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Significant Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimation Uncertainty | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimation Uncertainty |
3 | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES, JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY
The significant accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates and those differences could be material. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash deposits held with banks, and other highly liquid short-term interest bearing securities with maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less. Sales, Trade Receivables and Concentrations of Credit Risk For both 2019 and 2018, approximately 83% of the Company’s sales were in the United State s. In 2019 three customers, Wal-mart, Kroger and Publix Super Markets, comprised 11.8% , 10.9% and 10.6% of sales, respectively. In 2018 two customers, Publix Super Markets and Kroger comprised 12.0% and 11.4% of sales, respectively. Trade receivables, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts, represent their estimated net realizable value , which approximates fair value . Provisions for doubtful accounts are recorded based on historical collection experience and the age of the receivables. Receivables are written off when they are deemed uncollectible. As of December 31, 20 19, the Company’s trade receivables had one customer that represented more than 10 % of the balance of trade receivables, representing 16.9 % of the balance . As of December 31, 201 8 , the Company ’s trade receivables had two customer s that represented more than 10% of the balance of trade receivables, representing 13.8 % and 11.5 %. The Company believes that its expected credit losses are limited due to the protection afforded to the Company by the Perishable Agricultural Commodities Act (the “PACA”) for its sales in the United States, which represent s the majority of the Company’s annual sales and a cc ounts receivable at year end . The PACA protection gives a claim filed under the PACA first lien on all PACA assets (which include cash and trade receivables of the debtor). Inventories Inventories, consisting of crop inventory, purchased produce inventory and spare parts inventory are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value determined using weighted average cost or first-in first out methods. Costs included in crop inventory include but are not limited to raw material packaging, direct labor, overhead, and the depreciation of growing equipment and facilities determined at normal capacity. These costs are expensed as cost of sales when the crops are harvested and delivered throughout the various crop cycles, which end at various times throughout the year. Inventories consisted of the following:
|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | December 31, 2018 |
Crop inventory |  | $ | 15,281 |  |  | $ | 24,249 |
Purchased produce inventory |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 643 |
Spare parts inventory |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 64 |
|  | $ | 15,918 |  |  | $ | 24,956 |
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 crop inventory was written down by $218 and $401, respectively, to its net realizable value. Equity Method Investments and Variable Interest Entities The Company evaluates the method of accounting for investments in which it does not hold an equity interest of at least 50% based on the amount of control it exercises over the operations of the investee, exposure to losses in excess of its investment, the ability to significantly influence the investee and whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of the investee. Investments not qualifying for consolidation are accounted for under the equity method whereby the ongoing investment in the entity, consisting of its initial investment adjusted for distributions, gains and losses of the entity are classified as a single line in the consolidated statements of financial position and as a non-operating item in the consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss). The Company regularly monitors and evaluates the fair value of its equity investments. If events and circumstances indicate that a decline in the fair value of these assets has occurred and is other than temporary, the Company will record a charge in earnings from joint ventures in the consolidated statements of income (loss). The Company’s investments do not have a readily determinable fair value as none of them are publicly traded. The fair values of the Company’s equity investments are determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows of each entity. These cash flow estimates include assumptions on growth rates and future currency exchange rates (Level 3). The Company did not record an impairment charge on any of its equity investments in fiscal years 2019, 2018, or 2017, except as noted in Note 4. Prior to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 - ” Revenues from Contracts with Customers ” the Company measured its nonmonetary equity contributions at the book value of the assets being contributed with no gain or loss being recognized. Following the adoption of ASC 606, the Company measures nonmonetary equity contributions at fair value, which provides for recognizing a gain or loss upon the derecognition of the nonmonetary assets. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is allocated between cost of sales and SG&A expenses depending on the ty pe of asset and is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining life of the lease or useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and repairs are charged to cost of sale s when incurred. Significant expenditures, which extend the useful lives of assets, are capitalized. Land is not depreciated. The estimated useful lives of the class of assets for the current and comparative periods are as follows:
Classification |  | Estimated Useful Lives |
Leasehold and land improvements |  | 5-20 years |
Greenhouses and other buildings |  | 4-30 years |
Greenhouse equipment |  | 3-30 years |
Machinery and equipment |  | 3-12 years |
Construction in process reflects the cost of assets under construction, which are not depreciated until placed into service. Revenue Recognition Prior to January 1, 2018, revenue from the sale of produce in the course of ordinary activities was measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue from the production and sale of power was measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Revenue was recognized when persuasive evidence existed that the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer, recovery of the consideration was probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods could be estimated reliably, there was no continuing management involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue could be measured reliably. If it was probable that discounts would be granted and the amount could be measured reliably, then the discount was recognized as a reduction of revenue as the sales were recognized. The timing of the transfer of risks and rewards occurred at the time the produce had been successfully delivered, the risk of loss had passed to the customer, and collectability was reasonably assured. Following the adoption of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition approach the Company now recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In order to achieve this core principle, the Company applies a five-step process. The Company generates its revenue through the sale of grown produce and third party produce, with standard shipping terms and discounts, and through the production and sale of power. The Company’s produce revenue transactions consist of single performance obligations to transfer promised goods at a fixed price. Quantities to be delivered to the customer are determined at a point near the date of delivery through purchase orders they receive from the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it has fulfilled a performance obligation, which is typically when the customer receives the goods and their performance obligation is complete. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring product. The amount of revenue recognized is reduced for estimated returns and other customer credits, such as discounts and rebates, based on the expected value to be realized. Payment terms are consistent with terms standard to the markets the Company serves. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for the loss that would be incurred if a customer was unable to pay amounts due. The Company initially estimates the allowance required at the time of revenue recognition based on historical experience and makes changes to the allowance based on various factors, including changes in the customer’s financial condition or payment patterns. The Company sells electricity to British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority. Revenues are recognized as the electricity is delivered to/consumed by the customer and is based on contractual usage rates and meter readings that measure electricity consumption. The Company has elected to exclude taxes collected from its customers assessed by government authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction from our determination of transaction price. Revenue received from shipping and handling fees is reflected in net sales. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales as incurred or at the time revenue is recognized for the related goods, whichever comes first. Impairments of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, including intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets are grouped with other assets to the lowest level to which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. Management assesses the recoverability of the carrying cost of the assets based on a review of projected undiscounted cash flows. If an asset is held for sale, management reviews its estimated fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is determined using pertinent market information, including appraisals or broker’s estimates, and/or projected discounted cash flows. In the event an impairment loss is identified, it is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the long-lived asset. Segment Reporting Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). Based on the aggregation criteria in ASC 280, Segment Reporting , the Company has identified two operating segments, the Produce Business and the Energy Business. Foreign Currency Translation Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rates in effect at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect when the fair value was determined. Foreign currency differences are generally recognized in net income. Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated to the functional currency using the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction giving rise to the item. Fair Value Measurements Pursuant to the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (ASC 820), the Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value or discloses the fair value of certain assets and liabilities recorded at cost in the consolidated financial statements. Fair value is calculated as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires assets and liabilities measured at fair value to be categorized into one of three levels based on the inputs used in the valuation. The Company classifies assets and liabilities in their entirety based on the lowest level of input significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are defined as follows: Level 1: Observable inputs based on quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Observable inputs, other than those included in Level 1, based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in inactive markets. Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about what inputs a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are deemed to have occurred at the end of the reporting period in which the event or change of circumstances caused the transfer to occur. Advertising Advertising costs are included in selling, general and administrative expense s and are expensed as incurred. These expenses totaled $ 83 , $ 160 and $ 201 for the years ended 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Share-Based Compensation The Company grants stock options and performance-based restricted stock (“RS”) to certain employees and directors. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation using the fair value provisions prescribed by ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation . Accordingly, compensation costs for awards of stock-based compensation settled in shares are determined based on the fair value of the share-based instrument at the time of grant and are recognized as expense over the vesting period of the share-based instrument . The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur. Stock options generally vest over three years ( 33 % per year following the grant date) and expire after ten years. Each tranche in an award is considered a separate award with its own vesting period. The fair value of each tranche is measured at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Compensation expense is recognized over the tranche’s vesting period by increasing additional paid-in capital based on the number of awards expected to vest. The number of awards expected to vest is reviewed at least annually, with any impact recognized immediately. The RS granted will be settled using the Company’s own equity and issued from treasury if the performance standard is met. The equity-settled share-based compensation is measured at the fair value of the Company’s common shares as at the grant date in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Stock Compensation Plan. The fair value determined at the grant date is charged to income when performance based vesting conditions are met, based on the number of RS that will eventually be converted to common shares, with a corresponding increase in equity. Income Taxes Deferred income taxes are provided to recognize temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the income tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities using currently enacted tax rates and laws. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The Company evaluates uncertain income tax positions in a two-step process. The first step is recognition, where the Company evaluates whether an individual tax position has a likelihood of greater than 50 % of being sustained upon examination based on the technical merits of the position, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. For tax positions that are currently estimated to have a less than 50 % likelihood of being sustained, zero tax benefit is recorded. For tax positions that have met the recognition threshold in the first step, the Company performs the second step of measuring the benefit to be recorded. The actual benefits ultimately realized may differ from the Company’s estimates. In future periods, changes in facts and circumstances and new information may require the Company to change the recognition and measurement estimates with regard to individual tax positions. Changes in recognition and measurement estimates are recorded in results of operations and financial position in the period in which such changes occur. Basic and Diluted Income (Loss) Per Share Basic income per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The treasury stock method is used for the calculation of diluted income per share. Under this method, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding assumes that the proceeds to be received on the exercise of dilutive share options are applied to repurchase common shares at the average market price for the period. Share options are dilutive when the average market price of the common shares during the period exceeds the exercise price of the options. Options to purchase shares of common stock and RS are not included in the calculation of net income (loss) per share when the effect is anti-dilutive. New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases, for leases where the Company assumed substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership were classified as finance leases. Upon initial recognition, the leased asset is measured at an amount equal to the lower of its fair value and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the asset was accounted for in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset. Other leases are operating leases and rent expenses were recognized in the Company’s consolidated statements of (loss) income. In February 2016 , the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases , and has subsequently issued several supplemental and/or clarifying ASU’s (collectively, “Topic 842 ”), which requires a dual approach for lease accounting under which a lessee would account for leases as finance leases or operating leases. Both finance leases and operating leases may result in the lessee recognizing a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability. For finance leases, the lessee would recognize interest expense and amortization of the right-of-use asset, and for operating leases, the lessee would recognize lease expense on a straight-line basis. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842, using the modified retrospective method and did not restate prior periods. The Company elected to utilize the package of practical expedients that allows us to 1) not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, 2) retain the existing classification of lease contracts as of the date of adoption, and 3) not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company’s classes of assets include land leases, building leases and equipment leases. On adoption, the Company recognized lease liabilities in relation to leases which had previously been classified as ‘operating leases’ under the principles of Topic 842. These lease liabilities were measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using the borrowing rate of the Company. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate applied to the lease liabilities on January 1, 2019 was 6.25 %. These leases are included in right-of-use assets, short-term lease liabilities and long-term lease liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position . Right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For leases previously classified as finance leases the entity recognized the carrying amount of the lease asset and lease liability immediately before transition as the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset and the lease liability at the date of initial application . Additionally, the Company has elected the short-term lease exception for all classes of assets, and does not apply the recognition requirements for leases of 12 months or less, and recognizes lease payments for short-term leases as expense either straight-line over the lease term or as incurred depending on whether the lease payments are fixed or variable. These elections are applied consistently for all leases.
|  | 2019 |
Operating lease commitments disclosed as at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 5,064 |
Less: short-term leases recognized on a straight-line basis as expense |  |  | (210 | )
|  |  | 4,854 |
Discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate of 6.25% at the date of initial application |  |  | 4,269 |
Add: additional leases identified on adoption of Topic 842 |  |  | 88 |
Add: finance lease liabilities recognized as at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 180 |
Lease liability recognized as at January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 4,537 |
Of which are: |  |  |  |
Current lease liabilities |  |  | 871 |
Non-current lease liabilities |  |  | 3,666 |
|  | $ | 4,537 |
The recognized right-of-use assets relate to the following types of assets:
|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | January 1, 2019 |
Land |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 140 |
Building |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,017 |
Equipment |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 380 |
Total right-of-use assets |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 4,537 |
New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing exceptions within the general principles of Topic 740 regarding the calculation of deferred tax liabilities, the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation, and calculating income taxes in an interim period. In addition, the ASU adds clarifications to the accounting for franchise tax (or similar tax). which is partially based on income, evaluating tax basis of goodwill recognized from a business combination, and reflecting the effect of any enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and will be applied either retrospectively or prospectively based upon the applicable amendments. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 removes the disclosure requirement for the amount and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements as well as the process for Level 3 fair value measurements. In addition, the ASU adds the disclosure requirements for changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period as well as the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years and will be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses.” The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis, such as accounts receivable and certain other financial assets, to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and requires the modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. Based on the composition of the Company’s trade receivables and other financial assets, current market conditions, and historical credit loss activity, the adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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