10-Q 1 d905928d10q.htm FORM 10-Q

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

☐ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-38783

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Canada |  | 98-1007671
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

4700-80th Street

Delta, British Columbia Canada

V4K 3N3

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(604) 940-6012

Issuer’s phone number, including area code

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report).

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, without par value |  | VFF |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files. Yes ☒ No ☐ Not Applicable ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “small reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☒ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of August 12, 2020, 56,474,084 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  |  | Page |
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  |  |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position |  |  | 1 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | 2 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | 3 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows |  |  | 4 |
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements |  |  | 5 |
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  |  | 16 |
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  |  | 27 |
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  |  | 27 |
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |  |  | 28 |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  |  | 28 |
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  |  | 28 |
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  |  | 28 |
Item 5. |  | Other information |  |  | 28 |
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  |  | 28 |
|  | Signatures |  |  | 30 |

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Forward Looking Statement

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “Village Farms,” “Village Farms International,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” and similar references refer to Village Farms International, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Common Shares” refers to our common shares, no par value. Our financial information is presented in U.S. dollars and all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “$” means U.S. dollars and all references to “C$” means Canadian dollars.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities law. We refer to such forward-looking statements and forward-looking information collectively as “forward-looking statements”. Forward-looking statements may relate to the Company’s future outlook or financial position and anticipated events or results and may include statements regarding the financial position, business strategy, budgets, expansion plans, litigation, projected production, projected costs, capital expenditures, financial results, taxes, plans and objectives of or involving the Company. Particularly, statements regarding future results, performance, achievements, prospects or opportunities for the Company, the greenhouse vegetable industry or the cannabis industry are forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking information can be identified by such terms as “outlook”, “may”, “might”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “would”, “occur”, “expect”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “intend”, “try”, “estimate”, “predict”, “potential”, “continue”, “likely”, “schedule”, “objectives”, or the negative or grammatical variation thereof or other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are subject to risks that may include, but are not limited to: our limited operating history, including that of our Pure Sunfarms Corp. joint venture for the production of cannabis in Canada (our “Joint Venture”) and our start-up operations of growing hemp in the United States; the legal status of our Joint Venture; risks relating to obtaining additional financing, including our dependence upon credit facilities; potential difficulties in achieving and/or maintaining profitability; variability of product pricing; risks inherent in the cannabis, hemp and agricultural businesses; the ability of our Joint Venture to cultivate and distribute cannabis in Canada; existing and new governmental regulations, including risks related to regulatory compliance and licenses (e.g., our Joint Venture’s ability to obtain licenses for its Delta 2 greenhouse facility as well as additional licenses under the Canadian act respecting cannabis to amend to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts, S.C. 2018, c. 16 (Canada) for its Delta 3 greenhouse facility), and changes in our regulatory requirements; risks relating to conversion of our greenhouses to cannabis production for our Joint Venture; risks related to rules and regulations at the U.S. federal (Food and Drug Administration and United States Department of Agriculture), state and municipal levels with respect to produce and hemp; retail consolidation, technological advances and other forms of competition; transportation disruptions; product liability and other potential litigation; retention of key executives; labor issues; uninsured and underinsured losses; vulnerability to rising energy costs; environmental, health and safety risks, foreign exchange exposure, risks associated with cross-border trade; difficulties in managing our growth; restrictive covenants under our credit facilities; natural catastrophes; the ongoing and developing COVID-19 pandemic; and tax risks.

The Company has based these forward-looking statements on factors and assumptions about future events and financial trends that it believes may affect its financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. Although the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based upon assumptions that management believes are reasonable based on information currently available to management, there can be no assurance that actual results will be consistent with these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements necessarily involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company’s control, that may cause the Company’s or the industry’s actual results, performance, achievements, prospects and opportunities in future periods to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the factors contained in the Company’s filings with securities regulators, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In particular, we caution you that our forward-looking statements are subject to the ongoing and developing circumstances related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and future financial results.

When relying on forward-looking statements to make decisions, the Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on these statements, as forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties and should not be read as guarantees of future results, performance, achievements, prospects and opportunities. The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position

(In thousands of United States dollars, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 9,568 |  |  | $ | 11,989 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 13,912 |  |  |  | 8,997 |
Inventories |  |  | 13,123 |  |  |  | 15,918 |
Amounts due from joint ventures |  |  | 10,661 |  |  |  | 15,418 |
Other receivables |  |  | 589 |  |  |  | 342 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 841 |  |  |  | 713 |
Prepaid expenses and deposits |  |  | 1,136 |  |  |  | 1,259 |
Total current assets |  |  | 49,830 |  |  |  | 54,636 |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 60,498 |  |  |  | 63,158 |
Investment in joint ventures |  |  | 61,721 |  |  |  | 41,334 |
Notes receivable - joint ventures |  |  | 10,841 |  |  |  | 10,865 |
Deferred tax asset |  |  | 8,885 |  |  |  | 7,999 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 4,387 |  |  |  | 3,582 |
Other assets |  |  | 1,779 |  |  |  | 1,834 |
Total assets |  | $ | 197,941 |  |  | $ | 183,408 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Line of credit |  | $ | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 2,000 |
Trade payables |  |  | 9,849 |  |  |  | 12,653 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 2,377 |  |  |  | 3,423 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 7,037 |  |  |  | 3,017 |
Operating lease liabilities - current |  |  | 1,741 |  |  |  | 875 |
Finance lease liabilities - current |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 61 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 25,044 |  |  |  | 22,029 |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  | 28,354 |  |  |  | 28,966 |
Deferred tax liability |  |  | 1,728 |  |  |  | 1,873 |
Operating lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | 2,746 |  |  |  | 2,690 |
Finance lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 34 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 1,322 |  |  |  | 1,357 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 59,210 |  |  |  | 56,949 |
Commitments and contingencies (note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, no par value per share - unlimited shares authorized; 56,402,418 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 52,656,669 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019. |  |  | 105,829 |  |  |  | 98,333 |
Additional paid in capital |  |  | 5,128 |  |  |  | 4,351 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (547 | ) |  |  | (475 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 28,321 |  |  |  | 24,250 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 138,731 |  |  |  | 126,459 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 197,941 |  |  | $ | 183,408 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Financial Position.

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Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Sales |  | $ | 47,573 |  |  | $ | 41,329 |  |  | $ | 79,685 |  |  | $ | 73,219 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (44,044 | ) |  |  | (44,299 | ) |  |  | (75,391 | ) |  |  | (75,514 | )
Gross margin |  |  | 3,529 |  |  |  | (2,970 | ) |  |  | 4,294 |  |  |  | (2,295 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (3,813 | ) |  |  | (3,949 | ) |  |  | (7,734 | ) |  |  | (8,188 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  | (328 | ) |  |  | (701 | ) |  |  | (857 | ) |  |  | (1,997 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (437 | ) |  |  | (669 | ) |  |  | (974 | ) |  |  | (1,363 | )
Interest income |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 211 |  |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | 347 |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | (396 | ) |  |  | 521 |
Gain on settlement agreement (note 7) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,681 |  |  |  | — |
Other income |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 152 |
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 13,564 |
(Loss) income before taxes and earnings from unconsolidated entities |  |  | (400 | ) |  |  | (7,553 | ) |  |  | (451 | ) |  |  | 741 |
(Provision for) recovery of income taxes |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | 3,284 |  |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | (1,152 | )
Loss (income) from consolidated entities after income taxes |  |  | (469 | ) |  |  | (4,269 | ) |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | (411 | )
Equity earnings from unconsolidated entities |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 7,985 |  |  |  | 3,579 |  |  |  | 10,593 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 3,716 |  |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | 10,182 |
Basic (loss) income per share |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Diluted (loss) income per share |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
Weighted average number of common shares used in the computation of net (loss) income per share (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 56,339 |  |  |  | 48,825 |  |  |  | 54,636 |  |  |  | 48,322 |
Diluted |  |  | 56,339 |  |  |  | 50,712 |  |  |  | 55,756 |  |  |  | 50,159 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 3,716 |  |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | 10,182 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | (72 | ) |  |  | 80 |
Comprehensive (loss) income |  | $ | (64 | ) |  | $ | 3,752 |  |  | $ | 3,999 |  |  | $ | 10,262 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

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Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

(In thousands of United States dollars, except for shares outstanding)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional paid in capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
Balance at April 1, 2020 |  |  | 56,250,419 |  |  | $ | 105,656 |  |  | $ | 4,880 |  |  | $ | (602 | ) |  | $ | 28,440 |  |  | $ | 138,374 |
Shares issued in pubic offering, net of issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (29 | )
Shares issued on exercise of stock options |  |  | 151,999 |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | (80 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 328 |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 55 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (119 | ) |  |  | (119 | )
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 56,402,418 |  |  | $ | 105,829 |  |  | $ | 5,128 |  |  | $ | (547 | ) |  | $ | 28,321 |  |  | $ | 138,731 |

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional paid in capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
Balance at April 1, 2019 |  |  | 47,812,003 |  |  | $ | 61,832 |  |  | $ | 2,568 |  |  | $ | (518 | ) |  | $ | 28,391 |  |  | $ | 92,273 |
Shares issued in pubic offering, net of issuance costs |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  |  | 13,928 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,928 |
Shares issued on exercise of stock options |  |  | 36,783 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 125,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 701 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 701 |
Shares issued on exercise of warrants |  |  | 300,000 |  |  |  | 614 |  |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 466 |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 36 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,716 |  |  |  | 3,716 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 49,273,786 |  |  | $ | 76,435 |  |  | $ | 3,101 |  |  | $ | (482 | ) |  | $ | 32,107 |  |  | $ | 111,161 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional paid in capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  |  | 52,656,669 |  |  | $ | 98,333 |  |  | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | (475 | ) |  | $ | 24,250 |  |  | $ | 126,459 |
Shares issued in pubic offering, net of issuance costs |  |  | 3,593,750 |  |  |  | 7,294 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,294 |
Shares issued on exercise of stock options |  |  | 151,999 |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | (80 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 122 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 857 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 857 |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (72 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (72 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,071 |  |  |  | 4,071 |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 56,402,418 |  |  | $ | 105,829 |  |  | $ | 5,128 |  |  | $ | (547 | ) |  | $ | 28,321 |  |  | $ | 138,731 |

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional paid in capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
Balance at January 1, 2019 |  |  | 47,642,672 |  |  | $ | 60,872 |  |  | $ | 2,198 |  |  | $ | (562 | ) |  | $ | 21,925 |  |  | $ | 84,433 |
Shares issued in pubic offering, net of issuance costs |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  |  | 13,928 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,928 |
Shares issued on exercise of stock options |  |  | 52,782 |  |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 278,332 |  |  |  | 908 |  |  |  | 1,089 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,997 |
Shares issued on exercise of warrants |  |  | 300,000 |  |  |  | 614 |  |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 466 |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,182 |  |  |  | 10,182 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  |  | 49,273,786 |  |  | $ | 76,435 |  |  | $ | 3,101 |  |  | $ | (482 | ) |  | $ | 32,107 |  |  | $ | 111,161 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity.

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Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash flows used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | 10,182 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,021 |  |  |  | 3,766 |
Amortization of deferred charges |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 38 |
Share of income from joint ventures |  |  | (3,579 | ) |  |  | (10,593 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 974 |  |  |  | 1,363 |
Interest income |  |  | (476 | ) |  |  | (347 | )
Interest paid on long-term debt |  |  | (1,018 | ) |  |  | (1,063 | )
Gain on settlement agreement |  |  | (4,681 | ) |  |  | — |
Loss (gain) on disposal of assets |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | (13,564 | )
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | (627 | ) |  |  | (513 | )
Interest paid on finance leases |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  | 857 |  |  |  | 1,997 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (400 | ) |  |  | 1,144 |
Changes in non-cash working capital items |  |  | 3,961 |  |  |  | (1,843 | )
Net cash provided by (used) in operating activities |  |  | 2,145 |  |  |  | (9,437 | )
Cash flows used in investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net of rebate |  |  | (452 | ) |  |  | (730 | )
Advances to joint ventures |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (5,806 | )
Proceeds from sale of asset |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |
Investment in joint ventures |  |  | (11,713 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (12,290 | ) |  |  | (6,489 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Repayments on borrowings |  |  | (2,652 | ) |  |  | (1,709 | )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 7,957 |  |  |  | 13,928 |
Issuance costs |  |  | (663 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 75 |
Payments on capital lease obligations |  |  | (39 | ) |  |  | (48 | )
Proceeds from exercise of warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | 466 |
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 7,725 |  |  |  | 15,712 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (2,421 | ) |  |  | (214 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  |  | 11,989 |  |  |  | 11,920 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 9,568 |  |  | $ | 11,706 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Interim Statements of Cash Flows.

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

1 | NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Village Farms International, Inc. (“VFF” the parent company, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) is incorporated under the Canada Business Corporation Act. VFF’s principal operating subsidiaries as of June 30, 2020 are Village Farms Canada Limited Partnership (“VFCLP”), Village Farms, L.P. (“VFLP”), and VF Clean Energy, Inc. (“VFCE”). The address of the registered office of VFF is 4700 80th Street, Delta, British Columbia, Canada, V4K 3N3. VFF owns a 65% equity interest in Village Fields Hemp USA LLC (“VF Hemp”) and a 58.7% equity interest in Pure Sunfarms Corp. (“Pure Sunfarms”), both of which are recorded as Investments in Joint Ventures (note 7).

The Company’s shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol VFF and are also listed in the United States on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol VFF.

The Company owns and operates sophisticated, highly intensive agricultural greenhouse facilities in British Columbia and Texas, where it produces, markets and sells premium-quality tomatoes, bell peppers, and cucumbers. The Company, through its subsidiary VFCE, owns and operates a 7.0 MW power plant that generates electricity. The Company’s joint venture, Pure Sunfarms, is a licensed producer and supplier of cannabis products to be sold to other licensed providers and provincial governments across Canada and internationally. The Company’s joint ventures, VF Hemp and AVGG Hemp, are cultivators of high cannabidiol (“CBD”) hemp in multiple states throughout the United States.

Coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”)

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus a global pandemic. This outbreak continues to cause major disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide as the virus continues to spread. A number of countries as well as certain states and cities within the United States and Canada have enacted temporary closures of businesses, issued quarantine or shelter-in-place orders and taken other restrictive measures in response to COVID-19.

To date, all of the Company’s operations are operating normally, however, the extent to which COVID-19 and the related global economic crisis affect the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and any recovery period, future actions taken by governmental authorities, central banks and other third parties (including new financial regulation and other regulatory reform) in response to the pandemic, and the effects on our produce, clients, vendors and employees. Village Farms continues to service its customers amid uncertainty and disruption linked to COVID-19 and is actively managing its business to respond to the impact.

2 | BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. They do not include all information and notes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 are subject to seasonal variations and accordingly are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Other than as described below, there were no changes to our significant accounting policies described in our annual financial statements that had a material impact on our financial statements and related notes.

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

3 | NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)—Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” ASU 2018-13 removes the disclosure requirement for the amount and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements as well as the process for Level 3 fair value measurements. In addition, the ASU adds the disclosure requirements for changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period as well as the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses.” The standard, including subsequently issued amendments, requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis, such as accounts receivable and certain other financial assets, to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

4 | INVENTORIES

Inventories, consisting of crop inventory, purchased produce inventory and spare parts inventory are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost method. Costs included in crop inventory include but are not limited to raw material, packaging, direct labor, overhead, and the depreciation of growing equipment and facilities determined at normal capacity. These costs are expensed as cost of sales when the crops are sold.

Inventories consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Classification |  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Crop inventory |  | $ | 12,103 |  |  | $ | 15,281 |
Purchased produce inventory |  |  | 916 |  |  |  | 530 |
Spare parts inventory |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 107 |
Inventories |  | $ | 13,123 |  |  | $ | 15,918 |

5 | PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is allocated between cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses depending on the type of asset and is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining life of the lease or useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter. Maintenance and repairs are charged to cost of sales when incurred. Significant expenditures, which extend the useful lives of assets, are capitalized. Land is not depreciated. The estimated useful lives of the class of assets for the current and comparative periods are as follows:

Classification |  | Estimated Useful Lives
Leasehold and land improvements |  | 5-20 years
Greenhouses and other buildings |  | 4-30 years
Greenhouse equipment |  | 3-30 years
Machinery and equipment |  | 3-12 years

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Construction in process reflects the cost of assets under construction, which are not depreciated until placed into service.

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

Classification |  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Land |  | $ | 3,204 |  |  | $ | 3,204 |
Leasehold and land improvements |  |  | 3,820 |  |  |  | 3,820 |
Greenhouses and other buildings |  |  | 72,870 |  |  |  | 72,772 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 61,841 |  |  |  | 61,871 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 1,787 |  |  |  | 1,697 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (83,024 | ) |  |  | (80,206 | )
Property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 60,498 |  |  | $ | 63,158 |

6 | LEASES

On August 7, 2019, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement for office space located in Lake Mary, Florida. The lease commenced on January 1, 2020 and has a lease term of 88 months with an option to extend for five years. The base rent for the lease will be adjusted annually by multiplying the base rent by 1.025. The initial lease liability was calculated as the present value of the lease payments using an incremental borrowing rate of 4.98%. The right-of-use asset was calculated as the initial amount of the lease liability, plus any lease payments made before lease commencement, plus initial direct costs, less any lease incentives. The lease liability and the right-of-use asset are recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position.

The components of lease related expenses are as follows:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Operating lease expense (a) |  | $ | 508 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | 1,174 |
Finance lease expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 40 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 5 |
Total finance lease expense |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 45 |

(a) | Includes short-term lease costs of $302 and $317 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and $502 and $628 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  | $ | 513 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Finance cash flows from finance leases |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 48 |

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

|  | June 30, 2020 |
Weighted average remaining lease term: |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 4.6 |
Finance leases |  |  | 1.5 |
Weighted average discount rate: |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 5.78 | %
Finance leases |  |  | 6.25 | %

Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:

|  | Operating leases |  |  | Finance leases |
Remainder of 2020 |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | 23 |
2021 |  |  | 1,305 |  |  |  | 30 |
2022 |  |  | 1,090 |  |  |  | 9 |
2023 |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | — |
2024 |  |  | 512 |  |  |  | — |
Thereafter |  |  | 691 |  |  |  | — |
Undiscounted lease cash flow commitments |  |  | 5,098 |  |  |  | 62 |
Reconciling impact from discounting |  |  | (611 | ) |  |  | (6 | )
Lease liabilities on consolidated statement of financial position as of June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 4,487 |  |  | $ | 56 |

7 | INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURES

Summarized Equity Earnings (Losses) from Unconsolidated Entities

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Pure Sunfarms |  | $ | 463 |  |  | $ | 8,105 |  |  | $ | 3,994 |  |  | $ | 10,747 |
VF Hemp |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  | (104 | ) |  |  | (415 | ) |  |  | (133 | )
AVGG Hemp |  |  | — |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (21 | )
Total |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 7,985 |  |  | $ | 3,579 |  |  | $ | 10,593 |

Pure Sunfarms Corp.

On June 6, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to form Pure Sunfarms, a B.C. corporation, with Emerald Health Therapeutics Inc. (“Emerald”). The purpose of Pure Sunfarms is to produce, market and distribute cannabis in Canada.

The Company accounts for its investment in Pure Sunfarms, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 323, Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323”), using the equity method. The Company has determined that Pure Sunfarms is a variable interest entity (“VIE”), however the Company does not consolidate Pure Sunfarms because the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Although the Company is able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Pure Sunfarms through its 58.7% majority ownership interest, the Company shares joint control of the Board of Directors and therefore is not the primary beneficiary. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with Pure Sunfarms as of June 30, 2020 relates primarily to the Company’s investment of $61,721 and the recovery of the outstanding loan to Pure Sunfarms of $10,661.

The Company is required to apply the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method to determine its allocation of the profits and losses in Pure Sunfarms. When determining its allocation of profits and losses, the HLBV method only considers shares that have been fully paid for. Therefore, due to the monthly escrow payments made by Emerald in 2019 in accordance with the Delta 2 Option and Escrow Agreements, the ownership changed each month in 2019 as escrow payment(s) were made.

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Under the hypothetical liquidation method, the Company received 58.7% and 62.3% of Pure Sunfarms’ earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company received 57.5% and 61.7% of Pure Sunfarms’ earnings, respectively.

On March 31, 2019, Pure Sunfarms exercised its option to utilize the Delta 2 assets and operations. The contribution of the assets has been accounted for as a disposal of the land, greenhouse facility and other assets in exchange for 25,000,000 common shares of Pure Sunfarms. This was a non-cash transaction, and it was estimated that the fair value of the land, building and other assets was $18.7 million (CA$25 million) at the date of contribution. The Company recognized a gain of $13.6 million on the contribution of the fixed assets.

On March 2, 2020, pursuant to the settlement agreement with Emerald (the “Settlement Agreement”), Emerald transferred to the Company 2.5% of additional equity in Pure Sunfarms. The Company determined the fair value of the equity received from Emerald to be CA$6.5 million (US$4.7 million). The Company recorded this amount as a gain on settlement agreement in the condensed consolidated statement of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the total investment in Pure Sunfarms of $61.7 million and $41.3 million, respectively, was recorded in the consolidated statements of financial position.

The Company’s share of the joint venture consists of the following:

Balance, January 1, 2019 |  | $ | 6,341 |
Investments in joint venture |  |  | 18,717 |
Share of net income for the year |  |  | 16,276 |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 41,334 |

Balance, January 1, 2020 |  | $ | 41,334 |
Investments in joint venture |  |  | 16,393 |
Share of net income for the period |  |  | 3,994 |
Balance, June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 61,721 |

Summarized financial information of Pure Sunfarms:

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 6,472 |  |  | $ | 7,356 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 10,934 |  |  |  | 8,687 |
Inventory |  |  | 36,000 |  |  |  | 21,745 |
Other current assets |  |  | 5,950 |  |  |  | 6,964 |
Non-current assets |  |  | 112,167 |  |  |  | 108,652 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  |  | (10,291 | ) |  |  | (4,938 | )
Borrowings due to joint ventures |  |  | (10,703 | ) |  |  | (26,413 | )
Income taxes payable |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,489 | )
Borrowings – current |  |  | (1,798 | ) |  |  | (1,423 | )
Other current liabilities |  |  | (8,765 | ) |  |  | (5,021 | )
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings – long term |  |  | (20,431 | ) |  |  | (13,089 | )
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (13,068 | ) |  |  | (2,473 | )
Net assets |  | $ | 106,467 |  |  | $ | 91,558 |
Reconciliation of net assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated retained earnings |  | $ | 33,635 |  |  | $ | 26,679 |
Contributions from joint venture partners |  |  | 75,738 |  |  |  | 63,481 |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  | (2,906 | ) |  |  | 1,398 |
Net assets |  | $ | 106,467 |  |  |  | 91,558 |

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Revenue |  | $ | 9,386 |  |  | $ | 24,244 |  |  | $ | 22,523 |  |  | $ | 35,045 |
Cost of sales* |  |  | (6,266 | ) |  |  | (3,956 | ) |  |  | (12,524 | ) |  |  | (7,774 | )
Gross Margin |  |  | 3,120 |  |  |  | 20,288 |  |  |  | 9,999 |  |  |  | 27,271 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (1,850 | ) |  |  | (1,786 | ) |  |  | (4,284 | ) |  |  | (2,785 | )
Income from operations |  |  | 1,270 |  |  |  | 18,502 |  |  |  | 5,715 |  |  |  | 24,486 |
Interest expense |  |  | (131 | ) |  |  | (293 | ) |  |  | (348 | ) |  |  | (293 | )
Foreign exchange (loss) gain |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (151 | ) |  |  | 14 |
Other income, net** |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4,333 |  |  |  | 13 |
Income before taxes |  |  | 1,168 |  |  |  | 18,188 |  |  |  | 9,549 |  |  |  | 24,220 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (379 | ) |  |  | (5,169 | ) |  |  | (2,595 | ) |  |  | (6,798 | )
Net Income |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 13,019 |  |  | $ | 6,954 |  |  | $ | 17,422 |

* | Included in cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is $563 and $387, and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is $1,012 and $845 respectively, of depreciation expense.

** | Includes gain recognized on settlement of net liabilities of $4,348.

Village Fields Hemp USA LLC

On February 27, 2019, the Company entered into a joint venture with Nature Crisp, LLC (“Nature Crisp”) to form VF Hemp for the objective of outdoor cultivation of high percentage cannabidiol (“CBD”) hemp and CBD extraction in multiple states throughout the United States. VF Hemp is 65% owned by the Company and 35% owned by Nature Crisp. Under the terms of the VF Hemp Joint Venture Agreement, the Company will lend up to approximately US$15 million to VF Hemp for start-up costs and working capital.

The Company accounts for its investment in VF Hemp, in accordance with ASC 323, using the equity method because the Company is able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of VF Hemp through its 65% ownership interest and joint power arrangement with Nature Crisp. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with VF Hemp is directly related to the recovery of the $10,841 loan outstanding to VF Hemp.

The Company’s share of the joint venture consists of the following:

Balance, beginning of the period |  | $ | — |
Investments in joint venture |  |  | 7 |
Share of net loss |  |  | (2,464 | )
Losses applied against joint venture note receivable |  |  | 2,457 |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  | $ | — |
Balance, beginning of the period |  | $ | — |
Investments in joint venture |  |  | — |
Share of net loss |  |  | (415 | )
Losses applied against joint venture note receivable |  |  | 415 |
Balance, June 30, 2020 |  | $ | — |

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Summarized financial information of VF Hemp:

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory |  | $ | 9,268 |  |  | $ | 9,308 |
Other current assets |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | 546 |
Non-current assets |  |  | 1,336 |  |  |  | 1,476 |
Current liabilities |  |  | (1,642 | ) |  |  | (1,788 | )
Non-current liabilities |  |  | (13,697 | ) |  |  | (13,323 | )
Net assets |  | $ | (4,421 | ) |  | $ | (3,781 | )
Reconciliation of net assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated retained earnings |  | $ | (3,791 | ) |  | $ | (3,791 | )
Net loss for the six months ended June 30, 2020 |  |  | (640 | ) |  |  | — |
Contributions from joint venture partners |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10 |
Net assets |  | $ | (4,421 | ) |  | $ | (3,781 | )

8 | DEBT

At June 30, 2020 the Company had a Term Loan financing agreement with a Canadian creditor (“FCC Loan”). The non-revolving variable rate term loan has a maturity date of April 1, 2025 and a balance of $29,766 as of June 30, 2020. The outstanding balance is repayable by way of monthly installments of principal and interest, with the balance and any accrued interest to be paid in full on April 1, 2025. Effective August 1, 2020, monthly principal payments are reduced to $164 from $257. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, borrowings under the FCC Loan agreement were subject to an interest rate of 4.68% and 6.391%, respectively.

The Company’s subsidiary VFCE has a loan agreement with a Canadian Chartered Bank that includes a non-revolving fixed rate loan of CA$3.0 million with a maturity date of June 2023 and fixed interest rate of 4.98%. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the balance was US$882 and US$1,066, respectively. The loan agreement also includes an uncommitted, non-revolving credit facility for up to CA$300 to cover Letters of Guarantee issued by the bank on behalf of the Company, with a maximum term of 365 days, renewable annually. The loan agreement also includes an uncommitted credit facility for up to CA$700 to support financing of certain capital expenditures. The Company received an initial advance of CA$250 in October 2017. Each advance is to be repaid on a five-year, straight-line amortization of principal, repaid in monthly installments of principal plus interest at an interest rate of CA$ prime rate plus 200 basis points. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the balance was US$83 and US$106, respectively.

The weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was 4.7% and 6.2%, respectively.

The Company has a line of credit agreement with a Canadian Chartered Bank (“Operating Loan”). The revolving Operating Loan has a line of credit up to CA$13,000, less outstanding letters of credit totaling US$150 and CA$38, and variable interest rates with a maturity date on May 31, 2021. The Operating Loan is subject to margin requirements stipulated by the bank. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the amount drawn on this facility was US$4,000 and US$2,000, respectively.

The Company’s borrowings (“Credit Facilities”) are subject to certain positive and negative covenants, including debt ratios, and the Company is required to maintain certain minimum working capital. In December 2019, the Company received a waiver for its annual debt service coverage and debt to EBITDA covenants under its Term Loan. The Company amended the terms of its covenants with respect to its term loan in August, effective June 30, 2020, applicable to its annual fiscal year end December 31, 2020. As of June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all of its other Credit Facility covenants under its Credit Facilities.

Accrued interest payable on the credit facilities and loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $111 and $162, respectively, and these amounts are included in accrued liabilities in the interim statements of financial position.

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

As collateral for the FCC Loan, the Company has provided promissory notes, a first mortgage on the VFF-owned greenhouse properties (excluding the Delta 3 and Delta 2 greenhouse facilities), and general security agreements over its assets. In addition, the Company has provided full recourse guarantees and has granted security therein. The carrying value of the assets and securities pledged as collateral as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $168,378 and 155,548, respectively.

As collateral for the Operating Loan, the Company has provided promissory notes and a first priority security interest over its accounts receivable and inventory. In addition, the Company has granted full recourse guarantees and security therein. The carrying value of the assets pledged as collateral as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $27,035 and $24,915, respectively.

The aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

Remainder of 2020 |  | $ | 1,307 |
2021 |  |  | 2,418 |
2022 |  |  | 2,406 |
2023 |  |  | 2,219 |
2024 |  |  | 2,059 |
Thereafter |  |  | 21,795 |
|  | $ | 32,204 |

9 | FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company records accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and debt at amortized cost. The carrying values of these instruments approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities.

10 | RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES

On July 5, 2018, the Company entered into a Shareholder Loan Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Pure Sunfarms, whereby, as of June 30, 2020, the Company had contributed $9,959 (CA$13,000) in the form of a demand loan to Pure Sunfarms. As of June 30, 2020, the loan amount bears simple interest at the rate of 3.95% per annum, calculated semi-annually. Interest will accrue and be payable upon demand. The balance of the loan, including interest, was $10,522 as of June 30, 2020.

On February 13, 2019, the Company announced that Pure Sunfarms had entered into a credit agreement with Bank of Montreal, as agent and lead lender, and Farm Credit Canada, as lender, in respect of a CA$20 million secured non-revolver term loan “Credit Facility”). In April 2020, Pure Sunfarms expanded its Credit Facility to CA$59.0 million, including accordion provisions of CA$22.5 million. As a pre-condition to complete the debt facility, the Company made an additional contribution of CA$8.0 (US$5.7) million in Pure Sunfarms, further increasing its majority ownership of Pure Sunfarms to 58.7% from 57.4%. Each component of the Credit Facility matures on February 7, 2022, is secured by the Delta 3 facility, and contains customary financial and restrictive covenants. The Company is not a party to the Credit Facility but has provided a limited guarantee in the amount of CA$10 million in connection with the Credit Facility.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had $139 due from its joint venture, Pure Sunfarms, primarily for consulting services and the reimbursement of expenses which mainly occurred in the year. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $4,610 due from Pure Sunfarms, primarily relating to an equity contribution of CA$5,940 (US$4,494) to Pure Sunfarms made by the Company, on November 19, 2019 when Emerald failed to make a required escrow equity payment to Pure Sunfarms on November 1, 2019. Emerald disputed the Company’s additional November equity contribution, as well as the cancellation of 5.94 million common shares of Pure Sunfarms that related to the failure to pay the CA$5,940 equity contribution. In an effort to narrow the issues in dispute and accelerate the resolution of this shareholder dispute, which occurred on March 2, 2020 with the Settlement Agreement, Village Farms unwound its November equity contribution in January with Pure Sunfarms providing Village Farms with a CA$5,940 (US$4,554) refund.

On March 25, 2019, the Company entered into a Grid Loan Agreement (the “Grid Loan”) with VF Hemp. The Grid Loan has a maturity date of March 25, 2022 and bears simple interest at the rate of 8% per annum, calculated monthly. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019 the Grid Loan balance was $10,841 and $10,865, respectively.

One of the Company’s employees is related to a member of the Company’s executive management team and received approximately $55 and $56 in salary and benefits during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company advanced $20 to an employee in connection with a relocation at the request of the Company. As of June 30, 2020, this amount was included in other assets on the condensed consolidated interim statement of financial position.

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Summary of amounts due from the joint ventures, including interest and included in the interim statements of financial position:

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Pure Sunfarms |  | $ | 10,661 |  |  | $ | 15,418 |
VF Hemp |  |  | 10,841 |  |  |  | 10,865 |
Total |  | $ | 21,502 |  |  | $ | 26,283 |

11 | INCOME TAXES

A provision for income taxes is recognized based on management’s best estimate of the weighted average annual income tax rate expected for the full financial year. The estimated average annual rate used for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 was 24%.

The recovery for income taxes was $943 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to provision for income taxes of ($1,152) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The income tax provision for June 30, 2019 includes deferred tax liabilities arising from the contribution of the Delta 2 assets to Pure Sunfarms.

12 | SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Segment reporting is prepared on the same basis that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, manages the business, makes operating decisions and assesses performance. Management has determined that the Company operates in three segments. The Company’s three segments include the Produce business, the Energy business and the Company’s cannabis and hemp segment. The Produce business produces, markets, and sells the product group which consists of premium quality tomatoes, bell peppers and cucumbers. The Energy business produces power that it sells per a long-term contract to its one customer. For segment information regarding the Company’s cannabis and hemp segment refer to Note 7 – Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures.

The Company’s primary operations are in the United States and Canada. Segment information for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Produce – U.S. |  | $ | 40,281 |  |  | $ | 33,661 |  |  | $ | 69,596 |  |  | $ | 61,860 |
Produce – Canada |  |  | 7,174 |  |  |  | 7,423 |  |  |  | 9,821 |  |  |  | 10,802 |
Energy – Canada |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | 557 |
|  | $ | 47,573 |  |  | $ | 41,329 |  |  | $ | 79,685 |  |  | $ | 73,219 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Produce – U.S. |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 65 |
Produce – Canada |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | 933 |  |  |  | 1,261 |
Energy – Canada |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 37 |
|  | $ | 437 |  |  | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 1,363 |
Interest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | 347 |
|  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | 347 |
Depreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Produce – U.S. |  | $ | 1,040 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |  |  | $ | 2,086 |  |  | $ | 2,025 |
Produce – Canada |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | 599 |  |  |  | 747 |
Energy – Canada |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | 227 |  |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 455 |
|  | $ | 1,491 |  |  | $ | 1,560 |  |  | $ | 3,021 |  |  | $ | 3,227 |
Gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Produce – U.S. |  | $ | (99 | ) |  | $ | (5,441 | ) |  | $ | 1,218 |  |  | $ | (4,736 | )
Produce – Canada |  |  | 3,822 |  |  |  | 2,678 |  |  |  | 3,448 |  |  |  | 2,738 |
Energy – Canada |  |  | (194 | ) |  |  | (207 | ) |  |  | (372 | ) |  |  | (297 | )
|  | $ | 3,529 |  |  | $ | (2,970 | ) |  | $ | 4,294 |  |  | $ | (2,295 | )

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|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 89,716 |  |  | $ | 88,395 |
Canada |  |  | 105,697 |  |  |  | 92,067 |
Energy – Canada |  |  | 2,528 |  |  |  | 2,946 |
|  | $ | 197,941 |  |  | $ | 183,408 |

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 39,488 |  |  | $ | 41,656 |
Canada |  |  | 18,669 |  |  |  | 18,759 |
Energy – Canada |  |  | 2,341 |  |  |  | 2,743 |
|  | $ | 60,498 |  |  | $ | 63,158 |

13 | INCOME PER SHARE

Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share is calculated as follows:

|  | Three months ended June 30, |  |  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 3,716 |  |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | 10,182 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average number of common shares - Basic |  |  | 56,339 |  |  |  | 48,825 |  |  |  | 54,636 |  |  |  | 48,322 |
Effect of dilutive securities- share-based employee options and awards |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,887 |  |  |  | 1,120 |  |  |  | 1,837 |
Weighted average number of common shares - Diluted |  |  | 56,339 |  |  |  | 50,712 |  |  |  | 55,756 |  |  |  | 50,159 |
Antidilutive options and awards |  |  | 2,479 |  |  |  | 2,612 |  |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | 310 |
Net (loss) income per ordinary share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |

14 | SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLAN

Share-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was $328 and $857, and $701 and $1,997 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively.

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VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is as follows:

|  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 2,452,666 |  |  | CA$ | 5.12 |  |  |  | 5.60 |  |  | $ | 11,435 |
Granted |  |  | 200,000 |  |  | CA$ | 7.29 |  |  |  | 9.92 |  |  | $ | — |
Exercised |  |  | (141,999 | ) |  | CA$ | 1.27 |  |  |  | 1.74 |  |  | $ | — |
Forfeited |  |  | (31,667 | ) |  | CA$ | 5.94 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Outstanding at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 2,479,000 |  |  | CA$ | 5.51 |  |  |  | 5.69 |  |  | $ | 7,497 |
Exercisable at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 1,861,338 |  |  | CA$ | 3.51 |  |  |  | 4.62 |  |  | $ | 7,426 |

Performance-based shares activity for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was as follows:

|  | Number of Performance-based Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 739,000 |  |  | CA$ | 7.92 |
Granted |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | CA$ | 7.16 |
Received |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  | CA$ | 7.16 |
Forfeited/expired |  |  | (54,000 | ) |  | CA$ | 8.09 |
Outstanding at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 685,000 |  |  | CA$ | 7.91 |
Exercisable at June 30, 2020 |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | CA$ | 12.87 |

15 | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries may become defendants in certain employment claims and other litigation. The Company records a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. The Company is not involved in any legal proceedings other than routine litigation arising in the normal course of business, none of which the Company believes will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and related notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report and the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The June 30, 2019 figures are based on the Company’s recently restated U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) results filed on Form 8-K on April 22, 2020 and not the Company’s financial statements, prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 – Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, filed in August 2019. This discussion and analysis contain forward-looking statements about our plans and expectations of what may happen in the future. Forward-looking statements are based on a number of assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated by our forward-looking statements, particularly in light of the ongoing and developing COVID-19 pandemic. See “Forward-Looking Statements”.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Through our majority ownership position in our joint venture, the British Columbia-based Pure Sunfarms Corp. (“PSF” or “Pure Sunfarms”), we have one of the single largest cannabis growing operations in the world. We are also one of the largest and longest-operating vertically integrated greenhouse growers in North America and the only publicly traded greenhouse produce company in Canada. Further, we have joint venture operations in hemp and high cannabidiol (“CBD”) products.

Pure Sunfarms leverages our 30 years of experience as a vertically integrated greenhouse grower for the rapidly emerging cannabis opportunity following legalization of cannabis in Canada. Pure Sunfarms is currently one of the largest producers of cannabis in Canada with distribution in five of the provinces. Its long-term objective is to be the leading low cost, high quality cannabis producer in Canada. In our greenhouse operations, we produce and distribute fresh, premium-quality produce with consistency 365 days a year to national grocers in the U.S. and Canada from more than nine million square feet of Controlled Environment Agriculture (“CEA”) greenhouses in British Columbia and Texas, as well as from our partner greenhouses in British Columbia, Ontario and Mexico. We are also pursuing opportunities to become a vertically integrated leader in the U.S. hemp-derived CBD market, subject to compliance with all applicable U.S. federal and state laws. We have established two joint ventures, Village Fields Hemp USA, LLC (“VF Hemp” or “VFH”), and Arkansas Valley Green and Gold Hemp LLC (“AVGG Hemp”), for multi-state outdoor hemp cultivation and CBD extraction and plans to pursue controlled environment hemp production at our Texas greenhouse operations, which total 5.7 million square feet of production area, subject to legalization of hemp in Texas. Our subsidiary VF Clean Energy, Inc. (“VFCE”), owns and operates a 7.0 MW power plant that generates electricity.

Recent developments relating to the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”)

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus a global pandemic. This outbreak continues to cause major disruptions to businesses and markets worldwide as the virus continues to spread. A number of countries as well as certain states and cities within the United States and Canada have enacted temporary closures of businesses, issued quarantine or shelter-in-place orders and taken other restrictive measures in response to COVID-19.

To date, all of our operations are operating normally, however, the extent to which COVID-19 and the related global economic crisis affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and any recovery period, future actions taken by governmental authorities, central banks and other third parties (including new financial regulation and other regulatory reform) in response to the pandemic, and the effects on our produce, clients, vendors and employees. We continue to service our customers amid uncertainty and disruption linked to COVID-19 and we are actively managing our business to respond to the impact.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Financial Performance

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)

|  | For the three months ended June 30, |  |  | For the six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Sales |  | $ | 47,573 |  |  | $ | 41,329 |  |  | $ | 79,685 |  |  | $ | 73,219 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (44,044 | ) |  |  | (44,299 | ) |  |  | (75,391 | ) |  |  | (75,514 | )
Gross margin |  |  | 3,529 |  |  |  | (2,970 | ) |  |  | 4,294 |  |  |  | (2,295 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (3,813 | ) |  |  | (3,949 | ) |  |  | (7,734 | ) |  |  | (8,188 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | (328 | ) |  |  | (701 | ) |  |  | (857 | ) |  |  | (1,997 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (437 | ) |  |  | (669 | ) |  |  | (974 | ) |  |  | (1,363 | )
Interest income |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 211 |  |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | 347 |
Foreign exchange gain (loss) |  |  | 530 |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | (396 | ) |  |  | 521 |
Gain on settlement agreement |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,681 |  |  |  | — |
Other income, net |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 152 |
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 13,564 |
(Provision for) recovery of income taxes |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | 3,284 |  |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | (1,152 | )
Net (loss) income from consolidated entities |  |  | (469 | ) |  |  | (4,269 | ) |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | (411 | )
Equity earnings of unconsolidated entities |  |  | 350 |  |  |  | 7,985 |  |  |  | 3,579 |  |  |  | 10,593 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 3,716 |  |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | 10,182 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) |  | $ | 2,268 |  |  | $ | 4,644 |  |  | $ | 3,364 |  |  | $ | 5,990 |
Earnings per share - basic |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Earnings per share – diluted |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |

(1) | Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized earnings measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for a definition and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the nearest comparable measurement under GAAP. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company. Adjusted EBITDA includes the Company’s majority non-controlling interest in Pure Sunfarms and 65% interest in VFH.

JV Cannabis Business – Pure Sunfarms

Set forth below are the operating results of PSF, before any allocation to Village Farms, which are not consolidated in our financial results, in accordance with GAAP. A discussion of our consolidated results, including our Produce Segment, is included further below.

For the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Sales

Sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $9,386 and $24,244, respectively, a decrease of (61.3%). The decrease was a result of lower 2020 average selling price for the three months ended June 30, 2020 versus the three months ended June 30, 2019 at which time all of Pure Sunfarms’ sales were solely through the wholesale channel during a period of elevated market pricing.

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, 56% of kilograms sold (flower) were to provincial boards, with the remaining 44% of kilograms sold (flower and trim) being through the wholesale channel, including nonmonetary transactions with extraction licensed producers in which Pure Sunfarms sold extraction grade dried flower and trim and purchased various forms of distillate from the same counterparties, which will be Pure Sunfarms in future cannabis 2.0 product launches.

The net average selling price for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was lower than the net average selling price for the three months ended March 31, 2020 by (48.6%). Kilograms sold to provincial boards for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased 89% over sales to provincial boards in the first quarter of 2020. Wholesale kilograms sold decreased (39%) in the second quarter for 2020 versus the first quarter of 2020. Total kilogram volume sold for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was consistent with the kilograms sold in the first quarter.

Net sales, and hence net average selling price, for three months ended June 30, 2020 was impacted by price adjustments, cash discounts and increased co-op allowances on small format and pre-roll SKUs in order to continue Pure Sunfarms market leading value priced SKUs, in part due to the success of the Pure Sunfarms large format SKUs. Additionally, an increase in the provision for returns was taken on various strains with a single provincial board that Pure Sunfarms has agreed to accept, and which Pure Sunfarms will utilize of its future cannabis 2.0 products.

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Cost of Goods

Cost of goods sold for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $6,266 and $3,956, respectively, an increase of 58.4%. The total cost increase is driven by an increase in retail sales and a period over period increase in grams sold. The all-in cost of grams sold in the second quarter of 2020 was $0.61 per gram (CA$0.84), versus $0.49 per gram (CA$0.65) in the second quarter of 2019. The higher cost in 2020 was primarily driven by additional packaging and logistics costs incurred for retail sales versus all sales were made to wholesale channel in 2019.

Costs per gram sold for the three months ended June 30, 2020 were lower than costs per gram sold in the first quarter of 2020, by 5%, even with the significant increase in retail sales quarter over quarter, which is a reflection of the increase in large format SKUs in the product mix and continued low cost of cultivation.

Gross Margin

Gross margin for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was 33.2% versus 83.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The reduction was due to the lower price environment in 2020 versus 2019 and the change in mix to retail sales in 2020 versus all wholesale sales in the second quarter of 2019. Retail sales involve incremental packaging and logistics costs over bulk wholesale sales.

The gross margin of 33.2% in the second quarter is lower than the 52.2% in the first quarter of 2020 due to a lower pricing environment in the second quarter of 2020 versus the first quarter of 2020 in both the retail and wholesale channels as well as the price adjustments, cash discounts, increased co-op allowances and an increase in the return provision in the second quarter of 2020.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1,850 and $1,786, respectively, an increase of 3.6%. The increase is primarily due to regulatory fees for Health Canada and an increase in staffing. The second quarter 2020 selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by (24.0%) versus the first quarter of 2020 due to a reduction in branding and marketing costs due to decreased retail marketing activity as a result of Covid 19 as well as a one-off wage subsidy that was recognized in the second quarter as a result of a federal Covid 19 program.

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $789 and $13,019, respectively, a decrease of (93.9%). The decrease was primarily due to the decrease in sales driven by lower market pricing year over year.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1,833 and $18,893, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to lower selling prices for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same prior year period.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Sales

Sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $22,523 and $35,045, respectively, a decrease of (35.7%). The decrease was the result of a higher average selling price for the six months ended June 30, 2019 when all of Pure Sunfarms’ sales were being made through its wholesale channel during a period of elevated market pricing. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, 43% of kilograms sold (flower) were to provincial boards, with the remaining 57% of kilograms sold (flower and trim) being through the Wholesale channel, including nonmonetary transactions with extraction licensed producers in which Pure Sunfarms sold extraction grade dried flower and trim and purchased various forms of distillate from the same counterparties, which will be Pure Sunfarms in future Cannabis 2.0 product launches. Net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was impacted by continued lower retail pricing, a second quarter price adjustment to various pre-roll and small format SKUs, cash discounts, increased co-op allowances as well as an increase in its sales return provision for the return of products from a single provincial board that Pure Sunfarms has agreed to accept, which will be repurposed for cannabis 2.0 products.

Cost of Goods

Cost of goods sold for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $12,524 and $7,774, respectively, an increase of 61.1%. The cost increase was driven by a period over period increase in grams sold of 62.4% and a transition to higher costing provincial retail sales products. The cost of grams sold for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was $0.61 per gram (CA$0.83), consistent with $0.62 per gram (CA$0.82) for the first six months ended June 30, 2019.

Gross Margin

Gross margin percentage for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was 44.4% versus the prior year six month gross margin percentage of 77.8%. The decrease was due to the substantive year over year decrease in pricing as well as the increase in year over year provincial (retail) sales which come with incremental packaging and logistics costs over and above bulk wholesale products.

Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $4,284 and $2,785, respectively, an increase of 53.8%. The increase is primarily due to higher regulatory fees to Health Canada, which are a based on provincial kilograms sold and incremental year on year costs for marketing and staffing as a direct result of the provincial retail sales in 2020, as Pure Sunfarms did not have its provincial sales license in the first six months of 2019.

Other Income

PSF recognized a gain on settlement of net liabilities of $4,348 in the first quarter of 2020 as an outcome of the March 2, 2020 Settlement Agreement between PSF, Emerald Health and the Company. This gain is PSF’s forgiveness of the shareholder loan and accrued interest owed by Emerald offset by the extinguishment of the Supply Agreement and any amounts receivable under it, which included an CA$606 receivable from Emerald for sales made in the first quarter of 2020 and CA$8.1 million for sales made in 2019.

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Net Income

Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $6,954 and $17,422, respectively, a decrease of 60.1%. The decrease was primarily due to the $12,522 decrease in sales as a result of lower market pricing in 2020.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the one-off gain on settlement of net liabilities, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $6,702 and $25,344, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to lower selling prices and higher selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same prior year period.

Consolidated Line Item Results

Three months ended June 30, 2020 Compared to Three months ended June 30, 2019

Sales

Sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased $6,244, or 15.1%, to $47,573 compared to $41,329 for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in sales is primarily due to higher selling prices for tomatoes during the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same prior year period. The average net selling price for all tomato pounds sold increased 39% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019 generated primarily from our commodity items, which includes beefsteak tomatoes and tomatoes on the vine (“TOVs”). The increase in net selling price in the commodity items was primarily due to a supply shortage throughout most of the first half of 2020, as well as increased grocery store traffic as a direct result of the Coronavirus. Pepper prices increased 28% and pepper pounds increased 44% when compared to the same prior year period. Cucumber prices decreased (2%) and cucumber pieces sold decreased (19%) for the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased ($255), or less than (1%), to $44,044 from $44,299 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 due to a higher cost per pound resulting from fewer pounds sold.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased ($136), or (3.4%), to $3,813 from $3,949 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 as a result of lower produce marketing activities.

Share-based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $328 compared to $701 for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in share-based compensation expense is primarily due to the vesting of performance shares earned related to developments in Pure Sunfarms in 2019.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased ($232) to $437 from $669 for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease is due to lower interest rates as well as lower debt balances.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $93 and $211, respectively. Interest is no longer being accrued for the VFH grid loan.

Equity Earnings from Unconsolidated Entities

Equity earnings from our unconsolidated entities decreased ($7,635), or (95.6%) to $350 for the three months ended June 30, 2020, from $7,985 for the prior year period. The decrease is primarily due to a period over period decrease in Pure Sunfarms’ sales of ($14,858) due to market driven price reductions and our share of VF Hemp second quarter losses of ($113). For information regarding the results of operations from our joint ventures, refer to “JV Cannabis Business” above and “Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Results to Proportionate Results” below.

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Income Tax (Provision) Recovery

For the three months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded an income tax provision of ($69) compared to an income tax recovery of $3,284 for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The difference is primarily due to the increase in sales. Pure Sunfarms and VF Hemp are both reported post-tax and therefore do not factor into our tax calculation.

Net (Loss) Income

Net (loss) income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was ($119) and $3,716, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to the decrease of ($7,635) in our equity earnings from our unconsolidated entities, offset by an increase in tomato sales resulting from higher selling prices.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 51.2% to $2,268 from $4,644 for the three months ended June 30, 2019 due primarily to the decrease in equity earnings from Pure Sunfarms offset by higher sales. See the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income in “Non-GAAP Measures - Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Adjusted EBITDA”.

Six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to six months ended June 30, 2019

Sales

Sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased $6,466, or 8.8%, to $79,685 compared to $73,219 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in sales was primarily due to higher selling prices for tomatoes during the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same prior year period offset by production short falls. The average net selling price for all tomato pounds sold increased 22% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2019 due primarily to an increase in the average selling price of our commodity items, which includes beefsteak tomatoes and TOVs. The increase in selling prices for the commodity items was primarily due to a supply shortage mostly stemming from the effects of COVID-19 for most of the first half of 2020. Pepper prices increased 20% and pepper pounds increased 30% when compared to the same prior year period. Cucumber prices remained flat and cucumber pounds decreased (13%) for the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the same prior year period.

A summary of sales by product group in our greenhouse produce business, follows:

|  | For the six months ended June 30, |
Percent of Sales by Product Group |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Tomatoes |  |  | 86 | % |  |  | 85 | %
Peppers |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 5 | %
Cucumbers |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 10 | %
|  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 only decreased ($123), or less than (1%), to $75,391 from $75,514 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 due to a higher cost per pound resulting from fewer pounds sold.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased ($454), or (5.5%), to $7,734 from $8,188 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to reductions in employee related expenses, accounting fees and travel expenses offset by an increase in legal expense related primarily to public company filings and the first quarter Settlement Agreement, as well as increases in other public company expenses.

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Share-based Compensation

Share-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased ($1,140), or (57.1%), to $857 from $1,997 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in share-based compensation expense was primarily due to the vesting of performance shares earned related to developments in Pure Sunfarms in 2019.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased ($389), or (28.5%), to $974 from $1,363 for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease was due to lower interest rates as well as lower debt balances.

Interest Income

Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $476 and $347, respectively. The increase was due to the VFH grid loan having a higher balance at June 30, 2020 as compared to June 30, 2019.

(Loss) Gain on Disposal of Assets

The Company recognized a loss on disposal of assets of ($6) for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to a gain of $13,564 in the prior year period. The 2019 gain was due to the contribution of Delta 2 assets to Pure Sunfarms in March 2019. The gain represents the difference between our book value of the assets contributed and the CA$25,000 fair market value of stock received in PSF.

Income Tax Recovery (Provision)

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, we recorded an income tax recovery of $943 compared to an income tax provision of ($1,152) for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The improvement was primarily due to a $13,564 gain on disposal of assets arising from the contribution of our Delta 2 assets to Pure Sunfarms during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Pure Sunfarms and VF Hemp are both reported post-tax and therefore do not factor into our tax calculation.

Equity Earnings from Unconsolidated Entities

Equity earnings from our unconsolidated entities decreased (66.2%) to $3,579 for the six months ended June 30, 2020, from $10,593 for the same prior year period. The decrease was primarily due to a period over period decrease in Pure Sunfarms’ sales of ($12,522) offset by a $4,348 gain resulting from the outcome of the March 2, 2020 Settlement Agreement between PSF, Emerald Health and us, of which $2,496 was our share of that income, and our share of VF Hemp losses of ($415). For information regarding the results of operations from our joint ventures, refer to “JV Cannabis Business” above and “Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Results to Proportionate Results” below.

Net Income (Loss)

Net income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $4,071 and $10,182, respectively. The decrease was mainly due to a decrease of ($7,014) in our equity earnings from our unconsolidated entities offset by an increase in sales of $6,466 and a gain on settlement of $4,681 recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to a gain on disposal of assets of $13,564 recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased ($2,626), or (43.8%), to $3,364 from $5,990 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 due primarily to the decrease in equity earnings from Pure Sunfarms offset by higher produce sales and earnings. See the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income in “Non-GAAP Measures - Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Adjusted EBITDA”.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Resources

At June 30, 2020, the we had $9,568 in cash and $24,788 of working capital. We expect to provide or obtain adequate financing to maintain and improve our property, plant and equipment, to fund working capital produce needs and invest in Pure Sunfarms for the next twelve months from cash flows from operations, and, as needed, from additional borrowings under the Credit Facilities (as defined below) or additional equity financing.

(in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted) |  | Maximum |  |  | Outstanding June 30, 2020 |
Operating loan |  | CA$ | 13,000 |  |  | $ | 4,000 |
Term loan |  | $ | 29,766 |  |  | $ | 29,766 |
VFCE loan |  | CA$ | 1,317 |  |  | CA$ | 1,317 |

At June 30, 2020 we had a Term Loan financing agreement with a Canadian creditor (“FCC Loan”). The non-revolving variable rate term loan had a maturity date of April 1, 2025 and a balance of $29,766 as of June 30, 2020. The outstanding balance is repayable by way of monthly installments of principal and interest, with the balance and any accrued interest to be paid in full on April 1, 2025. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, borrowings under the FCC Loan agreement were subject to an interest rate of 4.98% and 6.391%, respectively.

We are also party to a variable rate line of credit agreement with Bank of Montreal (“BMO”) that has a maturity date of May 31, 2021 (the “Operating Loan” and together with the FCC Loan, the “Credit Facilities”). The Operating Loan is subject to margin requirements stipulated by the bank based on produce sales. As at June 30, 2020 and 2019 there was $4,000 and $2,000, respectively, drawn on the Operating Loan, which is available to a maximum of CA$13,000, less outstanding letters of credit of US$150 and CA$38.

Our subsidiary VFCE has a loan agreement with a Canadian Chartered Bank that includes a non-revolving fixed rate loan of CA$3.0 million with a maturity date of June 2023 and fixed interest rate of 4.98%. As of June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, the balance was US$882 and US$1,066, respectively. The loan agreement also includes an uncommitted, non-revolving credit facility for up to CA$300 to cover Letters of Guarantee issued by the bank on behalf of the Company, with a maximum term of 365 days, renewable annually.

As security for the FCC Loan, the Company has provided promissory notes, a first mortgage on the VFF-owned greenhouse properties (excluding the Delta 3 and Delta 2 greenhouse facilities) and general security agreements over its assets. In addition, the Company has provided full recourse guarantees and has granted security therein. The carrying value of the assets and securities pledged as collateral as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $168,378 and $155,548, respectively.

As security for the Operating Loan, the Company has provided promissory notes and a first priority security interest over its accounts receivable and inventory. In addition, the Company has granted full recourse guarantees and security therein. The carrying value of the assets pledged as collateral as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $27,035 and $24,915, respectively.

Our borrowings are subject to certain positive and negative covenants, including debt ratios, and we are required to maintain certain minimum working capital. In December 2019, we received a waiver for our annual debt service coverage and debt to EBITDA covenants under its Term Loan. As of June 30, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all of its other Credit Facility covenants under its Credit Facilities.

Accrued interest payable on the credit facilities and loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $111 and $162, respectively. These amounts are included in accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated interim statements of financial position.

In 2019, Pure Sunfarms entered into a credit agreement with BMO, as agent and lead lender, and FCC, as lender, in respect of a CA$20,000 secured non-revolver term loan (the “PSF Credit Facility”). In April 2020, Pure Sunfarms expanded the PSF Credit Facility with its existing lender to CA$59.0 million, including accordion provisions of CA$22.5 million. As of June 30, 2020, the outstanding amount on the loan was CA$30.5 million.

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The PSF Credit Facility, which matures on February 7, 2022, is secured by the Delta 2 and 3 greenhouse facilities and contains customary financial and restrictive covenants. The Company is not a party to the PSF Credit Facility but has guaranteed up to CA$10 million in connection with the PSF Credit Facility.

The Company closed equity offerings on October 22, 2019 and March 24, 2020. The October 22, 2019 public offering raised net proceeds of CA$26,934 through the issuance of 3,059,000 Common Shares at a price of CA$9.40 per Common Share. The March 24, 2020 public offering raised net proceeds of CA$10,711 through the issuance of 3,593,750 Common Shares at a price of CA$3.20 per Common Share.

Summary of Cash Flows

|  | For the six months ended June 30, |
(in Thousands) |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash beginning of period |  | $ | 11,989 |  |  | $ | 11,920 |
Net cash flow provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  | 2,145 |  |  |  | (9,437 | )
Investing activities |  |  | (12,290 | ) |  |  | (6,489 | )
Financing activities |  |  | 7,725 |  |  |  | 15,712 |
Net cash increase (decrease) for the period |  |  | (2,420 | ) |  |  | (214 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |
Cash, end of the period |  | $ | 9,568 |  |  | $ | 11,706 |

Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, cash flows used in operating activities before changes in non-cash working capital totaled ($1,816) and ($7,594), respectively. The improvement is primarily due to the $4,494 repayment of an outstanding receivable due from PSF, a combined increase of $4,962 accounts payable and accrued expenses due to an increase in purchasing from our third party suppliers, offset by a ($2,386) increase in accounts receivable due to higher sales and $1,442 decrease in accrued taxes payable.

Investing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, cash flows used in investing activities were ($12,290) and ($6,489), respectively. The increase is primarily due to an increase of ($11,700) in additional investments made in Pure Sunfarms offset by $5,608 of loans made to VF Hemp and AVGG Hemp during the six months ended June 30, 2019, as no loans were provided during the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Financing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, cash flows provided by financing activities were $7,725 and $15,712, respectively. The decrease is primarily due to higher repayments on borrowings of ($943) and ($5,971) of lower equity proceeds received from the issuance common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2020 when compared to the same prior year period.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, we made equity contributions to Pure Sunfarms totaling CA$16,000 (US$11,713).

Information regarding our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2020 is set forth in the table below:

Financial liabilities |  | Total |  |  | 1 year |  |  | 2-3 years |  |  | 4-5 years |  |  | More than 5 years |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 32,204 |  |  | $ | 2,394 |  |  | $ | 4,830 |  |  | $ | 4,120 |  |  | $ | 20,860 |
Line of credit |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Trade payables |  |  | 9,849 |  |  |  | 9,849 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 7,037 |  |  |  | 7,037 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 5,098 |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | 2,179 |  |  |  | 1,076 |  |  |  | 561 |
Capital lease liabilities |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 58,250 |  |  | $ | 24,606 |  |  | $ | 7,027 |  |  | $ | 5,196 |  |  | $ | 21,421 |

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Non-GAAP Measures

References in this report to “Adjusted EBITDA” are to earnings (including the equity in earnings of the Pure Sunfarms) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), as further adjusted to exclude foreign currency exchange gains and losses on translation of long-term debt, unrealized gains on the changes in the value of derivative instruments, stock compensation, and gains and losses on asset sales, and adjusts for the difference in accounting treatment of Pure Sunfarms, which we believe is necessary to reflect the true economic value of our interest in Pure Sunfarms. Adjusted EBITDA is a cash flow measure that is not recognized under GAAP and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Investors are cautioned that Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an alternative to net income or loss determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of our performance or to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities as measures of liquidity and cash flows. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure in evaluating the historical performance of the Company.

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We also present Adjusted EBITDA, earnings per share and diluted earnings per share on a proportionate segment basis. Each of the components of Adjusted EBITDA, on a proportionate segment basis (which include our proportionate share of Pure Sunfarms and VF Hemp operations), are presented in the table Reconciliation of GAAP to Proportionate Results below. We believe that the ability of investors to assess our overall performance may be improved by the disclosure of proportionate segment Adjusted EBITDA, earnings per share and diluted earnings per share, given that our joint ventures represent a significant percentage of our net income. Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA

The following table reflects a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by the Company:

(in thousands of U.S. dollars) |  | For the three months ended June 30, |  |  | For the six months ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 3,716 |  |  | $ | 4,071 |  |  | $ | 10,182 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization |  |  | 1,491 |  |  |  | 1,964 |  |  |  | 3,021 |  |  |  | 3,804 |
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss |  |  | (530 | ) |  |  | (243 | ) |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | (521 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | 344 |  |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | 498 |  |  |  | 1,016 |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | (3,284 | ) |  |  | (943 | ) |  |  | 1,152 |
Stock based compensation |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | 701 |  |  |  | 857 |  |  |  | 1,997 |
Interest expense for JVs |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | 230 |
Amortization for JVs |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 415 |  |  |  | 678 |  |  |  | 711 |
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss for JVs |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | (13 | )
Provision for income taxes from JVs |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 3,178 |  |  |  | 1,491 |  |  |  | 4,264 |
Gain on settlement agreement |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,681 | ) |  |  | — |
Gain on settlement of net liabilities from JV |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,496 | ) |  |  | — |
Gain on disposal of assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (13,564 | )
Adjustment to reflect true economic value for Pure Sunfarms(1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,507 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,268 | )
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 2,268 |  |  | $ | 4,644 |  |  | $ | 3,364 |  |  | $ | 5,990 |
Adjusted EBITDA for JVs (See table below) |  | $ | 1,034 |  |  | $ | 9,317 |  |  | $ | 3,717 |  |  | $ | 12,520 |
Adjusted EBITDA excluding JVs(produce) |  | $ | 1,234 |  |  | ($ | 4,673 | ) |  | $ | (353 | ) |  | $ | (6,530) |

Breakout of JV Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands of U.S. dollars) |  | For the three months ended June 30, |  |  | For the six months ended June, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Pure Sunfarms Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 1,076 |  |  | $ | 9,449 |  |  | $ | 3,854 |  |  | $ | 12,675 |
VFH Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | (137 | ) |  |  | (155 | )
Total JV Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 1,034 |  |  | $ | 9,317 |  |  | $ | 3,717 |  |  | $ | 12,520 |

(1) | The GAAP treatment of our equity earning of Pure Sunfarms is different than under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). Under GAAP the Emerald shares held in escrow are not considered issued until paid for pursuant to the GAAP concept of ‘hypothetical liquidation’. As a result, our ownership percentage for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was 61.4% and 60.8%, respectively, compared to our economic interest under IFRS of 50% for the same periods.

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Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Results to Proportionate Results

The following tables are a reconciliation of the GAAP results to the proportionate results (which include our proportionate share of Pure Sunfarms and VF Hemp operations):

|  | For the three months ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Produce |  |  | Pure Sunfarms (1) |  |  | Hemp (1) |  |  | Total |
Sales |  | $ | 47,573 |  |  | $ | 5,509 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53,082 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (44,044 | ) |  |  | (3,678 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (47,722 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (3,813 | ) |  |  | (1,086 | ) |  |  | (170 | ) |  |  | (5,069 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | (328 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (328 | )
Other income (expense) net |  |  | 212 |  |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 209 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | (222 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (291 | )
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (469 | ) |  | $ | 463 |  |  | $ | (113 | ) |  | $ | (119 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (2) |  | $ | 1,234 |  |  | $ | 1,076 |  |  | $ | (42 | ) |  | $ | 2,268 |
(Loss) earnings per share – basic |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | (0.00 | )
(Loss) earnings per share – diluted |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | (0.00 | )
|  | For the three months ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Produce |  |  | Pure Sunfarms (1) |  |  | Hemp (1) |  |  | Total |
Sales |  | $ | 41,329 |  |  | $ | 15,066 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 56,395 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (44,299 | ) |  |  | (2,474 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (46,773 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (3,949 | ) |  |  | (1,115 | ) |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | (5,184 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | (701 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (701 | )
Other income (expense) net |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | (194 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (127 | )
Recovery of (provision for) income taxes |  |  | 3,284 |  |  |  | (3,178 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 106 |
Net (loss) income |  | ($ | 4,269 | ) |  | $ | 8,105 |  |  | ($ | 120 | ) |  | $ | 3,716 |
Adjusted EBITDA (2) |  | ($ | 4,673 | ) |  | $ | 9,449 |  |  | ($ | 132 | ) |  | $ | 4,644 |
(Loss) earnings per share – basic |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
(Loss) earnings per share – diluted |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |
|  | For the six months ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Produce |  |  | Pure Sunfarms (1) |  |  | Hemp (1) |  |  | Total |
Sales |  | $ | 79,685 |  |  | $ | 12,951 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 92,734 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (75,391 | ) |  |  | (7,235 | ) |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | (82,746 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (7,734 | ) |  |  | (2,434 | ) |  |  | (287 | ) |  |  | (10,455 | )
Stock compensation expense |  |  | (857 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (857 | )
Gain on settlement agreement |  |  | 4,681 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,681 |
Gain on settlement of net liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,496 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,496 |
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 9 |
Other expense, net |  |  | (829 | ) |  |  | (298 | ) |  |  | (116 | ) |  |  | (1,243 | )
Recovery of (provision for) income taxes |  |  | 943 |  |  |  | (1,491 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (548 | )
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 3,994 |  |  | $ | (415 | ) |  | $ | 4,071 |
Adjusted EBITDA (2) |  | $ | (353 | ) |  | $ | 3,854 |  |  | $ | (137 | ) |  | $ | 3,364 |
Earnings (loss) per share – basic |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |
Earnings (loss) per share – diluted |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.07 |
|  | For the six months ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Produce |  |  | Pure Sunfarms (1) |  |  | Hemp (1) |  |  | Total |
Sales |  | $ | 73,219 |  |  | $ | 21,794 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,013 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (75,514 | ) |  |  | (4,925 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (80,439 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (8,188 | ) |  |  | (1,698 | ) |  |  | (154 | ) |  |  | (10,040 | )

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|  | For the six months ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | Produce |  |  | Pure Sunfarms (1) |  |  | Hemp (1) |  |  | Total |
Stock compensation expense |  |  | (1,997 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,997 | )
Gain on disposal of assets |  |  | 13,564 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,564 |
Other expense, net |  |  | (343 | ) |  |  | (160 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (503 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (1,152 | ) |  |  | (4,264 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,416 | )
Net (loss) income |  | $ | (411 | ) |  | $ | 10,747 |  |  | $ | (154 | ) |  | $ | 10,182 |
Adjusted EBITDA (2) |  | $ | (6,530 | ) |  | $ | 12,675 |  |  | $ | (155 | ) |  | $ | 5,990 |
(Loss) earnings per share – basic |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |
(Loss) earnings per share – diluted |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | (0.00 | ) |  | $ | 0.20 |

Notes:

(1) | The adjusted consolidated financial results have been adjusted to include our share of sales and expenses from Pure Sunfarms and Hemp on a proportionate accounting basis, on which management bases its operating decisions and performance evaluation. GAAP does not allow for the inclusion of the joint ventures on a proportionate basis. These results include additional non-GAAP measures such as Adjusted EBITDA.

The adjusted results are not generally accepted measures of financial performance under GAAP. Our method of calculating these financial performance measures may differ from other companies and accordingly, they may not be comparable to measures used by other companies.

(2) | Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized earnings measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. See “Non-GAAP Measures”. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company. Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA includes our majority non-controlling interest Pure Sunfarms and our 65% interest in VF Hemp.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing exceptions within the general principles of Topic 740 regarding the calculation of deferred tax liabilities, the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation, and calculating income taxes in an interim period. In addition, the ASU adds clarifications to the accounting for franchise tax (or similar tax). which is partially based on income, evaluating tax basis of goodwill recognized from a business combination, and reflecting the effect of any enacted changes in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020 and will be applied either retrospectively or prospectively based upon the applicable amendments. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Actual results could differ from the estimates we use in applying our critical accounting policies. We are not currently aware of any reasonably likely events or circumstances that would result in materially different amounts being reported.

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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its long-term debt, for which the interest rates charged fluctuate based on the 90-day LIBOR rate. If interest rates had been 50 basis points higher, the net income during the periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 would have been lower by $40 and $43, respectively. This represents $40 and $43 in increased interest expense for the periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

While we cannot predict our ability to refinance existing debt or the significance of the impact that interest rate movements will have on our existing debt, management evaluates our financial position on an ongoing basis.

Foreign Exchange Risk

As of June 30, 2020, and 2019, the Canadian/U.S. foreign exchange rate was C$1.00 = US$0.7330 and C$1.00 = US$0.7636, respectively. Assuming that all other variables remain constant, an increase of $0.10 in the Canadian dollar would have the following impact on the ending balances of certain statements of financial position items at June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 with the net foreign exchange gain or loss directly impacting net income (loss).

|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  | June 30, 2019 |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 837 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 496 |  |  |  | 504 |
JV notes receivable |  |  | 1,455 |  |  |  | 1,366 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables and accrued liabilities |  |  | (517 | ) |  |  | (693 | )
Loan payable |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | (176 | )
Net foreign exchange gain (loss) |  | $ | 1,562 |  |  | $ | 1,838 |

Our exposure to foreign exchange risk and the impact of foreign exchange rates are monitored by the Company’s management but generally the Company tries to match its sales (trade receivables) and vendor payments (trade payables) such that the net impact is not material.

Other than the interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk discussed above, there have been no material changes tour market risks from those disclosed in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, has reviewed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2020 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

From time to time the Company is engaged in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe any current legal proceedings are material to our business.

Item 1A. | Risk Factors

Our business, operations, and financial condition are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on April 1, 2020, should be carefully considered, together with the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings filed with the SEC in connection with evaluating us, our business, and the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, there have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as described in Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Recent developments relating to the outbreak of the Coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”)”.

Item 6. | Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report:

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Document
3.1 |  | By-laws amendment (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 25, 2020)
10.1 |  | Employment Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2020, by and between Village Farms International, Inc. and Stephen C. Ruffini (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2020)
10.2 |  | Employment Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2020, by and between Village Farms International, Inc. and Michael A. DeGiglio (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 14, 2020)
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document*
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*

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Exhibit Number |  | Description of Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

* | In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL related information in Exhibit 101 to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
|  | By: |  | /s/ Stephen C. Ruffini
|  |  |  | Name: |  | Stephen C. Ruffini
|  |  |  | Title: |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Authorized Signatory and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date: August 12, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |

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