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Segment Reporting
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Reporting Disclosure Segment Reporting
Our Industrial Materials segment, our only operating and reportable segment, manufactures high-quality graphite electrodes essential to the production of EAF steel and other ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Petroleum needle coke, a crystalline form of carbon derived from decant oil, is a key raw material used in the production of graphite electrodes. We utilize the majority of the needle coke that we produce internally to manufacture our graphite electrodes and as a result approximately 91% of our revenues from external customers are derived from the sale of graphite electrodes.

Our chief operating decision maker is our chief executive officer. The chief operating decision maker assesses performance for our Industrial Materials segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income or losses, which are reported on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
The chief operating decision maker uses net loss to evaluate growth trends, establish budgets, assess operational efficiencies and evaluate our overall financial performance.
The following table presents selected financial information with respect to the Company’s single operating segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:
Three Months Ended
 March 31,
20252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Net sales$111,839 $136,584 
Cash cost of goods sold(1)
90,206 110,742 
Other segment expenses20,559 24,462 
Lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment2,783 2,692 
Research and development1,879 1,627 
Selling and administrative expenses14,622 15,277 
Rationalization expenses— 3,145 
Other expense (income), net447 (393)
Interest expense29,841 15,626 
Interest income(1,935)(1,524)
Income tax benefit(7,212)(4,201)
Net loss$(39,351)$(30,869)
(1)     Cash cost of goods sold is defined as cost of goods sold less depreciation and amortization and less cost of goods sold associated with the portion of our sales that consist of deliveries of by-products of the manufacturing processes, and is the significant expense the chief operating decision maker uses to evaluate segment expenses.