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Basis of Presentation; Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation; Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2 – Basis of Presentation; Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Financial Statement Presentation The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. In prior year consolidated financial statements, management’s assessment was that there was substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to raise equity or debt financing in sufficient amounts, when and if needed, on acceptable terms or at all, in order to provide assurances that the Company would be able to continue as a going concern. The Company continues to experience recurring losses since its inception, and currently shows negative cash flows from operations and negative working capital as of December 31, 2021. As a result, in order to continue as a going concern, the Company has been reliant on the ability to obtain additional sources of financing to fund growth. As indicated in Note 16 – Subsequent Events, on February 15, 2022, the Company received approximately $22,000,000 in proceeds from completion of an equity offering. Based on management’s evaluation, the proceeds from the Offering will be more than sufficient to fund any deficiencies in working capital or cash flow from operations, and the Company is confident that it will be able to meet its obligations as they come due, and fund operations for at least 12 months after the date the consolidated financial statements are available to be issued. Accordingly, the conditions around liquidity and limited working capital necessary to fund operations have been addressed. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement Reverse Stock Split On January 17, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a reverse stock split at a ratio of one-for-one hundred and fifty. Such reverse stock split was implemented effective January 27, 2022. The par value for the Common Stock was not affected. As a result of this reverse stock split, the number of the Company’s shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021, was reduced from 240,125,224 to 1,600,835. All Common Stock, warrants, options and per share amounts set forth herein are presented to give retroactive effect to the Reverse Split for all periods presented. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its controlled and wholly owned subsidiary, Hydro Innovations, LLC (“Hydro”). Intercompany transactions, profit, and balances are eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates Management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and that affect the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Key estimates include: allocation of transaction prices to performance obligations under contracts with customers, standalone selling prices, timing of expected revenue recognition on remaining performance obligations under contracts with customers, valuation of intangible assets as it applies to impairment analysis, valuation of equity-based compensation, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, warranty accruals, inventory allowances, and legal contingencies. Cash and Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company may, from time to time, have deposits in financial institutions that exceed the federally insured amount of $250,000. As of December 31, 2021, the balance in the Company’s account was approximately $2,160,000. The Company has not experienced any losses to date on depository accounts. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount or based on revenue earned for items not yet invoiced, and generally do not bear interest. An allowance for doubtful accounts is established, as necessary, based on past experience and other factors, which, in management’s judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating bad debts. Based on the Company’s review, it establishes or adjusts the allowance for specific customers and the accounts receivable portfolio as a whole. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $181,942 and $165,098, respectively. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The inventory is valued based on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Lower of cost or net realizable value is evaluated by considering obsolescence, excessive levels of inventory, deterioration and other factors. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value, if required, are made for estimated excess, obsolescence or impaired inventory. Excess and obsolete inventory is charged to cost of revenue and a new lower-cost basis for that inventory is established and subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the allowance for excess and obsolete inventory was $91,379 and $93,045, respectively. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. For financial statement purposes, property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which is generally five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their useful lives or the life of the lease. Upon sale or retirement of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Long-lived Assets Long-lived tangible assets, including property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. When such an event occurs, management determines whether there has been impairment by comparing the anticipated undiscounted future net cash flows to the related asset’s carrying value. If an asset is considered impaired, the asset is written down to fair value, which is determined based either on discounted cash flows or appraised value, depending on the nature of the asset. The Company has not identified any indicators of impairment during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Goodwill and Intangible Assets The Company recorded goodwill in connection with its acquisition of Hydro in July 2014. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually on December 31st or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that fair value of the reporting unit has been reduced to less than its carrying value. The Company performs a quantitative impairment test annually during the fourth quarter by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is considered not impaired. An impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The Company determined that it has one reporting unit. The Company completed this assessment as of December 31, 2021 and concluded that no impairment existed. Separable identifiable intangibles consist of intellectual property such as patents and trademarks, and capitalized website costs. Except for trademarks, which are not amortized, the Company’s separable identifiable intangible assets are subject to amortization on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Trademarks are tested annually for impairment. Separable identifiable intangibles are also subject to evaluation for potential impairment if events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Fair Value Measurement The Company records its financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The accounting standard for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair value, clarifies the definition of fair value, and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting standard establishes a three-tier hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value: Level 1 - inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level 3 - inputs are unobservable inputs based on the Company’s assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement A financial asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. Due to their short-term nature, the carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, approximate fair value. Leases The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842. The Company determines whether a contract is a lease at contract inception or for a modified contract at the modification date. At inception or modification, the Company recognizes right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and related lease liabilities on the balance sheet for all leases greater than one year in duration. Lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are initially measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments as of the lease commencement date. If the lease contains a renewal and/or termination option, the exercise of the option is included in the term of the lease if the Company is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses an estimated incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) based on the information available at the commencement date of the respective lease to determine the present value of future payments. The IBR is determined by estimating what it would cost the Company to borrow a collateralized amount equal to the total lease payments over the lease term based on the contractual terms of the lease and the location of the leased asset. Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term in equal amounts of rent expense attributed to each period during the term of the lease, regardless of when actual payments are made. This generally results in rent expense in excess of cash payments during the early years of a lease and rent expense less than cash payments in later years. The difference between rent expense recognized and actual rental payments is typically represented as the spread between the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company’s facilities operating leases have lease and non-lease fixed cost components, which we account for as one single lease component in calculating the present value of minimum lease payments. Variable lease and non-lease cost components are expensed as incurred. The Company does not recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have an initial lease term of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes the lease payments associated with short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statements of operations. For stock-based derivative financial instruments, the Company uses the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (the “Black-Scholes Model”) to value the derivative instruments. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative instrument liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement of the derivative instrument could be required within twelve months of the balance sheet date. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, there were no derivative financial instruments. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement Revenue Recognition On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 (Topic 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers and all the related amendments (“ASC 606” or the “revenue standard”) to all contracts and elected the modified retrospective method. The following table sets forth the Company’s revenue by source: Schedule of Revenue by Source
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Equipment and systems sales |  | $ | 12,754,131 |  |  | $ | 7,730,371 |
Engineering and other services |  |  | 683,689 |  |  |  | 568,131 |
Shipping and handling |  |  | 200,738 |  |  |  | 215,770 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 13,638,558 |  |  | $ | 8,514,272 |
Revenue Recognition Accounting Policy Summary The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606. Under the revenue standard, a performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Most of the Company’s contracts contain multiple performance obligations that include engineering and technical services as well as the delivery of a diverse range of climate control system equipment and components, which can span multiple phases of a customer’s project life cycle from facility design and construction to equipment delivery and system installation and start-up. The Company does not provide construction services or system installation services. Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation, typically engineering only services contracts. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. When there are multiple performance obligations within a contract, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on standalone selling price. When estimating the selling price, the Company uses various observable inputs. The best observable input is the Company’s actual selling price for the same good or service, however, this input is generally not available for the Company’s contracts containing multiple performance obligations. For engineering services, the Company estimates the standalone selling price by reference to certain physical characteristics of the project, such as facility size and mechanical systems involved, which are indicative of the scope and complexity of the mechanical engineering services to be provided. For equipment sales, the standalone selling price is determined by forecasting the expected costs of the equipment and components and then adding an appropriate margin, based on a range of acceptable margins established by management. Depending on the nature of the performance obligations, the Company may use a combination of different methods and observable inputs if certain performance obligations have highly variable or uncertain standalone selling prices. Once the selling prices are determined, the Company applies the relative values to the total contract consideration and estimates the amount of the transaction price to be recognized as each promise is fulfilled. Generally, satisfaction occurs when control of the promised goods is transferred to the customer or as services are rendered or completed in exchange for consideration in an amount for which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company recognizes revenue for the sale of goods when control transfers to the customer, which primarily occurs at the time of shipment. The Company’s historical rates of return are insignificant as a percentage of sales and, as a result, the Company does not record a reserve for returns at the time the Company recognizes revenue. The Company has elected to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes (e.g., sales, use, value added, and certain excise taxes) that are assessed by a governmental authority in connection with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from the customer. Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue net of sales taxes. The revenue and cost for freight and shipping is recorded when control over the sale of goods passes to the Company’s customers. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement The Company also has performance obligations to perform certain engineering services that are satisfied over a period of time. Revenue is recognized from this type of performance obligation as services are rendered based on the percentage completion towards certain specified milestones. The Company offers assurance-type warranties for its products and products manufactured by others to meet specifications defined by the contracts with customers and does not have any material separate performance obligations related to these warranties. The Company maintains a warranty reserve based on historical warranty costs. Other Judgments and Assumptions The Company typically receives customer payments in advance of its performance of services or transfers of goods. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-32-18, which the Company has elected, the Company does not adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component since the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between when the Company transfers a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will be one year or less. Accordingly, the remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts does not consider the effects of the time value of money. Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred since the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs include certain sales commissions and incentives, which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, and are payable only when associated revenue has been collected and earned by the Company. Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities Contract assets reflect revenue recognized and performance obligations satisfied in advance of customer billing. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance under the contract. The Company receives payments from customers based on the terms established in its contracts. Contract assets include unbilled amounts where revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer and the right of payment is conditional, subject to completing a milestone, such as a phase of a project. The Company typically does not have material amounts of contract assets since revenue is recognized as control of goods are transferred or as services are performed. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company had no contract assets. Contract liabilities consist of advance payments in excess of revenue recognized. The Company’s contract liabilities are recorded as a current liability in deferred revenue in the consolidated balance sheets since the timing of when the Company expects to recognize revenue is generally less than one year. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, deferred revenue, which was classified as a current liability, was $2,839,838 and $3,724,189, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $3,358,578 related to the deferred revenue at January 1, 2021, or 90%. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $1,103,447 related to the deferred revenue at January 1, 2020, or 76%. Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations, or backlog, represents the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining obligations that the Company has not performed under its customer contracts. The Company has elected not to use the optional exemption in ASC 606-10-50-14, which exempts an entity from such disclosures if a performance obligation is part of a contract with an original expected duration of one year or less. Accordingly, the information disclosed about remaining performance obligations includes all customer contracts, including those with an expected duration of one year or less. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement Industry uncertainty, project financing concerns, and the licensing and qualification of our prospective customers, which are out of the Company’s control, make it difficult for the Company to predict when it will recognize revenue on its remaining performance obligations. There are risks that the Company may not realize the full contract value on customer projects in a timely manner or at all, and completion of a customer’s cultivation facility project is dependent upon the customer’s ability to secure funding and real estate, obtain a license and then build their cultivation facility so they can take possession of the equipment. Accordingly, the time it takes for customers to complete a project, which corresponds to when the Company is able to recognize revenue, is driven by numerous factors including: (i) the large number of first-time participants interested in the indoor cannabis cultivation business; (ii) the complexities and uncertainties involved in obtaining state and local licensure and permitting; (iii) local and state government delays in approving licenses and permits due to lack of staff or the large number of pending applications, especially in states where there is no cap on the number of cultivators; (iv) the customer’s need to obtain cultivation facility financing; (v) the time needed, and coordination required, for our customers to acquire real estate and properly design and build the facility (to the stage when climate control systems can be installed); (vi) the large price tag and technical complexities of the climate control and air sanitation system; (vii) the availability of power; and (viii) delays that are typical in completing any construction project. Further, based on the current economic climate, the uncertainty regarding the COVID-19 virus, and the Company’s recent cost cutting measures, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to fulfill its backlog, and the Company may experience contract cancellations, project scope reductions and project delays. As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s remaining performance obligations, or backlog, was $10,818,000, of which $411,000, or 4%, was attributable to customer contracts for which the Company has only received an initial advance payment to cover the allocated value of the Company’s engineering services (“engineering only paid contracts”). There is the risk that the equipment portion of these engineering only paid contracts will not be completed or will be delayed. The reasons include the customer being dissatisfied with the quality or timeliness of the Company’s engineering services, delay or abandonment of the project because of the customer’s inability to obtain project financing or licensing, or other reasons such as a challenging business climate including an overall post-COVID-19 economic downturn or change in business direction. After the customer has made an advance payment for a portion of the equipment to be delivered under the contract (“partial equipment paid contracts”), the Company is typically better able to estimate the timing of revenue recognition since the risks and delays associated with licensing, permitting and project funding are typically mitigated once the initial equipment payment is received. There is significant uncertainty regarding the timing of the Company’s recognition of revenue on its remaining performance obligations, and there is no certainty that these will result in actual revenues. The backlog at December 31, 2021, includes booked sales orders of $1,663,000 from several customers that the Company does not expect to be realized until 2023, if at all. Given the present economic uncertainty arising from the impact of the novel coronavirus COVID-19, the Company believes that several of its current contracts may be delayed or canceled. The remaining performance obligations expected to be recognized through 2023 are as follows: Schedule of Remaining Performance Obligations Expected to be Recognized
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | Total |
Remaining performance obligations related to engineering only paid contracts |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 411,000 |  |  | $ | 411,000 |
Remaining performance obligations related to partial equipment paid contracts |  |  | 9,155,000 |  |  |  | 1,252,000 |  |  |  | 10,407,000 |
Total remaining performance obligations |  | $ | 9,155,000 |  |  | $ | 1,663,000 |  |  | $ | 10,818,000 |
Product Warranty The Company warrants the products that it manufactures for a warranty period equal to the lesser of 12 months from start-up or 18 months from shipment. The Company’s warranty provides for the repair, rework, or replacement of products (at the Company’s option) that fail to perform within stated specification. The Company’s third-party suppliers also warrant their products under similar terms, which are passed through to the Company’s customers. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement The Company assesses the historical warranty claims on its manufactured products and, since 2016, warranty claims have been approximately 1% of annual revenue generated on these products. Based on the Company’s warranty policy, an accrual is established at 1% of the trailing 18 months revenue. The Company continues to assess the need to record a warranty reserve at the time of sale based on historical claims and other factors. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the Company had an accrued warranty reserve amount of $186,605 and $173,365, respectively, which are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes product costs (material, direct labor and overhead costs), shipping and handling expense, outside engineering costs, engineering, project management and service salaries and benefits, client visits and warranty. Concentrations Three customers accounted for 24%, 10% and 10% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. Three customers accounted for 28%, 11% and 10% of the Company’s revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company’s accounts receivable from two customers made up 68% and 23%, respectively, of the total balance as of December 31, 2021. The Company’s accounts receivable from two customers made up 48%, and 38%, respectively, of the total balance as of December 31, 2020. Three suppliers accounted for 29%, 11% and 10% of the Company’s purchases of inventory for the year ended December 31, 2021, and three suppliers accounted for 27%, 25% and 12% of the Company’s purchases of inventory for the year ended December 31, 2020. Product Development The Company expenses product development costs as incurred. Internal product development costs are expensed as incurred, and third-party product developments costs are expensed when the contracted work has been performed or as milestone results have been achieved. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company incurred $469,703 and $390,229, respectively, on product development. Accounting for Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes the cost resulting from all share-based compensation arrangements, including stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units that the Company grants under its equity incentive plan in its consolidated financial statements based on their grant date fair value. For awards subject to service conditions, compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Awards subject to performance conditions are attributed separately for each vesting tranche of the award and are recognized ratably from the service inception date to the vesting date for each tranche, based on the probability of vesting. The probability of awards with future performance conditions is evaluated each reporting period and compensation expense is adjusted based on the probability assessment. Awards are considered granted, and the service inception date begins, when mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of the award between the Company and the recipient has been established. For awards that provide discretion to adjust the amount of the award, the service inception date for such awards could precede the grant date as a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of the award between the Company and the recipient has not yet been established. For awards in which the service inception date precedes the grant date, compensation cost is accrued beginning on the service inception date. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement On February 16, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) approved annual incentive compensation awards to certain employees payable in non-qualified stock options, based on the Company’s performance and each employee’s contributions to such performance for the 2020 year. The non-qualified stock options were granted, were not subject to an additional service requirement and were immediately vested at the date of the grant. The final amount of the annual incentive compensation award, and number of non-qualified stock options granted, were determined, and communicated to the employees. The estimated compensation expense of $128,434 related to the 2020 incentive awards was accrued as of December 31, 2020. Since such incentive awards were settled in non-qualified stock options, the accrued compensation expense was classified as a current liability until the number of non-qualified stock options was fixed pursuant to a grant by the Board. At that time, the incentive awards of $128,434 became equity-classified. For the year ended December 31, 2021, $83,625 was recorded in respect of the 2021 annual incentive compensation awards. The final amount of the awards was approved by the Compensation Committee and Board of Directors on March 16, 2022. The number of non-qualified stock options to be granted will be determined on April 1, 2022, and communicated to the employees. The estimated expense was accrued as accrued equity compensation at December 31, 2021. The grant date fair value of stock options is based on the Black-Scholes Model. The Black-Scholes Model requires judgmental assumptions including volatility and expected term, both based on historical experience. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury interest rates whose term is consistent with the expected term of the option. The grant date fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units is based on the closing price of the underlying stock on the date of the grant. The Company has elected to reduce share-based compensation expense for forfeitures as the forfeitures occur since the Company does not have historical data or other factors to appropriately estimate the expected employee terminations and to evaluate whether particular groups of employees have significantly different forfeiture expectations. Share-based compensation costs (including expenses from the accrued compensation liabilities related to the annual incentive awards subsequently settled in non-qualified stock options) totaled $324,405 and $405,617 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Such share-based compensation costs are classified in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the same manner as if such compensation was paid in cash. The following is a summary of such share-based compensation costs included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020: Schedule of Share-based Compensation Costs
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Share-based compensation expense included in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue |  | $ | 17,331 |  |  | $ | 31,006 |
Advertising and marketing expenses |  |  | 7,938 |  |  |  | 8,333 |
Product development costs |  |  | 11,025 |  |  |  | 21,882 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 288,111 |  |  |  | 344,396 |
Total share-based compensation expense included in consolidated statement of operations |  | $ | 324,405 |  |  | $ | 405,617 |
Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, the Company determines deferred tax assets and liabilities on the basis of the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities by using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that the Company believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company records uncertain tax positions on the basis of a two-step process in which: (i) the Company determines whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position, and (ii) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration of common stock equivalents. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding and potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, including stock options, warrants and restricted stock units and other equity-based awards, except in periods when losses are reported where the effect of the common stock equivalents would be antidilutive. Potential common stock equivalents consist of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and warrants and the vesting of restricted stock units using the treasury method. As of December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, 115,684 and 194,757 potential common share equivalents from Series B Preferred Stock warrants and options, respectively, were excluded from the diluted EPS calculations as their effect is anti-dilutive. Commitments and Contingencies In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, customer disputes, government investigations and tax matters. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that an asset had been impaired, or a liability had been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Other Risks and Uncertainties To achieve profitable operations, the Company must successfully develop, manufacture and market its products. There can be no assurance that any such products can be developed or manufactured at an acceptable cost and with appropriate performance characteristics, or that such products will be successfully marketed. These factors could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial results, financial position, and future cash flows. The Company is subject to risks common to similarly-situated companies including, but not limited to, general economic conditions, its customers’ operations and access to capital, and market and business disruptions including severe weather conditions, natural disasters, health hazards, terrorist activities, financial crises, political crises or other major events, or the prospect of these events, new technological innovations, dependence on key personnel, protection of proprietary technology, compliance with government regulations, uncertainty of market acceptance of products, product liability, and the need to obtain additional financing. As a supplier of services and equipment to cannabis cultivators, the Company is also subject to risks related to the cannabis industry. Although certain states have legalized medical and/or recreational cannabis, U.S. federal laws continue to prohibit marijuana in all its forms as well as its derivatives. Any changes in the enforcement of U.S. federal laws may adversely affect the implementation of state and local cannabis laws and regulations that permit medical or recreational cannabis and, correspondingly, may adversely impact the Company’s customers. The Company’s success is also dependent upon its ability to raise additional capital and to successfully develop and market its products. CEA Industries Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Company’s senior management team in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company has one operating segment that is dedicated to the manufacture and sale of its products. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt – Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which requires an entity to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant that does not cause the warrant to become liability-classified as an exchange of the original warrant for a new warrant. This guidance applies whether the modification is structured as an amendment to the terms and conditions of the warrant or as termination of the original warrant and issuance of a new warrant. An entity should measure the effect of a modification as the difference between the fair value of the modified warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before modification. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity elects to early adopt the amendments in this Update in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of the standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06: “Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts In An Entity’s Own Equity” (“ASU 2020-06”) ASU 2020-06 simplifies the accounting for certain convertible instruments by removing the separation models for convertible debt with a cash conversion feature and for convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. As a result, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument with no separate accounting for embedded conversion features. Additionally, ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share calculation for convertible instruments by requiring the use of the if-converted method. The treasury stock method is no longer available. Entities may adopt the ASU 2020-06 using either a full or modified retrospective approach, and it is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. The amendments also improve consistent application of and simplify GAAP for other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s adoption of this ASU has not had a material impact on its consolidated results of operations, cash flows and financial position. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the financial statements upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.

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