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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

☐ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-38783

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Ontario |  | 98-1007671
(State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

90 Colonial Parkway

Lake Mary, Florida

32746

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(407) 936-1190

Issuer’s phone number, including area code

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, without par value |  | VFF |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Not Applicable ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “small reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☒
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 8, 2025, 115,517,766 common shares of the registrant were outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position |  | 2
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and Mezzanine Equity |  | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 5
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 6
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 21
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 46
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 46
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |  | 48
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 48
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 48
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sale of Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 48
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 48
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 48
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 48
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 49
|  | Signatures |  | 50

Forward Looking Statements

As used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “Village Farms”, “Village Farms International”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, “our” and similar references refer to Village Farms International, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiaries, and the term “Common Shares” refers to our common shares, no par value. Our financial information is presented in U.S. dollars and all references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to “$” means U.S. dollars and all references to “C$” means Canadian dollars.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and is subject to the safe harbor created by those sections. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities laws. We refer to such forward-looking statements and forward-looking information collectively as "forward-looking statements". Forward-looking statements may relate to the Company's future outlook or financial position and anticipated events or results and may include statements regarding the financial position, business strategy, budgets, expansion plans, litigation, projected production, projected costs, capital expenditures, financial results, tariffs, taxes, plans and objectives of or involving the Company or statements regarding the anticipated benefits from the closing of the transaction involving Vanguard Food LP. Particularly, statements regarding future results, performance, achievements, prospects or opportunities for the Company, the greenhouse vegetable or produce industry, the cannabis industry and market and our energy segment are forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking information can be identified by such terms as "can", "outlook", "may", "might", "will", "could", "should", "would", "occur", "expect", "plan", "anticipate", "believe", "intend", "try", "estimate", "predict", "potential", "continue", "likely", "schedule", "objectives", or the negative or grammatical variation thereof or other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are subject to risks that may include, but are not limited to: our limited operating history in the cannabis and cannabinoids industry, including that of Pure Sunfarms, Corp. (“Pure Sunfarms”), Rose LifeScience Inc. (“Rose” or “Rose LifeScience”), Balanced Health Botanicals, LLC (“Balanced Health”) and Leli Holland B.V. ("Leli"); the limited operational history of the Delta RNG Project in our energy segment; the legal status of the cannabis business of Pure Sunfarms, Rose, and Leli and the hemp business of Balanced Health and uncertainty regarding the legality and regulatory status of cannabis in the United States; risks relating to the integration of Balanced Health and Rose into our consolidated business; risks relating to obtaining additional financing on acceptable terms, including our dependence upon credit facilities and dilutive transactions; potential difficulties in achieving and/or maintaining profitability; variability of product pricing; risks inherent in the cannabis, hemp, CBD, cannabinoids, and agricultural businesses; our market position and competitive position; our ability to leverage current business relationships for future business involving hemp and cannabinoids; the ability of Pure Sunfarms and Rose to cultivate and distribute cannabis in Canada as well as exports; risks related to the start-up of international production at our Netherlands operations under Leli; existing and new governmental regulations, including risks related to regulatory compliance and regarding obtaining and maintaining licenses required under the Cannabis Act (Canada), the Criminal Code and other Acts, S.C. 2018, C. 16 (Canada) for its Canadian operational facilities, and changes in our regulatory requirements; legal and operational risks relating to expected conversion of our greenhouses to cannabis production in Canada and in the United States; risks related to rules and regulations at the U.S. Federal (Food and Drug Administration and United States Department of Agriculture), state and municipal levels with respect to produce and hemp, cannabidiol-based products commercialization; retail consolidation, technological advances and other forms of competition; transportation disruptions; product liability and other potential litigation; retention of key executives; labor issues; uninsured and underinsured losses; vulnerability to rising energy costs; inflationary effects on costs of cultivation and transportation; recessionary effects on demand of our products; environmental, health and safety risks, foreign exchange exposure, risks associated with cross-border trade and the potential for tariffs and other trade restrictions; difficulties in managing our growth; restrictive covenants under our credit facilities; natural catastrophes; elevated interest rates; and tax risks.

The Company has based these forward-looking statements on factors and assumptions about future events and financial trends that it believes may affect its financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. Although the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based upon assumptions that management believes are reasonable based on information currently available to management, there can be no assurance that actual results will be consistent with these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements necessarily involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company's control, which may cause the Company's or the industry's actual results, performance, achievements, prospects and opportunities in future periods to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the factors contained in the Company's filings with securities regulators, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Company’s most recently filed annual report on Form 10-K.

When relying on forward-looking statements to make decisions, the Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on these statements, as forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties and should not be read as guarantees of future results, performance, achievements, prospects and opportunities. The forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

1

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Sta tements of Financial Position

(In thousands of United States dollars, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 82,561 |  |  | $ | 24,631 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  | — |
Trade receivables, net |  |  | 31,351 |  |  |  | 22,160 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 34,203 |  |  |  | 41,256 |
Other receivables |  |  | 579 |  |  |  | 247 |
Prepaid expenses and deposits |  |  | 2,931 |  |  |  | 2,806 |
Current assets of discontinued operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,919 |
Total current assets |  |  | 156,625 |  |  |  | 116,019 |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 179,845 |  |  |  | 175,226 |
Investments |  |  | 6,279 |  |  |  | 2,656 |
Goodwill |  |  | 43,696 |  |  |  | 42,315 |
Intangibles, net |  |  | 23,755 |  |  |  | 25,105 |
Deferred tax asset |  |  | 719 |  |  |  | 1,005 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | 3,587 |  |  |  | 4,372 |
Other assets |  |  | 3,878 |  |  |  | 2,178 |
Non-current assets of discontinued operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,430 |
Total assets |  | $ | 418,384 |  |  | $ | 389,306 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Line of credit |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,000 |
Trade payables |  |  | 9,511 |  |  |  | 11,254 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 4,841 |  |  |  | 8,142 |
Accrued sales taxes |  |  | 11,758 |  |  |  | 8,740 |
Accrued loyalty program |  |  | 519 |  |  |  | 1,029 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 10,116 |  |  |  | 8,972 |
Lease liabilities - current |  |  | 1,134 |  |  |  | 1,060 |
Income tax payable |  |  | 8,538 |  |  |  | 51 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 7,381 |  |  |  | 1,053 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations |  |  | 2,608 |  |  |  | 17,918 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 56,406 |  |  |  | 62,219 |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  | 29,753 |  |  |  | 32,420 |
Deferred tax liability |  |  | 20,161 |  |  |  | 19,940 |
Lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | 3,459 |  |  |  | 4,199 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 3,240 |  |  |  | 2,196 |
Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,374 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 113,019 |  |  |  | 125,348 |
MEZZANINE EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,997 |  |  |  | 9,953 |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, no par value per share - unlimited shares authorized; 114,970,100 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025 and 112,337,049 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024. |  |  | 390,893 |  |  |  | 387,349 |
Additional paid in capital |  |  | 31,886 |  |  |  | 30,604 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (12,406 | ) |  |  | (18,932 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | (115,005 | ) |  |  | (145,016 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 295,368 |  |  |  | 254,005 |
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 418,384 |  |  | $ | 389,306 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of O perations and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Sales |  | $ | 66,741 |  |  | $ | 54,938 |  |  | $ | 166,320 |  |  | $ | 150,522 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (34,803 | ) |  |  | (41,301 | ) |  |  | (97,860 | ) |  |  | (112,031 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 31,938 |  |  |  | 13,637 |  |  |  | 68,460 |  |  |  | 38,491 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (15,599 | ) |  |  | (14,565 | ) |  |  | (45,629 | ) |  |  | (45,871 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (646 | ) |  |  | (779 | ) |  |  | (2,162 | ) |  |  | (2,594 | )
Interest income |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 757 |
Foreign exchange (loss) gain |  |  | (238 | ) |  |  | 352 |  |  |  | 1,470 |  |  |  | (929 | )
Other (loss) income |  |  | (282 | ) |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 4,169 |  |  |  | 528 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,939 | )
Income (loss) before taxes and equity method investment income |  |  | 15,533 |  |  |  | (747 | ) |  |  | 26,852 |  |  |  | (21,557 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (4,717 | ) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (8,203 | ) |  |  | (674 | )
Equity method investment income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  |  | 10,816 |  |  |  | (841 | ) |  |  | 18,649 |  |  |  | (22,231 | )
(Loss) Income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (276 | ) |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 11,015 |  |  |  | (4,756 | )
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  |  | 10,540 |  |  |  | (750 | ) |  |  | 29,664 |  |  |  | (26,987 | )
Less: net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax |  |  | (323 | ) |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | (234 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 10,217 |  |  | $ | (820 | ) |  | $ | 30,011 |  |  | $ | (27,221 | )
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Discontinued operations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | (0.04 | )
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Discontinued operations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | (0.04 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Weighted average number of common shares used in the computation of net income (loss) per share (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 113,039 |  |  |  | 111,917 |  |  |  | 112,577 |  |  |  | 111,045 |
Diluted |  |  | 120,565 |  |  |  | 111,917 |  |  |  | 115,292 |  |  |  | 111,045 |
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  | $ | 10,540 |  |  | $ | (750 | ) |  | $ | 29,664 |  |  | $ | (26,987 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (3,920 | ) |  |  | 2,595 |  |  |  | 6,915 |  |  |  | (3,655 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  |  | 6,620 |  |  |  | 1,845 |  |  |  | 36,579 |  |  |  | (30,642 | )
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests |  |  | (140 | ) |  |  | (222 | ) |  |  | (40 | ) |  |  | 10 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 6,480 |  |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | 36,539 |  |  | $ | (30,632 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity and Mezzanine Equity

(In thousands of United States dollars, except for shares outstanding)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
|  | Number of Common Shares (in thousands) |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | Mezzanine Equity |
Balance July 1, 2025 |  |  | 112,644 |  |  | $ | 387,350 |  |  | $ | 30,878 |  |  | $ | (8,669 | ) |  | $ | (125,222 | ) |  | $ | 284,337 |  |  | $ | 9,855 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,014 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,014 |  |  |  | — |
Shares issued on exercise of warrants |  |  | 1,894 |  |  |  | 3,126 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,120 |  |  |  | — |
Shares issued on exercise of options |  |  | 432 |  |  |  | 417 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 417 |  |  |  | — |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,737 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,737 | ) |  |  | (183 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,217 |  |  |  | 10,217 |  |  |  | 325 |
Balance at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 114,970 |  |  | $ | 390,893 |  |  | $ | 31,886 |  |  | $ | (12,406 | ) |  | $ | (115,005 | ) |  | $ | 295,368 |  |  | $ | 9,997 |

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Number of Common Shares (in thousands) |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) income |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Non-controlling Interest |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | Mezzanine Equity |
Balance at July 1, 2024 |  |  | 111,728 |  |  | $ | 386,719 |  |  | $ | 30,405 |  |  | $ | (9,394 | ) |  | $ | (135,566 | ) |  | $ | 517 |  |  | $ | 272,681 |  |  | $ | 10,358 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | 245 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 875 |  |  | — |
Acquisition of redeemable non-controlling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (312 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (489 | ) |  |  | (801 | ) |  | — |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,443 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 2,470 |  |  |  | 125 |
Net (loss) income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (820 | ) |  |  | (55 | ) |  |  | (875 | ) |  |  | 125 |
Balance at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 112,337 |  |  | $ | 387,349 |  |  | $ | 30,338 |  |  | $ | (6,951 | ) |  | $ | (136,386 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 274,350 |  |  | $ | 10,608 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
|  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | Mezzanine Equity |
Balance January 1, 2025 |  |  | 112,337 |  |  | $ | 387,349 |  |  | $ | 30,604 |  |  | $ | (18,932 | ) |  | $ | (145,016 | ) |  | $ | 254,005 |  |  | $ | 9,953 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | — |
Shares issued on exercise of warrants |  |  | 1,895 |  |  |  | 3,127 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,127 |  |  |  | — |
Shares issued on exercise of options |  |  | 432 |  |  |  | 417 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 417 |  |  |  | — |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,526 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,526 |  |  |  | 389 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,011 |  |  |  | 30,011 |  |  |  | (345 | )
Balance at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 114,970 |  |  | $ | 390,893 |  |  | $ | 31,886 |  |  | $ | (12,406 | ) |  | $ | (115,005 | ) |  | $ | 295,368 |  |  | $ | 9,997 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
|  | Number of Common Shares |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Non-controlling Interest |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | Mezzanine Equity |
Balance January 1, 2024 |  |  | 110,249 |  |  | $ | 386,719 |  |  | $ | 25,611 |  |  | $ | (3,540 | ) |  | $ | (109,165 | ) |  | $ | 649 |  |  | $ | 300,274 |  |  | $ | 15,667 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 2,088 |  |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | 2,846 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,476 |  |  | — |
Acquisition of redeemable non-controlling interest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,193 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,193 |  |  |  | (5,209 | )
Acquisition of non-controlling interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (312 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (489 | ) |  |  | (801 | ) |  | — |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,411 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,411 | ) |  |  | (244 | )
Net (loss) income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (27,221 | ) |  |  | (160 | ) |  |  | (27,381 | ) |  |  | 394 |
Balance at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 112,337 |  |  | $ | 387,349 |  |  | $ | 30,338 |  |  | $ | (6,951 | ) |  | $ | (136,386 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 274,350 |  |  | $ | 10,608 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Village Farms International, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands of United States dollars)

(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations including non-controlling interests |  | $ | 18,649 |  |  | $ | (22,231 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities of continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 12,572 |  |  |  | 12,934 |
Amortization of deferred charges |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 10 |
Interest expense |  |  | 2,162 |  |  |  | 2,594 |
Interest paid on long-term debt |  |  | (2,215 | ) |  |  | (3,128 | )
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss |  |  | (56 | ) |  |  | 143 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,939 |
Non-cash lease expense |  |  | 740 |  |  |  | 593 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | 3,476 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | 384 |
Changes in non-cash working capital items |  |  | 13,630 |  |  |  | (3,911 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations |  |  | 46,710 |  |  |  | 2,803 |
Cash flows used in investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (7,117 | ) |  |  | (5,527 | )
Purchases of intangibles |  |  | — |  |  |  | (80 | )
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations |  |  | (7,117 | ) |  |  | (5,607 | )
Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayments on borrowings |  |  | (6,612 | ) |  |  | (4,301 | )
Purchase of non-controlling interest |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,817 | )
Proceeds from exercise of warrants and options |  |  | 3,544 |  |  |  | — |
Other financing activities |  |  | (543 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations |  |  | (3,611 | ) |  |  | (8,118 | )
Discontinued Operations |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities from discontinued operations |  |  | (5,865 | ) |  |  | 7,139 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations |  |  | 38,710 |  |  |  | (2,620 | )
Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations |  |  | (4,000 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash flows provided by discontinued operations |  |  | 28,845 |  |  |  | 4,519 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (1,897 | ) |  |  | (192 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 62,930 |  |  |  | (6,595 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period |  |  | 24,631 |  |  |  | 35,291 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period |  | $ | 87,561 |  |  | $ | 28,696 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

1.
BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business

Village Farms International, Inc. (“VFF” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) is a corporation existing under the Ontario Business Corporations Act. VFF’s principal operating subsidiaries as of September 30, 2025 were Pure Sunfarms Corp. (“Pure Sunfarms”), Balanced Health Botanicals, LLC (“Balanced Health”), Leli Holland B.V. (“Leli”), Village Farms Canada Limited Partnership ("VFCLP"), Village Farms, L.P., and VF Clean Energy, Inc. (“VFCE”). VFF also owns an 80% interest in Rose LifeScience Inc. (“Rose”).

The address of the registered office of VFF is 79 Wellington Street West, Suite 3300, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5K 1N2.

The address of the principal executive office of VFF is 90 Colonial Center Pkwy, Lake Mary, Florida, United States, 32746.

The Company’s shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “VFF”.

VFF's wholly ow ned subsidiary, Pure Sunfarms, is a vertically integrated licensed producer and supplier of cannabis products sold to customers throughout Canada and internationally. Through its 80% ownership interest of Rose, the Company has a substantial presence in the Province of Quebec as a cannabis supplier, producer and commercialization expert. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Balanced Health, develops and sells high quality, cannabidiol (“CBD”) based products including ingestible, edible and topical applications within the U.S. Its wholly owned subsidiary, Leli, is a vertically integrated licensed producer and supplier of cannabis products sold to coffee shops in the Netherlands. VFF owns and operates sophisticated, highly intensive agricultural greenhouse facilities in British Columbia, where it produces premium-quality tomatoes.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Pursuant to these rules and regulations, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2024 is derived from the Company’s audited financial statements as of that date. Because certain information and footnote disclosures have been condensed or omitted, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 contained in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. In management’s opinion, all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented have been included. When necessary, certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation. Interim period operating results do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year. The Company believes that the disclosures made in these condensed consolidated financial statements are adequate to make the information not misleading.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company determined that certain assets that had been disposed of met the criteria for discontinued operations presentation. For all periods presented, the operating results associated with the assets disposed of have been reclassified into net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The associated assets and liabilities have been reflected as current and long-term assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and the cash flows from the Company’s discontinued operations are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented.

Certain prior period balances related to the Company's reportable segments and discontinued operations have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are presented on a continuing operations basis unless otherwise noted. Refer to Note 7 Discontinued Operations and Disposals for additional information on the Company's discontinued operations.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include Village Farms International, Inc. and its subsidiaries and include the accounts of all majority-owned subsidiaries over which the Company exercises control and, when applicable, entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Other parties’ interests in entities that the Company consolidates are reported as non-controlling interests within equity, except for mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests, which are recorded within mezzanine equity. Net income or loss attributable to non-controlling interests is reported as a separate line item below net

6

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

income or loss. The Company applies the equity method of accounting for its investments in entities for which it does not have a controlling financial interest, but over which it has the ability to exert significant influence.

Revision of Prior-Period Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

In connection with the preparation of our 2024 consolidated financial statements, the Company identified an immaterial misstatement in its estimate of its deferred tax asset valuation allowance as of Decembe r 31, 2023. As a result, we recorded a decrease to deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2023 and increase in income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 for $3,000, which decreased total assets and retained earnings as of December 31, 2023 and increased our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 by $3,000, reflecting the correction of this item. Ou r revision had no impact to the Company’s consolidated statement of cash flows. Additionally, our revision had no impact to the Company’s segment profit measures, compliance with debt covenants, or performance metrics used in the calculation of executive compensation as the impacted line items are excluded from these calculations. We evaluated the materiality of the impact quantitatively and qualitatively and concluded it was not material to any of the prior periods.

Translations of Foreign Currencies

The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, with resulting translation gains or losses included within other comprehensive income or loss. Revenue and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars at average rates of exchange during the applicable period. Substantially all of the Company’s foreign operations use their local currency as their functional currency. For foreign operations for which the local currency is not the functional currency, the operation’s non-monetary assets are remeasured into U.S. dollars at historical exchange rates. All other accounts are remeasured at current exchange rates, with both gains or losses from remeasurement and currency gains or losses from transactions executed in currencies other than the functional currency included in foreign exchange (loss) gain.

In these condensed consolidated financial statements, “$” means U.S. dollars and “C$” means Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted.

The exchange rates used to translate from Canadian dollars to U.S dollars are shown below:

| As of |
| September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Spot rate |  | 0.7185 |  |  |  | 0.7398 |  |  |  | 0.6957 |
Three-month period ended |  | 0.7261 |  |  |  | 0.7331 |  |  | N/A |
Nine-month period ended |  | 0.7151 |  |  |  | 0.7352 |  |  | N/A |

General Economic, Regulatory and Market Conditions

The Company has experienced, and may continue to experience, direct and indirect negative effects on its business and operations from negative economic, regulatory and market conditions, including inflationary effects on fuel prices, labor and materials costs, elevated interest rates, tariffs, potential recessionary impacts and supply chain disruptions that could negatively affect demand for new projects and/or delay existing project timing or cause increased project costs. The extent to which general economic, regulatory and market conditions could affect the Company’s business, operations and financial results is uncertain as it will depend upon numerous evolving factors that management may not be able to accurately predict, and, therefore, any future impacts on the Company’s business, financial condition and/or results of operations cannot be quantified or predicted with specificity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

No accounting pronouncements recently issued or newly effective have had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

2. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following as of:

Classification |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Cannabis: |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials |  | $ | 4,140 |  |  | $ | 6,372 |
Work-in-progress |  |  | 9,383 |  |  |  | 7,052 |
Finished goods |  |  | 15,559 |  |  |  | 21,872 |
Packaging |  |  | 4,326 |  |  |  | 3,100 |
Produce: |  |  |  |  |  |
Crop inventory |  |  | 795 |  |  |  | 2,860 |
Inventory |  | $ | 34,203 |  |  | $ | 41,256 |

3. REVENUES

The Company’s produce and cannabis revenue transactions consist of a single performance obligation to transfer promised goods at a fixed price. Quantities to be delivered to the customer are determined at a point near the date of delivery through purchase orders received from the customer. The Company recognizes revenue when it has fulfilled a performance obligation, which is typically when the customer receives the goods. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the goods. The amount of revenue recognized is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, reduced for excise duty, returns, and other customer credits, such as trade discounts and volume rebates. Payment terms are consistent with terms standard to the markets the Company serves.

The following tables disaggregate the Company’s net revenues from continuing operations by major source.

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
Classification |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Cannabis: |  |  |  |  |  |
Branded (1) |  | $ | 26,846 |  |  | $ | 27,277 |
Non-Branded |  |  | 7,344 |  |  |  | 7,402 |
International |  |  | 11,858 |  |  |  | 1,360 |
U.S. Cannabis |  |  | 3,337 |  |  |  | 3,943 |
Netherlands Cannabis |  |  | 3,587 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 424 |
Produce |  |  | 12,841 |  |  |  | 14,340 |
Clean Energy |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | 192 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 66,741 |  |  | $ | 54,938 |

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Classification |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Cannabis: |  |  |  |  |  |
Branded (1) |  | $ | 74,554 |  |  | $ | 86,832 |
Non-Branded |  |  | 20,715 |  |  |  | 22,147 |
International |  |  | 29,226 |  |  |  | 4,355 |
U.S. Cannabis |  |  | 11,082 |  |  |  | 12,777 |
Netherlands Cannabis |  |  | 6,556 |  |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 1,443 |  |  |  | 1,320 |
Produce |  |  | 21,442 |  |  |  | 22,778 |
Clean Energy |  |  | 1,302 |  |  |  | 313 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 166,320 |  |  | $ | 150,522 |

(1)
Branded revenues are shown net of excise tax on products. Excise tax on products was $15,712 and $17,674 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respe ctively and $44,476 and $57,193 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

8

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following as of:

Classification |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Land |  | $ | 13,888 |  |  | $ | 13,451 |
Leasehold and land improvements |  |  | 9,733 |  |  |  | 8,799 |
Buildings |  |  | 184,468 |  |  |  | 180,091 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 58,911 |  |  |  | 55,637 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 16,626 |  |  |  | 10,971 |
Less: Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (103,781 | ) |  |  | (93,723 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | $ | 179,845 |  |  | $ | 175,226 |

Depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment, was $3,349 and $3,829 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $10,128 and $10,535 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Capitalized interest was $0 and $260 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $188 and $825 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

5. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The following table presents the changes in the carrying value of goodwill by reportable segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

| Cannabis - Canada |
Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | 42,315 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | 1,381 |
Balance as of September 30, 2025 | $ | 43,696 |

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of the following as of:

Classification |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Licenses |  | $ | 18,328 |  |  | $ | 17,196 |
Brand and trademarks* |  |  | 3,377 |  |  |  | 12,520 |
Customer relationships |  |  | 12,939 |  |  |  | 12,530 |
Computer software |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | 2,029 |
Other* |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 144 |
Less: Accumulated amortization |  |  | (11,322 | ) |  |  | (10,064 | )
Less: Impairments* |  |  | — |  |  |  | (9,250 | )
Intangibles, net |  | $ | 23,755 |  |  | $ | 25,105 |

* Includes indefinite-lived intangible assets

The expected future amortization expense for definite-lived intangible assets as of September 30, 2025 was as follows:

Fiscal period |  |  |
Remainder of 2025 |  | $ | 811 |
2026 |  |  | 3,227 |
2027 |  |  | 3,212 |
2028 |  |  | 1,852 |
2029 |  |  | 1,850 |
Thereafter |  |  | 9,282 |
Intangibles, net |  | $ | 20,234 |

Amortization expense was $813 and $749 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $2,444 and $2,399 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

9

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Assessment for Indicators of Impairment

At the end of each reporting period, the Company assesses whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that would indicate an impairment. The Company considers external and internal factors, including overall financial performance and relevant entity-specific factors, as part of this assessment.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company considered qualitative factors in assessing for impairment indicators for the Company’s U.S. and Canadian Cannabis segments.

At September 30, 2025, the Company concluded that no impairment indicators existed as no events or circumstances occurred that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of the reporting units to be below their carrying amounts.

Cannabis - U.S.

At June 30, 2024, when the Company considered qualitative factors in assessing impairment indicators it concluded that the Company's U.S. - Cannabis segment more likely than not was impaired. The Company reviewed the reporting segment's assets, including goodwill and intangible assets. Based on recent historical performance during the quarter which underperformed relative to budget, a revised June 30, 2024 forecast which showed a shortfall compared to the March 31, 2024 forecast, the new restrictions on CBD sales in an additional eight states at July 1, 2024, and the proliferation of unregulated hemp-derived products on the market which continues to challenge market share for the CBD industry, the Company concluded that as of June 30, 2024, the fair value of the brand intangible asset and goodwill was fully impaired and an impairment charge to intangibles of $1,900 and goodwill of $10,039 was recorded to the U.S. Cannabis reporting unit.

Cannabis - U.S. - Goodwill

At June 30, 2024, the fair value of the reporting unit was determined based on a discounted cash flow projection using projections for 2024 to 2028 with an average revenue growth rate of 6% between 2025 to 2028, followed by a terminal growth rate of 2%. Management concluded that as of June 30, 2024, the fair value was lower than its carrying amount and as a result, an impairment charge to goodwill of $10,039 was recorded to the reporting unit.

The significant assumptions applied to the determination of the fair value are described below:

Post-tax discount rate: A market participant post-tax discount rate applied to the after-tax forecast cash flows was 12%. A decrease of 1% to the discount rate, would not result in a material change to the impairment charge.

Terminal growth rate: An increase of 1% in the terminal growth rate would not result in a material change to the impairment charge.

Future cash flows: An increase in future cash flows by 10% would not result in a material change to the impairment charge.

Cannabis – U.S. Brand

At June 30, 2024, the fair value of the brand was determined based on a discounted cash flow projection. Specifically, the Company utilized a relief from royalty valuation technique to arrive at the fair value of the brand. Management concluded that as of June 30, 2024, the fair value was lower than its carrying value of $1,900 as the notional brand maintenance costs exceeded the incremental royalty of 3.5%. Therefore, an impairment charge to the brand intangible of $1,900 was allocated to the reporting unit.

Cannabis - Canada

At September 30, 2024, when the Company considered qualitative factors in assessing impairment indicators for Canadian Cannabis it concluded that as of September 30, 2024, no impairment indicators existed as no events or circumstances occurred that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of the reporting units to be below their carrying amounts.

10

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

6. LINE OF CREDIT AND LONG-TERM DEBT

The following table provides details for the carrying values of debt as of:

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Term Loan - (“FCC Term Loan”) - repayable by monthly principal payments of $164 and accrued interest at Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus an applicable margin per annum (7.87% at September 30, 2025); matures May 3, 2027 |  | $ | 16,345 |  |  | $ | 20,821 |
Term loan - ("Pure Sunfarms Term Loan Facility") - C$27.4 M - repayable by quarterly principal payments of C$1.0 million and accrued interest at Canadian prime interest or Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average ("CORRA") plus an applicable margin (5.28% at September 30, 2025), matures February 7, 2028. |  |  | 18,249 |  |  |  | — |
Term Loan - ("Pure Sunfarms Non-Revolving Facility") - C$19.0 M - Canadian prime interest rate plus an applicable margin , repayable in quarterly payments equal to 2.50% of the outstanding principal amount, matures February 7, 2026 . Terminated on April 17, 2025 and replaced with the "Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities" |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,262 |
Term loan - ("Pure Sunfarms Term Loan") - C$25.0 M - Canadian prime interest rate plus an applicable margin, repayable in quarterly payments equal to 2.50% of the outstanding principal amount, matures February 7, 2026. Terminated on April 17, 2025 and replaced with the "Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities" |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,436 |
Term Loan - (Pure Sunfarms "BDC Facility") - non-revolving demand loan repayable by monthly principal payments of C$52 and accrued interest at Canadian prime interest rate plus an applicable margin, matures December 31, 2031. Terminated on April 17, 2025 and replaced with the "Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities" |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,043 |
Total |  | $ | 34,594 |  |  | $ | 40,562 |
Less current maturities |  |  | 4,841 |  |  |  | 8,142 |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 29,753 |  |  | $ | 32,420 |

As collateral for the FCC Term Loan, the Company has provided promissory notes and a first priority security interest over its accounts receivable and inventory. In addition, the Company has granted full recourse guarantees and security therein. The carrying value of the assets and securities pledged as collateral for the FCC Term Loan as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $98,423 and $101,068, respectively.

On April 10, 2025, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “A&R Credit Agreement”) with Farm Credit Canada (“FCC”) as the lender, which amended and restated the terms of the FCC Term Loan. Among other things, the A&R Credit Agreement (i) adds the Company as a new borrower, (ii) adds VF Clean Energy, Inc. as a new guarantor, and (iii) provides more favorable financial covenants.

On April 17, 2025, the Company entered into a secured credit facility with a Canadian chartered bank as administrative agent with an aggregate borrowing capacity of C$37.4 million, consisting of a maximum C$10.0 million revolving credit facility (the "Pure Sunfarms Revolving Credit Facility"), and a C$27.4 million term loan facility (the "Pure Sunfarms Term Loan Facility", and collectively with the Pure Sunfarms Revolving Credit Facility, the "Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities"). The Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities are secured by the Delta 2 and Delta 3 greenhouse facilities. The Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities were used to replace, and repay remaining outstanding balances on, the Company's (i) Pure Sunfarms Term Loan, (ii) the Pure Sunfarms Non-Revolving Facility, (iii) the BDC Facility, and (iv) the PSF Revolving Line of Credit. The credit and guarantee agreements related to the Pure Sunfarms Loan, the Pure Sunfarms Non-Revolving Credit Facility, the BDC Facility, and the PSF Revolving Line of Credit were terminated.

The outstanding amount of the Pure Sunfarms Term Loan Facility will be repayable, on a quarterly basis, in an amount equal to C$1.0 million. Any amount remaining unpaid will be due and payable in full on the maturity date, which is on February 7, 2028.

11

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

The loans under the Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities will accrue interest at a rate equal to, at the company's option, (a) the Canadian Prime Rate plus the applicable margin, or (b) the Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin for the Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facility is determined based upon Pure Sunfarms leverage ratio. The Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities can be drawn for advances of up to C$10.0 million.

The Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities also contain customary covenants, customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants, financial covenants and events of default.

The weighted average annual interest rate on short-term borrowings as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 6.3% and 9.4%, respectively.

Accrued interest payable on all long-term debt as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $183 and $271, respectively, and these amounts are included in accrued liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

The aggregate annual principal maturities of long-term debt for the remainder of 2025 and thereafter are as follows:

Remainder of 2025 |  | $ | 1,209 |
2026 |  |  | 4,835 |
2027 |  |  | 16,768 |
2028 |  |  | 11,782 |
Total |  | $ | 34,594 |

7. DI SCONTINUED OPERATIONS AND DISPOSALS

On May 30, 2025, the Company closed on a transaction with a newly-formed holding company, Vanguard Food, LP (“Vanguard”), backed by private investment firms, to privatize certain assets and operations of its Fresh Produce segment (the "Transaction"). As part of the Transaction, the Company received $40 million in cash proceeds, subject to working capital adjustments, and common units representing a 37.9% equity ownership interest in Vanguard with an estimated fair value of $3.5 million. In accordance with ASC 810-10-40, the Company recognized a gain upon deconsolidation of the Produce operations, based on the fair value of consideration received and fair value of Vanguard common units, less the carrying amount of net assets disposed. The gain on sale was recorded based on available data and management estimates as of September 30, 2025 and is subject to post-closing selling price adjustments which could result in further adjustments to the gain on sale. The following table outlines the calculation of the initial gain on sale of the Transaction:

Cash proceeds | $ | 35,000 |
Cash held in indemnity escrow (Restricted cash) |  | 5,000 |
Fair value of Vanguard common units |  | 3,530 |
Carrying value of lease to Vanguard |  | 1,245 |
Estimated future distributions for working capital adjustments and other obligations |  | (4,290 | )
Less: Carrying value of net assets disposed |  | (20,500 | )
Gain on sale | $ | 19,985 |

The Company concluded the Transaction met the criteria under ASC 205-20 to be classified as discontinued operations because the Transaction represented a strategic shift in the Company's business model that had a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (loss) and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position have been adjusted for all prior periods to reflect the historical results as discontinued operations.

The Company has entered into a Transition Services Agreement with Village Fresh, a Vanguard subsidiary, to provide certain transition services for specified fees and a multi-year Sales, Marketing & Distribution Agreement with Village Fresh, which sets forth the terms, conditions, rights and obligations governing the sales, marketing and distribution by Village Fresh of all hydroponically grown tomatoes produced at VFCLP's British Columbia greenhouse growing facilities. The price paid by Village Fresh to the Company is based on amounts paid by Village Fresh’s customers, net of a marketing fee to be received by Village Fresh.

Details of the net (loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax, were as follows:

12

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Sales |  | $ | (210 | ) |  | $ | 28,430 |  |  | $ | 62,543 |  |  | $ | 103,105 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | (26,359 | ) |  |  | (65,928 | ) |  |  | (101,127 | )
Gross loss |  |  | (292 | ) |  |  | 2,071 |  |  |  | (3,385 | ) |  |  | 1,978 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (396 | ) |  |  | (1,976 | ) |  |  | (5,125 | ) |  |  | (6,723 | )
Interest expense |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Gain on sale of assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 19,985 |  |  |  | — |
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income taxes |  |  | (688 | ) |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 11,468 |  |  |  | (4,756 | )
Recovery of (provision for) income taxes |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (453 | ) |  |  | — |
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | (276 | ) |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 11,015 |  |  | $ | (4,756 | )

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations:

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade receivables, net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,505 |
Inventories, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,881 |
Other Receivables |  |  | — |  |  |  | 80 |
Prepaid expenses and deposits |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,453 |
Total current assets of discontinued operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,919 |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,037 |
Right-of-use assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,393 |
Total non-current assets of discontinued operations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20,430 |
Total assets of discontinued operations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,349 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 13,245 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 2,397 |  |  |  | 3,236 |
Lease liabilities - current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,437 |
Total current liabilities of discontinued operations |  |  | 2,608 |  |  |  | 17,918 |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Lease liabilities - non-current |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,374 |
Total liabilities of discontinued operations |  | $ | 2,608 |  |  | $ | 22,292 |

8. EQUITY INVESTMENTS

On May 30, 2025, the Company closed on the Transaction with Vanguard to privatize certain assets and operations of its Fresh Produce segment (Note 7). As part of the Transaction, the Company received a 37.9% equity ownership interest in Vanguard with an estimated fair value of $3,530, included in investments within the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. We account for our investment in Vanguard under the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Under the equity method of accounting, the initial investment is recorded at cost and the investment is subsequently adjusted for, among other things, its proportionate share of earnings or losses. However, given the capital structure of the Vanguard arrangement, we apply the Hypothetical Liquidation Book Value ("HLBV") method to determine the allocation of profits and losses since our liquidation rights and priorities, as defined by the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Vanguard Food LP (the "Vanguard LPA"), differ from our underlying ownership interest. The HLBV method calculates the proceeds that would be attributable to each partner in an investment based on the liquidation provisions of the Vanguard LPA if the partnership was to be liquidated at book value as of the balance sheet date. Each partner’s allocation of income or loss in the period is equal to the change in the amount of net equity they are legally able to claim based on a hypothetical liquidation of the entity at the end of a reporting period compared to the beginning of that period, adjusted for any capital transactions. Based on the terms of the Vanguard LPA and related Transaction documents, we recorded income on equity method investments attributable to Vanguard of $0 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

13

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

9. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial assets and liabilities are recognized on the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value in a hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s financial instruments included cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, line of credit, trade payables, accrued liabilities, lease liabilities, and note payables. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying value of line of credit, lease liabilities, and note payables approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments or the use of market interest rates for debt instruments.

There were no financial instruments categorized as Level 3 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

10. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES

The Company leases its Rose office building from a Company employee who also owns a minority interest in Rose. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company paid C$50 and C$164, respectively, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 the Company paid C$40 and C$230, respectively, to lease this office space.

One of the Company’s former employees is related to a member of the Company’s executive management team and received approximately $- and $99 in salary and benefits during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and $45 and $130 in salary and benefits during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

11. INCOME TAXES

The Company has recorded a provision for income taxes of $4,717 and $8,203 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared with a provision for income taxes of $94 and $674 for the same periods last year.

The Company’s income tax provision is based on management’s estimate of the effective tax rate for the full year. The tax (provision) benefit in any period will be affected by, among other things, permanent, as well as discrete items, differences in the deductibility of certain items, changes in the valuation allowance related to net deferred tax assets, in addition to changes in tax legislation. As a result, the Company may experience significant fluctuations in the effective book tax rate (that is, tax expense divided by pre-tax book income) from period to period.

In order to fully utilize the net deferred tax assets, the Company will need to generate sufficient taxable income in future years. The Company analyzed all positive and negative evidence to determine if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not to realize the benefit of the net deferred tax assets. The recognition of the net deferred tax assets and related tax benefits is based upon the Company’s conclusions regarding, among other considerations, estimates of future earnings based on information currently available and current and anticipated customers, contracts, and product introductions, as well as historical operating results and certain tax planning strategies.

Based on the analysis of all available evidence, both positive and negative, the Company has concluded that it does not have the ability to generate sufficient taxable income in the necessary periods to utilize the entire benefit for its deferred tax assets. Accordingly, the Company established a valuati on allowance of $44,716 as of September 30, 2025 and $48,561 as of December 31, 2024. The Company cannot presently estimate what, if any, changes to the valuation of its deferred tax assets may be deemed appropriate in the future.

As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s net deferred tax assets totaled $719 and w ere primarily derived from a tax planning strategy to utilize a portion of its existing net operating loss carryforwards.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act ("OBBBA") was enacted in the U. S. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework, and the restoration of favorable tax treatment for certain business provisions. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company analyzed the effects of the new tax legislation and determined that there is no significant impact in the current quarter.

12. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The Company regularly monitors its reportable segments to determine if changes in facts and circumstances would indicate whether changes in the determination or aggregation of operating segments are necessary. In the fourth quarter of 2024, the

14

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Company determined that Leli had met the quantitative threshold to be a reportable segment. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2024, the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) changed the segment profit measure from gross margin to operating income or loss. We believe that segment operating (loss) income is a more useful measure because it allows management, analysts, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate the profitability of our business operations before the effects of certain expenses that directly arise from non-operating activities (other income/expense), financing decisions (interest), and tax strategies (income taxes). These changes have been applied to all periods presented.

Segment reporting is prepared on the same basis that the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the CODM, manages the business, makes operating decisions and assesses performance. Management has determined that the Company operates in five reportable segments: Cannabis-Canada, Cannabis-U.S., Cannabis - Netherlands (previously Leli), Produce, and Clean Energy. The Cannabis-Canada segment produces and supplies cannabis products to be sold to other licensed providers and provincial governments across Canada and internationally. The Cannabis-U.S. segment develops and sells high-quality, CBD-based health and wellness products including ingestible, edible and topical applications across the United States. The Cannabis - Netherlands segment produces and supplies cannabis products in the Netherlands, supplying designated coffee shops. The Produce segment, subsequent to the Transaction, produces premium quality tomatoes. The Clean Energy business receives a royalty representing a portion of the natural gas that is sold to one customer pursuant to its long-term contract.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of business, basis of presentation and significant accounting policies. The Company evaluates performance for all of its reportable segments based on segment operating income (loss) from operations.

For all of its reportable segments, the CODM uses segment operating income (loss) to allocate resources (including employees, property, and financial or capital resources) for each segment, predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis for the income (loss) when making decisions about allocating capital and personnel to the segments. The CODM also uses segment income (loss) to assess the performance for each segment by comparing the results with one another.

Discontinued operations are no t included in the applicable reportable segments.

The following tables reflect the reconciliation of segment revenue and significant segment expenses from continuing operations recon ciled to the consolidated income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and equity method investments:

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
| Produce(4) |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Total |
Sales to external customers | $ | 12,841 |  |  | $ | 46,583 |  |  | $ | 3,337 |  |  | $ | 393 |  |  | $ | 3,587 |  |  | $ | 66,741 |
Cost of sales |  | (10,833 | ) |  |  | (20,628 | ) |  |  | (1,348 | ) |  |  | (66 | ) |  |  | (1,928 | ) |  |  | (34,803 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (9,140 | ) |  |  | (2,425 | ) |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (702 | ) |  |  | (12,506 | )
Segment operating income (loss) | $ | 1,791 |  |  | $ | 16,815 |  |  | $ | (436 | ) |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 19,432 |
Reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to income from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments(1) |
Other expense, net (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (806 | )
Other corporate expenses (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,093 | )
Income from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,533 |

15

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

| For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
| Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Total |
Sales to external customers | $ | 14,340 |  |  | $ | 36,463 |  |  | $ | 3,943 |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,938 |
Cost of sales |  | (12,930 | ) |  |  | (26,864 | ) |  |  | (1,443 | ) |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41,301 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (715 | ) |  |  | (7,983 | ) |  |  | (2,692 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (385 | ) |  |  | (11,776 | )
Segment operating income (loss) | $ | 695 |  |  | $ | 1,616 |  |  | $ | (192 | ) |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | (385 | ) |  | $ | 1,861 |
Reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to loss from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments(1) |
Other income, net (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 181 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |
Other corporate expenses (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,789 | )
Loss from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (747 | )

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
| Produce(4) |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Total |
Sales to external customers | $ | 21,442 |  |  | $ | 125,938 |  |  | $ | 11,082 |  |  | $ | 1,302 |  |  | $ | 6,556 |  |  | $ | 166,320 |
Cost of sales |  | (20,277 | ) |  |  | (70,040 | ) |  |  | (4,064 | ) |  |  | (219 | ) |  |  | (3,260 | ) |  |  | (97,860 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (1,802 | ) |  |  | (26,506 | ) |  |  | (7,405 | ) |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (1,698 | ) |  |  | (37,434 | )
Segment operating (loss) income | $ | (637 | ) |  | $ | 29,392 |  |  | $ | (387 | ) |  | $ | 1,060 |  |  | $ | 1,598 |  |  | $ | 31,026 |
Reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to income from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments(1) |
Other income, net (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,021 |
Other corporate expenses (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,195 | )
Income from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,852 |

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
| Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Total |
Sales to external customers | $ | 22,778 |  |  | $ | 114,654 |  |  | $ | 12,777 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 150,522 |
Cost of sales |  | (22,129 | ) |  |  | (84,842 | ) |  |  | (4,953 | ) |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (112,031 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (2,274 | ) |  |  | (24,436 | ) |  |  | (9,058 | ) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | (1,089 | ) |  |  | (36,895 | )
Segment operating (loss) income | $ | (1,625 | ) |  | $ | 5,376 |  |  | $ | (1,234 | ) |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | (1,089 | ) |  | $ | 1,596 |
Reconciliation of segment operating income (loss) to loss from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments(1) |
Other expense, net (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,238 | )
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11,939 | )
Other corporate expenses (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,976 | )
Loss from continuing operations before taxes and income from equity method investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (21,557 | )

(1)
The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM.
(2)
Other income (expense), net is comprised of interest expense, interest income, foreign exchange (loss) gain, other income (expense).
(3)
Other corporate expenses are comprised of expenses related to centralized corporate functions such as accounting, treasury, information technology, legal, human services, and internal audit expenses.

16

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

(4)
Beginning May 31, 2025, as set forth in the Sales, Marketing & Distribution Agreement, the Company entered into a multi-year supply agreement with Village Fresh to provide them with all of the produce from our Delta greenhouses, as such, Village Fresh is the produce segment's sole customer.

The following tables summarize our interest income, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, other significant noncash items, and expenditures for capital assets by reportable segment:

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
| Produce |  | Cannabis Canada |  | Cannabis U.S. |  | Clean Energy |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  | Segment Totals |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated Totals |
Interest income |  | 1 |  |  | 243 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 244 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 544 |
Interest expense |  | 1,270 |  |  | 892 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,162 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,162 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 3,086 |  |  | 8,231 |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,003 |  |  | 12,465 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 12,572 |
Share based compensation |  | 26 |  |  | 290 |  |  | 72 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 391 |  |  | 891 |  |  | 1,282 |
Other significant noncash items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-cash lease expense |  | 51 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 627 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 740 |  |  | — |  |  | 740 |
Expenditures for segment assets |  | 708 |  |  | 1,943 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,456 |  |  | 7,117 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,117 |

| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
| Produce |  | Cannabis Canada |  | Cannabis U.S. |  | Clean Energy |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  | Segment Totals |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated Totals |
Interest income |  | 3 |  |  | 355 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 358 |  |  | 399 |  |  | 757 |
Interest expense |  | 1,700 |  |  | 878 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,594 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,594 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 2,456 |  |  | 9,221 |  |  | 154 |  |  | — |  |  | 951 |  |  | 12,782 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 12,934 |
Share based compensation |  | — |  |  | 126 |  |  | 66 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192 |  |  | 3,284 |  |  | 3,476 |
Other significant noncash items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-cash lease expense |  | 98 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 430 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 593 |  |  | — |  |  | 593 |
Expenditures for segment assets |  | 792 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,509 |  |  | 5,527 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,527 |

The following tables summarize our total assets by reportable segment:

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Produce |  | $ | 54,730 |  |  | $ | 51,983 |
Cannabis - Canada |  |  | 289,979 |  |  |  | 266,433 |
Cannabis - United States |  |  | 5,530 |  |  |  | 6,728 |
Clean Energy |  |  | 736 |  |  |  | 360 |
Cannabis - Netherlands |  |  | 19,459 |  |  |  | 11,093 |
Total assets for reportable segments |  | $ | 370,434 |  |  | $ | 336,597 |
Corporate |  |  | 47,950 |  |  |  | 7,360 |
Consolidated total assets from continuing operations |  | $ | 418,384 |  |  | $ | 343,957 |

The Company’s primary operations are in the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands. The following tables summarizes our assets by geographic location:

17

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

Total assets from continuing operations |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
United States |  | $ | 38,121 |  |  | $ | 46,922 |
Canada |  |  | 360,804 |  |  |  | 285,942 |
Netherlands |  |  | 19,459 |  |  |  | 11,093 |
|  | $ | 418,384 |  |  | $ | 343,957 |
Long-lived assets from continuing operations |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
United States |  | $ | 29,623 |  |  | $ | 26,930 |
Canada |  |  | 216,144 |  |  |  | 216,061 |
Netherlands |  |  | 15,992 |  |  |  | 9,866 |
|  | $ | 261,759 |  |  | $ | 252,857 |

13. INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated as follows:

|  | Three months ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders from continuing operations |  | $ | 10,493 |  |  | $ | (911 | ) |  | $ | 18,996 |  |  | $ | (22,465 | )
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | (276 | ) |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 11,015 |  |  | $ | (4,756 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average number of common shares - basic |  |  | 113,039 |  |  |  | 111,917 |  |  |  | 112,577 |  |  |  | 111,045 |
Effect of dilutive securities- share-based employee options and awards |  |  | 7,526 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,715 |  |  |  | — |
Weighted average number of common shares - diluted |  |  | 120,565 |  |  |  | 111,917 |  |  |  | 115,292 |  |  |  | 111,045 |
Antidilutive options and awards |  |  | 18,634 |  |  |  | 6,692 |  |  |  | 23,445 |  |  |  | 6,692 |
Net income (loss) per ordinary share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Discontinued operations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | (0.04 | )
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Discontinued operations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | (0.04 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )

18

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

14. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share-based compensation

Share-based compensation expense was $1,014 and $1,282 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $875 and $3,476 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was as follows:

|  | Number of Options |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 6,968,409 |  |  | $ | 3.30 |  |  |  | 6.79 |  |  | $ | 90 |
Granted |  |  | 450,000 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  |  | 4.55 |  |  | $ | — |
Exercised |  |  | (431,831 | ) |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited/expired |  |  | (93,834 | ) |  | $ | 3.39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 6,892,744 |  |  | $ | 3.28 |  |  |  | 5.75 |  |  | $ | 9,535 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 4,592,752 |  |  | $ | 4.44 |  |  |  | 5.42 |  |  | $ | 4,558 |

Restricted shares activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was as follows:

|  | Number of Restricted Stock Grants |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 700,860 |  |  | $ | 0.86 |
Granted |  |  | 2,812,740 |  |  |  | 0.67 |
Vested and issued |  |  | (306,120 | ) |  |  | 0.37 |
Forfeited |  |  | (73,566 | ) |  |  | 0.60 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 3,133,914 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | - |

Share buyback program

On September 29, 2025, the Board of Directors authorized a $10 million share repurchase for up to 5,687,000 of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Such purchases may be made on the open market, in private transactions and/or pursuant to purchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

As of September 30, 2025, there have been no shares purchased since the authorization of the share buyback program.

Warrants

Warrant activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was as follows:

|  | Number of Shares Underlying the Warrants |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 18,350,000 |  |  | $ | 1.65 |  |  |  | 3.50 |
Exercised |  |  | (1,895,100 | ) |  | $ | 1.65 |  |  |  |
Issued |  |  | — |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |
Expired |  |  | — |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 16,454,900 |  |  | $ | 1.65 |  |  |  | 2.75 |

19

VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

(In thousands of United States dollars, except per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)

15. CHANGES IN NON-CASH WORKING CAPITAL ITEMS AND SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Trade receivables |  | $ | (6,910 | ) |  | $ | (1,829 | )
Inventories |  |  | 7,827 |  |  |  | 12,859 |
Lease liabilities |  |  | (691 | ) |  |  | (2,399 | )
Other receivables |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (65 | )
Prepaid expenses and deposits |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | 2,669 |
Trade payables |  |  | (1,472 | ) |  |  | (8,934 | )
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 11,283 |  |  |  | (2,662 | )
Other assets, net of other liabilities |  |  | 3,604 |  |  |  | (3,550 | )
|  | $ | 13,630 |  |  | $ | (3,911 | )

The Company paid income taxes of $27 and $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company paid interest expense of $2,215 and $3,128 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

16. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date the condensed consolidated financial statements were available to be issued.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report and the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (our "Annual Report on Form 10-K"). This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements about our plans and expectations of what may happen in the future. Forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated by our forward-looking statements. We encourage you to review the risks and uncertainties described in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied by our forward-looking statements contained in this report. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this management’s discussion and analysis, and we do not intend, and do not assume any obligation, to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Village Farms International, Inc. (“VFF”, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”, “Village Farms”, “we” “us” or “our”) is a corporation existing under the Business Corporations Act (Ontario). The Company’s principal operating subsidiaries are Pure Sunfarms Corp. (“Pure Sunfarms” or “PSF”), Balanced Health Botanicals, LLC (“Balanced Health”), Rose LifeScience Inc. (“Rose LifeScience” or “Rose”), Leli Holland B. V. (“Leli” or “Leli Holland”), Village Farms Canada Limited Partnership (“VFCLP”), Village Farms L.P. (“VFLP”), and VF Clean Energy, Inc. (“VFCE”).

The Company’s vision is to be recognized as an international leader in consumer products developed from plants, whereby we produce and market value-added products that are consistently preferred by consumers. To do so, we leverage decades of cultivation expertise, investment, and experience in fresh produce into branded and wholesale cannabis products within markets with legally permissible opportunities.

In Canada, we converted two produce facilities to grow cannabis for the Canadian legal adult use (recreational) market. Our focus for our Canadian Cannabis segment is to produce high quality cannabis, leveraging our low-cost production to provide preferred products at an attractive price that address the preferred consumer segments in the market. This market positioning, combined with our cultivation expertise, has enabled us to evolve into the top-five best-selling producer nationally and one of the few Canadian licensed producers with consistently strong operating results.

Additionally, through organic growth, exports and/or acquisitions, we have a strategy to participate in other international markets where cannabis attains legal status. In September 2021, our Canadian Cannabis business began exporting cannabis products to Australia for that country’s medical market. In March 2022, our Canadian Cannabis business received European Union Good Manufacturing Practice (“EU GMP”) certification for Pure Sunfarms’ 1.1 million square foot Delta 3 cannabis facility located in Delta, British Columbia (“B.C.”) which permits Pure Sunfarms to export EU GMP-certified medical cannabis to importers and distributors in international markets that require EU GMP certification. In late 2022, Pure Sunfarms commenced exports to Israel, in 2023 Pure Sunfarms began exporting cannabis products to Germany and the United Kingdom for the medical markets in those countries, and in 2025 it began exporting cannabis products to New Zealand. As a result of the typically higher margins in international medical markets, we expect international expansion to enhance our profitability while expanding our brand and experience into emerging legal cannabis markets.

During September 2024, we completed our acquisition of the remaining 15% equity ownership interest in Leli Holland. Through our ownership of Leli Holland, we hold one of ten licenses to cultivate and distribute cannabis legally in the Netherlands under that country’s Controlled Cannabis Supply Chain Experiment, with sales beginning in the first quarter of 2025.

In the U.S., Balanced Health is our industry-leading cannabinoid business, extending our portfolio into cannabidiol (“CBD”) and hemp-derived consumer products.

We also cultivate tomatoes and market them through Village Farm Fresh (a Vanguard Holdings Company) under the Village Farms Fresh (“VF Fresh”) brand which sells to food distribution companies and mass retail stores.

Our intention is to use our assets, expertise and experience (across cannabis, hemp, CBD and produce ecosystems) to participate in the global cannabis market subject to compliance with all applicable national laws and applicable stock exchange rules.

Our Operating Segments

Canadian Cannabis Segment

Our Canadian Cannabis segment includes wholly owned Pure Sunfarms and an 80% ownership interest in Rose LifeScience.

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Pure Sunfarms is one of the single largest cannabis growing operations in the world, one of the lowest-cost greenhouse producers and one of the leading flower brands in Canada. Pure Sunfarms leverages our 30 years of experience as a vertically integrated greenhouse grower for cannabis growth opportunities in Canada with commercial distribution in all Canadian provinces and territories. Our long-term objective for Pure Sunfarms is to be the leading low-cost, high-quality cannabis producer in Canada.

Rose is one of the top-selling licensed producers of cannabis in the Province of Quebec, as well as a prominent cannabis products commercialization expert in Quebec, acting as the exclusive, direct-to-retail sales, marketing and distribution entity for some of the best-known brands in Canada, as well as Quebec-based micro and craft growers.

Our long-term objective for our Canadian Cannabis segment is to garner and sustain a leading retail market share in Canada, as well as a leading exporter of medicinal cannabis, stemming from our position as a leading low-cost, high-quality cannabis producer in Canada and expand our Canadian success into growing international cannabis markets across the globe by becoming a leading exporter of medicinal cannabis.

Netherlands Cannabis Segment (Leli Holland)

Our Netherlands Cannabis operating segment is comprised of wholly owned subsidiary, Leli Holland. Through Leli, we hold one of ten licenses to cultivate and distribute recreational cannabis legally in the Netherlands under that country’s Closed Supply Chain Experiment program, with sales commencing in February 2025.

U.S. Cannabis Segment

Our U.S. Cannabis segment includes wholly owned subsidiary, Balanced Health.

Balanced Health is one of the leading cannabinoid brands and e-commerce platforms in the United States. Balanced Health develops and sells high-quality CBD and hemp-based health and wellness products, distributing its diverse portfolio of consumer products through its top-ranked e-commerce platform, CBDistillery™.

Produce Segment

Our Produce segment currently consists of VFCLP after the sales transfer with Vanguard Holdings in May 2025.

Through our produce segment, we grow premium-quality, greenhouse-grown tomatoes in Canada. The tomato products are grown in sophisticated, highly intensive agricultural greenhouse facilities located in British Columbia.

On May 30, 2025, the Company closed on the transformative transaction to privatize certain assets and operations of its Produce segment, including its Marfa II and Fort Davis greenhouses, and all of its produce distribution centers, through a series of asset and lease transfers. The Company determined that the assets that had been disposed of met the criteria for discontinued operations presentation. For all periods presented, the operating results associated with the assets disposed of have been reclassified into net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The associated assets and liabilities have been reflected as current and long-term assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position, and the cash flows from the Company’s discontinued operations are presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented. For further information on the Transaction please refer to our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 5, 2025. The information contained within such Form 8-K is incorporated by reference herein.

Clean Energy Segment

Our Clean Energy segment is comprised of wholly owned subsidiary, VF Clean Energy Inc.

VFCE, which has partnered with Terreva Renewables (formerly Mas Energy) for the Delta RNG Project based on VFCE’s 20-year contract (including a five-year option to extend) with the City of Vancouver to capture landfill gas at the Delta, B.C. landfill site (the "Delta RNG Project"). The Delta RNG Project, which commenced operations in 2024, converts VFCE’s landfill gas into high-demand renewable natural gas ("RNG") through a state-of-the-art facility. Terreva Renewables sells the renewable natural gas and VFCE receives a portion of the revenue in the form of a royalty.

Recent Developments and Updates

Canadian Cannabis

•
Company continues to maintain a top five overall market share position in Canada and the number two position in dried flower despite planned reductions in sales of lower-margin SKUs 1;
•
Significantly surpassed the high end of its targeted gross margin range of 30-40%, marking the third consecutive quarter meeting or exceeding the target range, contributing to record quarterly and YTD adjusted EBITDA performance;
•
Introduced several new and unique packaging innovations to the Canadian market, including the launch of a one-way aroma valve built directly into its dried flower packaging, windowed packaging for its flower products which enables

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consumers to see product before purchase, and a proprietary built-in matchbox accessory for its pre-roll offerings to meet growing demand for ready-to-enjoy cannabis experiences
•
Published groundbreaking peer-reviewed research in Scientific Reports (Nature Portfolio), highlighting the natural variability of THC potency within cannabis plants, reinforcing a need for a greater focus on product quality versus potency and more transparent and accurate labeling across the industry; and,
•
Subsequent to quarter end, began expansion of cultivation capacity in its Delta 2 greenhouse to meet increasing demand in Canadian and international export markets. The expansion is being funded with existing cash on hand and is expected to yield an incremental 40 metric tons of annualized cannabis production, expanding capacity by approximately 33%.

1. Based on estimated retail sales from HiFyre, other third parties and provincial boards.

International Medical Cannabis (Reported Within Canadian Cannabis)

•
International export sales increased 758% year-over-year, driven by continued strength of demand in Germany and steady performance across other international markets;
•
Company believes that it remains the largest exporter of medical cannabis to Europe, and that it has gained market share sequentially in Germany in each of the past four quarters 1
•
Company continues to distribute several leading cultivars in Germany through third-party partners 2

1. Based on German government data and Company estimates

2. Based on Company estimates and rankings compiled by German outlet Flowzz

Netherlands Cannabis (Leli Holland)

•
Operations in the Company’s Phase I facility in Drachten have now ramped up to full capacity, while demonstrating strong profitability and cash flow generation;
•
Leli Holland products are now represented in 91% of participating coffeeshops; representing increased market penetration sequentially as compared to the second quarter;
•
The Company has continued to introduce new products into the market, including hash offerings and pre-rolls and it expects to launch additional products for coffeeshops during the fourth quarter;
•
Construction of the Company’s Phase II facility in Groningen remains on track to be operational in Q1 2026. When completed, the Phase II facility is expected to quintuple total annualized production capacity to approximately 10,000 kilograms.

U.S. Cannabis

•
The Company's application for a Texas medicinal marijuana license remains pending review by the Department of Public Services. New license awards are expected to be granted on December 1, 2025. If awarded, the Company plans to work with its listing authority to structure an acceptable ownership structure and comply with all applicable regulatory requirements.

Corporate

•
On September 29, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors unanimously approved a US$10 million share repurchase authorization for up to 5,687,000 common shares (five percent of the Company’s issued and outstanding common shares at the date of announcement).
•
On November 6, 2025, the Company announced the hiring of Brian Ellis to the role of Chief Information and Technology Officer (CITO) to lead the Company’s global technology and information strategy. Mr. Ellis brings over 25 years of enterprise architecture, IT strategy, and large-scale digital transformation experience across various global industries, including roles at Nike, Topgolf Callaway, and Booking.com.

Presentation of Financial Results

Our consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 presented below reflect the operations of our consolidated wholly-owned subsidiaries, our 70% ownership interest in Rose LifeScience through March 31, 2024, our 80% ownership interest in Rose LifeScience beginning on April 1, 2024, our 85% ownership interest in Leli through September 22, 2024, and our 100% ownership interest in Leli beginning on September 23, 2024.

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Foreign currency exchange rates

All currency amounts in this Quarterly Report are stated in U.S. dollars, which is our reporting currency, unless otherwise noted. All references to “dollars” or “$” are to U.S. dollars. The assets and liabilities of our foreign operations are translated into dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of September 30, 2025, September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2024. Transactions affecting the shareholders’ equity (deficit) are translated at historical foreign exchange rates. The condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows of our foreign operations are translated into dollars by applying the average foreign exchange rate in effect for the reporting period.

The exchange rates used to translate from Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars is shown below:

| As of |
| September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Spot rate |  | 0.7185 |  |  |  | 0.7398 |  |  |  | 0.6957 |
Three-month period ended |  | 0.7261 |  |  |  | 0.7331 |  |  | N/A |
Nine-month period ended |  | 0.7151 |  |  |  | 0.7352 |  |  | N/A |

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Financial Performance

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts, and unless otherwise noted)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Sales |  | $ | 66,741 |  |  | $ | 54,938 |  |  | $ | 166,320 |  |  | $ | 150,522 |
Cost of sales |  |  | (34,803 | ) |  |  | (41,301 | ) |  |  | (97,860 | ) |  |  | (112,031 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 31,938 |  |  |  | 13,637 |  |  |  | 68,460 |  |  |  | 38,491 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | (15,599 | ) |  |  | (14,565 | ) |  |  | (45,629 | ) |  |  | (45,871 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (646 | ) |  |  | (779 | ) |  |  | (2,162 | ) |  |  | (2,594 | )
Interest income |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 229 |  |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | 757 |
Foreign exchange (loss) gain |  |  | (238 | ) |  |  | 352 |  |  |  | 1,470 |  |  |  | (929 | )
Other (loss) income |  |  | (282 | ) |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 4,169 |  |  |  | 528 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,939 | )
Income (loss) before taxes and equity method investment income |  |  | 15,533 |  |  |  | (747 | ) |  |  | 26,852 |  |  |  | (21,557 | )
Provision for income taxes |  |  | (4,717 | ) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (8,203 | ) |  |  | (674 | )
Equity method investment income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  |  | 10,816 |  |  |  | (841 | ) |  |  | 18,649 |  |  |  | (22,231 | )
(Loss) Income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (276 | ) |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 11,015 |  |  |  | (4,756 | )
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  |  | 10,540 |  |  |  | (750 | ) |  |  | 29,664 |  |  |  | (26,987 | )
Less: net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax |  |  | (323 | ) |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | (234 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 10,217 |  |  | $ | (820 | ) |  | $ | 30,011 |  |  | $ | (27,221 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations |  | $ | 20,686 |  |  | $ | 4,675 |  |  | $ | 41,246 |  |  | $ | 8,505 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  |  | (398 | ) |  |  | 627 |  |  |  | (7,617 | ) |  |  | (3,171 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (1) |  | $ | 20,288 |  |  | $ | 5,302 |  |  | $ | 33,629 |  |  | $ | 5,334 |
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Discontinued operations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0.10 |  |  |  | (0.04 | )
Basic income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Discontinued operations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | (0.04 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 0.08 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | (0.25 | )

(1)
Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized earnings measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company because it excludes non-recurring and other items that do not reflect our business performance. Adjusted EBITDA includes the Company’s 70% interest in Rose LifeScience through March 31, 2024, 80% interest in Rose LifeScience beginning on April 1, 2024, 85% interest in Leli through September 22, 2024, and our 100% interest in Leli beginning on September 23, 2024.

We caution that our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 may not be indicative of our future performance.

Discussion of Financial Results

A discussion of our consolidated results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is included below. The consolidated results include all five of our operating segments: Canadian Cannabis, U. S. Cannabis, Cannabis Netherlands,

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Produce, and Clean Energy, along with public company expenses. For a discussion of our segmented results, please see “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

Sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $66,741 compared with $54,938 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $11,803, or 21%, was primarily due to an increase in Canadian Cannabis sales of $10,120 due to the growth of our international business, and first year sales from Leli of $3,587, partially offset by a decrease in Produce sales of $1,499, due to a commission charged on produce sales as a result of the supply agreement with Vanguard Food LP., and a decrease in U.S. Cannabis sales of $606. For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $34,803 compared with $41,301 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $6,498, or 16%, was primarily due to a decrease in Canadian Cannabis cost of sales of $6,236, a decrease in U.S. Cannabis cost of sales of $95, and a decrease in Produce cost of sales of $2,097, partially offset by the cost of first year sales of Leli of $1,928. For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $31,938 compared with $13,637 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $18,301, or 134%, was primarily due to an increase in gross profit in Canadian Cannabis of $16,356, the gross profit on first year sales from Leli of $1,659, and an increase in gross profit in Produce of $598. For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $15,599 (23% of sales) compared with $14,565 (27% of sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2024. For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 14,585 |  |  | $ | 13,690 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 1,014 |  |  |  | 875 |
Total selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 15,599 |  |  | $ | 14,565 |

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $646 compared with $779 for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and was $360 compared with $229 for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Other (Loss) Income

Other loss for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $282 compared with other income of $379 for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Income (Loss) Before Taxes and Equity Method Investment Income

Income before taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $15,533 compared with a loss before taxes of $747 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The change of $16,280 was primarily due to the improved gross profit.

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net consists of the following:

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | (276 | ) |  | $ | 91 |
Net (loss) income from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | (276 | ) |  | $ | 91 |

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Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. Shareholders

Net income attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $10,217 compared with a net loss of $820 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $11,037 was primarily due to the improved gross margin, partially offset by an increase in the provision for income taxes of $4,623.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $20,288 compared with $5,302 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $14,986, or 283%, was driven primarily by higher margins in Canadian Cannabis. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA”.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

Sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $166,320 compared with $150,522 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $15,798, or 10%, was primarily due to an increase in Canadian Cannabis sales of $11,284, first year sales from Leli of $6,556, and an increase in Produce sales of $1,336, partially offset by a decrease in U.S. Cannabis sales of $1,695, For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $97,860 compared with $112,031 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $14,171, or 13%, was primarily due to a decrease in Canadian Cannabis cost of sales of $14,802, a decrease in Produce cost of sales of $1,852, and a decrease in U.S. Cannabis cost of sales of $889, partially offset by the cost of first year sales on Leli of $3,260. For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $68,460 compared with $38,491 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $29,969, or 78%, was primarily due to an increase in gross profit in Canadian Cannabis of $26,086, and gross margin on the first year sales of Leli of $3,296, partially offset by a decrease in gross profit in U.S. Cannabis of $806. For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $45,629 (27% of sales) compared with $45,871 (30% of sales) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. For additional information, refer to “Segmented Results of Operations” below.

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 44,347 |  |  | $ | 42,395 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | 3,476 |
Total selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 45,629 |  |  | $ | 45,871 |

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $2,162 compared with $2,594 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $432 or 17%, was due to a decrease in the overall borrowing base and a decrease in the interest rates on the Company's various debt instruments.

Interest Income

Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and was $544 compared with $757 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $4,169 compared with other expense of $528 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Other income was primarily due to favorable vendor settlements relating to the partial recovery of operational losses from the Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus ("ToBRFV") infestation.

Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairments

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets Impairments for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $0 compared to $11,939 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The impairment in the prior year period was primarily related to the U.S. Cannabis reporting unit as a result of recent historical performance which underperformed relative to budget, a revised June 30, 2024 forecast which resulted in a shortfall compared to the March 31, 2024 forecast, the new restrictions on CBD sales in an additional eight states at July 1, 2024, and the proliferation of unregulated hemp-derived products on the market which continues to challenge market share for the CBD industry.

Income (Loss) Before Taxes and Equity Method Investment Income

Income before taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $26,852 compared with a loss before taxes of $21,557 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The improvement of $48,409 was primarily due to the improved gross margins and a favorable vendor settlement during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and an impairment charge of $11,939 during the nine months ended September, 2024.

Income (Loss) From Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net consists of the following:

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | (8,970 | ) |  | $ | (4,756 | )
Gain on sale of assets, net of tax |  |  | 19,985 |  |  |  | — |
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | 11,015 |  |  | $ | (4,756 | )

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. Shareholders

Net income attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders for nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $30,011 compared with a net loss of $27,221 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change of $57,232 was primarily due to the higher gross margin during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a favorable vendor settlement during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an improvement on income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $15,771, which includes the gain on sale, net of tax, of $19,985, and an impairment charge of $11,939 during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $33,629 compared with $5,334 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $28,295, or 530%, was due primarily to higher margins in Canadian Cannabis and the favorable vendor settlement in Produce. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA”.

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SEGMENTED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts, and unless otherwise noted)

| For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
| Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Sales | $ | 12,841 |  |  | $ | 46,583 |  |  | $ | 3,337 |  |  | $ | 393 |  |  | $ | 3,587 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66,741 |
Cost of sales |  | (10,833 | ) |  |  | (20,628 | ) |  |  | (1,348 | ) |  |  | (66 | ) |  |  | (1,928 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (34,803 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (217 | ) |  |  | (9,140 | ) |  |  | (2,425 | ) |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (702 | ) |  |  | (3,093 | ) |  |  | (15,599 | )
Other (expense) income, net |  | (465 | ) |  |  | (328 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | (806 | )
Income (loss) before taxes and equity method investment income |  | 1,326 |  |  |  | 16,487 |  |  |  | (439 | ) |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 913 |  |  |  | (3,059 | ) |  |  | 15,533 |
Provision for income taxes |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (4,486 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | (123 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,717 | )
Equity method investment income, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | 12,001 |  |  |  | (439 | ) |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 790 |  |  |  | (3,059 | ) |  |  | 10,816 |
Loss from discontinued operations net of tax |  | (276 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (276 | )
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  | 1,024 |  |  |  | 12,001 |  |  |  | (439 | ) |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 790 |  |  |  | (3,059 | ) |  |  | 10,540 |
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | (323 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (323 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,024 |  |  | $ | 11,678 |  |  | $ | (439 | ) |  | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | (3,059 | ) |  | $ | 10,217 |
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 2,479 |  |  | $ | 19,310 |  |  | $ | (332 | ) |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 1,265 |  |  | $ | (2,341 | ) |  | $ | 20,686 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | (398 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (398 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | 2,081 |  |  | $ | 19,310 |  |  | $ | (332 | ) |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 1,265 |  |  | $ | (2,341 | ) |  | $ | 20,288 |
Basic income (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.09 |
Basic income per share from discontinued operations | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Basic income (loss) per share | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.09 |
Diluted income (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.09 |
Diluted income per share from discontinued operations | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Diluted income (loss) per share | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.09 |

29

| For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
| Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Sales | $ | 14,340 |  |  | $ | 36,463 |  |  | $ | 3,943 |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,938 |
Cost of sales |  | (12,930 | ) |  |  | (26,864 | ) |  |  | (1,443 | ) |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (41,301 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (715 | ) |  |  | (7,983 | ) |  |  | (2,692 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (385 | ) |  |  | (2,789 | ) |  |  | (14,565 | )
Other expense, net |  | (383 | ) |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 410 |  |  |  | 181 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Income (loss) before taxes and equity method investment income |  | 312 |  |  |  | 1,600 |  |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | (385 | ) |  |  | (2,379 | ) |  |  | (747 | )
(Provision for) recovery of income taxes |  | (27 | ) |  |  | (308 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (94 | )
Equity method investment income, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  | 285 |  |  |  | 1,292 |  |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | (2,377 | ) |  |  | (841 | )
Income from discontinued operations net of tax |  | 91 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 91 |
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  | 376 |  |  |  | 1,292 |  |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | (2,377 | ) |  |  | (750 | )
Less: net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | (124 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (70 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | 376 |  |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | (192 | ) |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | (92 | ) |  | $ | (2,377 | ) |  | $ | (820 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 1,704 |  |  | $ | 4,752 |  |  | $ | (159 | ) |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | (1,881 | ) |  | $ | 4,675 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | 627 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 627 |
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | 2,331 |  |  | $ | 4,752 |  |  | $ | (159 | ) |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | (1,881 | ) |  | $ | 5,302 |
Basic income (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Basic income per share from discontinued operations | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Basic income (loss) per share | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Diluted income per share from discontinued operations | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Diluted income (loss) per share | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.02 | ) |  | $ | (0.01 | )

30

| For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
| Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Sales | $ | 21,442 |  |  | $ | 125,938 |  |  | $ | 11,082 |  |  | $ | 1,302 |  |  | $ | 6,556 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 166,320 |
Cost of sales |  | (20,277 | ) |  |  | (70,040 | ) |  |  | (4,064 | ) |  |  | (219 | ) |  |  | (3,260 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (97,860 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (1,802 | ) |  |  | (26,506 | ) |  |  | (7,405 | ) |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (1,698 | ) |  |  | (8,195 | ) |  |  | (45,629 | )
Other income (expense), net |  | 3,478 |  |  |  | (820 | ) |  |  | (220 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 1,627 |  |  |  | 4,021 |
Income (loss) before taxes and equity method investment income |  | 2,841 |  |  |  | 28,572 |  |  |  | (607 | ) |  |  | 1,060 |  |  |  | 1,554 |  |  |  | (6,568 | ) |  |  | 26,852 |
Provision for income taxes |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (7,720 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (286 | ) |  |  | (171 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8,203 | )
Equity method investment income, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  | 2,815 |  |  |  | 20,852 |  |  |  | (607 | ) |  |  | 774 |  |  |  | 1,383 |  |  |  | (6,568 | ) |  |  | 18,649 |
Income from discontinued operations net of tax |  | 11,015 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,015 |
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  | 13,830 |  |  |  | 20,852 |  |  |  | (607 | ) |  |  | 774 |  |  |  | 1,383 |  |  |  | (6,568 | ) |  |  | 29,664 |
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | 347 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 347 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 13,830 |  |  | $ | 21,199 |  |  | $ | (607 | ) |  | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | 1,383 |  |  | $ | (6,568 | ) |  | $ | 30,011 |
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 7,128 |  |  | $ | 37,868 |  |  | $ | (173 | ) |  | $ | 1,060 |  |  | $ | 2,560 |  |  | $ | (7,197 | ) |  | $ | 41,246 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | (7,617 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (7,617 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | (489 | ) |  | $ | 37,868 |  |  | $ | (173 | ) |  | $ | 1,060 |  |  | $ | 2,560 |  |  | $ | (7,197 | ) |  | $ | 33,629 |
Basic income (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.06 | ) |  | $ | 0.17 |
Basic income per share from discontinued operations | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.10 |
Basic income (loss) per share | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.06 | ) |  | $ | 0.27 |
Diluted income (loss) per share from continuing operations | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.06 | ) |  | $ | 0.16 |
Diluted income per share from discontinued operations | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 0.10 |
Diluted income (loss) per share | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (0.06 | ) |  | $ | 0.26 |

31

| For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
| Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Sales | $ | 22,778 |  |  | $ | 114,654 |  |  | $ | 12,777 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 150,522 |
Cost of sales |  | (22,129 | ) |  |  | (84,842 | ) |  |  | (4,953 | ) |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (112,031 | )
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (2,274 | ) |  |  | (24,436 | ) |  |  | (9,058 | ) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | (1,089 | ) |  |  | (8,976 | ) |  |  | (45,871 | )
Other expense (income), net |  | (1,406 | ) |  |  | (687 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (315 | ) |  |  | (2,238 | )
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,939 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (11,939 | )
(Loss) income before taxes and equity method investment income |  | (3,031 | ) |  |  | 4,689 |  |  |  | (13,173 | ) |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | (1,089 | ) |  |  | (9,291 | ) |  |  | (21,557 | )
(Provison for) recovery of income taxes |  | (23 | ) |  |  | (896 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | (674 | )
Equity method investment income, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
(Loss) income from continuing operations |  | (3,054 | ) |  |  | 3,793 |  |  |  | (13,173 | ) |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | (850 | ) |  |  | (9,285 | ) |  |  | (22,231 | )
Loss from discontinued operations net of tax |  | (4,756 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,756 | )
(Loss) income including non-controlling interests |  | (7,810 | ) |  |  | 3,793 |  |  |  | (13,173 | ) |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | (850 | ) |  |  | (9,285 | ) |  |  | (26,987 | )
Less: net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests, net of tax |  | — |  |  |  | (394 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (234 | )
Net (loss) income | $ | (7,810 | ) |  | $ | 3,399 |  |  | $ | (13,173 | ) |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | (690 | ) |  | $ | (9,285 | ) |  | $ | (27,221 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations | $ | 1,180 |  |  | $ | 13,643 |  |  | $ | (1,014 | ) |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | (5,539 | ) |  | $ | 8,505 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | (3,171 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (3,171 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (1) | $ | (1,991 | ) |  | $ | 13,643 |  |  | $ | (1,014 | ) |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | (5,539 | ) |  | $ | 5,334 |
Basic (loss) income per share from continuing operations | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.04 | )
Basic (loss) income per share | $ | (0.07 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.25 | )
Diluted (loss) income per share from continuing operations | $ | (0.03 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.21 | )
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.04 | )
Diluted (loss) income per share | $ | (0.07 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (0.12 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.25 | )

(1)
Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized earnings measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company because it excludes non-recurring and other items that do not reflect our business performance. Adjusted EBITDA includes the Company’s 70% interest in Rose LifeScience through March 31, 2024, 80% interest in Rose LifeScience beginning on April 1, 2024, 85% interest in Leli through September 22, 2024, and our 100% interest in Leli beginning on September 23, 2024.

CANADIAN CANNABIS SEGMENT RESULTS

The Canadian Cannabis segment consists of Pure Sunfarms and Rose LifeScience. The comparative analysis for Canadian Cannabis is based on the consolidated results of Pure Sunfarms and our interest in Rose LifeScience for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Beginning on April 1, 2024, our interest in Rose LifeScience increased from 70% to 80%, which is reflected in the results presented below.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

Canadian Cannabis net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $46,583 compared with $36,463 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $10,120, or 28%, was driven by an increase in international sales of $10,498, primarily driven by continued strength in export volumes to Germany, partially offset by a decrease in net branded sales of $431, reflecting a planned shift away from value-based product offerings.

Canadian Cannabis continues to pay a burdensome excise tax on its branded sales (sales to provincial distributors). For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred excise duties of $15,712 (C$21,647), or 37% of gross branded sales, compared with $17,674 (C$24,109), or 39% of gross branded sales, for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $1,962 (C$2,462), or 11%, was due to a decrease in kilograms sold in the branded channel. The Canadian excise duty is our single largest cost of participating in the branded adult-use market in Canada.

32

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, 58% of net sales were generated from branded flower, pre-rolls and cannabis derivative products compared with 75% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Non-branded, international, and other sales accounted for 42% of Canadian Cannabis net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared with 25% for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

The net average selling price of branded flower and pre-roll formats increased in 2025 compared to 2024. Excluding pre-roll formats, the average net selling price of branded flower increased by 6% in 2025 due to a lower ratio of sales for our value brand Fraser Valley Weed Co. The net average selling price of bulk non-branded flower increased by 45%, due to a reduced need to move aged flower inventory compared to 2024. The net average selling price of International sales decreased by 13% due to a shift in product mix favoring bulk flower over packaged flower.

The following table presents sales by Canadian Cannabis revenue stream, together with the impact of the excise tax, in U.S. dollars and Canadian dollars, for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Branded sales |  | $ | 42,558 |  |  | $ | 44,951 |
Non-branded sales |  |  | 7,344 |  |  |  | 7,402 |
International sales |  |  | 11,858 |  |  |  | 1,360 |
Other |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 424 |
Less: excise taxes |  |  | (15,712 | ) |  |  | (17,674 | )
Net Sales |  | $ | 46,583 |  |  | $ | 36,463 |

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands of Canadian dollars) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Branded sales |  | $ | 58,616 |  |  | $ | 61,317 |
Non-branded sales |  |  | 10,134 |  |  |  | 10,097 |
International sales |  |  | 16,332 |  |  |  | 1,873 |
Other |  |  | 737 |  |  |  | 578 |
Less: excise taxes |  |  | (21,647 | ) |  |  | (24,109 | )
Net Sales |  | $ | 64,172 |  |  | $ | 49,756 |

Cost of Sales

Canadian Cannabis cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $20,628 compared with $26,864 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $6,236, or 23%, was primarily due to a decrease in volume (kilograms) packaged and sold of our branded products and a shift in International sales mix favoring bulk flower which has a lower average cost per gram over packaged flower.

Gross Profit

Canadian Cannabis gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $25,955, a 170% increase compared to $9,599 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Canadian Cannabis gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 56% compared with 26% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in gross margin was due to higher sales volume of bulk flower in International sales, as well as lower sales of value brands within the branded sales category.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Canadian Cannabis selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $9,140, or 20% of sales, compared with $7,983, or 22% of sales, for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Net Income

Canadian Cannabis net income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $11,678 compared with net income of $1,168 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net income was primarily due to the higher margin, partially offset by an increase in the tax provision expense of $4,178.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for Canadian Cannabis for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $19,310 compared with $4,752 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $14,558, or 306%, was primarily due to higher sales at a higher margin. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net (Income) Loss to Adjusted EBITDA”.

33

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

Canadian Cannabis net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $125,938 compared with $114,654 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $11,284, or 10%, was driven by an increase in international sales of $24,871, primarily due to continued strength in export volumes to Germany, partially offset by a decrease in net branded sales, reflecting a shift away from value-based product offerings.

Canadian Cannabis continues to pay a burdensome excise tax on its branded sales (sales to provincial distributors). For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company incurred excise duties of $44,476 (C$62,167), or 37% of gross branded sales, compared with $57,193 (C$77,788), or 40% of gross branded sales, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $12,717 (C$15,621), or 22%, was due to a decrease in kilograms sold in the branded channel and the impact of exchange rate fluctuations. The Canadian excise duty is our single largest cost of participating in the branded adult-use market in Canada.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 59% of net sales were generated from branded flower, pre-rolls and cannabis derivative products compared with 76% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Non-branded, international, and other sales accounted for 41% of Canadian Cannabis net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared with 24% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The net average selling price of branded flower and pre-roll formats increased in 2025 compared to 2024. Excluding pre-roll formats, the average net selling price of branded flower increased by 6% in 2025 due to a lower ratio of sales for our value brand Fraser Valley Weed Co. The net average selling price of bulk non-branded flower increased by 38%, due primarily to a reduced need to move aged flower inventory compared to 2024. The net average selling price of International sales decreased by 10% due to a shift in product mix favoring bulk flower over packaged flower.

The following table presents sales by Canadian Cannabis revenue stream, together with the impact of the excise tax, in U.S. dollars and Canadian dollars, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Branded sales |  | $ | 119,030 |  |  | $ | 144,025 |
Non-branded sales |  |  | 20,715 |  |  |  | 22,147 |
International sales |  |  | 29,226 |  |  |  | 4,355 |
Other |  |  | 1,443 |  |  |  | 1,320 |
Less: excise taxes |  |  | (44,476 | ) |  |  | (57,193 | )
Net Sales |  | $ | 125,938 |  |  | $ | 114,654 |

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands of Canadian dollars) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Branded sales |  | $ | 166,342 |  |  | $ | 195,906 |
Non-branded sales |  |  | 28,756 |  |  |  | 30,143 |
International sales |  |  | 40,646 |  |  |  | 5,953 |
Other |  |  | 2,014 |  |  |  | 1,796 |
Less: excise taxes |  |  | (62,167 | ) |  |  | (77,788 | )
Net Sales |  | $ | 175,591 |  |  | $ | 156,010 |

Cost of Sales

Canadian Cannabis cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $70,040 compared with $84,842 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $14,802, or 17%, was primarily due to a decrease in volume (kilograms) packaged and sold of our branded and non-branded products and a shift in International sales mix favoring bulk flower which has a lower average cost per gram over packaged flower.

Gross Profit

Canadian Cannabis gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $55,898, a 88% increase compared to $29,812 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Canadian Cannabis gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 44% compared with 26% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in gross margin was due to higher sales volume of bulk flower in International sales, as well as lower sales of value brands within the branded sales category.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Canadian Cannabis selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $26,506, or 21%, of sales compared with $24,436, or 21%, of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $2,070 was primarily due to higher commercial and marketing expenses and incremental integration costs.

Net Income

Canadian Cannabis net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $21,199 compared with net income of $3,399 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in net income was primarily due to the improved margins, partially offset by an increase in the tax provision expense of $6,824 and an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for Canadian Cannabis for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $37,868 compared with $13,643 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $24,225, or 178%, was primarily due to the higher margin. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA”.

U.S. CANNABIS SEGMENT RESULTS

The U.S. Cannabis segment consists of Balanced Health. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, U.S. Cannabis financial results are based on the results of Balanced Health.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

U.S. Cannabis net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $3,337 compared with $3,943 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $606, or 15%, was primarily due to lower direct-to-consumer sales resulting from the proliferation of unregulated hemp-derived products on the market and changes in state regulations restricting sales. All U.S. Cannabis sales were generated in the United States, with gross sales composed of 94% e-commerce sales and 6% retail sales.

Cost of Sales

U.S. Cannabis cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,348 compared with $1,443 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $95, or 7%, was primarily due to lower sales.

Gross Profit

U.S Cannabis gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $511, or 20%, to $1,989, or a 60% gross margin, compared with $2,500, or a 63% gross margin, for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

U.S. Cannabis selling general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $2,425 compared with $2,692 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $267, or 10%, was due to more efficient marketing and brand spending as well as favorable contract renegotiations.

Net Loss

U.S. Cannabis net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $439 compared with a net loss of $192 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $247 was primarily due to lower sales at a lower margin.

Adjusted EBITDA

U.S. Cannabis adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was ($332) compared with ($159) for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $173 was primarily due lower sales at a lower margin . For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA”.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

U.S. Cannabis net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $11,082 compared with $12,777 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $1,695, or 13%, was primarily due to new restrictions on sales in an additional eight states beginning July 1, 2024 and lower direct-to-consumer sales resulting from the proliferation of unregulated hemp-derived products on the market. All U.S. Cannabis sales were generated in the United States, with gross sales composed of 94% e-commerce sales and 6% retail sales.

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Cost of Sales

U.S. Cannabis cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $4,064 compared with $4,953 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $889, or 18%, was primarily due to lower sales and cost efficiencies from the internalization of our gummy manufacturing.

Gross Profit

U.S Cannabis gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased $806, or 10%, to $7,018, or a 63% gross margin, compared with $7,824, or a 61% gross margin, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

U.S. Cannabis selling general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $7,405 compared with $9,058 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $1,653, or 18%, is due to more efficient marketing and brand spending as well as favorable contract renegotiations.

Net Loss

U.S. Cannabis net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $607 compared with a net loss of $13,173 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease of $12,566 was primarily due to an impairment charge on goodwill and intangible assets taken in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 of ($11,939) that did not recur in 2025.

Adjusted EBITDA

U.S. Cannabis adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was ($173) compared with ($1,014) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The improvement of $841 was primarily due to the lower selling, general, and administrative expenses. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA”.

NETHERLANDS CANNABIS SEGMENT RESULTS

The Netherlands Cannabis segment consists of Leli Holland. Leli Holland commenced sales during the first quarter of 2025. Leli Holland was not operational during the comparable periods of 2024 and, as a result, comparative financial performance to the prior-year periods is not meaningful.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

Sales

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $3,587.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,928.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,659, or a 46% gross margin.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $702.

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $790.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,265.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Sales

Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $6,556.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $3,260.

Gross Profit

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Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $3,296, or a 50% gross margin.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $1,698.

Net Income

Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,383.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $2,560.

PRODUCE SEGMENT RESULTS

The produce segment consists of VFCLP. Produce’s comparative analysis are based on the consolidated results from continuing operations of VFLP and VFCLP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

Produce sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 were $12,841 compared with $14,340 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $1,499, or 10%, due to a commission charged on produce sales as a result of the supply agreement with Vanguard Food LP.

Cost of Sales

Produce cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $2,097, or 16%, to $10,833 compared with $12,930 for the three months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to a reduction in labor costs and favorable utility rates over the prior year.

Gross Profit

Produce gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $2,008 compared with a gross profit of $1,410 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Gross margin for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was 16% compared with 10% for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Produce selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $498, or 70%, to $217 (2% of sales) compared with $715 (5% of sales) for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Net Income From Continuing Operations

Produce net income from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,300 compared with net income from continuing operations of $285 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The change of $1,015 was primarily due to the improved margins and the lower SG&A.

Net Income

Produce net income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,024 compared with net income of $376 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The increase of $648 was primarily due to the improved margins and the lower SG&A.

Adjusted EBITDA

Produce Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was $2,081 compared with $2,331 for the three months ended September 30, 2024. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net (Income) Loss to Adjusted EBITDA”.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Sales

Produce sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 were $21,442 compared with $22,778 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, a decrease of $1,336, or 6% due to a commission charged on produce sales as a result of the supply agreement with Vanguard Food LP.

Cost of Sales

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Produce cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $1,852, or 8%, to $20,277 compared with $22,129 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to favorable utility rates over the prior year.

Gross Profit

Produce gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $1,165 compared with $649 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was 5% compared with 3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Produce selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased by $472, or 21%, to $1,802 (8% of sales) compared with $2,274 (10% of sales) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Net Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations

Produce net income from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $2,815 compared with a net loss from continuing operations of $3,054 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change of $5,869 was primarily attributable to a favorable vendor settlements relating to the partial recovery of prior period operational losses from the ToBRFV infestation.

Net Income (Loss)

Produce net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $13,830 compared with a net loss of $7,810 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change of $21,640 was primarily attributable to an improvement on income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax of $15,771 and a favorable vendor settlement relating to the partial recovery of operational losses from the ToBRFV infestation.

Adjusted EBITDA

Produce Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was ($489) compared with ($1,991) for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change of $1,502 in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to an improvement in Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations as a result of a favorable vendor settlement, partially offset by a decrease in Adjusted EBITDA from discontinued operations due to poor performance of the Texas Greenhouses in the first half of 2025. For additional information, refer to the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss) in “Non-GAAP Measures—Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA”.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Capital Resources

At September 30, 2025, cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash were $87,561 and working capital was $100,219, compared with cash and cash equivalents of $24,631 and working capital of $53,800 at December 31, 2024. We believe that our existing cash, cash generated from our operating activities and the availability under our Pure Sunfarms Revolving Credit Facility, will provide us with sufficient liquidity to meet our working capital needs, repayments of our long-term debt and future contractual obligations and fund our planned capital expenditures for the next 12 months. An additional potential source of liquidity is access to capital markets for additional equity or debt financing. We intend to use our cash on hand for daily operational funding requirements.

(in thousands of U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted) |  | Maximum Availability |  |  | Outstanding as of September 30, 2025 |
FCC Term Loan |  | $ |  | 16,345 |  |  | $ |  | 16,345 |
Pure Sunfarms Term Loan Facility |  | $ |  | 18,249 |  |  | $ |  | 18,249 |
Pure Sunfarm Revolving Credit Facility |  | C$ |  | 10,000 |  |  | $ |  | — |

The Company is required to comply with financial covenants. At December 31, 2024, the Company was not in compliance with financial covenants related to the fixed charge coverage ratio under the FCC Term Loan (as defined below) and the PSF Term Loan (as defined below), for which the Company received waivers. The covenants were reinstated at the end of the first quarter for the PSF Term Loan and at the end of the fiscal year for the FCC Term Loan. On April 10, 2025, the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “A&R Credit Agreement”) with FCC as the lender, which amended and restated the FCC Term Loan. Among other things, the A&R Credit Agreement replaced the current financial covenants with more favorable financial covenants . Under the Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities entered into on April 17, 2025, the Company is also required to maintain certain financial covenants. We can provide no assurance that we will be in compliance, or receive a waiver, for any non-compliance of the financial covenants. See “Risk Factors—Business and Operational Risk Factors—We are subject to restrictive covenants under our Credit Facilities” in our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Accrued interest payable on the Credit Facilities and Pure Sunfarms Loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $183 and $271, respectively. These amounts are included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

FCC Term Loan

The Company has a term loan financing agreement with Farm Credit Canada ("FCC"), a Canadian creditor (the “FCC Term Loan”). The non-revolving variable rate term loan has a maturity date of May 3, 2027 and a balance of $16,345 on September 30, 2025 and $20,821 on December 31, 2024. The outstanding balance is repayable by way of monthly installments of principal and interest, with the balance and any accrued interest to be paid in full on May 3, 2027. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, borrowings under the FCC Term Loan agreement were subject to an interest rate of 7.87% and 8.12% per annum, respectively.

As collateral for the FCC Term Loan, the Company has provided promissory notes, a first mortgage on the VFF-owned Delta 1 and Monahans greenhouses, and general security agreements over its assets. In addition, the Company has provided full recourse guarantees and has granted security interests in respect of the FCC Term Loan. The carrying value of the assets and securities pledged as collateral as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $98,423 and $101,068, respectively.

On April 10, 2025, the Company entered into the A&R Credit Agreement with respect to the FCC Term Loan. Among other things, the A&R Credit Agreement (i) adds the Company as a new borrower, (ii) adds VF Clean Energy, Inc. as a new guarantor, and (iii) replaces the fixed charged ratio covenant with a more favorable liquidity ratio covenant.

Pure Sunfarms Loans

On April 17, 2025, the Company entered into a secured credit facility with a Canadian chartered bank as administrative agent with an aggregate borrowing capacity of C$37.4 million, consisting of a maximum C$10.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Pure Sunfarms Revolving Credit Facility”), and a C$27.4 million term loan facility (the “Pure Sunfarms Term Loan Facility”, and collectively with the Pure Sunfarms Revolving Credit Facility, the “Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities”). The Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities are secured by the Delta 2 and Delta 3 greenhouse facilities. The Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities will be used for working capital and other general corporate purposes, and was used to replace, and repay remaining outstanding balances on, the Company’s (i) Pure Sunfarms Loans and (ii) the PSF Revolving Line of Credit. The credit and guarantee agreements related to the Pure Sunfarms Loans and the PSF Revolving Line of Credit were likewise terminated.

The Pure Sunfarms Revolving Credit Facility can be drawn for advances of up to C$10.0 million. The outstanding amount of the Pure Sunfarms Term Loan Facility was $18,249 as of September 30, 2025 and is repayable, on a quarterly basis, in an amount equal to C$1.0 million. Any amount remaining unpaid will be due and payable in full on the maturity date, which is on February 7, 2028.

The loans under the Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities accrue interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, (a) the Canadian Prime Rate plus the applicable margin, or (b) the Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average plus the applicable margin. The applicable margin for the Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facility is determined based upon the leverage ratio.

The Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities also contain customary covenants, customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants, financial covenants and events of default.

Pure Sunfarms had a credit facility with the Business Development Bank of Canada (the "BDC Facility"), a non-revolving credit facility (the “PSF Non-Revolving Facility”) and a term loan (the “PSF Term Loan”) with two Canadian chartered banks (collectively, with the BDC Facility, the PSF Non-Revolving Facility, and the PSF Term Loan the “Pure Sunfarms Loans”). In addition, Pure Sunfarms has a revolving line of credit (the “PSF Revolving Line of Credit”) with a Canadian chartered bank. As described below, on April 17, 2025, Pure Sunfarms replaced the Pure Sunfarms Loans and the PSF Revolving Line of Credit with the Pure Sunfarms Secured Credit Facilities (as defined below).

The PSF Revolving Line of Credit could be drawn for advances of up to C$15,000 and had an outstanding balance of $0 as of December 31, 2024. Interest under the PSF Revolving Line of Credit was payable at the Canadian prime rate plus an applicable margin per annum, payable monthly.

The outstanding amount on the PSF Non-Revolving Facility was $6,262 on December 31, 2024. Interest under the PSF Non-Revolving Facility was payable at the Canadian prime rate plus an applicable margin per annum.

The outstanding amount on the PSF Term Loan was $10,436 on December 31, 2024. Interest under the PSF Term Loan was payable at the Canadian prime rate plus an applicable margin per annum.

The outstanding amount under the BDC Facility, a demand loan included in current liabilities was $3,043 on December 31, 2024. Interest under the BDC Facility was payable at an interest rate of 8.70%, payable monthly.

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Summary of Cash Flows

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in Thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash, beginning of period |  | $ | 24,631 |  |  | $ | 35,291 |
Net cash flow provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  | 46,710 |  |  |  | 2,803 |
Investing activities |  |  | (7,117 | ) |  |  | (5,607 | )
Financing activities |  |  | (3,611 | ) |  |  | (8,118 | )
Discontinued operations |  |  | 28,845 |  |  |  | 4,519 |
Net cash increase (decrease) for the period |  |  | 64,827 |  |  |  | (6,403 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  |  | (1,897 | ) |  |  | (192 | )
Cash, end of the period |  | $ | 87,561 |  |  | $ | 28,696 |

Operating Activities - Continuing Operations

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, cash provided by (used in) operating activities were $46,710 and $2,803, respectively. The operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 consisted of $13,630 in changes in non-cash working capital items and $33,080 in changes before non-cash working capital items, while operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of ($3,911) in changes in non-cash working capital items and $6,714 in changes before non-cash working capital items. The improvement when comparing the change in before non-cash working capital items for 2025 with 2024 was primarily due to improvements in Canadian Cannabis gross margins in 2025 compared with 2024.

Investing Activities - Continuing Operations

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, cash used in investing activities were ($7,117) and ($5,607), respectively. The increase in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to capital expenditures made for the Leli Phase II indoor cultivation facility in the town of Groningen.

Financing Activities - Continuing Operations

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, cash used in financing activities were ($3,611) and ($8,118), respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, cash used in financing activities consisted of debt repayments of ($6,612), partially offset by $3,544 in proceeds from the exercise of warrants and options. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, cash flows used in financing activities consisted of debt repayments of ($4,301) and cash used for the acquisition of an additional 10% ownership of Rose LifeScience of ($3,817).

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We expect to meet our contractual obligations and commitments using our working capital and our other resources described under “Capital Resources” above. Other than with respect to our long-term debt described above and our Canadian and Netherlands expansion projects, we currently do not have any material cash requirements in the near future.

Non-GAAP Measures

References in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis to “Adjusted EBITDA” are to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), as further adjusted to exclude foreign currency exchange gains and losses, share-based compensation, gains and losses on asset sales and the other adjustments set forth in the table below. In addition, we present below “Adjusted EBITDA – Constant Currency” which excludes the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations. See “—Constant Currency” below. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA - Constant Currency are measures of operating performance that are not recognized under GAAP and do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Investors are cautioned that our non-GAAP measures should not be construed as an alternative to net income or loss determined in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of our performance. Our non-GAAP measures are used as additional measures to evaluate the operating and financial performance of our segments. Management believes that our non-GAAP measures are important measures in evaluating the historical performance of the Company because it excludes non-recurring and other items that do not reflect our business performance.

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Reconciliation of Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA

The following table reflects a reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by the Company:

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations |  | $ | 10,493 |  |  | $ | (911 | ) |  | $ | 18,996 |  |  | $ | (22,465 | )
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization and depreciation |  |  | 4,162 |  |  |  | 4,578 |  |  |  | 12,572 |  |  |  | 12,934 |
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | (358 | ) |  |  | (1,537 | ) |  |  | 766 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 286 |  |  |  | 550 |  |  |  | 1,618 |  |  |  | 1,837 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 4,717 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 8,203 |  |  |  | 674 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 1,014 |  |  |  | 875 |  |  |  | 1,282 |  |  |  | 3,476 |
Deferred financing fees |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 10 |
Goodwill and intangible impairments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,939 |
Other impairments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | — |
Adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | (242 | ) |  |  | (153 | ) |  |  | (184 | ) |  |  | (666 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations |  |  | 20,686 |  |  |  | 4,675 |  |  |  | 41,246 |  |  |  | 8,505 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  |  | (398 | ) |  |  | 627 |  |  |  | (7,617 | ) |  |  | (3,171 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (1) |  | $ | 20,288 |  |  | $ | 5,302 |  |  | $ | 33,629 |  |  | $ | 5,334 |

(1)
Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized earnings measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA presented for these segments may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company because it excludes non-recurring and other items that do not reflect the underlying business performance of the Company.

Reconciliation of Segmented Net Income (Loss) to Adjusted EBITDA

The following table reflects a reconciliation of segmented net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA, as presented by the Company:

| For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) | Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 1,300 |  |  | $ | 11,678 |  |  | $ | (439 | ) |  | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | (3,059 | ) |  | $ | 10,493 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization and depreciation |  | 813 |  |  |  | 2,928 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 4,162 |
Foreign currency exchange (gain) loss |  | (12 | ) |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 224 |
Interest expense, net |  | 345 |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (251 | ) |  |  | 286 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 26 |  |  |  | 4,486 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,717 |
Share-based compensation |  | 7 |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 727 |  |  |  | 1,014 |
Deferred financing fees |  | — |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32 |
Adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  |  |  | (242 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (242 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations |  | 2,479 |  |  |  | 19,310 |  |  |  | (332 | ) |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 1,265 |  |  |  | (2,341 | ) |  |  | 20,686 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | (398 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (398 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (2) | $ | 2,081 |  |  | $ | 19,310 |  |  | $ | (332 | ) |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | 1,265 |  |  | $ | (2,341 | ) |  | $ | 20,288 |

41

| For The Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) | Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | (192 | ) |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | (92 | ) |  | $ | (2,377 | ) |  | $ | (911 | )
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization and depreciation |  | 817 |  |  |  | 3,341 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 324 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 4,578 |
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) |  | 20 |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (350 | ) |  |  | (358 | )
Interest expense, net |  | 555 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (63 | ) |  |  | 550 |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes |  | 27 |  |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (241 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 94 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 863 |  |  |  | 875 |
Adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (153 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations |  | 1,704 |  |  |  | 4,752 |  |  |  | (159 | ) |  |  | 313 |  |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (1,881 | ) |  |  | 4,675 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | 627 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 627 |
Adjusted EBITDA (2) | $ | 2,331 |  |  | $ | 4,752 |  |  | $ | (159 | ) |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | (1,881 | ) |  | $ | 5,302 |

| For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) | Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 2,815 |  |  | $ | 21,199 |  |  | $ | (607 | ) |  | $ | 774 |  |  | $ | 1,383 |  |  | $ | (6,568 | ) |  | $ | 18,996 |
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization and depreciation |  | 3,086 |  |  |  | 8,231 |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,003 |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 12,572 |
Foreign currency exchange gain |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (116 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,327 | ) |  |  | (1,537 | )
Interest expense, net |  | 1,269 |  |  |  | 649 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (300 | ) |  |  | 1,618 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 26 |  |  |  | 7,720 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 286 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,203 |
Share-based compensation |  | 26 |  |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 891 |  |  |  | 1,282 |
Deferred financing fees |  | — |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 79 |
Other impairments |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 217 |
Adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  |  |  | (184 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (184 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations |  | 7,128 |  |  |  | 37,868 |  |  |  | (173 | ) |  |  | 1,060 |  |  |  | 2,560 |  |  |  | (7,197 | ) |  |  | 41,246 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | (7,617 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,617 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (2) | $ | (489 | ) |  | $ | 37,868 |  |  | $ | (173 | ) |  | $ | 1,060 |  |  | $ | 2,560 |  |  | $ | (7,197 | ) |  | $ | 33,629 |

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| For The Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
(in thousands of U.S. dollars) | Produce |  |  | Cannabis Canada |  |  | Cannabis U.S. |  |  | Clean Energy |  |  | Cannabis Netherlands |  |  | Corporate |  |  | Total |
Net (loss) income from continuing operations | $ | (3,054 | ) |  | $ | 3,399 |  |  | $ | (13,173 | ) |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | (690 | ) |  | $ | (9,285 | ) |  | $ | (22,465 | )
Add: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization and depreciation |  | 2,456 |  |  |  | 9,221 |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 951 |  |  |  | 152 |  |  |  | 12,934 |
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain) |  | 58 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 714 |  |  |  | 766 |
Interest expense, net |  | 1,697 |  |  |  | 524 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (400 | ) |  |  | 1,837 |
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes |  | 23 |  |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (241 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | 674 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,284 |  |  |  | 3,476 |
Deferred financing fees |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10 |
Goodwill and intangible impairments (1) |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,939 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,939 |
Adjustments attributable to non-controlling interest |  | — |  |  |  | (527 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (139 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (666 | )
Adjusted EBITDA from continuing operations |  | 1,180 |  |  |  | 13,643 |  |  |  | (1,014 | ) |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | (119 | ) |  |  | (5,539 | ) |  |  | 8,505 |
Adjustments attributable to discontinued operations |  | (3,171 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,171 | )
Adjusted EBITDA (2) | $ | (1,991 | ) |  | $ | 13,643 |  |  | $ | (1,014 | ) |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | (5,539 | ) |  | $ | 5,334 |

(1)
Reflects impairment to goodwill and intangibles of $11,939 in U.S. Cannabis that was based on recent historical performance, near-term forecasts, and the state of the CBD industry in the United States. See “Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments” below for more information.
(2)
Adjusted EBITDA is not a recognized earnings measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA presented for these segments may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company because it excludes non-recurring and other items that do not reflect the underlying business performance of the Company.

Adjusted EBITDA – Constant Currency

To supplement the consolidated financial statements presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we have presented constant currency adjusted financial measures for sales, cost of sales, selling, general and administrative, other income (expense), income (loss) from continuing operations, income (loss) from consolidated entities, net income (loss), and Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, which are considered non-GAAP financial measures. We present constant currency information to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying operations performed excluding the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations. To present this information, current and comparative prior period income statement results in currencies other than U.S. dollars are converted into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates from the three month comparative period in 2024 rather than the actual average exchange rates in effect during the current period. All growth comparisons relate to the corresponding period in 2024. We have provided this non-GAAP financial information to aid investors in better understanding the performance of our segments without taking into account the effect of exchange rate fluctuations. The non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Quarterly Report should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, the measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The tables below set forth certain measures of consolidated results from continuing operations on a constant currency basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 on an as reported and constant currency basis (in thousands):

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| As Reported |  |  | As Adjusted for Constant Currency |
| For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | As Reported Change |  |  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Constant Currency Change |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |  |  | 2025 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Sales | $ | 66,741 |  |  | $ | 54,938 |  |  | $ | 11,803 |  |  |  | 21 | % |  | $ | 67,190 |  |  | $ | 12,252 |  |  |  | 22 | %
Cost of sales |  | (34,803 | ) |  |  | (41,301 | ) |  |  | 6,498 |  |  |  | 16 | % |  |  | (35,002 | ) |  |  | 6,299 |  |  |  | 15 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (15,599 | ) |  |  | (14,565 | ) |  |  | (1,034 | ) |  |  | (7 | %) |  |  | (15,687 | ) |  |  | (1,122 | ) |  |  | (8 | %)
Other (expense) income, net |  | (806 | ) |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | (987 | ) |  |  | 545 | % |  |  | (809 | ) |  |  | (990 | ) |  |  | 547 | %
Income (loss) before taxes and equity method investment income |  | 15,533 |  |  |  | (747 | ) |  |  | 16,280 |  |  |  | 2179 | % |  |  | 15,692 |  |  |  | 16,439 |  |  |  | 2201 | %
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  | 10,816 |  |  |  | (841 | ) |  |  | 11,657 |  |  |  | 1386 | % |  |  | 10,932 |  |  |  | 11,773 |  |  |  | 1400 | %
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | (276 | ) |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | (367 | ) |  |  | 403 | % |  |  | (276 | ) |  |  | (367 | ) |  |  | 403 | %
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  | 10,540 |  |  |  | (750 | ) |  |  | 11,290 |  |  |  | 1505 | % |  |  | 10,656 |  |  |  | 11,406 |  |  |  | 1521 | %
Net income (loss) attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | 10,217 |  |  |  | (820 | ) |  |  | 11,037 |  |  |  | 1346 | % |  |  | 10,330 |  |  |  | 11,150 |  |  |  | 1360 | %
Adjusted EBITDA - Constant Currency (2) |  | 20,288 |  |  |  | 5,302 |  |  |  | 14,986 |  |  |  | (283 | %) |  |  | 20,474 |  |  |  | 15,172 |  |  |  | (286 | %)

| As Reported |  |  | As Adjusted for Constant Currency |
| For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | As Reported Change |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Constant Currency Change |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |  |  | 2025 |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
Sales | $ | 166,320 |  |  | $ | 150,522 |  |  | $ | 15,798 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  | $ | 169,899 |  |  | $ | 19,377 |  |  |  | 13 | %
Cost of sales |  | (97,860 | ) |  |  | (112,031 | ) |  |  | 14,171 |  |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | (99,836 | ) |  |  | 12,195 |  |  |  | 11 | %
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | (45,629 | ) |  |  | (45,871 | ) |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | (46,375 | ) |  |  | (504 | ) |  |  | (1 | %)
Other (expense) income, net |  | 4,021 |  |  |  | (2,238 | ) |  |  | 6,259 |  |  |  | 280 | % |  |  | 3,998 |  |  |  | 6,236 |  |  |  | 279 | %
Goodwill and intangible asset impairments (1) |  | — |  |  |  | (11,939 | ) |  |  | 11,939 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,939 |  |  |  | 100 | %
Income (loss) before taxes and equity method investment income |  | 26,852 |  |  |  | (21,557 | ) |  |  | 48,409 |  |  |  | 225 | % |  |  | 27,685 |  |  |  | 49,242 |  |  |  | 228 | %
Income (loss) from continuing operations |  | 18,649 |  |  |  | (22,231 | ) |  |  | 40,880 |  |  |  | 184 | % |  |  | 19,257 |  |  |  | 41,488 |  |  |  | 187 | %
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | 11,015 |  |  |  | (4,756 | ) |  |  | 15,771 |  |  |  | 332 | % |  |  | 11,015 |  |  |  | 15,771 |  |  |  | 332 | %
Income (loss) including non-controlling interests |  | 29,664 |  |  |  | (26,987 | ) |  |  | 56,651 |  |  |  | 210 | % |  |  | 30,272 |  |  |  | 57,259 |  |  |  | 212 | %
Net income (loss) attributable to Village Farms International, Inc. shareholders |  | 30,011 |  |  |  | (27,221 | ) |  |  | 57,232 |  |  |  | 210 | % |  |  | 30,629 |  |  |  | 57,850 |  |  |  | 213 | %
Adjusted EBITDA - Constant Currency (2) |  | 33,629 |  |  |  | 5,334 |  |  |  | 28,295 |  |  |  | 530 | % |  |  | 34,724 |  |  |  | 29,390 |  |  |  | 551 | %

(1)
Reflects impairment to goodwill and intangibles of $11,939 in U.S. Cannabis that was based on recent historical performance, near-term forecasts, and the state of the CBD industry in the United States. See “Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments” below for more information.
(2)
Adjusted EBITDA - Constant Currency is not a recognized earnings measure and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP. Therefore, Adjusted EBITDA - Constant Currency may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA - Constant Currency is a useful supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of the Company because it excludes non-recurring and other items that do not reflect the underlying business performance of the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

No accounting pronouncements recently issued or newly effective have had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are included in Part I of this

44

Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.

As described in Note 5, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements included in Part 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company considered qualitative factors in assessing for impairment indicators for the Company’s U.S. and Canadian Cannabis segments. As part of this assessment, the Company considered both external and internal factors, including overall financial performance and outlook. At September 30, 2025, the Company concluded that no impairment indicators existed as no events or circumstances occurred that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of the goodwill and intangible assets for its reporting units to be below their carrying amounts. At September 30, 2025, the carrying value of goodwill associated with our Cannabis – Canada segment was $43.7 million and the carrying value of intangible assets associated with our Cannabis – Canada segment was $20.5 million.

We believe that the estimates, assumptions and judgments involved in the accounting policies described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements, so we consider these to be our critical accounting policies. Actual results could differ from the estimates we use in applying our critical accounting policies. We are not currently aware of any reasonably likely events or circumstances that would result in materially different amounts being reported.

45

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitati ve Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

As of September 30, 2025, our variable interest rate debt was primarily related to our Credit Facilities and Term Loans. Outstanding borrowings under our Credit Facility and Term Loans bear interest at either the (a) Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or (b) Canadian Prime Rate, as defined in the agreement, plus an applicable margin. As of September 30, 2025, we had approximately $34,594 in aggregate principal amounts of our Term Loans with a weighted average interest rate of 6.3%. The current interest rates for outstanding revolving loans under our Credit Facility and Term Loans reflect basis point decreases of approximately 3.1% over the comparable period in 2024.

Our interest expense is affected by the overall interest rate environment. Our variable rate interest debt subjects us to risk from increases in prevailing interest rates. This risk increases in the current inflationary environment, in which the Federal Reserve may increase interest rates, resulting in an increase in our variable interest rates and related interest expense. An additional 50 basis point increase in the applicable interest rates under our Credit Facility and Term Loan would have increased our interest expense by approximately $47 and $141 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and $57 and $171 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

While we cannot predict our ability to refinance existing debt or the significance of the impact that interest rate movements will have on our existing debt, management evaluates our financial position on an ongoing basis.

Foreign Exchange Risk

As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Canadian/U.S. foreign exchange rate was C$1.00 = US$0.7185 and C$1.00 = US$0.7398, respectively. If all other variables remain constant, an increase of $0.10 in the Canadian dollar would have the following impact on the ending balances of certain statements of financial position items at September 30, 2025 and 2024 with the net foreign exchange gain or loss directly impacting comprehensive income (loss):

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,739 |  |  | $ | 2,847 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 4,305 |  |  |  | 3,853 |
Inventories |  |  | 4,257 |  |  |  | 6,760 |
Prepaid and deposits |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | 285 |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables and accrued liabilities |  |  | (5,227 | ) |  |  | (4,306 | )
Loan payable |  |  | (2,571 | ) |  |  | (3,153 | )
Net foreign exchange gain |  | $ | 5,792 |  |  | $ | 6,286 |

Our exposure to foreign exchange risk and the impact of foreign exchange rates are monitored by the Company’s management but generally the Company tries to match its sales (trade receivables) and vendor payments (trade payables) such that the net impact is not material.

Other than the interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk discussed above, there have been no material changes to our market risks from those disclosed in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, the Company maintained effective disclosure controls and procedures.

46

Remediation of Previously Identified Material Weakness

As disclosed in Part II Item 9A Controls and Procedures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, we identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting as the Company (i) did not effectively design and implement internal controls related to our information technology general controls (“ITGCs”) in the areas of user access and program change-management over the information technology (“IT”) system that is utilized to support the Produce segment’s financial reporting processes. Specifically, under our existing ITGCs, we determined that there were insufficient controls to limit user access to this system and to enable oversight of changes being made to the financial inputs under this system; and (ii) did not effectively design and implement internal controls over the review, approval, and documentation of manual journal entries by individuals separate from the preparer at our Produce segment which resulted in the unmitigated risk of management override of manual journal entries.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company’s management designed and implemented corrective actions to remediate the control deficiencies that contributed to the material weaknesses.

The remediation actions included:

Information Technology

•
Enhanced risk assessment and control identification procedures for our Produce segment’s system environment;
•
Enhanced existing controls to address the design and operation of IT general controls within our Produce segment’s IT environment in order to, among other things, limit privileged user access; and
•
Implemented controls around timely identification and review of system access and changes. Enhancing and maintaining policy documentation underlying IT general controls to promote knowledge transfer upon personnel and function changes.

Journal Entries

•
Enhanced existing controls to ensure that manual journal entries recorded in our financial records are properly reviewed and approved, preventing the potential for management override of controls.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company completed our testing of the operating effectiveness of the implemented controls and found them to be effective. Based on the steps implemented, management concluded that we had remediated the previously disclosed material weaknesses as of March 31, 2025.

In connection with the transaction to privatize certain assets and operations of its Fresh Produce segment to Vanguard Food, LP (the "Transaction") on May 30, 2025, management of the Company made the decision to pause the ITGCs implemented in Q1 2025 from June 29 to August 12, 2025. During this period, the newly implemented controls were not operating and the previously identified material weakness existed. As of the time of this filing, the controls implemented during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 have been reestablished.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, has reviewed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act), other than to address the material weaknesses described above, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. – OTHE R INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time the Company is engaged in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe any current legal proceedings are material to our business.

Item 1A. Ris k Factors

Our business, operations, and financial condition are subject to various risks and uncertainties. The risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on March 13, 2025, and the risk factor described below, should be carefully considered, together with the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings filed with the SEC in connection with evaluating us, our business, and the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The Company may fail to realize the expected benefits of privatizing certain assets and operations of its Produce Segment (the "Transaction").

The Company believes that the Transaction will provide certain benefits to the Company and its shareholders, including enabling the Company to focus on its growing international cannabis business, repositioning its fresh produce business to flourish independently with new strategic capital partners and improving the upside potential for its produce business. However, these expected benefits may not be achieved, or may take longer than expected to realize, and other assumptions upon which the Company had determined the benefits of the Transaction may prove to be incorrect. The produce business will be operated through a partnership, in which the Company has a minority interest. The Company cannot control the actions of its partners, including any non-performance, default, or bankruptcy of the partners. As a result, the Company may have limited control over such arrangements and experience returns that are not proportional to the risks and resources contributed. To the extent that the anticipated benefits of the Transaction are not achieved, or take longer than expected to achieve, the results of operations and the financial condition of the Company may suffer, which may materially adversely affect the Company’s business, operations and financial performance and cash flows.

Item 2. Unregist ered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Repurchases of Equity Securities

On September 29, 2025, the Board of Directors authorized a $10 million share repurchase for up to 5,687,000 of the Company’s outstanding Common shares. Such purchases may be made on the open market, in private transactions and/or pursuant to purchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The Company has not repurchase any of its Common Shares during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

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Item 6. E xhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this report:

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Document
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document-the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents
104 |  | Cover page formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

^ Certain confidential portions of this exhibit have been redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any omitted portions of the exhibit upon request.

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | VILLAGE FARMS INTERNATIONAL, INC.
|  | By: |  | /s/ Stephen C. Ruffini
|  |  |  | Name: | Stephen C. Ruffini
|  |  |  | Title: | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Authorized Signatory and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date: November 10, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |

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