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Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by type of product and contract, including our take or pay contracts with initial terms of three to five years (“LTA”) and short-term agreements and spot sales (“non-LTA”):
Three Months
Ended September 30,		Nine Months
Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
(Dollars in thousands)
Graphite Electrodes - LTAs$66,344 $212,087 $212,579 $683,858 
Graphite Electrodes - Non-LTAs88,629 79,710 246,726 296,954 
By-products and other4,019 12,043 24,050 52,919 
Total Revenues$158,992 $303,840 $483,355 $1,033,731 
Contract Balances
Substantially all of the Company’s receivables relate to contracts with customers. Accounts receivables are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Payment terms on invoices range from 30 to 120 days depending on the customary business practices of the jurisdictions in which we do business.
Certain short-term and longer-term sales contracts require up-front payments prior to the Company’s fulfillment of any performance obligation. These contract liabilities are recorded as current or long-term deferred revenue, depending on the lag between the pre-payment and the expected delivery of the related products. Additionally, deferred revenue or contract assets originate from contracts where the allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices results in the timing of revenue recognition being different from the timing of the invoicing. In this case, deferred revenue is amortized into revenue based on the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations and contract assets are realized through the contract invoicing.
Contract assets are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets,” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We did not have any contract asset balances as of September 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.
Current deferred revenue is included in “Other accrued liabilities” on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following table provides our contract liability balances as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
September 30,
2023		December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Current deferred revenue$25,122 $27,878 
The amount of revenue recognized in 2023 that was included in the December 31, 2022 current deferred revenue balance was $10.0 million. The decrease in the current deferred revenue balance since December 31, 2022 is due to revenue recognized in the current year, partially offset by customer prepayments. The current deferred revenue balance includes cashed
bank guarantees related to outstanding arbitration proceedings the outcome of which will determine the timing of revenue recognition.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
The following table presents estimated revenues expected to be recognized in the corresponding period below related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of reporting period. The revenue associated with our LTAs is expected to be approximately as follows for the full years of 2023 and 2024:
20232024
(Dollars in millions)
Estimated LTA revenue
$245-$255
$100-$135(1)
(1) Includes expected termination fees from a few customers that have failed to meet certain obligations under their LTAs.
We recorded $212.6 million of LTA revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and we expect to record approximately $32.0 million to $42.0 million of LTA revenue for the remainder of 2023.
The majority of the LTAs are defined as pre-determined fixed annual volume contracts while a small portion are defined with a specified volume range. For the years 2023 and 2024, the contractual revenue amounts above are based upon the minimum volume for those contracts with specified ranges. The actual revenue realized from these contracted volumes may vary in timing and total due to contract non-performance, force majeure notices, arbitrations, credit risk associated with certain customers facing financial challenges and customer demand related to contracted volume ranges.