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Summary of significant accounting policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of significant accounting policies | Summary of significant accounting policies Basis of presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Company's fiscal year ends on December 31, and its fiscal quarters end on March 31, June 30, and September 30. Principles of consolidation. These consolidated financial statements include all the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Unless otherwise specified, references to the Company are references to GoPro, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of estimates. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ materially from management's estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations could be affected. Comprehensive income. For all periods presented, comprehensive income approximated net income. Therefore, the consolidated statements of comprehensive income have been omitted. Prior period reclassifications. Reclassifications of certain prior period amounts in the consolidated financial statements have been made to conform to the current period presentation. Cash equivalents and marketable securities. Cash equivalents primarily consist of investments in money market funds with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Marketable securities consist of commercial paper, U.S. treasury securities, U.S. agency securities, and corporate debt securities, and are classified as available-for-sale securities. As the Company views these securities as available to support current operations, it has classified all available-for-sale securities as current assets. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, if any, included in stockholders' equity. As of December 31, 2015, the Company's marketable securities were recorded at their amortized cost which approximated fair value. Unrealized losses are charged against other income (expense), net, for declines in fair value below the cost of an individual investment that is deemed to be other than temporary. The Company did not identify any marketable securities as other-than-temporarily impaired for the periods presented. The Company determines realized gains or losses on sale of marketable securities on a specific identification method, and records such gains or losses as other income (expense), net. Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable are stated at invoice value less estimated allowances for returns and doubtful accounts. The Company records allowances based upon its assessment of various factors, such as: historical experience, credit quality of its customers, age of the accounts receivable balances, geographic related risks, economic conditions and other factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $1.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Inventory. Inventory consists of finished goods and component parts, which are purchased directly or from contract manufacturers. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company writes down its inventory for estimated obsolescence or excess inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and estimated market value. The Company’s assessment of market value is based upon assumptions around market conditions and estimated future demand for its products within a specified time horizon, generally 12 months. Adjustments to reduce inventory to net realizable value are recognized in cost of revenue in the current period. Point of purchase (POP) displays. The Company provides retailers with POP displays, generally free of charge, in order to facilitate the marketing of the Company’s products within retail stores. The POP displays contain a display that broadcasts video images taken by GoPro cameras with product placement available for cameras and accessories. POP display costs, less any fees charged, are capitalized as long-term assets and charged to sales and marketing expense over the expected period of benefit, which generally ranges from 24 to 36 months. POP amortization was $16.8 million, $18.0 million and $13.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Property and equipment, net. Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, ranging from one to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or their expected useful life. Property and equipment pending installation, configuration or qualification are classified as construction in progress. Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company estimates and categorizes the fair value of its financial assets by applying the following hierarchy established by the FASB, which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value:
Level 1 | Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to directly access.
Level 2 | Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; valuations for interest-bearing securities based on non-daily quoted prices in active markets; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 | Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value of Level 2 financial instruments is obtained from an independent pricing service, which may use quoted market prices for identical or comparable instruments or model driven valuations using observable market data or inputs corroborated by observable market data. Leases. The Company leases its office space and facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases. For leases that contain rent escalation or rent concession provisions, the Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The Company does not assume renewals in its determination of the lease term unless the renewals are deemed to be reasonably assured at lease inception. Leasehold improvements are included in property and equipment, net. Goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their useful lives unless the lives are determined to be indefinite. For intangible assets acquired in a business combination, the estimated fair values of the assets received are used to establish their recorded values. Valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used to measure fair value. Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets. The Company performs an annual assessment of its goodwill during the fourth quarter of each calendar year and in interim periods if certain events occur to determine if any events or circumstances exist, such as an adverse change in business climate or a decline in the overall industry demand, that would indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of its single reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If further testing is deemed necessary, a two-step approach is applied. The first step involves comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value. The second step, if necessary, measures the amount of impairment, if any, by comparing the carrying value of the goodwill to its implied fair value. Other indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment at least annually. If their value carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, the difference is recorded as an impairment. Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If it is determined that an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. There was no material impairment of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets or other long-lived assets for any periods presented. Warranty. The Company records a liability for estimated product warranty costs at the time product revenue is recognized. The Company's standard warranty obligation to its end-users generally provides a 12-month warranty coverage on all of its products except in the European Union where the Company provides a two-year warranty. The Company's estimate of costs to service its warranty obligations is based on its historical experience of repair and replacement of the associated products and expectations of future conditions. The warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related use of materials, labor costs and freight incurred in correcting any product failure. Revenue recognition. Revenue is primarily comprised of product revenue, net of returns and sales incentives. The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the sale of capture devices and the related implied post contract support (PCS). The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Evidence of an arrangement consists of an order from its distributors, resellers, or online customers. The Company considers delivery to have occurred once title and risk of loss has been transferred. For most of the Company's revenue, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped. For customers who purchase products directly from the Company’s website, the Company defers revenue until delivery to the customer's address because the Company retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. Customer deposits are included in accrued liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and are recognized as revenue when all the revenue recognition criteria are met. The Company grants limited rights to return product for certain large retailers and distributors. The Company records reductions to revenue and cost of sales for expected future product returns at the time of sale based on analyses of historical return trends by customer class. Return trends are influenced by product life cycles, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, product sell-through, the type of customer, seasonality, and other factors. Return rates may fluctuate over time, but are sufficiently predictable to allow the Company to estimate expected future product returns. The Company has determined its sales of capture devices are multiple element arrangements that generally include the following two units of accounting: a) the hardware component (camera and accessories) and the embedded firmware essential to the functionality of the camera delivered at the time of sale, and b) the implied right for the customer to receive PCS. PCS includes the right to receive, on a when and if available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features as well as bug fixes, email and telephone support. The Company accounts for each element separately and allocates revenue based on their relative selling prices. The Company uses a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (TPE) and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (BESP). The Company has neither VSOE nor TPE since the deliverables are not sold separately and there are not comparable deliverables sold by other companies. BESP reflects the Company’s best estimates of what the selling prices of elements would be if they were sold regularly on a stand-alone basis. The Company's process for determining BESP considers multiple factors that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable, including: the level of support provided to customers, estimated costs to provide the Company's support, the amount of time and cost that is allocated to the Company's efforts to develop the undelivered elements, and market trends in the pricing for similar offerings. Revenue allocated to the delivered hardware and the related essential software is recognized at the time of sale provided the conditions for recognition of revenue have been met. Revenue allocated to PCS is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated term of the support period, which is estimated to be 15 months based on historical experience. Sales incentives. The Company offers sales incentives through various programs, consisting primarily of cooperative advertising and marketing development fund programs. The Company records cooperative advertising and marketing development fund programs with customers as a reduction to revenue unless it receives an identifiable benefit in exchange for credits claimed by the customer and can reasonably estimate the fair value of the identifiable benefit received, in which case the Company will record it as a marketing expense. Marketing development funds recorded as marketing expense were not material for the periods presented. In addition, the Company offers price protection discounts to certain customers when new capture device models are released or repriced and the customer has remaining inventory on hand. The Company calculates price protection discounts in the period that the price reduction goes into effect, and they are recorded as a reduction of revenue, based on the evaluation of inventory currently held by the customer subject to price protection. Shipping costs. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are classified as revenue and the Company's related shipping and handling costs incurred are classified as cost of revenue. Sales taxes. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to respective governmental authorities are recorded as liabilities and not included in revenue. Research and development. Research and development expense includes internal and external costs. Internal costs include employee related expenses, equipment costs, depreciation expense and allocated facility costs. External research and development expenses consist of costs associated with consultants, tooling and prototype materials. Research and development expense is related to developing new products and services and the designing of significant improvements to existing products. Research and development costs to establish the technological feasibility of the Company’s internally developed software is expensed as incurred. To date, the period between achieving technological feasibility and the release of internally developed software to be sold, leased, or marketed has been short and development costs qualifying for capitalization have been insignificant. Advertising costs. Advertising costs consist of costs associated with print, television and ecommerce media advertisements and are expensed as incurred. The Company incurs promotional expenses resulting from payments under event, resort and athlete sponsorship contracts. These sponsorship arrangements are considered to be executory contracts and, as such, the costs are expensed as performance under the contract is received. The costs associated with preparation of sponsorship activities, including the supply of GoPro products, media team support, and activation fees are expensed as incurred. Prepayments made under sponsorship agreements are included in prepaid expenses or other long-term assets depending on the period to which the prepayment applies. Advertising costs were $64.7 million, $47.2 million and $55.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Stock-based compensation. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with accounting guidance that requires all stock-based awards granted to employees and directors to be measured at fair value and recognized as an expense. The Company primarily issues restricted stock units. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures. For performance and market-based awards which also require a service period, the Company uses graded vesting over the longer of the derived service period or when the performance or market condition is satisfied. The Company recognizes a benefit from stock-based compensation as additional paid-in capital if an excess tax benefit is realized by following the with-and-without approach. The indirect effects of stock-based compensation deductions are reflected in the income tax provision for purposes of measuring the excess tax benefit at settlement of awards. Foreign currency. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. The Company remeasures monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date, and non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical rates. Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction gains and losses are included in other expense, net and have not been material for any periods presented. Income taxes. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method for computing its income tax provision, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. Management makes estimates, assumptions and judgments to determine the Company's provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation losses recorded against deferred tax assets. The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent the Company believes recovery is not likely, establishes a valuation allowance. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized within income tax expense. Segment information. The Company operates as one operating segment as it only reports financial information on an aggregate and consolidated basis to its CEO, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker. Recent accounting pronouncements
Standard |  | Description |  | Date of adoption |  | Effect on the financial statements or other significant matters
Standards that are not yet adopted |  |  |  |
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) |  | This standard is based on principles that govern the recognition of revenue at an amount to which an entity expects to be entitled when products and services are transferred to customers. In August 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date by one year while providing the option to adopt the standard on the original effective date of January 1, 2017. The standard may be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. |  | January 1, 2018 |  | The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement Period Adjustments |  | Under the updated guidance, the acquirer in a business combination is required to recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. This new standard will be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this update. |  | January 1, 2016 |  | The Company does not believe the adoption of this standard will have a material impact to its consolidated financial statements.
Standards that were adopted |  |  |  |
ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classifications of Deferred Taxes |  | This standard requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent in a classified statement of financial position. The new guidance becomes effective for the Company on January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. |  | December 31, 2015 |  | The Company early adopted this standard, prospectively. Adoption resulted in a $22.2 million reduction to current assets and a corresponding increase in other long-term assets at December 31, 2015. Prior periods were not adjusted. Adoption had no impact on the Company’s results of operations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References No definition available. + Details
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