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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income TaxesWe compute and apply to ordinary income an estimated annual effective tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted business levels and activities, including the mix of domestic and foreign results and enacted tax laws. The estimated annual effective tax rate is updated quarterly based on actual results and updated operating forecasts. Ordinary income refers to income before the provision for income taxes excluding significant, unusual or infrequently occurring items. The tax effect of an unusual or infrequently occurring item is recorded in the interim period in which it occurs as a discrete item of tax.
The following table summarizes the provision for income taxes:
For the Three Months Ended June 30,For the Six Months
Ended June 30,
2022202120222021
(Dollars in thousands)
Provision for income taxes$21,422 $7,765 $41,219 $24,022 
Pre-tax income136,419 35,930 280,399 150,986 
Effective tax rate15.7 %21.6 %14.7 %15.9 %
The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 was 15.7%. This rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at different rates, which is partially offset by the net combined impact related to the U.S. taxation of global intangible low taxed income ("GILTI") and Foreign Tax Credits ("FTCs").
The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2021 was 21.6%. This rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at lower rates, which is partially offset by the net combined impact related to the U.S. taxation of GILTI and FTCs. A portion of the one-time Change in Control (as defined in Note 12. Stock-Based Compensation) charges recorded in the second quarter of 2021 was not deductible and contributed to the increase in the effective rate from the prior periods.
The provision for income tax increased from $7.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 to $21.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. This change is primarily related to an increase in pre-tax income, partially offset by a decrease in the effective tax rate due to the mix of worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at different rates and U.S. taxation of GILTI.
The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was 14.7%. This rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at different rates, which is partially offset by the net combined impact related to the U.S. taxation of GILTI and FTCs.
The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was 15.9%. This rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at different rates which is partially offset by the net combined impact related to the U.S. taxation of GILTI and FTCs.
The provision for income tax increased from $24.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 to $41.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. This change is primarily related to an increase in pre-tax income, partially offset by a decrease in the effective tax rate due to the mix of worldwide earnings from various countries taxed at different rates and U.S. taxation of GILTI.
As of June 30, 2022, we had unrecognized tax positions of $0.1 million, which, if recognized, would have an immaterial, favorable, impact on our effective tax rate.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. All U.S. federal tax years prior to 2018 are generally closed by statute or have been audited and settled with the applicable domestic tax authorities. Other jurisdictions are generally closed for years prior to 2016.
We continue to assess the realization of our deferred tax assets based on determinations of whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax benefits will be realized through the generation of future taxable income. Appropriate consideration is given to all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Examples of positive evidence would include a strong earnings history, an event or events that would increase our taxable income through a continued reduction of expenses, and tax planning strategies that would indicate an ability to realize deferred tax assets. In circumstances where the significant positive evidence does not outweigh the negative evidence in regards to whether or not a valuation allowance is required, we have established and maintained valuation allowances on those net deferred tax assets.