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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
We compute and apply to ordinary income or loss an estimated annual effective tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted business levels and activities, including the mix of domestic and foreign results and enacted tax laws. The estimated annual effective tax rate is updated quarterly based on actual results and updated operating forecasts. Ordinary income or loss refers to income or loss before income taxes excluding significant, unusual or infrequently occurring items. The tax effect of an unusual or infrequently occurring item is recorded in the interim period in which it occurs as a discrete item of tax.

The following table summarizes the income tax benefit:
Three Months Ended
 June 30,		Six Months Ended
 June 30,
2025202420252024
(Dollars in thousands)
Income tax expense (benefit)$51,207 $(592)$43,995 $(4,793)
Loss before income taxes(35,679)(15,344)(82,242)(50,414)
Effective tax rate(143.5)%3.9 %(53.5)%9.5 %
The effective tax rate for the second quarter and first six months of 2025 was different than the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the recording of a valuation allowance against the Company’s previously realizable U.S. and Switzerland deferred tax assets of $34.2 million and $8.4 million, respectively, as described below. The effective tax rate for the second quarter and first six months of 2024 was different from the U.S. statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the mix of U.S. and foreign earnings, tax incentives and provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act”).
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. All U.S. federal tax years prior to 2021 are generally closed by statute or have been audited and settled with the applicable domestic tax authorities. Other jurisdictions are generally closed for years prior to 2019.
At each reporting period, the Company assesses the need for valuation allowances against deferred tax assets and whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax benefits will be realized in each jurisdiction. Consideration is given to all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Examples of positive evidence include a strong earnings history, an event or events that would increase the Company's taxable income or reduce expenses, or tax planning strategies that would create the ability to realize deferred tax assets. Examples of negative evidence include cumulative losses in recent years or a history of tax attributes expiring unused. In circumstances where the negative evidence outweighs the positive evidence, the Company has established or maintained valuation allowances on the jurisdiction’s net deferred tax assets. However, the recognition of the valuation allowance does not limit the Company's ability to utilize these tax assets on a tax return in the future should taxable income be realized in sufficient amount to realize the assets.
At the end of the second quarter of 2025, the Company’s cumulative losses in the U.S. and Switzerland in recent years, when assessed with other positive and negative evidence, represented sufficient negative evidence to require full valuation allowances on its U.S. and Switzerland previously realizable deferred tax assets. As of June 30, 2025, the Company’s U.S. and Switzerland operations had valuation allowances recorded of $52.4 million and $8.4 million, respectively.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”), containing various changes to U.S. corporate tax laws was enacted. Following enactment, we have assessed the applicability of the retroactive business provisions in the OBBBA. We are still evaluating the potential future impact of the OBBBA on our consolidated financial statements.