<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-20-319613.txt : 20201217
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-20-319613.hdr.sgml : 20201217
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20201217082531
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-20-319613
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		16
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20201217
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20201217
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20201217

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000931148
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS [3620]
		IRS NUMBER:				272496053
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-13888
		FILM NUMBER:		201394278

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		982 KEYNOTE CIRCLE
		CITY:			BROOKLYN HEIGHTS
		STATE:			OH
		ZIP:			44131
		BUSINESS PHONE:		2166762000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		982 KEYNOTE CIRCLE
		CITY:			BROOKLYN HEIGHTS
		STATE:			OH
		ZIP:			44131

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	UCAR INTERNATIONAL INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19941011
</SEC-HEADER>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule <span style="white-space:nowrap">14a-12</span> under the Exchange Act (17 CFR <span style="white-space:nowrap">240.14a-12)</span></p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Pre-commencement</span> communications pursuant to Rule <span style="white-space:nowrap">14d-2(b)</span> under the Exchange Act (17 CFR <span style="white-space:nowrap">240.14d-2(b))</span></p></td></tr></table> <p style="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width:4%;vertical-align:top"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" contextRef="duration_2020-12-17_to_2020-12-17" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Pre-commencement</span> communications pursuant to Rule <span style="white-space:nowrap">13e-4(c)</span> under the Exchange Act (17 CFR <span style="white-space:nowrap">240.13e-4(c))</span></p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Securities registered pursuant to Section&#160;12(b) of the Act:</p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Title of each class</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Trading</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Symbol(s)</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Name of each exchange</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">on which registered</p></td></tr>
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<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><span style="font-weight:bold"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:Security12bTitle" contextRef="duration_2020-12-17_to_2020-12-17">Common stock, $0.01 par value per share</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><span style="font-weight:bold"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:TradingSymbol" contextRef="duration_2020-12-17_to_2020-12-17">EAF</ix:nonNumeric></span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style=" text-align: center;margin:auto; vertical-align:top"><span style="font-weight:bold"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" contextRef="duration_2020-12-17_to_2020-12-17" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">New York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric></span></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR &#167;230.405) or Rule <span style="white-space:nowrap">12b-2</span> of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR <span style="white-space:nowrap">&#167;240.12b-2).</span></p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;<ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" contextRef="duration_2020-12-17_to_2020-12-17" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#9744;</p> <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p> <p style="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&#160;</p> <p style="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&#160;</p></div></div>

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<div style="text-align:center"><div style="width:8.5in;text-align:left;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">

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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;8.01</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Other Events. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On December&#160;17, 2020, BCP IV GrafTech Holdings LP, Brookfield BBP (Canada) L.P., Brookfield BBP Canada Holdings Inc. and BPE IV (Non-Cdn) GP LP (the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;) completed the sale of 8,500,000 shares of the common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), of GrafTech International Ltd. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) in an underwritten public secondary offering at a price to the public of $9.15 per share (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;). </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Offering was made pursuant to (i)&#160;an effective Registration Statement on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">S-3</span> (File <span style="white-space:nowrap">No.&#160;333-232190)</span> filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on June&#160;18, 2019, including a related base prospectus dated June&#160;18, 2019, and (ii)&#160;a related prospectus supplement dated December&#160;14, 2020 and filed by the Company with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b)(7) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A copy of the Underwriting Agreement, dated December&#160;14, 2020, among the Company, the Selling Stockholders and Morgan Stanley&#160;&amp; Co. LLC, as underwriter, is filed with this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> as Exhibit 1.1. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A copy of the opinion of Jones Day, relating to the validity of the Common Stock in connection with the Offering, is filed with this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> as Exhibit 5.1. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top" align="left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#160;9.01</span></td>
<td align="left" style="vertical-align:top"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Financial Statements and Exhibits. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exhibits. </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap" align="center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Exhibit</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Number</p></td>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;&#160;</td>
<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d82623dex11.htm">Underwriting Agreement, dated December&#160;14, 2020, among GrafTech International Ltd., as issuer, BCP IV GrafTech Holdings LP, Brookfield BBP (Canada) L.P., Brookfield BBP Canada Holdings Inc. and BPE IV (Non-Cdn) GP LP, as selling stockholders, and Morgan Stanley&#160;&amp; Co, LLC, as underwriter. </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d82623dex51.htm">Opinion of Jones Day. </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d82623dex51.htm">Consent of Jones Day (included in Exhibit 5.1). </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap">104</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</td></tr>
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 <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">SIGNATURES </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized. </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top" colspan="3">GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD.</td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Date: December&#160;17, 2020</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">By:</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Quinn J. Coburn</p></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Quinn J. Coburn</td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top">Chief Financial Officer, Vice President Finance and Treasurer</td></tr>
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<TYPE>EX-1.1
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<TITLE>EX-1.1</TITLE>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 1.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">[EXECUTION VERSION] </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">GRAFTECH
INTERNATIONAL LTD. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">8,500,000 Shares of Common Stock </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><U>Underwriting Agreement </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">December&nbsp;14, 2020 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp;
Co. LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">180 Varick Street 2<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP> Floor </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY 10014 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brookfield BBP (Canada) L.P., Brookfield BBP Canada Holdings Inc., BPE IV <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(Non-Cdn)</FONT> GP LP and BCP IV
GrafTech Holdings LP (collectively, the &#147;Selling Stockholders&#148;), shareholders of GrafTech International Ltd., a Delaware corporation (the &#147;Company&#148;), propose to sell to you (the &#147;Underwriter&#148;) an aggregate of 8,500,000
shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the &#147;Common Stock&#148;), of the Company (the &#147;Shares&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Each of the
Company and each Selling Stockholder hereby confirms its agreement with the Underwriter concerning the purchase and sale of the Shares, as follows: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1. <U>Registration Statement</U>. The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#147;Commission&#148;)
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#147;Securities Act&#148;), a registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> (File <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-232190),</FONT> including a prospectus, relating to the Shares. Such registration statement, as amended as of its most recent effective date, including the information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430B
under the Securities Act to be part of the registration statement as of its most recent effective date (&#147;Rule 430 Information&#148;), is referred to herein as the &#147;Registration Statement&#148;; and as used herein, the term
&#147;Preliminary Prospectus&#148; means any prospectus included in the Registration Statement used prior to the filing of the Prospectus (as defined below) that omits Rule 430 Information, and the term &#147;Prospectus&#148; means the prospectus in
the form first used (or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) in connection with confirmation of sales of the Shares. Any reference in this underwriting agreement (this &#147;Agreement&#148;) to the
Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> under the Securities
Act, as of the most recent effective date of the Registration Statement or the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, and any reference to &#147;amend&#148;, &#147;amendment&#148; or &#147;supplement&#148; with
respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any documents filed after such date under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of
the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#147;Exchange Act&#148;) that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At or prior to the Applicable Time (as defined below), the Company had prepared the following information
(collectively with the pricing information set forth on Annex&nbsp;A, the &#147;Pricing Disclosure Package&#148;): a Preliminary Prospectus dated December&nbsp;14, 2020, and each &#147;free-writing prospectus&#148; (as defined pursuant to Rule 405
under the Securities Act) listed on Annex A hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#147;Applicable Time&#148; means 7:30 P.M., New York City time, on December&nbsp;14,
2020. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2. <U>Purchase of the Shares</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) Each of the Selling Stockholders agrees, severally and not jointly, to sell the Shares to the Underwriter as provided in this Agreement,
and the Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees to purchase from the Selling Stockholders at a purchase price per share of $8.90 (the
&#147;Purchase Price&#148;) the number of Shares set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule 1 hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) Each of the Selling
Stockholders understands that the Underwriter intends to make a public offering of the Shares, and initially to offer the Shares on the terms set forth in the Pricing Disclosure Package. Each of the Selling Stockholders acknowledges and agrees that
the Underwriter may offer and sell Shares to or through any affiliate of the Underwriter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) Payment for the Shares shall be made by
wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Selling Stockholders to the Underwriter at the offices of Cravath, Swaine&nbsp;&amp; Moore LLP at 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on December&nbsp;17, 2020, or at such
other time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as the Underwriter and the Selling Stockholders may agree upon in writing. The time and date of such payment for the Shares is referred to herein
as the &#147;Closing Date&#148;. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Payment for the Shares to be purchased on the Closing Date shall be made against delivery to the
Underwriter&#146;s account of the Shares to be purchased on such date, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of such Shares duly paid by the Selling Stockholders. Delivery of the Shares shall be made through the facilities of
DTC unless the Underwriter shall otherwise instruct. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Each of the Company and each Selling Stockholder acknowledges and agrees that
the Underwriter is acting solely in the capacity of an <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">arm&#146;s-length</FONT> contractual counterparty to the Selling Stockholders with respect to the offering of Shares contemplated hereby (including in connection
with determining the terms of the offering) and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company, the Selling Stockholders or any other person. Additionally, the Underwriter is not advising the Company, the Selling
Stockholders or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. The Company and the Selling Stockholders shall consult with their own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible
for making their own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Underwriter shall have no responsibility or liability to the Company or the Selling Stockholders with respect thereto. Any review by the
Underwriter of the Company, the transactions contemplated hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Underwriter and shall not be on behalf of the Company or the Selling Stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3. <U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company represents and warrants to the Underwriter and the Selling Stockholders
that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Preliminary Prospectus. </I>No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus has been
issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing Disclosure Package, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, and no Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing
Disclosure Package, at the time of filing thereof, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made,
not misleading; <I>provided</I> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-2- </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the information
described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Pricing Disclosure Package</I>. The Pricing Disclosure Package as of
the Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading; <I>provided</I> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company
in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof.
No statement of material fact included in the Prospectus has been omitted from the Pricing Disclosure Package and no statement of material fact included in the Pricing Disclosure Package that is required to be included in the Prospectus has been
omitted therefrom. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. </I>Other than the Registration Statement, the Preliminary
Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriter in its capacity as such) has not prepared, made, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, make, use, authorize,
approve or refer to any &#147;written communication&#148; (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy the Shares (each such communication by the Company or its agents and
representatives (other than a communication referred to in clause (i)&nbsp;below) an &#147;Issuer Free Writing Prospectus&#148;) other than (i)&nbsp;any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities
Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act or (ii)&nbsp;the documents listed on Annex A hereto, each electronic road show, if any, and any other written communications approved in writing in advance by the Underwriter. Each such Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus complies in all material respects with the Securities Act, has been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433) filed in accordance with the Securities Act (to the extent required thereby) and does not conflict with the
information contained in the Registration Statement or the Pricing Disclosure Package, and, when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus accompanying, or delivered prior to delivery of, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, did not, and as of
the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
<I>provided</I> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating
to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter
consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Registration Statement and Prospectus.
</I>The Registration Statement is an &#147;automatic shelf registration statement&#148; as defined under Rule 405 of the Securities Act that has been filed with the Commission not earlier than three years prior to the date hereof; and no notice of
objection of the Commission to the use of such registration statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act has been received by the Company. No order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the offering of the Shares has been initiated or,
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-3- </P>

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to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration
Statement and any such post-effective amendment complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act, and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date, the Prospectus will comply in all material respects with the
Securities Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
<I>provided</I> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the
Underwriter expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the information described
as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Incorporated Documents. </I>The documents incorporated by reference in each of
the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Pricing Disclosure Package, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of such documents, in each case when filed
with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Pricing Disclosure Package, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material
respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Financial Statements. </I>The financial statements
(including the related notes thereto) of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects
with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results
of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (&#147;GAAP&#148;) in the United States applied on a
consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, and any supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated therein; and the
other financial information included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries
and presents fairly in all material respects the information shown thereby. All disclosures contained in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus regarding <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;non-GAAP</FONT> financial measures&#148; (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply in all material respects with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-4- </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>No Material Adverse Change. </I>Since the date of the most recent
financial statements of the Company included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i)&nbsp;there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than (x)&nbsp;the
issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of stock options and warrants described as outstanding in, and the grant of options and awards under existing equity incentive plans described in, the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus or (y)&nbsp;repurchases of Common Stock by the Company pursuant to any publicly announced Common Stock repurchase program), any material change in the short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital stock, other than any regular quarterly dividend of the Company, or any material adverse change, or any
development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders&#146; equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a
whole; (ii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has entered into any transaction or agreement (not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred any liability
or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with its business that is material to
the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole and that is either from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or
arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except in each case as otherwise disclosed in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Organization and Good Standing. </I>Each of the Company and its significant subsidiaries (as defined in Rule <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">1-02(w)</FONT> of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-X)</FONT> (the &#147;Significant Subsidiaries&#148;) has been duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its respective
jurisdictions of organization, is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which its respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its respective businesses requires such qualification, and has all
power and authority necessary to own or hold its respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which it is engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified, in good standing or have such power or authority would not reasonably be
expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders&#146; equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a
whole, or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement (a &#147;Material Adverse Effect&#148;). The Significant Subsidiaries listed on Schedule 2 to this Agreement are the only Significant Subsidiaries of the Company.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <I>Capitalization. </I>The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in each of the Registration
Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading &#147;Description of Common Stock&#151;Authorized Capitalization&#148;; all the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company (including the Shares to be sold by the
Selling Stockholders) have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable</FONT> and are not subject to any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-emptive</FONT> or similar rights;
except as described in or expressly contemplated by each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding rights (including, without limitation,
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-emptive</FONT> rights), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, any shares of capital stock or other equity interest in the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any
contract, commitment, agreement, understanding or arrangement of any kind relating to the issuance of any capital stock </P>
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of the Company or any such subsidiary, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or any such rights, warrants or options; the capital stock of the Company conforms in all material respects
to the description thereof contained in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and all the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each subsidiary owned, directly or
indirectly, by the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable</FONT> (except as otherwise described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus) and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party (except (i)&nbsp;for liens
created pursuant to the Security Documents (as such term is defined in the Credit Agreement, dated as of February&nbsp;12, 2018, as amended, among the Company, GrafTech Finance Inc., GrafTech Switzerland SA and GrafTech Luxembourg II
S.&Agrave;.R.L., as <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">co-borrowers,</FONT> the lenders and issuing banks party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, (ii)&nbsp;as would not reasonably be expected,
individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect and (iii)&nbsp;as otherwise described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <I>Stock Options. </I>With respect to the stock options (the &#147;Stock Options&#148;) granted pursuant to the stock-based
compensation plans of the Company and its subsidiaries (the &#147;Company Stock Plans&#148;), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an &#147;incentive stock option&#148; under Section&nbsp;422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the &#147;Code&#148;), so qualifies, (ii)&nbsp;each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective (the &#147;Grant Date&#148;) by all necessary corporate
action, including, as applicable, approval by the Board of Directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award
agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii)&nbsp;each such grant was made in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans and any applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements,
and (iv)&nbsp;each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of
the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinating the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its subsidiaries or their results of operations or
prospects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k) <I>Due Authorization. </I>The Company has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this
Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby has been
duly and validly taken. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l) <I>Underwriting Agreement. </I>This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered
by the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m) <I>Description of the Stockholder Rights Agreement</I>. The Stockholder Rights Agreement by and
between the Company and BCP IV GrafTech Holdings LP, dated as of April&nbsp;23, 2018, as amended by Amendment No.&nbsp;1 to the Stockholder Rights Agreement, dated as of November&nbsp;6, 2019, conforms in all material respects to the description
thereof contained in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(n) <I>No Violation or Default. </I>Neither the Company nor any of its
Significant Subsidiaries is (i)&nbsp;in violation of its charter or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">by-laws</FONT> or similar organizational documents; (ii)&nbsp;in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both,
would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its
Significant Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is bound or to which any property or asset of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is subject; or (iii)&nbsp;in violation of any law or
statute applicable to the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Significant
Subsidiaries, except, in the case of clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii) above, for any such default or violation that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(o) <I>No Conflicts. </I>The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, and the consummation by the
Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will not (i)&nbsp;conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under,
result in the termination, modification or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries pursuant to, any
indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is bound or to which any
property, right or asset of the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is subject, (ii)&nbsp;result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">by-laws</FONT> or similar organizational documents of
the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or (iii)&nbsp;result in the violation of any law or statute applicable to the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or
governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, except, in the case of clauses (i)&nbsp;and (iii) above, for any such conflict, breach, violation, default, lien, charge or encumbrance
that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(p) <I>No
Consents Required. </I>No consent, approval, authorization, order, registration or qualification of or with any court, arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this
Agreement and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for (i)&nbsp;the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act, (ii)&nbsp;such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and
registrations or qualifications as have already been obtained or made or as may be required by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (&#147;FINRA&#148;), the New York Stock Exchange (&#147;NYSE&#148;) or under applicable state securities
laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriter and (iii)&nbsp;where the failure to obtain any such consent, approval, authorization, order, license, registration or qualification would not reasonably be
expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(q) <I>Legal Proceedings. </I>Except as
described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, demands, claims, suits, arbitrations, inquiries or proceedings
(&#147;Actions&#148;) pending to which the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries is or, to the knowledge of the Company, may be reasonably expected to become a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its Significant
Subsidiaries is or, to the knowledge of the Company, may be </P>
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reasonably expected to become the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect; no such Actions are threatened in writing or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened in writing by others, except as would not reasonably be expected,
individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (i)&nbsp;there are no material current or pending Actions that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and (ii)&nbsp;there are no contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as
exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the
Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, respectively. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(r) <I>Independent Accountants. </I>Deloitte&nbsp;&amp;
Touche LLP, which has certified certain financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations
adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(s) <I>Title to Real and Personal Property. </I>The Company and its Significant Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in
fee simple (in the case of real property) to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real and personal property (other than intellectual property, which is subject to Section&nbsp;3(t)) that are material to the business of the
Company and its Significant Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title, except for those that (i)&nbsp;do not materially interfere with the use made and
proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (ii)&nbsp;would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(t) <I>Intellectual Property.</I> (i)&nbsp;Except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, to the
knowledge of the Company, the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries own or have the right to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, domain names and other
source indicators, copyrights and copyrightable works, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how,</FONT> trade secrets, systems, procedures, proprietary or confidential information and all other worldwide intellectual property, industrial property
and proprietary rights (collectively, &#147;Intellectual Property&#148;) used in the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted; (ii)&nbsp;to the knowledge of the Company, the Company&#146;s and its Significant Subsidiaries&#146;
conduct of their respective businesses in the ordinary course does not infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property of any person except for such infringements, misappropriations, or other violations that would not
reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect; (iii)&nbsp;the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any claim relating to Intellectual Property that, if
determined adversely to the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries, could, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iv)&nbsp;to the knowledge of the Company, the material Intellectual
Property of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries is not being infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated by any person, except for such infringement, misappropriation or violation as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(u) <I>No Undisclosed Relationships. </I>No relationship, direct or
indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities
Act to be described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Pricing Disclosure Package. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v) <I>Investment Company Act. </I>The Company is not required to register as an &#147;investment company&#148; within the
meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#147;Investment Company Act&#148;). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(w) <I>Taxes. </I>The Company and its Significant Subsidiaries have paid all federal, state, local and foreign taxes and filed
all tax returns required to be paid or filed through the date hereof, except in each case to the extent failure to so pay or file would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as otherwise disclosed in each of the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no tax deficiency that has been, or could reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries or any of their
respective properties or assets, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x) <I>Licenses and Permits. </I>Each of the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries possesses all licenses, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-licenses,</FONT> certificates, permits and other authorizations issued by, and has made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities having
jurisdiction over the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing
Disclosure Package, and the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess or make the same would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as described in each of the Registration
Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Significant Subsidiaries has received notice of any revocation or modification of any such license, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-license,</FONT>
certificate, permit or authorization or has any reason to believe that any such license, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-license,</FONT> certificate, permit or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except where such
revocation or modification would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(y) <I>No Labor Disputes. </I>No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Significant
Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is contemplated or threatened, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of its or its Significant Subsidiaries&#146;
principal suppliers, contractors or customers, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Significant Subsidiaries has received any notice of cancellation or termination with
respect to any collective bargaining agreement to which it is a party, except as would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(z) <I>Certain Environmental Matters</I>. (i)&nbsp;The Company and its subsidiaries (x)&nbsp;are in compliance with all
applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws (including common law), rules, regulations and legally enforceable decisions, judgments, decrees, orders and other legally enforceable requirements relating to pollution or the protection of human
health or safety (with respect to exposure to hazardous or toxic substances, wastes, pollutants or contaminants), the </P>
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environment, natural resources, or the use, storage, treatment, release or disposal of hazardous or toxic substances, wastes, pollutants or contaminants (collectively, &#147;Environmental
Laws&#148;); (y) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals required of them under any Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (z)&nbsp;have not received
notice of any actual or potential liability or obligation of the Company or any of its subsidiaries under or relating to, or any actual or potential violation of, any Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or remediation of any disposal
or release of hazardous or toxic substances, wastes, pollutants or contaminants, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice, and (ii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries have incurred or are reasonably expected to incur any costs or liabilities under or relating to Environmental Laws, except in the case of each of (i)&nbsp;and (ii) above, for any such matter as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii)&nbsp;except as described in each of the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (x)&nbsp;there is no proceeding that is pending, or that is known to be
contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental entity is also a party, other than any such proceeding regarding which it is reasonably believed that monetary sanctions of $300,000 or
more will not be imposed, (y)&nbsp;the Company and its subsidiaries are not aware of any facts or issues regarding compliance with or liabilities under Environmental Laws that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the capital
expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company and its subsidiaries and (z)&nbsp;none of the Company or any of its subsidiaries reasonably anticipates material capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(aa) <I>Compliance with ERISA</I>. (i)&nbsp;Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section&nbsp;3(3) of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (&#147;ERISA&#148;), for which the Company or any member of its &#147;Controlled Group&#148; (defined as any entity, whether or not incorporated, that is under common control with the Company within
the meaning of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(14) of ERISA or any entity that would be regarded as a single employer with the Company under Section&nbsp;414(b),(c),(m) or (o)&nbsp;of the Code) would have any liability (each, a &#147;Plan&#148;) has been
maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including, but not limited to, ERISA and the Code; (ii)&nbsp;the Company has not engaged in a prohibited transaction, within the
meaning of Section&nbsp;406 of ERISA or Section&nbsp;4975 of the Code, with respect to any Plan, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption, that would reasonably be expected to result in liability to the
Company; (iii)&nbsp;for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section&nbsp;412 of the Code or Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA, no Plan has failed (whether or not waived), or is reasonably expected to fail, to satisfy the minimum funding
standards (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA or Section&nbsp;412 of the Code) applicable to such Plan; (iv)&nbsp;no Plan is, or is reasonably expected to be, in &#147;at risk status&#148; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;303(i) of
ERISA) and no Plan that is a &#147;multiemployer plan&#148; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(3) of ERISA is in &#147;endangered status&#148; or &#147;critical status&#148; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;305 of ERISA); (v) no
&#147;reportable event&#148; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4043(c) of ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder) has occurred or, to the knowledge of the Company, is reasonably expected to occur; (vi)&nbsp;each Plan that is intended to
be qualified under Section&nbsp;401(a) of the Code has received a determination letter or an opinion letter from the IRS stating that it is so qualified, and to the knowledge of the Company, nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to
act, which would reasonably be expected to result in the loss of such qualification; and (vii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA
(other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a &#147;multiemployer plan&#148; within the meaning of Section
</P>
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4001(a)(3) of ERISA); except in each case with respect to the events or conditions set forth in (i)&nbsp;through (vii) hereof, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(bb) <I>Disclosure Controls</I>. The Company and its Significant Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, maintain
an effective system of &#147;disclosure controls and procedures&#148; (as defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(e)</FONT> of the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and that has been designed to
ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission&#146;s rules and forms,
including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company&#146;s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company and its subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, have carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15</FONT> of the Exchange Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(cc) <I>Accounting Controls. </I>The Company and its Significant Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, maintain systems of
&#147;internal control over financial reporting&#148; (as defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(f)</FONT> of the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the
supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i)&nbsp;transactions are executed in accordance with management&#146;s
general or specific authorizations; (ii)&nbsp;transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii)&nbsp;access to assets is permitted only in
accordance with management&#146;s general or specific authorization; and (iv)&nbsp;the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
There are no material weaknesses in the Company&#146;s internal controls. The Company&#146;s auditors and the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i)&nbsp;all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or
operation of internal control over financial reporting which have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company&#146;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii)&nbsp;any fraud,
whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company&#146;s internal control over financial reporting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(dd) <I>eXtensible Business Reporting Language.</I> The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or
incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission&#146;s
rules and guidelines applicable thereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ee) <I>Insurance. </I>The Company and its Significant Subsidiaries have
insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses, including business interruption insurance, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and risks as are, in the reasonable judgment of the
Company, adequate to protect the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries and their business, taken as a whole; and neither the Company nor any of its Significant Subsidiaries has (i)&nbsp;received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer
that material capital improvements or other material expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii)&nbsp;any reason to believe that it will not be able to
</P>
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renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage, at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ff) <I>Cybersecurity. </I>Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus
(i)(x) to the knowledge of the Company, there has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&#146;s or its Significant Subsidiaries&#146; information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware,
software, data (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of them), equipment or technology (collectively, &#147;IT Systems and Data&#148;) and (y)&nbsp;the
Company and its Significant Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to their IT Systems and Data; (ii)&nbsp;to the knowledge
of the Company, the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority and
internal policies relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the commercially reasonable protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, in the case
of each of clause (i)&nbsp;and (ii) above, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii)&nbsp;the Company and its Significant Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery
technology consistent with industry standards and practices. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(gg) <I>No Unlawful Payments. </I>Neither the Company nor any
of its subsidiaries, nor any director or officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any employee, agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries has (i)&nbsp;used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii)&nbsp;made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of
any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official
capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii)&nbsp;violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any
applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable
anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv)&nbsp;made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or
other unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Company and its subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce, and will continue to maintain and enforce, policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable
anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(hh) <I>Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws</I>. The operations of the
Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as
amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions where the Company or any of its subsidiaries conducts business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued,
administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the &#147;Anti-Money Laundering Laws&#148;), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, </P>
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authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) <I>No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. </I>Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, directors, officers, nor,
to the knowledge of the Company, any employees or controlled affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of
Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (&#147;OFAC&#148;) or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a &#147;specially designated national&#148; or &#147;blocked person&#148;), the
United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty&#146;s Treasury, the Swiss Secretariat of Economic Affairs or the Monetary Authority of Singapore (collectively, &#147;Sanctions&#148;), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries
located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the target of comprehensive Sanctions, (currently Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria and Crimea (each, a &#147;Sanctioned Country&#148;)). For the past five years, the Company and its
subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned
Country, except as would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(jj) <I>No Restrictions on Subsidiaries</I>. No subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly,
under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary&#146;s capital stock or similar ownership interest, from repaying to the
Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary&#146;s properties or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the
Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(kk) <I>No Broker&#146;s Fees. </I>Neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or the Underwriter for a brokerage commission,
finder&#146;s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ll) <I>No Registration
Rights</I>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no person has the right to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register any securities for sale under the Securities Act
by reason of the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission or, to the knowledge of the Company, the sale of the Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholders hereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(mm) <I>No Stabilization. </I>The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, without giving effect to activities by the
Underwriter, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(nn) <I>Forward-Looking Statements. </I>No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities
Act and Section&nbsp;21E of the Exchange Act) included or incorporated by reference in any of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed
other than in good faith. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(oo) <I>Statistical and Market Data. </I>Nothing has come to the attention
of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus is not based on or
derived from sources that are reasonably reliable and accurate in all material respects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(pp) <I>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</I>.
There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company&#146;s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material respects with any provision of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including Section&nbsp;402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(qq) <I>Status under the Securities Act</I>. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment
thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a <I>bona fide</I> offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not
an &#147;ineligible issuer&#148;, and is a well-known seasoned issuer, in each case as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company has paid the registration fee for this offering pursuant to Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act or
will pay such fee within the time period required by such rule (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the Closing Date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(rr) <I>Exchange Listing</I>. The Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol &#147;EAF&#148;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4. <U>Representations and Warranties of the Selling Stockholders</U>. Each of the Selling Stockholders severally represents and warrants to
the Underwriter and the Company that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Required Consents; Authority</I>. All consents, approvals, authorizations and
orders necessary for the execution and delivery by such Selling Stockholder of this Agreement, and for the sale and delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, have been obtained, except for such consents, approvals,
authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as have already been obtained or made or as may be required by FINRA, the NYSE or under applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the
Underwriter; such Selling Stockholder has full right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement, and to sell, assign, transfer and deliver the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder; and this Agreement has been duly
authorized, executed and delivered by such Selling Stockholder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>No Conflicts</I>. The execution, delivery and
performance by such Selling Stockholder of this Agreement, the sale of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder and the consummation by such Selling Stockholder of the transactions contemplated herein will not (i)&nbsp;conflict with or
result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, result in the termination, modification or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any
property or assets of such Selling Stockholder pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which such Selling Stockholder is a party or by which such Selling Stockholder is bound or to
which any of the property or assets of such Selling Stockholder is subject, (ii)&nbsp;result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">by-laws</FONT> or similar organizational documents of such Selling
Stockholder or (iii)&nbsp;result in the violation of any law or statute applicable to such Selling Stockholder or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory agency having jurisdiction over such
Selling Stockholder, except, in the case of clauses (i)&nbsp;and (iii) above, for any such conflict, breach, </P>
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violation, default, lien, charge or encumbrance that would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the ability of such Selling
Stockholder to consummate the transactions contemplated herein. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Title to Shares. </I>Such Selling Stockholder has
good and valid title to the Shares to be sold at the Closing Date by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims; such Selling Stockholder will have, immediately prior to the Closing
Date, good and valid title to the Shares to be sold at the Closing Date by such Selling Stockholder, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims; and such Selling Stockholder has a security entitlement (within the meaning
of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;8-102(a)(17)</FONT> of the New York Uniform Commercial Code (&#147;UCC&#148;)) to the Shares free and clear of any action that may be asserted based on an adverse claim with respect to such security
entitlement, and assuming that the Underwriter acquires its interest in the Shares it has purchased without notice of any adverse claim (within the meaning of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;8-105</FONT> of the UCC), upon the crediting
of such Shares to the securities account of the Underwriter maintained with DTC and payment therefor by the Underwriter, as provided herein, the Underwriter will have acquired a security entitlement to such securities, and no action based on any
adverse claim may be asserted against the Underwriter with respect to such security entitlement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>No Stabilization.
</I>Such Selling Stockholder has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, without giving effect to activities by the Underwriter, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or
manipulation of the price of the Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Pricing Disclosure Package</I>. The Pricing Disclosure Package, at the
Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing Date will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading; <I>provided</I> that such Selling Stockholder makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the
Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c)
hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. </I>Other than the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and
the Prospectus, such Selling Stockholder (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriter in its capacity as such) has not prepared, made, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, make, use, authorize,
approve or refer to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, other than (i)&nbsp;any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act or (ii)&nbsp;the documents listed
on Annex A hereto, each electronic road show and any other written communications approved in writing in advance by the Company and the Underwriter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>Registration Statement and Prospectus. </I>As of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any
post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act, and did not and will not (in the case of a post-effective amendment filed
after the date hereof) contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any
amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date, the Prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to </P>
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state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
<I>provided</I> that such Selling Stockholder makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by
the Underwriter expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter
consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Material Information</I>. As of the date
hereof and as of the Closing Date, that the sale of the Shares by such Selling Stockholder is not and will not be prompted by any material information concerning the Company that is not set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure
Package or the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <I>No Unlawful Payments.</I> In connection with the Company or its subsidiaries, neither
such Selling Stockholder nor any of its subsidiaries has, directly or indirectly, made a material violation of or is in material violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation
implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed a material offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or
anti-corruption law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <I>No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. </I>Neither such Selling Stockholder nor any of its
subsidiaries is currently the target of any Sanctions, nor is the Selling Stockholder or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k) <I>Organization and Good Standing.</I> Such Selling Stockholder has been duly organized and is validly existing and in good
standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization, is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, and
has all power and authority necessary to own or hold its properties and to conduct the businesses in which it is engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in
the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l) <I>ERISA.</I> Such Selling Stockholder is not (i)&nbsp;an employee
benefit plan subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii)&nbsp;a plan or account subject to Section&nbsp;4975 of the Code or (iii)&nbsp;an entity deemed to hold &#147;plan assets&#148; of any such plan or account under Section&nbsp;3(42) of ERISA, 29 C.F.R. <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">2510.3-101,</FONT> or otherwise. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Such Selling Stockholder specifically agrees that the obligations of such
Selling Stockholder hereunder shall not be terminated by operation of law, or by the dissolution of such Selling Stockholder or by the occurrence of any other event. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5. <U>Further Agreements of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees with the Underwriter that: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Required Filings. </I>The Company will file the final Prospectus with the Commission within the time periods specified
by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act, will file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act; and the Company will file promptly all reports and any
</P>
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definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of
the Prospectus and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares; and the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to furnish electronic copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to the Underwriter in New York City prior to 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement in such quantities as the Underwriter may
reasonably request, with written copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to follow as soon as practicable but in no event later than 5:00 P.M., New York City time, on the second
business day succeeding the date of this Agreement in such quantities as the Underwriter may reasonably request. The Company will pay the registration fee for this offering within the time period required by Rule 456(b)(1) under the Securities Act
(without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the Closing Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Delivery of Copies.
</I>The Company will deliver, without charge, (i)&nbsp;to the Underwriter, upon request, two signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case including all exhibits and consents filed therewith
and documents incorporated by reference therein; and (ii)&nbsp;to the Underwriter (A)&nbsp;a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) upon request of the Underwriter and
(B)&nbsp;during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), as many copies of the Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus) as the
Underwriter may reasonably request. As used herein, the term &#147;Prospectus Delivery Period&#148; means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter a prospectus
relating to the Shares is required by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Shares by the Underwriter or dealer. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Amendments or Supplements, Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. </I>Before making, preparing, using, authorizing,
approving, referring to or filing any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and before filing any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement through
incorporation by reference of any report filed under the Exchange Act), whether before or after the time that the Registration Statement becomes effective, the Company will furnish to the Underwriter and counsel for the Underwriter a copy of the
proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, amendment or supplement for review and will not make, prepare, use, authorize, approve, refer to or file any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the
Underwriter reasonably objects in a timely manner. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Notice to the Underwriter. </I>The Company will advise the
Underwriter promptly, and confirm such advice in writing, (i)&nbsp;when the Registration Statement has become effective; (ii)&nbsp;when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective; (iii)&nbsp;when any supplement
to the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment to the Prospectus has been filed or distributed; (iv)&nbsp;of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or
any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or any other request by the Commission for any additional information; (v)&nbsp;of the issuance by the Commission
of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or the receipt by the Company of any
</P>
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notice of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act; (vi)&nbsp;of the occurrence of any event or development within the
Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which the Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading;
(vii)&nbsp;of the receipt by the Company of any notice of objection of the Commission to the use of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act; and (viii)&nbsp;of the
receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and the Company will use commercially
reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or
suspending any such qualification of the Shares and, if any such order is issued, will use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Ongoing Compliance. </I>(1)&nbsp;If during the Prospectus Delivery Period (i)&nbsp;any event or development shall occur
or condition shall exist as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of
the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii)&nbsp;it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with law, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriter thereof and forthwith
prepare and, subject to paragraph (c)&nbsp;above, file with the Commission and furnish to the Underwriter and to such dealers as the Underwriter may designate such amendments or supplements to the Prospectus (or any document to be filed with the
Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) will not, in the
light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus will comply with law and (2)&nbsp;if at any time prior to the Closing Date (i)&nbsp;any event or development shall occur or
condition shall exist as a result of which the Pricing Disclosure Package as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii)&nbsp;it is necessary to amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package to comply with law, the Company will
immediately notify the Underwriter thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c)&nbsp;above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriter and to such dealers as the Underwriter may designate, such
amendments or supplements to the Pricing Disclosure Package (or any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Pricing Disclosure Package as so amended or
supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Pricing Disclosure Package will comply with law. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Blue Sky Compliance. </I>The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the Underwriter, to
qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Underwriter shall reasonably request and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for distribution of the Shares;
<I>provided</I> that the Company shall not be required to (i)&nbsp;qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as </P>
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a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii)&nbsp;file any general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction or
(iii)&nbsp;subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>Earnings
Statement. </I>The Company will make generally available to its security holders and the Underwriter as soon as practicable an earnings statement that satisfies the provisions of Section&nbsp;11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the
Commission promulgated thereunder covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the &#147;effective date&#148; (as defined in Rule 158) of the Registration Statement,
<I>provided</I> that the Company will be deemed to have complied with such requirement by filing such earnings statement on the Commission&#146;s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (or any successor system)
(&#147;EDGAR&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Clear Market. </I>For a period of 30 days after the date of the Prospectus, the Company will
not (i)&nbsp;offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or
submit to or file with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, or publicly disclose the intention to
make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition, submission or filing, or (ii)&nbsp;enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock or any such other securities,
whether any such transaction described in clause (i)&nbsp;or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, other than (A)&nbsp;the Shares
to be sold hereunder, (B)&nbsp;any shares of Common Stock of the Company issued upon the exercise or settlement of options or the vesting of deferred share units or restricted stock units granted under Company Stock Plans, (C)&nbsp;the grant by the
Company of awards under Company Stock Plans as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (D)&nbsp;the filing of a registration statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> (or
equivalent form) in connection with an employee stock compensation plan or agreement of the Company, which plan or agreement is disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (E)&nbsp;the issuance of
shares of Common Stock or other securities (including securities convertible into shares of Stock) in connection with the acquisition by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of the securities, businesses, properties or other assets of another
person or entity or pursuant to any employee benefit plan assumed by the Company in connection with any such acquisition, or (F)&nbsp;the issuance of shares of Common Stock or other securities (including securities convertible into shares of Stock)
in connection with joint ventures, commercial relationships or other strategic transactions; <I>provided</I> that, in the case of clauses (E)&nbsp;and (F), the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock issued in all such acquisitions and
transactions does not exceed 5% of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company following the offering of the Shares and any recipients of such shares of Common Stock shall deliver a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;lock-up&#148;</FONT>
agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <I>No Stabilization. </I>The Company will not take, directly
or indirectly, without giving effect to activities by the Underwriter, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <I>Reports. </I>For a period of two years from the date of this Agreement, the Company will furnish to the Underwriter, as
soon as they are available, copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to holders of the Shares, and copies of any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national
</P>
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securities exchange or automatic quotation system; <I>provided</I> the Company will be deemed to have furnished such reports and financial statements to the Underwriter to the extent they are
filed on EDGAR. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k) <I>Record Retention</I>. The Company will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good faith,
retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l) <I>Shelf Renewal</I>. If immediately prior to the third anniversary (the &#147;Renewal Deadline&#148;) of the initial
effective date of the Registration Statement, any of the Shares remain unsold by the Underwriter, the Company will, prior to the Renewal Deadline, file, if it has not already done so and is eligible to do so, a new automatic shelf registration
statement relating to the Shares, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter. If the Company is not eligible to file an automatic shelf registration statement, the Company will, prior to the Renewal Deadline, if it has not already done so,
file a new shelf registration statement relating to the Shares, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter, and will use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within 180 days after
the Renewal Deadline. The Company will take all other action necessary or appropriate to permit the sale of the Shares to continue as contemplated in the expired registration statement relating to the Shares. References herein to the Registration
Statement shall include such new automatic shelf registration statement or such new shelf registration statement, as the case may be. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6.
<U>Further Agreements of the Selling Stockholders</U>. Each of the Selling Stockholders severally covenants and agrees with the Underwriter that: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Clear Market</I>. It has delivered a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;lock-up&#148;</FONT> agreement substantially
in the form of Exhibit A hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>No Stabilization. </I>Such Selling Stockholder will not take, directly or
indirectly, without giving effect to activities by the Underwriter, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Tax Form. </I>It will deliver to the Underwriter prior to or at the Closing Date a properly completed and executed
United States Treasury Department Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">W-9</FONT> or applicable Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">W-8</FONT> (or other applicable form or statement specified by the Treasury Department regulations in lieu
thereof). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Use of Proceeds</I>. It will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares
hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to a subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i)&nbsp;to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding
or facilitation, is the subject or target of Sanctions, (ii)&nbsp;to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country, (iii)&nbsp;in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person participating in the
transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise of Sanctions or (iv)&nbsp;for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7. <U>Certain Agreements of the Underwriter</U>. The Underwriter hereby represents and
agrees that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) It has not used, authorized use of, referred to or participated in the planning for use of, and will not
use, authorize use of, refer to, or participate in the planning for use of, any &#147;free writing prospectus&#148;, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by
the Company and not incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company) other than (i)&nbsp;a free writing prospectus that contains no &#147;issuer information&#148; (as defined in Rule 433(h)(2)
under the Securities Act) that was not included (including through incorporation by reference) in the Preliminary Prospectus or a previously filed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (ii)&nbsp;any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Annex A or
prepared pursuant to Section&nbsp;3(c) above (including any electronic road show), or (iii)&nbsp;any free writing prospectus prepared by the Underwriter and approved by the Company in advance in writing (each such free writing prospectus referred to
in clauses (i)&nbsp;or (iii), an &#147;Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) It has not and will not, without
the prior written consent of the Company, use any free writing prospectus that contains the final terms of the Shares unless such terms have previously been included in a free writing prospectus filed with the Commission. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act with respect to the offering
contemplated by this Agreement (and will promptly notify the Company if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8. <U>Conditions of Underwriter&#146;s Obligations</U>. The obligation of the Underwriter to purchase the Shares on the Closing Date as
provided herein is subject to the performance by the Company and the Selling Stockholders of their respective covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Registration Compliance; No Stop Order. </I>No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be
in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose pursuant to Rule 401(g)(2) or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission; the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall
have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act (in the case of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act) and in accordance with Section&nbsp;5(a) hereof; and all requests by
the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Underwriter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Representations and Warranties. </I>The respective representations and warranties of the Company and the Selling
Stockholders contained herein shall be true and correct on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date, and the statements of the Company and its officers and of the Selling Stockholders and their respective officers made in any certificates
delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>No Downgrade.
</I>Subsequent to the earlier of (A)&nbsp;the Applicable Time and (B)&nbsp;the execution and delivery of this Agreement, (i)&nbsp;no downgrading shall have occurred in the rating accorded any debt securities, convertible securities or preferred
stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any &#147;nationally recognized statistical rating organization,&#148; as such term is defined under Section&nbsp;3(a)(62) under the Exchange Act and (ii)&nbsp;no such
organization shall have publicly announced that it has under surveillance or review, or has </P>
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changed its outlook with respect to, its rating of any such debt securities or preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (other than an announcement with
positive implications of a possible upgrading).<I> </I> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>No Material Adverse Change. </I>No event or condition of a
type described in Section&nbsp;3(g) hereof shall have occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in the Pricing Disclosure Package (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or
supplement thereto) and the effect of which in the judgment of the Underwriter makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this
Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Officer&#146;s Certificate. </I>The Underwriter shall
have received on and as of the Closing Date (x)&nbsp;a certificate, which shall be delivered on behalf of the Company and not the signatories in their individual capacity, of the chief financial officer or chief accounting officer of the Company and
one additional senior executive officer of the Company who is reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter (i)&nbsp;confirming that such officers have carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus
and, to the knowledge of such officers, the representations of the Company set forth in Section&nbsp;3(b) hereof are true and correct, (ii)&nbsp;confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and
correct and that the Company has complied in all material respects with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date and (iii)&nbsp;to the effect set forth in
paragraphs (a), (c) and (d)&nbsp;above and (y)&nbsp;a certificate of each Selling Stockholder, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter, (A)&nbsp;confirming that the representations of such Selling Stockholder set forth in
Sections 4(e), 4(f) and 4(g) hereof are true and correct and (B)&nbsp;confirming that the other representations and warranties of such Selling Stockholder in this agreement are true and correct and that such Selling Stockholder has complied in all
material respects with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Comfort Letters. </I>On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date, Deloitte&nbsp;&amp; Touche LLP shall have
furnished to the Underwriter, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriter, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter, containing statements and
information of the type customarily included in accountants&#146; &#147;comfort letters&#148; to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained or incorporated by reference in each of the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; <I>provided</I>, that the letter delivered on the Closing Date shall use a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;cut-off&#148;</FONT> date no more than three business days
prior to such Closing Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>Opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> Statement of Counsel for the
Company. </I>Jones Day, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Underwriter, at the request of the Company, their written opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> statement, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the
Underwriter, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Opinion of Counsel for the Selling
Stockholders. </I>(i) Cleary Gottlieb Steen&nbsp;&amp; Hamilton LLP, U.S. counsel for the Selling Stockholders, shall have furnished to the Underwriter, at the request of the Selling Stockholders, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date and
addressed to the Underwriter, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter; (ii)&nbsp;Torys LLP, Ontario counsel for Brookfield BBP (Canada) L.P. and Brookfield BBP Canada </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-22- </P>

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Holdings Inc., shall have furnished to the Underwriter, at the request of the Selling Stockholders, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Underwriter, in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter; and (iii)&nbsp;Thompson Dorfman Sweatman LLP, Manitoba counsel for BPE IV <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(Non-Cdn)</FONT> GP LP, shall have furnished to the Underwriter, at the request of the
Selling Stockholders, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Underwriter, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <I>Opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> Statement of Counsel for the Underwriter. </I>The Underwriter
shall have received on and as of the Closing Date an opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> statement of Cravath, Swaine&nbsp;&amp; Moore LLP, counsel for the Underwriter, addressed to the Underwriter, with respect to such matters
as the Underwriter may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <I>No Legal Impediment to Sale. </I>No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have
been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the sale of the Shares; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have
been issued that would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the sale of the Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k)
<I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-up</FONT> Agreements</I>. The <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#147;lock-up&#148;</FONT> agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, between the Underwriter and the Selling Stockholders,
the executive officers and directors of the Company listed on Annex B hereto relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Common Stock or certain other securities, delivered to the Underwriter on or before the date hereof, shall be
in full force and effect on the Closing Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l) <I>FinCEN Certificate</I>. On or before the date of this Agreement, the
Underwriter shall have received a certificate satisfying the beneficial ownership due diligence requirements of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (&#147;FinCEN&#148;) from each Selling Stockholder in form and substance reasonably satisfactory
to the Underwriter, along with such additional supporting documentation as the Underwriter has requested in connection with the verification of the foregoing certificate. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m) <I>Additional Documents. </I>On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have furnished
to the Underwriter such further certificates and documents as the Underwriter may reasonably request. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All opinions, letters, certificates
and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9. <U>Indemnification and Contribution</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Indemnification of the Underwriter by the Company. </I>The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter, its
affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and
liabilities (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and other reasonable expenses incurred and documented in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or
several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to
</P>
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state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, not misleading, or (ii)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of
a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any &#147;issuer information&#148; filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the
Securities Act, any road show as defined in Rule 433(h) under the Securities Act (a &#147;road show&#148;) or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or
alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the
Underwriter expressly for use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the information described as such in paragraph (c)&nbsp;below. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Indemnification of the Underwriter by the Selling Stockholders</I>. Each Selling Stockholder, severally and not jointly, agrees to
indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls the Underwriter within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act to the same
extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made
in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any
Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the information described as such in paragraph
(c)&nbsp;below. The aggregate amount of each Selling Stockholder&#146;s liability pursuant to this Section&nbsp;9(b) shall not exceed the aggregate amount of proceeds received after underwriting commissions and discounts but before expenses by such
Selling Stockholder from the sale of its Shares hereunder. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Indemnification of the Company and the Selling Stockholders. </I>The
Underwriter agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or
Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act and the Selling Stockholders to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, but only with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities that arise out of, or are based upon, any
untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to the Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Underwriter expressly for use in the
Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any road show or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has
subsequently been amended), it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information furnished by the Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of the Underwriter: (i)&nbsp;the marketing name
of the Underwriter set forth on the cover page; the legal name of the Underwriter and its participation in the sale of the Shares in the table set forth in the first paragraph under the caption &#147;Underwriting&#148;; (ii) the concession and
reallowance figures appearing in the third paragraph under the caption &#147;Underwriting&#148;; and (iii)&nbsp;the information contained in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth paragraphs under the caption &#147;Underwriting&#148;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Notice and Procedures. </I>If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand
shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;9, such person </P>
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(the &#147;Indemnified Person&#148;) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the &#147;Indemnifying Person&#148;) in writing; <I>provided</I> that the
failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;9 except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of
substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and <I>provided</I>, <I>further</I>, that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under the
preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;9. If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person, upon request of the Indemnified Person, thereof, the Indemnifying
Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person and any others entitled to
indemnification pursuant to this Section&nbsp;9 that the Indemnifying Person may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of such
counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless
(i)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person;
(iii)&nbsp;the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv)&nbsp;the named parties in any such
proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them.
It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceeding in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any
local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such reasonable and documented fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred. Any such separate firm for the Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and any
control persons of the Underwriter shall be designated in writing by the Underwriter and any such separate firm for the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and any control persons of the Company shall be
designated in writing by the Company and any such separate firm for the Selling Stockholders shall be designated in writing by the Selling Stockholders. The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected
without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Person agrees to indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement
or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an Indemnified Person shall have requested that an Indemnifying Person reimburse the Indemnified Person for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this paragraph, the
Indemnifying Person shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i)&nbsp;such settlement is entered into more than 60 days after receipt by the Indemnifying Person of such request and more than 30
days after receipt of the proposed terms of such settlement and (ii)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Person in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No Indemnifying Person shall,
without the written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been sought hereunder by
such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x)&nbsp;includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims that are the subject matter
of such proceeding and (y)&nbsp;does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Contribution. </I>If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a), (b) or (c)&nbsp;above is unavailable to an Indemnified Person
or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities </P>
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referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such
Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i)&nbsp;in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriter
on the other, from the offering of the Shares or (ii)&nbsp;if the allocation provided by clause (i)&nbsp;is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause
(i)&nbsp;but also the relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriter on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well
as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriter on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net
proceeds (before deducting expenses) received by the Selling Stockholders from the sale of the Shares and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriter in connection therewith, in each case as set forth in the table on
the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate offering price of the Shares. The relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriter on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other
things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company and the Selling Stockholders or by the Underwriter and the
parties&#146; relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. In no event shall any Selling Stockholder be required to contribute pursuant to this Section&nbsp;9(e) unless such
Selling Stockholder would have had an indemnification obligation pursuant to Section&nbsp;9(b) above in respect of the loss, claim, damage or liability (or action in respect thereof) giving rise to such contribution obligation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Limitation on Liability. </I>The Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriter agree that it would not be just and equitable if
contribution pursuant to paragraph (e)&nbsp;above were determined by <U>pro</U> <U>rata</U> allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (e)&nbsp;above. The
amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in paragraph (e)&nbsp;above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any reasonable legal or other
expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (e)&nbsp;and (f), in no event shall the Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount
by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriter with respect to the offering of the Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that the Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or
alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. In no event shall the aggregate liability of any Selling Stockholder under Section&nbsp;9(b) and Section&nbsp;9(e) exceed the limit set forth in Section&nbsp;9(b). No person guilty of
fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-Exclusive</FONT> Remedies. </I>The remedies provided for in this Section&nbsp;9 are not exclusive
and shall not limit any rights or remedies that may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10.
<U>Effectiveness of Agreement</U>. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11. <U>Termination</U>. This
Agreement may be terminated in the absolute discretion of the Underwriter, by notice to the Company and the Selling Stockholders, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and on or prior to the Closing Date (i)&nbsp;trading generally
shall have been suspended or materially limited on or by any of the NYSE or The Nasdaq Stock Market; (ii)&nbsp;trading of any securities </P>
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issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">over-the-counter</FONT></FONT> market;
(iii)&nbsp;a general moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by U.S. federal or New York State authorities; or (iv)&nbsp;there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or any change in financial
markets or any calamity or crisis, either within or outside the United States, that, in the judgment of the Underwriter, is material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares
on the Closing Date on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12.
[Reserved]. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13. <U>Payment of Expenses</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company and the Selling
Stockholders agree to pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses incident to the performance of their obligations hereunder, including without limitation, (i)&nbsp;the costs incident to the sale, preparation and delivery of the Shares and any
taxes payable in that connection; (ii)&nbsp;the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Pricing Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus (including all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) and the distribution thereof; (iii)&nbsp;the costs of reproducing and distributing this Agreement; (iv)&nbsp;the fees and expenses of the Company&#146;s counsel
and independent accountants; (v)&nbsp;the reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection with the registration or qualification and determination of eligibility for investment of the Shares under the laws of such jurisdictions as the
Underwriter may designate with the prior approval of the Company (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed) and the preparation, printing and distribution of a Blue Sky Memorandum (including the related reasonable fees
and expenses of counsel for the Underwriter) (such fees and disbursements of U.S. counsel for the Underwriter pursuant to this clause (v)&nbsp;shall not exceed $10,000);&nbsp;(vi) the cost of preparing stock certificates, if applicable; and
(vii)&nbsp;the costs and charges of any transfer agent and any registrar. It is, however, understood that except as provided in this Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;9 hereof, the Underwriter shall pay all of its own costs and expenses, including,
without limitation, the fees and disbursements of its counsel, stock transfer taxes payable on resale of any Shares by it and any advertising expenses connected with any offers it makes. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) If (i)&nbsp;this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section&nbsp;11 (other than as a result of a termination pursuant to clauses (i),
(iii) or (iv)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;11), (ii) the Selling Stockholders for any reason fail to tender the Shares for delivery to the Underwriter (other than as a result of a termination pursuant to clauses (i), (iii) or (iv)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;11 or
the default by the Underwriter in its obligations hereunder) or (iii)&nbsp;the Underwriter declines to purchase the Shares for any reason permitted under this Agreement, the Company and the Selling Stockholders agree to reimburse the Underwriter for
all <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> costs and expenses (including the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of its counsel) reasonably incurred by the Underwriter in connection with
this Agreement and the offering contemplated hereby. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) The provisions of this Section&nbsp;13 shall not supersede or otherwise affect
any agreement that the Company and the Selling Stockholders may otherwise have for the allocation of such expenses among themselves, including, without limitation, any provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April&nbsp;23, 2018,
by and between the Company and BCP IV GrafTech Holdings LP related to the allocation of expenses between the Company and such Selling Stockholder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14. <U>Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement</U>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and
their respective successors and the officers and directors and any controlling persons referred to herein, and the affiliates of the Underwriter referred to in Section&nbsp;9 </P>
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hereof. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision
contained herein. No purchaser of Shares from the Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor merely by reason of such purchase. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">15.
<U>Survival</U>. The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriter contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company, the
Selling Stockholders or the Underwriter pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Shares and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of this
Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company, the Selling Stockholders or the Underwriter. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16. <U>Certain Defined
Terms</U>. For purposes of this Agreement, (a)&nbsp;except where otherwise expressly provided, the term &#147;affiliate&#148; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; (b)&nbsp;the term &#147;business day&#148; means any day
other than a day on which banks are permitted or required to be closed in New York City; and (c)&nbsp;the term &#147;subsidiary&#148; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17. <U>Compliance with USA Patriot Act</U>. In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">107-56</FONT> (signed into law October&nbsp;26, 2001)), the Underwriter is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies its respective clients, including the Company and the Selling Stockholders, which
information may include the names and addresses of its respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriter to properly identify its respective clients. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18. <U>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) In the event that the Underwriter is a Covered Entity and becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the
transfer from the Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any
such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) In the event that the
(i)&nbsp;Underwriter (if it is a Covered Entity) or (ii)&nbsp;a BHC Act Affiliate of the Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against the
Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For purposes of this Section&nbsp;18, &#147;BHC Act Affiliate&#148; has the meaning assigned to the term &#147;affiliate&#148; in, and
shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. &#167; 1841(k). &#147;Covered Entity&#148; means any of the following: (i)&nbsp;a &#147;covered entity&#148; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167;
252.82(b); (ii) a &#147;covered bank&#148; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 47.3(b); or (iii)&nbsp;a &#147;covered FSI&#148; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R.
&#167; 382.2(b). &#147;Default Right&#148; has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167;&#167; 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. &#147;U.S. Special Resolution Regime&#148; means each of
(i)&nbsp;the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii)&nbsp;Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">19. <U>Miscellaneous</U>. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-28- </P>

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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Notices. </I>All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted and confirmed by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriter shall be given to the Underwriter at 1585 Broadway, New York, NY 10036; Attention: Equity Syndicate
Desk, with a copy to the Legal Department. Notices to the Company shall be given to it at 982 Keynote Circle, Brooklyn Heights, Ohio 44131, (fax: (216) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">676-2526);</FONT> Attention: Chief Legal Officer. Notices to the
Selling Stockholders shall be given to them at 250 Vesey Street, 15<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">th</SUP> Floor, Brookfield Place, New York, NY 10281, (fax: (212) <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">417-7184);</FONT> Attention:
Jaspreet Dehl. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Governing Law. </I>This Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Agreement
shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Waiver of Jury Trial.</I> Each of the
parties hereto hereby waives any right to trial by jury in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)
<I>Counterparts. </I>This Agreement may be signed in counterparts (which may include counterparts delivered by any standard form of telecommunication), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same
instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic
Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law (e.g., www.docusign.com)) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be legally valid, effective and enforceable for
all purposes. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Amendments or Waivers. </I>No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to
any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f)
<I>Headings. </I>The headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided
below. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-29- </P>

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 <DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


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<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Quinn J. Coburn</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: Quinn J. Coburn</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement] </I></P>
</DIV></Center>


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 <DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


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<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BROOKFIELD BBP (CANADA) L.P.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">By: Brookfield Canadian GP L.P., its general partner</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">By: Brookfield CanGP Limited, its general partner</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ A.J. Silber</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: A.J. Silber</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Senior Vice President</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BROOKFIELD BBP CANADA HOLDINGS INC.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ A.J. Silber</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: A.J. Silber</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Senior Vice President</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BPE IV <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(NON-CDN)</FONT> GP LP</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">By: Brookfield Capital Partners Ltd., its general partner</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ A.J. Silber</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: A.J. Silber</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Senior Vice President</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement] </I></P>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always">
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 <DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


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<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BCP IV GRAFTECH HOLDINGS LP</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">By: BPE IV <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(Non-Cdn)</FONT> GP LP, its general partner</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">By: Brookfield Capital Partners Ltd., its general partner</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ A.J. Silber</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: A.J. Silber</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Senior Vice President</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement] </I></P>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Accepted: As of the date first written above </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


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<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">MORGAN STANLEY&nbsp;&amp; CO. LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Matt Plemich</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: Matt Plemich</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Managing Director</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement] </I></P>
</DIV></Center>


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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Schedule 1 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="68%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="82%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Underwriter</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000">Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">8,500,000</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="68%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="82%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:8pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Selling Stockholders</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000">Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">BCP IV GrafTech Holdings LP</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">1,474,498</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brookfield BBP (Canada) L.P.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">1,885,093</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brookfield BBP Canada Holdings Inc.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">3,350,588</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">BPE IV <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(Non-Cdn)</FONT> GP LP</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="center">1,789,821</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Schedule 2 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><U>Significant Subsidiaries of GrafTech International Ltd. as of December&nbsp;31, 2019 </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech Holdings Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech USA LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Seadrift Coke L.P. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech Finance Inc. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech Global Enterprises Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech International Holdings
Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech Luxembourg I S.a.r.l. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech Luxembourg II
S.a.r.l. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech Switzerland S.A. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech Mexico S.A. de
C.V. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech France S.N.C. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Annex A </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B>a.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><B>Pricing Disclosure Package </B></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None </P> <P STYLE="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><B>b.</B></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><B>Pricing Information Conveyed by Underwriter </B></P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Price per share: $9.15 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Number
of shares: 8,500,000 Shares </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">-2- </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Annex B </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><U><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-up</FONT> Signatories </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">BCP IV GrafTech Holdings LP </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brookfield BBP (Canada) L.P. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brookfield BBP Canada Holdings Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">BPE IV <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(Non-Cdn)</FONT> GP LP </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">David J. Rintoul </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Quinn J. Coburn </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jeremy S. Halford </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Gina K. Gunning </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">I&ntilde;igo Perez Ortiz </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jeffrey C. Dutton </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Anthony R. Taccone </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Michel J. Dumas </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Denis A. Turcotte </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brian L. Acton </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Catherine L. Clegg </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Leslie D. Dunn </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">David Gregory </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Exhibit A </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">FORM OF <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">LOCK-UP</FONT> AGREEMENT </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">December [&#9679;], 2020 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Morgan
Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">180 Varick Street 2<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">nd</SUP> Floor </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, NY 10014 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Re: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GrafTech
International Ltd. &#150; Public Offering </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned understands that you propose to enter into an underwriting agreement (the &#147;Underwriting Agreement&#148;) with GrafTech
International Ltd., a Delaware corporation (the &#147;Company&#148;), and BCP IV GrafTech Holdings LP, Brookfield BBP (Canada) L.P., Brookfield BBP Canada Holdings Inc. and BPE IV <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">(Non-Cdn)</FONT> GP LP (the
&#147;Selling Stockholders&#148;), providing for the public offering (the &#147;Public Offering&#148;) by the Underwriter named in Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement (the &#147;Underwriter&#148;), of common stock, $0.01 per share par value
(the &#147;Common Stock&#148;), of the Company (the &#147;Securities&#148;) under the Company&#146;s registration statement on <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Form&nbsp;S-3</FONT> (Registration
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-232190).</FONT> Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Underwriting Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In consideration of the Underwriter&#146;s agreement to purchase and make the Public Offering of the Securities, and for other good and
valuable consideration receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Underwriter, the undersigned will not, during the period beginning on the date of this letter agreement
(this &#147;Letter Agreement&#148;) and ending 30 days after the date of the prospectus relating to the Public Offering (the &#147;Prospectus&#148;) (such period, the &#147;Restricted Period&#148;), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell
any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into
or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (including without limitation, Common Stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant), or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, (2)&nbsp;enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in
whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Stock or such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1)&nbsp;or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or such other
securities, in cash or otherwise or (3)&nbsp;make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any shares of Common Stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, in each case
other than: </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(A)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">the Securities to be sold by the undersigned pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement; </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(B)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">(i)&nbsp;transfers of shares of Common Stock as a bona fide gift or gifts, (ii)&nbsp;transfers of shares of
Common Stock as a result of the operation of law, such as estate, other testamentary document or intestate succession, (iii)&nbsp;transfers of shares of Common Stock to any immediate family member of the undersigned or any trust for the direct or
indirect benefit of the undersigned or any immediate family member of the undersigned (for purposes of this Letter Agreement, &#147;immediate family&#148; shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage or adoption,
</P></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD WIDTH="9%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top">
not more remote than first cousin) or (iv)&nbsp;if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership or other business entity, transfers or distributions of shares of Common Stock to (1)&nbsp;its
limited or general partners, members or stockholders or (2)&nbsp;its direct or indirect affiliates or other entities controlled or managed by the undersigned; [or] </TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(C)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">the exercise of Stock Options to purchase shares of Common Stock or the vesting of deferred share units or
restricted stock units and any related transfer of shares of Common Stock to the Company (i)&nbsp;deemed to occur upon the cashless exercise of such Stock Options or the vesting of deferred share units or restricted stock units or (ii)&nbsp;for the
purpose of paying the exercise price of such Stock Options or for paying taxes (including estimated taxes) due as a result of the exercise of such Stock Options or the vesting of deferred share units or restricted stock units; [or]
</P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">(D)</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">[transfers of shares of Common Stock to the undersigned&#146;s direct or indirect affiliates or any investment
fund controlled or managed by any affiliate of the Selling Stockholder and its affiliates.]<SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">1</SUP> </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><I>provided</I> that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clause (B) [or (D)], each donee, transferee or distributee shall execute and
deliver to the Underwriter a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> letter in the form of this paragraph; and <I>provided</I>, <I>further</I>, that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clauses (B) [and (C) / through (D)],
no filing by any party (donor, donee, transferor or transferee) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#147;Exchange Act&#148;) or other public
announcement shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer or distribution (other than a filing on a Form 5 made after the expiration of the Restricted Period referred to above). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Furthermore, the undersigned may, if permitted by the Company, establish a written trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-1</FONT> under the Exchange Act; <I>provided</I> that no sales or other transfers occur under such plan and no public disclosure of such plan shall be required or shall be made during the Restricted Period. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company, and any duly appointed transfer agent for the registration or transfer of the securities
described herein, are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of securities if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Letter Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Letter Agreement. All
authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives of the undersigned. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned understands that, if (i)&nbsp;prior to entering into the Underwriting Agreement, the Company or the Selling Stockholders
notify the Underwriter in writing that the Selling Stockholders do not intend to proceed with the Public Offering of Common Stock, (ii)&nbsp;the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective by December&nbsp;31, 2020 or (iii)&nbsp;the
Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Common Stock to be sold thereunder, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations
under this Letter Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="line-height:8.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;width:11%">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left"><SUP STYLE="font-size:85%; vertical-align:top">1</SUP>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left">Only to be included in Brookfield&#146;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> agreements.
</P></TD></TR></TABLE>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Exhibit A-2 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned understands that the Underwriter is entering into the Underwriting Agreement
and proceeding with the Public Offering in reliance upon this Letter Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This Letter Agreement and any claim, controversy or
dispute arising under or related to this Letter Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


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<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">[NAME OF STOCKHOLDER]</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Exhibit A-3 </P>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 5.1 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt" ALIGN="center">


<IMG SRC="g82623g1217023041322.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">NORTH POINT &#149; 901 LAKESIDE AVENUE &#149; CLEVELAND, OHIO 44114.1190 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">TELEPHONE: +1.216.586.3939 &#149; FACSIMILE: +1.216.579.0212 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">December&nbsp;17, 2020 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">GrafTech International
Ltd. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">982 Keynote Circle </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Brooklyn Heights, Ohio 44131 </P>
<P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">Re:</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><U>Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> Filed by GrafTech International
Ltd.</U> </P></TD></TR></TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We are acting as counsel for GrafTech International Ltd., a Delaware corporation (the &#147;<B><I>Company</I></B>&#148;), in connection with
the offering and sale by certain selling stockholders (the &#147;<B><I>Selling Stockholders</I></B>&#148;) of the Company of 8,500,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company (the &#147;<B><I>Shares</I></B>&#148;), pursuant
to the underwriting agreement, dated as of December&nbsp;14, 2020, entered into among the Company, the Selling Stockholders and Morgan Stanley&nbsp;&amp; Co. LLC. The Shares are being offered and sold pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933 (the &#147;<B><I>Act</I></B>&#148;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In connection with the opinion expressed herein, we have examined such documents, records and
matters of law as we have deemed relevant or necessary for purposes of such opinion. Based upon the foregoing and subject to the further assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares have been
validly issued and are fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The opinion expressed herein is limited to
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as currently in effect, and we express no opinion as to the effect of any other law of the State of Delaware or the laws of any other jurisdiction. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Current Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">8-K</FONT> dated
the date hereof filed by the Company and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-232190)</FONT> (the &#147;<B><I>Registration
Statement</I></B>&#148;), filed by the Company to effect the registration of the Shares under the Act, and to the reference to Jones Day under the caption &#147;Legal Matters&#148; in the prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statement.
In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we are included in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:55%; text-indent:-2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Very truly yours, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:55%; text-indent:-2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Jones Day </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="justify">AMSTERDAM &#149; ATLANTA &#149; BEIJING &#149; BOSTON &#149; BRISBANE &#149; BRUSSELS &#149; CHICAGO &#149; CLEVELAND &#149; COLUMBUS &#149;
DALLAS &#149; DETROITDUBAI &#149; D&Uuml;SSELDORF &#149; FRANKFURT &#149; HONG&nbsp;KONG &#149; HOUSTON &#149; IRVINE &#149; LONDON &#149; LOS&nbsp;ANGELES &#149; MADRID &#149; MELBOURNEMEXICO&nbsp;CITY &#149; MIAMI &#149; MILAN &#149; MINNEAPOLIS
&#149; MOSCOW &#149; MUNICH &#149; NEW&nbsp;YORK &#149; PARIS &#149; PERTH &#149; PITTSBURGH &#149; SAN&nbsp;DIEGOSAN&nbsp;FRANCISCO &#149; S&Atilde;O&nbsp;PAULO &#149; SAUDI ARABIA &#149; SHANGHAI &#149; SILICON&nbsp;VALLEY &#149; SINGAPORE &#149;
SYDNEY &#149; TAIPEI &#149; TOKYO &#149; WASHINGTON </P>
</DIV></Center>

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<span style="display: none;">v3.20.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139650914332552">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 17, 2020</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">GRAFTECH INTERNATIONAL LTD<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000931148<span></span>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Dec. 17,  2020<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</a></td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-13888<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">27-2496053<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">982 Keynote Circle<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Brooklyn Heights<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">OH<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">44131<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(216)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">676-2000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Security 12b Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common stock, $0.01 par value per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">EAF<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
