Stock Based and Other Management Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Based and Other Management Compensation

Stock-Based and Other Management Compensation

Our Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan permits the granting of options, and other stock-based awards (including restricted stock units and deferred share units). As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate number of shares authorized under the plans since their initial adoption was 15,000,000. Shares issued upon vesting of awards or exercise of options are new share issuances. Upon the vesting or payment of stock awards, an employee may elect receipt of the full share amount and either pay the resulting taxes or sell shares in the open market to cover the tax obligation.

The number of stock-based awards granted by our Board of Directors for the years ended 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:


	2020	2019	2018
Award type:
Stock options	308,875	229,250	979,790
Deferred share units	58,207	31,829	42,243
Restricted stock units	334,062	260,640	6,740

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense was $2.7 million, $2.1 million and $1.2 million in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A majority of the expense, $2.3 million in 2020, $1.9 million in 2019 and $1.0 million in 2018, was recorded as selling and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, with the remaining expenses incurred as cost of sales.

As of December 31, 2020, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, deferred share units and restricted stock units represents $7.9 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.4 years. As of December 31, 2019, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, deferred share units and restricted stock units represents $7.6 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.8 years.

Deferred Share Units and Restricted Stock Units. Compensation expense for deferred share units and restricted stock unit awards is based on the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant, less forfeitures or cancellations of awards throughout the vesting period, which generally range between one and five years. The weighted average grant date fair value of deferred share units and restricted stock units was approximately $8.84 per share during 2020.

Deferred share units and restricted stock unit awards activity under the Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan for 2020 was as follows:


	Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding unvested as of December 31, 2019	282,716	$	12.83
Granted	392,269	8.84
Cancelled	(45,760)	12.24
Vested	(104,737)	10.30
Outstanding unvested as of December 31, 2020	524,488	$	10.41

During 2020, we granted 392,269 shares of deferred share units and restricted stock units to certain directors, officers and employees at prices ranging from $6.48 to $10.66. Of the total deferred share units granted, 58,207 were granted to our independent directors in lieu of cash retainers and vested immediately upon grant. The remaining deferred share units and restricted stock units vest over a period of one to five years.

Stock Options. Compensation expense for stock options is based on the estimated fair value of the option on the date of the grant. We calculate the estimated fair value of the option using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. During 2020, we granted 308,875 options to certain of our officers and employees. The weighted average fair value of the options granted in 2020 was $3.11. During 2019, we granted 229,250 options to certain of our officers and employees. The weighted-average fair value of the options granted in 2019 was $5.13. During 2018, we granted 979,790 options to certain of our officers and employees. The weighted-average fair value of the options granted in 2018 was $6.08. The weighted average assumptions used in our Black-Scholes option pricing model for options granted in 2020 and 2019 were as follows:


	For the Year Ended December 31,2020		For the Year Ended December 31,2019		For the Year Ended December 31,2018
Dividend yield	0.44% - 3.77%		2.39% - 3.05%		1.70% - 2.27%
Expected volatility	50	%	50	%	45	%
Risk-free interest rate	0.37% - 1.22%		1.79% - 2.63%		2.84% - 2.98%
Expected term in years	6.5 years		6.5 years		6.5 years

Dividend Yield. Our dividend yield estimate is based on our expected dividends and the stock price on the grant date.

Expected Volatility. For 2020, we estimated the volatility of our common stock at the date of grant based on the historical volatility of the company’s stock. The volatility factor we use is based on our historical closing prices since our stock has been publicly traded. For the years 2019 and 2018, we estimated the volatility of our common stock at the date of grant based on the historical volatility of comparable companies over the most recent period commensurate with the expected life of the award.

Risk-Free Interest Rate. We base the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term equal to the expected life of the award.

Expected Term In Years. The expected life of awards granted represents the time period that the awards are expected to be outstanding. We determined the expected term of the grants using the “simplified” method as described by the SEC, since we do not have a history of stock option awards to provide a reliable basis for estimating such term.

The stock options vest over a five year period, with one-fifth of the award vesting on the anniversary date of the grant in each of the next five years. Options outstanding at December 31, 2020, have a weighted average remaining contractual life of 7.9 years, a weighted average remaining vesting period of 2.9 years, and an aggregate intrinsic value of $0.5 million. There were no options exercised during 2020, 2019 or 2018.

Stock options outstanding and exercisable under our plans at December 31, 2020 are:


			Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices			Number Outstanding	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life in Years	Weighted Average Exercise Prices	Number Exercisable	Weighted Average Exercise Prices
$7.28	-	$20.00	1,248,935	7.9	$13.66	342,574	$	15.38

Stock option awards activity under the Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan for 2020 was as follows:


	Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price
Outstanding unvested as of December 31, 2019	931,658	$	15.06
Granted	308,875	8.99
Vested	(190,212)	15.13
Forfeited	(143,960)	14.82
Outstanding unvested as of December 31, 2020	906,361	$	13.01

As of December 31, 2020, we had 303,583 options expected to vest in the next year. There were 342,574 options exercisable as of December 31, 2020.

Incentive Compensation PlansWe have a global incentive program for our worldwide salaried and hourly employees, the Incentive Compensation Program (the “ICP”), which includes a stockholder-approved executive incentive compensation plan. The ICP is based primarily on adjusted earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization. The balance of our accrued liability for ICP was $8.9 million at December 31, 2020 and $6.9 million as of December 31, 2019.