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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2023
Income Taxes |
Income Taxes | 8. Income Taxes For financial reporting purposes, income (loss) before income taxes includes the following components:
|  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Pretax income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | (5,697,853 | ) |  | $ | (5,129,955 | )
Foreign |  |  | 1,885,016 |  |  |  | 2,450,681 |
Loss before income taxes |  | $ | (3,812,837 | ) |  | $ | (2,679,274 | )
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
|  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
State |  |  | 3,799 |  |  |  | 3,829 |
Foreign |  |  | 303,235 |  |  |  | 314,063 |
Total current |  |  | 307,034 |  |  |  | 317,892 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 4,000 |
State |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Foreign |  |  | (76,000 | ) |  |  | 541,015 |
Total deferred |  |  | (73,000 | ) |  |  | 545,015 |
Total income tax provision |  | $ | 234,034 |  |  | $ | 862,907 |
The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory rates to the total income tax provision is as follows:
|  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
U.S. federal statutory tax rate |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
Income tax provision reconciliation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax at statutory rate: |  | $ | (800,696 | ) |  | $ | (562,648 | )
Net foreign income subject to lower tax rate |  |  | (396,742 | ) |  |  | (297,049 | )
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | (303,366 | ) |  |  | (159,950 | )
Valuation allowance |  |  | (3,331,277 | ) |  |  | (1,255,273 | )
NOL expiration and adjustments |  |  | 4,015,752 |  |  |  | 2,550,645 |
GILTI |  |  | 192,452 |  |  |  | 138,611 |
Federal research and development and other credits |  |  | 491,112 |  |  |  | (121,990 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | (34,976 | ) |  |  | 20,472 |
Other permanent differences |  |  | (57,762 | ) |  |  | 11,387 |
Other, net |  |  | 459,537 |  |  |  | 538,702 |
|  | $ | 234,034 |  |  | $ | 862,907 |
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law, which, among other things, is intended to provide emergency assistance to qualifying businesses and individuals. The Company elected to utilize the payroll tax deferral under the CARES Act, resulting in cash savings of approximately $325,000, accrued as of June 30, 2021. Half of this amount was remitted on December 31, 2021, with the remainder remitted on December 31, 2022. Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China The Company’s Chinese subsidiaries, LPOI and LPOIZ, are governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning the privately run and foreign invested enterprises, which are generally subject to tax at a statutory rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments. For both the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the tax rate for LPOIZ was 15%, in accordance with an incentive program for technology companies. Prior to fiscal year 2022, no deferred tax provision was recorded for LPOIZ. However, during the year ended June 30, 2022, as a result of audits performed by the Chinese taxing authorities, and the Chinese subsidiaries’ statutory audits, it was determined that a net deferred tax liability was required. Accordingly, a net deferred tax liability of approximately $541,000, related to LPOIZ, was recorded in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the year ended June 30, 2022. As of June 30, 2023, the net deferred tax liability for LPOIZ is approximately $465,000. Historically, the Company considered unremitted earnings held by its foreign subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested. However, during fiscal year 2020, the Company began declaring intercompany dividends to remit a portion of the historical earnings of its foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. parent company. It is still the Company’s intent to reinvest a significant portion of the more recent earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries, however the Company also plans to repatriate a portion of the historical earnings of its subsidiaries. Based on its previous intent, the Company had not historically provided for future Chinese withholding taxes on the related earnings. However, during fiscal year 2020 the Company began to accrue for these taxes on the portion of historical earnings that it intends to repatriate. During the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared and paid intercompany dividends of $1.9 million and $2.8 million, respectively, from LPOIZ, payable to the Company as its parent company. Accordingly, the Company paid Chinese withholding taxes of $210,000 and $280,000 associated with these dividends during fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. Income tax expense associated with these dividends was $210,000 and $208,000 for fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. Accrued and unpaid withholding taxes were approximately $40,000 as of both June 30, 2023 and 2022. Other than these withholding taxes, these intercompany dividends have no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. Law of Corporate Income Tax of Latvia The Company’s Latvian subsidiary, ISP Latvia, is governed by the Law of Corporate Income Tax of Latvia. Until December 31, 2017, ISP Latvia was subject to a statutory income tax rate of 15%. Effective January 1, 2018, the Republic of Latvia enacted tax reform with the following key provisions: (i) corporations are no longer subject to income tax, but are instead subject to a distribution tax on distributed profits (or deemed distributions, as defined), and (ii) the tax rate was changed to 20%; however, distribution amounts are first divided by 0.8 to arrive at the taxable amount of profit, resulting in an effective tax rate of 25%. As a transitional measure, distributions made from earnings prior to January 1, 2018, distributed prior to December 31, 2019, are not subject to tax if declared prior to December 31, 2019. ISP Latvia has declared an intercompany dividend to be paid to ISP, its U.S. parent company, for the full amount of earnings accumulated prior to January 1, 2018. Distributions of this dividend will be from earnings prior to January 1, 2018 and, therefore, will not be subject to tax. The Company currently does not intend to distribute any current earnings generated after January 1, 2018. If, in the future, the Company changes such intention, distribution taxes, if any, will be accrued as profits are generated. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows at June 30:
|  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards |  | $ | 9,243,000 |  |  | $ | 12,197,277 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 340,000 |  |  |  | 536,000 |
R&D and other credits |  |  | 1,787,000 |  |  |  | 2,279,000 |
Capitalized R&D expenses |  |  | 763,000 |  |  |  | 371,000 |
Inventories |  |  | 200,000 |  |  |  | 263,973 |
Accrued expenses and other |  |  | 15,000 |  |  |  | 267,000 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 12,348,000 |  |  |  | 15,914,250 |
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets |  |  | (11,057,000 | ) |  |  | (14,388,277 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 1,291,000 |  |  |  | 1,525,973 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and other |  |  | (740,000 | ) |  |  | (763,988 | )
Intangible assets |  |  | (876,000 | ) |  |  | (1,160,000 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (1,616,000 | ) |  |  | (1,923,988 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) |  | $ | (325,000 | ) |  | $ | (398,015 | )
In assessing the potential future recognition of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. In order to fully realize the deferred tax asset, the Company will need to generate future taxable income of approximately $37 million prior to the expiration of federal NOL carry-forwards from 2023 through 2037. Based on the level of historical taxable income, management has provided for a valuation adjustment against the deferred tax assets of approximately $11.1 million at June 30, 2023, a decrease of approximately $3.3 million as compared to June 30, 2022. The decrease in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as compared to the prior year is primarily the result of the various movements in the current year deferred items. The U.S. net deferred tax asset of $140,000 results from federal and state tax credits with indefinite carryover periods. State income tax expense disclosed on the effective tax rate reconciliation above includes state deferred taxes that are offset by a full valuation allowance. At June 30, 2023, in addition to net operating loss carry forwards, the Company also has research and development and other credit carry forwards of approximately $1.5 million, which will expire from 2024 through 2043. A portion of the NOL carry forwards may be subject to certain limitations of the Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, which would restrict the annual utilization in future periods due principally to changes in ownership in prior periods.

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