Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

13	INCOME TAXES

The components of the provision for (recovery of) income tax for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:


	2019
	Current			Deferred			Total
Federal	$	—		$	(5,922	)	$	(5,922	)
State		8			(751	)		(743	)
Foreign		(19	)		818			799

	$	(11	)	$	(5,855	)	$	5,866


	2018
	Current		Deferred			Total
Federal	$	—	$	(1,786	)	$	(1,786	)
State		8		(187	)		(179	)
Foreign		422		(757	)		(335	)

	$	430	$	(2,730	)	$	(2,300	)


	2017
	Current			Deferred			Total
Federal	$	(232	)	$	(1,044	)	$	(1,276	)
State		24			(120	)		(96	)
Foreig n		237			372			609

	$	29		$	(792	)	$	(763	)

The provision for (recovery of) income taxes reflected in the consolidated statements of (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 differs from the amounts computed at the federal statutory tax rates. The principal differences between the statutory income tax (recovery) and the effective provision for (recovery of) income taxes are summarized as follows:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
(Loss) income before income taxes	$	(3,541	)	$	(9,815	)	$	(5,520	)

Tax (recovery) calculated at domestic tax rates applicable in the respective countries		(744	)		(2,061	)		(1,877	)
State tax adjustments		(350	)		—			(36	)
Non-deductible items		1,304			394			422
Capitalized debt amortization costs		(631	)		—			—
Share of (income) losses from joint venture		(4,367	)		(75	)		66
Unrealized foreign exchange		(276	)		(309	)		116
Deferred gains on non-cash contributions to joint venture		(2,407	)		—			(1,114	)
Differences attributed to joint venture capital transactions		(42	)		(56	)		(698	)
Tax rate differences on deferred items		1,472			92			(268	)
Foreign exchange on translation		—			—			132
Permanent and state true-up		63			(209	)		—
Statutory rate difference		—			—			2,550
Other		112			(76	)		(56	)

Provision for (recovery of) income taxes	$	(5,866	)	$	(2,300	)	$	(763	)

The statutory tax rate in effect in Canada for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was 27.0%, 27.0% and 26.0%, respectively, and 21.0%, 21.0% and 34.0%, respectively, in the United States.

The blended effective tax rate for 2019 was 165.6% compared to 23.4% and 13.8% in 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.

The deferred tax assets and liabilities presented on the consolidated statements of financial positions

The deferred tax assets and liabilities presented on the consolidated statements of financial position are net amounts corresponding to their reporting jurisdiction. The deferred tax assets and liabilities presented in the note disclosure are grouped based on asset and liability classification without consideration of their corresponding reporting jurisdiction.

Significant components of the Company’s net deferred income taxes at December 31, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:


	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets:
Other assets	$	2,536		$	2,239
Long-term debt		1,040			1,289
Tax losses: Non-capital and farm losses		11,553			5,974
Provisions: Debt and unit issuance costs		800			372
Tax losses: Capital losses		—			228
Joint venture shares		1,154			—
Joint venture property, plant and equipment: Valuation allowance		—			(478	)
Tax losses: Valuation allowance		(31	)		(25	)

		17,052			9,599

Deferred tax liabilities:
Joint venture shares		(2,593	)		(867	)
Property, plant and equipment		(8,333	)		(8,458	)

		(10,926	)		(9,535	)

Net tax assets	$	6,126		$	274

In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon available positive and negative evidence and future taxable income, the Company has recorded a $30 valuation allowance on their deferred tax assets for the year ended December 31, 2019. The valuation allowance reflected on the consolidated balance sheets is approximately $504 and $607 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Included in the schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities above are US federal net operating losses carryforwards of approximately $48,285 and $24,340 at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which will begin to expire in 2031. At the state level, the Company has a combined states net operating loss carry forward of approximately $12,572 and $7,711 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which start to expire in 2020. The Canadian

Non-Capital

Losses carry forwards are $1,770 and $408 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which begin to expire in 2027.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the balance of uncertain tax benefits is zero. The Company does not anticipate that the amount of the uncertain tax benefit will significantly increase within the next 12 months. The Company recognizes accrued interest related to uncertain tax benefits and penalties as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there are no recognized liabilities for interest or penalties.

The Company is subject to taxation in the U.S. and various states, as well as Canada and its provinces. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s tax years for 2016, 2017 and 2018 are subject to examination by the tax authorities. As of December 31, 2019, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.