GPRO 0001500435 12/31 10-K 12/31/2020 2020 FY FALSE Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value NASDAQ Global Select Market Delaware 77-0629474 3025 Clearview Way San Mateo,California 94402(650)332-7600 122,634,624 28,885,046 false 610,337 P1Y P2Y 1 2 6.1 5.4-6.1———0.5 0.5 0.5———
The Company’s tax provision and the resulting effective tax rate for interim periods is determined based upon its estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for the effect of discrete items arising in that quarter. The Company also excludes jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year (or year-to-date loss) where the Company cannot or does not expect to recognize a tax benefit from its estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such inclusions could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings or losses versus annual projections. In each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made in that quarter.

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,826 |  |  | $ | (4,428) |  |  |
Effective tax rate |  |  |  |  | (7.8) | % |  | 23.2 | % |  |

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
Commission file number: 001-36514
GOPRO, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 77-0629474
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3025 Clearview Way |  |
San Mateo, | California |  | 94402
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(650) | 332-7600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value | GPRO | NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of Act. Yes ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer þ Smaller reporting company ☐
Accelerated filer ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2020, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $610,337,000 based upon the closing price reported for such date on The Nasdaq Global Select Market.
1

As of January 31, 2021, 122,634,624 and 28,885,046 shares of Class A and Class B common stock were outstanding, respectively.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”), to be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, are incorporated by reference in Part II and Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except with respect to information specifically incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Proxy Statement is not deemed to be filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

2

GoPro, Inc.
Index

|  | Page
PART I
Item 1. | Business | 4
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 12
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 39
Item 2. | Properties | 39
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 39
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 39
PART II
Item 5. | Market for the Company’s Common Shares, Related Shareholders Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 40
Item 6. | Selected Consolidated Financial Data | 42
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 43
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 62
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 63
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 100
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 100
Item 9B. | Other Information | 100
PART III
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 101
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 101
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 101
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 101
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 101
PART IV
Item 15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 102
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 104
| Signatures | 105

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PART I
Special note regarding forward-looking statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K of GoPro, Inc. (GoPro or we or the Company) includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding guidance, industry prospects, product and marketing plans, or future results of operations or financial position, made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking. To identify forward-looking statements, we use words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “intend,” “target,” “goal,” “plan,” “likely,” “potentially,” or variations of such words and similar expressions. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their date. If any of management’s assumptions prove incorrect or should unanticipated circumstances arise, the Company’s actual results could materially differ from those anticipated by such forward-looking statements. The differences could be caused by a number of factors or combination of factors including, but not limited to, those factors identified under Item 1A Risk Factors. Forward-looking statements include plans to expand and improve product offerings in Item 1 Business and other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, projections of results of operations, research and development plans, marketing plans, plans for international expansion and revenue growth drivers, plans to reduce operating expenses and drive profitability, including our restructuring plans and the improved efficiencies in our operations that such plans may create, the impact of COVID-19 on our business, operations, liquidity and capital resources, employees, customers, supply chain, financial results and the world economy, and the scope and duration thereof, plans to settle note conversion in cash, expectations regarding the volatility of the Company’s tax provision and resulting effective tax rate and projections of results of operations, the outcome of pending or future litigation and legal proceedings and any discussion of the trends and other factors that drive our business and future results in Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K including but not limited to Item 1A Risk Factors. In particular, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic to economic conditions and the industry in general, and the financial position and operating results of the Company in particular have been material, and changing rapidly, and cannot be predicted. Readers are strongly encouraged to consider the foregoing when evaluating any forward-looking statements concerning the Company. The Company does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect future events or developments.
Risk Factor Summary
Our business is subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including those described in Item 1A Risk Factors on this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks include, but are not limited to the following:
•We may not be able to achieve revenue growth or profitability in the future, and if revenue growth or profitability is achieved, we may not be able to sustain it.
•Our goal to grow revenue and be profitable is dependent upon our ability to grow our direct-to-consumer business. If we do not effectively grow our direct-to-consumer business while simultaneously reducing our reliance on our other sales channels, our business, financial condition, results of operations and path to profitability could be harmed.
•The COVID-19 outbreak has had a material impact on the United States and global economies and could have a material adverse impact on our employees, suppliers, customers and end consumers, which could adversely and materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
•If our sales fall below our forecasts, especially during the holiday season, our overall financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
•If the e-commerce technology systems that give our consumers the ability to shop with us online do not function effectively, our operating results, as well as our ability to grow our direct-to-consumer business and improve profitability, could be materially adversely affected.
•Our future growth depends in part on further penetrating our total addressable market, and we may not be successful in doing so.
•To remain competitive and stimulate consumer demand, we must effectively manage product introductions, product transitions, product pricing and marketing.
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•We depend on sales of our cameras, mounts and accessories for substantially all of our revenue, and any decrease in the sales or change in sales mix of these products could harm our business.
•We rely on third-party suppliers, some of which are sole-source suppliers, to provide components for our products which may lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain and may increase our costs.
•We operate in a highly competitive market and the size and resources of some of our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than we can. New entrants also enter the digital imaging market category from time-to-time. These market factors could result in a loss of our market share and a decrease in our revenue and profitability.
•Our gross margins can vary significantly depending on multiple factors, which can result in unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results.
•We depend on key personnel to operate and grow our business. If we are unable to attract, engage and retain qualified personnel, our ability to develop, transform and successfully grow and operate our business could be harmed.
•Changes to trade agreements, trade policies, tariffs and import/export regulations may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
•We face substantial risks related to inventory, purchase commitments and long-lived assets, and we could incur material charges related to these items that adversely affect our operating results.
•If we fail to manage our operating expenses effectively, our financial performance may suffer.
•Security and data protection breaches and cyberattacks could disrupt our products, services, internal operations, or information technology systems, and any such disruption could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation, and cause our stock price to decline significantly.
•Interruptions with the cloud-based systems that we use in our operations, provided by an affiliate of Amazon.com, Inc. (Amazon), may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
•Any significant cybersecurity incidents or disruption of our information systems, and our reliance on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) technologies from third parties, could adversely affect our business operations and financial results.
•Our international business operations account for a significant portion of our revenue and operating expenses and are subject to challenges and risks.
•A small number of retailers and distributors account for a substantial portion of our revenue, and if our relationships with any of these retailers or distributors were to be terminated or the level of business with them significantly reduced, our business could be harmed.
•If we encounter problems with our distribution system, our ability to deliver our products to the market and to meet customer expectations could be harmed.
•Our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of our brand.
•We may be subject to warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, or we could experience greater returns from retailers than expected, which could harm our business and operating results.
•If we encounter issues with our manufacturers or suppliers, our business, brand, and results of operations could be harmed and we could lose sales.
•Our intellectual property and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products and services, and our business may suffer if it is alleged or determined that our technology, products, or another aspect of our business infringes third-party intellectual property or if third parties infringe our rights.
•If we are unable to maintain or acquire rights to include intellectual property owned by others in the content distributed by us, our marketing, sales or future business strategy could be affected or we could be subject to lawsuits relating to our use of this content.
•We are subject to governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.
•There are also risks associated with the ownership of our Class A common stock, including that our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile, and our convertible senior notes.
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Item 1. Business
Overview
GoPro helps the world capture and share itself in immersive and exciting ways. Our cameras, mountable and wearable accessories, and subscription services have generated substantially all of our revenue. We sell our products globally through retailers, distributors and on GoPro.com.
Our product offerings include the following:
•HERO9 Black is our flagship waterproof camera launched in the Fall of 2020, featuring a 23.6MP sensor that provides stunning 5K video, the highest resolution ever for a HERO camera, 20MP photos and HyperSmooth 3.0 video stabilization. The HERO9 Black camera also features a new front-facing display, a larger rear touch display, an extended battery life, new Power Tools, TimeWarp 3.0, SuperPhoto, live streaming, webcam mode, built-in mounting, cloud connectivity and voice control. HyperSmooth 3.0 is our most advanced stabilization ever and includes in-camera horizon leveling that keeps shots smooth and level. TimeWarp Video 3.0 features Real Speed, which allows users to slow down footage to real speed and capture audio while recording, and Half Speed, which allows users to slow down footage even more for epic slow motion. Webcam Mode enables users to connect their HERO9 Black camera to a computer with the included USB-C cable to use the camera as a 1080p high-definition wide-angle webcam. We also introduced new Power Tools, including HindSight, Scheduled Capture and Duration Capture to help users capture the perfect shot. HindSight allows users to capture and save up to 30 seconds of video before the shutter button is pressed. Scheduled Capture allows users to set up their cameras to automatically capture photos or videos up to 24 hours in advance and Duration Capture allows users to set their HERO9 Black to record for a specified length of time. In addition, we introduced a Max Lens Mod accessory that brings Max HyperSmooth video stabilization and Max SuperView’s ultra wide-angle photo and video to the HERO9 Black camera. We also continue to offer our HERO8 Black, HERO7 Black and HERO7 Silver cameras. Our cameras are compatible with our ecosystem of mountable and wearable accessories, and feature automatic uploading capabilities for photos and videos for GoPro subscribers.
•MAX is our 360-degree waterproof camera featuring MAX HyperSmooth image stabilization, 360-degree MAX TimeWarp Video, MAX SuperView, PowerPano, built-in mounting, high-quality audio, live streaming, voice control and a front facing touch display. MAX HyperSmooth provides the highest performance video stabilization yet, while MAX SuperView provides the widest field of view ever from a GoPro camera. PowerPano allows users to capture a 6.2mp, 270-degree panoramic photo with the push of a button and creates an artifact-free shot of action or movement. Our MAX camera features six built-in microphones that allows users to capture immersive 360-degree audio, directional audio for vlogging and the best stereo sound ever from a GoPro.
•GoPro subscription is our subscription service that provides a camera protection plan and enables subscribers to easily access, edit and share content. The GoPro subscription includes unlimited cloud storage supporting source video and photo quality, camera replacement and damage protection, access to a high-quality live streaming service on GoPro.com as well as discounts on GoPro gear, mounts and accessories. Our HERO5 Black and newer cameras can automatically upload photos and videos to a subscriber’s GoPro account at the highest possible quality, while HERO7 Black and newer cameras can also access our live-streaming service.
•GoPro app is a mobile app that allows users to share and edit their photos and videos. In December 2020, we introduced a new feature called Mural, where users can post their favorite shots to a private Mural wall. Mural organizes a user’s favorite photos and videos as “events” and automatically generates a stunning highlight video for each event created. This new app experience is derived from our legacy, free-to-use video editing app, Quik, and can be fully utilized by members of our GoPro subscription service. In 2021, we plan to add powerful new editing features which will enable users of smartphones and other types of cameras to access the new GoPro app experience via a $9.99 annual subscription. As part of our subscription growth efforts, we also plan to migrate users of the legacy Quik app to the new GoPro app over time.
We also offer a full ecosystem of mountable and wearable accessories. See Products for additional information.
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We believe our investments in hardware, cloud and mobile solutions have yielded a solid foundational experience for consumers that we will continue to build upon in 2021.
Our strategy
Helping our consumers capture and share their experiences in immersive and exciting ways is at the core of our business. We are committed to developing solutions that create an easy, seamless experience for consumers to capture, create and share engaging personal content. When consumers use our products and services, they often generate and share content that increases awareness for GoPro, driving a virtuous cycle and a self-reinforcing demand for our products. We believe revenue growth will be driven by the introduction of new cameras, accessories, lifestyle gear, subscription offerings and GoPro app monetization. We also believe new or improved camera features drive a replacement cycle among existing users and attract new users. Consumers can choose between numerous channels to purchase our hardware products, which are sold through GoPro.com, retailers and distributors. In addition, consumers can purchase software products through GoPro.com and via the GoPro app.
We also strive to expand our total addressable market by providing GoPro subscribers with improved benefits and providing a GoPro app experience that we believe addresses widespread pain points associated with using smartphones and GoPro cameras.
To achieve these goals, we aspire to retain employees committed to growing GoPro through great ideas and innovation by leveraging our strong brand recognition, unique culture, competitive compensation and benefits, and our strong commitment to our Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Belonging initiatives. Our employees collaborate cross-functionally to help achieve our goals such as continuously improving our GoPro.com site and maintaining our relationships with key retailers and distributors.
Products
Cameras. We offer a family of flagship cameras, including our cloud connected HERO7 Black, HERO8 Black and HERO9 Black cameras. We also offer MAX, our waterproof 360-degree camera and our HERO7 Silver camera. HERO7 Silver, HERO7 Black, HERO8 Black, HERO9 Black and MAX cameras are durable, waterproof (without a housing), come with select mounting accessories, and have built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technology, providing connectivity with a mobile device to enable remote control, content viewing, editing and sharing functionality. Our HERO9 Black camera offers 5K video, while HERO8 Black and HERO7 Black cameras can shoot video in 4K at 60 frames per second. MAX captures video in 360-degrees at 6K resolution and stitches to 5.6K. All of our current cameras feature multi-language voice and contextual control, image stabilization, a simplified user experience, and the ability to auto-upload photos and videos for GoPro subscription members via Wi-Fi for easy access and editing with our app. HERO9 Black, HERO8 Black, HERO7 Black, HERO7 Silver and MAX also feature GPS and additional sensors that capture location, elevation, speed and G-force loads.
Mounts and accessories. We offer a wide range of mounts and accessories, either bundled with a camera or sold separately, that enhance the functionality and versatility of our products, and enable our consumers to capture their experiences during a variety of activities or moments from different viewpoints. Our equipment-based mounts include three mods, which allows users to transform their HERO9 and HERO8 Black cameras into a production powerhouse. The Media Mod provides an integrated directional microphone, the Light Mod illuminates a scene and the Display Mod allows users to perfectly frame themselves during self-capture. In addition, we offer a Max Lens Mod that brings Max HyperSmooth video stabilization and Max SuperView’s ultra wide-angle photo and video to the HERO9 Black camera. Other equipment-based mounts include helmet, handlebar, roll bar and tripod mounts. Our 3-way mount is a 3-in-1 mount that can be used as a camera grip, extension arm or tripod, and our floating mounts such as the Handler, and Bite Mount + Floaty, allow our cameras to float in water. We also enable consumers to wear mounts on their bodies with the use of our magnetic swivel clip, wrist housing, chest harness and head strap. Additionally, we offer spare batteries, dive filters and charging accessories and cables to connect our GoPro cameras to computers, laptops and television monitors. Our accessories expand the features, versatility and convenience of our cameras.
Lifestyle Gear. We offer a lifestyle gear lineup that melds our signature design and versatility across an exciting and ultra-functional line of bags, backpacks and cases.
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Applications. We offer mobile, desktop and web applications that provides a complete media workflow for archiving, editing, multi-clip story creation, sharing content on the fly, and enhances direct-to-consumer discovery and purchase experience. In December 2020, we introduced a new feature called Mural in our GoPro app, where users can post their favorite shots to a private Mural wall. Mural organizes a user’s favorite photos and videos as “events” and automatically generates a stunning highlight video for each event created. This new app experience is derived from our legacy, free-to-use video editing app, Quik, and can be fully utilized by members of our GoPro subscription service. In 2021, we plan to add powerful new editing features which will enable users of smartphones and other types of cameras to access the new GoPro app experience via a $9.99 annual subscription. As part of our subscription growth efforts, we also plan to migrate users of the legacy Quik app to the new GoPro app over time.
Services. Our GoPro subscription service offers a range of benefits to our consumers, including a camera protection plan and a platform that enables subscribers to easily access, edit and share content. The GoPro subscription also includes unlimited cloud storage supporting source video and photo quality, camera replacement and damage protection, access to a high-quality live streaming service on GoPro.com as well as discounts on GoPro lifestyle gear, mounts and accessories. Our HERO5 Black and newer cameras can automatically upload photos and videos to a subscriber’s GoPro account at the highest possible quality, while HERO7 Black and newer cameras can access our live-streaming service. We had 761,000 subscribers as of December 31, 2020, which grew 52% sequentially and 145% year-over-year.
Seasonality
Historically, we have experienced our highest levels of revenue in the fourth quarter of the year, coinciding with the holiday shopping season, particularly in the United States and Europe. While we aim to reduce the impact of fourth quarter seasonality on full year performance, timely and effective product introductions and forecasting, whether just prior to the holiday season or otherwise, are critical to our operations and financial performance.
Segment information and geographic data
We operate as one reportable segment. Financial information about geographic areas is presented in Note 10 Concentrations of risk and geographic information, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Research and development
We are passionate about developing new and innovative products that inspire our consumers and enhance our brand. We are constantly innovating to deliver better performance, expanded functionality and increased convenience to enhance the appeal of our products. We strive to remain a market leader by consistently introducing innovative products, software and services that offer optimal performance at affordable price points.
We have a user experience-driven approach to product development and our CEO leads product design. By engaging with customers, consumers and opinion leaders in our core markets around the world, our development team strives to introduce meaningful and empowering new features that expand the versatility and performance of our products. We also benefit from input received from our in-house production team, our sponsored athletes and our brand advocates that regularly travel the world capturing content using our products. We believe leveraging this input will help refine our existing products and influence future products that give us a competitive advantage.
Our engineering team supports the development of cameras, related mounts and accessories, firmware and software. Our hardware engineering team is responsible for developing solutions to support the concepts developed by our product team. These core technologies include GoPro’s custom designed system on chip, which allows cameras to perform advanced image computation and provides unparalleled image quality and next-level image stabilization, new image silicon processors, image sensors and lenses, as well as the core algorithms that enable the systems to operate and provide optimal performance and features. Our hardware engineering team also integrates these innovations and firmware into our product designs and develops our cameras, mounts and accessories.
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Our software engineering team develops applications that enhance the functionality of our products and facilitate the management, editing, sharing and viewing of content. These applications are being developed for mobile, desktop and web-based platforms. Our core technologies include rendering engines to enable smooth video playback and editing, algorithms for moment identification, automatic story creation as well as cloud-based media storage, analysis and playback. Our software engineering team also manages our cloud and web platforms that power our application experiences and direct-to-consumer business via GoPro.com.
Manufacturing, logistics and fulfillment
Our products are designed and developed in the United States, France, China and Romania, and a majority of our manufacturing is outsourced to contract manufacturers located in China and Mexico. We believe that using outsourced manufacturing enables greater scale and flexibility than establishing our own manufacturing facilities. Several key strategic parts are purchased from suppliers by us and then consigned to our manufacturers, while the vast majority of parts are procured directly by our contract manufacturers. Our strategic commodities team manages the pricing and supply of the key components of our cameras, including digital signal processors, sensors and lenses, and we leverage their expertise to achieve competitive pricing on the largest value-add components and leverage our contract manufacturers’ volume purchases for best pricing on common parts.
We have third-party facilities in China for final pack-out of our finished products. These finished products are shipped to fulfillment centers in California, Kentucky, Netherlands, Hong Kong and Singapore that deliver our products to our customers.
Sales channels and customers
We offer our products in retail outlets as well as in over 100 countries through our direct sales channel, including GoPro.com, and indirectly through our distribution channel. In 2020 and 2019, revenue from GoPro.com represented 32% and 12% of our revenue, respectively, and retail accounted for 68% and 88% of our revenue, respectively.
Direct sales
We sell directly to most of our retailers in the United States, some of our retailers in Europe and to consumers worldwide through GoPro.com.
Independent specialty retailers. We use a network of location-based independent manufacturer representatives to sell our products to independent specialty retailers in the United States focused on sports and consumer activity capture markets. Our representatives provide highly personalized service to these retailers, including in-store merchandising, taking orders and providing clinics to educate retail sales personnel about GoPro products and services. We also have an internal, regionally focused sales team that provides a secondary level of service to both the independent specialty retailers and manufacturer representatives. Independent specialty retailers generally carry our higher end products, targeting their core customers who we believe tend to be early adopters of new technologies. Independent specialty retailers outside of the United States represent a similarly important sales channel for us, and we reach these customers indirectly through our network of international distributors.
Big box retailers. We sell to large retailers with a national presence, including Amazon.com, Inc., Best Buy, Inc., Target Corporation and Wal-Mart, Inc. We support these retailers with a dedicated and experienced sales management team that we believe enables us to reduce channel conflict.
Mid-market retailers. We also sell to retailers with a large regional or national presence, often focused on specific verticals such as consumer electronics, sporting goods, military, hunting and fishing, and motorsports. In the United States, we sell directly to these mid-market retailers through our experienced sales teams assigned to particular accounts and regions.
GoPro.com. We sell our full line of products to consumers worldwide through our online store at GoPro.com, which we market through online and offline advertising. Sales through GoPro.com were 32% and 12% of our revenue for 2020 and 2019, respectively, and less than 10% of our total revenue for 2018.
Distribution
We sell to over 35 distributors who resell our products to retailers in international and domestic markets. We have
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dedicated sales personnel focused on providing a high level of service to these distributors, including assisting with product mix planning, channel marketing and in-store merchandising, development of marketing materials, order assistance and educating the distributors’ sales personnel about GoPro products.
In-store merchandising
Our in-store merchandising strategy focuses on our iconic GoPro-branded, video-enabled point of purchase (POP) merchandising displays that are located in nearly all retail outlets where our products are sold. These displays showcase GoPro videos and present our product ecosystem in a customer-friendly manner. Our larger retailers help us represent a broader range of GoPro products due to their in-store deployment of our larger and custom POP displays. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had approximately 22,000 and 29,000 POP displays, respectively, in retail outlets worldwide.
Marketing and advertising
Our marketing and advertising programs are focused on engaging consumers by exposing them to compelling GoPro content and educating them about new hardware features as well as the power of our solutions for software editing (mobile and desktop applications) and content management (GoPro). We believe this approach enhances our brand while demonstrating the performance, durability and versatility of our products. Our marketing and advertising efforts span a wide range of consumer interests and leverage both traditional consumer marketing and lifestyle marketing strategies.
Consumer marketing. Social media plays an important role in our consumer marketing strategy. Our consumers capture and share personal GoPro content on social media and content sharing platforms like Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, Vimeo and YouTube. At the end of 2020, we reached a total of 45.9 million lifetime followers. To date, we have reached over 6.6 billion views of content tagged #GoPro on TikTok and more than 3.2 billion views on GoPro’s YouTube channel. We also integrate user-generated content and GoPro originally produced content into advertising campaigns across various platforms including print, online, billboards and other out of home advertising, and at consumer and trade facing events. This content also supports our in-store channel marketing efforts, appearing on our POP displays and other in-store marketing materials. We continue to believe GoPro content remains a significant asset that builds awareness for our brand and products.
Lifestyle marketing. Our lifestyle marketing programs focus on expanding GoPro brand awareness by engaging consumers through relationships with key influencers, event promotions and other outreach efforts. We cultivate strong relationships with influential athletes, celebrities, entertainers and brands, all of whom use our products to create and share engaging content with their own fans and consumers.
Competition
The market for cameras is highly competitive and characterized by frequent product introductions and rapid technological advances. We believe the principal competitive factors impacting the market for our products include quality, reliability and user experience, price and performance, design innovation, brand recognition, marketing and distribution capability, service and support, and brand reputation.
We compete against established, well-known camera manufacturers such as Canon Inc. and Nikon Corporation, as well as large, diversified electronics companies such as, Samsung Electronics Co. and Sony Corporation and specialty companies such as Garmin Ltd., the Ricoh Company, Ltd., Shenzhen Arashi Vision Co., Ltd. and SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. We believe we compete favorably with these companies’ products. Our durable and versatile product design facilitates increased functionality and wearability, and we offer a variety of mounts and other accessories that enable a wide range of consumer use cases that are difficult for other competing products to address. Further, we offer many professional-grade features within our camera and 360-degree camera product offerings at attractive consumer price points, including our HyperSmooth 3.0 which is our most advanced stabilization ever and includes in-camera horizon leveling that keeps shots smooth and level, and for our 360 experience, MAX SuperView and PowerPano. MAX SuperView provides the widest view ever from a GoPro camera while PowerPano allows users to capture a 6.2mp, 270-degree panoramic photo with the push of one button and creates an artifact-free shot of action or movement. We also provide users with a suite of free mobile and desktop applications that enhance the overall GoPro experience. Moreover, we believe we have achieved significant brand recognition in our target vertical markets. We believe our years of experience working with active
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and influential consumers contributes to our ability to develop attractive products and establishes the authenticity of our brand, thereby differentiating us from current and potential competitors.
Smartphones and tablets with photo and video functionality have significantly displaced the market for traditional camera sales, and the makers of those devices also have mobile and other content editing applications and storage for content captured with those devices. Our GoPro app, GoPro subscription service and GoPro Player desktop editing application may not be as compelling a solution as those offered by other companies, such as Apple, Inc. and Google, although the GoPro app supports content from other platforms including content from iOS and Android. Also, it is possible that, in the future, the manufacturers of such devices, such as Apple, Google and Samsung, may continue to design their products for use in a range of conditions, including challenging physical environments and waterproof capabilities, or develop products with features similar to ours. In addition, new companies may emerge and offer competitive products directly in our category.
Intellectual property
Intellectual property is an important aspect of our business, and our practice is to seek protection for our intellectual property as appropriate. Our trademarks, including “GOPRO,” “HERO” and the GoPro logos, among others, are a critical component of the value of our business. In addition, we hold many issued and pending utility and design patents for innovations that help our consumers capture, create and share their content using our cameras, mounts, accessories and software. Our patents cover areas that include physical structures, image processing, operational firmware and software, post-processing software, distribution software, mount and accessory structures, as well as the ornamental aspects of our hardware and software products. As of December 31, 2020, we had approximately 885 issued patents and 393 patent applications pending in the United States, and 443 corresponding issued patents and 131 patent applications pending in foreign jurisdictions. Our issued United States patents will expire approximately between 2024 and 2039 and our issued foreign patents will expire approximately between 2022 and 2045. We cannot be certain that our patent applications will be issued or that any issued patents will provide us with any competitive advantage or will not be challenged by third parties. We continually review our development efforts to assess our innovations, including their patentability. We take active measures to protect our intellectual property against unauthorized third-party use, including misuse of our patents, copyrights, trademarks and other proprietary rights.
In addition to the foregoing protections, we generally control access to and use of our proprietary and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, including contractual protections in agreements with employees, contract manufacturers, distributors and others. Despite these protections, we may be unable to prevent third parties from using our intellectual property without our authorization, breaching any nondisclosure agreements with us, or independently developing products that are similar to ours, particularly in those countries where the laws do not protect our proprietary and intellectual property rights as fully as in the United States.
Human capital
We are continually investing in the engagement and retention of our global workforce by creating an inclusive workplace, providing market-competitive benefits to support our employees’ health and well-being, and fostering a learning environment in support of their growth and development. As of December 31, 2020, we employed 758 people.
Diversity and Inclusion
We are a company built on the foundation of a simple belief—“Be a HERO”—which means always bringing one’s best to any challenge or opportunity. This tenet is central to how we approach our work on diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging. We rolled out global training on interpersonal and systems bias to help employees do the internal work of understanding, recognizing, responding and preventing bias at all levels of our organization. Our CEO, Nicholas Woodman, also signed on to the Outdoor CEO Diversity Pledge, committing the Company to, over the coming years, increasing representation of underrepresented groups in our hiring, marketing and athlete rosters, as well as sharing our learnings with other outdoor brands as a catalyst for industry change.
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Employee Development and Training
We prioritize employee development and training, which we believe have a direct impact on employee growth, engagement, and retention. To support managers and individual contributors within the company, we provide training and development opportunities focused on remote working as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic through our online portal, Opportunity Lab. Opportunity Lab enables employees to access virtual instructor-led classrooms or self-directed web-based courses focused on topics such as the importance of using emotional intelligence in difficult times, leading change, understanding employee engagement, feedback, and career development planning. Our leadership development focuses on building trust and relationship with peers and sharing best practices by working in small cohorts in each session. We continue to optimize our organizational efficiency and collaboration by providing training on effective meeting management and how to recognize unconscious bias. We believe that employee development is a shared responsibility of employee and manager, and through both formal and informal methods (e.g., stretch assignments and peer-to-peer learning) we build trust and encourage knowledge sharing. Through our Career Conversations program, managers and employees reflect quarterly, guided by our company competency framework, on where they stand and where they need to put in more effort or increase their skills. We have a robust talent calibration and succession planning process to ensure we fill the talent pipeline and identify any skills gaps with development plans.
Corporate and available information
We were originally incorporated as Woodman Labs, Inc. in California and began doing business as GoPro in February 2004. We reincorporated in Delaware in December 2011 and in February 2014 we changed our name to GoPro, Inc. Our principal executive offices are located at 3025 Clearview Way, San Mateo, California 94402, and our telephone number is (855) 636-3578. We completed our initial public offering in July 2014 and our Class A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GPRO.” Our Class B common stock is not listed nor traded on any stock exchange.
We have registered and applied to register a number of trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the trademark offices of other countries including “GOPRO,” “HERO” and the GoPro logos. This Annual Report on Form 10-K also includes references to trademarks and service marks of other entities, and those trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners.
Our website address is www.gopro.com. Through a link on the Investor Relations section of our website, we make available the following filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC): our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. All such filings are available free of charge. The information posted on our website is not incorporated into this report. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding our filings at www.sec.gov.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described below and all other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K before making an investment decision. The risk factors below do not identify all risks that we face; our operations could also be affected by factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial to our operations. In that event, the trading price of our shares may decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment.
Risks related to our business and industry
We may not be able to achieve revenue growth or profitability in the future, and if revenue growth or profitability is achieved, we may not be able to sustain it.
Our historical results should not be considered as indicative of our future performance. For example, our annual revenue showed moderate growth from 2018 to 2019 from $1.148 billion to $1.195 billion, respectively. Our 2020 annual revenue of $891.9 million was negatively impacted by COVID-19. In future periods, we could experience
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declines in revenue, or revenue could remain flat or grow more slowly than we expect, which could have a material negative effect on our future operating results.
In addition, we incurred operating losses of $36.8 million, $2.3 million and $94.0 million for the full year 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Lower levels of revenue or higher levels of operating expense in future periods may result in additional losses or limited profitability. Since the fourth quarter of 2016, we implemented four company-wide restructurings of our business resulting in a reduction in our global workforce and the elimination of certain open positions, consolidation of certain leased office facilities, as well as the elimination of several high-cost initiatives, including the closure of our aerial products business, in order to focus our resources on cameras and accessories, and software and subscription services. We may not realize further or sustain cost savings from these previous actions. We may continue to incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including other risks described in this 2020 Annual Report, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors.
Our goal to grow revenue and be profitable is dependent upon our ability to grow our direct-to-consumer business. If we do not effectively grow our direct-to-consumer business while simultaneously reducing our reliance on our other sales channels, our business, financial condition, results of operations and path to profitability could be harmed.
Our ability to grow revenue and become profitable is dependent upon our ability to successfully implement certain strategic go to market initiatives. For example, some of our key strategic initiatives is to expand our direct-to-consumer presence through GoPro.com, expand our software and subscription services, and continue to work with key retail partners and distributors globally.
We depend upon effective sales channels, including our direct-to-consumer business through GoPro.com, to reach the consumers who are the ultimate purchasers of our products. We have converted portions of our distributors’ business into direct sales, and believe growing sales directly to our consumers will allow us to provide a best in class experience for online purchases. As we continue to convert distribution to direct sales, we might not be successful in that transition. Additionally, any reduction in sales or decreases in revenue by our current distributors and retailers or loss of key distributors or retailers could adversely affect our revenue, operating results and financial condition.
We depend on retailers to provide adequate and attractive space for our products and point of purchase displays in their stores and acquiesce to our policies. We further depend on our retailers to employ, educate and motivate their sales personnel to effectively sell our products. Based on our strategic initiative to increase our direct-to- consumer sales through GoPro.com, our retailers may decide not to adequately display our products, choose to reduce the space for our products and POP displays in their stores, or choose not to carry some or all of our products or promote competitors’ products over ours and as a result, our sales could decrease and impact our plan to become more profitable.
We may not be able to transition away from some distributor agreements as quickly as we would like as a result of contractual, regulatory or other restrictions and may encounter difficulties in the transition to a more focused direct-to-consumer model. Further, our distributors build inventory in anticipation of future sales, and if such sales do not occur as rapidly as they anticipate, our distributors may decrease the size of their future product orders.
We are also subject to the risks of our distributors and large retail customers encountering financial difficulties, which could impede their effectiveness and also expose us to financial risk if they are unable to pay for the products they purchase from us and we may not be able to collect our receivables, which would materially and adversely affect our profitability and cash flows from operations. This could cause our cash collections to decrease and bad debt expense to increase. While we may resort to alternative methods to pursue claims or collect receivables, these methods are expensive and time consuming, and successful collection is not guaranteed.
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The COVID-19 outbreak has had a material impact on the United States and global economies and could have a material adverse impact on our employees, suppliers, customers and end consumers, which could adversely and materially impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, a pandemic and public health emergency of international concern. Many federal, state and local governments, and private entities have mandated various restrictions, including travel restrictions, restrictions on public gatherings, stay at home orders and advisories, and quarantining of people who may have been exposed to the virus. At this point, we cannot reasonably estimate the duration and severity of this pandemic, including multiple waves of increased infections or variants of the coronavirus, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
As result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we accelerated a shift in our sales channel strategy to focus more on direct-to-consumer sales through GoPro.com, and implemented a restructuring plan in April 2020 to realign our workforce to areas of growth combined with certain cost saving measures. This restructuring plan aims to reduce future operating expenses, including a reduction of our global workforce by approximately 20% and the consolidation of certain leased office facilities. Execution of this restructuring plan may not achieve the results and savings we anticipate and our temporary cost saving measures may negatively affect employee morale and our future recruiting efforts.
We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. The extent of the impact will depend on the global severity of and actions taken to contain the outbreak, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable. A prolonged disruption or any further unforeseen delay in our operations or within any of our business activities could result in increased costs and reduced revenue.
The pandemic may adversely affect our customers, our employees and our employee productivity. It may also impact the ability of our contract manufacturers, vendors and suppliers to operate and fulfill their contractual obligations, and result in an increase in costs, tariffs, delays or disruptions in performance. These supply chain effects, the direct effect of the virus and the disruption on our employees and operations, may negatively impact both our ability to meet customer demand and our revenue and profit margins.
We might experience changes in consumer demand, particularly if GoPro product owners are restricted from participating in travel, adventure and sports activities that are often the subject of their use of our products and services and, as a result of the impacts on consumer discretionary spending resulting from the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy. Both the health and economic aspects of the COVID-19 virus are highly fluid, and the future course of each is uncertain and subject to change.
If our sales fall below our forecasts, especially during the holiday season, our overall financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Seasonal consumer shopping patterns significantly affect our business. We have traditionally experienced greater revenue in the fourth quarter of each year due to demand related to the holiday season, and in some years, including 2019, greater demand associated with the launch of new products heading into the holiday season. Fourth quarter revenue comprised 40%, 44% and 33% of our 2020, 2019 and 2018 revenue, respectively. Given the strong seasonal nature of our sales, appropriate forecasting is critical to our operations. We anticipate that this seasonal impact is likely to continue and any shortfalls in expected fourth quarter revenue due to macroeconomic conditions, any impact on consumer spending due to COVID-19 product release patterns, a decline in the effectiveness of our promotional activities, product mix, charges incurred against new products to support promotional activities, pricing pressures, supply chain disruptions, or for any other reason, including the fact that some retail locations may not be open for consumers due to COVID-19 restrictions, could cause our annual results of operations to suffer significantly. For example, due to a late stage production delay, our launch timing shifted for our HERO8 Black camera from Q3 2019 to Q4 2019 resulting in a material shift of revenue between Q3 2019 to Q4 2019. This product delay shortened the timeframe for holiday season sales and resulted in overall lower 2019 financial performance compared to our expectations.
In addition, we typically experience lower revenue in the first half of the year. For example, revenue of $253.6 million for the first half of 2020 decreased by $405.9 million, or 62%, compared to revenue of $659.5 million in the
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last half of 2019. First half revenue comprised 28%, 45% and 42% of our annual 2020, 2019 and 2018 revenue, respectively.
In contrast, a substantial portion of our expenses are personnel-related and include salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and incentive-based compensation plan expenses, which are not seasonal in nature. Furthermore, our customers may adjust their purchasing habits as a result of external events such as tariff avoidance or tariff impact that could result in a lower predictability of revenue. Accordingly, in the event of revenue shortfalls, we are generally unable to mitigate a negative impact on operating margins in the short term.
If the e-commerce technology systems that give our consumers the ability to shop with us online do not function effectively, our operating results, as well as our ability to grow our direct-to-consumer business and improve profitability, could be materially adversely affected.
Our sales through GoPro.com represent an increasing percentage of our revenue and we are focused on continuing to accelerate the growth of our e-commerce sales. Revenue from GoPro.com represented 33% of revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020.
Any failure to provide effective, reliable, user-friendly e-commerce platforms that offer a wide assortment of merchandise with rapid delivery options and that continually meet the changing expectations of online shoppers in many jurisdictions could place us at a competitive disadvantage, result in the loss of e-commerce and other sales, harm our reputation with consumers, have a material adverse impact on the growth of our e-commerce business globally and could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
Any system interruptions or delays to our e-commerce business could cause potential consumers to fail to purchase our products, and could harm our reputation and brand. The operation of our direct-to-consumer e-commerce business through GoPro.com depends on our ability to maintain an efficient and uninterrupted operation of online order-taking and fulfillment operations. Our e-commerce operations subject us to certain risks that could have an adverse effect on our operating results, including risks related to the technology systems that operate GoPro.com and related support systems, such as system failures, viruses, cyberattacks, computer hackers and similar disruptions, including disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, or the technology systems ability to accurately aggregate our total subscribers from different systems and the related revenue. If we or our designated third-party contractors and service providers are unable to maintain and upgrade GoPro.com, or if we encounter system interruptions or delays, our operating results could be adversely affected. We also sell in local currency on GoPro.com and we are subject to fluctuations in currency.
Our future growth depends in part on further penetrating our total addressable market, and we may not be successful in doing so.
Historically, the majority of our growth has been fueled by the adoption of our products by people looking to self-capture images of themselves participating in exciting physical activities. We believe that our future growth depends on continuing to reach and expand our core community of users, followers and fans, and then utilizing that energized community as brand ambassadors to an extended community.
We believe that in order to expand our market, we must provide both innovative and easy-to-use products, as well as intuitive and easy-to-use software tools and services that enable effortless editing and sharing of content, with the smartphone central to the GoPro experience. While we believe our software and subscription products will increase our total addressable market, we may not be able to acquire and retain subscribers and cannot be certain that these efforts will be successful, and as a result, we may not be able to increase our total addressable market. We may not be able to expand our market through this strategy on a timely basis, or at all, and we may not be successful in providing tools that our users adopt or believe are easy to use.
If we are not successful in broadening our user base to reach more of our core customers with integrated solutions, our future revenue growth will be negatively affected, and we may not recognize benefits from our investments in the various components of our storytelling solutions, and the marketing, sales and advertising costs associated with promoting these solutions. Additionally, we may not obtain the expected acquisition and retention benefits and our business may be adversely affected.
Our growth also depends on expanding the market with new capture perspectives with our 360-degree camera, MAX, which is a resource-intensive initiative in a highly competitive market, and by adding versatility to our
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products with expansion mods for HERO8 Black and HERO9 Black. While we are investing resources, including software development, sales and marketing, to reach these expanded and new consumer markets, we cannot be assured that we will be successful in doing so, including having adequate inventory to meet consumer demand. If we are not successful in penetrating additional markets, we might not be able to grow our revenue and we may not recognize benefits from our investment in new areas. For example, we made significant investments in the aerial market, but decided in the first quarter of 2018 to close our aerial business in light of difficult market and regulatory conditions, and margin challenges.
To remain competitive and stimulate consumer demand, we must effectively manage product introductions, product transitions, product pricing and marketing.
We believe that we must continually develop and introduce new products, enhance our existing products, and effectively stimulate consumer demand for new and upgraded products and services to maintain or increase our revenue. The markets for our products and services are characterized by intense competition, evolving distribution models, disruptive technology developments, short product life cycles, customer price sensitivity and frequent product introductions.
The success of new product introductions depends on a number of factors including, but not limited to, timely and successful research and development, pricing, market and consumer acceptance, the ability to successfully identify and originate product trends, effective forecasting and management of product demand, purchase commitments and inventory levels, availability of products in appropriate quantities to meet anticipated demand, ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our new products from third-party suppliers, management of any changes in major component suppliers, management of manufacturing and supply costs, management of risks associated with new product production ramp-up issues, and the risk that new products may have quality issues or other defects or bugs in the early stages of introduction including testing of new parts and features. Additionally, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we may not be able to accurately forecast consumer demand and inventory requirements and appropriately manage inventory to meet demand. With respect to management and supply costs, we may be impacted by heightened demand for specialty memory, components and batteries that are not supported by our manufacturing partners. Such supply shortages may affect our ability to manage appropriate supply levels of our products and pricing pressures may negatively affect our gross margins.
In addition, the introduction or announcement of new products or product enhancements may shorten the life cycle of our existing products or reduce demand for our current products, thereby offsetting any benefits of successful product introductions and potentially lead to challenges in managing inventory of existing products. For example, in 2017, the introduction of the HERO6 Black camera at $499, while keeping the price point of the HERO5 Black camera at $399, negatively affected consumer demand for HERO5 Black, and we ultimately reduced the price of HERO5 Black to increase channel sell through rates. The HERO5 Black price adjustment had a cascading effect that resulted in price reductions for HERO5 Session and ultimately HERO6 Black cameras. Reduced product margins resulting from lower price point products may decrease the number of retailers willing to offer and promote our product lineup. Failure to manage and complete product transitions effectively or in a timely manner could harm our brand and lead to, among other things, lower revenue, excess prior generation product inventory or a deficit of new product inventory and reduced profitability. For example, as a result of reducing the price of our HERO5 Black cameras in December 2017 and HERO6 Black cameras in January 2018, we incurred price protection and marketing development funds charges which resulted in a reduction in our revenue, gross margins and operating profits.
Additionally, our brand and product marketing efforts are critical to stimulating consumer demand. We market our products globally through a range of advertising and promotional programs and campaigns, including social media. If we do not successfully market our products or plan the right promotions for the right products at the right time, the lack of success or increased costs of promotional programs could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We depend on sales of our cameras, mounts and accessories for substantially all of our revenue, and any decrease in the sales or change in sales mix of these products could harm our business.
We expect to derive the majority of our revenue from sales of cameras, mounts and accessories for the foreseeable future. A decline in the price or unit demand for these products, whether due to a strategic shift in sales channel strategy and macroeconomic conditions, including variable tariff rates, competition or otherwise, or our inability to increase sales of higher price point products, would harm our business and operating results more seriously than it would if we derived significant revenue from a variety of product lines and services. In particular, a decline in the price or unit demand of our HERO camera line or MAX camera, or our inability to increase sales of these products, could materially harm our business and operating results. Further, any delays or issues with our new product launches could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, due to a late stage production delay, we shifted the launch of the GoPro HERO8 Black camera from Q3 2019 to Q4 2019 resulting in a material shift of revenue from Q3 2019 to Q4 2019. This product delay shortened the timeframe for holiday season sales and resulted in overall lower 2019 financial performance compared to our expectations.
Our research and development efforts are complex and require us to incur substantial expenses to support the development of our next generation cameras, editing applications and other products and services. Our research and development expenses were $131.6 million, $142.9 million and $167.3 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We expect that our research and development expenses will continue to be substantial in 2021 as we develop innovative technologies. Unanticipated problems in developing products could also divert substantial resources, which may impair our ability to develop new products and enhancements of existing products, and could further increase our costs. We may not be able to achieve an acceptable return, if any, on our research and development efforts, and our business may be adversely affected. As we continually seek to enhance our products, we will incur additional costs to incorporate new or revised features. We might not be able to, or determine that it is not in our interests to, raise prices to compensate for any additional costs.
While we have developed and released products and services to add to our offerings, we may not be successful in achieving future revenue growth driven by newly released products and services. For example, we promoted our GoPro subscription in connection with our HERO camera lineup and MAX camera, to allow consumers to auto upload content to the cloud and make edits within the GoPro app editing solution. If all the components of the storytelling solutions do not work together seamlessly or our users do not adopt them, they may not drive camera sales and our operating results could be adversely affected. In addition, we have been and will continue to expend resources to further innovate and deliver editing and sharing software solutions. If the software does not function as expected or users do not adopt our solution, sales of our cameras and GoPro subscriptions may be negatively affected. We cannot be assured that our investments in the development of software-related products and services will result in either increased revenue or profit. Changes in product mix may harm our financial results. If there is a shift in consumer demand from our higher-priced to lower-priced cameras without a corresponding increase in units sold, our revenues and gross profit could decrease and losses could result.
We rely on third-party suppliers, some of which are sole-source suppliers, to provide components for our products which may lead to supply shortages, long lead times for components, and supply changes, any of which could disrupt our supply chain and may increase our costs.
Our ability to meet customer demand depends, in part, on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of components for our products. All of the components that go into the manufacturing of our cameras and accessories are sourced from third-party suppliers.
Some of the key components used to manufacture our products come from a limited or single source of supply, or by a supplier that could potentially become a competitor. Our contract manufacturers generally purchase these components on our behalf from approved suppliers. We are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of these components and the risk that our suppliers discontinue or modify components used in our products. In addition, the lead times associated with certain components are lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules and could increase as a result of COVID-19. We have in the past experienced and may in the future experience component shortages, and the availability of these components may be unpredictable, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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If we lose access to components from a particular supplier or experience a significant disruption in the supply of products and components from a current supplier, we may be unable to locate alternative suppliers of comparable quality at an acceptable price, or at all, and our business could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if we experience a significant increase in demand for our products, our suppliers might not have the capacity or elect not to meet our needs as they allocate components to other customers. Developing suitable alternate sources of supply for these components may be time-consuming, difficult and costly, and we may not be able to source these components on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which may adversely affect our ability to meet our development requirements or to fill our orders in a timely or cost-effective manner.
Our reliance on single source, or a small number of suppliers involves a number of additional risks, including risks related to supplier capacity constraints, price increases, timely delivery, component quality, failure of a key supplier to remain in business and adjust to market conditions, delays in, or the inability to execute on, a supplier roadmap for components and technologies, and natural disasters, fire, acts of terrorism, pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, or other catastrophic events.
In particular, for our camera designs, we incorporate system on chips, sensors, lens, batteries and memory solutions that critically impact the performance of our products. These components have unique performance profiles, and, as a result, it is not commercially practical to support multiple sources for these components for our products. For example, we incorporate the GP1 system on chip from Socionext, Inc. in MAX as well as our HERO9, HERO8 and HERO7 Black cameras and rely on Socionext as the primary supplier of our system on chips. Developing next generation system on chips is a resource intensive process requiring increased investment to meet development schedules, which may impact future product schedules and overall margin expectations. If other suppliers of systems on chips become more advanced in performance or more competitive in cost, we may be placed at a disadvantage and not be able to continue improving our product performance as quickly or as competitively as planned or be able to achieve the product margins needed to be successful. We do not currently have alternative suppliers for several key components. In addition, our products also require passive components such as resistors and multi-layer ceramic capacitors, which may experience supply shortages and lengthening lead-times within the consumer electronics industry and may impact our supply chain. In the event that any of our key suppliers are unable to supply the components that we need to produce our products to meet anticipated customer demand, our business would be materially and adversely affected.
We operate in a highly competitive market and the size and resources of some of our competitors may allow them to compete more effectively than we can. New entrants also enter the digital imaging market category from time-to-time. These market factors could result in a loss of our market share and a decrease in our revenue and profitability.
The digital imaging market is highly competitive. Further, competition has intensified in digital imaging as new market entrants and existing competitors have introduced new products and more competitive offerings into our markets. Increased competition, tariffs, and changing consumer preferences may result in pricing pressures, reduced profit margins and may impede our ability to continue to increase the sales of our products or cause us to lose market share, any of which could substantially harm our business and results of operations.
We compete against established, well-known camera manufacturers such as Canon Inc. and Nikon Corporation, as well as large, diversified electronics companies such as Samsung Electronics Co. and Sony Corporation, and specialty companies such as Garmin Ltd., the Ricoh Company, Ltd., Shenzhen Arashi Vision Co., Ltd. and SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. Many of our competitors have substantial market share, diversified product lines, well-established supply and distribution systems, strong worldwide brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, research and development and other resources than we do. Additionally, many of our existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as longer operating histories; the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products; broader distribution and established relationships with channel partners or vertically integrated business units; access to larger established customer bases; greater resources to make acquisitions; larger intellectual property portfolios; and the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services. Further, new companies may emerge and offer competitive products directly in our category. We are aware that certain companies have developed cameras designed and packaged to appear similar to our products, which may confuse consumers or distract consumers from purchasing GoPro products.
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Moreover, smartphones and tablets with photo and video functionality have significantly displaced the market for traditional cameras, and the makers of those devices also have mobile and other content editing applications and storage for content captured with those devices. We continue to focus on the value proposition of the GoPro mobile application by introducing new features and benefits that we believe will enable customers to edit and share their content easily. Our software applications and GoPro subscription may not be as compelling as those offered by other companies, such as Apple, Adobe or Google, although the GoPro application supports content from other platforms including content from iOS and Android. Manufacturers of smartphones and tablets, such as Apple, Google and Samsung may continue to design their products for use in a range of conditions, including challenging physical environments and waterproof capabilities, or develop products with features similar to ours.
Our gross margins can vary significantly depending on multiple factors, which can result in unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results.
Our gross margins can vary due to consumer demand, competition, product pricing, product lifecycle, product mix, new product introductions, commodity, supply chain and logistics costs, currency exchange rates, trade policy and tariffs, and the complexity and functionality of new product innovations and other factors. For example, our gross margin was 35.3%, 34.6% and 31.5% for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In particular, if we are not able to introduce new products in a timely manner at the product cost we expect, or if consumer demand for our products is less than we anticipate, or if there are product pricing, marketing and other initiatives by our competitors to which we need to react or that are initiated by us to drive sales that lower our margins, then our overall gross margin will be less than we project. For example, due to a late stage production delay, we shifted the launch of the GoPro HERO8 Black camera from Q3 2019 to Q4 2019, resulting in a material shift of revenue from Q3 2019 to Q4 2019 and a corresponding impact on our gross margin.
As we innovate with new products, we may have lower gross margins that do not deliver a sufficient return on investment. In addition, depending on competition or consumer preferences, we may face higher up-front investments in development to compete or market our products, and increased inventory write-offs. If we are unable to offset these potentially lower margins by enhancing the margins in our product categories, our profitability may be adversely affected.
The impact of these factors on gross margins can create unanticipated fluctuations in our operating results, which may cause volatility in the price of our shares.
We depend on key personnel to operate and grow our business. If we are unable to attract, engage and retain qualified personnel, our ability to develop, transform and successfully grow and operate our business could be harmed.
We believe that our future success is highly dependent on the contributions of our CEO and our executive officers, as well as our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and experienced research and development, and other personnel in the United States and abroad. All of our employees, including our executive officers, are free to terminate their employment relationship with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry may be difficult to replace.
Since the fourth quarter of 2016, we implemented four global reductions-in-force and restructuring actions to reduce our operating expenses. These changes, and any future changes, in our operations and management team could be disruptive to our operations. Our restructuring actions and any future restructuring actions could have an adverse effect on our business as a result of decreases in employee morale and the failure to meet operational targets due to the loss of employees. If key employees leave, we may not be able to fully integrate new personnel or replicate the prior working relationships, and our operations could suffer as a result.
Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain them. While we utilize competitive salary, bonus and long-term incentive packages to recruit new employees, many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel also have greater resources than we do. Competition for qualified personnel is particularly intense in the San Francisco Bay Area, where our headquarters are located. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining highly skilled employees with appropriate qualifications. In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Fluctuations in the price of our Class A common stock may make it more difficult or costly to use equity
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compensation to motivate, incentivize and retain our employees. For example, during 2020, our closing stock price ranged from a high of $8.86 in the fourth quarter to a low of $2.01 in the first quarter. If we are unable to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, we may not be able to achieve our strategic objectives, and our business, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
Changes to trade agreements, trade policies, tariffs and import/export regulations may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The United States and other countries in which our products are produced or sold internationally have imposed and may impose additional quotas, duties, tariffs, or other restrictions or regulations, or may adversely adjust prevailing quota, duty, tariff levels, or export or other licensing requirements. Countries impose, modify and remove tariffs and other trade restrictions in response to a diverse array of factors, including global and national economic and political conditions, which make it impossible for us to predict future developments regarding tariffs and other trade restrictions. Trade restrictions, including tariffs, quotas, embargoes, safeguards and customs restrictions, could increase the cost or reduce the supply of products, including components and materials, available to us or may require us to modify our supply chain organization or other current business practices, any of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are dependent on international trade agreements and regulations. If the United States were to withdraw from or materially modify certain international trade agreements, our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.
We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities and rely on several contract manufacturers, including component vendors, located in China and in other countries to manufacture our products. Our contract manufacturer locations expose us to risks associated with doing business globally, including risks related to changes in tariffs or other export and import restrictions, and increased security costs. Additionally, the current United States administration continues to signal that it may continue to alter global trade agreements and terms. For example, the United States imposed additional tariffs on imports from China and continues to potentially impose other restrictions on exports from China to the United States. The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) recently identified certain Chinese imported goods for additional tariffs to address China’s trade policies and practices. Any announcement by the USTR to impose tariffs on GoPro cameras could have a material adverse effect on our United States bound production, business and results of our United States operations. If these duties are imposed on our cameras, we may be required to raise our prices, which may result in the loss of customers and harm our business and results of operations, or we may choose to pay for these tariffs without raising prices which may negatively impact our results of operations and profitability. Sales of our products in China are material to our business and represent a significant portion of our revenue. This revenue stream from China is at risk in the event China imposes retaliatory tariffs impacting in-bound sales of our products or imposes any other export restrictions on our products.
We continue to monitor manufacturing capabilities outside of China and may choose to pursue those capabilities to mitigate risks of additional tariffs, duties or other restrictions on our products and may decide to transition more manufacturing outside of China.
We face substantial risks related to inventory, purchase commitments and long-lived assets, and we could incur material charges related to these items that adversely affect our operating results.
To ensure adequate inventory supply and meet the demands of our retailers and distributors, we must forecast inventory needs and place orders with our contract manufacturers and component suppliers based on our estimates of future demand for particular products as well as accurately track the level of product inventory in the channel to ensure we are not in an over or under supply situation. To the extent we discontinue the manufacturing and sales of any products or services, we must manage the inventory liquidation, supplier commitments and customer expectations. For example, in 2018, we exited the aerial business, but still had inventory of our Karma drone, which we sold throughout 2018.
No assurance can be given that we will not incur additional charges in future periods related to our inventory management or that we will not underestimate or overestimate forecasted sales in a future period. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products is affected by many factors, including product introductions by us and our competitors, channel inventory levels, unanticipated changes in general market demand, macroeconomic
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conditions and consumer confidence. If we do not accurately forecast customer demand for our products, we may in future periods be unable to meet consumer, retailer or distributor demand for our products, or may be required to incur higher costs to secure the necessary production capacity and components, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
If we fail to manage our operating expenses effectively, our financial performance may suffer.
Our success will depend in part upon our ability to manage our operating expenses, including but not limited to our cash management, effectively. We incurred significant operating losses in 2020 and 2019 and, as of December 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $650.5 million. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2016 through the second quarter of 2020, we implemented four global reductions-in-force and other restructuring actions to reduce our operating expenses. Although we plan to seek to operate efficiently and to manage our costs effectively, we may not realize the cost savings expected from these actions.
We will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, reporting processes and procedures, and financial and business information systems. We are also investing in areas we believe will grow revenue and our operating expenses might increase as a result of these investments. If we are unable to operate efficiently and manage our costs, we may continue to incur significant losses in the future and may not be able to maintain or achieve profitability.
In the future, in response to unfavorable market conditions or consumer demand, we may again need to strategically realign our resources, adjust our product line and/or enact price reductions in order to stimulate demand, and implement additional restructurings and workforce reductions. For example, in the fourth quarter of 2017 and first quarter of 2018, we reduced the pricing on our entire camera product line to increase consumer demand, closed our aerial products business due to unfavorable market conditions, and implemented a workforce reduction. Any such actions may result in the recording of charges including inventory-related write-offs, or other restructuring costs. Additionally, our estimates with respect to the useful life or ultimate recoverability of our assets, including purchased intangible assets and tooling, could also change and result in impairment charges.
Security and data protection breaches and cyberattacks could disrupt our products, services, internal operations, or information technology systems, and any such disruption could reduce our expected revenue, increase our expenses, damage our reputation, and cause our stock price to decline significantly.
Our products, services and operating systems may contain unknown security vulnerabilities. For example, the firmware and software that are installed on our products may be susceptible to hacking or misuse. In addition, we offer a comprehensive online cloud management service through our GoPro subscription, which can be paired with our cameras. If malicious actors compromise the GoPro subscription, or if customer confidential information stored in the subscription is accessed without authorization, our business will be harmed.
In the ordinary course of our business, we electronically maintain sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and that of our customers and suppliers, and some personally identifiable information of our customers and employees in our facilities and on our networks. Through the GoPro subscription, users may store video and image files, including any telemetry or metadata that the user has chosen to associate with those files in the cloud. In our e-commerce services, we process, store and transmit consumer data. We also collect user data through certain marketing activities. For all of the foregoing internal and customer or consumer facing data and content collection, we collect and store that information in our or our third-party providers’ electronic systems. These systems may be targets of attacks, such as viruses, malware or phishing attempts by cyber criminals or other wrongdoers seeking to steal our users’ content or data, or our customer’s information for financial gain or to harm our business operations or reputation.
Any security breach, unauthorized access or usage, virus or similar breach or disruption of our systems, including web hosting services, billing and payment processing, or software could result in the loss of confidential information, costly investigations, remediation efforts and costly notification to affected consumers. If such content were accessed by unauthorized third parties or deleted inadvertently by us or third parties, our brand and reputation could be adversely affected. Cyberattacks could also adversely affect our operating results, consume internal resources and result in litigation or potential liability for us and otherwise harm our business. Further, we are subject to general consumer regulations and laws, as well as regulations and laws specifically related to
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security and privacy of consumer data or content. In the event of an incident affecting the security of consumer data or content, regulators may open an investigation or pursue fines or penalties for non-compliance with these laws, or private plaintiffs may sue us, resulting in additional costs and reputational harm to our business.
Interruptions with the cloud-based systems that we use in our operations, provided by an affiliate of Amazon.com, Inc. (Amazon), may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We host the GoPro app, the GoPro subscription, GoPro Awards, our website account sign up and login and firmware upgrades for our cameras using Amazon Web Services (AWS) data centers, a provider of cloud infrastructure services, and may in the future use other third-party cloud-based systems in our operations. Accordingly, our operations depend on protecting the virtual cloud infrastructure hosted in AWS by maintaining its configuration, architecture, features, and interconnection specifications, as well as the information stored in these virtual data centers and which third-party internet service providers transmit. Any incident affecting their infrastructure that may be caused by human error, fire, flood, severe storm, earthquake, or other natural disasters, cyberattacks, terrorist or other attacks, and other similar events beyond our control could negatively affect the GoPro subscription service. A prolonged AWS service disruption affecting our GoPro subscription for any of the foregoing reasons would negatively impact our ability to serve our consumers and could damage our reputation with current and potential consumers, expose us to liability, cause us to lose consumers, or otherwise harm our business. We may also incur significant costs for using alternative equipment or taking other actions in preparation for, or in reaction to, events that damage the AWS services we use. Further, if we were to make updates to the GoPro subscription that were not compatible with the configuration, architecture, features, and interconnection specifications of the third-party platform, our service could be disrupted.
In the event that our AWS service agreements are terminated, or there is a lapse of service, elimination of AWS services or features that we use, interruption of internet service provider connectivity, or damage to such facilities, we could experience interruptions in access to the GoPro subscription as well as significant delays and additional expense in arranging or creating new facilities and services and/or re-architecting our solutions for deployment on a different cloud infrastructure service provider, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Any significant cybersecurity incidents or disruption of our information systems, and our reliance on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) technologies from third parties, could adversely affect our business operations and financial results.
We are increasingly dependent on information systems to process transactions, manage our supply chain and inventory, ship goods on a timely basis, maintain cost-efficient operations, complete timely and accurate financial reporting, operate GoPro.com and respond to customer inquiries.
Our information systems and those of third parties we use in our operations are vulnerable to cybersecurity risk, including cyberattacks such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins that damage operating systems, and similar disruptions. Additionally, these systems periodically experience directed attacks intended to lead to interruptions and delays in our operations as well as loss, misuse or theft of data. The increase in remote working due to the COVID-19 pandemic may also result in heightened risks related to consumer privacy, network security and fraud. We have implemented physical, technical and administrative safeguards to protect our systems. To date, unauthorized users have not had a material effect on our systems; however, there can be no assurance that attacks will not be successful in the future. In addition, our information systems must be constantly updated, patched and upgraded to protect against known vulnerabilities and optimize performance. Material disruptions or slowdown of our systems, including a disruption or slowdown could occur if we are unable to successfully update, patch and upgrade our systems.
System disruptions, failures and slowdowns, whether caused by cyberattacks, update failures or other causes, could affect our financial systems and operations. This could cause delays in our supply chain or cause information, including data related to customer orders, to be lost or delayed which could result in delays in the delivery of merchandise to our stores and customers or lost sales, especially if the disruption or slowdown occurred during our seasonally strong fourth quarter. Any of these events could reduce demand for our products, impair our ability to complete sales through our e-commerce channels and cause our revenue to decline. If
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changes in technology cause our information systems to become obsolete, or if our information systems are inadequate to handle our growth, we could lose customers or our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
The information systems used by our third-party service providers are vulnerable to these risks as well. In particular, we are heavily reliant on SaaS enterprise resource planning systems to conduct our order and inventory management, e-commerce and financial transactions and reporting. In addition, we utilize third-party cloud computing services in connection with our business operations. Problems faced by us or our third-party hosting/cloud computing providers, or content delivery network providers, including technological or business-related disruptions, as well as cybersecurity threats, could adversely affect our business and operating results, our ability to accurately report our financial results, as well as the experience of our consumers, which in turn could adversely affect our business and operating results.
As we expand our operations, we expect to utilize additional systems and service providers that may also be essential to managing our business. Our ability to manage our business would suffer if one or more of our providers suffer an interruption in their business, or experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in their operations, or we have to change or add systems and services. While we conduct reasonable diligence on our service providers, we may not always be able to control the quality of the systems and services we receive from these providers, which could impair our ability to maintain appropriate internal control over financial reporting and complete timely and accurate financial reporting, and may affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our international business operations account for a significant portion of our revenue and operating expenses and are subject to challenges and risks.
Revenue from outside the United States comprised 52%, 64% and 65% of our revenue in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and we expect international revenue to continue to be significant in the future. Further, we currently have foreign operations in Australia, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, Netherlands, Philippines, Romania, United Kingdom and a number of other countries in Europe and Asia. Operating in foreign countries requires significant resources and considerable management attention, and we may enter new geographic markets where we have limited or no experience in marketing, selling, and deploying our products. International expansion has required and will continue to require us to invest significant funds and other resources and we cannot be assured our efforts will be successful. International sales and operations may be subject to risks such as:
•difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
•burdens of complying with a wide variety of laws and regulations, including environmental, packaging and labeling;
•adverse tax effects and foreign exchange controls making it difficult to repatriate earnings and cash;
•changes to the taxation of undistributed foreign earnings;
•the effect of foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, including any fluctuations caused by uncertainties relating to Brexit or the strengthening of the U.S. dollar;
•political, economic instability, or social unrest in a specific country or region in which we operate, including, for example, the effects of Brexit, which could have an adverse impact on our operations in that location;
•organized crime activity;
•terrorist activities, acts of war, natural disasters, and pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic;
•quarantines or other disruptions to our operations resulting from pandemics or other widespread public health problems;
•trade restrictions;
•differing employment practices and laws and labor disruptions;
•the imposition of government controls;
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•lesser degrees of intellectual property protection;
•tariffs and customs duties and the classifications of our goods by applicable governmental bodies;
•a legal system subject to undue influence or corruption; and
•a business culture in which illegal sales practices may be prevalent.
The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively affect our international business and consequently our business, operating results and financial condition.
A small number of retailers and distributors account for a substantial portion of our revenue, and if our relationships with any of these retailers or distributors were to be terminated or the level of business with them significantly reduced, our business could be harmed.
Our ten largest third-party customers, measured by the revenue we derive from them, accounted for 44%, 42% and 48% of our revenue in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. One retailer accounted for 10%, 11% and 13% of our revenue for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The loss of a small number of our large customers, or the reduction in business with one or more of our large customers, could have a significant adverse effect on our operating results. In addition, we may choose to temporarily or permanently stop shipping product to customers who do not follow the policies and guidelines in our sales agreements, which could have a material negative effect on our revenues and operating results. Our sales agreements with these large customers do not require them to purchase any meaningful amount of our products annually and we grant limited rights to return product to some of these large customers.
If we encounter problems with our distribution system, our ability to deliver our products to the market and to meet customer expectations could be harmed.
We rely on third-party distribution facilities and logistics operators for substantially all of our product distribution to distributors and directly to retailers. Our distribution facilities include computer controlled and automated equipment, which means their operations may be vulnerable to computer viruses or other security risks, the proper operation of software and hardware, electronic or power interruptions or other system failures. Further, because substantially all of our products are distributed from only a few locations and by a small number of companies, our operations could be interrupted by labor difficulties, extreme or severe weather conditions, pandemics, such as the continued spread of COVID-19, terrorism, political unrest, cyber-attacks, floods, fires or other natural disasters or events beyond our control near our distribution centers, or port shutdowns or other transportation-related interruptions, including security breaches along our distribution routes. Additionally, we use one primary supplier for the third-party distribution and if this supplier were to experience financial difficulties, cyber-attacks, or other types of interruption it could adversely affect our business.
Our success depends on our ability to maintain the value and reputation of our brand.
Our success depends on the value and reputation of our brand, including our primary trademarks “GOPRO,” “HERO,” and the GoPro logos. The GoPro brand is integral to the growth of our business and expansion into new markets. Maintaining, promoting and positioning our brand will largely depend on the success of our marketing and merchandising efforts, our ability to provide consistent, high quality products and services, and our consumers’ satisfaction with the technical support and software updates we provide. Failure to grow and maintain our brand or negative publicity related to our products, our consumers’ user-generated content, the athletes we sponsor, the celebrities we are associated with, or the labor policies of any of our suppliers or manufacturers could adversely affect our brand, business and operating results. Maintaining and enhancing our brand also requires substantial financial investments, although there is no guarantee that these investments will increase sales of our products or positively affect our operating results
We may be subject to warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, or we could experience greater returns from retailers than expected, which could harm our business and operating results.
We generally provide a 12-month warranty on all of our cameras, except in the European Union, or EU, where we provide a two-year warranty on all of our cameras. For certain mounts and accessories, where permitted, we provide a lifetime warranty. The occurrence of any material defects in our products could make us liable for
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damages and warranty claims in excess of our current reserves. In addition, we could incur significant costs to correct any defects, warranty claims or other problems, including costs related to product recalls. Any negative publicity related to the perceived quality and safety of our products could affect our brand image, decrease retailer, distributor and consumer confidence and demand, and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. Also, while our warranty is limited to repairs and returns, warranty claims may result in litigation, the occurrence of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. Based on our historical experience with our camera products, we have an established methodology for estimating warranty liabilities with respect to cameras and accessories.
We offer the GoPro subscription, which has a camera replacement benefit as part of the monthly or yearly subscription, which is available in the United States and internationally. Accidental damage coverage, extended warranties and other camera replacement benefits are regulated in the United States on a state level and are treated differently by each state. Additionally, outside the United States, regulations for camera replacement benefits vary from country to country. Changes in interpretation of the insurance regulations or other laws and regulations concerning extended warranties, accidental damage coverage or camera replacement benefits on a federal, state, local or international level may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to continue to offer the GoPro subscription in compliance with any similar laws adopted in other jurisdictions. Our failure to comply with past, present and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, reputational damage, penalties and other sanctions, which could harm our business and financial condition.
Consumers may be injured while engaging in activities with our products, and we may be exposed to claims, or regulations could be imposed, which could adversely affect our brand, operating results and financial condition.
Consumers use our cameras, drones and their associated mounts and accessories to self-capture their participation in a wide variety of physical activities, including extreme sports, which in many cases carry the risk of significant injury or death. Consumers may also use our drones for a wide range of flight activity, including aerial data collection, videography and photography. We may be subject to claims that users have been injured or harmed by or while using our products, including false claims or erroneous reports relating to safety, security or privacy issues, or that personal property has been damaged as a result of use of our drone. Although we maintain insurance to help protect us from the risk of such claims, such insurance may not be sufficient or may not apply to all situations. Similarly, proprietors of establishments at which consumers engage in challenging physical activities could seek to ban the use of our products in their facilities to limit their own liability. In addition, if lawmakers or governmental agencies were to determine that the use of our products increased the risk of injury or harm to all or a subset of our users or should otherwise be restricted to protect consumers, they may pass laws or adopt regulations that limit the use of our products or increase our liability associated with the use of our products. Any of these events could adversely affect our brand, operating results and financial condition.
If we encounter issues with our manufacturers or suppliers, our business, brand, and results of operations could be harmed and we could lose sales.
We do not have internal manufacturing capabilities and rely on several contract manufacturers, located primarily in China to manufacture our products. We cannot be certain that we will not experience operational difficulties with our manufacturers, including reductions in the availability of production capacity, errors in complying with product specifications, insufficient quality control, failures to meet production deadlines, increases in manufacturing costs and increased lead times. We also rely on a number of supply chain partners to whom we outsource activities related to inventory warehousing, order fulfillment, distribution and other direct sales logistics. Our supply chain partners are located in China, Czech Republic, Hong Kong, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore and a number of other countries in Europe and the Asia Pacific region. Our manufacturers and supply chain partners may experience disruptions in their operations due to equipment breakdowns, adding lines in a different country, labor strikes or shortages, transportation security vulnerabilities, natural disasters, component or material shortages, cyber-attacks, cost increases or other similar problems. Further, in order to minimize their inventory risk, our manufacturers might not order components from third-party suppliers with adequate lead time, thereby affecting our ability to meet our demand forecast. Therefore, if we fail to manage our relationship with our manufacturers
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and supply chain partners effectively, or if they experience operational difficulties, our ability to ship products to our retailers and distributors could be impaired and our competitive position and reputation could be harmed.
In the event that we receive shipments of products that fail to comply with our technical specifications or that fail to conform to our quality control standards, and we are not able to obtain replacement products in a timely manner, we risk revenue losses from the inability to sell those products, increased administrative and shipping costs, and lower profitability. Additionally, if defects are not discovered until after consumers purchase our products, they could lose confidence in the technical attributes of our products and our business could be harmed.
We do not control our contract manufacturers or suppliers, including their labor, environmental or other practices. Environmental regulations or changes in the supply, demand or available sources of natural resources may affect the availability and cost of goods and services necessary to run our business. We require our contract manufacturers and suppliers to comply with our formal supplier code of conduct and relevant standards and have ongoing audit programs in place to assess our suppliers’ compliance with our requirements. We periodically conduct audits of our contract manufacturers’ and suppliers’ compliance with our code of conduct, applicable laws and good industry practices. However, these audits may not be frequent or thorough enough to detect non-compliance. Deliberate violations of labor, environmental or other laws by our contract manufacturers or suppliers, or a failure of these parties to follow ethical business practices, could lead to negative publicity and harm our reputation or brand.
We may grow our business in part through acquisitions, joint ventures, investments and partnerships, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our operating results.
We have completed several acquisitions and may evaluate additional acquisitions of, or strategic investments in, other companies, products or technologies that we believe are complementary to our business. We also may enter into relationships with other businesses in order to expand the distribution of our product offerings, which could involve joint ventures, strategic alliances and partnerships. Negotiating these transactions can be time-consuming, difficult and expensive, and our ability to close these transactions may be subject to third-party or government approvals, which are beyond our control. Consequently, we can make no assurance that these transactions, once undertaken and announced, will close.
If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by users or investors. In addition, if we encounter difficulties assimilating or integrating the businesses, technologies, products, personnel, or operations of acquired companies, particularly if the key personnel of the acquired business choose not to work for us, or we have difficulty retaining the customers of any acquired business, the revenue and operating results of the combined company could be adversely affected. Acquisitions may disrupt our ongoing operations, divert management from their primary responsibilities, subject us to additional liabilities, increase our expenses and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. In addition, our original estimates and assumptions used in assessing any transaction may be inaccurate, including estimates of accounting charges. We have recorded significant goodwill and intangible assets in connection with our acquisitions, and in the future, if our acquisitions do not yield expected revenue, we may be required to take material impairment charges that could adversely affect our results of operations.
We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to enter into any such acquisition, joint venture, strategic alliances or partnership, which could affect our financial condition or the value of our capital stock. . Furthermore, acquisitions may require large one-time charges and can result in increased debt or contingent liabilities, adverse tax consequences, additional stock-based compensation expense and the recording and subsequent amortization or impairments of amounts related to certain purchased intangible assets, any of which could negatively affect our future results of operations. We cannot assure investors that the anticipated benefits of any acquisition or investment will be realized.
Failure to obtain new, and maintain existing, high-quality event, venue, athlete and celebrity sponsorships could harm our business.
Establishing relationships with high profile sporting and entertainment events, venues, sports leagues and sports associations, athletes and celebrity personalities to evaluate, promote and establish product credibility with
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consumers, including entering into sponsorship and licensing agreements, has and will continue to be a key element of our marketing strategy. However, as competition in our markets has increased, the costs of obtaining and retaining event, venue, athlete and celebrity sponsorships and licensing agreements have increased. Additionally, we may be forced to sign longer term sponsorships in order to retain relationships. If we are unable to maintain our current associations with our event, venue, athlete and celebrity partners, or to do so at a reasonable cost, we could lose the benefits of these relationships, and we may be required to modify and substantially increase our marketing investments. In addition, actions taken by endorsers of our products that harm their reputations could also harm our brand image with consumers. The failure to correctly identify high impact events and venues or build partnerships with those who develop and promote those events and venues, promising athletes or other appealing personalities to use and endorse our products, or poor performance by our endorsers, could adversely affect our brand and result in decreased sales of our products.
Catastrophic events or political instability could disrupt and cause harm to our business.
Our headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, an area susceptible to earthquakes. A major earthquake or other natural disaster, fire, threat of fire, act of terrorism, public health issues or other catastrophic event in California or elsewhere that results in the destruction or disruption of any of our critical business operations or information technology systems could severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our future operating results could be harmed. Our key manufacturing, supply and distribution partners have global operations including China, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore, Taiwan and the United States. Political instability, public health issues or other catastrophic events in any of those countries could adversely affect our business in the future, our financial condition and operating results.
Risks related to our intellectual property and technology licenses
Our intellectual property and proprietary rights may not adequately protect our products and services, and our business may suffer if it is alleged or determined that our technology, products, or another aspect of our business infringes third-party intellectual property or if third parties infringe our rights.
We own patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property (collectively “intellectual property”) related to aspects of our products, software, services and designs. Our commercial success may depend in part on our ability to obtain, maintain and protect these rights in the United States and abroad.
We regularly file patent applications to protect innovations arising from our research, development and design as we deem appropriate. We may fail to apply for patents on important products, services, technologies or designs in a timely fashion, or at all. We may not have sufficient intellectual property rights in all countries where unauthorized third-party copying or use of our proprietary technology occurs and the scope of our intellectual property might be more limited in certain countries. Our existing and future patents may not be sufficient to protect our products, services, technologies or designs and/or may not prevent others from developing competing products, services, technologies or designs. We cannot predict the validity and enforceability of our patents and other intellectual property with certainty.
We have registered, and applied to register, certain of our trademarks in several jurisdictions worldwide. In some of those jurisdictions, third-party filings exist for the same, similar or otherwise related products or services, which could block the registration of our marks. Even if we are able to register our marks, competitors may adopt or file similar marks to ours, seek to cancel our trademark registrations, register domain names that mimic or incorporate our marks, or otherwise infringe upon or harm our trademark rights. Although we police our trademark rights carefully, there can be no assurance that we are aware of all third-party uses or that we will prevail in enforcing our rights in all such instances. Any of these negative outcomes could affect the strength, value and effectiveness of our brand, as well as our ability to market our products. We have also registered domain names for websites, or URLs, that we use in our business, such as GoPro.com, as well as social media handles. If we are unable to protect our domain names or social media handles, our brand, business, and operating results could be adversely affected. Domain names or social media handles similar to ours have already been registered in the United States and elsewhere, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names or social media handles that infringe, are similar to, or otherwise decrease the value of, our trademarks. In addition, we
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might not be able to, or may choose not to, acquire or maintain trademark registrations, domain names, social media handles or other related rights in certain jurisdictions.
Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Initiating infringement proceedings against third parties can be expensive, take significant time, and divert management’s attention from other business concerns. We may not prevail in litigation to enforce our intellectual property against unauthorized use.
Third parties, including competitors and non-practicing entities, have brought intellectual property infringement claims against us, including the matter described in Note 9 Commitments, contingencies and guarantees to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We expect to continue to receive such intellectual property claims in the future. While we will defend ourselves vigorously against any such existing and future legal proceedings, we may not prevail against all such allegations. We may seek licenses from third parties where appropriate, but they could refuse to grant us a license or demand commercially unreasonable terms. Further, an adverse ruling in an intellectual property infringement proceeding could force us to suspend or permanently cease the production or sale of products/services, face a temporary or permanent injunction, redesign our products/services, rebrand our products/services, pay significant settlement costs, pay third-party license fees or damage awards or give up some of our intellectual property. The occurrence of any of these events may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash flows.
If we are unable to maintain or acquire rights to include intellectual property owned by others in the content distributed by us, our marketing, sales or future business strategy could be affected or we could be subject to lawsuits relating to our use of this content.
The distribution of GoPro content helps to market our brand and our products. If we cannot continue to acquire rights to distribute user-generated content or acquire rights to use and distribute music, athlete and celebrity names and likenesses or other content for our original productions or third-party entertainment distribution channels or for our software products, our marketing efforts could be diminished, our sales could be harmed and our future content strategy could be adversely affected. In addition, third-party content providers or owners may allege that we have violated their intellectual property rights. If we are unable to obtain sufficient rights, successfully defend our use of or otherwise alter our business practices on a timely basis in response to claims of infringement, misappropriation, misuse or other violation of third-party intellectual property rights, our business may be adversely affected. As a user and distributor of content, we face potential liability for rights of publicity and privacy, as well as copyright, or trademark infringement or other claims based on the nature and content of materials that we distribute. If we are found to violate such third-party rights, then our business may suffer.
We use open source software in our platform that may subject our technology to general release or require us to re-engineer our solutions, which may cause harm to our business.
We use open source software in connection with our services. From time to time, companies that incorporate open source software into their products have faced claims challenging the ownership of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. Therefore, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses require users who distribute or make available open source software as part of their software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software or make available any derivative works of the open source code on unfavorable terms or at no cost. While we monitor our use of open source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would require us to disclose the source code or that would otherwise breach the terms of an open source agreement, such use could nevertheless occur and we may be required to release our proprietary source code, pay damages for breach of contract, re-engineer our applications, discontinue sales in the event re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely basis or take other remedial action that may divert resources away from our development efforts, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.
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Risks related to regulatory compliance
We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations, particularly related to privacy, data protection and information security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could adversely affect our business and operating results.
Personal privacy, data protection and information security are significant issues in the United States and the other jurisdictions where we offer our products and services. The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Our handling of data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies, including the United States Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and various state, local and foreign bodies and agencies.
The United States federal and various state and foreign governments have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use and storage of personal information of individuals, including end-customers and employees. In the United States, the FTC and many state attorneys general are applying federal and state consumer protection laws to the online collection, use, processing, storage, deletion and dissemination of data. Additionally, many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including in Australia, the European Union, India, Japan and numerous other jurisdictions in which we operate or conduct our business, have laws and regulations concerning the collection, use, processing, storage and deletion of personal information obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction. These laws and regulations often are more restrictive than those in the United States. Such laws and regulations may require companies to implement new privacy and security policies, permit individuals to access, correct and delete personal information stored or maintained by such companies, inform individuals of security breaches that affect their personal information, and, in some cases, obtain individuals’ consent to collect and/or use personal information for certain purposes.
We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection and information security in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions, and we cannot yet determine the impact of such future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business. We expect that existing laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted differently in the future. For example, in November 2020, the California ballot initiative known as the Consumer Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) was passed. CPRA will come into effect in January 2023 (except for the CPRA’s right of access which will come into effect in January 2022), and will supersede the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) which went into effect in January 2020. When it goes into effect, CPRA will provide for a new privacy enforcement authority, additional data privacy rights for consumers in California and new operational requirements for companies doing business in California. Compliance with the new obligations imposed by the CPRA depends in part on how particular regulators interpret and apply them. If we fail to comply with the CCPA or CPRA or if regulators assert that we have failed to comply with the CCPA or CPRA, we may be subject to certain fines or other penalties. Also, there remains significant uncertainty surrounding the regulatory framework for the future of personal data transfers from the European Union to the United States with regulations such as the recently adopted General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) which imposes more stringent EU data protection requirements, provides an enforcement authority, and imposes large penalties for noncompliance. Compliance with the new obligations imposed by the GDPR depends in part on how particular regulators interpret and apply them. If we fail to comply with the GDPR or if regulators assert that we have failed to comply with the GDPR, we may be subject to fines of up to 4% of our worldwide annual revenue. Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, including the adoption of the GDPR, CCPA and CPRA, as well as changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could impair our ability to collect, use or disclose information relating to individuals, which could decrease demand for our products, require us to restrict our business operations, increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.
Although we are working to comply with those federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal obligations that apply to us, those laws, regulations, standards and obligations are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another, other requirements or legal obligations, our practices or the features of our products. As such, we cannot assure ongoing compliance with all such laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations and other legal obligations. Any failure or perceived failure by us to
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comply with federal, state or foreign laws or regulations, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations, or any actual or suspected security incident, whether or not resulting in unauthorized access to, or acquisition, release or transfer of personal information or other data, may result in governmental enforcement actions and prosecutions, private litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity and could cause our customers to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our reputation and business. Any inability to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales, and adversely affect our business and operating results.
We could be adversely affected by violations of the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the United Kingdom Bribery Act or similar anti-bribery laws in other jurisdictions in which we operate.
The global nature of our business and the significance of our international revenue create various domestic and local regulatory challenges and subject us to risks associated with our international operations. The United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010, or the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit United States based companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to non-United States officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business, directing business to another, or securing an advantage. In addition, United States public companies are required to maintain records that accurately and fairly represent their transactions and have an adequate system of internal accounting controls. Under the FCPA, United States companies may be held liable for the corrupt actions taken by directors, officers, employees, agents, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. As such, if we or our intermediaries fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar legislation, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose substantial civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, operating results and financial condition.
We operate in areas of the world that experience corruption by government officials to some degree and, in certain circumstances, compliance with anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws may conflict with local customs and practices. Our global operations require us to import and export to and from several countries, which geographically expands our compliance obligations. In addition, changes in such laws could result in increased regulatory requirements and compliance costs which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot be assured that our employees or other agents will not engage in prohibited conduct and render us responsible under the FCPA or the U.K. Bribery Act. While we have compliance programs, they may not be effective to prevent violations from occurring and employees may engage in prohibited conduct nonetheless. If we are found to be in violation of the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act or other anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws (either due to acts or inadvertence of our employees, or due to the acts or inadvertence of others), we could suffer criminal or civil penalties or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
If we fail to comply with environmental regulations and conflict minerals disclosures, our business, financial condition, operating results and reputation could be adversely affected.
We are subject to various federal, state, local and international environmental laws and regulations including laws regulating the manufacture, import, use, discharge and disposal of hazardous materials, labeling and notice requirements relating to potential consumer exposure to certain chemicals, and laws relating to the collection of and recycling of electrical and electronic equipment and their packaging.
We are also subject to the SEC’s conflict minerals rule which requires disclosure by public companies of the origin, source and chain of custody of specified minerals, known as conflict minerals, that are necessary to the functionality or production of products manufactured or contracted to be manufactured. We have and will continue to incur costs associated with complying with the rule, such as costs related to sourcing of certain minerals (or derivatives thereof), the determination of the origin, source and chain of custody of the minerals used in our products, the adoption of conflict minerals-related governance policies, processes and controls, and possible changes to products or sources of supply as a result of such activities. Within our supply chain, we may not be able to sufficiently verify the origins of the relevant minerals used in our products through the data collection and due diligence procedures that we implement, which may harm our reputation.
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Although we have policies and procedures in place requiring our contract manufacturers and major component suppliers to comply with applicable federal, state, local and international requirements, we cannot confirm that our manufacturers and suppliers consistently comply with these requirements. In addition, if there are changes to these or other laws (or their interpretation) or if new similar laws are passed in other jurisdictions, we may be required to re-engineer our products to use components compatible with these regulations. This re-engineering and component substitution could result in additional costs to us or disrupt our operations or logistics.
Changes in interpretation of any federal, state, local or international regulation may cause us to incur costs or have additional regulatory requirements to meet in the future in order to comply, or with any similar laws adopted in other jurisdictions. Our failure to comply with past, present and future similar laws could result in reduced sales of our products, substantial product inventory write-offs, reputational damage, penalties and other sanctions, which could harm our business and financial condition. We also expect that our products will be affected by new environmental laws and regulations on an ongoing basis. To date, our expenditures for environmental compliance have not had a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows and, although we cannot predict the future effect of such laws or regulations, they will likely result in additional costs and may increase penalties associated with violations or require us to change the content of our products or how they are manufactured, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
We are subject to governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that could subject us to liability and impair our ability to compete in international markets.
The United States and various foreign governments have imposed controls, export license requirements and restrictions on the import or export of some technologies. Our products are subject to United States export controls, and exports of our products must be made in compliance with various economic and trade sanctions laws. Furthermore, United States export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the provision of products and services to countries, governments and persons targeted by United States sanctions. Even though we take precautions to prevent our products from being provided to targets of United States sanctions, our products, including our firmware updates, could be provided to those targets or provided by our customers. Any such provision could have negative consequences, including government investigations, penalties and reputational harm. Our failure to obtain required import or export approval for our products could harm our international and domestic sales and adversely affect our revenue.
We could be subject to future enforcement action with respect to compliance with governmental export and import controls and economic sanctions laws that result in penalties, costs, and restrictions on export privileges that could have a material effect on our business and operating results.
Risks related to our need for additional capital
We may not be able to secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet our future capital needs.
In the future, we may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, challenges, acquisitions or unforeseen circumstances and may determine to engage in equity or debt financings or enter into credit facilities for other reasons. We may not be able to timely secure additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. For example, our current credit facility contains restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, and any debt financing obtained by us in the future could involve further restrictive covenants, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. Further, even if we are able to obtain additional financing, we may be required to use such proceeds to repay a portion of our debt. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt or other equity-linked securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing under our credit facility, or alternative sources, when we require it, our ability to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. In the event additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all.
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Risks related to ownership of our Class A common stock
Our stock price has been and will likely continue to be volatile.
Since shares of our Class A common stock were sold in our IPO in July 2014 at a price of $24.00 per share, our closing stock price has ranged from $2.01 to $93.85 per share through December 31, 2020. Our stock price may fluctuate in response to a number of events and factors, such as quarterly operating results; changes in our financial projections provided to the public or our failure to meet those projections; the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC; significant transactions, or new features, products or services offered by us or our competitors; changes in our business lines and product lineup; changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts; media coverage of our business and financial performance; the operating and stock price performance of, or other developments involving, other companies that investors may deem comparable to us; trends in our industry; any significant change in our management; sales and purchases of any Class A common stock issued upon conversion of our convertible senior notes or in connection with the prepaid forward contract entered into in connection with our 2022 convertible senior notes, and general economic conditions. These factors, as well as the volatility of our Class A common stock, could also affect the price of our convertible senior notes.
In addition, the stock market in general, and the market prices for companies in our industry, have experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to operating performance. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance. Price volatility over a given period may cause the average price at which we repurchase our own stock to exceed the stock’s price at a given point in time. Volatility in our stock price also affects the value of our equity compensation, which affects our ability to recruit and retain employees. In addition, some companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We have been subject to past shareholder class action lawsuits as well as derivative lawsuits and may continue to be a target for such litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and liability and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could harm our business. See Note 9 Commitments, contingencies and guarantees, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion on legal proceedings.
If we fail to meet expectations related to future growth, profitability, or other market expectations, our stock price may decline significantly, which could have a material adverse effect on investor confidence and employee retention. A sustained decline in our stock price and market capitalization could lead to impairment charges.
The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with our CEO and we cannot predict the effect our dual class structure may have on our stock price or our business.
Our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Stockholders who hold shares of Class B common stock hold approximately 70.2% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock as of December 31, 2020 with Mr. Woodman, our Chairman and CEO, holding approximately 70.1% of the outstanding voting power. Mr. Woodman is able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transaction. This concentrated control could delay, defer, or prevent a change of control, merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets that our other stockholders support, or conversely this concentrated control could result in the consummation of such a transaction that our other stockholders do not support. This concentrated control could also discourage a potential investor from acquiring our Class A common stock due to the limited voting power of such stock relative to the Class B common stock and might harm the trading price of our Class A common stock.
In addition, we cannot predict whether our dual class structure, combined with the concentrated control by Mr. Woodman, will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. In July 2017, FTSE Russell announced that it plans to require new constituents of its indexes to have greater than 5% of the company’s voting rights in the hands of public stockholders, and S&P Dow Jones announced that it will no longer admit companies with multiple-class share structures to certain of its indexes. Because of our dual class structure, we may be excluded
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from these indexes and we cannot assure you that other stock indexes will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.
If securities analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.
Delaware law and provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our status as a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change in control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that may make the acquisition of our company more difficult without the approval of our board of directors, or otherwise adversely affect the rights of the holders of our Class A and Class B common stock, including the following:
•our board of directors is not currently classified, but at such time as all shares of our Class B common stock have been converted into shares of our Class A common stock, our board of directors will be classified into three classes of directors with staggered three-year terms;
•so long as any shares of our Class B common stock are outstanding, special meetings of our stockholders may be called by the holders of 10% of the outstanding voting power of all then outstanding shares of stock, a majority of our board of directors, the chairman of our board of directors or our chief executive officer;
•when no shares of our Class B common stock are outstanding, only the chairman of our board of directors, our chief executive officer or a majority of our board of directors will be authorized to call a special meeting of stockholders;
•our stockholders may only take action at a meeting of stockholders and not by written consent;
•vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by our board of directors and not by stockholders;
•directors may be removed from office with or without cause so long as our board of directors is not classified, and thereafter directors may be removed from office only for cause;
•our restated certificate of incorporation provides for a dual class common stock structure in which holders of our Class B common stock have the ability to control the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets;
•our restated certificate of incorporation authorizes undesignated preferred stock, the terms of which may be established, and shares of which may be issued, by our board of directors without stockholder approval and which may contain voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to those of our Class A and Class B common stock; and
•advance notice procedures apply for stockholders to nominate candidates for election as directors or to bring matters before an annual meeting of stockholders.
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Risks related to our convertible senior notes
We have indebtedness in the form of convertible senior notes.
In November 2020, we completed an offering of $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025 (2025 Notes). As a result of the 2025 Notes, we incurred an additional $143.8 million principal amount of indebtedness, the principal amount of which we may be required to pay at maturity in 2025.
In April 2017, we completed an offering of $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50% convertible senior notes due 2022 (2022 Notes, together with the 2025 Notes, the Notes). As a result of this 2022 Notes offering, we incurred $175.0 million principal amount of indebtedness. We repurchased $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes in November 2020, and may be required to repay the remaining principal amount of $125.0 million at maturity in 2022.
Holders of the Notes will have the right to require us to repurchase their Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, the indentures for the Notes provides that we are required to repay amounts due under such indenture in the event that there is an event of default for the Notes that results in the principal, premium, if any, and interest, if any, becoming due prior to Maturity Date for the Notes. There can be no assurance that we will be able to repay our indebtedness when due, or that we will be able to refinance our indebtedness, all or in part, on acceptable terms. In addition, our indebtedness could, among other things:
•heighten our vulnerability to adverse general economic conditions and heightened competitive pressures;
•require us to dedicate a larger portion of our cash flow from operations to interest payments, limiting the availability of cash for other purposes;
•limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and industry; and
•impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate purposes or other purposes.
In addition, our ability to purchase the Notes or repay prior to maturity any accelerated amounts under the Notes upon an event of default or pay cash upon conversions of the Notes may be limited by law, by regulatory authority or by agreements governing our indebtedness outstanding at the time, including our credit facility. Our credit facility restricts our ability to repurchase the Notes for cash or repay prior to maturity any accelerated amounts under the Notes upon an event of default or pay cash upon conversion of the Notes to the extent that on the date of such repurchase, repayment or conversion, as the case may be, after giving pro forma effect to such payment, our remaining borrowing capacity pursuant to such credit facility falls below (i) to the extent that our fixed charge coverage ratio is at least to 1.0, the greater of (A) $37.5 million and (B) 15% of the lesser of the aggregate commitments under such credit facility and the aggregate borrowing base then in effect or (ii) to the extent that our fixed charge coverage ratio is less than 1.0 to 1.0, the greater of (A) $50.0 million and (B) 20% of the lesser of the aggregate commitments under such credit facility and the aggregate borrowing base then in effect.
Any of our future indebtedness may contain similar restrictions. Our failure to repurchase the Notes at a time when the repurchase is required by the indentures (whether upon a fundamental change or otherwise under the indentures) or pay cash payable on future conversions of the Notes as required by the indentures would constitute a default under the indentures. A default under the indentures or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our existing or future indebtedness, including our credit facility. If the repayment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness, repurchase the Notes or make cash payments upon conversions thereof.
Our credit facility imposes restrictions on us that may adversely affect our ability to operate our business.
Our credit facility contains restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, our credit facility contains, and the agreements governing the Notes will contain, a cross-default provision whereby a default under one agreement would likely result in cross defaults under agreements covering other borrowings. For example, the occurrence of a default
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with respect to any indebtedness or any failure to repay debt when due in an amount in excess of $25 million would cause a cross default under the indenture governing the 2022 Notes, as well as under our credit facility. The occurrence of a default under any of these borrowing arrangements would permit the holders of the Notes or the lenders under our credit facility to declare all amounts outstanding under those borrowing arrangements to be immediately due and payable. If the Note holders or the trustee under the indentures governing the Notes or the lenders under our credit facility accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient assets to repay those borrowings.
Conversion of the Notes will, to the extent we deliver shares upon conversion of such Notes, dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders, including holders who had previously converted their Notes, or may otherwise depress our stock price.
The conversion of some or all of the Notes will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we deliver shares upon conversion of any of the Notes. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Notes may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Notes could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the Notes into shares of our common stock could depress our stock price.
The conditional conversion feature of the Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, holders of the Notes will be entitled to convert the Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Notes, unless we elect to satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering solely shares of our common stock (other than cash in lieu of any fractional share), we would be required to settle a portion or all of our conversion obligation through the payment of cash, which could adversely affect our liquidity. In addition, even if holders of the Notes do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.
The accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Notes, may have a material effect on our reported financial results.
Under GAAP, an entity must separately account for the debt component and the embedded conversion option of convertible debt instruments that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion, such as the Notes we are offering, in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of the accounting treatment for such instruments is that the value of such embedded conversion option would be treated as original issue discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Notes, and that original issue discount is amortized into interest expense over the term of the Notes using an effective yield method. As a result, we will be required to record a greater amount of non-cash interest expense because of the amortization of the original issue discount to the Notes’ face amount over the term of the Notes and because of the amortization of the debt issuance costs.
Accordingly, we will report lower net income (or greater net loss) in our financial results because of the recognition of both the current period’s amortization of the debt discount and the Notes’ coupon interest, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results, the trading price of our common stock and the trading price of the Notes.
In addition, convertible debt instruments (such as the Notes) that may be settled entirely or partly in cash are currently accounted for utilizing the if-converted method, the effect of which is that conversion will not be assumed for purposes of computing diluted income (loss) per share if the effect would be antidilutive. Under the if-converted method, for diluted income (loss) per share purposes, convertible debt is antidilutive whenever its interest, net of tax and nondiscretionary adjustments, per common share obtainable on conversion exceeds basic income (loss) per share. Dilutive securities that are issued during a period and dilutive convertible securities for which conversion options lapse, or for which related debt is extinguished during a period, will be included in the denominator of diluted income (loss) per share for the period that they were outstanding. Likewise, dilutive convertible securities converted during a period will be included in the denominator for the period prior to actual
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conversion. Moreover, interest charges applicable to the convertible debt will be added back to the numerator. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will continue to permit the use of the if-converted method. If we are unable to use the if-converted method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes, then our diluted income (loss) per share would be adversely affected.
In addition, if the conditional conversion feature of the Notes is triggered, even if holders do not elect to convert their Notes, we could be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of our net working capital.
The prepaid forward may affect the value of the 2022 Notes and our common stock and may result in unexpected market activity in the 2022 Notes and/or our common stock.
In connection with the issuance of the 2022 Notes, we entered into a prepaid forward with a forward counterparty. The prepaid forward is intended to facilitate privately negotiated derivative transactions by which investors in the 2022 Notes will be able to hedge their investment. In connection with establishing its initial hedge of the prepaid forward, the forward counterparty (or its affiliate) entered into or expects to enter into one or more derivative transactions with respect to our Class A common stock with purchasers of the 2022 Notes concurrently with or after the offering of the 2022 Notes. The prepaid forward is intended to reduce the dilution to our stockholders from the issuance of our Class A common stock (if any) upon conversion of the 2022 Notes and to allow certain investors to establish short positions that generally correspond to commercially reasonable initial hedges of their investment in the 2022 Notes. In addition, the forward counterparty (or its affiliate) may modify its hedge position by entering into or unwinding one or more derivative transactions with respect to our Class A common stock and/or purchasing or selling our Class A common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions at any time, including following the offering of the 2022 Notes and immediately prior to or shortly after April 15, 2022, the Maturity Date of the 2022 Notes (and are likely to unwind their derivative transactions and/or purchase or sell our Class A common stock in connection with any conversion or repurchase of the 2022 Notes, in connection with the purchase or sale of Notes by certain investors and/or in the event that sufficient borrow of our Class A common stock becomes available). These activities could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our Class A common stock or the Notes.
The prepaid forward initially facilitated privately negotiated derivative transactions relating to our Class A common stock, including derivative transactions by which investors in the 2022 Notes established short positions relating to our Class A common stock to hedge their investments in the 2022 Notes concurrently with, or shortly after, the placement of the 2022 Notes. Neither we nor the forward counterparty control how such investors may use such derivative transactions. In addition, such investors may enter into other transactions in connection with such derivative transactions, including the purchase or sale of our Class A common stock, at any time. As a result, the existence of the prepaid forward, such derivative transactions, and any related market activity could cause more sales of our Class A common stock over the term of the prepaid forward than there would have otherwise been had we not entered into the prepaid forward. Such sales could potentially affect the market price of our Class A common stock and/or the 2022 Notes.
The Capped Call transactions may affect the value of the 2025 Notes and our Class A Common Stock.
In connection with the pricing of the 2025 Notes, we entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions, or Capped Calls, with one or more financial institutions. The Capped Calls are expected generally to reduce the potential economic dilution to holders of our Class A common stock upon any conversion of the 2025 Notes, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap.
In connection with establishing their initial hedge of the Capped Call, the capped call counterparties have advised the Company that they and/or their respective affiliates expect to purchase shares of Class A common stock and/or enter into various derivative transactions with respect to the Class A common stock concurrently with, or shortly after, the pricing of the 2025 Notes.
In addition, the capped call counterparties and/or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our Class A common stock and/or purchasing or selling our Class A common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the 2025 Notes (and are likely to do so during any observation period related to a conversion of the 2025 Notes
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or following an repurchase of the 2025 Notes by the Company on any fundamental change repurchase date or otherwise). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our Class A common stock or the 2025 Notes.
The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the trading price of our Class A common stock or the 2025 Notes will depend in part on market conditions. Any of these activities could adversely affect the trading price of our Class A common stock or the 2025 Notes.
The fundamental change repurchase feature of the Notes may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial attempt to take over our company.
The terms of the Notes require us to repurchase the Notes in the event of a fundamental change. A takeover of our company would trigger an option of the holders of the Notes to require us to repurchase the Notes. In addition, if a make-whole fundamental change occurs prior to the Maturity Date of the Notes, we will in some cases be required to increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its Notes in connection with such make-whole fundamental change. Furthermore, the indentures for the Notes prohibits us from engaging in certain mergers or acquisitions unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the Notes. These and other provisions of the indentures may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of our company.
We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the prepaid forward and Capped Calls.
We will be subject to the risk that the forward counterparty and capped call counterparties might default under the prepaid forward and Capped Calls, respectively. Our exposure to the credit risk of the forward counterparty and capped call counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. Global economic conditions have in the recent past resulted in, and may again result in, the actual or perceived failure or financial difficulties of many financial institutions. If the forward counterparty or capped call counterparties becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings, with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under our transactions with the forward counterparty and/or capped call counterparties. Our exposure will depend on many factors, but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in the market price of our Class A common stock. In addition, upon a default by the forward counterparty and/or capped call counterparties, we may suffer more dilution than we currently anticipate with respect to our Class A common stock. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of the forward counterparty to the prepaid forward or the capped call counterparties to the Capped Calls.
General Risk Factors
An economic downturn or economic uncertainty in our key United States and international markets, as well as fluctuations in currency exchange rates may adversely affect consumer discretionary spending and demand for our products.
Factors affecting the level of consumer spending include general market conditions, macroeconomic conditions, tax rates, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates, and other factors such as consumer confidence, the availability and cost of consumer credit, levels of unemployment and a reduction in consumer spending or disposable income resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of whether the United States government provides economic stimulus that may affect us more significantly than companies in other industries and companies with more diversified products. Additionally, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union (Brexit) has created economic and political uncertainty, including volatility in global financial markets and the value of foreign currencies. The impact of Brexit depends on the terms of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union and such impact may not be fully realized for several years. The majority of our sales occur in U.S. dollars and an increase in the value of the dollar against the Euro and other currencies could increase the real cost to consumers of our products in those markets outside the United States. For example, in countries where we sell in local currency, we are subject to exchange rate fluctuations that create inherent risks for us and may cause us to adjust pricing which may make our products more or less favorable to the consumer. If global economic conditions are volatile or if economic conditions deteriorate, consumers may delay or reduce purchases of our products resulting in consumer demand for our products that may not reach our sales targets. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar and/or weakness in the economies of Euro zone countries could adversely impact sales of our products in the European region, which would have a material negative impact on
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our future operating results. Our sensitivity to economic cycles and any related fluctuation in consumer demand could adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Our effective tax rate and the intended tax benefits of our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements depend on the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions and on how we operate our business.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various jurisdictions outside the United States. Our effective tax rate could fluctuate due to changes in the mix of earnings and losses in countries with differing statutory tax rates. For example, our effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates. Our tax expense could also be affected by changes in non-deductible expenses, changes in excess tax benefits related to exercises and vesting of stock-based expense, and the applicability of withholding taxes.
Due to economic and political conditions, tax rates in various jurisdictions may be subject to significant change. Our future effective tax rate could be unfavorably affected by changes in the tax rates in jurisdictions where our income is earned, by changes in, or our interpretation, of tax rules and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we do business, by unanticipated decreases in the amounts of jurisdictional earnings, or by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. The United States, the European Commission, countries in the European Union, Australia, and other countries where we do business have been considering changes in relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations and interpretations, including changes to tax laws applicable to corporate multinationals. These potential changes could adversely affect our effective tax rates or result in additional tax expense and other costs to us.
In addition, we are subject to the examination of our income tax returns by the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and other domestic and foreign tax authorities. These tax examinations are expected to focus on our intercompany transfer pricing practices as well as other matters. We regularly assess the likelihood of outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes and other taxes and have reserved for adjustments that may result from the current examinations. We cannot provide assurance that the final determination of any of these examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial position.
If we are unable to maintain effective internal control in the future, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements, which could adversely affect our investors’ confidence and our stock price.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are required to evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will continue to place significant demands on our financial and operational resources, as well as IT systems.
While we have determined that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020, we must continue to monitor and assess our internal control over financial reporting. Our control environment may not be sufficient to remediate or prevent future material weaknesses or significant deficiencies from occurring. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Due to the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and all instances of fraud will be detected.
If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of our Class A common stock could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
38

Our reported financial results may be negatively impacted by the changes in the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and may even affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement or effectiveness of a change. Other companies in our industry may apply these accounting principles differently than we do, which may affect the comparability of our consolidated financial statements.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies and estimates prove to be incorrect, our operating results could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in this 2020 Annual Report in the section titled Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our operating results may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our operating results to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in our stock price. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include those related to revenue recognition (including sales incentives, sales returns and implied post contract support), inventory valuation, product warranty liabilities, the valuation, impairment and useful lives of long-lived assets (property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, intangible assets and goodwill), the fair value of our convertible senior notes, and income taxes.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
As of December 31, 2020, we leased office facilities around the world totaling approximately 366,000 square feet, including approximately 201,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters in San Mateo, California. All of our properties are currently leased. We believe our existing facilities are adequate to meet our current requirements. If we were to require additional space, we believe we will be able to obtain such space on acceptable, commercially reasonable terms. See Note 9 Commitments, contingencies and guarantees, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information about our lease commitments.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Refer to Legal proceedings and investigations included in Part II, Item 8, Note 9 Commitments, contingencies and guarantees, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
39

PART II
Item 5. Market for the Company’s Common Shares, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information. Our Class A common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “GPRO.” Our Class B common stock is not listed nor traded on any stock exchange.
Holders. As of January 31, 2021, there were 176 holders of record of our Class A common stock and 27 holders of record of our Class B common stock.
Dividends. We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock and do not currently intend to pay any cash dividends on our Class A or Class B common stock in the foreseeable future.
Performance graph. The graph below compares the cumulative total return on our Class A common stock with that of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Consumer Durables Index. The graph assumes $100 was invested (with reinvestment of all dividends, as applicable) at the close of market on December 31, 2015 in the Class A common stock of GoPro, Inc., the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Consumer Durables Index, and its relative performance is tracked through December 31, 2020. Note that historic stock price performance is not intended to be indicative of future stock price performance.
40

Sales of unregistered securities. During the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have not sold any equity securities that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Issuer purchases of equity securities.
On October 22, 2020, 8.8 million shares out of the 9.2 million shares of Class A common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward entered into as part of our 2022 Notes were early settled and delivered to us. There was no financial statement impact due to the return of shares; however, shares outstanding for corporate law purposes were reduced by the early settlement.
No shares of our Class A or Class B common stock were purchased during the fourth quarter of 2020.
41

Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
The information set forth below for the five years ended December 31, 2020 is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

| Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (1) |  | 2017 (1) |  | 2016 (1)
Consolidated statements of operations data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue | $ | 891,925 |  |  | $ | 1,194,651 |  |  | $ | 1,148,337 |  |  | $ | 1,179,741 |  |  | $ | 1,185,481 |
Gross profit | $ | 314,514 |  |  | $ | 412,789 |  |  | $ | 361,434 |  |  | $ | 384,530 |  |  | $ | 461,920 |
Gross margin | 35.3 | % |  | 34.6 | % |  | 31.5 | % |  | 32.6 | % |  | 39.0 | %
Operating loss | $ | (36,819) |  |  | $ | (2,333) |  |  | $ | (93,962) |  |  | $ | (163,460) |  |  | $ | (372,969) |
Net loss | $ | (66,783) |  |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | $ | (109,034) |  |  | $ | (182,873) |  |  | $ | (419,003) |
Net loss per share - basic and diluted | $ | (0.45) |  |  | $ | (0.10) |  |  | $ | (0.78) |  |  | $ | (1.32) |  |  | $ | (3.01) |
Other financial information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (2) | $ | 43,200 |  |  | $ | 71,958 |  |  | $ | 21,778 |  |  | $ | (31,368) |  |  | $ | (192,807) |
Non-GAAP net income (loss) (3) | $ | 12,779 |  |  | $ | 35,255 |  |  | $ | (31,909) |  |  | $ | (95,867) |  |  | $ | (201,247) |
Non-GAAP diluted income (loss) per share | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | (0.23) |  |  | $ | (0.69) |  |  | $ | (1.44) |

(1) The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2019, and adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and ASU 2016-16 Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory on January 1, 2018. Prior periods were not adjusted for the adoption of these standards.
(2) We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude the impact of provision for income taxes, interest income, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, point of purchase (POP) display amortization, stock-based compensation, intangible asset impairment charges, loss on extinguishment of debt, and restructuring and other costs, including right-of-use asset impairment charges.
(3) We define non-GAAP net income as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation, acquisition-related costs, restructuring and other costs, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, non-cash interest expense, gain on sale and license of intellectual property, loss on extinguishment of debt and income tax adjustments. Acquisition-related costs include the amortization of acquired intangible assets and impairment charges (if applicable), as well as third-party transaction costs for legal and other professional services.
See Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Item 7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional information and a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA, net income (loss) to non-GAAP net income (loss), and shares used in the calculation of non-GAAP diluted income (loss) per share.

| As of December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 (1) |  | 2017 (1) |  | 2016 (1)
Consolidated balance sheet data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 325,654 |  |  | $ | 165,148 |  |  | $ | 197,512 |  |  | $ | 247,390 |  |  | $ | 217,953 |
Inventory | 97,914 |  |  | 144,236 |  |  | 116,458 |  |  | 150,551 |  |  | 167,192 |
Working capital | 293,991 |  |  | 208,925 |  |  | 174,574 |  |  | 203,156 |  |  | 157,074 |
Total assets | 771,399 |  |  | 792,803 |  |  | 698,359 |  |  | 850,246 |  |  | 922,640 |
Total indebtedness | 218,172 |  |  | 148,810 |  |  | 138,992 |  |  | 130,048 |  |  | — |
Total stockholders’ equity | 216,018 |  |  | 233,529 |  |  | 212,112 |  |  | 298,705 |  |  | 446,945 |

(1) The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2019, and adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), and ASU 2016-16 Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory on January 1, 2018. Prior periods were not adjusted for the adoption of these standards.
42

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A)
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including but not limited to, those discussed in Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This MD&A is organized as follows:
•Overview. Discussion of our business and overall analysis of financial and other highlights affecting the Company in order to provide context for the remainder of MD&A.
•Components of Our Results of Operations. Description of the items contained in each revenue, cost of revenue and operating expense caption in the consolidated statements of operations.
•Results of Operations. Analysis of our financial results comparing 2020 to 2019 is presented below. An analysis of our financial results comparing 2019 to 2018 can be found under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Part II, Item 7 in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on February 14, 2020, which is available free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and our Investor Relations website at https://investor.gopro.com.
•Liquidity and Capital Resources. Analysis of changes in our balance sheets and cash flows, and discussion of our financial condition and potential sources of liquidity.
•Contractual Commitments. Overview of our contractual obligations, including expected payment schedules and indemnifications as of December 31, 2020.
•Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. Accounting estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results and forecasts.
•Non-GAAP Financial Measures. A reconciliation and discussion of our GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures.
Overview
GoPro helps the world capture and share itself in immersive and exciting ways. We are committed to developing solutions that create an easy, seamless experience for consumers to capture, create, and share engaging personal content. When consumers use our products and services, they often generate and share content that organically increases awareness for GoPro, driving a virtuous cycle and a self-reinforcing demand for our products. We believe revenue growth may be driven by the introduction of new cameras, accessories, lifestyle gear, and software and subscription offerings. We believe new camera features drive a replacement cycle among existing users and attract new users, expanding our total addressable market. Our investments in image stabilization, mobile app editing and sharing solutions, modular accessories, auto-upload capabilities, local language user-interfaces and voice recognition in more than 12 languages drive the expansion of our global market.
In 2020, we began shipping our HERO9 Black flagship camera which features a 23.6MP sensor that provides stunning 5K video, the highest resolution ever for a HERO camera, 20MP photos and HyperSmooth 3.0 video stabilization. The HERO9 Black camera also features a new front-facing display, a larger rear touch display, an extended battery life, new Power Tools, TimeWarp 3.0, SuperPhoto, live streaming, webcam mode, built-in mounting, cloud connectivity and voice control. HyperSmooth 3.0 is our most advanced stabilization ever and includes in-camera horizon leveling that keeps shots smooth and level. TimeWarp Video 3.0 features Real Speed, which allows users to slow down footage to real speed and capture audio while recording, and Half Speed, which allows users to slow down footage even more for epic slow motion. Webcam Mode enables users to connect their HERO9 Black camera to a computer with the included USB-C cable to use the camera as a 1080p high-definition wide-angle webcam. We also introduced new Power Tools including HindSight, Scheduled Capture and Duration
43

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Capture to help users capture the perfect shot. HindSight allows users to capture and save up to 30 seconds of video before the shutter button is pressed. Scheduled Capture allows users to set up their cameras to automatically capture photos or videos up to 24 hours in advance and Duration Capture allows users to set their HERO9 Black to record for a specified length of time. In addition, we introduced a Max Lens Mod accessory that brings Max HyperSmooth video stabilization and Max SuperView’s ultra wide-angle photo and video to the HERO9 Black camera. Our HERO9 Black, HERO8 Black, HERO7 Black, HERO7 Silver and MAX cameras are compatible with our ecosystem of mountable and wearable accessories. The GoPro subscription includes unlimited cloud storage supporting source video and photo quality, camera replacement and damage protection, access to a high-quality live streaming service on GoPro.com as well as discounts on GoPro gear, mounts and accessories.
In December 2019, reports of a potentially deadly virus began to surface and in March 2020, the World Health Organization (the WHO) characterized the deadly virus, now called COVID-19, as a pandemic. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our financial condition or results of operations remains uncertain and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in our results of operations and overall financial performance until future periods. In the first quarter of 2020, we temporarily closed all of our offices and required most of our employees to work remotely. These changes remained largely in effect in the fourth quarter of 2020 and in most locations, we plan on maintaining closed offices through the middle of 2021. At this point, the duration and impact, if any, of these and any additional operational changes we may implement is uncertain, but changes we have implemented have not affected and are not expected to affect our ability to maintain operations, including financial reporting systems, internal control over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures. See section Item 1A Risk Factors for further discussion of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.
The following is a summary of measures presented in our consolidated financial statements and key metrics used to evaluate our business, measure our performance, develop financial forecasts and make strategic decisions.

(units and dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | Q4 2020 |  |  |  | Q4 2019 |  |  |  | % Change |  | FY 2020 |  | FY 2019 |  | % Change
Revenue | $ | 357,772 |  |  |  | $ | 528,345 |  |  |  | (32) | % |  | $ | 891,925 |  |  | $ | 1,194,651 |  |  | (25) | %
Camera units shipped (1) | 1,108 |  |  |  |  | 1,857 |  |  |  |  | (40) | % |  | 2,820 |  |  | 4,260 |  |  | (34) | %
Gross margin (2) | 38.0 | % |  |  |  | 38.2 | % |  |  |  | (20) bps |  | 35.3 | % |  | 34.6 | % |  | 70 bps
Operating expenses | $ | 80,728 |  |  |  |  | $ | 105,725 |  |  |  |  | (24) | % |  | $ | 351,333 |  |  | $ | 415,122 |  |  | (15) | %
Net income (loss) | $ | 44,413 |  |  |  |  | $ | 95,820 |  |  |  |  | (54) | % |  | $ | (66,783) |  |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | 356 | %
Diluted net income (loss) per share | $ | 0.28 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  |  |  | (57) | % |  | $ | (0.45) |  |  | $ | (0.10) |  |  | 350 | %
Cash provided by (used in) operations | $ | 106,253 |  |  |  |  | $ | 88,251 |  |  |  |  | 20 | % |  | $ | 93,782 |  |  | $ | (24,444) |  |  | (484) | %
Other financial information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted EBITDA (3) | $ | 67,744 |  |  |  |  | $ | 112,092 |  |  |  |  | (40) | % |  | $ | 43,200 |  |  | $ | 71,958 |  |  | (40) | %
Non-GAAP net income (4) | $ | 61,064 |  |  |  |  | $ | 102,498 |  |  |  |  | (40) | % |  | $ | 12,779 |  |  | $ | 35,255 |  |  | (64) | %
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share | $ | 0.39 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  |  |  | (44) | % |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | (67) | %

(1) Represents the number of camera units that are shipped during a reporting period, net of any returns.
(2) One basis point (bps) is equal to 1/100th of 1%.
(3) We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude the impact of provision for income taxes, interest income, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, point of purchase (POP) display amortization, stock-based compensation, intangible asset impairment charges, loss on extinguishment of debt, and restructuring and other costs, including right-of-use asset impairment charges.
(4) We define non-GAAP net income (loss) as net income (loss) adjusted to exclude stock-based compensation, acquisition-related costs, restructuring and other costs, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, non-cash interest expense, gain on sale and license of intellectual property, loss on extinguishment of debt and income tax adjustments. Acquisition-related costs include the amortization of acquired intangible assets and impairment charges (if applicable), as well as third-party transaction costs for legal and other professional services.
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GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Reconciliations of non-GAAP adjusted measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are presented under Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
Full year and fourth quarter 2020 financial performance
Revenue was $891.9 million for the full year 2020 compared to $1.195 billion in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began surfacing in December 2019, unfavorably impacted our financial performance in 2020 as certain retailers temporarily closed. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we accelerated a shift in our sales channel strategy to focus on direct-to-consumer sales through GoPro.com. In the second half of 2020, revenue improved significantly with the launch of our HERO9 Black camera and strong holiday sales through GoPro.com, and we generated $208.3 million in cash flow from operations, reflecting our transition to a more efficient and profitable direct-to-consumer business. The gross margin percentage for 2020 was 35.3%, up from 34.6% in 2019. The year-over-year margin percentage improvement was primarily due to a favorable sales mix, partially offset by an increase in logistics related expenses and sales incentives. We shipped 2.8 million camera units in 2020, compared to 4.3 million camera units in 2019; however our average selling price in 2020 was $316, or a 13% increase from 2019. The increase in our average selling price was primarily due to cameras sold with a suggested retail price equal to or greater than $300, which represented 89% of our camera revenue mix in 2020, and growth in GoPro subscribers to 761,000 as of December 31, 2020 or a 145% increase year-over-year. Average selling price is defined as total revenue divided by the number of camera units shipped.
Our fourth quarter of 2020 financial results reflected the shift in our sales channel strategy to focus on direct-to-consumer sales through GoPro.com. Comparisons of our fourth quarter of 2020 financial performance to the same period in 2019 were impacted by a late stage production delay resulting in the launch of HERO8 Black in the fourth quarter of 2019 as opposed to the launch of HERO9 Black in the third quarter of 2020. Revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020 was $357.8 million compared to $528.3 million in the same period in 2019, while the gross margin percentage was 38.0% in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to 38.2% in the same period in 2019. The slight decrease in the gross margin percentage was primarily due to an increase in tariff and logistics related charges. In the fourth quarter of 2020, revenue from GoPro.com increased 91% year-over-year. Revenue from GoPro.com in the fourth quarter of 2020 was $116.4 million, or 33% of total revenue, compared to $61.1 million, or 12% of total revenue in the same period in 2019. We shipped 1.1 million camera units in the fourth quarter of 2020, compared to 1.9 million camera units in the same period in 2019. Our average selling price was $323, representing a 14% increase year-over-year. The increase in our average selling price was primarily due to cameras sold with a suggested retail price equal to or greater than $300, which represented 91% of our camera revenue mix in the fourth quarter of 2020, and growth in GoPro subscribers.
Our fourth quarter of 2020 and full year of 2020 operating expenses decreased 23.6% and 15.4%, respectively, primarily attributable to our continued focus on cost management and the cost reductions recognized from our restructuring actions.
We were profitable on a GAAP and non-GAAP basis in the fourth quarter of 2020 with net income of $44.4 million and $61.1 million, respectively. For the full year of 2020, we incurred a net loss of $66.8 million on a GAAP basis but were profitable on a non-GAAP basis with net income of $12.8 million.
Factors affecting performance
We believe that our future success will be dependent on many factors, including those further discussed below. While these areas represent opportunities for us, they also represent challenges and risks that we must successfully address in order to operate our business and improve our results of operations.
Driving profitability through improved efficiency, lower costs and better execution. We incurred operating losses in 2020, 2019, and 2018. However, our restructuring actions have significantly reduced our on-going operating expenses in 2020, 2019, and 2018, resulting in a flatter, more efficient global organization that has allowed for improved communication and better alignment among our functional teams. Primarily as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we took additional restructuring actions in April 2020 to further reduce our operating expenses in marketing, sales, and general and administrative functions, and to reduce our global facility footprint. Operating expense reductions related to research and development were minor in order to protect our product roadmap and innovation. Additionally, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we accelerated a shift in our sales channel strategy to reduce the number of distributors and retailers that we work with to focus more on direct-to-consumer sales through GoPro.com. Revenue from GoPro.com for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
45

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
was $282.6 million and $141.1 million, respectively, and represented 31.7% and 11.8% of revenue, respectively. The growth in revenue from GoPro.com contributed to the increase in gross margin, which was 35.3% and 34.6% for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, revenue from retailers represented 68.3% and 88.2% of total revenue, respectively. If we are unable to generate adequate revenue growth, particularly in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, successfully implement our direct-to-consumer sales model, or continue to manage our expenses, we may incur significant losses in the future and may not be able to achieve profitability.
Investing in research and development and enhancing our customer experience. Our performance is significantly dependent on the investments we make in research and development, including our ability to attract and retain highly skilled and experienced research and development personnel. We expect the timing of new product releases to continue to have a significant impact on our revenue and we must continually develop and introduce innovative new cameras, mobile applications and other new offerings. We plan to further build upon our integrated mobile and cloud-based storytelling solutions, and subscription offerings. Our investments, including those for marketing and advertising, may not successfully drive increased revenue and our customers may not accept our new offerings. If we fail to innovate and enhance our brand, our products, our integrated storytelling solutions, the value proposition of our subscriptions, our market position and revenue will be adversely affected. Further, we have incurred substantial research and development expenses and if our efforts are not successful, we may not recover the value of these investments.
Improving Profitability. We believe that shifting the way we sell, and focusing on growing our direct-to-consumer sales and subscription services will accelerate our ability to achieve profitability due to an improved margin structure and lower operating expenses to support this shift in channel, particularly in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of this shift toward direct sales, we believe we can reach profitability with lower overall unit sales. We continue to believe that international markets represent a significant opportunity to achieve profitability. While the total market for digital cameras has continued to decline as smartphone and tablet camera quality has improved, we continue to believe that our consumers’ differentiated use of GoPro cameras, our integrated storytelling solutions, our continued innovation of product features desired by our users, and our brand, all help support our business from many of the negative trends facing this market. However, we expect that the markets in which we conduct our business will remain highly competitive as we face new product introductions from competitors. We will continue to leverage the brand recognition of our Company to increase our global presence through GoPro.com with the active promotion of our brand, the expansion of localized products in international markets with region-specific marketing, and an investment focus on the biggest opportunities.
Our profitability also depends on expanding our subscription service offerings. If we are not successful in our shift to a direct-to-consumer sales model, expanding our product and subscription offerings and increasing our paid subscriber base, we might not be able to become consistently profitable and we may not recognize benefits from our investment in new areas.
Marketing the improved GoPro experience. We intend to focus our marketing resources to increase traffic, improve the consumer experience on GoPro.com, and further improve brand recognition. Historically, our growth has largely been fueled by the adoption of our products by people looking to self-capture images of themselves participating in exciting physical activities. Our goal of maintaining profitability depends on continuing to reach, expand and re-engage with this core user base in alignment with our strategic priorities. Sales and marketing investments will often occur in advance of any sales benefits from these activities, and it may be difficult for us to determine if we are efficiently allocating our resources in this area.
Seasonality. Historically, we have experienced the highest levels of revenue in the fourth quarter of the year, coinciding with the holiday shopping season, particularly in the United States and Europe. While we have implemented operational changes aimed at reducing the impact of fourth quarter seasonality on full year performance, timely and effective product introductions and forecasting, whether just prior to the holiday season or otherwise, are critical to our operations and financial performance.
46

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Components of our Results of Ope rations
Revenue. Our revenue is primarily comprised of product sales and subscription services, net of returns and sales incentives. Revenue is derived from the sale of our cameras and accessories directly to retailers, through our network of domestic and international distributors, and on GoPro.com. See Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates and Note 1 Summary of business and significant accounting policies, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding revenue recognition.
Cost of revenue. Our cost of revenue primarily consists of product costs, including costs of contract manufacturing for production, third-party logistics and procurement costs, warranty repair costs, tooling and equipment depreciation, excess and obsolete inventory write-downs, amortization of acquired developed technology, license fees, tariffs and certain allocated costs related to our manufacturing team, facilities, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, and personnel-related expenses.
Operating expenses. We classify our operating expenses into three categories: research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative.
Research and development. Our research and development expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation and employee benefits. Research and development expense also includes consulting and outside professional services costs, materials, and allocated facilities, restructuring, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, depreciation and other supporting overhead expenses associated with the development of our product and service offerings.
Sales and marketing. Our sales and marketing expense consists primarily of advertising and marketing promotions of our products and services, and personnel-related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation and employee benefits. Sales and marketing expense also includes point of purchase (POP) display expenses and related amortization, sales commissions, trade show and event costs, sponsorship costs, consulting and contractor expenses, and allocated facilities, restructuring, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, depreciation and other supporting overhead expenses.
General and administrative. Our general and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including salaries, stock-based compensation and employee benefits for our finance, legal, human resources, information technology and administrative personnel. The expense also includes professional service costs related to accounting, tax, legal services, and allocated facilities, restructuring, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, depreciation and other supporting overhead expenses.
47

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth the components of our Consolidated Statements of Operations for each of the periods presented, and each component as a percentage of revenue:

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 891,925 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,194,651 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,148,337 |  |  | 100 | %
Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 577,411 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 781,862 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 786,903 |  |  | 69 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 314,514 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 412,789 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 361,434 |  |  | 31 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 131,589 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 142,894 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 167,296 |  |  | 15 |
Sales and marketing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 151,380 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 206,431 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 222,096 |  |  | 19 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68,364 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 65,797 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 66,004 |  |  | 6 |
Total operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 351,333 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 415,122 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 455,396 |  |  | 40 |
Operating loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (36,819) |  |  | (5) |  |  | (2,333) |  |  | — |  |  | (93,962) |  |  | (9) |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20,257) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (19,229) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (18,683) |  |  | (1) |
Other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,881) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2,492 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,970 |  |  | — |
Total other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (25,138) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (16,737) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (13,713) |  |  | (1) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (61,957) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (19,070) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (107,675) |  |  | (10) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,826 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (4,428) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 1,359 |  |  | — |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (66,783) |  |  | (7) | % |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | (1) | % |  | $ | (109,034) |  |  | (10) | %

48

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Revenue

(camera units and dollars in thousands, except average selling price) |  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
|  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Camera units shipped |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,820 |  |  | 4,260 |  |  | 4,337 |  |  | (34) | % |  | (2) | %
Average selling price |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 265 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 6 |
GoPro.com |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 282,557 |  |  | $ | 141,149 |  |  | $ | 100,641 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 40 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31.7 | % |  | 11.8 | % |  | 8.8 | % |  |  |  |
Retail |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 609,368 |  |  | $ | 1,053,502 |  |  | $ | 1,047,696 |  |  | (42) |  |  | 1 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68.3 | % |  | 88.2 | % |  | 91.2 | % |  |  |  |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 891,925 |  |  | $ | 1,194,651 |  |  | $ | 1,148,337 |  |  | (25) | % |  | 4 | %
Americas |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 483,331 |  |  | $ | 523,975 |  |  | $ | 494,797 |  |  | (8) | % |  | 6 | %
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 54.2 | % |  | 43.9 | % |  | 43.1 | % |  |  |  |
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 218,670 |  |  | $ | 359,187 |  |  | $ | 366,438 |  |  | (39) |  |  | (2) |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24.5 | % |  | 30.0 | % |  | 31.9 | % |  |  |  |
Asia and Pacific (APAC) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 189,924 |  |  | $ | 311,489 |  |  | $ | 287,102 |  |  | (39) |  |  | 8 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21.3 | % |  | 26.1 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  |  |  |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 891,925 |  |  | $ | 1,194,651 |  |  | $ | 1,148,337 |  |  | (25) | % |  | 4 | %

2020 Compared to 2019. Revenue was $891.9 million in 2020 compared to $1.195 billion in 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic, which began surfacing in December 2019, unfavorably impacted our financial performance in the first half of 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we accelerated a shift in our sales channel strategy to focus on direct-to-consumer sales through GoPro.com. Revenue in the second half improved significantly with the launch of our HERO9 Black camera and strong holiday sales through GoPro.com. Revenue from GoPro.com was $282.6 million, or 32% of total revenue in 2020, compared to 12% of total revenue in 2019. We shipped 2.8 million camera units in 2020, compared to 4.3 million camera units in 2019; however our average selling price in 2020 was $316, which was a 13% increase from 2019. The increase in our average selling price was primarily due to cameras sold with a suggested retail price equal to or greater than $300, which represented 89% of our camera revenue mix in 2020, and growth in GoPro subscribers to 761,000 as of December 31, 2020 or a 145% increase year-over-year. Average selling price is defined as total revenue divided by the number of camera units shipped.
Cost of revenue and gross margin

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 570,064 |  |  | $ | 772,088 |  |  | $ | 772,136 |  |  | (26) | % |  | — | %
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,548 |  |  | 1,902 |  |  | 1,954 |  |  | (19) |  |  | (3) |
Acquisition-related costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,598 |  |  | 7,818 |  |  | 11,434 |  |  | (41) |  |  | (32) |
Restructuring costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 1,379 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | (96) |
Total cost of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 577,411 |  |  | $ | 781,862 |  |  | $ | 786,903 |  |  | (26) | % |  | (1) | %
Gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35.3 | % |  | 34.6 | % |  | 31.5 | % |  | 70 bps |  | 310 bps

2020 Compared to 2019. Gross margin of 35.3% in 2020 increased from 34.6% in 2019, or 70 bps, primarily due to a favorable camera revenue mix, 657 bps, and growth in our subscription services, 43 bps, partially offset by higher operational expenses, (326) bps, higher sales incentives, (249) bps, and higher average camera costs, (53) bps.
49

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Research and development

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Research and development |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 110,112 |  |  | $ | 125,142 |  |  | $ | 134,866 |  |  | (12) | % |  | (7) | %
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,415 |  |  | 17,167 |  |  | 19,636 |  |  | (22) |  |  | (13) |
Restructuring costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,062 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 12,794 |  |  | 1,278 |  |  | (95) |
Total research and development |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 131,589 |  |  | $ | 142,894 |  |  | $ | 167,296 |  |  | (8) | % |  | (15) | %
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14.8 | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | 14.6 | % |  |  |  |

2020 Compared to 2019. The year-over-year decrease of $11.3 million, or 8%, in total research and development expenses in 2020 compared to 2019 reflected a $9.6 million decrease in cash-based personnel-related costs due to a reduction in global research and development headcount, a $3.8 million decrease in stock-based compensation, a $3.2 million decrease in depreciation and other supporting overhead expenses, and a $2.0 million decrease in travel related expenses, partially offset by a $7.5 million increase in restructuring costs.
Sales and marketing

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Sales and marketing |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 134,917 |  |  | $ | 198,074 |  |  | $ | 207,346 |  |  | (32) | % |  | (4) | %
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,779 |  |  | 8,043 |  |  | 9,459 |  |  | (28) |  |  | (15) |
Restructuring costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,684 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 5,291 |  |  | 3,303 |  |  | (94) |
Total sales and marketing |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 151,380 |  |  | $ | 206,431 |  |  | $ | 222,096 |  |  | (27) | % |  | (7) | %
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17.0 | % |  | 17.3 | % |  | 19.3 | % |  |  |  |

2020 Compared to 2019. The year-over-year decrease of $55.1 million, or 27%, in total sales and marketing expenses in 2020 compared to 2019 reflected a $45.9 million decrease in overall advertising and marketing expenses attributable to reduced online campaigns, sponsorships and marketing events, a $14.1 million decrease in cash-based personnel-related costs due to a reduction in global sales and marketing headcount, a $3.4 million decrease in travel related expenses, a $3.2 million decrease allocated facilities, depreciation and other supporting overhead expenses, and a $2.3 million decrease in stock-based compensation, partially offset by a $10.4 million increase in restructuring costs and a $3.6 million increase in payment processing fees related to sales through GoPro.com.
General and administrative

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
General and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 53,694 |  |  | $ | 55,220 |  |  | $ | 52,865 |  |  | (3) | % |  | 4 | %
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,221 |  |  | 10,076 |  |  | 9,838 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 2 |
Acquisition-related costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | (100) |
Restructuring costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,449 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 3,279 |  |  | 988 |  |  | (85) |
Total general and administrative |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 68,364 |  |  | $ | 65,797 |  |  | $ | 66,004 |  |  | 4 | % |  | — | %
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | 5.7 | % |  |  |  |

2020 Compared to 2019. The year-over-year increase of $2.6 million, or 4%, in total general and administrative expenses in 2020 compared to 2019 reflected a $7.0 million increase in legal and professional services costs and a $4.9 million increase in restructuring charges, partially offset by a $4.7 million decrease in cash-based personnel-related costs due to a reduction in global general and administrative headcount, a $2.3 million decrease in allocated facilities and other supporting overhead expenses, a $1.0 million lease termination fee recorded in 2019, a $0.9 million decrease in stock-based compensation and a $0.8 million decrease in travel related expenses.
50

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Restructuring costs
Second quarter 2020 restructuring plan. On April 14, 2020, we approved a restructuring plan that provided for a reduction of our global workforce by approximately 20% and the consolidation of certain leased office facilities. Under the second quarter 2020 restructuring plan, we recorded restructuring charges of $25.5 million, including a $12.5 million right-of-use asset impairment primarily related to our headquarter campus, $7.3 million related to severance, and $5.8 million related to accelerated depreciation and other charges. The right-of-use asset impairment charge was recorded as a restructuring expense, primarily in the operating expense financial statement line items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
We ceased using a portion of our headquarters campus in the third quarter of 2020 as part of the second quarter 2020 restructuring plan. The unused portion of our headquarters campus has its own identifiable expenses and is not dependent on other parts of our business, and thus was considered its own asset group. As a result, we impaired a part of the carrying value of the related right-of-use asset to its estimated fair value using the discounted future cash flows method. The discounted future cash flows were based on future sublease rental rates, future sublease market conditions and a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital. Based on the results of our assessment, we recognized a $12.3 million impairment.
First quarter 2017 restructuring plan. On March 15, 2017, we approved a restructuring plan that provided for a reduction of our workforce by approximately 17% and the consolidation of certain leased office facilities. Under the first quarter 2017 restructuring plan, we recorded restructuring charges of $23.1 million, including $10.3 million related to severance and $12.8 million related to accelerated depreciation and other charges. The actions associated with the first quarter 2017 restructuring plan were substantially completed by the fourth quarter of 2017.
See Note 11 Restructuring charges, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other income (expense)

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (20,257) |  |  | $ | (19,229) |  |  | $ | (18,683) |  |  | 5 | % |  | 3 | %
Other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,881) |  |  | 2,492 |  |  | 4,970 |  |  | (296) |  |  | (50) |
Total other expense, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (25,138) |  |  | $ | (16,737) |  |  | $ | (13,713) |  |  | 50 | % |  | 22 | %

2020 Compared to 2019. Total other expense, net, increased $8.4 million in 2020 compared to 2019, primarily due to a $5.4 million loss on the partial extinguishment of our 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (2022 Notes) in 2020, a $1.4 million increase in the amortization of our debt discount primarily due to the issuance in 2020 of our 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (2025 Notes), and a $1.1 million decrease in interest income due to less investment activity in 2020.
Income taxes

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,826 |  |  | $ | (4,428) |  |  | $ | 1,359 |  |  | (209) | % |  | (426) | %
Effective tax rate |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7.8) | % |  | 23.2 | % |  | (1.3) | % |  |  |  |

We recorded an income tax expense of $4.8 million in 2020 on a pre-tax net loss of $62.0 million, which resulted in a negative effective tax rate of 7.8%. Our income tax expense was primarily related to a significant benefit on pre-tax book losses, offset by the valuation allowance on United States federal and state deferred tax assets and by income taxes paid or accrued in profitable foreign jurisdictions (primarily wholly owned subsidiaries in Europe). Our 2019 effective tax rate of 23.2% resulted primarily from a tax benefit related to an overall decrease in losses before income taxes, a benefit from the reversal of previously accrued tax provision on uncertain tax positions that were no longer necessary due to the expiration of the statute of limitations and settlements with certain taxing jurisdictions, partially offset by the valuation allowance on United States federal and state net deferred tax assets and a shortfall tax impact from stock-based compensation.
51

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
See Note 8 Income taxes, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Quarterly results of operations
The following table sets forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated results of operations for each of the eight quarterly periods in the two-year period ended December 31, 2020.

| Three months ended
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) | Dec. 31, 2020 |  | Sept. 30, 2020 |  | June 30, 2020 |  | March 31, 2020 |  | Dec. 31, 2019 |  | Sept. 30, 2019 |  | June 30, 2019 |  | March 31, 2019
Revenue | $ | 357,772 |  |  | $ | 280,507 |  |  | $ | 134,246 |  |  | $ | 119,400 |  |  | $ | 528,345 |  |  | $ | 131,169 |  |  | $ | 292,429 |  |  | $ | 242,708 |
Gross profit | 136,083 |  | 99,312 |  | 40,692 |  | 38,427 |  | 201,825 |  | 28,432 |  | 102,185 |  | 80,347
Operating expenses (1) | 80,728 |  | 90,458 |  | 85,606 |  | 94,541 |  | 105,725 |  | 99,630 |  | 109,132 |  | 100,635
Net income (loss) | $ | 44,413 |  |  | $ | 3,307 |  |  | $ | (50,975) |  |  | $ | (63,528) |  |  | $ | 95,820 |  |  | $ | (74,810) |  |  | $ | (11,287) |  |  | $ | (24,365) |
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.34) |  |  | $ | (0.43) |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | (0.51) |  |  | $ | (0.08) |  |  | $ | (0.17) |
Diluted | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.34) |  |  | $ | (0.43) |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | (0.51) |  |  | $ | (0.08) |  |  | $ | (0.17) |

(1) Included in operating expenses were restructuring charges of $13.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, $11.0 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 and $1.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table presents selected financial information as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:

(dollars in thousands) | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 325,654 |  |  | $ | 150,301 |
Marketable securities | — |  |  | 14,847 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 325,654 |  |  | $ | 165,148 |
Percentage of total assets | 42 | % |  | 21 | %

Our primary source of cash is receipts from sales of our products and services. Other sources of cash are from proceeds from the issuance of convertible notes, employee participation in the employee stock purchase plan, the exercise of employee stock options, tax refunds and facility subleases. The primary uses of cash are for inventory procurement, payroll-related expenses, general operating expenses, including advertising, marketing and office rent, purchases of property and equipment, other costs of revenue and repurchases of convertible notes.
As of December 31, 2020, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $325.7 million. In addition, we had $2.0 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2020. The overall cash provided by operations of $93.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to positive operating cash (net loss of $66.8 million, offset by non-cash expenses of $90.1 million) and changes in working capital of $70.5 million. Working capital changes for the year ended December 31, 2020 were the result of a decrease in accounts receivable of $93.1 million and a decrease in inventory of $46.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities of $87.5 million. As of December 31, 2020, $15.8 million of cash was held by our foreign subsidiaries.
Convertible Notes
In April 2017, we issued $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes in a private placement to purchasers for resale to qualified institutional buyers. The 2022 Notes mature on April 15, 2022, unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of Class A common stock subject to certain conditions. The 2022 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 94.0071 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2022 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $10.64 per share of common stock, subject to
52

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
adjustment. We pay interest on the 2022 Notes semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year. Proceeds received from the issuance of the 2022 Notes were allocated between a liability component (long-term debt) and an equity component (additional paid-in capital). The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instruments without a conversion feature.
In connection with the 2022 Notes offering, we entered into a prepaid forward stock repurchase transaction agreement (Prepaid Forward) with a financial institution. Pursuant to the Prepaid Forward, we used approximately $78.0 million of the proceeds from the offering of the 2022 Notes to pay the prepayment amount. The aggregate number of shares of our Class A common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward is approximately 9.2 million shares. The expiration date for the Prepaid Forward is April 15, 2022, although it may be settled earlier in whole or in part. Upon settlement of the Prepaid Forward, at expiration or upon any early settlement, the forward counterparty will deliver to us the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward or the portion thereof being settled early. The shares purchased under the Prepaid Forward were treated as treasury stock on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (and not outstanding for purposes of the calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share), but remain outstanding for corporate law purposes, including for purposes of any future stockholders’ votes, until the forward counterparty delivers the shares underlying the Prepaid Forward to us. The net proceeds from the 2022 Convertible Senior Notes offering of approximately $91 million were used for general corporate purposes.
In October 2020, 8.8 million shares out of the 9.2 million shares of Class A common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward entered into as part of our 2022 Notes were early settled and delivered to us. There was no financial statement impact due to the return of shares; however, shares outstanding for corporate law purposes were reduced by the early settlement.
In November 2020, we issued $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes in a private placement to purchasers for resale to qualified institutional buyers. The 2025 Notes mature on November 15, 2025, unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of Class A common stock subject to certain conditions. The 2025 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at our election, at an initial conversion rate of 107.1984 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $9.3285 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment. We pay interest on the 2025 Notes semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year. Proceeds received from the issuance of the 2025 Notes were allocated between a liability component (long-term debt) and an equity component (additional paid-in capital). The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instruments without a conversion feature.
In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions (Capped Calls). We used $10.2 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2025 Notes to purchase the Capped Calls and $56.2 million of the net proceeds to repurchase $50.0 million of aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Notes. The remaining net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes.
Liquidity
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted our financial results in 2020, and as a result, we took several actions to optimize liquidity, including the acceleration of a shift in our sales channel strategy to reduce the number of distributors and retailers that we work with to focus more on direct-to-consumer sales through GoPro.com, reducing our marketing expenses to reflect the appropriate levels of support for our shift to a direct-to-consumer model, and announced a restructuring plan in April 2020, which included a reduction in our global workforce by approximately 20% and reductions in leased facilities. These actions positively impacted our financial results beginning in the second quarter of 2020. With a more direct-to-consumer sales channel strategy, we expect to increase sales from GoPro.com relative to total revenue. We expect these actions to accelerate our ability to achieve profitability and continue to reduce operating expenses. Based on our most current projections which incorporate these actions, we believe that our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to address our working capital needs, capital expenditures, outstanding commitments and other liquidity requirements for at least one year from the issuance of these financial statements.
53

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
In the future, we may require additional financing to respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances. If we are unable to obtain adequate debt or equity financing when we require it or on terms acceptable to us, especially in light of the market volatility and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our ability to grow or support our business, repay debt and respond to business challenges could be significantly limited. Although we believe we have adequate sources of liquidity over the long term, the success of our operations and the global economic outlook, in each case, in light of the market volatility and uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, among other factors, could impact our business and liquidity.
Summary of Cash Flow
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 93,782 |  |  | $ | (24,444) |  |  | $ | (42,434) |  |  | (484) | % |  | (42) | %
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,511 |  |  | $ | 22,771 |  |  | $ | (6,235) |  |  | (58) |  |  | (465) | %
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 71,977 |  |  | $ | (1,044) |  |  | $ | (1,481) |  |  | (6,994) | % |  | (30) | %

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash provided by operating activities of $93.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to non-cash expenses of $90.1 million and a net cash inflow of $70.5 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by a net loss of $66.8 million. Cash inflows related to operating assets and liabilities consisted primarily of a decrease in accounts receivable of $93.1 million and a decrease in inventory of $46.3 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities of $87.5 million.
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash provided by investing activities of $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to $14.8 million from maturities of marketable securities, partially offset by net purchases of property and equipment of $4.9 million.
Cash flows from financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities of $72.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to $143.8 million proceeds from the issuance of our 2025 Notes, and $5.4 million received from stock purchases made through our employee stock purchase plan and employee stock option exercises, partially offset by $56.0 million used in the partial repurchase of our 2022 Notes, $10.2 million used in the purchase of Capped Calls and $6.2 million in tax payments for net RSU settlements.
Off-balance sheet arrangements
During the periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
54

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2020:

(in thousands) | Total |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | Thereafter
Operating lease obligations | $ | 73,114 |  |  | $ | 12,794 |  |  | $ | 12,945 |  |  | $ | 11,924 |  |  | $ | 11,519 |  |  | $ | 11,306 |  |  | $ | 12,626 |
Sponsorship commitments | 1,509 |  |  | 1,059 |  |  | 450 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other contractual commitments | 27,526 |  |  | 19,165 |  |  | 6,361 |  |  | 1,882 |  |  | 118 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Long-term debt (1) | 284,268 |  |  | 7,279 |  |  | 128,073 |  |  | 1,797 |  |  | 1,797 |  |  | 145,322 |  |  | — |
Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 386,417 |  |  | $ | 40,297 |  |  | $ | 147,829 |  |  | $ | 15,603 |  |  | $ | 13,434 |  |  | $ | 156,628 |  |  | $ | 12,626 |

(1) The Company's convertible senior notes are due in April 2022 and November 2025. The balances include accrued and unpaid interest as of December 31, 2020. Refer to Note 4 Financing Arrangements.
See Note 4 Financing Arrangements, for a discussion regarding our 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes, and Note 9 Commitments, contingencies and guarantees, for a discussion regarding facility leases and other contractual commitments in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Indemnifications
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers which require us to indemnify our directors and executive officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service. In addition, in the normal course of business, we enter into agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties, and provide for general indemnification. Our exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against us in the future, but have not yet been made. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to our limited history with indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. As of December 31, 2020, we have not paid any claims, nor has it been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, we may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can significantly impact the amounts we report as assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and the related disclosures. Note 1 Summary of business and significant accounting policies, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Annual Report on Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance as these policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Our senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with the audit committee of our board of directors.
Revenue recognition
We derive substantially all of our revenue from the sale of cameras, mounts and accessories, the related implied post contract support to customers and subscription services. We recognize revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The transaction price we expect to be entitled to is primarily comprised of product revenue, net of returns and variable consideration, including sales incentives provided to customers.
For most of our revenue, revenue is recognized at the time the product is delivered and when collection is considered probable. For the Company’s subscription services, revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription term, with payments received in advanced of services being rendered recorded in deferred revenue.
55

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
For customers who purchase products directly from GoPro.com, we retain a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit, which are accounted for as fulfillment costs.
Our standard terms and conditions for non-web based sales do not allow for product returns other than under warranty. However, we grant limited rights to return product for certain large retailers. Estimates of expected future product returns are recognized at the time of sale based on analyses of historical return trends by customer class and other factors. An estimated return liability along with a right to recover assets are recorded for future product returns. Return trends are influenced by product life cycles, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, product sell-through, the type of customer, seasonality and other factors. Return rates may fluctuate over time, but are sufficiently predictable to allow us to estimate expected future product returns. Actual returns in any future period could differ from our estimates, which could impact the revenue that we report.
Our camera sales contain multiple performance obligations that can include the following four separate obligations: a) a hardware component (camera and/or accessories) and the embedded firmware essential to the functionality of the hardware component delivered at the time of sale, b) the implicit right to our downloadable free apps and software solutions, c) the implied right for the customer to receive post contract support after the initial sale (PCS), and d) a subscription service. PCS includes the right to receive, on a when and if available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features as well as bug fixes, and email and telephone support. Judgment is required to properly identify the accounting units of multiple performance obligations and to determine the manner in which revenue should be allocated among the obligations. We allocate the transaction price to the PCS performance obligation based on a cost-plus method. The transaction price is allocated to the remaining performance obligations on a residual value methodology or based on standalone selling price. Our process to allocate the transaction price considers multiple factors that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable, including: the level of support provided to customers, estimated costs to provide our support, the amount of time and cost that is allocated to our efforts to develop the undelivered elements, market trends in the pricing for similar offerings, and the standalone selling price. While changes in the allocation of the transaction price among the performance obligations will not affect the amount of total revenue ultimately recognized for a particular sales arrangement, any material changes in these allocations could impact the timing of revenue recognition, which could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We provide our customers with sales incentives through various programs, including cooperative advertising, marketing development funds and other incentives. Sales incentives are considered to be variable consideration, which we estimate and record as a reduction to revenue at the date of sale. Sales incentives are influenced by historical experience, product sell-through and other factors. Actual sales incentives and their impact on reported revenue could differ from our estimates.
Inventory valuation
Inventory consists of finished goods and component parts, and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a first-in, first-out basis. Our inventory balances were $97.9 million and $144.2 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our assessment of market value requires the use of estimates regarding the net realizable value of our inventory balances, including an assessment of excess or obsolete inventory. We determine excess or obsolete inventory based on multiple factors, including market conditions, an estimate of the future demand for our products within a specified time horizon, generally 12 months, product life cycle status, product development plans and current sales levels.
Warranty
We establish a liability for estimated product warranty costs at the time product revenue is recognized. We generally provide a 12-month warranty coverage on all of our products except in the European Union where we provide a 2-year warranty. The Company also offers extended warranty programs for a fee. Our estimate of costs to service our warranty obligations are based on historical experience of repair and replacement of the associated products and expectations of future conditions. The warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related use of materials, labor costs and freight incurred in correcting any product failure. Should actual product failure rates, use of materials or other costs differ from our estimates, additional warranty liabilities could be required, which could materially affect our results of operations.
56

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Income taxes
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and multiple foreign jurisdictions. Our effective tax rates differ from the United States federal statutory rate, primarily due to changes in our valuation allowance, the effect of non-United States operations, deductible and non-deductible stock-based compensation expense, state taxes, federal research and development tax credits and other adjustments. Our effective tax rate was negative 7.8%, 23.2% and negative 1.3% in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The calculation of our provision for income taxes involves the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments while taking into account current tax laws, our interpretation of current tax laws and possible outcomes of future tax audits. We review our tax positions quarterly and adjust the balances as new information becomes available. Our income tax rate is primarily affected by the tax rates that apply to our foreign earnings.
Due to our history of net losses in the United States and the difficulty in predicting future results, we believe that we cannot rely on projections of future taxable income to realize most of our deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we have established a full valuation allowance against our United States federal and states net deferred tax assets. Significant management judgement is required in assessing our ability to realize any future benefit from our net deferred tax assets. We intend to maintain this valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support its reversal. Our income tax expense recorded in the future will be reduced to the extent that sufficient positive evidence materializes to support a reversal, or decrease in, our valuation allowance.
Uncertain tax positions. We recognize tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. We file annual income tax returns in multiple taxing jurisdictions around the world and a number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited by the relevant tax authorities and finally resolved. We have established reserves to address potential exposures related to tax positions that could be challenged by tax authorities. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position and we can provide no assurance that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be materially different, we believe that we have adequately reserved for our uncertain tax positions.
Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected if actual earnings are different than our estimates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets or liabilities, outcomes resulting from income tax examinations, or by changes or interpretations in tax laws, regulations or accounting principles.
Goodwill, acquired intangible assets and long-lived assets
When we acquire a business, we allocate the purchase price to the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets, with the residual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. The determination of the fair value of the intangible assets acquired involves significant judgments and estimates. These judgments can include, but are not limited to, the cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future, technology obsolescence, and the appropriate weighted-average cost of capital. Our estimate of the fair value of certain assets may differ materially from that determined by others who use different assumptions or utilize different business models.
Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets. We perform an annual assessment of our goodwill during the fourth quarter of each calendar year or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, such as an adverse change in business climate or a decline in the overall industry demand, that would indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit would be less than its carrying value. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of our single reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we measure the amount of impairment as the amount the carrying value of our single reporting entity exceeds the fair value. As of December 31, 2020, we determined that no impairment of the carrying value of goodwill was required.
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, intangible assets subject to amortization and right-of-use assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If it is determined that an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. We recorded a $12.5 million right-of-use asset impairment in 2020 primarily related to our headquarters campus. We used the following significant
57

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
assumptions to determine the impairment charge: future sublease rental rates, future sublease market conditions and a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital.
Convertible Senior Notes
We account for our convertible senior notes in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. As our 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes have a net settlement feature and may be settled wholly or partially in cash upon conversion, we are required to separately account for the liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components of the instrument. The carrying amount of the liability component of the instrument is determined by estimating the fair value of a similar liability without the conversion option using income and market based approaches. For the income-based approach, we use a convertible bond pricing model that includes several assumptions such as volatility and the risk-free rate. For the market-based approach, we evaluate issuances of convertible debt securities by other companies at the time of issuance. The amount of the equity component is then calculated by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the principal amount of the instrument. The difference between the principal amount and the liability component represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the respective terms of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes using an effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes, the allocation of issuance costs incurred between the liability and equity components were based on their relative values. Similarly, in accordance with ASC 470-20, transactions involving contemporaneous exchanges of cash between the same debtor and creditor in connection with the issuance of a new debt obligation and satisfaction of an existing debt obligation by the debtor, such as the contemporaneous 2022 Notes partial repurchase and issuance of the 2025 Notes, should be evaluated as a modification or an exchange transaction depending on whether the exchange is determined to have substantially different terms. The 2022 Notes partial repurchase and issuance of the 2025 Notes were deemed to have substantially different terms due to the significant difference between the value of the conversion option immediately prior to and after the exchange, and consequently, we accounted for the 2022 Notes partial repurchase as a debt extinguishment. The total consideration for the 2022 Notes partial repurchase was separated into liability and equity components by estimating the fair value of a similar liability without a conversion option and assigning the residual value to the equity component. The effective interest rate used to estimate the fair value of the liability component of the 2022 Notes partial repurchase is based on the income approach used to determine the effective interest rate of the 2025 Notes, adjusted for the remaining term of the 2022 Notes. The gain or loss on extinguishment of the debt is subsequently determined by comparing repurchase consideration allocated to the liability component to the sum of the carrying value of the liability component, net of the proportionate amounts of unamortized debt discount and remaining unamortized debt issuance costs.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Recent Accounting Pronouncements in Note 1 Summary of business and significant accounting policies, to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We report net income (loss) and diluted net income (loss) per share in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and on a non-GAAP basis. Additionally, we report non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA. We use non-GAAP financial measures to help us understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget, and to develop short-term and long-term operational plans. Our management uses, and believes that investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our operating results. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as an alternative to, the measures prepared in accordance with GAAP, and are not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles. We believe that these non-GAAP measures, when read in conjunction with our GAAP financials, provide useful information to investors by facilitating:
•the comparability of our on-going operating results over the periods presented;
•the ability to identify trends in our underlying business; and
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GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
•the comparison of our operating results against analyst financial models and operating results of other public companies that supplement their GAAP results with non-GAAP financial measures.
These non-GAAP financial measures have limitations in that they do not reflect all of the amounts associated with our results of operations as determined in accordance with GAAP. Some of these limitations are:
•adjusted EBITDA does not reflect tax payments that reduce cash available to us;
•adjusted EBITDA excludes depreciation and amortization and, although these are non-cash charges, the property and equipment being depreciated and amortized often will have to be replaced in the future, and adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements;
•adjusted EBITDA excludes the amortization of point of purchase (POP) display assets because it is a non-cash charge, and is treated similarly to depreciation of property and equipment and amortization of acquired intangible assets;
•adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude the impairment of intangible assets because it is a non-cash charge that is inconsistent in amount and frequency;
•adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude restructuring and other related costs which primarily include severance-related costs, stock-based compensation expenses, facilities consolidation charges recorded in connection with restructuring actions announced in the fourth quarter of 2016, first quarter of 2017, first quarter of 2018 and second quarter of 2020, including right-of-use asset impairment charges, and the related ongoing operating lease cost of those facilities recorded under ASC 842, Leases. These expenses do not reflect expected future operating expenses and do not contribute to a meaningful evaluation of current operating performance or comparisons to the operating performance in other periods;
•adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude stock-based compensation expense related to equity awards granted primarily to our workforce. We exclude stock-based compensation expense because we believe that the non-GAAP financial measures excluding this item provide meaningful supplemental information regarding operational performance. In particular, we note that companies calculate stock-based compensation expense for the variety of award types that they employ using different valuation methodologies and subjective assumptions. These non-cash charges are not factored into our internal evaluation of net income (loss) as we believe their inclusion would hinder our ability to assess core operational performance;
•adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP net income (loss) exclude the loss on extinguishment of debt because it is not reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and the frequency and amount of such losses are inconsistent;
•non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes acquisition-related costs including the amortization of acquired intangible assets (primarily consisting of acquired technology), the impairment of acquired intangible assets (if applicable), as well as third-party transaction costs incurred for legal and other professional services. These costs are not factored into our evaluation of potential acquisitions, or of our performance after completion of the acquisitions, because these costs are not related to our core operating performance or reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and the frequency and amount of such costs are inconsistent and vary significantly based on the timing and magnitude of our acquisition transactions and the maturities of the businesses being acquired. Although we exclude the amortization of acquired intangible assets from our non-GAAP net income (loss), management believes that it is important for investors to understand that such intangible assets were recorded as part of purchase accounting and contribute to revenue generation;
•non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes non-cash interest expense. In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes in April 2017 and November 2020, we are required to recognize non-cash interest expense in accordance with the authoritative accounting guidance for convertible debt that may be settled in cash;
•non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes a gain on the sale and license of intellectual property. This gain is not related to our core operating performance or reflective of ongoing operating results in the period, and the frequency and amount of such gains are inconsistent;
59

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
•non-GAAP net income (loss) includes income tax adjustments. We utilize a cash-based non-GAAP tax expense approach (based upon expected annual cash payments for income taxes) for evaluating operating performance as well as for planning and forecasting purposes. This non-GAAP tax approach eliminates the effects of period specific items, which can vary in size and frequency and does not necessarily reflect our long-term operations. Historically, we computed a non-GAAP tax rate based on non-GAAP pre-tax income on a quarterly basis, which considered the income tax effects of the adjustments above; and
•other companies may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.
The following tables present a reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA:

| Three months ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  |  |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 44,413 |  |  |  |  | $ | 95,820 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 116 |  |  |  |  | (3,928) |
Interest expense, net | 5,442 |  |  |  |  | 5,032 |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,570 |  |  |  |  | 6,445 |
POP display amortization | 708 |  |  |  |  | 1,666 |
Stock-based compensation | 8,037 |  |  |  |  | 7,028 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 5,389 |  |  |  |  | — |
Restructuring and other costs | 69 |  |  |  |  | 29 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 67,744 |  |  |  |  | $ | 112,092 |

| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net loss | $ | (66,783) |  |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | $ | (109,034) |  |  | $ | (182,873) |  |  | $ | (419,003) |
Income tax (benefit) expense | 4,826 |  |  | (4,428) |  |  | 1,359 |  |  | 6,486 |  |  | 43,829 |
Interest expense | 19,993 |  |  | 17,872 |  |  | 17,278 |  |  | 12,804 |  |  | 1,401 |
Depreciation and amortization | 19,065 |  |  | 26,268 |  |  | 35,063 |  |  | 41,478 |  |  | 41,639 |
POP display amortization | 4,176 |  |  | 7,504 |  |  | 13,482 |  |  | 19,190 |  |  | 19,623 |
Stock-based compensation | 29,963 |  |  | 37,188 |  |  | 40,887 |  |  | 51,255 |  |  | 69,527 |
Impairment of intangible assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,088 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 5,389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restructuring and other costs | 26,571 |  |  | 2,196 |  |  | 22,743 |  |  | 20,292 |  |  | 43,089 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 43,200 |  |  | $ | 71,958 |  |  | $ | 21,778 |  |  | $ | (31,368) |  |  | $ | (192,807) |

60

GoPro, Inc.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following tables present a reconciliation of net income (loss) to non-GAAP net income (loss):

| Three months ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data) | 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2019
Net income | $ | 44,413 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 95,820 |
Stock-based compensation | 8,037 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,028 |
Acquisition-related costs | 723 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,864 |
Restructuring and other costs | 69 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |
Non-cash interest expense | 3,018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,354 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 5,389 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Income tax adjustments | (585) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,597) |
Non-GAAP net income | $ | 61,064 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 102,498 |
GAAP diluted net income per share | $ | 0.28 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.65 |
Non-GAAP diluted net income per share | $ | 0.39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.70 |
GAAP and non-GAAP shares for diluted net income per share | 156,464 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 147,052 |

| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net loss | $ | (66,783) |  |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | $ | (109,034) |  |  | $ | (182,873) |  |  | $ | (419,003) |
Stock-based compensation | 29,963 |  |  | 37,188 |  |  | 40,887 |  |  | 51,255 |  |  | 69,527 |
Acquisition-related costs | 4,598 |  |  | 7,818 |  |  | 11,456 |  |  | 8,991 |  |  | 17,346 |
Restructuring and other costs | 26,571 |  |  | 2,196 |  |  | 22,743 |  |  | 20,292 |  |  | 43,089 |
Non-cash interest expense | 10,366 |  |  | 8,987 |  |  | 8,112 |  |  | 5,345 |  |  | — |
Loss on extinguishment of debt | 5,389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on sale and license of intellectual property | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Income tax adjustments (1) | 2,675 |  |  | (6,292) |  |  | (1,073) |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | 87,794 |
Non-GAAP net income (loss) | $ | 12,779 |  |  | $ | 35,255 |  |  | $ | (31,909) |  |  | $ | (95,867) |  |  | $ | (201,247) |
GAAP diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.45) |  |  | $ | (0.10) |  |  | $ | (0.78) |  |  | $ | (1.32) |  |  | $ | (3.01) |
Non-GAAP diluted net income (loss) per share | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | (0.23) |  |  | $ | (0.69) |  |  | $ | (1.44) |
GAAP shares for diluted net loss per share | 149,037 |  |  | 144,891 |  |  | 139,495 |  |  | 138,056 |  |  | 139,425 |
Add: effect of dilutive shares | 3,096 |  |  | 1,580 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-GAAP shares for diluted net income (loss) per share | 152,133 |  |  | 146,471 |  |  | 139,495 |  |  | 138,056 |  |  | 139,425 |

(1) Beginning in the first quarter of 2017, we implemented a cash-based non-GAAP expense approach (based upon expected annual cash payments for income taxes) for evaluating operating performance as well as for planning and forecasting purposes. This non-GAAP approach eliminates the effects of period specific items, which can vary in size and frequency and does not necessarily reflect our long-term operations. Historically, we computed a non-GAAP tax rate based on non-GAAP pre-tax income on a quarterly basis, which considered the income tax effects of the adjustments above.
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
In addition to market risk that is created by the uncertainties and the global market disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. These risks primarily include foreign currency and interest rate risks as follows:
Foreign currency risk. Revenue generated from GoPro.com, which has increased in 2020 as a result of our focus on our direct-to-consumer sales strategy, is denominated in U.S. dollars and various foreign currencies. However, to date, the majority of our product sales and inventory purchases have been denominated in U.S. dollars. We therefore have had limited foreign currency risk associated with these two activities. The functional currency of all of our entities is the U.S. dollar. Our operations outside of the United States hold foreign denominated cash balances and incur a majority of their operating expenses in foreign currencies, principally the Euro, Japanese Yen, British Pound, Canadian Dollar and Romanian Leu. Our results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. However, we believe that the exposure to foreign currency fluctuation from operating expenses is immaterial at this time as the related costs do not constitute a significant portion of our total expenses. As we continue to focus on the growth of our direct-to-consumer business and expand our operations, if foreign currency exchange rates become volatile, or if foreign currency held in our foreign entities increases, our exposure to foreign currency risk could become more significant. To date, we have not entered into any material foreign currency exchange contracts. For assets and liabilities denominated in other currencies, we do not believe that the effects of a 10% shift in exchange rates between those currencies and the U.S. dollar would have a material effect on our results of operations from such a shift.
Interest rate risk. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Our cash equivalents and marketable securities are comprised primarily of money market funds, commercial paper, U.S. treasury securities and corporate debt securities. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and provide liquidity without significantly increasing risk. Our cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. Due to the relatively short-term nature of our investment portfolio, we do not believe that an immediate 10% shift in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair value of our investment portfolio.
The fair value of our 2022 Convertible Senior Notes (2022 Notes) and 2025 Convertible Senior Notes (2025 Notes) are subject to interest rate risk, market risk and other factors due to the conversion feature. The capped call that was entered into concurrently with the issuance of our 2025 Notes were completed to reduce the potential dilution from the conversion of the 2025 Notes. The fair value of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes will generally increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. In addition, the fair value of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes will generally increase as our Class A common stock price increases and will generally decrease as the common stock price declines. The interest and market value changes affect the fair value of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligation.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
GoPro, Inc.
Index to consolidated financial statements

| Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 64
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 67
Consolidated Statements of Operations | 68
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity | 69
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 70
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 72
Financial Statement Schedule for the years ended December 31, 20 20, 201 9 and 201 8: Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | 99

The supplementary financial information required by this Item 8, is included in Part II, Item 7 under the caption Results of Operations, which is incorporated herein by reference.
63

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of GoPro, Inc.
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GoPro, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Changes in Accounting Principles
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019 and the manner in which it accounts for revenues from contracts with customers and the manner in which it accounts for the tax consequences of intra-entity asset transfers in 2018.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
64

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Asset Impairment Assessment
As described in Notes 1 and 11 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated operating lease right-of-use asset balance was $31.6 million as of December 31, 2020. Management performs periodic assessments of its operating lease right-of-use assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If it is determined that an asset is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. During 2020, the Company approved a restructuring plan to reduce future operating expenses, optimize its business and address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The restructuring provided for the consolidation of certain leased office facilities which resulted in management recording a $12.5 million right-of-use asset impairment primarily related to its headquarters campus. Fair value was estimated by management using a discounted cash flow method. The discounted future cash flows were determined by management based on future sublease rental rates, future sublease market conditions and a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the operating lease right-of-use asset impairment assessment is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when determining the fair value estimate, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to the future sublease rental rates and future sublease market conditions.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s operating lease right-of-use impairment assessment, including controls over the development of assumptions related to the future sublease rental rates and future sublease market conditions used in the impairment assessment. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for determining the fair value estimate; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow method; (iii) testing the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the discounted cash flow method; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of significant assumptions related to the future sublease rental rates and
65

future sublease market conditions. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to the future sublease rental rates and future sublease market conditions involved evaluating whether the assumptions used were reasonable considering the consistency with external market data and evidence obtained in other areas of audit.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Jose, California
February 12, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2011.
66

GoPro, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par values) | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 325,654 |  |  | $ | 150,301 |
Restricted cash | 2,000 |  |  | — |
Marketable securities | — |  |  | 14,847 |
Accounts receivable, net | 107,244 |  |  | 200,634 |
Inventory | 97,914 |  |  | 144,236 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 23,872 |  |  | 25,958 |
Total current assets | 556,684 |  |  | 535,976 |
Property and equipment, net | 23,711 |  |  | 36,539 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 31,560 |  |  | 53,121 |
Intangible assets, net | 1,214 |  |  | 5,247 |
Goodwill | 146,459 |  |  | 146,459 |
Other long-term assets | 11,771 |  |  | 15,461 |
Total assets | $ | 771,399 |  |  | $ | 792,803 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 111,399 |  |  | $ | 160,695 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 113,776 |  |  | 141,790 |
Short-term operating lease liabilities | 9,369 |  |  | 9,099 |
Deferred revenue | 28,149 |  |  | 15,467 |
Total current liabilities | 262,693 |  |  | 327,051 |
Long-term taxes payable | 18,099 |  |  | 13,726 |
Long-term debt | 218,172 |  |  | 148,810 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 51,986 |  |  | 62,961 |
Other long-term liabilities | 4,431 |  |  | 6,726 |
Total liabilities | 555,381 |  |  | 559,274 |
Commitments, contingencies and guarantees (Note 9) |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,000 shares authorized; none issued | — |  |  | — |
Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.0001 par value, 500,000 Class A shares authorized, 122,233 and 117,922 shares issued and outstanding, respectively; 150,000 Class B shares authorized, 28,885 and 28,897 shares issued and outstanding, respectively | 980,147 |  |  | 930,875 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 10,710 and 10,710 shares, respectively | (113,613) |  |  | (113,613) |
Accumulated deficit | (650,516) |  |  | (583,733) |
Total stockholders’ equity | 216,018 |  |  | 233,529 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 771,399 |  |  | $ | 792,803 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
67

GoPro, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 891,925 |  |  | $ | 1,194,651 |  |  | $ | 1,148,337 |
Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  | 577,411 |  |  | 781,862 |  |  | 786,903 |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  | 314,514 |  |  | 412,789 |  |  | 361,434 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  |  |  | 131,589 |  |  | 142,894 |  |  | 167,296 |
Sales and marketing |  |  |  |  | 151,380 |  |  | 206,431 |  |  | 222,096 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  | 68,364 |  |  | 65,797 |  |  | 66,004 |
Total operating expenses |  |  |  |  | 351,333 |  |  | 415,122 |  |  | 455,396 |
Operating loss |  |  |  |  | (36,819) |  |  | (2,333) |  |  | (93,962) |
Other income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | (20,257) |  |  | (19,229) |  |  | (18,683) |
Other income (expense), net |  |  |  |  | (4,881) |  |  | 2,492 |  |  | 4,970 |
Total other expense, net |  |  |  |  | (25,138) |  |  | (16,737) |  |  | (13,713) |
Loss before income taxes |  |  |  |  | (61,957) |  |  | (19,070) |  |  | (107,675) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  | 4,826 |  |  | (4,428) |  |  | 1,359 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (66,783) |  |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | $ | (109,034) |
Basic and diluted net loss per share |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.45) |  |  | $ | (0.10) |  |  | $ | (0.78) |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding, basic and diluted |  |  |  |  | 149,037 |  |  | 144,891 |  |  | 139,495 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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GoPro, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

| Common stock and additional paid-in capital |  | Treasury stock |  | Accumulated deficit |  | Stockholders’ equity
(in thousands) | Shares | Amount |  | Amount |  |
Balances at December 31, 2017 | 137,000 |  | $ | 854,452 |  |  | $ | (113,613) |  |  | $ | (442,134) |  |  | $ | 298,705 |
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans, net of shares withheld for tax | 4,067 |  | 5,099 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,099 |
Taxes paid related to net share settlements | — |  | (6,650) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,650) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | 41,854 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,854 |
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,862) |  |  | (17,862) |
Net loss | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (109,034) |  |  | (109,034) |
Balances at December 31, 2018 | 141,067 |  | 894,755 |  |  | (113,613) |  |  | (569,030) |  |  | 212,112 |
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans, net of shares withheld for tax | 5,751 |  | 5,553 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,553 |
Taxes paid related to net share settlements | — |  | (6,618) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,618) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | 37,185 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,185 |
Cumulative effect of adoption of new accounting standards | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (61) |  |  | (61) |
Net loss | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,642) |  |  | (14,642) |
Balances at December 31, 2019 | 146,818 |  | 930,875 |  |  | (113,613) |  |  | (583,733) |  |  | 233,529 |
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans, net of shares withheld for tax | 4,301 |  | 5,481 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,481 |
Taxes paid related to net share settlements | — |  | (6,207) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,207) |
Stock-based compensation expense (Note 6) | — |  | 29,963 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,963 |
Equity component of 2025 convertible senior notes | — |  | 35,674 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,674 |
Purchase of Capped Calls related to 2025 convertible senior notes | — |  | (10,249) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,249) |
Equity component of partial repurchase of 2022 convertible senior notes | — |  | (5,390) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,390) |
Net loss | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | (66,783) |  |  | (66,783) |
Balances at December 31, 2020 | 151,119 |  | $ | 980,147 |  |  | $ | (113,613) |  |  | $ | (650,516) |  |  | $ | 216,018 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
69

GoPro, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

|  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  | $ | (66,783) |  |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | $ | (109,034) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  | 19,065 |  |  | 26,268 |  |  | 35,063 |
Non-cash operating lease cost |  |  |  | 6,565 |  |  | 6,990 |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  | 29,963 |  |  | 37,188 |  |  | 40,887 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  |  | (50) |  |  | (32) |  |  | (389) |
Non-cash restructuring charges |  |  |  | 5,242 |  |  | (199) |  |  | 6,282 |
Impairment of right-of-use assets |  |  |  | 12,460 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  |  | 10,366 |  |  | 8,987 |  |  | 8,112 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  |  | 5,389 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on sale and license of intellectual property |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,000) |
Other |  |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | (1,182) |  |  | 1,696 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  |  | 93,084 |  |  | (71,269) |  |  | (16,460) |
Inventory |  |  |  | 46,322 |  |  | (27,778) |  |  | 34,093 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  |  | 6,392 |  |  | 7,486 |  |  | 35,390 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  |  | (87,501) |  |  | 3,210 |  |  | (70,400) |
Deferred revenue |  |  |  | 12,196 |  |  | 529 |  |  | (2,674) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  |  | 93,782 |  |  | (24,444) |  |  | (42,434) |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment, net |  |  |  | (4,881) |  |  | (8,348) |  |  | (11,004) |
Purchases of marketable securities |  |  |  | — |  |  | (43,636) |  |  | (57,731) |
Maturities of marketable securities |  |  |  | 14,830 |  |  | 56,888 |  |  | 57,500 |
Sale of marketable securities |  |  |  | — |  |  | 17,867 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from the sale and license of intellectual property |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
Asset acquisition |  |  |  | (438) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  |  | 9,511 |  |  | 22,771 |  |  | (6,235) |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  |  | 5,435 |  |  | 5,574 |  |  | 5,169 |
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards |  |  |  | (6,207) |  |  | (6,618) |  |  | (6,650) |
Proceeds from issuance of 2025 convertible senior notes |  |  |  | 143,750 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payment of debt issuance costs |  |  |  | (4,752) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Purchase of Capped Calls related to 2025 convertible senior notes |  |  |  | (10,249) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payments for 2022 convertible senior notes partial repurchase |  |  |  | (56,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from borrowings |  |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |
Repayment of borrowings |  |  |  | (30,000) |  |  | (20,000) |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  |  | 71,977 |  |  | (1,044) |  |  | (1,481) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  |  | 2,083 |  |  | 923 |  |  | (259) |
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  |  | 177,353 |  |  | (1,794) |  |  | (50,409) |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |  |  |  | 150,301 |  |  | 152,095 |  |  | 202,504 |

70

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |  |  |  | $ | 327,654 |  |  | $ | 150,301 |  |  | $ | 152,095 |
Supplementary cash flow disclosure: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  |  |  | $ | 6,717 |  |  | $ | 6,179 |  |  | $ | 6,125 |
Cash paid (refunded) for income taxes, net |  |  |  | $ | 2,237 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | (32,090) |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  |  | $ | 1,030 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 223 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
71

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Summary of business and significant accounting policies
GoPro, Inc. and its subsidiaries (GoPro or the Company) helps the world capture and share itself in immersive and exciting ways. The Company is committed to developing solutions that create an easy, seamless experience for consumers to capture, create and share engaging personal content. To date, the Company’s cameras, mountable and wearable accessories, and subscription services have generated substantially all of its revenue. The Company sells its products globally on its website, and through retailers and wholesale distributors. The Company’s global corporate headquarters are located in San Mateo, California.
Basis of presentation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31, and its fiscal quarters end on March 31, June 30 and September 30.
The Company’s operating results, financial position and cash flows were negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and as a result, the Company accelerated a shift in its sales channel strategy to focus more on direct-to-consumer sales through GoPro.com, and implemented a restructuring plan in April 2020, which primarily impacted the Company’s global workforce, sales and marketing expenses, and leased facilities. These actions were reflected in the Company’s financial results starting in the second quarter of 2020 by reducing on-going operating expenses and helped accelerate its ability to achieve profitability. In 2020, the Company also issued additional convertible senior notes and entered into a new credit facility thus providing sufficient resources to continue as a going concern for at least one year from the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, that management believes are necessary for the fair statement of the Company's financial statements, but are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for any other future period.
Principles of consolidation. These consolidated financial statements include all the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of estimates. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include those related to revenue recognition and the allocation of the transaction price (including sales incentives, sales returns and implied post contract support), inventory valuation, product warranty liabilities, the valuation, impairment and useful lives of long-lived assets (property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, intangible assets and goodwill), fair value of convertible senior notes, and income taxes. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, including but not limited to the potential impacts arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The extent and continued impact of COVID-19 has been taken into account by management in making the significant assumptions and estimates related to the above; however, if the duration and spread of the outbreak, the impact on our customers, and the effect on our contract manufacturers, vendors and supply chains is different from the Company’s estimates and assumptions, then actual results could differ materially. Given the uncertainty with respect to COVID-19, the Company’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations could be affected.
Comprehensive income (loss). For all periods presented, comprehensive income (loss) approximated net income (loss). Therefore, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) have been omitted.
Cash equivalents and marketable securities. Cash equivalents primarily consist of investments in money market funds with maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase. Marketable securities consist of commercial paper, U.S. treasury securities and corporate debt securities, and are classified as available-for-sale securities. The Company views these securities as available to support current operations and has classified all
72

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
available-for-sale securities as current assets. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, if any, included in stockholders’ equity. Unrealized gains and losses are charged against other income (expense), net, for declines in fair value below the cost of an individual investment that is deemed to be other than temporary. The Company has not identified any marketable securities as other-than-temporarily impaired for the periods presented. The cost of securities sold is based upon a specific identification method.
Restricted cash. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had an outstanding letter of credit collateralized by a money market account of $2.0 million and zero, respectively, for certain duty related requirements.
Accounts receivable. Accounts receivable are stated at invoice value less estimated allowances for doubtful accounts. Allowances are recorded based on the Company’s assessment of various factors, such as: historical experience, credit quality of its customers, age of the accounts receivable balances, geographic related risks, economic conditions and other factors that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
Inventory. Inventory consists of finished goods and component parts, which are purchased directly from contract manufacturers or from suppliers. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company writes down its inventory for estimated obsolescence or excess inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and estimated market value plus the estimated cost to sell. The Company’s assessment of market value is based upon assumptions around market conditions and estimated future demand for its products within a specified time horizon, generally 12 months, product life cycle status, product development plans and current sales levels. Adjustments to reduce inventory to net realizable value are recognized in cost of revenue.
Point of purchase (POP) displays. The Company provides retailers with POP displays, generally free of charge, in order to facilitate the marketing of the Company’s products within retail stores. The POP displays contain a display that broadcasts video images taken by GoPro cameras along with product placement available for cameras and accessories. POP display costs are capitalized as long-term assets and charged to sales and marketing expense over the expected period of benefit, which generally ranges from 24 to 36 months. Cash outflows and amortization related to POP displays are classified as operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows.
Property and equipment, net. Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, ranging from one to nine years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or their expected useful life. Property and equipment pending installation, configuration or qualification are classified as construction in progress. Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred.
Fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The Company estimates and categorizes the fair value of its financial assets by applying the following hierarchy:

Level 1 | Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to directly access.
Level 2 | Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; valuations for interest-bearing securities based on non-daily quoted prices in active markets; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 | Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Leases. The Company leases its office space and facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases. Operating leases are presented as operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, short-term operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets
73

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
represent the Company’s right to control the use of an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.
Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of future lease payments. The Company determines its incremental borrowing rate based on the approximate rate at which the Company would borrow, on a secured basis, to calculate the present value of future lease payments. Lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Certain leases include an option to renew with terms that can extend the lease term from one to five years. The exercise of a lease renewal option is at the Company’s sole discretion and is included in the lease term when the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise the option.
Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company recognized leases under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, which had the following differences from the current lease standard, ASC 842, Leases:
•Operating leases were previously not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
•The Company calculated a liability for future costs to be incurred under a lease for its remaining term without economic benefit to the Company upon determination of a cease-use date. The fair value of the liability was determined based on remaining lease payments, estimated sublease income and the effects of any prepaid or deferred items recognized under the lease.
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. Acquired intangible assets other than goodwill are amortized over their useful lives unless the lives are determined to be indefinite. For intangible assets acquired in a business combination, the determination of the estimated fair values of the assets received involves significant judgments and estimates. These judgments can include, but are not limited to, the cash flows that an asset is expected to generate in the future, technology obsolescence, and the appropriated weighted-average cost of capital. Valuation approaches consistent with the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used to measure fair value.
Impairment of goodwill and long-lived assets. The Company performs an annual assessment of its goodwill during the fourth quarter of each calendar year or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, such as an adverse change in business climate or a decline in the overall industry demand, that would indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of its single reporting unit is less than its carrying value. There was no impairment of goodwill recorded for any periods presented. For the Company’s annual impairment testing in 2020, the Company did not identify any indicators of potential impairment of its single reporting unit. Other indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed for impairment at least annually. If their carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, the difference is recorded as an impairment.
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, intangible assets subject to amortization and right-of-use assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by comparing the carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. If it is determined that an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. The Company recorded a $12.5 million right-of-use asset impairment in 2020 primarily related to its headquarter campus as described further in Note 11 Restructuring charges. The Company used the following significant assumptions to determine the impairment charge: future sublease rental rates, future sublease market conditions and a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital. The Company did not record any impairment charges in 2019 or 2018.
Warranty. The Company records a liability for estimated product warranty costs at the time product revenue is recognized. The Company’s standard warranty obligation to its end-users generally provides a 12-month warranty coverage on all of its products except in the European Union where the Company provides a 2-year warranty. The Company also offers extended warranty programs for a fee. The Company’s estimate of costs to service its warranty obligations is based on its historical experience of repair and replacement of the associated products and expectations of future conditions. The warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related use of materials, labor costs and freight incurred in correcting any product failure.
74

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Convertible Senior Notes. In April 2017, the Company issued $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due April 15, 2022 (2022 Notes). In November 2020, the Company issued $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due November 15, 2025 (2025 Notes). Concurrently with the issuance of the 2025 Notes, the Company used a portion of the net proceeds to repurchase part of the 2022 Notes. See Note 4 Financing Arrangements for additional details.
The Company accounts for its 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options. As the Company’s 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes have a net settlement feature and may be settled wholly or partially in cash upon conversion, the Company is required to separately account for the liability (debt) and equity (conversion option) components of the instrument. The carrying amount of the liability component of the instrument is determined by estimating the fair value of a similar liability without the conversion option using income and market based approaches. The amount of the equity component is then calculated by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the principal amount of the instrument. The difference between the principal amount and the liability component represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the convertible senior notes using an effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes, the allocation of issuance costs incurred between the liability and equity components were based on their relative values.
The total consideration for the 2022 Notes partial repurchase was separated into liability and equity components by estimating the fair value of a similar liability without a conversion option and assigning the residual value to the equity component. The effective interest rate used to estimate the fair value of the liability component of the 2022 Notes partial repurchase is based on the income approach used to determine the effective interest rate of the 2025 Notes, adjusted for the remaining term of the 2022 Notes. The gain or loss on extinguishment of the debt was subsequently determined by comparing repurchase consideration allocated to the liability component to the sum of the carrying value of the liability component, net of the proportionate amounts of unamortized debt discount and remaining unamortized debt issuance costs.
Revenue recognition. The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the sale of cameras, mounts and accessories, the related implied post contract support to customers and subscription services. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The transaction price the Company expects to be entitled to is primarily comprised of product revenue, net of returns and variable consideration, including sales incentives provided to customers.
For most of the Company’s revenue, revenue is recognized at the time products are delivered and when collection is considered probable. For the Company’s subscription services, revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the subscription term, with payments received in advance of services being rendered recorded in deferred revenue. For customers who purchase products directly from GoPro.com, the Company retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit, which are accounted for as fulfillment costs. The Company provides sales commissions to internal and external sales representatives which are earned in the period in which revenue is recognized. As a result, the Company expenses such costs as incurred under Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-19 Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which was adopted on January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company’s accumulated deficit increased by $2.9 million, of which, $4.9 million related to certain estimated sales incentives which would have been recognized at the time product was shipped in the prior period, partially offset by $2.0 million related to sales from gopro.com that had been shipped but not delivered as of December 31, 2017.
The Company's standard terms and conditions of sale for non-web-based sales do not allow for product returns other than under warranty. However, the Company grants limited rights of return, primarily to certain large retailers. The Company reduces revenue and cost of sales for the estimated returns based on analyses of historical return trends by customer class and other factors. An estimated return liability along with a right to recover assets are recorded for future product returns. Return trends are influenced by product life cycles, new product introductions, market acceptance of products, product sell-through, the type of customer, seasonality and other factors. Return rates may fluctuate over time but are sufficiently predictable to allow the Company to estimate expected future product returns.
75

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company’s camera sales contain multiple performance obligations that can include four separate obligations: a) a hardware component (camera and/or accessories) and the embedded firmware essential to the functionality of the hardware component delivered at the time of sale, b) the implicit right to our downloadable free apps and software solutions, c) the implied right for the customer to receive post contract support after the initial sale (PCS), and d) a subscription service. The Company’s PCS includes the right to receive, on a when and if available basis, future unspecified firmware upgrades and features as well as bug fixes, and email and telephone support. The Company allocates a portion of the transaction price to the PCS performance obligation based on a cost-plus methodology. The transaction price is allocated to the remaining performance obligations on a residual value methodology or based on standalone selling price. The Company’s process to allocate the transaction price considers multiple factors that may vary over time depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable, including: the level of support provided to customers, estimated costs to provide the Company’s support, the amount of time and cost that is allocated to the Company’s efforts to develop the undelivered elements, market trends in the pricing for similar offerings and the standalone selling price.
The transaction prices allocated to the delivered hardware, related embedded firmware and free software solutions are recognized as revenue at the time of sale, provided the conditions for recognition of revenue have been met. The transaction price allocated to PCS is deferred and recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated term of the support period, which is estimated to be 15 months based on historical experience. Deferred revenue as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 also included amounts related to the Company’s subscription services. The Company’s short-term and long-term deferred revenue balances totaled $29.3 million and $16.6 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Of the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $15.4 million and $15.0 million of revenue during the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company recognized revenue under ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. ASC 605 is materially similar to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, with the following differences:
•The Company recognized revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement existed, delivery had occurred, the sales price was fixed and determinable and collectability was reasonably assured.
•The Company allocated the transaction price based on its best estimate of the selling price (BESP). The Company’s process for determining BESP was materially the same as its’ current allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligations.
•Sales incentives were recorded as a reduction to revenue in the period the incentives were offered to customers ore the related revenue was recognized, whichever was later.
Additionally, the Company allocated the transaction price based on its best estimate of the selling price (BESP). The Company’s process for determining BESP was materially the same as its’ current allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. Lastly, sales incentives were recorded as a reduction to revenue in the period the incentives were offered to customers or the related revenue was recognized, whichever was later.
Sales incentives. The Company offers sales incentives through various programs, including cooperative advertising, marketing development funds and other incentives. Sales incentives are considered to be variable consideration, which the Company estimates and records as a reduction to revenue at the date of sale. The Company estimates sales incentives based on historical experience, product sell-through and other factors.
Shipping costs. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Company’s related shipping and handling costs incurred are classified as cost of revenue.
Sales taxes. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to respective governmental authorities are recorded as liabilities and are not included in revenue.
76

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Advertising costs. Advertising costs consist of costs associated with print, television and e-commerce media advertisements and are expensed as incurred. The Company incurs promotional expenses resulting from payments under event, resort and athlete sponsorship contracts. These sponsorship arrangements are considered to be executory contracts and, as such, the costs are expensed as performance under the contract is received. The costs associated with the preparation of sponsorship activities, including the supply of GoPro products, media team support, and activation fees are expensed as incurred. Prepayments made under sponsorship agreements are included in prepaid expenses or other long-term assets depending on the period to which the prepayment applies. Advertising costs were $34.1 million, $67.3 million and $73.0 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Stock-based compensation. Stock-based awards granted to qualified employees, non-employee directors and consultants are measured at fair value and recognized as an expense. The Company primarily issues restricted stock units and accounts for forfeitures as they occur. For service-based awards, stock-based compensation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For performance and market-based awards which also require a service period, the Company uses graded vesting over the longer of the derived service period or when the performance or market condition is satisfied.
Foreign currency. The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. The Company remeasures monetary assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar using exchange rates prevailing on the balance sheet date, and non-monetary assets and liabilities at historical rates. Foreign currency remeasurement and transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), net and have not been material for any periods presented.
Income taxes. The Company utilizes the asset and liability method for computing its income tax provision, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. Management makes estimates, assumptions and judgments to determine the Company’s provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any valuation allowance recorded against deferred tax assets. The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income in each tax jurisdiction and, to the extent the Company believes recovery is not likely, establishes a valuation allowance. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-16 Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory which required the Company to recognize the income tax consequence of intra-entity asset transfers when transfers occur. Upon adoption, the net impact to equity was an increase in the accumulated deficit of $15.0 million. Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company recognized the income tax consequence of intra-entity asset transfers when the asset was sold to an outside party or otherwise recovered through use.
The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized within income tax expense.
Segment information. The Company operates as one operating segment as it only reports financial information on an aggregate and consolidated basis to its Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker.
77

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Recent accounting standards

Standard |  | Description |  | Company’s date of adoption |  | Effect on the consolidated financial statements or other significant matters
Standards that were adopted |  |  |  |
Intangible - Goodwill and Other ASU No. 2017-04 (Topic 350) |  | This standard simplifies the accounting for goodwill and removes Step 2 of the annual goodwill impairment test. Upon adoption, goodwill impairment is determined based on the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The standard is applied on a prospective transition method. |  | January 1, 2020 |  | The adoption of this standard did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ASU No. 2016-13 (Topic 326) |  | The standard changes the impairment model for most financial assets and replaces the existing incurred loss model with a current expected credit loss (CECL) model. The standard is applied on a modified retrospective approach. |  | January 1, 2020 |  | The Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts and valuation of available-for-sale securities are subject to this standard. The Company concluded the adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Standard |  | Description |  | Expected date of adoption |  | Effect on the consolidated financial statements or other significant matters
Standards not yet adopted |  |  |  |
Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) ASU No. 2020-06 |  | This standard simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible debt instruments and contracts on an entity’s own equity. Specifically, the standard removes certain accounting models which separate the embedded conversion features from the host contract for convertible instruments, requiring bifurcation only if the convertible debt feature qualifies as a derivative under ASC 815 or if the convertible debt was issued at a substantial premium. This standard also removes certain settlement conditions required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception. Lastly, entities are required to use the if-converted method for convertible instruments in the diluted earnings per share calculation. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2020. The standard can be applied using a full or modified retrospective approach. |  | January 1, 2022 |  | Upon adoption, the Company expects a decrease to additional paid in capital, an increase in the carrying value of its convertible notes and an increase to retained earnings. After adoption, the Company expects a reduction in its reported interest expense. Additionally, the Company expects the use of the if-converted method for calculating diluted earnings per share will result in an increase in weighted-average shares outstanding. The Company will continue to evaluate the effect that the adoption of this standard will have on its financial statements.

Although there are several other new accounting standards issued or proposed by the FASB, which the Company has adopted or will adopt, as applicable, the Company does not believe any of these accounting pronouncements has had or will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
78

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Fair value measurements
The Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the fair value hierarchy are summarized as follows:

| December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(in thousands) | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  |  |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  |  |  | Total
Cash equivalents (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds | $ | 19,445 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,445 |  |  | $ | 4,413 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,413 |
Total cash equivalents | $ | 19,445 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,445 |  |  | $ | 4,413 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,413 |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,847 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,847 |
Total marketable securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,847 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,847 |

(1) Included in cash and cash equivalents in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash balances were $308.2 million, including $2.0 million of restricted cash, and $145.9 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Cash equivalents and marketable securities are classified as Level 1 or Level 2 because the Company uses quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine their fair value. The contractual maturities of available-for-sale marketable securities as of December 31, 2019 were all less than one year in duration. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no financial assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that were classified as Level 3, which are valued based on inputs supported by little or no market activity.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the amortized cost of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities approximated their fair value and there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate.
In April 2017, the Company issued $175.0 million principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (2022 Notes). In November 2020, the Company issued $143.8 million principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (2025 Notes) (see Note 4 Financing Arrangements). The estimated fair value of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes is based on quoted market prices of the Company’s instruments in markets that are not active and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company estimated the fair value of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes by evaluating quoted market prices and calculating the upfront cash payment a market participant would require to assume these obligations. The calculated fair value of the 2022 Notes was $146.0 million and $170.0 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, while the calculated fair value of the 2025 Notes was $166.8 million as of December 31, 2020. The calculated fair value is highly correlated to the Company’s stock price and as a result, significant changes to the Company’s stock price will have a significant impact on the calculated fair value of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes.
For certain other financial assets and liabilities, including restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current assets and liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate their fair value primarily due to the relatively short maturity of these balances.
The Company also measures certain non-financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily goodwill, intangible assets and operating lease right-of-use assets, in connection with periodic evaluations for potential impairment. In 2020, the fair value of Company’s operating lease right-of-use asset related to its headquarters campus was determined based on unobservable (Level 3) inputs, as discussed in Note 11 Restructuring charges.
79

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
3. Consolidated financial statement details
The following sections and tables provide details of selected balance sheet items.
Inventory

(in thousands) | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Components | $ | 13,229 |  |  | $ | 20,370 |
Finished goods | 84,685 |  |  | 123,866 |
Total inventory | $ | 97,914 |  |  | $ | 144,236 |

Property and equipment, net

(in thousands) | Useful life (in years) |  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements (1) | 1–9 |  | $ | 35,180 |  |  | $ | 50,736 |
Production, engineering and other equipment | 4 |  | 48,908 |  |  | 45,649 |
Tooling | 1–2 |  | 17,635 |  |  | 19,216 |
Computers and software | 2 |  | 22,385 |  |  | 21,719 |
Furniture and office equipment | 3 |  | 6,315 |  |  | 10,846 |
Tradeshow equipment and other | 2–5 |  | 5,860 |  |  | 7,009 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 22 |  |  | 45 |
Gross property and equipment |  |  | 136,305 |  |  | 155,220 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (112,594) |  |  | (118,681) |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | $ | 23,711 |  |  | $ | 36,539 |

(1) Refer to Note 11 Restructuring charges, for details of operating lease right-of-use asset impairment charges recorded in 2020.
Depreciation expense was $14.5 million, $18.5 million and $23.6 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In 2020, the Company recorded accelerated depreciation charges in connection with its plans to vacate certain leased office facilities as disclosed in Note 11 Restructuring charges.
Intangible assets

| Useful life (in months) |  | December 31, 2020
(in thousands) |  |  | Gross carrying value |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Net carrying value
Purchased technology | 20-72 |  | $ | 51,066 |  |  | $ | (49,867) |  |  | $ | 1,199 |
Domain name |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Total intangible assets |  |  | $ | 51,081 |  |  | $ | (49,867) |  |  | $ | 1,214 |

| Useful life (in months) |  | December 31, 2019
(in thousands) |  |  | Gross carrying value |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Net carrying value
Purchased technology | 20-72 |  | $ | 50,501 |  |  | $ | (45,269) |  |  | $ | 5,232 |
Domain name |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  | 15 |
Total intangible assets |  |  | $ | 50,516 |  | $ | (45,269) |  |  | $ | 5,247

80

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Amortization expense was $4.6 million, $7.8 million and $11.4 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. At December 31, 2020, expected amortization expense of intangible assets with definite lives for future periods was as follows:

(in thousands) | Total
Year ending December 31, |
2021 | $ | 1,152 |
2022 | 47 |
| $ | 1,199 |

Other long-term assets

(in thousands) | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Point of purchase (POP) displays | $ | 3,612 |  |  | $ | 7,595 |
Long-term deferred tax assets | 966 |  |  | 864 |
Deposits and other | 7,193 |  |  | 7,002 |
Other long-term assets | $ | 11,771 |  |  | $ | 15,461 |

Amortization expense for POP displays was $4.2 million, $7.5 million and $13.5 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

(in thousands) | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Accrued liabilities (1) | $ | 39,444 |  |  | $ | 42,153 |
Accrued sales incentives | 30,609 |  |  | 39,120 |
Employee related liabilities (1) | 7,067 |  |  | 20,494 |
Return liability | 10,817 |  |  | 14,854 |
Warranty liability | 7,997 |  |  | 9,899 |
Inventory received | 1,709 |  |  | 5,737 |
Customer deposits | 2,347 |  |  | 2,063 |
Purchase order commitments | 1,921 |  |  | 1,710 |
Income taxes payable | 221 |  |  | 1,166 |
Other | 11,644 |  |  | 4,594 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | 113,776 |  |  | $ | 141,790 |

(1) See Note 11 Restructuring charges for amounts associated with restructuring liabilities.
Product warranty

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,398 |  |  | $ | 10,971 |  |  | $ | 10,373 |
Charged to cost of revenue |  |  |  |  | 12,690 |  |  | 16,933 |  |  | 24,725 |
Settlement of warranty claims |  |  |  |  | (15,565) |  |  | (16,506) |  |  | (24,127) |
Warranty liability |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,523 |  |  | $ | 11,398 |  |  | $ | 10,971 |

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $8.0 million and $9.9 million, respectively, of the warranty liability was recorded as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and $0.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively, was recorded as a component of other long-term liabilities.
81

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
4. Financing Arrangements
2016 Credit Facility
In March 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (2016 Credit Agreement) with certain banks which provides for a secured revolving credit facility (2016 Credit Facility) under which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $250.0 million. The Company and its lenders may increase the total commitments under the 2016 Credit Facility to up to an aggregate amount of $300.0 million, subject to certain conditions. The 2016 Credit Facility will terminate and any outstanding borrowings become due and payable in March 2021.
The amount that may be borrowed under the 2016 Credit Facility is determined at periodic intervals and is based upon the Company’s inventory and accounts receivable balances. Borrowed funds accrue interest based on an annual rate of (a) London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or (b) the administrative agent’s base rate, plus an applicable margin of between 1.50% and 2.00% for LIBOR rate loans, and between 0.50% and 1.00% for base rate loans. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the 2016 Credit Facility of 0.25% or 0.375% per annum, based on the level of utilization of the 2016 Credit Facility. Amounts owed under the 2016 Credit Agreement and related credit documents are guaranteed by GoPro, Inc. and its material subsidiaries. GoPro, Inc. has also granted security interests in substantially all of its assets to collateralize this obligation.
The 2016 Credit Agreement contains customary covenants, such as financial statement reporting requirements and limiting the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to pay dividends or incur debt, create liens and encumbrances, make investments, and redeem or repurchase stock. The Company is required to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio if and when the unborrowed availability under the 2016 Credit Facility is less than the greater of $25.0 million or 10.0% of the borrowing base at such time. The 2016 Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, such as the failure to pay obligations when due, initiation of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, or defaults on certain other indebtedness. Upon an event of default, the lenders may, subject to customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding and foreclose on collateral.
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants contained in the 2016 Credit Agreement. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had zero borrowings outstanding on the 2016 Credit Facility. Concurrently with the execution of the 2021 Credit Agreement in January 2021, the Company terminated the 2016 Credit Agreement, which would otherwise have matured on March 25, 2021.
2021 Credit Facility
In January 2021, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement (2021 Credit Agreement) with a certain bank which provides for a revolving credit facility (2021 Credit Facility) under which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate amount of $50.0 million. The 2021 Credit Facility will terminate and any outstanding borrowings become due and payable until the earlier of (i) in January 2024 and (ii) unless the Company has cash in a specified deposit account in an amount equal to or greater than the amount required to repay the Company’s convertible notes due April 2022, 91 days prior to the maturity date of such convertible notes.
The amount that may be borrowed under the 2021 Credit Agreement may be based on a customary borrowing base calculation if the Company’s Asset Coverage Ratio is at any time less than 1.50. The Asset Coverage Ratio is defined as the ratio of (i) the sum of (a) the Company’s cash and cash equivalents in the United States plus specified percentages of other qualified debt investments (Qualified Cash) plus (b) specified percentages of the net book values of the Company’s accounts receivable and certain inventory to (ii) $50.0 million.
At the Company’s option, borrowed funds accrue interest at either (i) a floating rate per annum equal to the base rate plus a margin of from 0.50% to 1.00% depending on the Company’s Asset Coverage Ratio or (ii) a per annum rate equal to the rate at which dollar deposits are offered in the London interbank market plus a margin of from 1.50% to 2.00% depending on the Company’s Asset Coverage Ratio. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused portion of the 2021 Credit Facility of 0.375% to 0.50% per annum, based on the level of utilization of the 2021 Credit Facility. Amounts owed under the 2021 Credit Agreement are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s United States subsidiaries and secured by a first priority security interest in substantially
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all of the asset of the Company and of these subsidiaries (other than intellectual property, which is subject to a negative pledge restricting grants of security interests to third parties).
The 2021 Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, and affirmative and negative covenants. The negative covenants include restrictions on the incurrence of liens and indebtedness, certain investments, dividends, stock repurchases and other matters, all subject to certain exceptions. In addition, the Company is required to maintain Liquidity (the sum of unused availability under the credit facility and the Company’s Qualified Cash) of at least $55.0 million (of which at least $40.0 million shall be attributable to Qualified Cash), or, if the borrowing base is then in effect, minimum unused availability under the credit facility of at least $10.0 million. The 2021 Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default that include, among other things, non-payment of principal, interest or fees, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, violation of certain covenants, cross default to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, material judgments and change of control. Upon an event of default, the lender may, subject to customary cure rights, require the immediate payment of all amounts outstanding.
2022 Convertible Notes
In April 2017, the Company issued $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022 (2022 Notes). The 2022 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of GoPro and mature on April 15, 2022 (Maturity Date), unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of Class A common stock under certain circumstances. The 2022 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election, at an initial conversion rate of 94.0071 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2022 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $10.64 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment. Based on current and projected liquidity, the Company has the intent and ability to deliver cash up to the principal amount of the 2022 Notes then outstanding upon conversion. The Company pays interest on the 2022 Notes semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year.
The $175.0 million of proceeds received from the issuance of the 2022 Notes were allocated between long-term debt (liability component) of $128.3 million and additional paid-in-capital (equity component) of $46.7 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instruments without a conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the aggregate face value of the 2022 Notes. The liability component will be accreted up to the face value of the 2022 Notes of $175.0 million, which will result in additional non-cash interest expense being recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations through the 2022 Notes’ Maturity Date. The accretion of the 2022 Notes to par and debt issuance cost recorded to long-term debt is amortized into interest expense over the term of the 2022 Note using an effective interest rate of approximately 10.5%. The equity component will not be remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.
The Company incurred approximately $5.7 million of issuance costs related to the issuance of the 2022 Notes, of which $4.2 million and $1.5 million were recorded to long-term debt and additional paid-in capital, respectively. The $4.2 million of issuance costs recorded as long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are being amortized over the five-year contractual term of the 2022 Notes using the effective interest method.
The Company may not redeem the 2022 Notes prior to the Maturity Date and no sinking fund is provided for the 2022 Notes. The indenture includes customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2022 Notes may be due and payable immediately.
Holders have the option to convert the 2022 Notes in multiples of $1,000 principal amount at any time prior to January 15, 2022, but only in the following circumstances:
•during any calendar quarter beginning after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2017, if the last reported sale price of Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the last 30 consecutive trading days of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the 2022 Notes on each applicable trading day;
•during the five-business day period following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
price for the 2022 Notes is less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of Class A common stock and the conversion rate for the 2022 Notes on each such trading day; or
•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
At any time on or after January 15, 2022 until the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the Maturity Date of the 2022 Notes on April 15, 2022, a holder may convert its 2022 Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount. Holders of the 2022 Notes who convert their 2022 Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the indenture) are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, in the event of a fundamental change prior to the Maturity Date, holders will, subject to certain conditions, have the right, at their option, to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of the 2022 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the repurchase date.
Concurrently with the November 2020 issuance of the 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (2025 Notes), the Company used $56.2 million of the net cash proceeds from the 2025 Notes to repurchase $50.0 million principal amount of the 2022 Notes through an individual, privately negotiated transaction. The $56.2 million net cash proceeds were allocated between long-term debt (liability component) of $50.6 million and additional paid-in capital (equity component) of $5.4 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the remaining $0.2 million was related to the payment of interest. The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instrument without a conversion feature. The Company’s effective interest rate of 2.4% was based on the trading details of its 2022 Notes immediately prior to the repurchase date to determine the volatility of its 2022 Notes, and its remaining term. The cash consideration allocated to the equity component was calculated by deducting the fair value of the liability component and interest payment from the total aggregate cash consideration. The difference between the fair value of the 2022 Notes repurchased and the carrying value of $45.2 million resulted in a $5.4 million loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2020.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the outstanding principal on the 2022 Notes was $125.0 million and $175.0 million, respectively, the unamortized debt discount was $10.2 million and $24.3 million, respectively, the unamortized debt issuance cost was $0.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and the net carrying amount of the liability component was $114.0 million and $148.8 million, respectively, which was recorded as long-term debt within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded interest expense of $5.9 million, $6.1 million and $6.1 million for contractual coupon interest, respectively, and $9.6 million, $9.0 million and $8.1 million, respectively, for amortization of the debt discount. For the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded $0.8 million for amortization of debt issuance costs.
In connection with the 2022 Notes offering, the Company entered into a prepaid forward stock repurchase transaction (Prepaid Forward) with a financial institution (Forward Counterparty). Pursuant to the Prepaid Forward, the Company used approximately $78.0 million of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2022 Notes to fund the Prepaid Forward. The aggregate number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward was approximately 9.2 million. The expiration date for the Prepaid Forward is April 15, 2022, although it may be settled earlier in whole or in part. Upon settlement of the Prepaid Forward, at expiration or upon any early settlement, the Forward Counterparty will deliver to the Company the number of shares of Class A common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward or the portion thereof being settled early. The shares purchased under the Prepaid Forward are treated as treasury stock on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (and not outstanding for purposes of the calculation of basic and diluted income (loss) per share), but will remain outstanding for corporate law purposes, including for purposes of any future stockholders’ votes, until the Forward Counterparty delivers the shares underlying the Prepaid Forward to the Company. The Company’s Prepaid Forward hedge transaction exposes the Company to credit risk to the extent that its counterparty may be unable to meet the terms of the transaction. The Company mitigates this risk by limiting its counterparty to a major financial institution.
In October 2020, 8.8 million shares out of the 9.2 million shares of Class A common stock underlying the Prepaid Forward entered into as part of the Company’s 2022 Notes were early settled and delivered to the Company. There was no financial statement impact due to the return of shares; however, shares outstanding for corporate law purposes were reduced by the early settlement.
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GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2025 Convertible Notes
In November 2020, the Company issued $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 and granted an option to the initial purchasers to purchase up to an additional $18.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes to cover over-allotments, of which, $18.8 million was subsequently exercised during November 2020, resulting in a total issuance of $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of GoPro and mature on November 15, 2025 (Maturity Date), unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of Class A common stock under certain circumstances. The 2025 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election, at an initial conversion rate of 107.1984 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $9.3285 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment. Based on current and projected liquidity, the Company has the intent and ability to deliver cash up to the principal amount of the 2025 Notes then outstanding upon conversion. The Company pays interest on the 2025 Notes semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year.
The $143.8 million of proceeds received from the issuance of the 2025 Notes were allocated between long-term debt (liability component) of $106.9 million and additional paid-in-capital (equity component) of $36.9 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of the liability component was measured using rates determined for similar debt instruments without a conversion feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the aggregate face value of the 2025 Notes. The liability component will be accreted up to the face value of the 2025 Notes of $143.8 million, which will result in additional non-cash interest expense being recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations through the 2025 Notes’ Maturity Date. The accretion of the 2025 Notes to par and debt issuance cost recorded to long-term debt is amortized into interest expense over the term of the 2025 Note using an effective interest rate of approximately 7.5%. The equity component will not be remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.
The Company incurred approximately $4.7 million of issuance costs related to the issuance of the 2025 Notes, of which $3.5 million and $1.2 million were recorded to long-term debt and additional paid-in capital, respectively. The $3.5 million of issuance costs recorded as long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are being amortized over the five-year contractual term of the 2025 Notes using the effective interest method.
The Company may redeem the 2025 Notes on or after November 20, 2023 for cash all or any portion of the 2025 Notes if the last reported sale price of our common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides the redemption notice, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued interest and unpaid interest to, but excluding the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2025 Notes. The indenture includes customary terms and covenants, including certain events of default after which the 2025 Notes may be due and payable immediately.
Holders have the option to convert the 2025 Notes in multiples of $1,000 principal amount at any time prior to August 15, 2025, but only in the following circumstances:
•during any calendar quarter beginning after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2021, if the last reported sale price of Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the last 30 consecutive trading days of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price of the 2025 Notes on each applicable trading day;
•during the five-business day period following any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price for the 2025 Notes is less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of Class A common stock and the conversion rate for the 2025 Notes on each such trading day;
•if the Company call any or all of the 2025 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately before the redemption date; or
•upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
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GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
At any time on or after August 15, 2025 until the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the Maturity Date of the 2025 Notes on November 15, 2025, a holder may convert its 2025 Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount. Holders of the 2025 Notes who convert their 2025 Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the indenture) are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, in the event of a fundamental change prior to the Maturity Date, holders will, subject to certain conditions, have the right, at their option, to require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of the 2025 Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the repurchase date.
As of December 31, 2020, the outstanding principal on the 2025 Notes was $143.8 million, the unamortized debt discount was $36.1 million, the unamortized debt issuance cost was $3.4 million and the net carrying amount of the liability component was $104.2 million, which was recorded as long-term debt within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded interest expense of $0.2 million for contractual coupon interest, $0.1 million for amortization of debt issuance costs, and $0.8 million for amortization of the debt discount.
In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the Company paid $10.2 million to enter into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions (Capped Calls). The Capped Calls have an initial strike price of $9.3285 per share, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 Notes. The Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the 2025 Notes, the number of Class A common stock initially underlying the 2025 Notes. The Capped Calls are generally expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class A common stock upon any conversion of the 2025 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2025 Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap, initially equal to $12.0925, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call transactions. The Capped Call will expire in November 2025, if not exercised earlier.
The Capped Calls are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including merger events, tender offers and announcement events. In addition, the Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings and hedging disruptions. For accounting purposes, the Capped Calls are separate transactions, and not part of the terms of the 2025 Notes. As these transactions meet certain accounting criteria, the Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders’ equity as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet certain accounting criteria.
5. Stockholders’ equity
Common stock. The Company has two classes of authorized common stock: Class A common stock with 500 million shares authorized and Class B common stock with 150 million shares authorized. As of December 31, 2020, 122.2 million shares of Class A stock were issued and outstanding and 28.9 million shares of Class B stock were issued and outstanding. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting power and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the stockholder into one share of Class A common stock and has no expiration date. The Class B common stock is also convertible into Class A common stock on the same basis upon any transfer, whether or not for value, except for “permitted transfers” as defined in the Company’s restated certificate of incorporation. Each share of Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon the date when the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock then outstanding. As of December 31, 2020, the Class B stock continued to represent greater than 10% of the overall outstanding shares.
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GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company had the following shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of equity instruments as of December 31, 2020:

(in thousands) | December 31, 2020
Stock options outstanding | 3,431 |
Restricted stock units outstanding | 10,639 |
Performance stock units outstanding | 1,319 |
Common stock available for future grants | 32,795 |
Total common stock shares reserved for issuance | 48,184 |

6. Employee benefit plans
Equity incentive plans. The Company has outstanding equity grants from its three stock-based employee compensation plans: the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (2014 Plan), the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (2010 Plan) and the 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). No new options or awards have been granted under the 2010 Plan since June 2014. Outstanding options and awards under the 2010 Plan continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2010 Plan.
The 2014 Plan serves as a successor to the 2010 Plan and provides for the granting of incentive and nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards (RSAs), restricted stock units (RSUs), stock appreciation rights, stock bonus awards and performance awards to qualified employees, non-employee directors and consultants. Options granted under the 2014 Plan generally expire within ten years from the date of grant and generally vest over one to four years. Restricted stock units (RSUs) granted under the 2014 Plan generally vest over two to four years based upon continued service and are settled at vesting in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. Performance stock units (PSUs) granted under the 2014 Plan generally vest over three years based upon continued service and the Company achieving certain targets, and are settled at vesting in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock-based payment awards in the period they occur.
The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the stock as of the first date or the ending date of each six-month offering period. The 2014 Plan and the ESPP also provide for automatic annual increases in the number of shares reserved for future issuance.
Employee retirement plan. The Company has a defined contribution retirement plan covering the United States and other international full-time employees that provides for voluntary employee contributions from 1% to 100% of annual compensation, subject to a maximum limit allowed by Internal Revenue Service guidelines. The Company matched 100% of each employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 4% of the employee’s eligible compensation until May 2020, at which point the Company suspended matching contributions. The Company’s matching contributions to the plan were $1.4 million, $4.0 million and $4.3 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
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GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
S tock options
A summary of the Company’s stock option activity is as follows:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-average exercise price |  | Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) |  | Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 | 3,963 |  |  | $ | 10.16 |  |  | 6.35 |  | $ | 374 |
Granted | 1,025 |  |  | 4.01 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (357) |  |  | 5.50 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/Cancelled | (1,200) |  |  | 10.20 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2020 | 3,431 |  |  | $ | 8.79 |  |  | 6.50 |  | $ | 6,259 |
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2020 | 3,431 |  |  | $ | 8.79 |  |  | 6.50 |  | $ | 6,259 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2020 | 2,195 |  |  | $ | 11.06 |  |  | 5.18 |  | $ | 1,893 |

The weighted-average grant date fair value of all options granted and assumed was $2.03, $3.70 and $2.95 per share in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The total fair value of all options vested was $1.7 million, $3.5 million and $6.1 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of the stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2020 represents the value of the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the year in excess of the exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding.
Restricted stock units
A summary of the Company’s RSU activity is as follows:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-average grant date fair value
Non-vested shares at December 31, 2019 | 8,225 |  |  | $ | 6.11 |
Granted | 8,759 |  |  | 4.59 |
Vested | (3,962) |  |  | 6.04 |
Forfeited | (2,383) |  |  | 5.40 |
Non-vested shares at December 31, 2020 | 10,639 |  |  | $ | 5.04 |

The weighted-average grant date fair value of all RSUs granted was $4.59, $5.70 and $5.83 per share in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The total fair value of all RSUs vested was $23.9 million, $34.9 million and $41.6 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Performance stock units
A summary of the Company’s PSU activity is as follows:

| Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-average grant date fair value
Non-vested shares at December 31, 2019 | 788 |  |  | $ | 7.51 |
Granted | 1,231 |  |  | 4.05 |
Vested | (247) |  |  | 7.50 |
Forfeited | (453) |  |  | 6.92 |
Non-vested shares at December 31, 2020 | 1,319 |  |  | $ | 4.48 |

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GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The weighted-average grant date fair value of all PSUs granted was $4.05, $7.51 and $5.76 in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The total fair value of all PSUs vested was $1.9 million in 2020. No PSUs vested in 2019 or 2018.
Employee stock purchase plan. In 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company issued 1 million, 958 thousand and 981 thousand shares under its ESPP, respectively, at weighted-average prices of $3.42, $4.13 and $4.78, respectively.
Fair value disclosures. The Company measures compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards based on the estimated fair values on the date of the grant. The fair value of RSUs and PSUs are determined using the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for PSUs when it is probable that the vesting conditions will be met. The fair value of stock options granted and purchases under the Company’s ESPP is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected term of stock options granted was estimated based on the simplified method. Expected stock price volatility was estimated by taking the Company’s average historic volatility and if applicable, the historical volatility for industry peers based on daily price observations over a period equivalent to the expected term. Risk-free interest rate was based on the yields of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities similar to the expected term. Dividend yield was zero as the Company does not have any history of, nor plans to make, dividend payments.
The fair value of stock options granted was estimated as of the grant date using the following assumptions:

| Year ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Volatility | 51%-64% |  | 50%-52% |  | 51%
Expected term (years) | 6.1 |  | 6.1 |  | 5.4-6.1
Risk-free interest rate | 0.4%-1.5% |  | 1.5%-2.2% |  | 2.7%-3.0%
Dividend yield | —% |  | —% |  | —%

The fair value of stock purchase rights granted under the ESPP was estimated using the following assumptions:

| Year ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Volatility | 60%-98% |  | 41%-54% |  | 48%-53%
Expected term (years) | 0.5 |  | 0.5 |  | 0.5
Risk-free interest rate | 0.1%-1.6% |  | 1.9%-2.5% |  | 1.8%-2.2%
Dividend yield | —% |  | —% |  | —%

Stock-based compensation expense. The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,548 |  |  | $ | 1,902 |  |  | $ | 1,954 |
Research and development |  |  |  |  | 13,415 |  |  | 17,167 |  |  | 19,636 |
Sales and marketing |  |  |  |  | 5,779 |  |  | 8,043 |  |  | 9,459 |
General and administrative |  |  |  |  | 9,221 |  |  | 10,076 |  |  | 9,838 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 29,963 |  |  | $ | 37,188 |  |  | $ | 40,887 |

The income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense was zero for 2020, 2019 and 2018 due to a full valuation allowance on the Company’s United States net deferred tax assets (see Note 8 Income taxes).
At December 31, 2020, total unearned stock-based compensation of $47.7 million related to stock options, RSUs, PSUs and ESPP shares is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.
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GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
7. Net loss per share
The following table presents the calculations of basic and diluted net loss per share:

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | $ | (66,783) |  |  | $ | (14,642) |  |  | $ | (109,034) |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares - basic and diluted for Class A and Class B common stock |  |  |  |  | 149,037 |  |  | 144,891 |  |  | 139,495 |
Basic and diluted net loss per share |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.45) |  |  | $ | (0.10) |  |  | $ | (0.78) |

The following potentially dilutive shares were not included in the calculation of diluted shares outstanding as the effect would have been anti-dilutive:

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Anti-dilutive stock-based awards |  |  |  |  | 15,856 |  |  | 13,527 |  |  | 15,834 |

The Company has the intent and ability to deliver cash up to the principal amount of the 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes subject to conversion, based on the Company’s current and projected liquidity. As such, no shares associated with the 2022 Note and 2025 Note conversion were included in the Company’s weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for any periods presented. The Company’s 2022 Notes mature on April 15, 2022 and the 2025 Notes mature on November 15, 2025, unless earlier repurchased or converted into shares of Class A common stock under certain circumstances as described further in Note 4 Financing Arrangements. The 2022 Notes and 2025 Notes are convertible into cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. While the Company has the intent and ability to deliver cash up to the principal amount, the maximum number of shares issuable upon conversion of the 2022 Notes is 20.6 million shares of Class A common stock and 20.8 million shares of Class A common stock upon conversion of the 2025 Notes. Additionally, the calculation of weighted-average shares outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 excludes approximately 9.2 million shares effectively repurchased and held in treasury stock on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a result of the Prepaid Forward transaction entered into in connection with the 2022 Note offering.
The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible at any time at the option of the stockholder into one share of Class A common stock and has no expiration date. Each share of Class B common stock will convert automatically into one share of Class A common stock upon the date when the outstanding shares of Class B common stock represent less than 10% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock then outstanding. Class A common stock is not convertible into Class B common stock. The computation of the diluted net loss per share of Class A common stock assumes the conversion of Class B common stock.
90

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
8. Income taxes
Loss before income taxes consisted of the following:

| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
United States | $ | (70,572) |  |  | $ | (28,233) |  |  | $ | (110,318) |
Foreign | 8,615 |  |  | 9,163 |  |  | 2,643 |
Loss before income taxes | $ | (61,957) |  |  | $ | (19,070) |  |  | $ | (107,675) |

Income tax (benefit) expense consisted of the following:

| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | (164) |  |  | $ | (52) |  |  | $ | (2,821) |
State | 84 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 175 |
Foreign | 4,956 |  |  | (4,391) |  |  | 4,394 |
Total current | 4,876 |  |  | (4,395) |  |  | 1,748 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |
Foreign | (50) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (637) |
Total deferred | (50) |  |  | (33) |  |  | (389) |
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | 4,826 |  |  | $ | (4,428) |  |  | $ | 1,359 |

| Year ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
(dollars in thousands) | $ |  | % |  | $ |  | % |  | $ |  | %
Reconciliation to statutory rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax at federal statutory rate | $ | (13,011) |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | (4,005) |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | (22,612) |  |  | 21.0 | %
Change in valuation allowance | 16,767 |  |  | (27.1) |  |  | 4,717 |  |  | (24.7) |  |  | 42,772 |  |  | (39.7) |
Impact of foreign operations | 5,010 |  |  | (8.1) |  |  | (3,949) |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 3,285 |  |  | (3.1) |
Stock-based compensation | 696 |  |  | (1.1) |  |  | 1,731 |  |  | (9.1) |  |  | 10,974 |  |  | (10.2) |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | (682) |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1,872 |  |  | (9.8) |  |  | (2,997) |  |  | 2.8 |
Impact of IRS audit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,687) |  |  | 9.0 |
Restructuring adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,694) |  |  | 17.4 |
Tax credits | (3,538) |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | (5,123) |  |  | 26.8 |  |  | (5,996) |  |  | 5.6 |
Permanent tax adjustments | 123 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | 305 |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | 3,786 |  |  | (3.5) |
Other | (539) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 528 |  |  | (0.6) |
Income tax provision at effective tax rate | $ | 4,826 |  |  | (7.8) | % |  | $ | (4,428) |  |  | 23.2 | % |  | $ | 1,359 |  |  | (1.3) | %

The negative effective tax rate of 7.8% for 2020 primarily resulted from a significant benefit on pre-tax book losses, offset by the valuation allowance on United States federal and state deferred tax assets and by income taxes paid or accrued in profitable foreign jurisdictions (primarily wholly owned subsidiaries in Europe). The effective tax rate of 23.2% for 2019 resulted from a benefit primarily related to an overall decrease in losses before income taxes, a benefit from the reversal of a previously accrued tax provision on uncertain tax positions that were no longer necessary due to the expiration of the statute of limitations and settlements with certain taxing jurisdictions, partially offset by the valuation allowance on United States federal and state net deferred tax assets and a shortfall tax impact from stock-based compensation.
91

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 177,987 |  |  | $ | 163,832 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 79,694 |  |  | 75,624 |
Stock-based compensation | 5,192 |  |  | 5,710 |
Allowance for returns | 2,492 |  |  | 4,150 |
Intangible assets | 5,453 |  |  | 5,384 |
Operating lease liabilities | 14,104 |  |  | 16,602 |
Accruals and reserves | 11,687 |  |  | 19,493 |
Total deferred tax assets | 296,609 |  |  | 290,795 |
Valuation allowance | (287,276) |  |  | (277,693) |
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | $ | 9,333 |  |  | $ | 13,102 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | (1,112) |  |  | — |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | (7,255) |  |  | (12,238) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (8,367) |  |  | (12,238) |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 966 |  |  | $ | 864 |

Recognition of deferred tax assets is appropriate when the realization of such assets is more likely than not. Based upon the weight of available evidence, the Company believes it is not more likely than not that the United States deferred tax assets will be realized. Accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established and maintained against United States deferred tax assets. The remaining deferred tax asset balances at December 31, 2020 reflect foreign deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction and are supported by taxable income or in the case of acquired companies, by the future reversal of deferred tax liabilities. It is more likely than not that the Company’s foreign deferred tax assets will be realized and thus, a valuation allowance is not required on its foreign deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to assess the realizability of the deferred tax assets in each of the applicable jurisdictions going forward. The deferred tax assets and liabilities disclosure at December 31, 2019 has been adjusted to reflect the gross deferred tax right-of-use asset and the related gross deferred tax lease liability recognized in accordance with ASC 842 Leases. The Company’s valuation allowance increased by $9.6 million to $287.3 million as of December 31, 2020, primarily due to a $16.8 million change in United States deferred tax assets, offset by a $7.2 million reversal of valuation allowance due to the partial extinguishment of debt recorded in 2020.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s federal, California and other state net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were $680.2 million, $239.7 million and $234.7 million, net of reserves, respectively. Also, the Company’s federal and California state tax credit carryforwards were $45.8 million and $42.9 million, net of reserves, respectively. If not utilized, federal net operating losses that arose before 2018, federal credit and California loss carryforwards will begin to expire from 2030 to 2038, while other state loss carryforwards will begin to expire from 2021 to 2040. Federal net operating losses that arise after 2017 and all California tax credits will be carried forward indefinitely.
Under the provisions of §382 of the Internal Revenue Code, a change of control may impose an annual limitation on the amount of the Company’s net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards that can be used to reduce future tax liabilities. Of the Company’s total $680.2 million federal net operating loss carryforwards, approximately $8.1 million was from one of the Company’s acquisitions in 2016. These acquired tax attributes are subject to an annual limitation of $1.7 million per year for federal purposes and will begin to expire in the year 2034, if not utilized.
92

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Uncertain income tax positions. The Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $27.5 million, $27.2 million and $32.6 million, as of December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For fiscal year 2020, 2019 and 2018, total unrecognized income tax benefits were $15.3 million, $12.5 million and $17.3 million, respectively, and if recognized, would reduce income tax expense after considering the impact of the change in the valuation allowance in the United States. A material portion of the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would increase the Company’s net operating loss carryforward, which would be offset by a full valuation allowance based on present circumstances.
These unrecognized tax benefits relate primarily to unresolved matters with taxing authorities regarding the Company’s transfer pricing positions and tax positions based on the Company’s interpretation of certain United States trial and appellate court decisions, which remain subject to appeal and therefore could be overturned in future periods. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, the Company believes that its reserves reflect the more likely outcome. The Company believes, due to statute of limitations expiration, that within the next 12 months it is possible that up to $13.0 million of uncertain tax positions could be released. It is also reasonably possible that additional uncertain tax positions will be added. It is not reasonably possible at this time to quantify the net effect.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized income tax benefits are as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance at January 1 | $ | 27,178 |  |  | $ | 32,556 |  |  | $ | 58,584 |
Increase related to current year tax positions | 2,541 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 483 |
Increase related to prior year tax positions | 1,681 |  |  | — |  |  | 445 |
Decrease related to prior year tax positions | (3,929) |  |  | (5,628) |  |  | (26,956) |
Balance at December 31 | $ | 27,471 |  |  | $ | 27,178 |  |  | $ | 32,556 |

The Company’s policy is to account for interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities within the provision for income taxes. The balances of accrued interest and penalties recorded in the balance sheets and provision were not material for any period presented.
The Company files income tax returns in the United States and in non-United States jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2020, the Company continues to assert indefinite reinvestment to the extent of any foreign withholding taxes on the undistributed earnings related to these foreign branches. Any foreign withholding tax on these earnings is deemed not to be material.
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) and the Consolidated Appropriations Act (CAA), were enacted into law on March 27, 2020 and December 27, 2020, respectively, to respond to the economic challenges due to COVID-19. The Company reviewed the tax impact of the CARES Act and the CAA, and determined that the effective tax rate is not materially impacted.
9. Commitments, contingencies and guarantees
Facility Leases. The Company leases its facilities under long-term operating leases, which expire at various dates through 2027.
93

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The components of net lease cost, which were recorded in operating expenses, were as follows:

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 (1) |  | 2019 (1) |  | 2018 (2)
Operating lease cost (1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,815 |  |  | $ | 17,811 |  |  | $ | 13,649 |
Sublease income |  |  |  |  | (526) |  |  | (656) |  |  | (765) |
Right-of-use asset impairment cost |  |  |  |  | 12,460 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net lease cost |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,749 |  |  | $ | 17,155 |  |  | $ | 12,884 |

(1) Operating lease cost includes variable lease costs, which are immaterial.
(2) Represents rent expense and sublease income under ASC 840, Leases.
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

|  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 14,310 |  |  | $ | 14,015 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities |  | 1,343 |  |  | 13,287 |
Operating lease modifications to decrease right-of-use assets |  | (2,251) |  |  | — |

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

|  | December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) - operating leases |  | 5.53 |  | 6.44
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases |  | 6.2% |  | 6.2%

As of December 31, 2020, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | December 31, 2020
2021 |  | $ | 12,794 |
2022 |  | 12,945 |
2023 |  | 11,924 |
2024 |  | 11,519 |
2025 |  | 11,306 |
Thereafter |  | 12,626 |
Total lease payments |  | 73,114 |
Less: Imputed interest |  | (12,112) |
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 61,002 |

94

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Other Commitments. In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into multi-year agreements to purchase sponsorships with event organizers, resorts and athletes as part of its marketing efforts; software licenses related to its financial and IT systems; debt agreements; and various other contractual commitments. As of December 31, 2020, future commitments were as follows:

(in thousands) | Total |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | Thereafter
Sponsorship commitments | $ | 1,509 |  |  | $ | 1,059 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Other contractual commitments | 27,526 |  |  | 19,165 |  |  | 6,361 |  |  | 1,882 |  |  | 118 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Long-term debt (1) | 284,268 |  |  | 7,279 |  |  | 128,073 |  |  | 1,797 |  |  | 1,797 |  |  | 145,322 |  |  | — |
Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 313,303 |  |  | $ | 27,503 |  |  | $ | 134,884 |  |  | $ | 3,679 |  |  | $ | 1,915 |  |  | $ | 145,322 |  |  | $ | — |

(1) The Company's convertible senior notes are due in April 2022 and November 2025. The balances include accrued and unpaid interest as of December 31, 2020. Refer to Note 4 Financing Arrangements.
Legal proceedings and investigations. On February 13, 2018 and February 27, 2018, two purported shareholder derivative lawsuits (the Consolidated Federal Derivative Actions) were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against certain of GoPro’s current and former directors and executive officers and naming the Company as a nominal defendant. The Consolidated Federal Derivative Actions are based on allegations similar to those in two now-resolved shareholder class actions - one filed in 2016 which was settled and received final approval of the Court on September 20, 2019, and the other filed in 2018 which had final judgment entered in favor of defendants on June 24, 2019, following the Court’s granting of defendants’ motion to dismiss. The Consolidated Federal Derivative Actions assert causes of action against the individual defendants for breach of fiduciary duty, and for making false and misleading statements about the Company’s business, operations and prospects in violation of Sections 10(b) and 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The plaintiffs seek corporate reforms, disgorgement of profits from stock sales, and fees and costs. On June 15, 2020, defendants moved to dismiss the complaint.
Different shareholders filed two similar purported shareholder derivative actions on October 30, 2018 and November 7, 2018 in the Delaware Court of Chancery (the Consolidated Delaware Derivative Actions). On April 28, 2020, the Court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the Consolidated Delaware Derivative Actions with prejudice. On May 8, 2020, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal. On February 3, 2021, the Delaware Supreme Court stayed the appeal pending final approval of the below described Settlement.
Other shareholders filed similar purported shareholder derivative actions on December 26, 2018, February 15, 2019, and January 27, 2020 in the Delaware Court of Chancery. Those actions are either stayed or defendants’ time to respond to the complaint has not yet passed.
Following settlement negotiations, an agreement in principle to settle all derivative claims on behalf of the Company (the Settlement) was reached by plaintiffs in the Consolidated Federal Derivative Actions, the Consolidated Delaware Derivative Actions, certain other plaintiffs (the Settling Plaintiffs), and the current and former executive officers and members of the Company’s Board. On February 9, 2021, the Settling Plaintiffs filed a motion for preliminary approval of the Settlement in the Consolidated Federal Derivative Actions. The Settlement is subject to court approval and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
On January 5, 2015, Contour LLC filed a complaint against the Company in federal court in Utah alleging, among other things, patent infringement in relation to certain GoPro cameras. On November 30, 2015, Contour dismissed the Utah action. On November 30, 2015, Contour IP Holdings LLC (CIPH), a non-practicing entity re-filed a similar complaint in Delaware seeking unspecified damages. GoPro filed an inter partes review (IPR) at the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The case was transferred to the Northern District of California in July 2017 and was stayed pending the IPR proceedings. Upon conclusion of the IPRs, the District Court lifted the stay on October 1, 2019. Due to COVID-19 delays, the trial is now scheduled to commence on May 10, 2021. The Company believes that this matter lacks merit, and intends to vigorously defend against CIPH.
The Company regularly evaluates the associated developments of the legal proceedings described above, as well as other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. While litigation is inherently uncertain, based on the currently available information, the Company is unable to determine a loss or a range of loss, and
95

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
does not believe the ultimate cost to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
Indemnifications. The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers which requires the Company to indemnify its directors and executive officers against liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service. In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties, and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but have not yet been made. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification agreements due to the Company’s limited history with indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. As of December 31, 2020, the Company has not paid any claims nor has it been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.
10. Concentrations of risk and geographic information
Concentration of risk. Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk includes cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and derivative instruments, including the Capped Calls associated with the 2025 Notes. The Company places cash and cash-equivalents with high-credit-quality financial institutions, however the Company maintains cash balances in excess of the FDIC insurance limits. The Company believes that credit risk for accounts receivable is mitigated by the Company’s credit evaluation process, relatively short collection terms and dispersion of its customer base. The Company generally does not require collateral and losses on trade receivables have historically been within management’s expectations. The Company believes its’ counterparty credit risk related to its’ derivative instruments is mitigated by transacting with major financial institutions with high credit ratings.
Customers who represented 10% or more of the Company’s net accounts receivable balance were as follows:

| December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Customer A | 23% |  | 11%
Customer B | 15% |  | 15%
Customer C | 12% |  | *

* Less than 10% of net accounts receivable for the period indicated.
The following table summarizes the Company’s accounts receivables sold, without recourse, and factoring fees paid:

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Accounts receivable sold |  |  |  |  | $ | 99,410 |  |  | $ | 120,728 |  |  | $ | 126,220 |
Factoring fees |  |  |  |  | 678 |  |  | 1,509 |  |  | 1,639 |

Third-party customers who represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:

|  |  | Year ended December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Customer A |  |  |  |  | 10% |  | 11% |  | 13%

Supplier concentration. The Company relies on third parties for the supply and manufacture of its products, some of which are sole-source suppliers. The Company believes that outsourcing manufacturing enables greater
96

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
scale and flexibility. As demand and product lines change, the Company periodically evaluates the need and advisability of adding manufacturers to support its operations. In instances where a supply and manufacture agreement does not exist or suppliers fail to perform their obligations, the Company may be unable to find alternative suppliers or satisfactorily deliver its products to its customers on time, if at all. The Company also relies on third parties with whom it outsources supply chain activities related to inventory warehousing, order fulfillment, distribution and other direct sales logistics. In instances where an outsourcing agreement does not exist or these third parties fail to perform their obligations, the Company may be unable to find alternative partners or satisfactorily deliver its products to its customers on time.
Geographic information
Revenue by geographic region was as follows:

|  |  | Year ended December 31, |  | 2020 vs 2019 |  | 2019 vs 2018
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | % Change |  | % Change
Americas |  |  |  |  | $ | 483,331 |  |  | $ | 523,975 |  |  | $ | 494,797 |  |  | (8) | % |  | 6 | %
Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) |  |  |  |  | 218,670 |  |  | 359,187 |  |  | 366,438 |  |  | (39) |  |  | (2) |
Asia and Pacific (APAC) |  |  |  |  | 189,924 |  |  | 311,489 |  |  | 287,102 |  |  | (39) |  |  | 8 |
Total revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 891,925 |  |  | $ | 1,194,651 |  |  | $ | 1,148,337 |  |  | (25) | % |  | 4 | %

Revenue from the United States, which is included in the Americas geographic region, was $428.3 million, $429.9 million and $401.1 million for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No other individual country exceeded 10% of total revenue for any period presented. The Company does not disclose revenue by product category as it does not track sales incentives and other revenue adjustments by product category to report such data.
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, long-lived assets, which represent net property and equipment, located outside the United States, primarily in Hong Kong and mainland China, were $6.9 million and $11.0 million, respectively.
11. Restructuring charges
Restructuring charges for each period were as follows:

|  | Year ended December 31,
(in thousands) |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of revenue |  |  |  | $ | 1,201 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 1,379 |
Research and development |  |  |  | 8,062 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 12,794 |
Sales and marketing |  |  |  | 10,684 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 5,291 |
General and administrative |  |  |  | 5,449 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 3,279 |
Total restructuring charges |  |  |  | $ | 25,396 |  |  | $ | 1,454 |  |  | $ | 22,743 |

Second quarter 2020 restructuring plan
On April 14, 2020, the Company approved a restructuring plan to reduce future operating expenses, optimize its business model and address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The restructuring provided for a reduction of the Company’s global workforce by approximately 20% and the consolidation of certain leased office facilities. Under the second quarter 2020 restructuring plan, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $25.5 million, including a $12.5 million right-of-use asset impairment primarily related to its headquarters campus, $7.3 million related to severance, and $5.8 million related to accelerated depreciation and other charges.
The Company ceased using a portion of its headquarters campus in the third quarter of 2020 as part of the second quarter 2020 restructuring plan. The unused portion of the Company’s headquarters campus has its own identifiable expenses and is not dependent on other parts of the Company, and thus was considered its own asset group. As a result, the Company impaired a part of the carrying value of the related right-of-use asset to its
97

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
estimated fair value using the discounted future cash flows method. The discounted future cash flows were determined based on future sublease rental rates, future sublease market conditions and a discount rate based on the weighted-average cost of capital. Based on the results of the Company’s assessment, the Company recognized a $12.3 million impairment, which was reflected as a restructuring expense, primarily in the operating expense financial statement line items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s restructuring activities and the movement in the related liabilities recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the second quarter 2020 restructuring plan.

(in thousands) | Severance |  | Other |  | ROU Asset Impairment |  | Total
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring charges | 7,287 |  |  | 5,800 |  |  | 12,460 |  |  | 25,547 |
Cash paid | (7,238) |  |  | (1,592) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,830) |
Non-cash reductions | — |  |  | (4,169) |  |  | (12,460) |  |  | (16,629) |
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2020 | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 88 |

First quarter 2017 restructuring plan
On March 15, 2017, the Company approved a restructuring plan to reduce future operating expenses and further align resources around its long-term business strategy. The restructuring provided for a reduction of the Company’s global workforce by approximately 17% and the consolidation of certain leased office facilities. Under the first quarter 2017 restructuring plan, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $23.1 million, including $10.3 million related to severance, and $12.8 million related to accelerated depreciation and other charges. The actions associated with the first quarter 2017 restructuring plan were substantially completed by the fourth quarter of 2017.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s restructuring activities and the movement in the related liabilities recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets under the first quarter 2017 restructuring plan.

(in thousands) | Severance |  | Other |  | Total
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2017 | — |  |  | 3,550 |  |  | 3,550 |
Restructuring charges (1) | — |  |  | 4,783 |  |  | 4,783 |
Cash paid | — |  |  | (3,293) |  |  | (3,293) |
Non-cash charges | — |  |  | 627 |  |  | 627 |
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2018 | — |  |  | 5,667 |  |  | 5,667 |
Restructuring charges (1) | — |  |  | 1,395 |  |  | 1,395 |
Cash paid | — |  |  | (2,257) |  |  | (2,257) |
Non-cash reductions | — |  |  | (335) |  |  | (335) |
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2019 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,470 |  |  | $ | 4,470 |
Restructuring charges (1) | — |  |  | (57) |  |  | (57) |
Cash paid | — |  |  | (3,559) |  |  | (3,559) |
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2020 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 854 |  |  | $ | 854 |

(1) Includes lease termination charges, which is included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, and totaled $0.9 million as of December 31, 2020.
98

GoPro, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Schedule II
GoPro, Inc.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the year ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018

(in thousands) | Balance at Beginning of Year |  |  |  | Charges to Revenue |  | Charges (Benefits) to Expense |  | Charges to Other Accounts - Equity |  | Deductions/Write-offs |  | Balance at End of Year
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Year ended December 31, 2020 | $ | 830 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (24) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (314) |  |  | $ | 492 |
Year ended December 31, 2019 | 500 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 616 |  |  | — |  |  | (286) |  |  | 830 |
Year ended December 31, 2018 | 750 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 199 |  |  | — |  |  | (449) |  |  | 500 |
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Year ended December 31, 2020 | $ | 277,693 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,762 |  |  | $ | (7,179) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 287,276 |
Year ended December 31, 2019 | 271,374 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4,717 |  |  | 1,602 |  |  | — |  |  | 277,693 |
Year ended December 31, 2018 | 226,458 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 42,772 |  |  | 2,144 |  |  | — |  |  | 271,374 |

99

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2020, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework” (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on that assessment, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2020. The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 related considerations and any impact on the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
Our management, including the CEO and CFO, recognizes that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting cannot prevent or detect all possible instances of errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
100

PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans. The information required by this item will be included in an amendment to this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The information required for this Item is incorporated by reference from our Proxy Statement to be filed for our 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.
101

PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
1. Financial Statements
The financial statements filed as part of this report are listed in the “Index to Financial Statements” under Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statement Schedules
The financial statement schedule filed in response to Part II, Item 8 and Part IV, Item 15(c) of this Form 10-K is listed under Part II, Item 8 on the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3. Exhibit Listing

Exhibit |  |  | Incorporated by Reference | Filed
Number |  | Exhibit Title | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | Herewith
3.01 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, with Certificate of Change of Registered Agent and/or Registered Office | 10-K | 001-36514 | 3.01 | February 15, 2019 |
3.02 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant. | S-1 | 333-200038 | 3.02 | November 10, 2014 |
4.01 |  | Form of Registrant’s Class A common stock certificate. | S-1 | 333-196083 | 4.01 | May 19, 2014 |
4.08 |  | Description of Registrant’s Securities Registered Under Section 12 of the Exchange Act | 10-K | 001-36514 | 4.08 | February 14, 2020 |
10.01* |  | Form of Indemnity Agreement by and between the Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers. | S-1 | 333-196083 | 10.01 | May 19, 2014 |
10.02* |  | Form of Change in Control Severance Agreement. | S-1 | 333-196083 | 10.09 | May 19, 2014 |
10.03* |  | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, and form of stock option agreement and restricted stock unit agreement. | S-1 | 333-196083 | 10.02 | May 19, 2014 |
10.04* |  | 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, and forms thereunder. | 10-Q | 001-36514 | 10.03 | July 29, 2016 |
10.05* |  | 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and forms thereunder. | S-1/A | 333-196083 | 10.04 | June 11, 2014 |
10.06* |  | Executive Severance Policy. | 10-K | 001-36514 | 10.06 | February 15, 2019 |
10.07* |  | Employment Letter to Nicholas Woodman from the Registrant, dated June 2, 2014. | S-1/A | 333-196083 | 10.16 | June 11, 2014 |
10.08* |  | Waiver Agreement dated January 1, 2018 by and between Nicholas Woodman and the Registrant. | 10-K | 001-36514 | 10.17 | February 16, 2018 |
10.09* |  | Offer Letter to Eve Saltman from the Registrant, dated March 7, 2018. | 10-Q | 001-36514 | 10.02 | May 4, 2018 |
10.10* |  | Offer Letter to Brian McGee from the Registrant, dated September 3, 2015. | 10-K | 001-36514 | 10.12 | February 16, 2017 |
10.11* |  | Offer Letter to Aimee Lapic from the Registrant, dated March 26, 2020. |  |  |  |  | X
10.13 |  | Office Lease Agreement, dated as of November 1, 2011, by and between Locon San Mateo, LLC and the Registrant, as amended, and other leases for the Registrant’s headquarters. | S-1 | 333-196083 | 10.12 | May 19, 2014 |
10.14 |  | Eighth amendment to Office Lease Agreement, by and between RAR2 - Clearview Business Park Owner QRS, LLC and the Registrant, dated February 24, 2016. | 10-K | 001-36514 | 10.15 | February 16, 2017 |
10.15 |  | Ninth amendment to Office Lease Agreement, by and between RAR2 - Clearview Business Park Owner QRS, LLC and the Registrant, dated August 3, 2016. | 10-K | 001-36514 | 10.16 | February 16, 2017 |

102

10.16 |  | Credit Agreement by and among Registrant, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. dated March 25, 2016. | 10-Q | 001-36514 | 10.17 | May 6, 2016 |
10.17 |  | Forward Stock Purchase Transaction, dated April 6, 2017, between the Company and JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association. | 8-K | 001-36514 | 10.1 | April 7, 2017 |
10.18 |  | First Amendment, dated August 12, 2016, to Office Lease Agreement dated November 1, 2011, between the Company and RAR2-Clearview Business Park Owner, LLC. | 10-Q | 001-36514 | 10.02 | August 4, 2017 |
10.19 |  | Tenth amendment to Office Lease Agreement by and between HG Clearview Owner LLC and the Registrant, dated April 30, 2019 | 10-Q | 001-36514 | 10.01 | May 10, 2019 |
10.20 |  | Amendment No. 1, dated June 28, 2019, to Credit Agreement by and among Registrant, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. dated March 25, 2016 | 10-K | 001-36514 | 10.20 | February 14, 2020 |
10.21 |  | Amendment No. 2, dated September 27, 2019, to Credit Agreement by and among Registrant, the Lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. dated March 25, 2016 | 10-K | 001-36514 | 10.21 | February 14, 2020 |
10.22 |  | Credit Agreement by and among Registrant, the Lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, N.A. dated January 22, 2021. Credit Agreement by and among Registrant, the Lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, N.A. dated January 22, 2021. |  |  |  |  | X
10.23 |  | Indenture, dated as of April 12, 2017, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (including the form of 3.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2022) | 8-K | 001-36514 | 4.1 | April 12, 2017 |
10.24 |  | Indenture, dated as of November 24, 2020, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (including the form of 1.25% convertible senior notes due 2025) | 8-K | 001-36514 | 4.1 | November 24, 2020 |
21.01 |  | List of Subsidiaries. |  |  |  |  | X
23.01 |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |  |  |  |  | X
24.01 |  | Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this Annual Report on Form 10-K). |  |  |  |  | X
31.01 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Required Under Rule 13(a)-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |  |  |  |  | X
31.02 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Required Under Rule 13(a)-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |  |  |  |  | X
32.01‡ |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  | Inline XBRL For the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set |  |  |  |  | X

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan.
103

‡ As contemplated by SEC Release No. 33-8212, these exhibits are furnished with this Annual Report on Form 10-K and are not deemed filed with the SEC and are not incorporated by reference in any filing of GoPro, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in such filings.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
104

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | GoPro, Inc.
|  | (Registrant)
Dated: | February 12, 2021 | By: /s/ Nicholas Woodman
|  | Nicholas Woodman Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Dated: | February 12, 2021 | By: /s/ Brian McGee
|  | Brian McGee Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

105

POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Nicholas Woodman and Brian McGee, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact, proxies and agents, each with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact, proxies and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact, proxies and agents, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

| Name |  | Title |  | Date
By: | /s/ Nicholas Woodman |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman |  | February 12, 2021
| Nicholas Woodman |  | (Principal Executive Officer) |  |
By: | /s/ Brian McGee |  | Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer |  | February 12, 2021
| Brian McGee |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |  |
By: | /s/ Tyrone Ahmad-Taylor |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| Tyrone Ahmad-Taylor |  |  |  |
By: | /s/ Kenneth Goldman |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| Kenneth Goldman |  |  |  |
By: | /s/ Peter Gotcher |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| Peter Gotcher |  |  |  |
By: | /s/ James Lanzone |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| James Lanzone |  |  |  |
By: | /s/ Alexander Lurie |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| Alexander Lurie |  |  |  |
By: | /s/ Susan Lyne |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| Susan Lyne |  |  |  |
By: | /s/ Frederic Welts |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| Frederic Welts |  |  |  |
By: | /s/ Lauren Zalaznick |  | Director |  | February 12, 2021
| Lauren Zalaznick |  |  |  |

106