F-1/A 1 a2218095zf-1a.htm F-1/A

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 6, 2014

Registration No. 333-191068

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 5 to

FORM F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

GeoPark Limited
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant's name into English)

Bermuda (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | 1311 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |  | NOT APPLICABLE (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles 179
Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
+56 (2) 2242-9600
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)

CT Corporation System
111 Eighth Avenue
New York, NY 10011
212-894-8940
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:
Maurice Blanco Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP 450 Lexington Avenue New York, NY 10017 Phone: (212) 450-4000 Fax: (212) 701-5800 |  | Pedro Aylwin Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles 179 Las Condes, Santiago, Chile Phone: +56 (2) 2242-9600 Fax: +56 (2) 2242-9600 ext. 2016 |  | John R. Vetterli White & Case LLP 1155 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10036 Phone: (212) 819-8200 Fax: (212) 354-8113

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of each class of securities to be registered |  | Amount to be registered(1) |  | Proposed maximum offering price per share(2) |  | Proposed maximum aggregate offering price(1)(2) |  | Amount of registration fee(3)
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Common shares, par value US$0.001 per share |  | 14,300,000 |  | US$8.00 |  | US$114,400,000 |  | US$14,734.72

(1)
  Includes common shares which the underwriters have the option to purchase.
(2)
  Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(3)
  Previously Paid.

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED FEBRUARY 6, 2014

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Preliminary Prospectus

13,500,000 Common Shares

GeoPark Limited
(an exempted company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda)
US$ per common share

This is an initial public offering in the United States of common shares, par value US$0.001 per share, of GeoPark Limited. We are offering 13,500,000 common shares.

We expect the public offering price of our common shares to be between US$7.00 and US$8.00 per common share.

Our common shares have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol "GPRK." Prior to this offering, our common shares have traded, and immediately subsequent to this offering will continue to trade, on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange, or the AIM, under the symbol "GPK" and on the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange under the symbol "GPK." Conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, we intend to cancel the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM at 7:00 am GMT on February 19, 2014. We also intend to de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE.

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in Section 2(a) of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced United States public company reporting requirements.

Investing in our common shares involves risks. See "Risk factors" beginning on page 34 of this prospectus.

|  | Per common share |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Public offering price |  | US$ |  |  | US$ |  |
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1) |  | US$ |  |  | US$ |  |
Proceeds to us, before expenses |  | US$ |  |  | US$ |  |

(1)
  See "Underwriting—Underwriting discounts and commissions" for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.

We have received the following indications of interest to purchase in this offering, at the public offering price, an aggregate of US$60.0 million (or 8,000,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus): (i) Mr. James F. Park (or any of his affiliates), our Chief Executive Officer, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$2.0 million (or 266,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth above); (ii) Mr. Juan Cristobal Pavez (or any of his affiliates), one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$5.0 million (or 666,666 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth above); (iii) certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC: US$33.0 million (or 4,400,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth above). Mr. Steven Quamme, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark Limited held by Cartica Management, LLC; and (iv) certain members of Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family (or any of their respective affiliates that do not include Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy): US$20.0 million (or 2,666,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth above). Because indications of interest are not binding agreements or commitments to purchase, the underwriters could determine to sell more, less or no shares to any of these individuals or private investment funds and any of these individuals or private investment funds could determine to purchase more, less or no shares in this offering. The underwriters will not receive any underwriting discount or commissions in connection with the sale of our common shares, to the extent they are purchased pursuant to these indications of interest. Following the completion of this offering, and assuming the purchase of all of the common shares described above, our board of directors and senior management will be deemed to beneficially own, in the aggregate approximately 48.8% of our outstanding common shares (and assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option). See "Underwriting."

We have granted the underwriters an option, exercisable at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, on or before the thirtieth day following the date of this prospectus, upon written notice from J.P. Morgan Securities LLC to us, with a copy to the other underwriters, to purchase up to 800,000 additional common shares, at the public offering price less an amount per common share equal to any dividends or distributions, if any, declared by us and payable on our common shares but not payable on these additional common shares, to cover over-allotments, if any, provided that the decision to over-allocate the common shares is made jointly by the underwriters at the time the price per common share is determined. See "Underwriting—Over-allotment option."

Delivery of our common shares will be made on or about , 2014.

Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

J.P. Morgan |  | BTG Pactual |  | Itaú BBA
Scotiabank / Howard Weil

The date of this prospectus is , 2014.

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We expect to further expand our footprint in Brazil following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and the award to us of two new concessions by the ANP subject to confirmation of qualification requirements. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments."

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|  | Page |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Presentation of financial and other information |  |  | ii |
Prospectus summary |  |  | 1 |
Risk factors |  |  | 34 |
Forward-looking statements |  |  | 75 |
Use of proceeds |  |  | 77 |
Dividend policy |  |  | 78 |
Capitalization |  |  | 79 |
Dilution |  |  | 81 |
Exchange rates |  |  | 82 |
Market information |  |  | 84 |
Selected historical financial data |  |  | 86 |
Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data |  |  | 90 |
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations |  |  | 104 |
Industry and regulatory framework |  |  | 143 |
Business |  |  | 168 |
Management |  |  | 217 |
Principal shareholders |  |  | 229 |
Certain relationships and related party transactions |  |  | 232 |
Description of share capital |  |  | 236 |
Common shares eligible for future sale |  |  | 243 |
Material tax considerations |  |  | 245 |
Underwriting |  |  | 249 |
Expenses of the offering |  |  | 265 |
Legal matters |  |  | 266 |
Experts |  |  | 267 |
Enforcement of judgments |  |  | 269 |
Where you can find additional information |  |  | 271 |
Glossary of oil and natural gas terms |  |  | A-1 |
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  | F-1 |

This prospectus has been prepared by us solely for use in connection with the proposed offering of our common shares in the United States and elsewhere. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Banco BTG Pactual S.A.—Cayman Branch, Itau BBA USA Securities, Inc. and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc., or the underwriters, will act as underwriters with respect to the offering of our common shares.

Neither we nor the underwriters or their affiliates have authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy these common shares in any circumstances under which the offer or solicitation is unlawful.

Until , 2014, all dealers effecting transactions in our common shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

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Presentation of financial and other information

Certain definitions

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to:

•
  "GeoPark Limited," "GeoPark," "we," "us," "our," the "company" and words of a similar effect, are to GeoPark Limited (formerly GeoPark Holdings Limited), an exempted company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda, together with its consolidated subsidiaries;
•
  "Agencia" are to GeoPark Latin America Limited Agencia en Chile, an established branch, under the laws of Chile, of GeoPark Latin America Limited, an exempted company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda;
•
  "GeoPark Latin America" are to our subsidiary GeoPark Latin America Limited, an exempted company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda;
•
  "GeoPark Fell" are to our subsidiary GeoPark Fell SpA., a sociedad por acciones incorporated under the laws of Chile;
•
  "GeoPark Chile" are to our subsidiary GeoPark Chile S.A., a sociedad anónima cerrada incorporated under the laws of Chile;
•
  "GeoPark Colombia" are prior to our internal corporate reorganization of our Colombian operations, to our subsidiary GeoPark Colombia S.A., a sociedad anónima cerrada incorporated under the laws of Chile and subsequent to such reorganization, to GeoPark Colombia Coöperatie U.A., a cooperative duly incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands;
•
  "GeoPark Colombia S.A.S." are to our subsidiary GeoPark Colombia S.A.S., a sociedad anónima simplificada incorporated under the laws of Colombia, which absorbed Winchester, Luna and Cúerva and their Colombian branches by merger and assumed all rights and obligations of each;
•
  "Winchester" are to our subsidiary Winchester Oil and Gas S.A., now GeoPark Colombia PN S.A. Sucursal Colombia, a Colombian branch of a sociedad anónima incorporated under the laws of Panama, which merged into GeoPark Colombia S.A.S.;
•
  "Luna" are to our subsidiary La Luna Oil Company Limited S.A., a sociedad anónima incorporated under the laws of Panama, which merged into GeoPark Colombia S.A.S.;
•
  "Cuerva" are to our subsidiary GeoPark Cuerva LLC, formerly known as Hupecol Caracara LLC, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware, which merged into GeoPark Colombia S.A.S.;
•
  "LGI" are to LG International Corp., a company incorporated under the laws of Korea;
•
  "Panoro" are to Panoro Energy do Brasil Ltda., a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Brazil and a subsidiary of Panoro Energy ASA, a company incorporated under the laws of Norway, with assets in Brazil and Africa;
•
  "Rio das Contas" are to Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda., a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Brazil;

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•
  our "Brazil Acquisitions" are to our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, which is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2014, our award of two new concessions by the ANP, which are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements, and our award of seven new concessions by the ANP, in Brazil;
•
  "Chile" are to the Republic of Chile;
•
  "Colombia" are to the Republic of Colombia;
•
  "Brazil" are to the Federative Republic of Brazil;
•
  "Argentina" are to the Argentine Republic;
•
  "Peru" are to the Republic of Peru;
•
  "US$" and "U.S. dollars" are to the official currency of the United States of America;
•
  "Ch$" and "Chilean pesos" are to the official currency of Chile;
•
  "Col$" and "Colombian pesos" are to the official currency of Colombia;
•
  "GBP" are to the official currency of the United Kingdom;
•
  "AR$" and "Argentine pesos" are to the official currency of Argentina;
•
  "real," "reais" and "R$" are to the official currency of Brazil;
•
  "IFRS" are to International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB;
•
  "US GAAP" are to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States;
•
  "ANP" are to the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis);
•
  "CNPE" are to the Brazilian National Council on Energy Policy (Conselho Nacional de Política Energética);
•
  "ANH" are to the Colombian National Hydrocarbons Agency (Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos);
•
  "economic interest" means an indirect participation interest in the net revenues from a given block based on bilateral agreements with the concessionaires; and
•
  "working interest" means the right granted to the lessee of a property to explore for and to produce and own oil, gas, or other minerals. The working interest owners bear the exploration, development and operating costs on either a cash, penalty or carried basis.

Financial statements

Our consolidated financial statements

This prospectus includes our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, or our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements, and our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2013 and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, or our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. We refer to our Annual

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Consolidated Financial Statements and our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements collectively as our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. Our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements have been audited by Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina, a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers Network, or PwC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our fiscal year ends December 31. References in this prospectus to a fiscal year, such as "fiscal year 2012," relate to our fiscal year ended on December 31 of that calendar year.

Colombian acquisitions

In the first quarter of 2012, we extended our operations into Colombia, through our acquisitions of Winchester and Luna on February 14, 2012 and the acquisition of Cuerva on March 27, 2012. For accounting purposes, such acquisitions were computed as if they had occurred on January 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, respectively. In addition, we disposed of 20% of our interest in our Colombian operations to LGI on December 18, 2012. Included in this prospectus are the audited consolidated financial statements of each of Winchester and Luna, each in accordance with IFRS, and Cuerva, in accordance with US GAAP, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011, which we refer to as the Winchester Annual Consolidated Financial Statements, the Luna Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and the Cuerva Annual Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively, and as the Colombian Acquisitions Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, collectively. Also included in this prospectus are the consolidated financial statements for the one-month period ended January 31, 2012 of each of Winchester and Luna, each in accordance with IFRS, and the consolidated financial statements for the three-month period ended March 31, 2012 for Cuerva, in accordance with US GAAP, which we refer to collectively as the Colombian Acquisitions Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. Accordingly, our results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 are not fully comparable with each other and prior periods.

The Colombian Acquisitions Audited Consolidated Financial Statements have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda., Colombia, a member firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers Network, independent accountants, as stated in their reports appearing herein. We refer to the Colombian Acquisitions Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the Colombian Acquisitions Interim Consolidated Financial Statements collectively as the Colombian Acquisitions Consolidated Financial Statements.

Acquisition of Rio das Contas

On May 14, 2013, we agreed to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Rio das Contas from Panoro, for a total cash consideration of US$140.0 million subject to certain purchase price and easement adjustments. The closing of the acquisition is subject to certain conditions, including approval by the ANP, among others. We expect the acquisition to close in the first quarter of 2014.

This prospectus includes the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS of Rio das Contas as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, or the Rio das Contas Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been audited by Ernst & Young Auditores Independentes S.S., or Ernst & Young, as stated in their report appearing herein, and the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements of Rio das Contas as of September 30, 2013 and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, or the Rio das Contas Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. References to Rio das Contas Consolidated Financial Statements are to the Rio das Contas Audited Consolidated

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Financial Statements and the Rio das Contas Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. Accordingly, our results as reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this prospectus are not comparable to our results for any period following the future date on which we consolidate the results of Rio das Contas.

Pro forma financial data

In light of our Colombian acquisitions and our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we include in this prospectus unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial data to illustrate:

•
  the combined results of operations for GeoPark for the year ended December 31, 2012 to give pro forma effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas and to the disposition of a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia as if such transactions had occurred as of January 1, 2012;
•
  the combined results of operations for GeoPark for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 to give pro forma effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas as if such acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2012; and
•
  the combined statement of financial position for GeoPark as of September 30, 2013 to give pro forma effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas as if such acquisition had occurred as of September 30, 2013.

We refer to the above-described pro forma financial statements as our Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data. For purposes of preparing our Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data, we have made certain adjustments to the historical and pre-acquisition financial information of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas. See "Prospectus summary—Summary unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data" and "Unaudited Condensed Combined P ro Forma Financial Data." Our Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to represent our results of operations or financial condition had our acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva or Rio das Contas and to the disposition of a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia occurred at the respective dates indicated above.

Our historical financial information and pro forma financial data should be read in conjunction with "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations," our Consolidated Financial Statements, the Colombian Acquisitions Consolidated Financial Statements and the Rio das Contas Consolidated Financial Statements, including, in each case, the accompanying notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Non-IFRS financial measures

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental non-IFRS financial measure that is used by management and external users of our financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, lenders and rating agencies.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as profit for the period before net finance cost, income tax, depreciation, amortization and certain non-cash items such as impairments and write-offs of unsuccessful exploration and evaluation assets, accrual of stock options and stock awards and bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of profit or cash flows as determined by IFRS.

Our management believes Adjusted EBITDA is useful because it allows us to more effectively evaluate our operating performance and compare the results of our operations from period to period without regard to our financing methods or capital structure. We exclude the items listed above from profit for the period in

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arriving at Adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures and the method by which the assets were acquired. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, profit for the period or cash flows from operating activities as determined in accordance with IFRS or as an indicator of our operating performance or liquidity. Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company's financial performance, such as a company's cost of capital and tax structure and significant and/or recurring write-offs, as well as the historic costs of depreciable assets, none of which are components of Adjusted EBITDA. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of profit for the period/year, see "Prospectus summary—Summary historical financial data."

We have also included pro forma Adjusted EBITDA in this prospectus to show our Adjusted EBITDA after giving pro forma effect to our recent acquisitions. For a reconciliation of pro forma Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of pro forma profit for the period/year, see "Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data—Note 6—Reconciliations."

Oil and gas reserves and production information

D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report

The information included in this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of proved reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value in Chile, Colombia and Argentina is derived, in part, from estimates of the proved reserves and present values of proved reserves as of December 31, 2012. The reserves estimates are derived from the report prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, or D&M, independent reserves engineers, or the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report, included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, prepared by D&M. The D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report was prepared by D&M for us and presents an appraisal as of December 31, 2012 of oil and gas reserves located in the Fell Block in Chile, the Del Mosquito, Cerro Doña Juana and Loma Cortaderal Blocks in Argentina and the La Cuerva, Llanos 32, Llanos 34 and Yamú Blocks in Colombia. We have also included a third-party summary report prepared by D&M pertaining to these blocks as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report

The information included in this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of proved reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value for certain new discoveries in Colombia made since December 31, 2012, as of June 30, 2013, is derived, in part, from estimates of the proved reserves and present values of proved reserves as of June 30, 2013. The reserves estimates are derived from the report prepared by D&M, or the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The information included in this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of proved reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value attributable to Rio das Contas in Brazil is derived from estimates of the proved reserves and present values of proved reserves as of June 30, 2013, also presented in the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, prepared by D&M. We have also included a third-party summary report prepared by D&M pertaining to these blocks as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

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The reserves information presented in this prospectus based on the D&M Reserves Reports only presents reserves estimates for our working interests in the blocks covered by such reports as of the respective dates of such reports. We refer to the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report and the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report collectively as the D&M Reserves Reports. These estimates and the D&M Reserves Reports are included in this prospectus in reliance upon the authority of such firm as an expert in these matters.

Market share and other information

Market data, other statistical information, information regarding recent developments in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina and certain industry forecast data used in this prospectus were obtained from internal reports and studies, where appropriate, as well as estimates, market research, publicly available information (including information available from the SEC website) and industry publications. Industry publications generally state that the information they include has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Similarly, internal reports and studies, estimates and market research, which we believe to be reliable and accurately extracted by us for use in this prospectus, have not been independently verified. However, we believe such data is accurate and agree that we are responsible for the accurate extraction of such information from such sources and its correct reproduction in this prospectus.

Measurements, oil and natural gas terms and other data

In this prospectus, we use the following measurements:

•
  "m" or "meter" means one meter, which equals approximately 3.28084 feet;
•
  "km" means one kilometer, which equals approximately 0.621371 miles;
•
  "sq km" means one square kilometer, which equals approximately 247.1 acres;
•
  "bbl" "bo," or "barrel of oil" means one stock tank barrel, which is equivalent to approximately 0.15898 cubic meters;
•
  "boe" means one barrel of oil equivalent, which equals approximately 160.2167 cubic meters, determined using the ratio of 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of oil;
•
  "cf" means one cubic foot;
•
  "m," when used before bbl, boe or cf, means one thousand bbl, boe or cf, respectively;
•
  "mm," when used before bbl, boe or cf, means one million bbl, boe or cf, respectively;
•
  "b," when used before bbl, boe or cf, means one billion bbl, boe or cf, respectively; and
•
  "pd" means per day.

In addition, we have provided definitions for certain industry terms used in this prospectus in the "Glossary of oil and natural gas terms" included as Appendix A to this prospectus.

Rounding

We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this prospectus. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that precede them.

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Prospectus summary

This summary highlights certain information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary may not contain all the information that may be important to you, and we urge you to read this entire prospectus carefully, including the "Risk factors," "Forward-looking statements," "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations" and "Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data" sections, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, the Colombian Acquisitions Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, and the Rio das Contas Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, included in this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our common shares. Although we believe that the estimates and projections included in this prospectus are based on reasonable assumptions, you should be aware that these estimates and projections are subject to many risks and uncertainties as described in "Risk factors" and "Forward-looking statements." We have provided definitions for certain industry terms used in this prospectus in the "Glossary of oil and natural gas terms" included as Appendix A to this prospectus.

Our business

Overview

We are an independent oil and natural gas exploration and production, or E&P, company with operations in South America and a proven track record of growth in production, reserves and cash flows since 2006. We operate in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and, to a lesser extent, in Argentina, and expect to further expand our footprint in Brazil following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition. See "—Recent developments."

We have a well-balanced portfolio of assets that includes working and/or economic interests in 26 onshore hydrocarbons blocks, nine of which are currently in production, as well as in an additional concession in Brazil upon the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and two new concessions in Brazil that are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements by the ANP. We produced a net average of 13,148 boepd during the first nine months of 2013, 53% of which was produced in Chile, 46% of which was produced in Colombia and 0.5% of which was produced in Argentina, and of which 82% was oil. Accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, on a pro forma basis, we would have produced an average of 16,869 boepd during the first nine months of 2013, with Chile, Colombia and Brazil representing 42%, 36% and 22% of our production, respectively, and with oil representing 64% of our total production. As of December 31, 2012, we had net proved reserves of 16.8 mmboe (composed of 71% oil and 29% natural gas), of which 10.2 mmboe, or 61%, and 6.6 mmboe, or 39%, were in Chile and Colombia, respectively. According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe (composed of 100% oil). Additionally, according to this report, as of June 30, 2013, Rio das Contas had net proved reserves of 8.1 mmboe (composed of approximately 98% natural gas).

We have developed our company around three principal abilities:

•
  to successfully explore the subsurface in the search for oil and gas;
•
  to efficiently operate, drill, produce and market hydrocarbons from our properties; and
•
  to acquire and consolidate assets in the main oil- and natural gas-producing regions in South America.

We believe that our risk and capital management policies have enabled us to compile a geographically diverse portfolio of properties that balances exploration, development and production of oil and gas. These attributes have also allowed us to raise capital and to partner with premier international companies.

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Finally, we believe we have developed a distinctive culture within our organization that promotes and rewards partnership, entrepreneurship and merit. Consistent with this approach, all of our employees are eligible to participate in our long-term incentive program, or our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program. See "Management—Compensation—Executive compensation—Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program."

In Chile, we are the first and the largest non-state controlled oil and gas producer. We began operations in 2006 in the Fell Block and have evolved from having a non-operated, non-producing interest to having a fully-operated and producing asset with over 10.2 mmboe of net proved reserves as of December 31, 2012 and average production of 7,013 boepd in the first nine months of 2013. In addition, we operate five other hydrocarbon blocks in Chile with significant prospective resources.

In Colombia, following our successful acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in early 2012, we have an asset base of 10 hydrocarbon blocks where we were able to increase average production to 6,075 boepd in the first nine months of 2013, an increase of 89% (on a pro forma basis, giving effect to our Colombian acquisitions) as compared to the first nine months of 2012. As of December 31, 2012, we had net proved reserves of 6.6 mmboe in Colombia. Furthermore, according to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe of net proved reserves.

Recently, we expanded our footprint to Brazil. In May 2013, we agreed to acquire Rio das Contas from Panoro, which holds a 10% working interest in the shallow offshore Manati Field, the largest non-associated gas field in Brazil, which produced, in the year ended December 31, 2012, approximately 8.7% of the gas produced in Brazil. Rio das Contas's 10% working interest in the Manati Field represented 3,721 boepd of production during the first nine months of 2013. We expect to close our pending Rio das Contas acquisition in the first quarter of 2014. Separately, in September 2013, we entered into concession agreements with the ANP relating to seven new concessions in the onshore Recôncavo Basin in the State of Bahia and in the onshore Potiguar Basin in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, or, our Round 11 concessions, and in November 2013, the ANP awarded us two additional concessions in the Parnaíba Basin in the State of Maranhão and the Sergipe Alagoas Basin in the State of Alagoas, subject to confirmation of qualification requirements, or, our Round 12 concessions. See "—Recent developments."

The table below sets forth certain of our financial and operating data for the periods indicated, as well as pro forma data reflecting our acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in Colombia and our Brazil Acquisitions.

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
|  | (unaudited) |  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Financial data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues (US$ thousands) |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |
Pro forma revenues (US$ thousands) (unaudited)(1) |  |  | 287,188 |  |  | — |  |  | 325,403 |  |  | — |
Profit for the period/year (US$ thousands) |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Pro forma profit for the period/year (US$ thousands)(1) |  |  | 31,276 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,245 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA (US$ thousands)(2) |  |  | 125,894 |  |  | 94,793 |  |  | 121,404 |  |  | 63,391 |
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA (US$ thousands) (unaudited)(1)(2) |  |  | 148,423 |  |  | — |  |  | 168,708 |  |  | — |
Operating data (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average net production (boepd) |  |  | 13,148 |  |  | 11,533 |  |  | 11,292 |  |  | 7,593 |
% oil and liquids |  |  | 82% |  |  | 64% |  |  | 66% |  |  | 33% |
Pro forma average net production (boepd)(3) |  |  | 16,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,952 |  |  | — |
Pro forma % oil and liquids(4) |  |  | 64% |  |  | — |  |  | 50% |  |  | — |

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(1) Pro forma revenues, pro forma profit for the period/year and pro forma Adjusted EBITDA are revenues, profit for the period/year and Adjusted EBITDA, respectively, after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas for the year ended December 31, 2012 and, after giving effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas, for September 30, 2013, in each case as if such acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 2012. For a reconciliation of pro forma Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of profit for the period before income tax, see "Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data—Note 6—Reconciliations."

(2) We define Adjusted EBITDA as profit for the period before net finance cost, income tax, depreciation, amortization and certain non-cash items such as impairments and write-off of exploration and evaluation assets, accrual of stock options and stock awards and bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of profitability or cash flows as determined by IFRS. See "Presentation of financial and other information—Financial statements—Non-IFRS financial measures." For a reconciliation of pro forma Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of profit before income tax, see "Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data—Note 6—Reconciliations."

(3) Pro forma average net production is production after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas for the year ended December 31, 2012 and, after giving effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, in each case as if such acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 2012.

(4) Pro forma % oil and liquids is % oil and liquids after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas for the year ended December 31, 2012 and, after giving effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, in each case as if such acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 2012.

Our history

We were founded in 2002 by Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy and James F. Park, who have over 25 and 35 years of international oil and natural gas experience, respectively, and who, as of the date of this prospectus, collectively held approximately 33.5% of our common shares and are involved in our operations and strategy. Mr. O'Shaughnessy currently serves as our Executive Chairman and Mr. Park currently serves as our Chief Executive Officer and Deputy Chairman, and both actively contribute to our ongoing operations and business decisions.

Our history commenced with the purchase of AES Corporation's upstream oil and natural gas assets in Chile and Argentina. Those assets included a non-operating working interest in the Fell Block in Chile, which at that time was operated by the Empresa Nacional de Petróleo, or ENAP, the Chilean state-owned hydrocarbon company, and operating working interests in the Del Mosquito, Cerro Doña Juana and Loma Cortaderal blocks in Argentina, which we collectively refer to as the Argentina Blocks. Since 2002, our business has grown significantly.

In 2006, after demonstrating our technical expertise and committing to an exploration and development plan, we obtained a 100% operating working interest in the Fell Block by the Republic of Chile. Also in 2006, the International Finance Corporation, or the IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, became one of our principal shareholders, and we listed our common shares on AIM, a market operated by the London Stock Exchange plc, in an initial public offering of common shares outside the United States. Subsequently, in 2008 and 2009, we issued and sold additional common shares outside the United States.

In 2008 and 2009, we continued our growth in Chile by acquiring operating working interests in each of the Otway and Tranquilo Blocks, and by forming partnerships with Pluspetrol, Wintershall, Methanex and IFC.

In 2010, we formed a strategic partnership with LGI, a Korean conglomerate, to jointly acquire and develop upstream oil and gas projects in South America. LGI's business includes a portfolio of energy and raw material projects, including oil and gas projects in the Middle East and in Southeast and Central Asia.

In 2011, we were awarded by ENAP the opportunity to obtain operating working interests in each of the Isla Norte, Flamenco and Campanario blocks in Tierra del Fuego, Chile, which we refer to collectively as the Tierra del Fuego Blocks, and in 2012, we formalized and jointly with ENAP entered into special operation contracts (Contratos Especiales de Operación para la Exploración y Explotación de Yacimientos de Hidrocarburos), each of which we refer to as a CEOP, with Chile for the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons within these blocks.

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Also in 2011, LGI acquired a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Chile and a 14% equity interest in GeoPark TdF S.A., or GeoPark TdF, for US$148.0 million. LGI also provided to GeoPark TdF US$84.0 million in stand-by letters of credit to partially secure the US$101.4 million performance bond required by the Chilean government to guarantee GeoPark TdF's obligations with respect to the minimum work program under the Tierra del Fuego CEOPs. Our agreement with LGI in the Tierra del Fuego Blocks allows us to earn back up to 12% equity participation in GeoPark TdF, depending on the success of our operations in Tierra del Fuego. See "Business—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI."

In the first quarter of 2012, we moved into Colombia by acquiring three privately held E&P companies, Winchester, Luna and Cuerva. These acquisitions provided us with an attractive platform in Colombia that includes working interests and/or economic interests in 10 blocks located in the Llanos, Magdalena and Catatumbo Basins and covering an area of 575,700 gross acres.

In December 2012, LGI acquired a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia for US$20.1 million, including the assumption of existing debt and the commitment to provide additional funding to cover LGI's share of required future investments in Colombia. In addition, our agreement with LGI in Colombia allows us to earn back up to 12% of equity participation in GeoPark Colombia, depending on the success of our operations in Colombia. See "Business—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI." We and LGI also agreed that we would extend our strategic partnership to build a portfolio of upstream oil and gas assets throughout South America through 2015. We believe our partnership with LGI represents a positive independent assessment and validation of the quality of our Chilean and Colombian asset inventory, the extent of our technical and operational expertise and the ability of our management to structure and effect significant transactions.

In May 2013, we entered into agreements to expand our operations to Brazil. See "—Recent developments."

Our operations

We have been able to successfully develop our assets through drilling, with 99 of the 145 wells that we drilled from 2006 through September 30, 2013 having become productive wells, a 68% success ratio. We have grown our business through winning new licenses and acquiring strategic assets and businesses, with 15 new blocks incorporated into our portfolio since January 1, 2006, seven new concessions in Brazil awarded to us following our entry into concession agreements with the ANP and an additional concession in Brazil upon the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition. Since our inception, we have supported our growth through our prospect development efforts and our drilling program, as well as by developing long-term strategic partnerships and alliances with key industry participants, accessing debt and equity capital markets and developing and retaining a technical team with vast experience and a successful track record of finding and producing oil and gas in South America. A key factor behind our success ratio is our experienced team of geologists, geophysicists and engineers, including professionals with specialized expertise in the geology of Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina.

For the first nine months of 2013, we drilled 32 new wells (14 in Chile and 18 in Colombia) in blocks in which we have working interests and/or economic interests. We made total capital expenditures of US$191.5 million (US$115.4 million, US$71.5 million and US$4.6 million in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, respectively) for the first nine months of 2013, consisting of US$111.3 million related to exploration and R$10.2 million (approximately US$4.6 million, at the September 30, 2013 exchange rate of R$2.23 to US$1.00) in license fee payments to the ANP for our Round 11 concessions. We expect our total capital expenditures for 2013 to have been between US$200 million to US$230 million in Chile, Colombia and Brazil.

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In 2014, we expect our total capital expenditures, excluding the purchase price for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, to be between US$220 million to US$250 million, of which approximately 62%, 32% and 5% will be in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, respectively. These capital expenditures will include the drilling of 50 to 60 new wells (approximately 40% of which we expect will be exploratory wells), as well as workovers, seismic surveys and new facility construction. In Brazil, we expect our capital expenditures will consist of between US$5 million to US$7.5 million to finance in part the construction of a gas compression plant in the Manati Field following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and approximately US$0.45 million in license fee payments to the ANP relating to our Round 12 concessions, with the remainder for seismic surveys in exploration blocks in the Potiguar and Recôncavo Basins. In addition, in Brazil, we expect to spend US$140 million, subject to certain adjustments, to acquire Rio das Contas, which we intend to finance through the incurrence of a loan of approximately US$70.5 million and cash on hand.

The following map shows the countries in which we have blocks with working and/or economic interests and includes our Brazil Acquisitions. For information on our working interests in each of these blocks, see "—Our assets" below.

(1) We entered into an agreement on May 10, 2013 with Panoro to acquire Rio das Contas, which holds a 10% working interest in the BCAM-40 Concession. We expect our pending Rio das Contas acquisition to be completed in the first quarter of 2014. We have also entered into seven new concession agreements with the ANP in the Recôncavo and Potiguar Basins in Brazil and were awarded, two new concessions, subject to confirmation of qualification requirements, by the ANP in the Parnaíba Basin and the Sergipe Alagoas Basin. See "—Recent developments."

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The following table sets forth our net proved reserves and other data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Country |  | Oil (mmbbl) |  | Gas (bcf) |  | Oil equivalent (mmboe) |  | % Oil |  | Revenues (in thousands of US$) |  | % of total revenues |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
Chile |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 52% |  |  | 149,927 |  |  | 60% |
Colombia |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.6(1 | ) |  | 100% |  |  | 99,501 |  |  | 40% |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 11.9 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 71% |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 100% |

(1) According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe of net proved reserves.

As of June 30, 2013, according to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, the net proved reserves attributable to our pending Rio das Contas acquisition in Brazil were 8.1 mmboe (composed of approximately 98% natural gas), which generated revenues of US$36.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

Our commitment to growth has translated into a strong compounded annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 51.3% for production in the period from 2007 to 2012, as measured by boepd in the table below.

|  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010 |  | 2009 |  | 2008 |  | 2007 |
Average net production (mboepd) |  |  | 11.3 |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 1.4 |
% oil |  |  | 66.3% |  |  | 33.0% |  |  | 28.4% |  |  | 19.5% |  |  | 9.8% |  |  | 12.0% |

During the year ended December 31, 2012, Rio das Contas produced 3.7 mboepd.

The following table sets forth our production of oil and natural gas in the blocks in which we have a working interest and/or economic interest as of September 30, 2013.

|  | Average daily production |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 |
|  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |
Oil production |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total crude oil production (bopd) |  |  | 4,703 |  |  | 6,066 |  |  | 46 |
Average sales price of crude oil (US$/bbl) |  |  | 83.7 |  |  | 81.7 |  |  | 68.6 |
Natural gas production |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total natural gas production (mcf/day) |  |  | 13,858 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 82 |
Average sales price of natural gas (US$/mcf) |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 1.2 |
Oil and natural gas production cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average production cost (US$/boe) |  |  | 26.0 |  |  | 48.1 |  |  | 11.2 |

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, Rio das Contas produced an average of 3,721 boepd (including 98% natural gas and 2% oil), with an average sales price of US$40.2/boe and an average production cost of US$27.8/boe.

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Our assets

According to the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report, as of December 31, 2012, the blocks in Chile, Colombia and Argentina in which we have a working interest had 16.8 mmboe of net proved reserves, with 61%, or 10.2 mmboe, and 39%, or 6.6 mmboe, of such net proved reserves located in Chile and Colombia, respectively. According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe of net proved reserves, and net proved reserves attributable to our pending Rio das Contas acquisition in Brazil were 8.1 mmboe. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we produced an average of 13,148 boepd, 53% of which, or 7,013 boepd, was produced in the Fell Block, 46% of which, or 6,075 boepd, was produced in the Colombian blocks and 0.5%, or 60 boepd, was produced in the Argentine blocks.

We are the operator of a majority of the blocks in which we have a working interest. The following table summarizes certain information about our Chilean, Colombian and Argentine blocks as of September 30, 2013, except as otherwise indicated.

Country |  | Block |  | Operator |  | Working interest (1)(2) |  | Basin |  | Gross area (thousand acres)(3) |  | Net proved reserves (mmboe)(4) |  | % Oil |  | Net production (boepd)(6) |  | % Oil |  | Concession expiration year
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Chile |  | Fell |  | GeoPark |  |  | 100% |  | Magallanes |  |  | 367.8 |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 52% |  |  | 7,013 |  |  | 67% |  | Exploitation: 2032
Chile |  | Tranquilo |  | GeoPark |  |  | 29% |  | Magallanes |  |  | 92.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploitation: 2043
Chile |  | Otway |  | GeoPark |  |  | 100% |  | Magallanes |  |  | 49.4(8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploitation: 2044
Chile |  | Isla Norte |  | GeoPark |  |  | 60%(7 | ) | Magallanes |  |  | 130.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploration: 2019 Exploitation: 2044
Chile |  | Campanario |  | GeoPark |  |  | 50%(7 | ) | Magallanes |  |  | 192.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploration: 2020 Exploitation: 2045
Chile |  | Flamenco |  | GeoPark |  |  | 50%(7 | ) | Magallanes |  |  | 141.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploration: 2019 Exploitation: 2044
Subtotal Chile |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 973.3 |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 52% |  |  | 7,013 |  |  | 67% |  |
Colombia |  | La Cuerva |  | GeoPark |  |  | 100% |  | Llanos |  |  | 47.8 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 100% |  |  | 2,026 |  |  | 100% |  | Exploration: 2014 Exploitation: 2038
Colombia |  | Llanos 34 |  | GeoPark |  |  | 45% |  | Llanos |  |  | 82.2 |  |  | 3.9(5) |  |  | 100% |  |  | 3,002 |  |  | 100% |  | Exploration: 2015 Exploitation: 2039
Colombia |  | Llanos 62 |  | GeoPark |  |  | 100% |  | Llanos |  |  | 44.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploration: 2017 Exploitation: 2041
Colombia |  | Yamú |  | GeoPark |  |  | 54.5/75%(9 | ) | Llanos |  |  | 11.2 |  |  | 0.4(5) |  |  | 100% |  |  | 573 |  |  | 100% |  | Exploration: 2013 Exploitation: 2036
Colombia |  | Llanos 17 |  | Parex |  |  | 36.8%(10 | ) | Llanos |  |  | 108.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploration: 2015 Exploitation: 2039
Colombia |  | Llanos 32 |  | P1 Energy |  |  | 0%(11 | ) | Llanos |  |  | 100.3 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 100% |  |  | 202 |  |  | 100% |  | Exploration: 2015 Exploitation: 2039
Colombia |  | Jagüeyes 3432A |  | Columbus |  |  | 5% |  | Llanos |  |  | 61.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploration: 2014 Exploitation: 2038
Colombia |  | Arrendajo |  | Pacific |  |  | 0%(12 | ) | Llanos |  |  | 78.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 169 |  |  | 100% |  | Exploration: 2017 Production: 2041
Colombia |  | Abanico |  | Pacific |  |  | 0%(12 | ) | Magdalena |  |  | 32.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 94 |  |  | 100% |  | Production: 2022
Colombia |  | Cerrito |  | Pacific |  |  | 0%(12 | ) | Catatumbo |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 0% |  | Production: 2028
Subtotal Colombia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 575.7 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 100% |  |  | 6,075 |  |  | 100% |  |
Argentina |  | Del Mosquito |  | GeoPark |  |  | 100% |  | Austral |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 77% |  | Exploitation: 2016
Argentina |  | Cerro Doña Juana |  | GeoPark |  |  | 100% |  | Neuquén |  |  | 19.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploitation: 2017
Argentina |  | Loma Cortaderal |  | GeoPark |  |  | 100% |  | Neuquén |  |  | 28.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Exploitation: 2017
Subtotal Argentina |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  |  | 77% |  |
Total GeoPark |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,691.9 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 71% |  |  | 13,148 |  |  | 82% |  |

(1) Working interest corresponds to the working interests held by our respective subsidiaries in such block, net of any working interests and/or economic interests held by other parties in such block.

(2) As of the date of this prospectus, LGI has a 20% equity interest in our Chilean operations through GeoPark Chile and a 20% equity interest in our Colombian operations through GeoPark Colombia.

(3) Gross area refers to the total acreage of each block.

(4) Reflects net proved reserves as of December 31, 2012.

(5) According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in the addition of 2.4 mmboe, composed of 2.2 mmboe in the Llanos 34 Block and 0.2 mmboe in the Yamú Block, to our net proved reserves.

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(6) Reflects net average production for the first nine months of 2013. Net production refers to average production for each block, net of any working interests or economic interests held by others in such block but gross of any royalties due to others.

(7) LGI has a 14% direct equity interest in our Tierra del Fuego operations through GeoPark TdF and a 20% direct equity interest in GeoPark Chile, for a total 31.2% effective equity interest in our Tierra del Fuego operations. See "Business—Our operations—Operations in Chile—Tierra del Fuego Blocks (Isla Norte, Campanario and Flamenco Blocks)."

(8) In April 2013, we voluntarily relinquished to the Chilean government all of our acreage in the Otway Block, except for 49,421 acres. In May 2013, our partners under the joint operating agreement governing the Otway Block decided to withdraw from such joint operating agreement, and applied for an assignment of rights permit on August 5, 2013. On August 26, 2013, the Ministry of Energy granted this permit, such that, upon execution of a deed of assignment of rights containing the as-approved terms, we will be the sole participant, and have a 100% working interest, in our two remaining areas under the Otway Block CEOP. See "Business—Our operations—Operations in Chile—Otway and Tranquilo Blocks."

(9) Although we are the sole title holder of the working interest in the Yamú Block, other parties have been granted economic interests in fields in this block. Taking those other parties' interests into account, we have a 54.5% interest in the Carupana Field and a 75% interest in the Yamú and Potrillo Fields, both located in the Yamú Block.

(10) We currently have a 40% working interest in the Llanos 17 Block, although we have assigned a 3.2% economic interest to a third party. We expect to apply to formalize this assignment with the ANH so that it will be recognized as a working interest.

(11) We currently have a 10% economic interest in the Llanos 32 Block, although we have applied to the ANH to recognize this as a working interest in the block, and expect to receive the ANH's authorization in the first half of 2014.

(12) We do not have a working interest in those blocks, though we have a 10% economic interest in the net revenues of each of these blocks pursuant to various partnership interests agreements. See "Business—Our operations—Operations in Colombia."

Additionally, according to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, the net proved reserves attributable to our pending Rio das Contas acquisition in Brazil were 8.1 mmboe.

The table below summarizes information as of September 30, 2013 regarding the concessions in Brazil in which we currently have, and expect to further have, following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and Round 12 concessions, a working interest.

Concession |  | Gross acres (thousand acres) |  | Working interest(1) |  | Partners |  | Operator |  | Net proved reserves (mmboe) |  | Production (boepd) |  | Basin |  | Concession expiration year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
BCAM-40 |  |  | 22.8 |  | 10% |  |  | Petrobras; QGEP; Brasoil |  |  | Petrobras |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 3,721 |  | Camamu-Almada |  |  | Exploitation: 2029(2)-2034(3 | )
REC-T 94 |  |  | 7.7 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Recôncavo |  |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045 |
REC-T 85 |  |  | 7.7 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Recôncavo |  |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045 |
POT-T 664 |  |  | 7.9 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045 |
POT-T 665 |  |  | 7.9 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045 |
POT-T 619 |  |  | 7.9 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045 |
POT-T 620 |  |  | 7.9 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045 |
POT-T 663 |  |  | 7.9 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045 |
PN-T-597(4) |  |  | 188.7 |  | 100%(5) |  |  | —(5 | ) |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Parnaíba |  |  | —(4 | )
SEAL-T-268(4) |  |  | 7.8 |  | 100% |  |  | — |  |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Sergipe Alagoas |  |  | —(4 | )
Total Brazil |  |  | 274.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 3,721 |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Working interest corresponds to the working interests we expect to hold in such concession, net of any working interests held by other parties in such concession, following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and Round 12 concessions.

(2) Corresponds to the Manati Field.

(3) Corresponds to the Camarão Norte Field.

(4) Round 12 concessions are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements by the ANP.

(5) We expect to jointly develop this concession with Tecpetrol and assign 50% of our working interest in this concession to Tecpetrol.

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Our strengths

We believe that we benefit from the following competitive strengths:

High quality and diversified asset base built through a successful track record of organic growth and acquisitions

Our assets include a diverse portfolio of oil- and natural gas-producing reserves, operating infrastructure, operating licenses and valuable geological surveys. According to the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report, as of December 31, 2012, we had 16.8 mmboe of net proved reserves in Chile and Colombia, of which 71%, or 11.9 mmboe, was in oil, and 29%, or 4.9 mmboe, was in gas, and of which 37%, or 6.2 mmboe, was net proved developed reserves. Throughout our history, we have delivered continuous growth in our production, and our management team has been able to identify under-exploited assets and turn them into valuable, productive assets. For example, in 2002, we acquired a non-operating working interest in the Fell Block in Chile, which at the time had no material oil and gas production or reserves despite having been actively explored and drilled over the course of more than 50 years. Since 2006, when we became the operator of the Fell Block, through September 30, 2013, we have invested more than US$410 million and drilled approximately 92 wells in the block, with 72% of such wells becoming productive during that period. Currently, we are the operator and sole concessionaire of the Fell Block, which, during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, produced approximately 7,013 boepd from 61 active wells. As of September 30, 2013, we generated 67% of Chile's total oil production and 17% of its gas production, according to information provided by the Chilean Ministry of Energy.

The acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in Colombia in the first quarter of 2012 gave us access to an additional 574,979 of gross exploratory and productive acres across 10 blocks in what we believe to be one of South America's most attractive oil and gas geographies. According to the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report, as of December 31, 2012, the blocks in Colombia in which we have a working interest had 6.6 mmboe of net proved reserves, all of which were in oil. Additionally, according to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in the addition of 2.4 mmboe to our net proved reserves. Since we acquired Winchester, Luna and Cuerva, we were able to increase average production to 6,075 boepd in Colombia in the first nine months of 2013, an increase of 89% (on a pro forma basis, giving effect to our Colombian acquisitions) as compared to the first nine months of 2012. Also, we have been able to leverage our technical expertise and have made several discoveries in the Llanos Basin, including a discovery of oil located in the hanging wall of a normal fault in our Llanos 34 Block.

In addition, in line with our growth strategy, we announced the expansion of our footprint to Brazil. See "—Recent developments."

Significant drilling inventory and resource potential from existing asset base

Our portfolio includes large land holdings in high-potential hydrocarbon basins and blocks with multiple drilling leads and prospects in different geological formations, which provide a number of attractive opportunities with varying levels of risk. Our drilling inventory consists of over 200 identified drilling locations, and our development plans target locations that we believe are low-cost, provide attractive economics and support a predictable production profile. Currently, we are executing our most significant exploration and drilling plan to date:

•
  In Chile, we recently completed a 3D seismic survey covering approximately 315,000 gross acres, or 68% of the gross acres in our Tierra Del Fuego Blocks. Part of the survey took place in the Flamenco Block, where we drilled our first successful exploratory well (Chercán 1), which resulted in our first oil and gas

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discovery in Tierra del Fuego. We have completed the construction of a flowline to connect this well to existing infrastructure, and the well is currently producing approximately 3,250 mcfpd and 30 bopd under a long-term production test. We subsequently drilled two additional exploratory wells in the Flamenco Block (Omeling 1 and Yakamush 1). Our Tierra del Fuego Blocks have similar geological characteristics to the Fell Block, and we intend to replicate the exploration and development strategy we successfully executed in the Fell Block in these blocks. In 2011, we expanded into a new play concept following our first oil discovery in the Konawentru well in the Tobífera formation, a volcaniclastic reservoir that lies below the Springhill formation, the traditional sandstone of the Magallanes Basin. Since then, we have significantly increased our oil production from the drilling of additional wells in the formation and we plan to continue to explore this formation, which has been the focus of our drilling plan. See "—Recent developments—Fourth quarter 2013 operational highlights." We have also initiated a technical assessment of the oil and gas shale potential in the Estratos con Favrella shale formation in some of our blocks in Chile.

•
  In Colombia, following our identification of several leads and prospects in our Llanos 34 Block, our most prospective Colombian block, we completed a 3D seismic survey on most of the remaining 50% of the acreage that had not been previously surveyed. Furthermore, in the second quarter of 2013, we successfully put into production our third discovery, the Potrillo 1 well in the Yamú Block, and our fourth discovery, the Tarotaro 1 well in the Llanos 34 Block. In addition, in the fourth quarter of 2013, we drilled and tested the Tigana 1 exploration well in the Mirador and Guadalupe formations, our fifth new oil field discovery, and the Tigana Sur 1 exploration well in the Guadalupe formation, our sixth new oil field discovery in Colombia, both in the Llanos 34 Block. See "—Recent developments—Fourth quarter 2013 operational highlights."

Our geoscience team continues to identify new potential accumulations and expand our inventory of prospects and drilling opportunities, including the seven new exploratory concessions that we entered into with the ANP.

Strong liquidity and financial flexibility to fund expansion

We benefit from both historically consistent cash flows and access to debt and equity capital markets, as well as other funding sources, which have provided us with strong liquidity and the financial flexibility to finance our organic growth and the pursuit of potential new opportunities. We generated US$98.3 million and US$131.8 million in cash from operations in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively, and had US$104.8 million and US$38.3 million in cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

In February 2006, the IFC became a significant shareholder by contributing US$10 million. Later that year, we entered into a loan agreement for US$20 million with the IFC, which we have since fully repaid, to partially finance our investment program.

In 2006, we completed an initial public offering of our common shares outside the United States on AIM and, in 2008 and 2009, we issued and sold additional common shares outside the United States.

In 2007, we obtained financing from Methanex Chile S.A., or Methanex, the Chilean subsidiary of the Methanex Corporation, a leading global methanol producer, in an amount of US$40 million, structured as a gas pre-sale agreement with a six-year term at an interest rate equal to the six-month LIBOR.

In 2010, we issued US$133.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.75% senior secured notes in the international markets, or the Notes due 2015, which were redeemed following our issuance in 2013 of

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US$300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 7.50% senior secured notes due 2020, or the Notes due 2020.

Highly committed founding shareholders and technical and management teams with proven industry expertise and technically-driven culture

Our founding shareholders, management and operating teams have significant experience in the oil and gas industry and a proven technical and commercial performance record in onshore fields, as well as complex projects in South America and around the world, including expertise in identifying acquisition and expansion opportunities. Moreover, we differentiate ourselves from other E&P companies through our technically-driven culture, which fosters innovation, creativity and timely execution. Our geoscientists, geophysicists and engineers are pivotal to the success of our business strategy, and we have created an environment and supplied the resources that enable our technical team to focus its knowledge, skills and experience on finding and developing oil and gas fields.

In addition, we strive to provide a safe and motivating workplace for employees in order to attract, protect, retain and train a quality team in the competitive marketplace for capable energy professionals.

Our CEO, Mr. James Park, has been involved in E&P projects in South America since 1978. He has been closely involved in grass-roots exploration activities, drilling and production operations, surface and pipeline construction, legal and regulatory issues, crude oil marketing and transportation and capital raising for the industry. As of the date of this prospectus, Mr. Park held 16.32% of our outstanding common shares.

Our Chairman, Mr. Gerald O'Shaughnessy, has been actively involved in the oil and gas business internationally and in North America since 1976. As of the date of this prospectus, Mr. O'Shaughnessy held 17.18% of our outstanding common shares.

Our management and operating team has an average experience in the energy industry of approximately 25 years in companies such as Chevron, San Jorge, Petrobras, Total, Pluspetrol, ENAP and YPF, among others. Throughout our history, our management and operating team has had success in unlocking unexploited value from previously underdeveloped assets.

In addition, on a fully diluted basis, as of the date of this prospectus, our executive directors, management and employees (excluding our founding shareholders, Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy and Mr. James F. Park) owned 6.3% of our outstanding common shares, aligning their interests with those of our shareholders and helping retain the talent we need to continue to support our business strategy. See "Management—Compensation." Our founding shareholders are also involved in our daily operations and strategy.

Long-term strategic partnerships and strong strategic relationships, such as with LGI, provide us with additional funding flexibility to pursue further acquisitions

We benefit from a number of strong partnerships and relationships. In March 2010, we entered into a framework agreement with LGI to establish a strategic growth partnership to jointly acquire and invest in oil and natural gas projects throughout South America. In May 2011, our partnership with LGI was strengthened by LGI's acquisition of a 10% equity interest in our existing Chilean operations. In October 2011, LGI acquired an additional 10% equity interest in GeoPark Chile and a 14% equity interest in GeoPark TdF, and agreed to provide additional financial support for the further development of the Tierra del Fuego Blocks. Our relationship with LGI continues to grow. In December 2012, LGI acquired a 20% equity interest in our Colombian business. We also agreed with LGI to extend our strategic partnership in order to build a portfolio of upstream oil and gas assets throughout South America through 2015. We are currently the only

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independent E&P company in which LGI has equity investments in South America. See "Business—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI" for additional information relating to these agreements.

In addition, the IFC has been one of our shareholders since 2006, holding an 8% equity interest in us. In Chile, we have strong long-term commercial relationships with Methanex and ENAP, and in Colombia, through our acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva, we have inherited a strong relationship with Ecopetrol, the Colombian state-owned oil and gas company.

In Brazil, following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we expect to benefit from Rio das Contas's long-term relationship with Petrobras. Additionally, we have entered into a strategic alliance with Tecpetrol S.A., or Tecpetrol, to jointly identify, study and potentially acquire upstream oil and gas opportunities in Brazil. See "Recent developments—Strategic alliance with Tecpetrol."

Our strategy

Continue to grow a risk-balanced asset portfolio

We intend to continue to focus on maintaining a risk-balanced portfolio of assets, combining cash flow-generating assets with upside potential opportunities, and on increasing production and reserves through finding, developing and producing oil and gas reserves in the countries in which we operate. For example, in our recently announced expansion into Brazil, we have secured steady cash flows through our pending acquisition of Rio das Contas, as well as exploratory potential through our success in two ANP international bidding rounds in which we were awarded a total of nine concessions in Brazil. See "—Recent developments." We believe this approach will allow us to sustain continuous and profitable growth and also participate in higher-risk growth opportunities with upside potential.

Maintain conservative financial policies

We seek to maintain a prudent and sustainable capital structure and a strong financial position to allow us to maximize the development of our assets and capitalize on business opportunities as they arise. We intend to remain financially disciplined by limiting substantially all our debt incurrence to identified projects with repayment sources. We expect to continue benefiting from diverse funding sources such as our partners and customers in addition to the international capital markets.

Pursue strategic acquisitions in South America

We have historically benefited from, and intend to continue to grow through, strategic acquisitions. Our recent Colombian acquisitions highlight our ability to identify and execute opportunities at what we believe to be attractive prices. These acquisitions have provided us with, and we expect that our Brazil Acquisitions will provide us with, attractive platforms in those countries. Our enhanced regional portfolio, primarily in investment-grade countries, and strong partnerships position us as a regional consolidator. We intend to continue to grow through strategic acquisitions and potentially in other countries in South America, including Peru which has an investment-grade rating. Our acquisition strategy is aimed at maintaining a balanced portfolio of lower-risk cash flow-generating properties and assets that have upside potential, keeping a balanced mix of oil- and gas-producing assets (though we expect to remain weighted toward oil) and focusing on both assets and corporate targets.

Continue to foster a technically-driven culture and to capitalize on local knowledge

We intend to continue to build and strengthen an environment that will allow us to fully consider and understand risk and reward and to deliberately and collectively pursue strategies that maximize value. For this purpose, we intend to continue expanding our technical teams and to foster a culture that rewards talent according to results. For example, we have been able to maintain the technical teams we inherited

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through our Colombian acquisitions and intend to do so in Brazil following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition. We believe local technical and professional knowledge is key to operational and long-term success and intend to continue to secure local talent as we grow our business in different locations.

Maintain a high degree of operatorship

We currently are, and intend to continue to be, the operator of a majority of the blocks and concessions in which we have working interests. Operating the majority of our blocks and concessions gives us the flexibility to allocate our capital and resources opportunistically and efficiently. We believe that this strategy has allowed, and will continue to allow, us to leverage our unique culture and our talented technical, operating and management teams. As of December 31, 2012, 99.9% of our net proved reserves and 97% of our production came from blocks in which we are the operator. On a pro forma basis, accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, approximately 75% of our production as of September 30, 2013 would have come from blocks that we operate.

Maintain our commitment to environmental and social responsibility

A major component of our business strategy is our focus on our environmental and social responsibility. We are committed to minimizing the impact of our projects on the environment. We also aim to create mutually beneficial relationships with the local communities in which we operate in order to enhance our ability to create sustainable value in our projects. In line with the IFC's standards, our commitment to our environmental and social responsibilities is a major component of our business strategy. These commitments are embodied in our in-house designed Environmental, Health, Safety and Security management program, which we refer to as "S.P.E.E.D." (Safety, Prosperity, Employees, Environment and Community Development). Our S.P.E.E.D. program was developed in accordance with several international quality standards, including ISO 14001 for environmental management issues, OHSAS 18001 for occupational health and safety management issues, SA 8000 for social accountability and workers' rights issues, and applicable World Bank standards. See "Business—Health, safety and environmental matters."

Our corporate structure

We are an exempted company incorporated pursuant to the laws of Bermuda. We operate and own our assets directly and indirectly through a number of subsidiaries.

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The following chart shows our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus.

Following the completion of our Brazil Acquisitions, we expect that GeoPark Brasil Exploracão e Producão de Petróleo e Gás Ltda. (Brazil), or GeoPark Brazil, will hold the assets we acquire in Brazil.

Recent developments

Fourth quarter 2013 operational highlights

In the fourth quarter of 2013, our average oil and gas production totaled 14,548 boepd, a 37% increase as compared to our average oil and gas production for the fourth quarter of 2012 of 10,627 boepd, with oil and liquids representing 82% of our total production as compared to 75% for the fourth quarter of 2012. Oil production increased by 50% to 11,938 bopd (consisting of 4,160 bopd, 7,717 bopd and 61 bopd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the three months ended December 31, 2013, as compared to 7,939 bopd for the three months ended December 31, 2012. Gas production increased to 15,662 mcfpd (consisting of 15,526 mcfpd, 48 mcfpd and 88 mcfpd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the three months ended December 31, 2013. Oil production increased by 7% and 92% in Chile and Colombia, respectively, for the fourth quarter of 2013 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2012.

For the year ended December 31, 2013, our average oil and gas production totaled 13,517 boepd, a 20% increase as compared to our average oil and gas production for the year ended December 31, 2012 of 11,292 boepd. Oil and liquids represented 82% and 66% of our total oil and gas production for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Oil production increased by 48% to 11,113 bopd (consisting of 4,581 bopd, 6,482 bopd and 50 bopd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared to 7,491 bopd for the year ended December 31, 2012. Gas

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production increased to 14,419 mcfpd (consisting of 14,283 mcfpd, 52 mcfpd and 84 mcfpd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the year ended December 31, 2013.

The increase in oil production for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2013 was mainly due to the development of and new discoveries made in the Llanos 34 and Yamú Blocks in Colombia, as well as to the continuing development of the Tobífera formation in the Fell Block in Chile. In the fourth quarter of 2013, we installed the first electrical submersible pump, or ESP, in Chile, in the Yagan Norte 2 development well in the Fell Block in the Tertiary formation, reaching production of 560 bopd. Additionally, we tested the Punta Delgada Norte 4 well in the Fell Block at a depth of 2,198 feet, with gas flow at a rate of approximately 1.8 mmcfpd, representing a new gas field discovery.

In Colombia, in the Llanos 34 Block, we drilled and tested the Tigana 1 exploration well in the Mirador formation. The well is currently producing at a rate of approximately 2,126 bopd. In addition, we tested the Guadalupe formation, with production at a rate of approximately 1,465 bopd. We also drilled and tested the Tigana Sur 1 well in the Llanos 34 Block in the Guadalupe formation, which is currently producing approximately 1,598 bopd. The Tigana 1 and Tigana Sur 1 wells represent our fourth and fifth new oil field discoveries, respectively, in the Llanos 34 Block since 2012.

Oil production increased by 14% and 89% in Chile and Colombia, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the same period in 2012. In Chile, gas production decreased by 37% from 22,804 mcfpd for the year ended December 31, 2012 to 14,419 mcfpd for the year ended December 31, 2013, mainly due to the temporary shut-down of the Methanex plant from April to September of 2013.

On a pro forma basis, accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, our average oil and gas production for the year ended December 31, 2013 reached 17,098 boepd (consisting of 11,173 bopd of oil and 35,539 mcfpd of gas), with oil and liquids representing 65% of total production. For the quarter ended December 31, 2013, our pro forma production reached 18,212 boepd (consisting of 12,002 bopd of oil and 37,263 mcfpd of gas).

Award of two licenses in the Parnaíba and Sergipe Alagoas Basins in Brazil

On November 28, 2013, the ANP awarded us two new concessions in a new international bidding round, Round 12, in the following basins:

•
  Parnaíba Basin in the State of Maranhão: PN-T-597 Concession; and
•
  Sergipe Alagoas Basin in the State of Alagoas: SEAL-T-268 Concession.

Our winning bids are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements. For our winning bids on these two concessions, we have committed to invest a minimum of US$4.0 million (including bonus and work program commitments) during the first exploratory period. These two new concessions cover an area of approximately 196,500 acres.

Award of seven licenses in the Recôncavo and Potiguar Basins in Brazil

On May 14, 2013, the ANP awarded us seven new concessions in Brazil in an international bidding round, Round 11, in the following basins:

•
  the Recôncavo Basin in the State of Bahia: REC T 94 and REC T 85 Concessions; and
•
  the Potiguar Basin in the State of Rio Grande do Norte: POT-T 664, POT-T 665, POT-T 619, POT-T 620 and POT-T 663 Concessions.

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We entered into seven concession agreements with the ANP on September 17, 2013 for the right to exploit the oil and natural gas in these seven new license areas. For our winning bids on these seven concessions, we committed to invest a minimum of US$15.3 million (including bonuses and work program commitment) during the first three years of the exploratory period for the concessions, and expect to begin seismic work in the first half of 2014. These seven new concessions cover an area of approximately 54,850 gross acres.

Acquisition of Rio das Contas

On May 14, 2013, we agreed to acquire Rio das Contas, which holds a 10% working interest in the BCAM-40 Concession in the shallow-depth offshore Manati Field in the Camamu Almada Basin, from Panoro. The total cash consideration for the acquisition is US$140.0 million, subject to certain purchase price and easement adjustments. The Manati Field, which is in the production phase, is operated by Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.—Petrobras, or Petrobras (with a 35% working interest), the Brazilian national company and the largest oil and gas operator in Brazil, in partnership with Queiroz Galvão Exploração e Produção, or QGEP (with a 45% working interest), and Brasoil Manati Exploração Petrolífera S.A., or Brasoil (with a 10% working interest).

If the acquisition is completed, we believe the Manati Field will provide us with a strategically important upstream asset in Brazil. The shallow offshore Manati Field is the largest non-associated gas field in Brazil, which produced, in the year ended December 31, 2012, approximately 8.7% of the gas produced in Brazil. During the year ended December 31, 2012 and the first nine months of 2013, net production attributable to Rio das Contas in the Manati Field was approximately 3,677 boepd and 3,721 boepd, respectively.

We expect that our pending Rio das Contas acquisition in Brazil will provide us with a long-term off-take contract with Petrobras that covers approximately 74% of net proved gas reserves in the Manati Field, a valuable relationship with Petrobras and an established geoscience and administrative team to manage our Brazilian assets and to seek new growth opportunities.

In the year ended December 31, 2012, Rio das Contas generated net income of approximately US$23.2 million and revenues of approximately US$51.1 million.

In addition to the closing purchase price, the purchase agreement also provides that for each year from 2013 to and including 2017, we will make annual earn out payments to Panoro in an amount equal to 45% of net cash flow, calculated as EBITDA less the aggregate of capital expenditures and corporate income taxes, with respect to the BCAM-40 Concession of any amounts in excess of US$25.0 million, up to a maximum cumulative earn out amount of US$20.0 million.

The acquisition is subject to the approval of the ANP, among other regulatory authorities, and we expect to complete the acquisition in the first quarter of 2014. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Our pending acquisition of Rio das Contas is subject to ANP approvals" and "Business—Significant agreements—Brazil—Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement."

Strategic alliance with Tecpetrol

On September 30, 2013, we entered into a strategic alliance with Tecpetrol to jointly identify, study and potentially acquire upstream oil and gas opportunities in Brazil, with a specific focus on the Parnaíba, Sao Francisco, Recôncavo, Potiguar and Sergipe-Alagoas basins. Tecpetrol (the oil and gas subsidiary of the Techint Group) has an extensive track record as an oil and gas explorer and operator throughout the Americas, with a portfolio of assets in Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela and the United States and current net production of over 85,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day. As part of our strategic alliance with Tecpetrol, we expect to enter into an agreement with Tecpetrol to jointly develop, by assigning to Tecpetrol 50% of our working interest in, the PN-T-597 concession in the Parnaíba

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Basin in the State of Maranhão, which we were awarded by the ANP, subject to confirmation of qualification requirements.

Implications of being an emerging growth company

As a company with less than US$1.0 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other burdens that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include:

•
  a requirement to have only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations disclosure;
•
  an exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; and
•
  an exemption from any Public Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, rules mandating independent audit firm rotation or auditor discussion and analysis.

We may take advantage of these provisions for up to five years or such earlier time that we are no longer an emerging growth company. If during that five-year period:

•
  our annual gross revenue exceeds US$1.0 billion during any fiscal year;
•
  the aggregate amount of debt securities we issue during any three-year period exceeds US$1.0 billion; or
•
  the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of June 30 of any year,

we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. If we choose to take advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens, the information that we provide shareholders may be different than you might receive from other public companies in which you hold investments.

Corporate information

We were incorporated as an exempted company pursuant to the laws of Bermuda as GeoPark Holdings Limited in February 2006. On July 30, 2013, our shareholders approved a change in our name to GeoPark Limited, effective from July 31, 2013. We maintain a registered office in Bermuda at Cumberland House, 9th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda. Our principal executive offices are located at Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles 179, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, telephone number +562-2242-9600, and Florida 981, 1st floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina, telephone number +5411-4312-9400. Our website is www.geo-park.com. The information on our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.

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The offering

Issuer |  | GeoPark Limited
Underwriters |  | J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Banco BTG Pactual S.A.—Cayman Branch, Itau BBA USA Securities, Inc. and Scotia Capital (USA) Inc.
Offering |  | We are offering 13,500,000 common shares.
Offering price range |  | We expect the public offering price will be between US$7.00 and US$8.00 per common share.
Underwriters' over-allotment option |  | 800,000 common shares. See "Underwriting—Over-allotment option."
Share capital before and after offering |  | As of the date of this prospectus, our share capital consists of 43,861,614 issued and outstanding common shares.
|  | Immediately after the offering, we will have 57,361,614 common shares issued and outstanding, assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.
Listing |  | Our common shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE under the symbol "GPRK."
|  | Prior to this offering, our common shares have traded, and immediately subsequent to this offering, our common shares will continue to trade, on AIM under the symbol "GPK" and on the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange under the symbol "GPK." Conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, we intend to cancel the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM at 7:00 am GMT on February 19, 2014. We also intend to de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE.
Use of proceeds |  | We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately US$93.9 million, based on the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering that are payable by us.
|  | Each US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the public offering price per common share would increase (decrease) our net proceeds, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering that are payable by us, by approximately US$13.1 million.

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|  | The principal purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our common shares in the United States and to facilitate our future access to the U.S. public equity markets, as well as to obtain additional capital and enhance our financial flexibility.
|  | We may use a portion of the proceeds from this offering to finance or accelerate the growth of our operations in our current asset base, which we refer to as our organic expansion, and, following the completion of our Brazil Acquisitions, our Brazilian assets, or use the proceeds for general corporate purposes.
|  | In addition, we may use a portion of the proceeds from this offering for opportunistic acquisitions in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, as well as in other countries in South America, which may include Peru, though we currently do not have definitive plans or arrangements with respect to any potential investment in South America.
|  | Pending their use, we intend to invest the proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, which may include interest-bearing securities.
|  | In addition to being focused on the geographies mentioned above, our acquisition strategy is aimed at maintaining a balanced portfolio of lower-risk cash flow-generating properties and assets that have upside potential, as well as at keeping a balanced mix of oil- and gas-producing assets, though we expect to remain weighted toward oil.
|  | See "Use of proceeds."
Voting rights |  | Subject to Bermuda law, holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of holders of common shares. See "Description of share capital."
Dividend policy |  | Holders of common shares will be entitled to receive dividends, if any, paid on the common shares. The amount of any distributions will depend on many factors, such as our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors and shareholders.
|  | We have never paid, and do not intend to pay in the foreseeable future, cash dividends on our common shares. At the present time, we intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, generated by our operations for the development and growth of our business.

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|  | Additionally, we are subject to Bermuda legal constraints that may affect our ability to pay dividends on our common shares and make other payments. Under the Bermuda Companies Act 1981, as amended, or the Bermuda Companies Act, we may not declare or pay a dividend if there are reasonable grounds for believing that we are, or would after the payment be, unable to pay our liabilities as they become due or that the realizable value of our assets would thereafter be less than our liabilities. See "Dividend policy" and "Description of share capital."
Lock-up agreements |  | Subject to certain exceptions, we, our directors, executive officers and certain of our shareholders, collectively holding 26,115,962 of our common shares, or 59.5% of our common shares outstanding immediately prior to this offering, have entered into lock-up agreements with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. See "Underwriting—Lock-up agreements."
Material tax considerations |  | For certain U.S. federal income tax consequences with respect to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares, see "Material tax considerations—Material U.S. federal income tax considerations."
Indication of interest |  | We have received the following indications of interest to purchase in this offering, at the public offering price, an aggregate of US$60.0 million (or 8,000,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus): (i) Mr. James F. Park (or any of his affiliates), our Chief Executive Officer, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$2.0 million (or 266,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (ii) Mr. Juan Cristobal Pavez (or any of his affiliates), one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$5.0 million (or 666,666 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (iii) certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC: US$33.0 million (or 4,400,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Mr. Steven Quamme, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark Limited held by Cartica Management, LLC; and (iv) certain members of Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family (or any of their respective affiliates that do not include Mr. Gerald E.

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|  | O'Shaughnessy): US$20.0 million (or 2,666,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).
|  | Any shares acquired by Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family are not expected to be subject to the 180 day lock-up restrictions described in this prospectus. Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy, our Executive Chairman, a member of our board of directors and one of our principal shareholders is not expected to have a beneficial interest in the common shares that may be acquired by his family members. Because indications of interest are not binding agreements or commitments to purchase, the underwriters could determine to sell more, less or no shares to any of these individuals or private investment funds and any of these individuals or private investment funds could determine to purchase more, less or no shares in this offering. The underwriters will not receive any underwriting discount or commissions in connection with the sale of our common shares, to the extent they are purchased pursuant to these indications of interest.
|  | Following the completion of this offering, and assuming the purchase of all of the common shares described above, our board of directors and senior management will be deemed to beneficially own, in the aggregate approximately 48.8% of our outstanding common shares (assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option).
Risk factors |  | Investing in our common shares involves a significant degree of risk. See "Risk factors" beginning on page 34 and the other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider before deciding to invest in our common shares.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus:

•
  assumes no exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to 800,000 additional common shares to cover over-allotments, if any;
•
  assumes that the common shares to be sold in this offering will be sold at US$7.50, which is the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus; and
•
  excludes the awards and conversion thereof of 2,940,600 of our common shares granted to our employees and directors under our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program. See "Management—Compensation—Executive compensation—Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program."

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Summary historical financial data

We have derived our summary historical statement of income, balance sheet and cash flow data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 from our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, which have been audited by PwC.

The summary historical financial data as of September 30, 2013 and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 has been derived from the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, which in the opinion of our management, include all adjustments necessary to present fairly our results of operations and financial condition at the dates and for the periods presented. The results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that you should expect for the entire year ended December 31, 2013 or any other period.

We maintain our books and records in U.S. dollars and prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS.

This financial information should be read in conjunction with "Presentation of financial and other information," "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

This summary historical financial data set forth in this section does not include any results or other financial information of our Colombian acquisitions prior to their incorporation into our financial statements, or our Brazil Acquisitions.

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Statement of income data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | For the year ended December 31, |
(in thousands of US$, except per share numbers) |  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |
| 2012 |  | 2011 |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net oil sales |  |  | 235,225 |  |  | 158,309 |  |  | 221,564 |  |  | 73,508 |
Net gas sales |  |  | 15,305 |  |  | 23,830 |  |  | 28,914 |  |  | 38,072 |
Net revenue |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |
Production costs |  |  | (129,834 | ) |  | (88,656 | ) |  | (129,235 | ) |  | (54,513 | )
Gross profit(1) |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 93,483 |  |  | 121,243 |  |  | 57,067 |
Exploration costs |  |  | (16,012 | ) |  | (21,742 | ) |  | (27,890 | ) |  | (10,066 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | (32,050 | ) |  | (20,910 | ) |  | (28,798 | ) |  | (18,169 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (12,526 | ) |  | (15,650 | ) |  | (24,631 | ) |  | (2,546 | )
Other operating income/(expense) |  |  | 4,555 |  |  | 681 |  |  | 823 |  |  | (502 | )
Operating profit |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 35,862 |  |  | 40,747 |  |  | 25,784 |
Financial income |  |  | 1,562 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 162 |
Financial expenses |  |  | (28,762 | ) |  | (13,962 | ) |  | (17,200 | ) |  | (13,678 | )
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | — |
Profit before tax |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 30,665 |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 12,268 |
Income tax |  |  | (12,260 | ) |  | (6,266 | ) |  | (14,394 | ) |  | (7,206 | )
Profit for the period/year |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | 5,008 |
Profit attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 54 |
Earnings per share for profit attributable to owners of the Company—Basic |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 0.42 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 0.00 |
Earnings per share for profit attributable to owners of the Company—Diluted(2) |  |  | 0.34 |  |  | 0.40 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 0.00 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—Basic |  |  | 43,517,372 |  |  | 42,476,576 |  |  | 42,673,981 |  |  | 41,912,685 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—Diluted(2) |  |  | 46,298,301 |  |  | 44,879,887 |  |  | 44,109,305 |  |  | 43,917,167 |

(1) Gross profit is defined as net revenue minus production costs.

(2) See Note 18 to our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Balance sheet data

|  | As of September 30, |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2013 (unaudited) |
(in thousands of US$) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 571,394 |  |  | 457,837 |  |  | 224,635 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 17,560 |  |  | 10,707 |  |  | 2,957 |
Other financial assets |  |  | 3,952 |  |  | 7,791 |  |  | 5,226 |
Deferred income tax |  |  | 21,405 |  |  | 13,591 |  |  | 450 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 707 |
Total non-current assets |  |  | 616,279 |  |  | 490,436 |  |  | 233,975 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial assets |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,000 |
Inventories |  |  | 5,825 |  |  | 3,955 |  |  | 584 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 49,729 |  |  | 32,271 |  |  | 15,929 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 42,355 |  |  | 49,620 |  |  | 24,984 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 1,778 |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 147 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  |  | 104,797 |  |  | 48,292 |  |  | 193,650 |
Total current assets |  |  | 204,484 |  |  | 137,581 |  |  | 238,294 |
Total assets |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 628,017 |  |  | 472,269 |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 263,822 |  |  | 239,421 |  |  | 208,889 |
Equity attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | 88,540 |  |  | 72,665 |  |  | 41,763 |
Total equity |  |  | 352,362 |  |  | 312,086 |  |  | 250,652 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 290,490 |  |  | 165,046 |  |  | 134,643 |
Provisions for other long-term liabilities |  |  | 26,619 |  |  | 25,991 |  |  | 9,412 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred income tax |  |  | 23,834 |  |  | 17,502 |  |  | 13,109 |
Total non-current liabilities |  |  | 349,287 |  |  | 208,539 |  |  | 157,164 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 5,735 |  |  | 27,986 |  |  | 30,613 |
Current income tax |  |  | 13,196 |  |  | 7,315 |  |  | 187 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 100,183 |  |  | 72,091 |  |  | 33,653 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 119,114 |  |  | 107,392 |  |  | 64,453 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 468,401 |  |  | 315,931 |  |  | 221,617 |
Total equity and liabilities |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 628,017 |  |  | 472,269 |

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Cash flow data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | For the year ended December 31, |
|  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |
(in thousands of US$) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Cash provided by (used in) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  | 98,328 |  |  | 106,740 |  |  | 131,802 |  |  | 68,763 |
Investing activities |  |  | (176,664 | ) |  | (252,503 | ) |  | (303,507 | ) |  | (101,276 | )
Financing activities |  |  | 144,831 |  |  | 27,053 |  |  | 26,375 |  |  | 131,739 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash |  |  | 66,495 |  |  | (118,710 | ) |  | (145,330 | ) |  | 99,226 |

Other financial data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | For the year ended December 31, |
|  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Adjusted EBITDA(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(US$ thousands) |  |  | 125,894 |  |  | 94,793 |  |  | 121,404 |  |  | 63,391 |
Adjusted EBITDA margin(2) |  |  | 50.3% |  |  | 52.0% |  |  | 48.5% |  |  | 56.8% |
Adjusted EBITDA per boe(3) |  |  | 35.1 |  |  | 32.4 |  |  | 31.1 |  |  | 22.9 |

(1) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure. For a definition of Adjusted EBITDA and other information relating to this measure, see "Presentation of financial and other information—Financial statements—Non-IFRS financial measures."

(2) Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net revenue.

(3) Adjusted EBITDA per boe is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by total boe for the applicable period.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA per boe and Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of profit for the period/year for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except percentages) |  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |  | % change from prior period |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | % change from prior year |
Profit for the period/year attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | (12)% |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 21,898% |
Non-controlling interest |  | 9,436 |  | 6,566 |  |  | 44% |  | 6,567 |  | 5,008 |  |  | 31% |
Profit for the period/year |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 3% |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |  |  | 264% |
Income tax |  |  | 12,260 |  |  | 6,266 |  |  | 96% |  |  | 14,394 |  |  | 7,206 |  |  | 100% |
Net finance cost |  |  | 27,200 |  |  | 13,598 |  |  | 100% |  |  | 16,308 |  |  | 13,516 |  |  | 21% |
Others(1) |  |  | (6,216 | ) |  | (9,660 | ) |  | (36)% |  |  | (12,009 | ) |  | (1,362 | ) |  | 782% |
Impairment and write-off of exploration and evaluation assets |  |  | 11,955 |  |  | 20,298 |  |  | (41)% |  |  | 25,552 |  |  | 7,263 |  |  | 252% |
Accrual of stock options and stock awards |  |  | 5,946 |  |  | 3,664 |  |  | 62% |  |  | 5,396 |  |  | 5,298 |  |  | 2% |
Depreciation |  | 49,546 |  | 36,228 |  |  | 37% |  | 53,317 |  | 26,408 |  |  | 102% |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 125,894 |  |  | 94,793 |  |  | 33% |  |  | 121,404 |  |  | 63,391 |  |  | 92% |
Total boe (thousands of boe) |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | 2,927 |  |  | 23% |  |  | 3,904 |  |  | 2,771 |  |  | 41% |
Adjusted EBITDA per boe |  |  | 35.1 |  |  | 32.4 |  |  | 8% |  |  | 31.1 |  |  | 22.9 |  |  | 36% |

(1) Includes bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries of US$8.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 and for the year ended December 31, 2012. Includes capitalized costs relating to direct labor costs of our geological and geophysical department for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of profit for the period/year for Chile and Colombia for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
(in thousands of US$) |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Chile |  | Colombia |
Profit for the period/year attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 25,096 |  |  | 11,860 |  |  | 19,842 |  |  | 9,696 |  |  | 24,357 |  |  | 6,250 |  |  | 14,447 |  |  | — |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 6,338 |  |  | 3,098 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,008 |  |  | — |
Profit for the period/year |  |  | 31,434 |  |  | 14,958 |  |  | 26,408 |  |  | 9,696 |  |  | 30,924 |  |  | 6,250 |  |  | 19,455 |  |  | — |
Income tax |  |  | 5,262 |  |  | 9,312 |  |  | 6,968 |  |  | (702 | ) |  | 11,349 |  |  | 4,976 |  |  | 7,194 |  |  | — |
Net finance cost |  |  | 11,275 |  |  | 5,120 |  |  | 8,391 |  |  | 4,637 |  |  | 6,007 |  |  | 5,452 |  |  | 12,549 |  |  | — |
Others(1) |  |  | (6,216 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,318 | ) |  | (7,342 | ) |  | (3,608 | ) |  | (8,401 | ) |  | (1,362 | ) |  | — |
Impairment and write-off of exploration and evaluation assets |  |  | 8,711 |  |  | 3,244 |  |  | 13,627 |  |  | 4,727 |  |  | 18,490 |  |  | 5,147 |  |  | 5,919 |  |  | — |
Accrual of stock options and stock awards |  |  | 1,269 |  |  | 741 |  |  | 1,467 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,012 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,369 |  |  | — |
Depreciation |  |  | 21,835 |  |  | 27,477 |  |  | 22,178 |  |  | 13,249 |  |  | 28,734 |  |  | 21,050 |  |  | 25,297 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA(2) |  |  | 73,570 |  |  | 60,852 |  |  | 76,721 |  |  | 24,265 |  |  | 93,908 |  |  | 34,474 |  |  | 70,421 |  |  | — |

(1) Includes bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries of US$8.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 and for the year ended December 31, 2012. Includes capitalized costs relating to direct labor costs of our geological and geophysical department for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

(2) Our other operations accounted for US$(8.5) million and US$(6.2) million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and US$(7.0) million and US$(7.0) million for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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Summary unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data

The following tables present our summary unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data for the periods indicated below.

The summary unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data should be read in conjunction with "Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data," "Selected historical financial data" and "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations," our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes, the Colombian Acquisitions Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and the Rio das Contas Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, each included elsewhere in this prospectus.

We have derived the summary unaudited pro forma statement of income data for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the summary unaudited pro forma balance sheet data as of September 30, 2013 from the Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited pro forma statement of income data has been prepared to illustrate our combined results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 to give pro forma effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva, to our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and to the disposition of a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia as if these transactions had occurred as of January 1, 2012. The unaudited pro forma balance sheet data has been prepared to illustrate our combined financial condition as of September 30, 2013 to give pro forma effect to the pending acquisition of Rio das Contas as if it had been consummated on September 30, 2013.

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Pro forma statement of income data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 |  | For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | Pro forma (unaudited) |  | Historical (unaudited) |  | Pro forma (unaudited) |  | Historical |
Net revenue |  |  | 287,188 |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 325,403 |  |  | 250,478 |
Production costs |  |  | (156,795 | ) |  | (129,834 | ) |  | (175,651 | ) |  | (129,235 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 130,393 |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 149,752 |  |  | 121,243 |
Exploration costs |  |  | (16,012 | ) |  | (16,012 | ) |  | (28,227 | ) |  | (27,890 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | (33,459 | ) |  | (32,050 | ) |  | (34,331 | ) |  | (28,798 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (12,526 | ) |  | (12,526 | ) |  | (28,974 | ) |  | (24,631 | )
Other operating expense/(income) |  |  | 4,555 |  |  | 4,555 |  |  | 2,384 |  |  | (823 | )
Operating profit |  |  | 72,951 |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 60,604 |  |  | 40,747 |
Net financial results |  |  | (29,820 | ) |  | (27,200 | ) |  | (19,479 | ) |  | (16,308 | )
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | 8,401 |
Profit before tax |  |  | 43,131 |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 49,526 |  |  | 32,840 |
Income tax |  |  | (11,855 | ) |  | (12,260 | ) |  | (17,281 | ) |  | (14,394 | )
Profit for the period/year |  |  | 31,276 |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 32,245 |  |  | 18,446 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  | 21,840 |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 23,978 |  |  | 11,879 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 8,267 |  |  | 6,567 |

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Pro forma balance sheet data

|  | As of September 30, 2013 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | Pro forma (unaudited) |  | Historical (unaudited) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 706,730 |  |  | 571,394 |
Other |  |  | 45,117 |  |  | 44,885 |
Total non-current assets |  |  | 751,847 |  |  | 616,279 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade receivables |  |  | 59,669 |  |  | 49,729 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 42,566 |  |  | 42,355 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  |  | 46,569 |  |  | 104,797 |
Other |  |  | 7,666 |  |  | 7,603 |
Total current assets |  |  | 156,470 |  |  | 204,484 |
Total assets |  |  | 908,317 |  |  | 820,763 |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share premium |  |  | 120,338 |  |  | 120,338 |
Reserves |  |  | 127,848 |  |  | 127,848 |
Other |  |  | 15,636 |  |  | 15,636 |
Attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 263,822 |  |  | 263,822 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 88,540 |  |  | 88,540 |
Total equity |  |  | 352,362 |  |  | 352,362 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 360,940 |  |  | 290,490 |
Provisions for other long-term liabilities |  |  | 33,103 |  |  | 26,619 |
Deferred income tax |  |  | 27,677 |  |  | 23,834 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | 8,344 |
Contingent payment |  |  | 600 |  |  | — |
Total non-current liabilities |  |  | 430,664 |  |  | 349,287 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 102,781 |  |  | 100,183 |
Borrowings |  |  | 5,735 |  |  | 5,735 |
Other |  |  | 16,775 |  |  | 13,196 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 125,291 |  |  | 119,114 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 555,955 |  |  | 468,401 |
Total equity and liabilities |  |  | 908,317 |  |  | 820,763 |

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Pro forma other financial data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 |  | For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | (unaudited) |  | (unaudited) |
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(US$ thousands) |  |  | 148,423 |  |  | 168,708 |
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA margin(2) |  |  | 51.7% |  |  | 51.8% |
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA per boe(3) |  |  | 32.6 |  |  | 30.8 |
Pro forma Net Debt(4) (US$ thousands) |  |  | 320,106 |  |  | — |

(1) Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA is Adjusted EBITDA after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas. See "Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data—Note 6—Reconciliations" for a reconciliation.

(2) Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA margin is Adjusted EBITDA after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas divided by pro forma net revenue.

(3) Pro forma Adjusted EBTIDA per boe is Adjusted EBITDA divided by 4,559,032 and 5,472,543, representing total production, expressed in boe, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and for the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively.

(4) Pro forma Net Debt is borrowings less cash at bank and in hand after giving effect to our pending Rio das Contas acquisition.

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Summary historical reserves and operating data

Reserves data—Chile

The following table summarizes reserves data for the blocks in Chile in which we have a working interest as of December 31, 2012, which is derived from the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report.

|  | As of December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Estimated net proved reserves |  |  |  |
Oil (mmbbl) |  |  | 5.3 |
Gas (bcf) |  |  | 29.6 |
Total proved (mmboe) |  |  | 10.2 |
Proved developed (mmboe) |  |  | 4.2 |
Proved undeveloped (mmboe) |  |  | 6.0 |
Proved developed reserves as a percentage of total proved reserves |  |  | 41% |
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow (US$ millions)(1) |  |  | 202.4 |

(1) After corporate income taxes but before deducting non-controlling interest.

Reserves data—Colombia

The following table summarizes reserves data for the blocks in Colombia in which we have a working interest as of December 31, 2012, which is derived from the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report, unless otherwise indicated.

|  | As of December 31, 2012(2) |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Estimated net proved reserves |  |  |  |
Oil (mmbbl) |  |  | 6.6 |
Gas (bcf) |  |  | — |
Total proved (mmboe) |  |  | 6.6(2 | )
Proved developed (mmboe) |  |  | 2.0 |
Proved undeveloped (mmboe) |  |  | 4.6 |
Proved developed reserves as a percentage of total proved reserves |  |  | 30% |
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow (US$ millions)(1) |  |  | 133.6 |

(1) After corporate income taxes but before deducting non-controlling interest.

(2) Net proved reserves for Colombia do not include the additional net proved reserves of 2.4 mmboe as of June 30, 2013 attributable to new discoveries made in Colombia after December 31, 2012, described in the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report and presented in the table below.

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The following table summarizes reserves data for certain new discoveries made during the first half of 2013 in the Tarotaro and Potrillo Fields in Colombia, which is based on the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report.

|  | As of June 30, 2013 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Estimated net proved reserves |  |  |  |
Oil (mmbbl) |  |  | 2.4 |
Gas (bcf) |  |  | 0 |
Total proved (mmboe) |  |  | 2.4 |
Proved developed (mmboe) |  |  | 0.6 |
Proved undeveloped (mmboe) |  |  | 1.7 |
Proved developed reserves as a percentage of total proved reserves |  |  | 28% |
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow (US$ millions)(1) |  |  | 71.9 |

(1) After corporate income taxes but before deducting non-controlling interest.

Reserves data—Brazil

The following table summarizes reserves data for the Manati Field in Brazil, in which we expect to have a working interest through our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, as of June 30, 2013, which is derived from the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report.

|  | As of June 30, 2013 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Estimated net proved reserves |  |  |  |
Oil (mmbbl) |  |  | 0.1 |
Gas (bcf) |  |  | 48.1 |
Total proved (mmboe) |  |  | 8.1 |
Proved developed (mmboe) |  |  | 4.7 |
Proved undeveloped (mmboe) |  |  | 3.4 |
Proved developed reserves as a percentage of total proved reserves |  |  | 58% |
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flow (US$ millions)(1) |  |  | 137.2 |

(1) After corporate income taxes but before deducting non-controlling interest.

As of December 31, 2012, our reserves-to-production (or reserve life) ratio for net proved reserves was 4.1 years, 3.5 for Chile and 5.3 for Colombia. Our operations in Argentina included no proved reserves. As of June 30, 2013, our reserve life ratio for net proved reserves in Brazil attributable to Rio das Contas was 6.1 years.

As a result of our oil and gas production and drilling during 2013, our proved reserves estimates as of December 31, 2013 may change when compared to the estimates as of December 31, 2012. However, we expect that our proved reserves in Chile will remain relatively unchanged, with new proved reserves derived from discoveries offsetting the depletion of our proved reserves through our production throughout the year. In Colombia, we expect that our new discoveries in our blocks in the Llanos Basin will more than offset our production throughout the year.

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Operating data

The following table summarizes our operating data as of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Our consolidated operating data for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 includes the operating data of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva as of the dates of their respective acquisitions during the first quarter of 2012 and thus is not directly comparable to our operating data for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. Information relating to our Brazil Acquisitions is not included below.

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Net production volumes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil (mbbl) |  |  | 2,953 |  |  | 1,783 |  |  | 2,513 |  |  | 916 |
Gas (mmcf) |  |  | 3,820 |  |  | 6,862 |  |  | 8,346 |  |  | 11,135 |
Total (mboe) |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | 2,927 |  |  | 3,904 |  |  | 2,771 |
Average net production (boepd) |  |  | 13,148 |  |  | 11,533 |  |  | 11,292 |  |  | 7,593 |
Average realized sales price: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil (US$/bbl)(1) |  |  | 82.5 |  |  | 91.8 |  |  | 90.5 |  |  | 83.8 |
Gas (US$/mcf)(2) |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 3.9 |
Average realized sales price per boe |  |  | 73.5 |  |  | 66.6 |  |  | 69.1 |  |  | 44.6 |
Average unit costs per boe: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cost |  |  | 19.1 |  |  | 14.8 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 8.6 |
Royalties and other |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 1.7 |
Production costs(3) |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | 18.2 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 10.3 |
Depreciation |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 9.3 |
Total production cost |  |  | 36.2 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 33.1 |  |  | 19.7 |
Exploration costs |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 3.6 |
Administrative costs |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 6.6 |
Selling expenses |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 0.9 |

(1) Averaged realized sales price for oil does not include our Argentine blocks because our Argentine operations were not material during the periods presented.

(2) Averaged realized sales price for gas does not include our Argentine and Colombian blocks because our gas operations in those countries were not material during the periods presented.

(3) Calculated pursuant to FASB ASC 932.

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Risk factors

An investment in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should consider and read carefully all of the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this prospectus, including our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, the Colombian Acquisitions Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes and the Rio das Contas Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes, each appearing at the end of this prospectus, before deciding to invest in our common shares. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. The risks below are not the only ones facing our Company. Additional risks not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect us.

For purposes of this section, the indication that a risk, uncertainty or problem may or will have a "material adverse effect on us" or that we may experience a "material adverse effect" means that the risk, uncertainty or problem could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations and/or the market price of our common shares, except as otherwise indicated or as the context may otherwise require. You should view similar expressions in this section as having a similar meaning.

Risks relating to our business

A substantial or extended decline in oil, natural gas and methanol prices may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The prices that we receive for our oil and natural gas production heavily influence our revenues, profitability, access to capital and growth rate. Historically, the markets for oil, natural gas and methanol (which historically have influenced prices for almost all of our Chilean gas sales) have been volatile and will likely continue to be volatile in the future. International oil, natural gas and methanol prices have fluctuated widely in recent years and may continue to do so in the future.

The prices that we will receive for our production and the levels of our production depend on numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited, to the following:

•
  global economic conditions;
•
  changes in global supply and demand for oil, natural gas and methanol;
•
  the actions of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC;
•
  political and economic conditions, including embargoes, in oil-producing countries or affecting other countries;
•
  the level of oil- and natural gas-producing activities, particularly in the Middle East, Africa, Russia, South America and the United States;
•
  the level of global oil and natural gas exploration and production activity;
•
  the level of global oil and natural gas inventories;
•
  the price of methanol;
•
  availability of markets for natural gas;

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•
  weather conditions and other natural disasters;
•
  technological advances affecting energy production or consumption;
•
  domestic and foreign governmental laws and regulations, including environmental, health and safety laws and regulations;
•
  proximity and capacity of oil and natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities;
•
  the price and availability of competitors' supplies of oil and natural gas in captive market areas;
•
  quality discounts for oil production based, among other things, on API and mercury content;
•
  taxes and royalties under relevant laws and the terms of our contracts;
•
  our ability to enter into oil and natural gas sales contracts at fixed prices;
•
  the level of global methanol demand and inventories and changes in the uses of methanol;
•
  the price and availability of alternative fuels; and
•
  future changes to our hedging policies.

These factors and the volatility of the energy markets make it extremely difficult to predict future natural gas and oil price movements. For example, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013, NYMEX West Texas International, or WTI, crude oil contracts prices ranged from a low of US$64.78 per bbl to a high of US$113.39 per bbl, Henry Hub natural gas average monthly spot prices ranged from a low of US$1.82 per mmbtu to a high of US$7.51 per mmbtu, US Gulf methanol spot barge prices ranged from a low of US$324.61 per metric ton to a high of US$530.71 per metric ton and Brent spot prices ranged from a low of US$67.18 per barrel to a high of US$128.14 per barrel. Further, oil, natural gas and methanol prices do not necessarily fluctuate in direct relationship to each other. Moreover, natural gas prices have fallen to historic lows in recent periods, and it is unclear how long these low prices will be sustained.

As of December 31, 2012, natural gas comprised 29% of our net proved reserves, and we estimate that, as of June 30, 2013, 98% of Rio das Contas' net proved reserves consisted of natural gas. Following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we expect to benefit from a long-term off-take contract, at fixed prices indexed to a Brazilian inflation index, covering 74% of Rio das Contas' net proved reserves. See "Business—Significant agreements—Brazil—Petrobras Natural Gas Purchase Agreement." A decline in natural gas prices could negatively affect our future growth, particularly for future gas sales where we may not be able to secure or extend our current long-term contracts.

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012, 93.9% and 88.5% of our revenues, respectively, were derived from oil. Giving effect to our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, on a pro forma basis, 82.5% and 75.7% of our revenues would have been derived from oil in the same periods. See "Prospectus summary—Summary unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data" and "Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data." Because we expect that our production mix will continue to be weighted toward oil, our financial results are more sensitive to movements in oil prices.

Lower oil and natural gas prices may not only decrease our revenues on a per unit basis, but also may reduce the amount of oil and natural gas that we can produce economically. In addition, changes in oil and gas prices can impact our valuation of reserves and, in periods of sharply lower commodity prices, we may curtail production and capital spending projects or may defer or delay drilling wells because of lower cash

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flows. A substantial or extended decline in oil or natural gas prices would materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have historically not hedged our production to protect against fluctuations. We may in the future consider adopting a hedging policy against commodity price risk, when deemed appropriate and taking into account the size of our business and market volatility.

Unless we replace our oil and natural gas reserves, our reserves and production will decline over time. Our business is dependent on our continued successful identification of productive fields and prospects and the identified locations in which we drill in the future may not yield oil or natural gas in commercial quantities.

Production from oil and gas properties declines as reserves are depleted, with the rate of decline depending on reservoir characteristics. Accordingly, our current proved reserves will decline as these reserves are produced. For instance, based on our internal projections, we believe that the daily production in our Colombian blocks will peak in 2014 and decline thereafter, and that the daily production in the Fell Block and the Tierra del Fuego Blocks will peak in 2016 and decline thereafter. As of December 31, 2012, our reserves-to-production (or reserve life) ratio for net proved reserves in Chile and Colombia was 4.1 years. According to estimates included in the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report, if on January 1, 2013, we had ceased all drilling and development, including recompletions, refracs and workovers, then our proved developed producing reserves base in Chile, Colombia and Argentina would have declined at an annual effective rate of 40% over four years, including 41% during the first year. In Brazil, we believe that daily production in the Manati Field, in which we expect to acquire an interest following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, will peak in March 2017 and decline thereafter. According to estimates included in the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, if on January 1, 2013, we had ceased all drilling and development, including recompletions, refracs and workovers, then the proved developed producing reserves base attributable to the Manati Field in Brazil would have declined at an annual effective rate of 19% over the first four years, including 15% during the first year.

Our future oil and natural gas reserves and production, and therefore our cash flows and income, are highly dependent on our success in efficiently developing our current reserves and economically finding or acquiring additional recoverable reserves. While we have had success in identifying and developing commercially exploitable deposits and drilling locations in the past, we may be unable to replicate that success in the future. We may not identify any more commercially exploitable deposits or successfully drill, complete or produce more oil or gas reserves, and the wells which we have drilled and currently plan to drill within our blocks or concession areas may not discover or produce any further oil or gas or may not discover or produce additional commercially viable quantities of oil or gas to enable us to continue to operate profitably. If we are unable to replace our current and future production, the value of our reserves will decrease, and our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially adversely affected.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales to a few key customers.

In Chile, 100% of our crude oil and condensate sales are made to ENAP. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, sales to ENAP represented 44.2% of our revenues from oil and 41.5% of our total revenues. ENAP imports the majority of the oil it refines and partially supplements those imports with volumes supplied locally by its own operated fields and those operated by us. The initial term of our sales contract with ENAP expired on August 31, 2012, but the contract provides that, unless either we or ENAP provides prior notice of 45 days, the term of the contract is automatically extended every six months, until the expiration of the Fell Block CEOP, which is the earlier of August 24, 2032 and the date on which we cease exploitation of hydrocarbons in the Fell Block. We and ENAP are currently negotiating a new contract for a period of one year, which will be subject to extension in a similar fashion, and which we expect will

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take effect in the first half of 2014. However, if ENAP were to decrease or cease purchasing oil from us, or if we were unable to renew our contract with ENAP at a lower sales price or at all, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In Colombia, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we made 52.2% of our oil sales to Gunvor, 25.5% to Hocol S.A., or Hocol, a subsidiary of Ecopetrol, and 10.5% to Trenaco, with Gunvor accounting for 27.1%, Hocol 13.2% and Trenaco 5.5% of our overall revenues for the same period. Our current sales contracts with Hocol, Trenaco and Gunvor are short-term agreements. If any of Hocol, Trenaco or Gunvor were to decrease or cease purchasing oil from us, or if any of them were to decide not to renew their contracts with us or to renew them at a lower sales price, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In Brazil, if our pending Rio das Contas acquisition is completed, we expect that all of our revenues from the sale of gas in the Manati Field in Brazil will be generated from sales to Petrobras, the operator of the Manati Field, pursuant to a long-term gas off-take contract. See "Business—Significant agreements—Brazil—Petrobras Natural Gas Purchase Agreement."

There are inherent risks and uncertainties relating to the exploration and production of oil and natural gas.

Our performance depends on the success of our exploration and production activities and on the existence of the infrastructure that will allow us to take advantage of our oil and gas reserves. Oil and natural gas exploration and production activities are subject to numerous risks beyond our control, including the risk that exploration activities will not identify commercially viable quantities of oil or natural gas. Our decisions to purchase, explore, develop or otherwise exploit prospects or properties will depend in part on the evaluation of seismic and other data obtained through geophysical, geochemical and geological analyses, production data and engineering studies, the results of which are often inconclusive or subject to varying interpretations.

Furthermore, the marketability of any oil and natural gas production from our projects may be affected by numerous factors beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to, proximity and capacity of pipelines and other means of transportation, the availability of upgrading and processing facilities, equipment availability and government laws and regulations (including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to prices, sale restrictions, taxes, governmental stake, allowable production, importing and exporting of oil and natural gas, environmental protection and health and safety). The effect of these factors, individually or jointly, cannot be accurately predicted, but may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

There can be no assurance that our drilling programs will produce oil and natural gas in the quantities or at the costs anticipated, or that our currently producing projects will not cease production, in part or entirely. Drilling programs may become uneconomic as a result of an increase in our operating costs or as a result of a decrease in market prices for oil and natural gas. Our actual operating costs or the actual prices we may receive for our oil and natural gas production may differ materially from current estimates. In addition, even if we are able to continue to produce oil and gas, there can be no assurance that we will have the ability to market our oil and gas production. See "—Our inability to access needed equipment and infrastructure in a timely manner may hinder our access to oil and natural gas markets and generate significant incremental costs or delays in our oil and natural gas production" below.

Our identified potential drilling location inventories are scheduled over many years, making them susceptible to uncertainties that could materially alter the occurrence or timing of their drilling.

Our management team has specifically identified and scheduled certain potential drilling locations as an estimation of our future multi-year drilling activities on our existing acreage. As of September 30, 2013,

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approximately 50 of our specifically identified potential future drilling locations were attributed to proved undeveloped reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina. These identified potential drilling locations, including those without proved undeveloped reserves, represent a significant part of our growth strategy. In Brazil, we have not yet conducted seismic surveys in the seven new concession areas awarded to us by the ANP to allow us to identify any potential drilling locations; however, we expect such agreements to contain a minimum commitment to drill two wells in total in the three years following their execution.

Our ability to drill and develop these identified potential drilling locations depends on a number of factors, including oil and natural gas prices, the availability and cost of capital, drilling and production costs, the availability of drilling services and equipment, drilling results, lease expirations, the availability of gathering systems, marketing and transportation constraints, refining capacity, regulatory approvals and other factors. Because of the uncertainty inherent in these factors, there can be no assurance that the numerous potential drilling locations we have identified will ever be drilled or, if they are, that we will be able to produce oil or natural gas from these or any other potential drilling locations.

Our business requires significant capital investment and maintenance expenses, which we may be unable to finance on satisfactory terms or at all.

The oil and natural gas industry is capital intensive and we expect to make substantial capital expenditures in our business and operations for the exploration and production of oil and natural gas reserves. We made US$303.5 million and US$191.5 million of capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2012 and the first nine months of 2013, respectively, and we expect to have spent a total of approximately US$200 million to US$230 million in capital expenditures in 2013.

In 2014, we expect our total capital expenditures to be between US$220 million to US$250 million, of which approximately 62%, 32% and 5% will be in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, respectively. We expect these capital expenditures to include the drilling of 50 to 60 new wells (approximately 40% of which we expect to be exploratory wells), as well as workovers, seismic surveys and new facility construction. In Brazil, we expect our capital expenditures will consist of between US$5 million to US$7.5 million to finance in part the construction of a gas compression plant in the Manati Field following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and approximately US$0.45 million in license fee payments to the ANP relating to our Round 12 concessions, with the remainder for seismic surveys in exploration blocks in the Potiguar and Recôncavo Basins. In addition, in Brazil, we expect to spend US$140 million, subject to certain adjustments, to acquire Rio das Contas, which we intend to finance through the incurrence of a loan of approximately US$70.5 million and cash on hand.

The actual amount and timing of our future capital expenditures may differ materially from our estimates as a result of, among other things, commodity prices, actual drilling results, the availability of drilling rigs and other equipment and services, and regulatory, technological and competitive developments. In response to improvements in commodity prices, we may increase our actual capital expenditures. We intend to finance our future capital expenditures through cash generated by our operations and potential future financing arrangements. However, our financing needs may require us to alter or increase our capitalization substantially through the issuance of debt or equity securities or the sale of assets.

If our capital requirements vary materially from our current plans, we may require further financing. In addition, we may incur significant financial indebtedness in the future, which may involve restrictions on other financing and operating activities. These changes could cause our cost of doing business to increase, limit our ability to pursue acquisition opportunities, reduce cash flow used for drilling and place us at a competitive disadvantage. A significant reduction in cash flows from operations or the availability of credit could materially adversely affect our ability to achieve our planned growth and operating results.

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We are subject to complex laws common to the oil and natural gas industry, which can have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The oil and natural gas industry is subject to extensive regulation and intervention by governments throughout the world, including extensive local, state and federal regulations, in such matters as the award of exploration and production interests, the imposition of specific exploration and drilling obligations, allocation of and restrictions on production, price controls, required divestments of assets and foreign currency controls, and the development and nationalization, expropriation or cancellation of contract rights.

We have been required in the past, and may be required in the future, to make significant expenditures to comply with governmental laws and regulations, including with respect to the following matters:

•
  licenses, permits and other authorizations for drilling operations;
•
  reports concerning operations;
•
  compliance with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations;
•
  drafting and implementing emergency planning;
•
  plugging and abandonment costs; and
•
  taxation.

Under these laws and regulations, we could be liable for, among other things, personal injury, property damage, environmental damage and other types of damage. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may also result in the suspension or termination of our operations and subject us to administrative, civil and criminal penalties. Moreover, these laws and regulations could change in ways that could substantially increase our costs. Any such liabilities, obligations, penalties, suspensions, terminations or regulatory changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition, the terms and conditions of the agreements under which our oil and gas interests are held generally reflect negotiations with governmental authorities and can vary significantly. These agreements take the form of special contracts, concessions, licenses, associations or other types of agreements. Any suspensions, terminations or regulatory changes in respect of these special contracts, concessions, licenses, associations or other types of agreements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Oil and gas operations contain a high degree of risk and we may not be fully insured against all risks we face in our business.

Oil and gas exploration and production is speculative and involves a high degree of risk and hazards. In particular, our operations may be disrupted by risks and hazards that are beyond our control and that are common among oil and gas companies, including environmental hazards, blowouts, industrial accidents, occupational safety and health hazards, technical failures, labor disputes, community protests or blockades, unusual or unexpected geological formations, flooding, earthquakes and extended interruptions due to weather conditions, explosions and other accidents. For example, we recently experienced a well control incident in our Chercán 1 well in the Flamenco Block in Chile. While we were able to bring that incident under control without injuries or environmental damage, there can be no assurance that we will not experience similar or more serious incidents in the future, which could result in damage to, or destruction of, wells or production facilities, personal injury, environmental damage, business interruption, financial losses and legal liability.

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While we believe that we maintain customary insurance coverage for companies engaged in similar operations, we are not fully insured against all risks in our business. In addition, insurance that we do and may carry may contain significant exclusions from and limitations on coverage. We may elect not to obtain certain non-mandatory types of insurance if we believe that the cost of available insurance is excessive relative to the risks presented. The occurrence of a significant event or a series of events against which we are not fully insured and any losses or liabilities arising from uninsured or underinsured events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The development schedule of oil and natural gas projects is subject to cost overruns and delays.

Oil and natural gas projects may experience capital cost increases and overruns due to, among other factors, the unavailability or high cost of drilling rigs and other essential equipment, supplies, personnel and oil field services. The cost to execute projects may not be properly established and remains dependent upon a number of factors, including the completion of detailed cost estimates and final engineering, contracting and procurement costs. Development of projects may be materially adversely affected by one or more of the following factors:

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  shortages of equipment, materials and labor;
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  fluctuations in the prices of construction materials;
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  delays in delivery of equipment and materials;
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  labor disputes;
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  political events;
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  title problems;
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  obtaining easements and rights of way;
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  blockades or embargoes;
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  litigation;
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  compliance with governmental laws and regulations, including environmental, health and safety laws and regulations;
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  adverse weather conditions;
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  unanticipated increases in costs;
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  natural disasters;
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  accidents;
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  transportation;
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  unforeseen engineering and drilling complications;
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  environmental or geological uncertainties; and
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  other unforeseen circumstances.

Any of these events or other unanticipated events could give rise to delays in development and completion of our projects and cost overruns.

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For example, the drilling and completion cost for the exploratory well Max x-1 in our Llanos 34 Block in Colombia was originally budgeted at US$9.7 million, but the actual cost of completion was approximately US$12.3 million, mainly due to the need for a side-track of the well after mechanical problems arose during the final phase of drilling.

Delays in the construction and commissioning of projects or other technical difficulties may result in future projected target dates for production being delayed or further capital expenditures being required. These projects may often require the use of new and advanced technologies, which can be expensive to develop, purchase and implement and may not function as expected. Such uncertainties and operating risks associated with development projects could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Competition in the oil and natural gas industry is intense, which makes it difficult for us to acquire properties and prospects, market oil and natural gas and secure trained personnel.

We compete with the major oil and gas companies engaged in the exploration and production sector, including state-owned exploration and production companies that possess substantially greater financial and other resources than we do for researching and developing exploration and production technologies and access to markets, equipment, labor and capital required to acquire, develop and operate our properties. We also compete for the acquisition of licenses and properties in the countries in which we operate.

Our competitors may be able to pay more for productive oil and natural gas properties and exploratory prospects and to evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties and prospects than our financial or personnel resources permit. Our competitors may also be able to offer better compensation packages to attract and retain qualified personnel than we are able to offer. In addition, there is substantial competition for capital available for investment in the oil and natural gas industry. As a result of each of the foregoing, we may not be able to compete successfully in the future in acquiring prospective reserves, developing reserves, marketing hydrocarbons, attracting and retaining quality personnel or raising additional capital, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. See "Business—Our competition."

In Chile, we partner with and sell to, and may from time to time compete with, ENAP and, to a lesser extent, some companies with operations in Argentina mentioned below. In Colombia, we partner with and sell to, and may from time to time compete with, Ecopetrol, as well as with privately-owned companies such as Pacific Rubiales, Gran Tierra, Petrominerales, Parex Resources Colombia Ltd. Sucursal, or Parex, and Canacol, among others. In Brazil, we expect to partner with and sell to, and may from time to time compete with, Petrobras, privately-owned companies such as HRT, QGEP, Brasoil and some of the Colombian companies mentioned above, which have entered into Brazil, among others. In Argentina, we compete for resources with YPF, as well as with privately-owned companies such as Pan American Energy, Pluspetrol, Tecpetrol, Chevron, Wintershall, Total, Sinopec and others.

Our estimated oil and gas reserves are based on assumptions that may prove inaccurate.

Our oil and gas reserves estimates in Chile, Colombia and Argentina as of December 31, 2012 are based on the D&M Year-end Reserves Report; our oil and gas reserves estimates for certain new discoveries made in Colombia after December 31, 2012, as of June 30, 2013, are based on the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report; and the oil and gas reserves estimates attributable to Rio das Contas in Brazil as of June 30, 2013 are also based on the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report. Although classified as "proved reserves," the reserves estimates set forth in the D&M Reserves Reports are based on certain assumptions that may prove inaccurate. D&M's primary economic assumptions in estimates included oil and

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gas sales prices determined according to SEC guidelines, future expenditures and other economic assumptions (including interests, royalties and taxes) as provided by us.

In Brazil, D&M's estimates are also based in part on the assumption that the gas compression facility for the Manati Field will be constructed in 2014.

Oil and gas reserves engineering is a subjective process of estimating accumulations of oil and gas that cannot be measured in an exact way, and estimates of other engineers may differ materially from those set out herein. Numerous assumptions and uncertainties are inherent in estimating quantities of proved oil and gas reserves, including projecting future rates of production, timing and amounts of development expenditures and prices of oil and gas, many of which are beyond our control. Results of drilling, testing and production after the date of the estimate may require revisions to be made. For example, if we are unable to sell our oil and gas to customers, this may impact the estimate of our oil and gas reserves. Accordingly, reserves estimates are often materially different from the quantities of oil and gas that are ultimately recovered, and if such recovered quantities are substantially lower that the initial reserves estimates, this could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

D&M has begun the process of preparing a new reserves report with updated information as of December 31, 2013; however, such report will be likely unavailable until the end of the first quarter of 2014. We cannot predict whether the new reserves report will contain material differences in our reserves information as compared with the D&M 2012 Year-End Reserves Report or the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report included in this prospectus.

Our inability to access needed equipment and infrastructure in a timely manner may hinder our access to oil and natural gas markets and generate significant incremental costs or delays in our oil and natural gas production.

Our ability to market our oil and natural gas production depends substantially on the availability and capacity of processing facilities, oil tankers, transportation facilities (such as pipelines, crude oil unloading stations and trucks) and other necessary infrastructure, which may be owned and operated by third parties. Our failure to obtain such facilities on acceptable terms or on a timely basis could materially harm our business. We may be required to shut in oil and gas wells because access to transportation or processing facilities may be limited or unavailable when needed. If that were to occur, then we would be unable to realize revenue from those wells until arrangements were made to deliver the production to market, which could cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the shutting in of wells can lead to mechanical problems upon bringing the production back on line, potentially resulting in decreased production and increased remediation costs. The exploitation and sale of oil and natural gas and liquids will also be subject to timely commercial processing and marketing of these products, which depends on the contracting, financing, building and operating of infrastructure by third parties.

In Chile, we transport the crude oil we produce in the Fell Block by truck to ENAP's processing, storage and selling facilities at the Gregorio Refinery. ENAP currently purchases all of the crude oil we produce in Chile. We rely upon the continued good condition, maintenance and accessibility of the roads we use to deliver the crude oil we produce. If the condition of these roads were to deteriorate or if they were to become inaccessible for any period of time, this could delay delivery of crude oil in Chile and materially harm our business. For example, in January 2011, social and labor unrest resulted in the roads to the Gregorio Refinery being closed for two days, and we were unable to deliver crude oil to ENAP.

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In the future, once production begins in the Tierra del Fuego Blocks, we will temporarily depend on the existence of continuous ferry service to be able to transport crude oil from the island of Tierra del Fuego to the mainland. Ferry service may be adversely affected by weather conditions, in particular by certain combinations of strong winds and tidal currents that may occur, which may adversely affect our ability to deliver the crude oil we produce in Tierra del Fuego. In the Fell Block, we depend on ENAP-owned gas pipelines to deliver the gas we produce to Methanex, the sole purchaser of the gas we produce in Chile. If ENAP's pipelines were unavailable, this could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to deliver and sell our product to Methanex, which could have a material adverse effect on our gas sales. In addition, gas production in some areas in the Tierra del Fuego Blocks and the Otway and Tranquilo Blocks could require us to build a new network of gas pipelines in order for us to be able to deliver our product to market, which could require us to make significant capital investments.

In Colombia, producers of crude oil have suffered from tanker transportation feasibility issues and limited storage capacity, which cause delays in delivery and transfer of title of crude oil. Such capacity issues in Colombia may require us to transport crude from our Colombian operations via truck, which may increase the costs of those operations. Road infrastructure is limited in certain areas in which we operate, and certain communities have used and may continue to use road blockages, which can sometimes interfere with our operations in these areas.

While Brazil has a well-developed network of hydrocarbon pipelines, storage and loading facilities, we may not be able to access these facilities when needed. Pipeline facilities in Brazil are often full and seasonal capacity restrictions may occur, particularly in natural gas pipelines. Our failure to secure transportation or access to pipelines or other facilities once we commence operations in the seven concessions we were awarded in Brazil on acceptable terms or on a timely basis could materially harm our business.

Our use of seismic data is subject to interpretation and may not accurately identify the presence of oil and natural gas.

Even when properly used and interpreted, seismic data and visualization techniques are tools only used to assist geoscientists in identifying subsurface structures as well as eventual hydrocarbon indicators, and do not enable the interpreter to know whether hydrocarbons are, in fact, present in those structures. In addition, the use of seismic and other advanced technologies requires greater pre-drilling expenditures than traditional drilling strategies, and we could incur losses as a result of these expenditures. Because of these uncertainties associated with our use of seismic data, some of our drilling activities may not be successful or economically viable, and our overall drilling success rate or our drilling success rate for activities in a particular area could decline, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Through our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we will begin to face operational risks relating to offshore drilling that we have not faced in the past.

To date, we have operated solely as an onshore oil and gas exploration and production company. However, our operations in the Manati Field in Brazil, which we expect to commence following the closing of our Rio das Contas acquisition, will include shallow offshore drilling activity in two concession areas in the Camamu-Almada Basin, which we expect will be operated by Petrobras.

Offshore operations are subject to a variety of operating risks and laws and regulations, including among other things, with respect to environmental, health and safety matters, specific to the marine environment, such as capsizing, collisions and damage or loss from hurricanes or other adverse weather conditions. These conditions can cause substantial damage to facilities and interrupt production. As a result, we could incur substantial liabilities, compliance costs, fines or penalties that could reduce or eliminate the funds available for exploration, development or leasehold acquisitions, or result in loss of equipment and

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properties. For example, the Manati Field has been subject to administrative infraction notices, which have resulted in fines against Petrobras in an aggregate amount of US$12.5 million, all of which are pending a final decision of the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio-Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis), or IBAMA. Although the administrative fines were filed against Petrobras, as a party to the concession agreement governing the Manati Field, Rio das Contas may be liable up to its participation interest of 10%. See "Business—Health, safety and environmental matters—Other regulation of the oil and gas industry—Brazil."

Additionally, offshore drilling generally requires more time and more advanced drilling technologies, involving a higher risk of technological failure and usually higher drilling costs. Offshore projects often lack proximity to the physical and oilfield service infrastructure, necessitating significant capital investment in flow line infrastructure before we can market the associated oil or gas of a commercial discovery, increasing both the financial and operational risk involved with these operations. Because of the lack and high cost of infrastructure, some offshore reserve discoveries may never be produced economically.

Further, because we will not be the operator of our offshore drilling fields, all of these risks may be heightened since they are outside of our control. Following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we will obtain a 10% interest in the Manati Field which limits our operating flexibility in such offshore fields. See "—We are not, and may not be in the future, the sole owner or operator of all of our licensed areas and do not, and may not in the future, hold all of the working interests in certain of our licensed areas. Therefore, we may not be able to control the timing of exploration or development efforts, associated costs, or the rate of production of any non-operated and to an extent, any non-wholly-owned, assets."

We may suffer delays or incremental costs due to difficulties in the negotiations with landowners and local communities where our reserves are located.

Access to the sites where we operate requires agreements (including, for example, assessments, rights of way and access authorizations) with the landowners and local communities. If we are unable to negotiate agreements with landowners, we may have to go to court to obtain access to the sites of our operations, which may delay the progress of our operations at such sites. In Chile, for example, we have negotiated the necessary agreements for many of our current operations in the Magallanes Basin. In the Tierra del Fuego Blocks, although we have successfully negotiated access to our sites, any future disputes with landowners or court proceedings may delay our operations in Tierra del Fuego. In Brazil, in the event that recent social unrest continues or intensifies, this may lead to delays or damage relating to our ability to operate the assets we have acquired or may acquire in our Brazil Acquisitions.

In Colombia, although we have agreements with many landowners and are in negotiations with others, we expect our costs to increase following current and future negotiations regarding access to our blocks, as the economic expectations of landowners have generally increased, which may delay access to existing or future sites. In addition, the expectations and demands of local communities on oil and gas companies operating in Colombia have increased in the wake of recent changes to the royalty regime in Colombia. As a result, local communities have demanded that oil and gas companies invest in remediating and improving public access roads, compensate them for any damages related to use of such roads and, more generally, invest in infrastructure that was previously paid for with public funds. Due to these circumstances, oil and gas companies in Colombia, including us, are now dealing with increasing difficulties resulting from instances of social unrest, temporary road blockages and conflicts with landowners. For example, during the recent national unrest in Colombia, access to our Llanos 34 Block was blocked by the local community, resulting in our suspension of production for a period of five days.

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There can be no assurance that disputes with landowners and local communities will not delay our operations or that any agreements we reach with such landowners and local communities in the future will not require us to incur additional costs, thereby materially adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations. Local communities may also protest or take actions that restrict or cause their elected government to restrict our access to the sites of our operations, which may have a material adverse effect on our operations at such sites.

Under the terms of some of our various CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements, we are obligated to drill wells, declare any discoveries and file periodic reports in order to retain our rights and establish development areas. Failure to meet these obligations may result in the loss of our interests in the undeveloped parts of our blocks or concession areas.

In order to protect our exploration and production rights in our license areas, we must meet various drilling and declaration requirements. In general, unless we make and declare discoveries within certain time periods specified in our various CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements, our interests in the undeveloped parts of our license areas may lapse. Should the prospects we have identified under these contracts and agreements yield discoveries, we may face delays in drilling these prospects or be required to relinquish these prospects. The costs to maintain or operate the CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements over such areas may fluctuate and may increase significantly, and we may not be able to meet our commitments under such contracts and agreements on commercially reasonable terms or at all, which may force us to forfeit our interests in such areas. For example, on January 17, 2013, we voluntarily and formally announced to the Chilean Ministry of Energy our decision not to proceed with the second exploration period and to terminate the exploration phase under the Tranquilo Block CEOP, and subsequently relinquished all areas of the Tranquilo Block, except for an area of 92,417 gross acres, where we declared four hydrocarbons discoveries. Additionally, on April 10, 2013, we voluntarily and formally announced to the Chilean Ministry of Energy our decision not to proceed with the second exploratory period and to terminate the exploration phase under the Otway Block CEOP, and subsequently relinquished all areas of the Otway Block, except for two areas totaling 49,421 gross acres in which we have declared hydrocarbons discoveries. See "Business—Our operations—Operations in Argentina—Del Mosquito Block" and "Business—Our operations—Operations in Chile—Otway and Tranquilo Blocks."

For additional detail regarding the status of our operations with respect to our various special contracts and concession agreements, see "Business—Our operations."

A significant amount of our reserves and production have been derived from our operations in one block, the Fell Block.

For the year ended December 31, 2012, the Fell Block contained 61% of our net proved reserves and generated 69% of our total production. While the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in Colombia and our expansion into Brazil mean that the Fell Block is a less significant component of our overall business than it has been in the past, we nonetheless expect that the Fell Block will continue to be responsible for a significant portion of our reserves and production. In the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, the Fell Block still generated approximately 53% of our total production. Any government intervention, impairment or disruption of our production due to factors outside of our control or any other material adverse event in our operations in the Fell Block would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our contracts in obtaining rights to explore and develop oil and natural gas reserves are subject to contractual expiration dates and operating conditions, and our CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements are subject to early termination in certain circumstances.

Under certain of the CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements to which we are or may in the future become parties, we are or may become subject to guarantees to perform our commitments and/or to make payment for other obligations, and we may not be able to obtain financing for all such obligations as they arise. If such obligations are not complied with when due, in addition to any other remedies that may be available to other parties, this could result in cancelation of our CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements or dilution or forfeiture of interests held by us. As of September 30, 2013, giving effect to our Brazil Acquisitions, the aggregate outstanding amount of this potential liability for guarantees was approximately US$118.0 million, mainly relating to guarantees of our minimum work program for the Tierra del Fuego Blocks and, to a significantly lesser extent, our minimum work programs for our Colombian operations and the eight Brazilian concession areas.

Additionally, certain of the CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements to which we are or may in the future become a party are subject to set expiration dates. Although we may want to extend some of these contracts beyond their original expiration dates, there is no assurance that we can do so on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.

In particular, in Chile, our CEOPs provide for early termination by Chile in certain circumstances, depending upon the phase of the CEOP. For example, pursuant to the Fell Block CEOP, under which we are in the exploitation phase, Chile may terminate the CEOP if (i) we stop performing any of the substantial obligations assumed under the Fell Block CEOP without cause and do not cure such nonperformance pursuant to the terms of the concession, following notice of breach or (ii) our oil activities are interrupted for more than three years due to force majeure circumstances (as defined in the Fell Block CEOP). If the Fell Block CEOP is terminated in the exploitation phase, we will have to transfer to Chile, free of charge, any productive wells and related facilities, provided that such transfer does not interfere with our abandonment obligations and excluding certain pipelines and other assets. See "Business—Significant agreements—Chile—CEOPs—Fell Block CEOP." If the CEOP is terminated early due to a breach of our obligations, we may not be entitled to compensation. Additionally, our CEOPs for the Tierra del Fuego Blocks, which are in the exploration phase, may be subject to early termination during this phase under circumstances including a failure by us to comply with minimum work commitments at the termination of any exploration period, a failure to communicate our intention to proceed with the next exploration period 30 days prior to its termination, a failure to provide the Chilean Ministry of Energy requisite performance bonds, a voluntary relinquishment by us of all areas under the CEOP, a failure by us to meet the requirements to enter into the exploitation phase upon the termination of the exploration phase, permanent suspension by us of all operations in the CEOP area or our declaration of bankruptcy. If the Tierra del Fuego Block CEOPs are terminated within the exploration phase, we are released from all obligations under the CEOPs, except for obligations regarding the abandonment of fields, if any. See "Business—Significant agreements—Chile—CEOPs." There can be no assurance that the early termination of any of our CEOPs would not have a material adverse effect on us.

In addition, according to the Chilean Constitution, Chile is entitled to expropriate our rights in our CEOPs for reasons of public interest. Although Chile would be required to indemnify us for such expropriation, there can be no assurance that any such indemnification will be paid in a timely manner or in an amount sufficient to cover the harm to our business caused by such expropriation.

In Colombia, our E&P Contracts may be subject to early termination for a breach by the parties, a default declaration, application of any of the contracts' unilateral termination clauses or pursuant to termination

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clauses mandated by Colombian law. Anticipated termination declared by the ANH results in the immediate enforcement of monetary guaranties against us and may result in an action for damages by the ANH and/or a restriction on our ability to engage in contracts with the Colombian government during a certain period of time. See "Business—Significant agreements—Colombia—E&P Contracts."

In Brazil, concession agreements generally may be renewed, at the ANP's discretion, for an additional period equivalent to the original concession period, provided that a renewal request is made at least 12 months prior to the termination of the concession agreement and there has not been a breach of the terms of the concession agreement. We expect that all our concession agreements will provide for early termination in the event of: (i) government expropriation for reasons of public interest; (ii) revocation of the concession pursuant to the terms of the concession agreement; or (iii) failure by us or our partners to fulfill all of our respective obligations under the concession agreement (subject to a cure period). Administrative or monetary sanctions may also be applicable, as determined by the ANP, which shall be imposed based on applicable law and regulations. In the event of early termination of a concession agreement, the compensation to which we are entitled may not be sufficient to compensate us for the full value of our assets. Moreover, in the event of early termination of any concession agreement due to failure to fulfill obligations thereunder, we may be subject to fines and/or other penalties.

Early termination or nonrenewal of any CEOP, E&P Contract or concession agreement could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial situation or results of operations.

We sell all of our natural gas in Chile to a single customer, who has in the past temporarily idled its principal facility.

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, all of our natural gas sales in Chile were made to Methanex under a long-term contract, or the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement, which expires on April 30, 2017. Sales to Methanex represented 6.1% of our total revenues for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. Methanex also buys gas from ENAP and a consortium that Methanex has formed with ENAP. While our contract with Methanex requires it to purchase the entirety of our production of natural gas from the Fell Block, because we currently have no arrangements in place to sell natural gas production from the Fell Block to other clients, if Methanex were to decrease or cease its purchase of gas from us, this would have a material adverse effect on our revenues derived from the sale of gas. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to extend or renew our contract with Methanex past April 30, 2017, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Methanex had two methanol producing facilities at its Cabo Negro production facility, near the city of Punta Arenas in southern Chile. However, when Argentine natural gas producers cut off exports to Chile in 2007, Methanex had to stop production at all but one of these facilities, and began to rely completely on local suppliers of natural gas, including ENAP, for its operations. Since 2009, however, the amount of natural gas that ENAP has been able to provide to Methanex has been decreasing, as ENAP has given priority to providing natural gas to the city of Punta Arenas. Although we sell all the natural gas we produce in the Fell Block to Methanex, and supplied approximately 50% of all the natural gas consumed by Methanex before the idling of its plant in April 2013, we alone cannot supply Methanex with all the natural gas it requires for its operations.

The plant was idled due to an anticipated insufficient supply of natural gas. The supply of natural gas decreased during the winter months of 2013 due to the increase in seasonal gas demand from the city of Punta Arenas in the Magallanes region, which gas producers, including GeoPark, gave priority, delivering gas to the city through ENAP. Methanex continued to purchase from us the volume of gas it requires for

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the plant's operation during the idling, and we have also signed an amendment to the agreement, pursuant to which Methanex will pay us a premium over the current gas price for deliveries at or exceeding certain volumes of gas, in the six months immediately following the Methanex plant's startup, which occurred on September 23, 2013. See "Business—Marketing and Delivery Commitments—Chile." Methanex has been making investments aimed at lowering its plant's minimum gas requirements during the idling, so that the plant will be able to function with 21.2 mcfpd of gas.

However, there can be no assurance that Methanex will continue to purchase the committed volume of gas from us or that its efforts to reduce the risk of future shutdowns will be successful, which could have a material adverse effect on our gas revenues. Additionally, there can be no assurance that Methanex will have sufficient supplies of gas to operate its plant and continue to purchase our gas production. If Methanex were to cease purchasing from us, there can be no assurance that we would be able to sell our gas production to other parties or on similar terms, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to meet delivery requirements under the agreement for the sale of our natural gas in Chile.

Under the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement, Methanex has committed to purchasing, and we have committed to selling, all of the gas that we produce in the Fell Block (subject to certain exceptions, including reasonable quantities required to maintain our operations and quantities that we might be required to pay in kind to Chile), with a minimum volume commitment that is defined by us on an annual basis. The agreement contains monthly deliver-or-pay, or DOP, obligations, which require us to deliver in a given month the minimum gas committed for that month or pay a deficiency penalty to Methanex, with a threshold of 90% of the committed quantities of gas. The agreement also contains monthly take-or-pay, or TOP, obligations, which require Methanex to take in a given month the minimum gas committed for that month or pay the gas price for the gas not taken, with a threshold of 90% of the committed quantities of gas. The Methanex TOP obligation is triggered only if we commit a monthly delivery over 1,000,000 SCM/d. These DOP and TOP obligations are subject to make-up provisions without penalty, for any delivery or off-take deficiencies in the three months following the month where delivery or off-take requirements were not met. We failed to meet our delivery requirements under the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement for each of the months of April through December of 2012, and could not recover with make-up gas deliveries. Due to this, we accrued US$1.7 million in DOP payments owed to Methanex under the agreement, all of which had been paid as of September 30, 2013. There can be no assurance that we or Methanex will be able to meet our respective DOP and TOP obligations under the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement or that we will not incur additional deficiency penalties, in the future.

We are not, and may not be in the future, the sole owner or operator of all of our licensed areas and do not, and may not in the future, hold all of the working interests in certain of our licensed areas. Therefore, we may not be able to control the timing of exploration or development efforts, associated costs, or the rate of production of any non-operated and, to an extent, any non-wholly-owned, assets.

As of the date of this prospectus, we are not the sole owner or operator of the Llanos 17, Llanos 32 and Jagüeyes 3432 A Blocks in Colombia, which represented 2% of our total production as of September 30, 2013. In Brazil, following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we will not be the sole owner or operator of the BCAM-40 Concession, which represented approximately 22% of our total production for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 (on a pro forma basis, accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition). Following this acquisition, we will not be the sole owner or operator of approximately 25% of our total production on a pro forma basis, accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, as of September 30, 2013.

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In addition, the terms of the joint venture agreements or association agreements governing our other partners' interests in almost all of the blocks that are not wholly-owned or operated by us require that certain actions be approved by supermajority vote. The terms of our other current or future license or venture agreements may require at least the majority of working interests to approve certain actions. As a result, we may have limited ability to exercise influence over operations or prospects in the blocks operated by our partners, or in blocks that are not wholly-owned or operated by us. A breach of contractual obligations by our partners who are the operators of such blocks could eventually affect our rights in exploration and production contracts in our blocks in Colombia. Our dependence on our partners could prevent us from realizing our target returns for those discoveries or prospects.

Moreover, as we are not the sole owner or operator of all of our properties, we may not be able to control the timing of exploration or development activities or the amount of capital expenditures and may therefore not be able to carry out our key business strategies of minimizing the cycle time between discovery and initial production at such properties. The success and timing of exploration and development activities operated by our partners will depend on a number of factors that will be largely outside of our control, including:

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  the timing and amount of capital expenditures;
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  the operator's expertise and financial resources;
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  approval of other block partners in drilling wells;
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  the scheduling, pre-design, planning, design and approvals of activities and processes;
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  selection of technology; and
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  the rate of production of reserves, if any.

This limited ability to exercise control over the operations on some of our license areas may cause a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

LGI, our strategic partner in Chile and Colombia, may sell its interest in our Chilean and Colombian operations to a third party or may not consent to our taking certain actions.

We have a strategic partnership with LGI, which has a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Chile, a 14% direct equity interest in GeoPark TdF (31.2% taking into account direct and indirect participation through GeoPark Chile) and a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia. Our shareholders' agreements with LGI in each of Chile and Colombia provides that we have a right of first offer if LGI decides to sell any of its interest in GeoPark Chile or GeoPark Colombia, respectively. There can be no assurance, however, that we will have the funds to purchase LGI's interest in Chile and/or Colombia and that LGI will not decide to sell its shares to a third party whose interests may not be aligned with ours.

In addition, our shareholders' agreements with LGI in Chile and Colombia contain provisions that require GeoPark Chile and GeoPark Colombia to obtain LGI's consent before undertaking certain actions. For example, under the terms of the shareholders' agreement with LGI in Colombia, LGI must approve GeoPark Colombia's annual budget and work programs and mechanisms for funding any such budget or program, the entering into any borrowings other than those provided in an approved budget or incurred in the ordinary course of business to finance working capital needs, the granting of any guarantee or indemnity to secure liabilities of parties other than those of our Colombian subsidiaries and disposing of any material assets other than those provided for in an approved budget and work program. Similarly, in Chile,

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pursuant to the terms of our shareholders' agreements with LGI, LGI's consent is required in order for GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as applicable, to be able to take certain actions, including: making any decision to terminate or permanently or indefinitely suspend operations in or surrender our blocks in Chile (other than as required under the terms of the relevant CEOP for such blocks); selling our blocks in Chile to our affiliates; making any change to the dividend, voting or other rights that would give preference to or discriminate against the shareholders of these companies; entering into certain related party transactions; and creating a security interest over our blocks in Chile (other than in connection with a financing that benefits our Chilean subsidiaries).

Additionally, pursuant to our agreements with LGI in Chile, we and LGI have agreed to vote our common shares or otherwise cause GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as the case may be, to declare dividends only after allowing for retentions of cash to meet anticipated future investments, costs and obligations, and pursuant to our agreement with LGI in Colombia, we and LGI have agreed to vote our common shares or otherwise cause GeoPark Colombia to declare dividends only after allowing for retentions of cash for approved work programs and budgets and capital adequacy requirements of GeoPark Colombia, working capital requirements, banking covenants associated with any loan entered into by GeoPark Colombia or our other Colombian subsidiaries and operational requirements. Our inability to obtain LGI's consent or a delay by LGI in granting its consent may restrict or delay the ability of GeoPark Chile, GeoPark TdF or GeoPark Colombia to take certain actions, which may have an adverse effect on our operations in such countries and on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our pending acquisition of Rio das Contas is subject to ANP approvals.

On May 14, 2013, we agreed to acquire from Panoro all of the quotas issued by Rio das Contas. It is a condition to the closing of the acquisition that required regulatory approvals are obtained, including ANP approvals. However, there can be no assurance that required regulatory approvals will be obtained, and failure to obtain such approvals within nine months from the date of the quota purchase agreement, or the Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement, may result in termination of the agreement subject to our and Panoro's right to extend such nine-month period for an additional three months. If so extended, the purchase price we pay will accrue interest at 4% per annum from the extension date until the closing date. There can be no assurance that we will be able to extend the termination date beyond the three month extension. As a result, there can be no assurance that we will close the acquisition and benefit from production in the Manati field. See "Business—Significant agreements—Brazil—Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement."

Acquisitions that we have completed and any future acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships or alliances could be difficult to integrate and/or identify, could divert the attention of key management personnel, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our financial results, including impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets.

One of our principal business strategies includes acquisitions of reserves, properties, prospects and leaseholds and other strategic transactions, including in jurisdictions in which we do not currently operate. The successful acquisition and integration of producing properties, including our recent acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in Colombia and our Brazil Acquisitions, requires an assessment of several factors, including:

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  recoverable reserves;
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  future oil and natural gas prices;
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  development and operating costs; and

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•
  potential environmental and other liabilities.

The accuracy of these assessments is inherently uncertain. In connection with these assessments, we perform a review of the subject properties that we believe to be generally consistent with industry practices. Our review and the review of advisors and independent reserves engineers will not reveal all existing or potential problems nor will it permit us or them to become sufficiently familiar with the properties to fully assess their deficiencies and potential recoverable reserves. Inspections may not always be performed on every well, and environmental conditions are not necessarily observable even when an inspection is undertaken. We, advisors or independent reserves engineers may apply different assumptions when assessing the same field. Even when problems are identified, the seller may be unwilling or unable to provide effective contractual protection against all or part of the problems. We often are not entitled to contractual indemnification for environmental liabilities and acquire properties on an "as is" basis. Even in those circumstances in which we have contractual indemnification rights for pre-closing liabilities, it remains possible that the seller will not be able to fulfill its contractual obligations. There can be no assurance that problems related to the assets or management of the companies and operations we have acquired, such as in Colombia or Brazil, or other companies or operations we may acquire in future, will not arise in future, and these problems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Significant acquisitions and other strategic transactions may involve other risks, including:

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  diversion of our management's attention to evaluating, negotiating and integrating significant acquisitions and strategic transactions;
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  challenge and cost of integrating acquired operations, information management and other technology systems and business cultures with those of ours while carrying on our ongoing business;
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  contingencies and liabilities that could not be or were not identified during the due diligence process, including with respect to possible deficiencies in the internal controls of the acquired operations; and
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  challenge of attracting and retaining personnel associated with acquired operations.

If we fail to realize the benefits we anticipate from an acquisition, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

It is also possible that we may not identify suitable acquisition targets or strategic investment, partnership or alliance candidates. Our inability to identify suitable acquisition targets, strategic investments, partners or alliances, or our inability to complete such transactions, may negatively affect our competitiveness and growth prospects. Moreover, if we fail to properly evaluate acquisitions, alliances or investments, we may not achieve the anticipated benefits of any such transaction and we may incur costs in excess of what we anticipate.

Future acquisitions financed with our own cash could deplete the cash and working capital available to adequately fund our operations. We may also finance future transactions through debt financing, the issuance of our equity securities, existing cash, cash equivalents or investments, or a combination of the foregoing. Acquisitions financed with the issuance of our equity securities could be dilutive, which could affect the market price of our stock. Acquisitions financed with debt could require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to principal and interest payments and could subject us to restrictive covenants.

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The present value of future net revenues from our proved reserves will not necessarily be the same as the current market value of our estimated oil and natural gas reserves.

You should not assume that the present value of future net revenues from our proved reserves is the current market value of our estimated oil and natural gas reserves. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we have based the estimated discounted future net revenues from our proved reserves on the 12-month unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for the preceding 12 months. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we have based the estimated discounted future net revenues from our proved reserves on the 12-month unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for the preceding 12 months. Actual future net revenues from our oil and natural gas properties will be affected by factors such as:

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  actual prices we receive for oil and natural gas;
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  actual cost of development and production expenditures;
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  the amount and timing of actual production; and
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  changes in governmental regulations, taxation or the taxation stabilization guarantees in our CEOPs.

The timing of both our production and our incurrence of expenses in connection with the development and production of oil and natural gas properties will affect the timing and amount of actual future net revenues from proved reserves, and thus their actual value. In addition, the 10% discount factor we use when calculating discounted future net revenues may not be the most appropriate discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to time and risks associated with us or the oil and natural gas industry in general.

The development of our proved undeveloped reserves may take longer and may require higher levels of capital expenditures than we currently anticipate. Therefore, our proved undeveloped reserves ultimately may not be developed or produced.

As of December 31, 2012, only approximately 37% of our net proved reserves have been developed. Development of our undeveloped reserves may take longer and require higher levels of capital expenditures than we currently anticipate. Additionally, delays in the development of our reserves or increases in costs to drill and develop such reserves will reduce the standardized measure value of our estimated proved undeveloped reserves and future net revenues estimated for such reserves, and may result in some projects becoming uneconomic, causing the quantities associated with these uneconomic projects to no longer be classified as reserves. For example, in Argentina, although we had production in the blocks in which we have a working interest, D&M determined that there were no reserves in these blocks as of December 31, 2012. This was due to the uneconomic status of the reserves, given the proximity to the end of the concessions for these blocks, which does not allow for future capital investment in the blocks. There can be no assurance that we will not experience similar delays or increases in costs to drill and develop our reserves in the future, which could result in further reclassifications of our reserves.

We are exposed to the credit risks of our customers and any material nonpayment or nonperformance by our key customers could adversely affect our cash flow and results of operations.

Our customers may experience financial problems that could have a significant negative effect on their creditworthiness. Severe financial problems encountered by our customers could limit our ability to collect amounts owed to us, or to enforce the performance of obligations owed to us under contractual arrangements.

The combination of declining cash flows as a result of declines in commodity prices, a reduction in borrowing basis under reserves-based credit facilities and the lack of availability of debt or equity financing may result in a significant reduction of our customers' liquidity and limit their ability to make payments or perform on their obligations to us.

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Furthermore, some of our customers may be highly leveraged, and, in any event, are subject to their own operating expenses. Therefore, the risk we face in doing business with these customers may increase. Other customers may also be subject to regulatory changes, which could increase the risk of defaulting on their obligations to us. Financial problems experienced by our customers could result in the impairment of our assets, a decrease in our operating cash flows and may also reduce or curtail our customers' future use of our products and services, which may have an adverse effect on our revenues and may lead to a reduction in reserves.

We may not have the capital to develop our unconventional oil and gas resources.

We have identified opportunities for analyzing the potential of unconventional oil and gas resources in some of our blocks and concessions in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina. Our ability to develop this potential depends on a number of factors, including the availability of capital, seasonal conditions, regulatory approvals, negotiation of agreements with third parties, commodity prices, costs, access to and availability of equipment, services and personnel and drilling results. In addition, as we have no previous experience in drilling and exploiting unconventional oil and gas resources, the drilling and exploitation of such unconventional oil and gas resources depends on our ability to acquire the necessary technology, to hire personnel and other support needed for extraction or to obtain financing and venture partners to develop such activities. Because of these uncertainties, we cannot give any assurance as to the timing of these activities, or that they will ultimately result in the realization of proved reserves or meet our expectations for success.

Our operations are subject to operating hazards, including extreme weather events, which could expose us to potentially significant losses.

Our operations are subject to potential operating hazards, extreme weather conditions and risks inherent to drilling activities, seismic registration, exploration, production, development and transportation and storage of crude oil, such as explosions, fires, car and truck accidents, floods, labor disputes, social unrest, community protests or blockades, guerilla attacks, security breaches, pipeline ruptures and spills and mechanical failure of equipment at our or third party facilities. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our exploration and production operations, or disrupt transportation or other process-related services provided by our third party contractors.

We are highly dependent on certain members of our management and technical team, including our geologists and geophysicists, and on our ability to hire and retain new qualified personnel.

The ability, expertise, judgment and discretion of our management and our technical and engineering teams are key in discovering and developing oil and natural gas resources. Our performance and success are dependent to a large extent upon key members of our management and exploration team, and their loss or departure would be detrimental to our future success. In addition, our ability to manage our anticipated growth depends on our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel. Our ability to retain our employees is influenced by the economic environment and the remote locations of our exploration blocks, which may enhance competition for human resources where we conduct our activities, thereby increasing our turnover rate. There is strong ongoing competition in our industry to hire employees in operational, technical and other areas, and the supply of qualified employees is limited in the regions where we operate and throughout South America generally. The loss of any of our executive officers or other key employees of our technical team or our inability to hire and retain new qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on us.

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Unfavorable credit and market conditions, such as the global financial crisis that began in 2008, have affected and could continue to affect negatively the economies of the countries in which we operate and may negatively affect our liquidity, business, and results of operations.

Global financial crises and related turmoil in the global financial system have had, and may continue to have, a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The lingering effects on our customers and on us of the global credit crisis that began in 2008, and of financial crises generally, cannot be predicted. Persistent uncertainty in international credit markets, exacerbated by the sovereign debt crises in Europe and the United States, may affect our ability to access the credit or capital markets at a time when we would need financing, which could have an impact on our flexibility to react to changing economic and business conditions. Any of the foregoing factors or a combination of these factors could have an adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations and financial condition.

We and our operations are subject to numerous environmental, health and safety laws and regulations which may result in material liabilities and costs.

We and our operations are subject to various international, foreign, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, the emission and discharge of pollutants into the ground, air or water; the generation, storage, handling, use, transportation and disposal of regulated materials; and human health and safety. Our operations are also subject to certain environmental risks that are inherent in the oil and gas industry and which may arise unexpectedly and result in material adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Breach of environmental laws, as well as impacts on natural resources and unauthorized use of such resources, could result in environmental administrative investigations and/or lead to the termination of our concessions and contracts. Other potential consequences include fines and/or criminal environmental actions. Additionally, in Colombia, recent rulings have provided that environmental licenses are administrative acts subject to class actions that could eventually result in their cancellation, with potential adverse impacts on our E&P Contracts.

We are required to obtain environmental permits from governmental authorities for our operations, including drilling permits for our wells. We have not been and may not be at all times in complete compliance with these permits and the environmental and health and safety laws and regulations to which we are subject. If we violate or fail to comply with such requirements, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators, including through the revocation of our permits or the suspension or termination of our operations. If we fail to obtain, maintain or renew permits in a timely manner or at all (such as due to opposition from partners, community or environmental interest groups, governmental delays or any other reasons) or if we face additional requirements due to changes in applicable laws and regulations, our operations could be adversely affected, impeded, or terminated, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We, as the owner, shareholder or the operator of certain of our past, current and future discoveries and prospects, could be held liable for some or all environmental, health and safety costs and liabilities arising out of our actions and omissions as well as those of our block partners, third-party contractors, predecessors or other operators. To the extent we do not address these costs and liabilities or if we do not otherwise satisfy our obligations, our operations could be suspended, terminated or otherwise adversely affected. We have also contracted with and intend to continue to hire third parties to perform services related to our operations. There is a risk that we may contract with third parties with unsatisfactory environmental, health and safety records or that our contractors may be unwilling or unable to cover any losses associated with their acts and omissions. Accordingly, we could be held liable for all costs and

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liabilities arising out of the acts or omissions of our contractors, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Releases of regulated substances may occur and can be significant. Under certain environmental laws and regulations applicable to us in the countries in which we operate, we could be held responsible for all of the costs relating to any contamination at our past and current facilities and at any third party waste disposal sites used by us or on our behalf. Pollution resulting from waste disposal, emissions and other operational practices might require us to remediate contamination, or retrofit facilities, at substantial cost. We also could be held liable for any and all consequences arising out of human exposure to such substances or for other damage resulting from the release of hazardous substances to the environment, property or to natural resources, or affecting endangered species or sensitive environmental areas. Environmental laws and regulations also require that wells be plugged and sites be abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of the relevant regulatory authorities. We are currently required to, and in the future may need to, plug and abandon sites in certain blocks in each of the countries in which we operate, which could result in substantial costs.

In addition, we expect continued and increasing attention to climate change issues. Various countries and regions have agreed to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases including methane (a primary component of natural gas) and carbon dioxide (a byproduct of oil and natural gas combustion). The regulation of greenhouse gases and the physical impacts of climate change in the areas in which we, our customers and the end-users of our products operate could adversely impact our operations and the demand for our products.

Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations are complex and change frequently, and have tended to become increasingly stringent over time. Our costs of complying with current and future climate change, environmental, health and safety laws, the actions or omissions of our partners and third party contractors and our liabilities arising from releases of, or exposure to, regulated substances may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. See "Business—Health, safety and environmental matters" and "Industry and regulatory framework."

Legislation and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing and other drilling activities for unconventional oil and gas resources could increase the future costs of doing business, cause delays or impede our plans, and materially adversely affect our operations.

Hydraulic fracturing for unconventional oil and gas resources is a process that involves injecting water, sand, and small volumes of chemicals into the wellbore to fracture the hydrocarbon-bearing rock thousands of feet below the surface to facilitate a higher flow of hydrocarbons into the wellbore. We are contemplating such use of hydraulic fracturing in the production of oil and natural gas from certain reservoirs, especially shale formations. We currently are not aware of any proposals in Chile, Colombia, Brazil or Argentina to regulate hydraulic fracturing beyond the regulations already in place. However, various initiatives in other countries with substantial shale gas resources have been or may be proposed or implemented to, among other things, regulate hydraulic fracturing practices, limit water withdrawals and water use, require disclosure of fracturing fluid constituents, restrict which additives may be used, or implement temporary or permanent bans on hydraulic fracturing. If any of the countries in which we operate adopts similar laws or regulations, which is something we cannot predict right now, such adoption could significantly increase the cost of, impede or cause delays in the implementation of any plans to use hydraulic fracturing for unconventional oil and gas resources.

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Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health and our ability to raise additional capital, and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under our existing agreements.

As of September 30, 2013, we had US$296.2 million of total indebtedness outstanding on a consolidated basis, of which US$294.3 million, or 99.3%, was secured. As of September 30, 2013, our annual debt service obligation was approximately US$22.5 million, which includes interest payments under the Notes due 2020. See "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations—Indebtedness."

Our substantial indebtedness could:

•
  make it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to our indebtedness, and any failure to comply with the obligations of any of our debt instruments, including restrictive covenants and borrowing conditions, could result in an event of default under the agreements governing our indebtedness;
•
  require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to the payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund acquisitions, working capital, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes;
•
  place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to certain of our competitors that have less debt;
•
  limit our ability to borrow additional funds;
•
  in the case of our secured indebtedness, lose assets securing such indebtedness upon the exercise of security interests in connection with a default;
•
  make us more vulnerable to downturns in our business or the economy; and
•
  limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our operations or business and the industry in which we operate.

Our Notes due 2020 include a covenant restricting dividend payments. For a description, see "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations—Indebtedness—Notes due 2020." Furthermore, we expect our Brazilian subsidiary that will acquire Rio das Contas to enter into an approximately US$70.5 million loan, which will restrict its ability to pay dividends to us when the ratio of its net debt to EBITDA is greater than 2.5. As a result of these covenants, we are limited in the manner in which we conduct our business, and we may be unable to engage in favorable business activities or finance future operations or capital needs.

Similar restrictions could apply to us and our subsidiaries when we refinance or enter into new debt agreements which could intensify the risks described above.

Our results of operations could be materially adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Although a majority of our net revenues is denominated in U.S. dollars, unfavorable fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates for certain of our expenses in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Furthermore, we have not entered, and do not anticipate entering, into derivative transactions to hedge the effect of changes in the exchange rate of local currencies to the U.S. dollar. Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate revenues, expenses and income, as well as assets and liabilities, into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect during or at the end of each reporting period.

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In addition, we will be significantly exposed to fluctuations in the real against the U.S. dollar following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, as Rio das Contas's revenues and expenses are denominated in reais. The real has experienced frequent and substantial variations in relation to the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies. For example, the real was R$1.56 per US$1.00 in August 2008. Following the onset of the crisis in the global financial markets, the real depreciated 31.9% against the U.S. dollar and reached R$2.34 per US$1.00 at the end of 2008. In 2011, the real appreciated against the U.S. dollar, reaching R$1.876 per US$1.00 at the end of 2011. In 2012, however, the real depreciated, and on December 31, 2012, the exchange rate was R$2.044 per US$1.00. As of December 31, 2013, the exchange rate was R$2.3426 per US$1.00. Depending on the circumstances, either depreciation or appreciation of the real could materially and adversely affect the growth of the Brazilian economy and our business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Exchange rates."

Risks relating to the countries in which we operate

Our operations may be adversely affected by political and economic circumstances in the countries in which we operate and in which we may operate in the future.

All of our current operations are located in South America. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, our operations in Chile and Colombia represented 53% and 46%, respectively, of our total production, with our Argentine operations representing less than 0.5% of our total production. As of September 30, 2013, on a pro forma basis, and accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, Chile, Colombia and Brazil represented 42%, 36% and 22%, respectively, of our average production during the same period. If local, regional or worldwide economic trends adversely affect the economy of any of the countries in which we have investments or operations, our financial condition and results from operations could be adversely affected.

Oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities are subject to political and economic uncertainties (including but not limited to changes in energy policies or the personnel administering them), changes in laws and policies governing operations of foreign-based companies, expropriation of property, cancellation or modification of contract rights, revocation of consents or approvals, the obtaining of various approvals from regulators, foreign exchange restrictions, price controls, currency fluctuations, royalty increases and other risks arising out of foreign governmental sovereignty, as well as to risks of loss due to civil strife, acts of war and community-based actions, such as protests or blockades, guerilla activities, terrorism, acts of sabotage, territorial disputes and insurrection. In addition, we are subject both to uncertainties in the application of the tax laws in the countries in which we operate and to possible changes in such tax laws (or the application thereof), each of which could result in an increase in our tax liabilities. These risks are higher in developing countries, such as those in which we conduct our activities.

The main economic risks we face and may face in the future because of our operations in the countries in which we operate include the following:

•
  difficulties incorporating movements in international prices of crude oil and exchange rates into domestic prices;
•
  the possibility that a deterioration in Chile's, Colombia's, Argentina's or Brazil's relations with multilateral credit institutions, such as the IMF, will impact negatively on capital controls, and result in a deterioration of the business climate;
•
  inflation, exchange rate movements (including devaluations), exchange control policies (including restrictions on remittance of dividends), price instability and fluctuations in interest rates;

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•
  liquidity of domestic capital and lending markets;
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  tax policies; and
•
  the possibility that we may become subject to restrictions on repatriation of earnings from the countries in which we operate in the future.

In addition, our operations in these areas increase our exposure to risks of guerilla activities, social unrest (including in Brazil), local economic conditions, political disruption, civil disturbance, community protests or blockades, expropriation, piracy, tribal conflicts and governmental policies that may: disrupt our operations; require us to incur greater costs for security; restrict the movement of funds or limit repatriation of profits; lead to U.S. government or international sanctions; limit access to markets for periods of time; or influence the market's perception of the risk associated with investments in these countries. Some countries in the geographic areas where we operate have experienced, and may experience in the future, political instability, and losses caused by these disruptions may not be covered by insurance. Consequently, our exploration, development and production activities may be substantially affected by factors which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations may also be adversely affected by laws and policies of the jurisdictions, including Bermuda, Chile, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, the Netherlands and other jurisdictions in which we do business, that affect foreign trade and taxation, and by uncertainties in the application of, possible changes to (or to the application of) tax laws in these jurisdictions. Changes in any of these laws or policies or the implementation thereof, and uncertainty over potential changes in policy or regulations affecting any of the factors mentioned above or other factors in the future may increase the volatility of domestic securities markets and securities issued abroad by companies operating in these countries, which could materially and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Furthermore, we may be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of courts outside the United States or may not be successful in subjecting non-U.S. persons to the jurisdiction of courts in the United States, which could adversely affect the outcome of such dispute.

We depend on maintaining good relations with the respective host governments and national oil companies in each of our countries of operation.

The success of our business and the effective operation of the fields in each of our countries of operation depend upon continued good relations and cooperation with applicable governmental authorities and agencies, including national oil companies such as ENAP and Petrobras. For instance, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, 100% of our crude oil and condensate sales in Chile were made to ENAP, the Chilean state-owned oil company, and 25.5% of our crude oil and condensate sales in Colombia were made to Hocol, a subsidiary of Ecopetrol, the Colombian state-owned oil and gas company. If we, the respective host governments and the national oil companies are not able to cooperate with one another, it could have an adverse impact on our business, operations and prospects.

Oil and natural gas companies in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina do not own any of the oil and natural gas reserves in such countries.

Under Chilean, Colombian, Brazilian and Argentine law, all onshore and offshore hydrocarbon resources in these countries are owned by the respective sovereign. Although we are the operator of the majority of the blocks and concessions in which we have a working and/or economic interest and generally have the power to make decisions as how to market the hydrocarbons we produce, the Chilean, Colombian, Brazilian and Argentine governments have full authority to determine the rights, royalties or compensation to be paid by

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or to private investors for the exploration or production of any hydrocarbon reserves located in their respective countries.

Under the Chilean Constitution, the state is the exclusive owner of all mineral and fossil substances, including hydrocarbons, regardless of who owns the land on which the reserves are located. The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons may be carried out by the state, companies owned by state or private persons through administrative concessions granted by the President of Chile by Supreme Decree or by CEOPs executed by the Minister of Energy. Hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation activities are regulated by the Chilean Ministry of Energy. In Chile, a participant is granted rights to explore and exploit certain assets under a CEOP. Although the government cannot unilaterally modify or terminate the rights granted in the CEOP once it is signed, if a participant fails to complete certain obligations under a CEOP, such participant may lose the right to exploit certain areas or may be required to return all or a portion of the awarded areas back to Chile.

In Colombia, oil and natural gas companies have acquired the exclusive right to explore, develop and produce reserves discovered within certain concession areas, pursuant to concession agreements awarded by the Colombian government through the ANH or, prior to 2004, entered into with Ecopetrol. However, a concessionaire owns only the oil and natural gas that it extracts under the concession agreements to which it is a party. If the Colombian government were to restrict or prevent concessionaires, including us, from exploiting these oil and natural gas reserves, or otherwise interfere with our exploration through regulations with respect to restrictions on future exploration and production, price controls, export controls, foreign exchange controls, income taxes, expropriation of property, environmental legislation or health and safety, this could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, we are dependent on receipt of Colombian government approvals or permits to develop the concessions we hold in Colombia. There can be no assurance that future political conditions in Colombia will not result in the Colombian government adopting different policies with respect to foreign development and ownership of oil, environmental protection, health and safety or labor relations. This may affect our ability to undertake exploration and development activities in respect of present and future properties, as well as our ability to raise funds to further such activities. Any delays in receiving Colombian government approvals, permits or no objection certificates may delay our operations or may affect the status of our contractual arrangements or our ability to meet contractual obligations.

Pursuant to Article 20 of the Brazilian Constitution and Article 3 of Law No. 9,478, dated as of August 6, 1997, as amended, or the Brazilian Petroleum Law, oil, natural gas and hydrocarbon reserves located within the Brazilian territory, which encompasses onshore and offshore reserves, as well as deposits in the Brazilian continental shelf, territorial waters and exclusive economic zone, are considered assets of the Brazilian government. Therefore, the concessionaire owns only the oil and natural gas that it produces under the concession agreements. Oil and natural gas companies in Brazil acquire the exclusive right to explore, develop and produce reserves discovered within certain concession areas pursuant to concession agreements awarded by the Brazilian government. However, if the Brazilian government were to restrict or prevent concessionaires, including us, from exploiting these oil and natural gas reserves, or interfere in the sale or transfer of the production, our ability to generate income would be materially adversely affected, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Companies in the Brazilian oil and natural gas industry also rely primarily on the public auction process regulated by the ANP to acquire rights to explore oil and natural gas reserves. While the ANP may offer concessions in certain basins in future bidding rounds, there is a risk that future bidding rounds may not

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take place or that they do not include desirable locations, since they are conducted by and under the Brazilian government's discretion, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, expected results of operations and financial condition.

In Argentina, jurisdiction over oil and gas activities is now largely vested in the same provincial states who own the relevant underground oil and gas resources. The Federal Executive Branch is still empowered to design and rule federal energy policy and to rule on domestic inter-jurisdictional and international oil and gas transportation concessions and has, for example, imposed measures controlling oil and gas investments in the provincial states. Private companies must obtain exploration permits or exploitation concessions from the provincial states or otherwise enter into certain types of joint venture or association agreements with provincial state-owned oil and gas companies in order to undertake exploration and production activities onshore, and must enter into certain types of joint venture or association agreements with the federally-owned oil and gas company, ENARSA, to undertake these activities offshore. Additionally, whereas until 2012, exploration permit and exploitation concession holders had the right to freely dispose of and market up to 70% of the production they generated, on July 28th, 2012, the publication of Presidential Decree 1277/2012 abrogated this right. As of September 30, 2013, our production in Argentina represented less than 0.5% of our total production, though recent regulations affecting the oil and gas industry in Argentina may have an adverse impact on our business, operations and prospects in Argentina.

Oil and gas operators are subject to extensive regulation in the countries in which we operate.

In Chile, rights to exploration and exploitation of a particular area are established in a CEOP. According to article 19, No 24 of the Chilean Constitution, the President of Chile has the power to determine the terms and conditions for the granting of a particular CEOP. In addition, the CEOP is subject to extensive supervision by the government through the Chilean Ministry of Energy. The President of Chile may also decide to terminate a CEOP early, though with compensation to the counterparty, and only if the relevant area is located within an area declared relevant for national security reasons.

Although the government of Chile cannot unilaterally modify the rights granted in the CEOP once it is signed, exploration and exploitation are nonetheless subject to significant government regulations, such as regulations concerning the environment, tort liability, health and safety and labor, all of which have an impact on our business and operations. Changes in laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on the costs and timing of our operations. For example, in November 2012, the government approved new regulations governing the abandonment of oilfield operations that would require us to obtain prior approval for new oil wells and could also require us to post a bond in connection with the abandonment or closure of an oil well.

The Colombian hydrocarbons industry is subject to extensive regulation and supervision by the government in matters such as the environment, tort liability, health and safety, labor, the award of exploration and production contracts by the ANH, the imposition of specific drilling and exploration obligations, taxation, foreign currency controls, price controls, capital expenditures and required divestments. Existing Colombian regulation applies to virtually all aspects of our concessions or E&P Contracts in Colombia. The terms and conditions of the agreements with the ANH generally reflect negotiations with the ANH and other Colombian governmental authorities, and may vary by fields, basins and hydrocarbons discovered.

We are required, as are all oil companies undertaking exploratory and production activities in Colombia, to pay a percentage of our expected production to the Colombian government as royalties. The Colombian government has modified the royalty program for oil and natural gas production several times in the last 20 years, as it has modified the regime regulating new contracts entered into with the Colombian government. The royalty regime for contracts being entered into today for oil is tied to a scale ring-fenced

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by field starting at 8% for production of up to 5,000 mbopd and increases up to 25% for production above 600,000 mbopd. Royalties for natural gas production of onshore blocks where our assets are located, range between 8% and 25%. There are new regulations which the Colombian government is currently issuing which once again amend royalty payment levels for new contracts. These changes and other future changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or expected results of operations.

In Brazil, the oil and natural gas industry is subject to extensive regulation and intervention by the Brazilian government in such matters as the award of exploration and production interests, taxation and foreign currency controls. Ultimately, those regulations may also address restrictions on production, price controls, mandatory divestments of assets and nationalization, expropriation or cancellation of contractual rights.

Under these laws and regulations, there is potential liability for personal injury, property damage and other types of damages. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations also may result in the suspension or termination of operations or our being subjected to administrative, civil and criminal penalties, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and expected results of operations. We expect to also operate in a consortium in some of our concessions, which, under the Brazilian Petroleum Law, establishes joint and strict liability among consortium members. If the operator does not maintain the appropriate licenses, the consortium may suffer administrative penalties, including fines of R$10 to R$500 million.

In addition, the local content policy, which is a contractual requirement in a Brazilian concession agreements, has become a significant issue for oil and natural gas companies operating in Brazil given the penalties related with breaches thereof. The local content requirement will also apply to the production sharing contract regime. See "Industry and regulatory framework—Brazil."

The Argentine hydrocarbons industry is also extensively regulated both by federal and provincial state regulations in matters including the award of exploration permits and exploitation concessions, investment, royalty, canon, price controls, export restrictions and domestic market supply obligations. The terms of our exploitation concessions are embodied in Decrees and Administrative Decisions issued by the Federal Executive Power and incorporate statutory rights and obligations provided under the Hydrocarbons Law. The federal government is further empowered to design and implement federal energy policy and to rule on domestic inter-jurisdictional and international oil and gas transportation concessions, and has used these powers to establish export restrictions and duties, induce private companies to enter into price stability agreements with the government or otherwise impose price control regulations or create incentive programs to promote increased production. Jurisdictional controversies among the federal government and the provincial states are not uncommon.

Significant expenditures may be required to ensure our compliance with governmental regulations, including, without limitation, in respect of: licenses for drilling operations, environmental matters, drilling bonds, reports concerning operations, the spacing of wells, unitization of oil and natural gas accumulations, local content policy and taxation.

Governmental actions in the countries in which we operate and in which we may operate in the future may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by actions taken by the Chilean, Colombian, Brazilian or Argentine governments concerning the economy, including actions aimed at targeting inflation, interest rates, oil and gas price controls, foreign exchange controls and taxes.

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Brazil has in the past periodically experienced extremely high rates of inflation. As measured by the National Consumer Price Index (Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo), Brazil had annual rates of inflation of 5.9% in 2010, 6.5% in 2011, 5.8% in 2012 and 3.79% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. Brazil may experience high levels of inflation in the future. Periods of higher inflation may slow the rate of growth of the Brazilian economy. Although the long-term off-take contract covering gas production in the Manati Field is indexed to inflation, inflation is likely to increase some of our costs and expenses, and, as a result, may reduce our profit margins and net income. Inflationary pressures could also lead to counter-inflationary prices that may harm our business. Any decline in our expected net sales or net income could lead to a deterioration in our financial condition.

In Argentina, since 2001, the Argentine government has imposed and expanded upon exchange controls and restrictions on the transfer of U.S. dollars outside of Argentina, which substantially limit the ability of companies to retain foreign currency or make payments abroad. These and other measures have led the implied AR$/US$ exchange rate as reflected in the quotations for certain Argentine securities that trade in foreign markets to differ substantially from the official foreign exchange rate in Argentina. If the Argentine government decides once again to tighten the restrictions on the transfer of funds, we may be unable to make payments related to the import of products and services, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

Additionally, in May 2012, the Argentine government expropriated 51% of YPF's capital stock owned by Repsol YPF of Spain, and 51% of the capital stock of Repsol YPF Gas owned by Repsol Butano.

There can be no assurance that future economic, social and political developments in the countries in which we operate currently or in the future, which are out of our control, may impair our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our operations may be affected by tax reforms in the countries in which we operate and in which we may operate in the future.

Our operations may be affected by changes in tax laws in the countries in which we operate and in which we may operate in the future. For example, on December 26, 2012, the Colombian Congress approved a number of tax reforms. These changes include, among other things, VAT rate consolidation, a reduction in corporate income tax, changes to transfer pricing rules, the creation of a new corporate income tax to pay for health, education and family care issues, modifications in individual income tax, new "thin capitalization" rules and a reduction of social contributions paid by certain employees. The implementation of such tax reforms requires further administrative regulation. Although, as of the date of this prospectus, we cannot estimate the full impact of these recent tax reforms on our Colombian operations, there can be no assurance that these tax reforms will not have an adverse impact on our revenues and results of operations in Colombia.

In Brazil, the Brazilian government frequently implements changes to tax and social security regimes that may affect us and our customers. These changes include changes in prevailing tax and contribution rates and, occasionally, enactment of temporary taxes, the proceeds of which are earmarked for designated governmental purposes. Some of these changes may result in increases in our tax payments, which could materially adversely affect our profitability and increase the prices of our products and services, restrict our ability to do business in our existing and target markets and cause our results of operations to suffer. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our projected cash flow and profitability following any increase in Brazilian taxes applicable to us and to our operations.

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Colombia has experienced and continues to experience internal security issues that have had or could have a negative effect on the Colombian economy.

Colombia has experienced internal security issues, primarily due to the activities of guerrillas, including the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia), or the FARC, paramilitary groups and drug cartels. In the past, guerrillas have targeted the crude oil pipelines, including the Oleoducto Transandino, Caño Limón-Coveñas and Ocensa pipelines, and other related infrastructure disrupting the activities of certain oil and natural gas companies. On several occasions guerilla attacks have resulted in unscheduled shut-downs of the transportation systems in order to repair damaged sections and undertake clean-up activities. These activities, their possible escalation and the effects associated with them have had and may have in the future a negative impact on the Colombian economy or on our business, which may affect our employees or assets. In the context of the political instability, allegations have been made against members of the Colombian Congress and against government officials for possible ties with guerilla groups. This situation may have a negative impact on the credibility of the Colombian government, which could in turn have a negative impact on the Colombian economy or on our business in the future.

The Colombian government commenced peace talks with the FARC in August 2012. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by rapidly changing economic or social conditions, including the Colombian government's response to current peace negotiations which may result in legislation that increases our tax burden or that of other Colombian companies. Tensions with neighboring countries may affect the Colombian economy and, consequently, our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, from time to time, community protests and blockades may arise near our operations in Colombia, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Our operations may be adversely affected by political and economic circumstances in Argentina.

Some of our current operations and management offices are located in Argentina. If local political or economic trends adversely affect the Argentine economy, our financial condition and results from operations could be adversely affected. In particular, we face risks in Argentina related to the following: restrictions on Argentina's energy supplies and an inadequate governmental response to such restrictions, which could negatively affect Argentina's economic activity; social and political tensions and the governmental response to such tensions; requirements of the Federal General Environmental Law, which requires persons who carry out activities that are potentially hazardous to the environment to obtain insurance; and tax implications under Argentine law with respect to our incorporation in Bermuda, which may subject our Argentine subsidiaries to higher tax rates.

Risks relating to the offering and our common shares

There has been no prior public market in the United States for our common shares, and an active, liquid and orderly trading market for our common shares may not develop or be maintained in the United States, which could limit your ability to sell our common shares.

There has been no public market in the United States for our common shares prior to this offering. Although our common shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE, an active U.S. public market for our common shares may not develop or be sustained after this offering. If an active market does not develop, you may experience difficulty selling the common shares that you purchase in this offering. The initial public offering price for our common shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters and may not be indicative of the market price at which our common shares will trade after this offering. In particular, you may be unable to resell your common shares at or above the initial public offering price.

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The following factors could affect our share price:

•
  our operating and financial performance and identified potential drilling locations, including reserve estimates;
•
  quarterly variations in the rate of growth of our financial indicators, such as net income per common share, net income and revenues;
•
  changes in revenue or earnings estimates or publication of reports by equity research analysts;
•
  speculation in the press or investment community;
•
  sales of our common shares by us or our shareholders, or the perception that such sales may occur;
•
  involvement in litigation;
•
  changes in personnel;
•
  major announcements by the company;
•
  general market conditions, including fluctuations in commodity prices; and
•
  domestic and international economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance.

The stock markets in general have experienced extreme volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common shares.

Our common share price may be highly volatile after the offering and, as a result, you could lose a significant portion or all of your investment.

Since 2006, our common shares have been admitted to AIM and, since 2009, our common shares have been admitted to trade on the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange (Bolsa Off-Shore de la Bolsa de Comercio de Santiago) in Chile. Conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, we intend to cancel the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM at 7:00 am GMT on February 19, 2014. We also intend to de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE.

The market price of the common shares on the NYSE may fluctuate after listing as a result of several factors, including the following:

•
  variations in our quarterly operating results;
•
  volatility in our industry, the industries of our customers and the global securities markets;
•
  changes in government regulations;
•
  changes in our dividend policy;
•
  risks relating to our business and industry, including those discussed above;
•
  strategic actions by us or our competitors;
•
  adverse judgments or settlements obligating us to pay damages;
•
  actual or expected changes in our growth rates or our competitors' growth rates;

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•
  investor perception of us, the industry in which we operate, the investment opportunity associated with our common shares and our future performance;
•
  adverse media reports about us or our directors and officers;
•
  addition or departure of our executive officers;
•
  changes in financial estimates or publication of research reports by analysts regarding our common shares, other comparable companies or our industry generally;
•
  any lack of coverage of our company by securities analysts after this offering;
•
  trading volume of our common shares;
•
  sales of our common shares by us or our shareholders;
•
  future issuances of our common shares or other securities;
•
  terrorist acts;
•
  domestic and international economic, legal and regulatory factors unrelated to our performance; and
•
  the release or expiration of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding common shares.

Furthermore, the stock markets recently have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions, such as recessions or interest rate changes, may cause the market price of our common shares to decline. If the market price of our common shares after this offering does not exceed the initial public offering price, you may not realize any return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment.

New investors in our common shares will experience immediate and substantial book value dilution after this offering.

The initial public offering price of our common shares will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of the outstanding common shares immediately after the offering. Based on an assumed initial public offering price of US$7.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus) and our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2013, if you purchase our common shares in this offering you will pay more for your common shares than the amounts paid by our existing stockholders for their common shares, and you will suffer immediate dilution of approximately US$1.26 per share in pro forma net tangible book value. As a result of this dilution, investors purchasing stock in this offering may receive significantly less than the full purchase price that they paid for the common shares purchased in this offering in the event of a liquidation.

We also have approximately 2,940,600 outstanding stock awards with exercise prices that are below the assumed initial public offering price of the common shares. To the extent that these options are exercised, there will be further dilution.

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We have never declared or paid, and do not intend to pay in the foreseeable future, cash dividends on our common shares, and, consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment is if the price of our stock appreciates.

We have never paid, and do not intend to pay in the foreseeable future, cash dividends on our common shares. Any decision to pay dividends in the future, and the amount of any distributions, is at the discretion of our board of directors and our shareholders, and will depend on many factors, such as our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors.

We are also subject to Bermuda legal constraints that may affect our ability to pay dividends on our common shares and make other payments. Under the Bermuda Companies Act, we may not declare or pay a dividend if there are reasonable grounds for believing that we are, or would after the payment be, unable to pay our liabilities as they become due or that the realizable value of our assets would thereafter be less than our liabilities.

Consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment in us will be if the market price of our common shares appreciates, which may not occur, and you sell your common shares at a profit. There is no guarantee that the price of our common shares that will prevail in the market after this offering will ever exceed the price that you pay.

We are a holding company dependent upon dividends from our subsidiaries, which may be limited by law and by contract from making distributions to us, which would affect our ability to pay dividends on the common shares.

As a holding company, our only material assets are our cash on hand, the equity interests in our subsidiaries and other investments. Our principal source of revenues and cash flow is distributions from our subsidiaries. Thus, our ability to pay dividends on the common shares will be contingent upon the financial condition of our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are and will be separate legal entities, and although they may be wholly-owned or controlled by us, they have no obligation to make any funds available to us, whether in the form of loans, dividends, distributions or otherwise. The ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to us is also subject to, among other things, restrictions that are contained in our and our subsidiaries' financing (including our Notes due 2020 and GeoPark Brazil's expected loan to finance Rio das Contas) and joint venture agreements (principally our agreements with LGI), availability of sufficient funds in such subsidiaries and applicable state laws and regulatory restrictions. Claims of creditors of our subsidiaries generally will have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries over our claims and claims of our creditors and stockholders. To the extent the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute dividends or other payments to us could be limited in any way, our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to pay dividends on the common shares, could be materially adversely affected.

Additionally, we may not be able to fully control the operations and the assets of our joint ventures and we may not be able to make major decisions or take timely actions with respect to our joint ventures unless our joint venture partners agree. For example, we have entered into shareholder agreements with LGI in Chile and Colombia that limit the amount of dividends that can be declared or returned to us, certain aspects related to the management of our Chilean and Colombian businesses, the incurrence of indebtedness, liens and our ability to sell certain assets. See "—Risks relating to our business—LGI, our strategic partner in Chile and Colombia, may sell its interest in our Chilean and Colombian operations to a third party or may not consent to our taking certain actions." We may, in the future, enter into other joint venture agreements imposing additional restrictions on our ability to pay dividends.

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Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.

We may issue additional common shares or convertible securities in the future, for example, to finance potential acquisitions of assets, which we intend to continue to pursue. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales may occur, could cause the market price of our common shares to decline. This could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities. Under our memorandum of association, we are authorized to issue up to 5,171,949,000 common shares, of which 57,361,614 common shares will be outstanding following this offering. Of these shares, the 13,500,000 common shares (or 14,300,000 common shares if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full) sold in this offering will be immediately freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless purchased by "affiliates" as that term is defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, who may sell a limited volume of shares and whose sales would be subject to additional restrictions. See "Common shares eligible for future sale." We, our directors, executive officers and certain of our shareholders, collectively holding 26,115,962 of our common shares, or 59.5% of our common shares outstanding immediately prior to this offering, have agreed with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, or dispose of any shares of our share capital or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our share capital during the 180-day period following the date of this prospectus. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC may release these shareholders from their lock-up agreements, which would allow for earlier sales of shares in the public market. In addition, following the completion of this offering, we may file one or more registration statements on Form S-8 registering at least 2,940,600 shares of common stock subject to options or other equity awards issued or reserved for future issuance under existing or future equity incentive plans. Shares registered under these registration statements on Form S-8 will be available for sale in the public market subject to vesting arrangements and exercise of options, the lock-up agreements described above and the restrictions of Securities Act Rule 144 in the case of our affiliates. In the future, we may also issue our common shares in connection with investments or acquisitions. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common shares or the effect, if any, that future sales and issuances of shares would have on the market price of our common shares.

Provisions of the Notes due 2020 could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.

Certain provisions of the Notes due 2020 could make it more difficult or more expensive for a third party to acquire us, or may even prevent a third party from acquiring us. For example, upon the occurrence of a fundamental change, holders of the Notes due 2020 will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase all of their notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus any accrued and unpaid interest (including any additional amounts, if any) to the date of purchase. By discouraging an acquisition of us by a third party, these provisions could have the effect of depriving the holders of our common shares of an opportunity to sell their common shares at a premium over prevailing market prices.

Insiders will continue to have substantial control over us after this offering and could limit your ability to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy, our Chairman, Mr. James F. Park, our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Juan Cristóbal Pavez, a director and Mr. Steven J. Quamme, a director, will control approximately 38% of our outstanding common shares after this offering, assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option and not including any purchases pursuant to any indications of interest. As a result, these shareholders, if acting together, would be able to influence or control matters requiring approval by our shareholders, including the election of directors and the approval of amalgamations, mergers or other

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extraordinary transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. The concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their common shares as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our common shares. In addition, we have received the following indications of interest to purchase in this offering, at the public offering price, an aggregate of US$60.0 million (or 8,000,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus): (i) Mr. James F. Park (or any of his affiliates), our Chief Executive Officer, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$2.0 million (or 266,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (ii) Mr. Juan Cristobal Pavez (or any of his affiliates), one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$5.0 million (or 666,666 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (iii) certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC: US$33.0 million (or 4,400,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Mr. Steven Quamme, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark Limited held by Cartica Management, LLC; and (iv) certain members of Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family (or any of their respective affiliates that do not include Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy): US$20.0 million (or 2,666,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Assuming all 8,000,000 of these common shares are so acquired, the percentage of shares beneficially owned after this offering by Mr. O'Shaughnessy, Mr. Park, Mr. Quamme and Mr. Pavez would be 47.38% of our total outstanding common shares after this offering, assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.

As a foreign private issuer, we are subject to different U.S. securities laws and NYSE governance standards than domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our common shares, and you may not receive corporate and company information and disclosure that you are accustomed to receiving or in a manner in which you are accustomed to receiving it.

As a foreign private issuer, the rules governing the information that we disclose differ from those governing U.S. corporations pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Although we intend to report quarterly financial results and report certain material events, we are not required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or provide current reports on Form 8-K disclosing significant events within four days of their occurrence and our quarterly or current reports may contain less information than required under U.S. filings. In addition, we are exempt from the Section 14 proxy rules, and proxy statements that we distribute will not be subject to review by the SEC. Our exemption from Section 16 rules regarding sales of common shares by insiders means that you will have less data in this regard than shareholders of U.S. companies that are subject to the Exchange Act. As a result, you may not have all the data that you are accustomed to having when making investment decisions. For example, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and "short-swing" profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder with respect to their purchases and sales of our common shares. The periodic disclosure required of foreign private issuers is more limited than that required of domestic U.S. issuers and there may therefore be less publicly available information about us than is regularly published by or about U.S. public companies. See "Where you can find additional information."

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As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from complying with certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE applicable to a U.S. issuer, including the requirement that a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors. As the corporate governance standards applicable to us are different than those applicable to domestic U.S. issuers, you may not have the same protections afforded under U.S. law and the NYSE rules as shareholders of companies that do not have such exemptions.

We are an "emerging growth company," and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common shares less attractive to investors.

We are an "emerging growth company," as defined in the JOBS Act, and we intend to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not "emerging growth companies," including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we will rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common shares and our share price may be more volatile.

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an "emerging growth company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an "emerging growth company" can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. However, we are choosing to "opt out" of such extended transition period, and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

The requirements of being a public company listed on the NYSE may increase our costs and disrupt the regular operations of our business.

This offering will have a significant transformative effect on us. We expect to incur significant legal, accounting, reporting and other expenses as a result of having publicly traded common shares listed on the NYSE. We will also incur costs which we have not incurred previously, including, but not limited to, costs and expenses for directors' fees, increased directors and officers insurance, investor relations, and various other costs of a public company.

We also anticipate that we will incur costs associated with corporate governance requirements, including requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules implemented by the SEC and NYSE. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and make some management and corporate governance activities more time-consuming and costly, particularly after we are no longer an "emerging growth company." These rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. This could have an adverse impact on our ability to recruit and bring on a qualified independent board.

The additional demands associated with being a public company listed on the NYSE may disrupt regular operations of our business by diverting the attention of some of our senior management team away from

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revenue producing activities to management and administrative oversight, adversely affecting our ability to attract and complete business opportunities and increasing the difficulty in both retaining professionals and managing and growing our businesses. Any of these effects could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

For as long as we are an "emerging growth company," our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years. See "Prospectus summary—Implications of being an emerging growth company." Furthermore, after the date we are no longer an emerging growth company, our independent registered public accounting firm will only be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting depending on our market capitalization. Even if our management concludes that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may still decline to attest to our management's assessment or may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. In addition, in connection with the implementation of the necessary procedures and practices related to internal control over financial reporting, we may identify deficiencies that we may not be able to remediate in time to meet the deadline imposed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for compliance with the requirements of Section 404. Failure to comply with Section 404 could subject us to regulatory scrutiny and sanctions, impair our ability to raise revenue, cause investors to lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and negatively affect our share price.

There are regulatory limitations on the ownership and transfer of our common shares which could result in the delay or denial of any transfers you might seek to make.

The Bermuda Monetary Authority, or the BMA, must specifically approve all issuances and transfers of securities of a Bermuda exempted company like us unless it has granted a general permission. We are able to rely on a general permission from the BMA to issue our common shares, and to freely transfer of our common shares as long as the common shares are listed on the NYSE and/or other appointed stock exchange (including AIM), to and among persons who are non-residents of Bermuda for exchange control purposes. Any other transfers remain subject to approval by the BMA and such approval may be denied or delayed.

We are a Bermuda company, and it may be difficult for you to enforce judgments against us or against our directors and executive officers.

We are incorporated as an exempted company under the laws of Bermuda and substantially all of our assets are located in Chile, Colombia, Argentina and Brazil. In addition, most of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States and all or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to effect service of process within the United States upon us, or to recover against us on judgments of U.S. courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws. Further, no claim may be brought in Bermuda against us or our directors and officers in the first instance for violation of U.S. federal securities laws because these laws have no extraterritorial application under Bermuda law and do not have force of law in Bermuda. However, a Bermuda court may impose civil liability, including the possibility of monetary damages, on us or our directors and officers if the facts alleged in a complaint constitute or give rise to a cause of action under Bermuda law.

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There is no treaty in force between the United States and Bermuda providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. As a result, whether a United States judgment would be enforceable in Bermuda against us or our directors and officers depends on whether the U.S. court that entered the judgment is recognized by the Bermuda court as having jurisdiction over us or our directors and officers, as determined by reference to Bermuda conflict of law rules. A judgment debt from a U.S. court that is final and for a sum certain based on U.S. federal securities laws will not be enforceable in Bermuda unless the judgment debtor had submitted to the jurisdiction of the U.S. court, and the issue of submission and jurisdiction is a matter of Bermuda (not U.S.) law.

In addition, and irrespective of jurisdictional issues, the Bermuda courts will not enforce a U.S. federal securities law that is either penal or contrary to Bermuda public policy. An action brought pursuant to a public or penal law, the purpose of which is the enforcement of a sanction, power or right at the instance of the state in its sovereign capacity, will not be entertained by a Bermuda court. Certain remedies available under the laws of U.S. jurisdictions, including certain remedies under U.S. federal securities laws, would not be available under Bermuda law or enforceable in a Bermuda court, as they would be contrary to Bermuda public policy.

Bermuda law differs from the laws in effect in the United States and might afford less protection to shareholders.

Our shareholders could have more difficulty protecting their interests than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction of the United States. As a Bermuda company, we are governed by our memorandum of association and bye-laws and Bermuda company law. The provisions of the Bermuda Companies Act, which applies to us, differs in some material respects from laws generally applicable to U.S. corporations and shareholders, including the provisions relating to interested directors, mergers and acquisitions, takeovers, shareholder lawsuits and indemnification of directors. Set forth below is a summary of these provisions, as well as modifications adopted pursuant to our bye-laws, which differ in certain respects from provisions of Delaware corporate law. Subject to the approval of the shareholders, we propose to adopt new bye-laws, or our New Bye-laws, subject to, and with effect from the date on which the company cancels admission of its common shares on AIM. We have also summarized, where applicable, any modifications which will be adopted pursuant to the New Bye-laws, to the extent that such modifications are different to those adopted pursuant to our current bye-laws. Because the following statements are summaries, they do not discuss all aspects of Bermuda law that may be relevant to us and our shareholders.

Interested Directors. Under our bye-laws and the Bermuda Companies Act, a director shall declare the nature of his interest in any contract or arrangement with the company. Our bye-laws further provide that a director so interested shall not, except in particular circumstances, be entitled to vote or be counted in the quorum at a meeting in relation to any resolution in which he has an interest, which is to his knowledge, a material interest (otherwise than by virtue of his interest in shares or debentures or other securities of or otherwise in or through the company). In addition, the director will not be liable to us for any profit realized from the transaction. This provision is also included in the New Bye-laws. In contrast, under Delaware law, such a contract or arrangement is voidable unless it is approved by a majority of disinterested directors or by a vote of shareholders, in each case if the material facts as to the interested director's relationship or interests are disclosed or are known to the disinterested directors or shareholders, or such contract or arrangement is fair to the corporation as of the time it is approved or ratified. Additionally, such interested director could be held liable for a transaction in which such director derived an improper personal benefit.

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Amalgamations, Mergers and Similar Arrangements. Pursuant to the Bermuda Companies Act, the amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company or corporation requires the amalgamation or merger agreement to be approved by the company's board of directors and by its shareholders. Shareholder approval is not required where (i) the holding company and one or more of its wholly-owned subsidiary companies amalgamate or merge or (ii) two or more wholly-owned subsidiary companies of the same holding company amalgamate or merge. Save for such "short-form" amalgamations or mergers, unless the company's bye-laws provide otherwise, the approval of 75% of the shareholders voting at such meeting is required to approve the amalgamation or merger agreement, and the quorum for such meeting must be two persons holding or representing more than one-third of the issued shares of the company. Our bye-laws provide that an amalgamation that has been approved by the board must also be approved by our shareholders by Special Resolution, which under our bye-laws means a resolution passed by a majority of the shareholders who (being entitled to do so) vote in person or by proxy at a general meeting of the company of which notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been given. Our bye-laws do not contain provisions relating to mergers and a merger would therefore require the approval of 75% of the shareholders voting at the meeting, as required by the Bermuda Companies Act. Under the New Bye-laws, an amalgamation or merger will require the approval of our board of directors and of our shareholders by Special Resolution, which under the New Bye-laws means a resolution adopted by 65% of more of the votes cast by shareholders who (being entitled to do so) vote in person or by proxy at any general meeting of the shareholders in accordance with the provisions of the New Bye-laws. Under Bermuda law, in the event of an amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company or corporation, a shareholder of the Bermuda company who is not satisfied that fair value has been offered for such shareholder's shares may, within one month of notice of the shareholders meeting, apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda to appraise the fair value of those shares. Under Delaware law, with certain exceptions, a merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all the assets of a corporation must be approved by the board of directors and a majority of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon. Under Delaware law, a shareholder of a corporation participating in certain major corporate transactions may, under certain circumstances, be entitled to appraisal rights pursuant to which such shareholder may receive cash in the amount of the fair value of the shares held by such shareholder (as determined by a court) in lieu of the consideration such shareholder would otherwise receive in the transaction.

Shareholders' Suit. Class actions and derivative actions are generally not available to shareholders under Bermuda law. The Bermuda courts, however, would ordinarily be expected to permit a shareholder to commence an action in the name of a company to remedy a wrong to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond the corporate power of the company or illegal, or would result in the violation of the company's memorandum of association or bye-laws. Furthermore, consideration would be given by a Bermuda court to acts that are alleged to constitute a fraud against the minority shareholders or where an act requires the approval of a greater percentage of the company's shareholders than that which actually approved it.

When the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner which is oppressive or prejudicial to the interests of some part of the shareholders, one or more shareholders may apply under the Bermuda Companies Act for an order of the Supreme Court of Bermuda, which may make such order as it sees fit, including an order regulating the conduct of the company's affairs in the future or ordering the purchase of the shares of any shareholders by other shareholders or by the company.

Our bye-laws contain a provision by virtue of which we and our shareholders waive any claim or right of action that they have, both individually and on our behalf, against any director or officer in relation to any

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action or failure to take action by such director or officer, except in respect of any fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer. The New Bye-laws also contain this provision. Class actions and derivative actions generally are available to shareholders under Delaware law for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste and actions not taken in accordance with applicable law. In such actions, the court has discretion to permit the winning party to recover attorneys' fees incurred in connection with such action.

Indemnification of Directors. We may indemnify our directors and officers in their capacity as directors or officers for any loss arising or liability attaching to them by virtue of any rule of law in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust of which a director or officer may be guilty in relation to the company other than in respect of his own fraud or dishonesty. Our bye-laws provide that we shall indemnify our officers and directors in respect of their acts and omissions, except in respect of their fraud or dishonesty, and (by incorporation of the provisions of the Bermuda Companies Act) that we may advance moneys to our officers and directors for the costs, charges and expenses incurred by our officers and directors in defending any civil or criminal proceedings against them on condition that the directors and officers repay the moneys if any allegations of fraud or dishonesty is proved against them. The New Bye-laws also include similar provisions. Under Delaware law, a corporation may indemnify a director or officer of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in defense of an action, suit or proceeding by reason of such position if such director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such director or officer had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. In addition, we have entered into customary indemnification agreements with our directors.

As a result of these differences, investors could have more difficulty protecting their interests than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in the United States.

We may become subject to taxes in Bermuda after March 31, 2035, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Under current Bermuda law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains. We have received from the Minister of Finance under The Exempted Undertaking Tax Protection Act 1966, as amended, an assurance that, in the event that Bermuda enacts legislation imposing tax computed on profits, income, any capital asset, gain or appreciation, or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance, then the imposition of any such tax shall not be applicable to us or to any of our operations or shares, debentures or other obligations, until March 31, 2035. We could be subject to taxes in Bermuda after that date. This assurance is subject to the proviso that it is not to be construed to prevent the application of any tax or duty to such persons as are ordinarily resident in Bermuda or to prevent the application of any tax payable in accordance with the provisions of the Land Tax Act 1967 or otherwise payable in relation to any property leased to us. We are incorporated in Bermuda as an exempted company and pay annual Bermuda government fees. In addition, all entities employing individuals in Bermuda are required to pay a payroll tax and there are other sundry taxes payable, directly or indirectly, to the Bermuda government. Neither we nor our Bermuda subsidiaries employ individuals in Bermuda as at the date of this prospectus.

The transfer of our common shares may be subject to capital gains taxes pursuant to indirect transfer rules in Chile.

In September 2012, Chile established "indirect transfer rules," which impose taxes, under certain circumstances, on capital gains resulting from indirect transfers of shares, equity rights, interests or other

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rights in the equity, control or profits of a Chilean entity, as well as on transfers of other assets and property of permanent establishments or other businesses in Chile, or the Chilean Assets. As we indirectly own Chilean Assets, the indirect transfer rules would apply to transfers of our common shares provided certain conditions outside of our control are met. If such conditions were present and as a result the indirect transfer rules were to apply to sales of our common shares, such sales would be subject to indirect transfer tax on the capital gain that may be determined in each transaction. For a description of the indirect transfer rules and the conditions of their application see "Material tax considerations—Chilean tax on transfers of shares."

Upon the completion of this offering, our common shares will for a time be listed on three separate stock markets, and investors seeking to take advantage of price differences between such markets may create unexpected volatility in our share price; in addition, investors may not be able to easily move common shares for trading between such markets.

Our common shares are currently admitted to AIM and the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange, and they have been approved for listing on the NYSE. Although we intend to (i) cancel the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM at 7:00 am GMT on February 19, 2014 (conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE) and (ii) de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, our common shares will be traded on multiple markets for a period of time. During such time, price levels for our common shares could fluctuate significantly between markets, independent of our share price on the other markets. Investors could seek to sell or buy our common shares to take advantage of any price differences between the markets through a practice referred to as arbitrage. Any arbitrage activity could create unexpected volatility in the price of our common shares on the NYSE.

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Forward-looking statements

This prospectus contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements. Many of the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "expect," "should," "plan," "intend," "will," "estimate" and "potential," among others.

Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places in this prospectus and include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations. Forward-looking statements are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to, those identified under the section entitled "Risk factors" in this prospectus. These risks and uncertainties include factors relating to:

•
  operating risks, including equipment failures and the amounts and timing of revenues and expenses;
•
  termination of, or intervention in, concessions, rights or authorizations granted by the Chilean, Colombian, Brazilian and Argentine governments to us;
•
  uncertainties inherent in making estimates of our oil and natural gas data;
•
  the volatility of oil and natural gas prices;
•
  environmental constraints on operations and environmental liabilities arising out of past or present operations;
•
  discovery and development of oil and natural gas reserves;
•
  project delays or cancellations;
•
  financial market conditions and the results of financing efforts;
•
  political, legal, regulatory, governmental, administrative and economic conditions and developments in the countries in which we operate;
•
  fluctuations in inflation and exchange rates in Chile, Colombia, Brazil (upon the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition) Argentina, and in other countries in which we may operate in the future;
•
  availability and cost of drilling rigs, production equipment, supplies, personnel and oil field services;
•
  contract counterparty risk;
•
  projected and targeted capital expenditures and other cost commitments and revenues;
•
  weather and other natural phenomena;
•
  the impact of recent and future regulatory proceedings and changes, changes in environmental, health and safety and other laws and regulations to which our company or operations are subject, as well as changes in the application of existing laws and regulations;
•
  current and future litigation;

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•
  our ability to successfully identify, integrate and complete acquisitions, including any of our Brazil Acquisitions;
•
  our ability to retain key members of our senior management and key technical employees;
•
  competition from other similar oil and natural gas companies;
•
  market or business conditions and fluctuations in global and local demand for energy;
•
  the direct or indirect impact on our business resulting from terrorist incidents or responses to such incidents, including the effect on the availability of and premiums on insurance; and
•
  other factors discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" in this prospectus.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information or future developments or to release publicly any revisions to these statements in order to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

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Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately US$93.9 million, based on the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses of the offering that are payable by us. Each US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the public offering price per common share would increase (decrease) our net proceeds, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses of the offering that are payable by us, by approximately US$13.1 million.

The principal purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our common shares in the United States and to facilitate our future access to the U.S. public equity markets, as well as to obtain additional capital and enhance our financial flexibility.

We may use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to finance or accelerate the growth of our operations in our current asset base, which we refer to as our organic expansion, and, following the completion of our Brazil Acquisitions, our Brazilian assets, or use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.

In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering for opportunistic acquisitions in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, as well as in other countries in South America, which may include Peru, though we currently do not have definitive plans or arrangements with respect to any potential investment in South America.

Pending their use, we intend to invest the proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, which may include interest-bearing securities.

In addition to being focused on the geographies mentioned above, our acquisition strategy is aimed at maintaining a balanced portfolio of lower-risk cash flow-generating properties and assets that have upside potential, as well as at keeping a balanced mix of oil- and gas-producing assets, though we expect to remain weighted toward oil.

However, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses of the proceeds from this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above. Accordingly, our management will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds of this offering.

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Dividend policy

Holders of common shares will be entitled to receive dividends, if any, paid on the common shares.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common shares. We intend to retain all of our future earnings, if any, generated by our operations for the development and growth of our business. Accordingly, we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common shares in the foreseeable future. Because we are a holding company with no direct operations, we will only be able to pay dividends from our available cash on hand and any funds we receive from our subsidiaries. The terms of our indebtedness may restrict us from paying dividends, or restrict our subsidiaries from paying dividends to us.

Under the Bermuda Companies Act, we may not declare or pay a dividend if there are reasonable grounds for believing that we are, or would after the payment be, unable to pay our liabilities as they become due or that the realizable value of our assets would thereafter be less than our liabilities. We do not presently have any reasonable grounds for believing that, if we were to declare or pay a dividend on our common shares outstanding immediately after this offering, we would thereafter be unable to pay our liabilities as they became due or that the realizable value of our assets would thereafter be less than our liabilities.

Additionally, any decision to pay dividends in the future, and the amount of any distributions, is at the discretion of our board of directors and our shareholders, and will depend on many factors, such as our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, prospects and other factors. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to the offering and our common shares—We have never declared or paid, and do not intend to pay in the foreseeable future, cash dividends on our common shares, and, consequently, your only opportunity to achieve a return on your investment is if the price of our stock appreciates" and "—We are a holding company dependent upon dividends from our subsidiaries, which may be limited by law and by contract from making distributions to us, which would affect our ability to pay dividends on the common shares," as well as "Description of share capital."

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Capitalization

The following table sets forth our cash at bank and in hand, borrowings and capitalization as of September 30, 2013, derived from our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with IFRS:

•
  on an actual basis; and
•
  as adjusted to give effect to:
  •
    the receipt by us of approximately US$93.9 million in estimated net proceeds from the sale of 13,500,000 common shares in this offering at an offering price of US$7.50 per common share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), and assuming no exercise of the option to purchase additional common shares by the underwriters,
  •
    the deduction of approximately US$2.9 million of estimated underwriting discounts and commissions (US$0.53 per share) as described further below, and
  •
    estimated offering expenses of US$4.5 million payable by us in connection with the offering.

The table below should be read in conjunction with "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations" and our interim Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

|  | As of September 30, 2013 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | Actual |  | As adjusted |
Cash at bank and in hand |  |  | 104,797 |  |  | 198,659 |
Total non-current borrowings(1) |  |  | 290,490 |  |  | 290,490 |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares, par value US$0.001 per share, 43,859,232 issued and outstanding actual, and 57,359,232 issued and outstanding as adjusted |  |  | 43 |  |  | 57 |
Share premium |  |  | 120,338 |  |  | 214,187 |
Reserves |  |  | 127,848 |  |  | 127,848 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 15,593 |  |  | 15,593 |
Total equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 263,822 |  |  | 357,685 |
Total capitalization(2)(3) |  |  | 554,312 |  |  | 648,175 |

(1)
  Our total non-current borrowings are all secured and guaranteed by us.
(2)
  Total capitalization includes total non-current borrowings plus total equity attributable to owners of the Company.
(3)
  For every US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the price per common share received by us in the offering, assuming the sale of 13,500,000 common shares in this offering, the estimated underwriting commissions and discounts we will pay will increase (decrease) by approximately US$0.4 million, resulting in an increase (decrease) in cash at bank and in hand, total equity attributable to owners of GeoPark and our total capitalization of approximately US$13.1 million. For every 1,000,000 increase (decrease) in the number of common shares sold by us in this offering, assuming an offering price of US$7.50 per common share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), the estimated underwriting commissions and discounts we will pay will increase (decrease) by approximately US$0.5 million, resulting in an increase (decrease) in cash at bank and in hand, total equity attributable to owners of GeoPark and our total capitalization by approximately US$7.0 million. In each case described above, our estimated offering expenses will change by a de minimis amount.

The estimated amount of underwriting discounts and commissions reflects management's current expectations based on discussions with the underwriters for this offering and therefore may change. The estimated amounts of underwriting discounts and commissions also assume that the underwriters will not receive any discounts or commissions on the common shares pursuant to the indications of interest

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described on the cover page of this prospectus. The amounts described above may differ from the actual amounts paid.

If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full to purchase 800,000 additional common shares at an offering price of US$7.50 per common share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions we will pay will increase by approximately US$0.4 million, and our estimated offering expenses will increase by a de minimis amount. Cash at bank and in hand will increase by approximately US$5.6 million and our issued and outstanding common shares will increase to 58,159,232 common shares. This will result in total equity attributable to owners of the Company and total capitalization each increasing by US$5.6 million.

For a breakdown of the estimated offering expenses payable by us, see "Expenses of the offering."

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Dilution

As of September 30, 2013, we had a net tangible book value of US$263.8 million, corresponding to a net tangible book value of US$6.02 per common share. Net tangible book value per common share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities, excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, if any, and non-controlling interest, divided by 43,859,232, the total number of our common shares outstanding as of September 30, 2013. We did not have any goodwill and other intangible assets as of September 30, 2013.

After giving effect to the sale by us of the 13,500,000 common shares offered in the offering, and considering an offering price of US$7.50 per common share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately US$2.9 million and estimated offering expenses of approximately US$4.5 million payable by us, our net tangible book value estimated as of September 30, 2013 would have been approximately US$357.67 million, or US$6.24 per common share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of US$0.22 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of US$1.26 per share to new investors purchasing common shares in this offering. Dilution for this purpose represents the difference between the price per common shares paid by these purchasers and net tangible book value per common share immediately after the completion of the offering.

The following table illustrates this dilution to new investors purchasing common shares in this offering.

Net tangible book value per common share as of September 30, 2013 |  |  | 6.02 |
Increase in net tangible book value per common share attributable to this offering |  |  | 0.22 |
Pro forma net tangible book value per common share after the offering |  |  | 6.24 |
Dilution per common share to new investors |  |  | 1.26 |
Percentage of dilution in net tangible book value per common share for new investors |  |  | 17% |

Each US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the offering price per common share, respectively, would increase (decrease) the net tangible book value after this offering by US$0.22 per common share and would increase (decrease) the dilution to investors in the offering by US$0.78 per common share assuming the sale of 13,500,000 common shares in this offering, and after deducting incremental estimated underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately US$0.5 million. Our estimated offering expenses will change by a de minimis amount.

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common shares in full, we will be required to pay an additional US$0.4 million in underwriting commissions and discounts, and our offering expenses will increase by a de minimis amount. As a result, the net tangible book value after this offering would increase by US$0.01 per common share, the pro forma net tangible book value per common share after this offering would be US$6.25 and investors in this offering will incur immediate dilution of US$1.25 per common share, in each case assuming an offering price of US$7.50 per common share (the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).

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Exchange rates

In Chile, Colombia and Argentina, our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we expect our functional currency for our pending Brazil operations to be the real.

The Brazilian foreign exchange system allows the purchase and sale of foreign currency and the international transfer of reais by any person or legal entity, regardless of the amount, subject to certain regulatory procedures.

Since 1999, the Brazilian Central Bank has allowed the U.S. dollar-real exchange rate to float freely, and, since then, the U.S. dollar-real exchange rate has fluctuated considerably.

In the past, the Brazilian Central Bank has intervened occasionally to control unstable movements in foreign exchange rates. We cannot predict whether the Brazilian Central Bank or the Brazilian government will continue to permit the real to float freely or will intervene in the exchange rate market through the return of a currency band system or otherwise. The real may depreciate or appreciate against the U.S. dollar substantially. Furthermore, Brazilian law provides that, whenever there is a serious imbalance in Brazil's balance of payments or there are serious reasons to foresee a serious imbalance, temporary restrictions may be imposed on remittances of foreign capital abroad. We cannot assure you that such measures will not be taken by the Brazilian government in the future. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Our results of operations could be materially adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates."

The following tables show the selling rate for U.S. dollars for the periods and dates indicated. The information in the "Average" column represents the average of the daily exchange rates during the periods presented. The numbers in the "Period-end" column are the quotes for the exchange rate as of the last business day of the period in question. As of February 5, 2014, the exchange rate for the purchase of U.S. dollars as reported by the Central Bank of Brazil was R$2.4106 per U.S. dollar.

Recent exchange rates of real per U.S. dollar |  | Low |  | High |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Month: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
July 2013 |  |  | 2.2267 |  |  | 2.2903 |
August 2013 |  |  | 2.2722 |  |  | 2.4457 |
September 2013 |  |  | 2.2031 |  |  | 2.3897 |
October 2013 |  |  | 2.1611 |  |  | 2.2123 |
November 2013 |  |  | 2.2426 |  |  | 2.3362 |
December 2013 |  |  | 2.3102 |  |  | 2.3817 |
January 2014 |  |  | 2.3335 |  |  | 2.4397 |
February 2014 (through February 5, 2014) |  |  | 2.4090 |  |  | 2.4177 |

Source: Central Bank of Brazil.

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Real/US$1.00 |  | Average |  | Period-end |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | 1.8375 |  |  | 2.3370 |
2009 |  |  | 1.9936 |  |  | 1.7412 |
2010 |  |  | 1.7593 |  |  | 1.6662 |
2011 |  |  | 1.6746 |  |  | 1.8758 |
2012 |  |  | 1.9550 |  |  | 2.0435 |
First quarter 2013 |  |  | 1.9964 |  |  | 2.0138 |
Second quarter 2013 |  |  | 2.0700 |  |  | 2.2156 |
Third quarter 2013 |  |  | 2.2889 |  |  | 2.2300 |
Fourth quarter 2013 |  |  | 2.2735 |  |  | 2.3426 |
First quarter 2014 (through February 5, 2014) |  |  | 2.3858 |  |  | 2.4106 |

Source: Central Bank of Brazil.

Exchange rate fluctuation may affect the U.S. dollar value of any distributions we make with respect to our common shares. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Our results of operations could be materially adversely affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates."

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Market information

Our common shares have been listed on AIM under the symbol "GPK" since May 15, 2006.

The table below presents, for the periods indicated, the annual, quarterly and monthly high and low closing prices (in GBP) of our common shares on AIM.

|  | Common shares |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | High |  | Low |  | Average daily trading volume |
|  | (GBP per share) |  | (in shares) |
Annual price history |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2008 |  |  | 4.82 |  |  | 2.60 |  |  | 56,682 |
2009 |  |  | 3.78 |  |  | 1.95 |  |  | 28,585 |
2010 |  |  | 8.75 |  |  | 3.99 |  |  | 52,636 |
2011 |  |  | 8.75 |  |  | 4.40 |  |  | 21,153 |
2012 |  |  | 7.55 |  |  | 4.58 |  |  | 11,469 |
2013 |  |  | 6.93 |  |  | 5.03 |  |  | 18,971 |
Quarterly price history |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1st Quarter |  |  | 6.93 |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | 8,059 |
2nd Quarter |  |  | 6.60 |  |  | 5.53 |  |  | 31,459 |
3rd Quarter |  |  | 5.86 |  |  | 5.40 |  |  | 31,557 |
4th Quarter |  |  | 6.08 |  |  | 5.03 |  |  | 4,661 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1st Quarter |  |  | 5.85 |  |  | 4.58 |  |  | 9,565 |
2nd Quarter |  |  | 6.90 |  |  | 5.54 |  |  | 13,386 |
3rd Quarter |  |  | 7.55 |  |  | 6.32 |  |  | 14,688 |
4th Quarter |  |  | 7.30 |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | 8,358 |
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1st Quarter |  |  | 8.75 |  |  | 6.73 |  |  | 24,481 |
2nd Quarter |  |  | 7.40 |  |  | 6.43 |  |  | 24,978 |
3rd Quarter |  |  | 6.45 |  |  | 4.90 |  |  | 20,232 |
4th Quarter |  |  | 5.58 |  |  | 4.40 |  |  | 15,134 |
Monthly price history |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 2013 |  |  | 5.80 |  |  | 5.73 |  |  | 21,421 |
June 2013 |  |  | 6.03 |  |  | 5.70 |  |  | 6,581 |
July 2013 |  |  | 5.88 |  |  | 5.63 |  |  | 3,355 |
August 2013 |  |  | 5.80 |  |  | 5.73 |  |  | 554 |
September 2013 |  |  | 5.85 |  |  | 5.40 |  |  | 93,450 |
October 2013 |  |  | 5.45 |  |  | 5.03 |  |  | 5,573 |
November 2013 |  |  | 5.48 |  |  | 5.40 |  |  | 6,227 |
December 2013 |  |  | 6.08 |  |  | 5.48 |  |  | 1,968 |
January 2014 |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | 5.53 |  |  | 6,130 |
February 2014 (through February 5, 2014) |  |  | 5.70 |  |  | 5.65 |  |  | 2,873 |

Source: Bloomberg

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On February 5, 2014, the last reported closing sale price on AIM was GBP 5.65 per common share (US$9.29 per common share, based on the certified foreign exchange rates of US$1.6450 published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for January 31, 2014).

Our common shares have also been listed on the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange under the symbol "GPK" since October 30, 2009.

The price of our common shares on AIM and the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange during recent periods may also be considered in determining the public offering price. It should be noted however, that historically there has been a limited volume of trading in our common shares on AIM and the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange.

Conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, we intend to cancel the admission of our common shares from trading on AIM at 7:00 am GMT on February 19, 2014. We also intend to de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE.

Our common shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE under the symbol "GPRK." We cannot assure investors that an active trading market will develop for our common shares, or that our common shares will trade in the public market subsequent to the offering at or above the initial public offering price.

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Selected historical financial data

We have derived our selected historical statement of income, balance sheet and cash flow data as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 from our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, which have been audited by PwC.

The selected historical financial data as of September 30, 2013 and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 have been derived from the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, which in the opinion of our management, include all adjustments necessary to present fairly our results of operations and financial condition at the dates and for the periods presented. The results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that you should expect for the entire year ended December 31, 2013 or any other period.

We maintain our books and records in U.S. dollars and prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS.

This financial information should be read in conjunction with "Presentation of Financial and Other Information," "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The selected historical financial data set forth in this section does not include any results or other financial information of our Colombian acquisitions prior to their incorporation into our financial statements, or our Brazil Acquisitions.

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Statement of income data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except per share numbers) |
| 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net oil sales |  |  | 235,225 |  |  | 158,309 |  |  | 221,564 |  |  | 73,508 |
Net gas sales |  |  | 15,305 |  |  | 23,830 |  |  | 28,914 |  |  | 38,072 |
Net revenue |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |
Production costs |  |  | (129,834 | ) |  | (88,656 | ) |  | (129,235 | ) |  | (54,513 | )
Gross profit(1) |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 93,483 |  |  | 121,243 |  |  | 57,067 |
Exploration costs |  |  | (16,012 | ) |  | (21,742 | ) |  | (27,890 | ) |  | (10,066 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | (32,050 | ) |  | (20,910 | ) |  | (28,798 | ) |  | (18,169 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (12,526 | ) |  | (15,650 | ) |  | (24,631 | ) |  | (2,546 | )
Other operating income/(expense) |  |  | 4,555 |  |  | 681 |  |  | 823 |  |  | (502 | )
Operating profit |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 35,862 |  |  | 40,747 |  |  | 25,784 |
Financial income |  |  | 1,562 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 162 |
Financial expenses |  |  | (28,762 | ) |  | (13,962 | ) |  | (17,200 | ) |  | (13,678 | )
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | — |
Profit before tax |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 30,665 |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 12,268 |
Income tax |  |  | (12,260 | ) |  | (6,266 | ) |  | (14,394 | ) |  | (7,206 | )
Profit for the period/year |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | 5,008 |
Profit attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 54 |
Earnings per share for profit attributable to owners of the Company—Basic |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 0.42 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 0.00 |
Earnings per share for profit attributable to owners of the Company—Diluted(2) |  |  | 0.34 |  |  | 0.40 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 0.00 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—Basic |  |  | 43,517,372 |  |  | 42,476,576 |  |  | 42,673,981 |  |  | 41,912,685 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—Diluted(2) |  |  | 46,298,301 |  |  | 44,879,887 |  |  | 44,109,305 |  |  | 43,917,167 |

(1) Gross profit is defined as net revenue minus production costs.

(2) See Note 18 to our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Balance sheet data

|  | As of September 30, |  | As of December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 571,394 |  |  | 457,837 |  |  | 224,635 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 17,560 |  |  | 10,707 |  |  | 2,957 |
Other financial assets |  |  | 3,952 |  |  | 7,791 |  |  | 5,226 |
Deferred income tax |  |  | 21,405 |  |  | 13,591 |  |  | 450 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 707 |
Total non-current assets |  |  | 616,279 |  |  | 490,436 |  |  | 233,975 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial assets |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,000 |
Inventories |  |  | 5,825 |  |  | 3,955 |  |  | 584 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 49,729 |  |  | 32,271 |  |  | 15,929 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 42,355 |  |  | 49,620 |  |  | 24,984 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 1,778 |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 147 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  |  | 104,797 |  |  | 48,292 |  |  | 193,650 |
Total current assets |  |  | 204,484 |  |  | 137,581 |  |  | 238,294 |
Total assets |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 628,017 |  |  | 472,269 |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 263,822 |  |  | 239,421 |  |  | 208,889 |
Equity attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | 88,540 |  |  | 72,665 |  |  | 41,763 |
Total equity |  |  | 352,362 |  |  | 312,086 |  |  | 250,652 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 290,490 |  |  | 165,046 |  |  | 134,643 |
Provisions for other long-term liabilities |  |  | 26,619 |  |  | 25,991 |  |  | 9,412 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred income tax |  |  | 23,834 |  |  | 17,502 |  |  | 13,109 |
Total non-current liabilities |  |  | 349,287 |  |  | 208,539 |  |  | 157,164 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 5,735 |  |  | 27,986 |  |  | 30,613 |
Current income tax |  |  | 13,196 |  |  | 7,315 |  |  | 187 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 100,183 |  |  | 72,091 |  |  | 33,653 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 119,114 |  |  | 107,392 |  |  | 64,453 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 468,401 |  |  | 315,931 |  |  | 221,617 |
Total equity and liabilities |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 628,017 |  |  | 472,269 |

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Cash flow data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Cash provided by (used in) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  | 98,328 |  |  | 106,740 |  |  | 131,802 |  |  | 68,763 |
Investing activities |  |  | (176,664 | ) |  | (252,503 | ) |  | (303,507 | ) |  | (101,276 | )
Financing activities |  |  | 144,831 |  |  | 27,053 |  |  | 26,375 |  |  | 131,739 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash |  |  | 66,495 |  |  | (118,710 | ) |  | (145,330 | ) |  | 99,226 |

Other financial data

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 (unaudited) |  | 2012 (unaudited) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Adjusted EBITDA(1) (US$ thousands) |  |  | 125,894 |  |  | 94,793 |  |  | 121,404 |  |  | 63,391 |
Adjusted EBITDA margin(2) |  |  | 50.3% |  |  | 52.0% |  |  | 48.5% |  |  | 56.8% |
Adjusted EBITDA per boe(3) |  |  | 35.1 |  |  | 32.4 |  |  | 31.1 |  |  | 22.9 |

(1) Adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure. For a definition of Adjusted EBITDA and other information relating to this measure, see "Presentation of financial and other information—Financial statements—Non-IFRS financial measures." For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA see "Prospectus summary—Summary historical financial data."

(2) Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net revenue.

(3) Adjusted EBTIDA per boe is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by total production expressed in boe. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA per boe, see "Prospectus summary—Summary historical financial data."

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Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data

The following Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data below is presented as if the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva, our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and the disposition of the 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia had occurred as of January 1, 2012. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of financial position is presented below as if our pending Rio das Contas acquisition had occurred on September 30, 2013.

The Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data is based on the following financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and should be read in conjunction with them and the notes thereto:

•
  our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements;
•
  our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements;
•
  the Colombian Acquisitions Consolidated Financial Statements;
•
  the Rio das Contas Audited Consolidated Financial Statements; and
•
  the Rio das Contas Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

The acquisition dates for Winchester, Luna and Cuerva were February 14, 2012, February 14, 2012 and March 27, 2012, respectively. However, for accounting purposes, these acquisitions were computed as if they had occurred on January 31, 2012, January 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, respectively. For purposes of the Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data, Winchester, Luna and Cuerva pre-acquisition income statement data for the periods from January 1, 2012 through January 31, 2012, January 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, respectively, or the Pre-acquisition Stub Period, has been extracted from the Colombian Acquisitions Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

The acquisition date for Rio das Contas is expected to be in the first quarter of 2014. The Rio das Contas pre-acquisition income statement data for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the Rio das Contas pre-acquisition statement of financial position data as of September 30, 2013 have been extracted from the Rio das Contas Consolidated Financial Statements.

We entered into an agreement to dispose of a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia on December 18, 2012. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, LGI paid a total consideration of US$20.1 million, composed of a US$14.9 million capital contribution, a US$4.9 million loan to GeoPark Colombia and certain miscellaneous reimbursements.

The Cuerva pre-acquisition income statement data for the three-month period ended March 31, 2012 used in the preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data differs from our historical financial statements included in this prospectus. The pre-acquisition income statement has been prepared in accordance with US GAAP, whereas our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. Therefore, we have adjusted the pre-acquisition US GAAP financial data to IFRS consistent with our accounting policies by applying IFRS in all material respects to such financial data.

The preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data includes the impact of certain purchase accounting adjustments, such as estimated changes in depreciation expense on acquired proved and unproved properties that are expected to have a continuing impact on us. Accordingly, the

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amounts shown in our Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have resulted if the acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2012 or that may result in the future.

The Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data is for informational purposes only. Because of its nature, it addresses a hypothetical situation and it is not intended to represent or to be indicative of the consolidated financial position or results of operations that we would have reported had the acquisitions been completed on the dates indicated. It should not be relied upon as representative of the historical consolidated financial position or results of operations that would have been achieved, or the future consolidated financial position or operating results that can be expected. The unaudited pro forma adjustments, described in the accompanying notes, are based on available information and certain assumptions that management believes are reasonable for purposes of this Prospectus.

Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental non-IFRS financial measure that is used by management and external users of our financial statements, such as industry analysts, investors, lenders and rating agencies. We define Adjusted EBITDA as profit for the period before net finance cost, income tax, depreciation, amortization and certain non-cash items such as impairments and write-off of exploration and evaluation assets, accrual of stock options and stock awards and bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of profit or cash flows as determined by IFRS and may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies. See "Presentation of financial and other information—Financial statements—Non-IFRS financial measures."

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Unaudited pro forma condensed combined income statement

|  | For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$) |  | GeoPark historical IFRS |  | Colombian acquisitions historical IFRS pre- acquisition stub period (1) and (2) |  | Rio das Contas historical IFRS |  | Pro forma adjustments Colombian acquisitions (3) |  | Pro forma adjustments Rio das Contas acquisition (4) |  | Pro forma adjustments Colombian disposition (5) |  | Pro forma combined |
Net revenue |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 23,831 |  |  | 51,094 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 325,403 |
Production costs |  |  | (129,235 | ) |  | (14,229 | ) |  | (18,167 | ) |  | (167 | )(a) |  | (13,853 | )(a) |  | — |  |  | (175,651 | )
Gross profit/(loss) |  |  | 121,243 |  |  | 9,602 |  |  | 32,927 |  |  | (167 | ) |  | (13,853 | ) |  | — |  |  | 149,752 |
Exploration costs |  |  | (27,890 | ) |  | (337 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,227 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | (28,798 | ) |  | (2,417 | ) |  | (4,075 | ) |  | 495 | (b) |  | 464 | (b) |  | — |  |  | (34,331 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (24,631 | ) |  | (4,343 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (28,974 | )
Other operating income / (expenses) |  |  | 823 |  |  | 665 |  |  | 896 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,384 |
Operating profit/(loss) |  |  | 40,747 |  |  | 3,170 |  |  | 29,748 |  |  | 328 |  |  | (13,389 | ) |  | — |  |  | 60,604 |
Net financial result |  |  | (16,308 | ) |  | 184 |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | — |  |  | (4,410 | )(c) |  | — |  |  | (19,479 | )
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |
Profit/(loss) before income tax |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 3,354 |  |  | 30,803 |  |  | 328 |  |  | (17,799 | ) |  | — |  |  | 49,526 |
Income tax |  |  | (14,394 | ) |  | (1,391 | ) |  | (7,569 | ) |  | (44 | )(c) |  | 6,117 | (d) |  | — |  |  | (17,281 | )
Profit/(loss) for the year |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 1,963 |  |  | 23,234 |  |  | 284 |  |  | (11,682 | ) |  | — |  |  | 32,245 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 1,963 |  |  | 23,234 |  |  | 284 |  |  | (11,682 | ) |  | (1,700 | ) |  | 23,978 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,700 |  |  | 8,267 |
Earnings per share (in US$) for profit attributable to owners of the Company: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 0.28 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.56 |
Diluted |  |  | 0.27 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.54 |
Weighted average number of common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 42,673,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42,673,981 |
Diluted |  |  | 44,109,305 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,109,305 |

(1-5) See Notes to the Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data below.

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|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$) |  | GeoPark historical IFRS |  | Rio das Contas historical IFRS |  | Pro forma adjustments Rio das Contas acquisition (4) |  | Pro forma combined |
Net revenue |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 36,658 |  |  | — |  |  | 287,188 |
Production costs |  |  | (129,834 | ) |  | (18,050 | ) |  | (8,911 | )(a) |  | (156,795 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 18,608 |  |  | (8,911 | ) |  | 130,393 |
Exploration costs |  |  | (16,012 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,012 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | (32,050 | ) |  | (1,409 | ) |  | — |  |  | (33,459 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (12,526 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,526 | )
Other operating income / (expenses) |  |  | 4,555 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,555 |
Operating profit/(loss) |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 17,199 |  |  | (8,911 | ) |  | 72,951 |
Net financial result |  |  | (27,200 | ) |  | 613 |  |  | (3,233 | ) |  | (29,820 | )
Profit/(loss) before income tax |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 17,812 |  |  | (12,144 | ) |  | 43,131 |
Income tax |  |  | (12,260 | ) |  | (3,724 | ) |  | 4,129 |  |  | (11,855 | )
Profit/(loss) for the period |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 14,088 |  |  | (8,015 | ) |  | 31,276 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 14,088 |  |  | (8,015 | ) |  | 21,840 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,436 |
Earnings per share (in US$) for profit attributable to owners of the Company: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 0.36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.50 |
Diluted |  |  | 0.34 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.47 |
Weighted average number of shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 43,517,372 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43,517,372 |
Diluted |  |  | 46,298,301 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46,298,301 |

(4) See Notes to the Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data below.

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Unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of financial position

|  | As of September 30, 2013 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | GeoPark historical IFRS |  | Rio das Contas historical IFRS |  | Pro forma adjustments Rio das Contas acquisition (4) |  | Pro forma combined |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 571,394 |  |  | 69,510 |  |  | 65,826 | (e) |  | 706,730 |
Other |  |  | 44,885 |  |  | 232 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,117 |
Total non-current assets |  |  | 616,279 |  |  | 69,742 |  |  | 65,826 |  |  | 751,847 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 49,729 |  |  | 9,940 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,669 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 42,355 |  |  | 211 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,566 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  |  | 104,797 |  |  | 19,666 |  |  | (77,894 | )(f) |  | 46,569 |
Other |  |  | 7,603 |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,666 |
Total current assets |  |  | 204,484 |  |  | 29,880 |  |  | (77,894 | ) |  | 156,470 |
Total assets |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 99,622 |  |  | (12,068 | ) |  | 908,317 |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share premium |  |  | 120,338 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | (64,865 | ) |  | 120,338 |
Reserves |  |  | 127,848 |  |  | 8,970 |  |  | (8,970 | )(g) |  | 127,848 |
Other |  |  | 15,636 |  |  | 9,283 |  |  | (9,283 | )(g) |  | 15,636 |
Attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 263,822 |  |  | 83,118 |  |  | (83,118 | ) |  | 263,822 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 88,540 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88,540 |
Total equity |  |  | 352,362 |  |  | 83,118 |  |  | (83,118 | ) |  | 352,362 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 290,490 |  |  | — |  |  | 70,450 | (h) |  | 360,940 |
Provisions for other long-term liabilities |  |  | 26,619 |  |  | 6,484 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,103 |
Deferred income tax |  |  | 23,834 |  |  | 3,843 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,677 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,344 |
Contingent payment |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 600 | (i) |  | 600 |
Total non-current liabilities |  |  | 349,287 |  |  | 10,327 |  |  | 71,050 |  |  | 430,664 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 100,183 |  |  | 2,598 |  |  | — |  |  | 102,781 |
Borrowings |  |  | 5,735 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,735 |
Other |  |  | 13,196 |  |  | 3,579 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,775 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 119,114 |  |  | 6,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 125,291 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 468,401 |  |  | 16,504 |  |  | 71,050 |  |  | 555,955 |
Total equity and liabilities |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 99,622 |  |  | (12,068 | ) |  | 908,317 |

(1-4) See Notes to the Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data below.

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Notes to the Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data

Note 1—Historical financial information of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva

The historical financial information of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva for the Pre-acquisition Stub Period is derived from the Winchester Consolidated Financial Statements and the Luna Consolidated Financial Statements, which are prepared in accordance with IFRS, and from the Cuerva Consolidated Financial Statements, which are prepared in accordance with US GAAP, all of which are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following table presents the historical financial information for the Pre-acquisition Stub Period in respect of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva under IFRS:

|  | Pre-acquisition Stub Period |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | Winchester |  | Luna |  | Cuerva(2) |  | Colombian Acquisitions Historical IFRS Pre- acquisition Stub Period |
Net revenue |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 20,858 |  |  | 23,831 |
Production costs |  |  | (1,196 | ) |  | (124 | ) |  | (12,909 | ) |  | (14,229 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 1,417 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 7,949 |  |  | 9,602 |
Exploration costs |  |  | — |  |  | (337 | ) |  | — |  |  | (337 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | (226 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (2,167 | ) |  | (2,417 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (508 | ) |  | (51 | ) |  | (3,784 | ) |  | (4,343 | )
Other operating income |  |  | 170 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 481 |  |  | 665 |
Operating profit/(loss) |  |  | 853 |  |  | (162 | ) |  | 2,479 |  |  | 3,170 |
Net financial result |  |  | 82 |  |  | 434 |  |  | (332 | ) |  | 184 |
Profit/(loss) before income tax |  |  | 935 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 2,147 |  |  | 3,354 |
Income tax |  |  | (594 | ) |  | (89 | ) |  | (708 | ) |  | (1,391 | )
Profit/(loss) for the period |  |  | 341 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 1,439 |  |  | 1,963 |
Depreciation |  |  | (296 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (4,105 | ) |  | (4,430 | )
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 1,149 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 6,584 |  |  | 7,937 |

Note 2—Translation of Cuerva US GAAP historical financial information to IFRS

The historical financial information of Cuerva has been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. For the purposes of presenting the Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data, the income statement data for the Pre-acquisition Stub Period have been translated to IFRS by applying in all material respects our accounting policies in accordance with IFRS assuming a transition date of January 1, 2011.

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The following table presents the adjustments to the historical financial information for the Pre-acquisition Stub Period in respect of Cuerva:

|  | Pre-acquisition Stub Period |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(In thousands of US$) |  | US GAAP |  | IFRS presentation adjustments |  | IFRS measurement adjustments |  | IFRS |
Net revenue |  |  | 22,594 |  |  | (229 | ) |  | (1,507)(a) |  |  | 20,858 |
Production costs |  |  | (13,421 | ) |  | (136 | ) |  | 648(b) |  |  | (12,909 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 9,173 |  |  | (365 | ) |  | (859) |  |  | 7,949 |
Administrative costs |  |  | (2,167 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,167 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (4,149 | ) |  | 365 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,784 | )
Other operating income/(expenses) |  |  | 481 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 481 |
Operating profit/(loss) |  |  | 3,338 |  |  | — |  |  | (859) |  |  | 2,479 |
Net financial result |  |  | (332 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (332 | )
Profit/(loss) before income tax |  |  | 3,006 |  |  | — |  |  | (859) |  |  | 2,147 |
Income tax |  |  | (1,331 | ) |  | — |  |  | 623(c) |  |  | (708 | )
Profit/(loss) for the period |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | — |  |  | (236) |  |  | 1,439 |
Depreciation |  |  | (4,753 | ) |  | — |  |  | 648 |  |  | (4,105 | )
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 8,091 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,507) |  |  | 6,584 |

IFRS presentation adjustments

The presentation of certain income statement items in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined income statements differs from the historical financial statements of Cuerva. Therefore, certain reclassifications were made to conform to IFRS. These primarily include the reclassification of transportation costs, which under US GAAP are recorded within production costs while under IFRS we recognize them as selling expenses.

IFRS measurement adjustments

(a) Stock valuation

Under both US GAAP and IFRS, crude oil is valued at cost. Changes in crude oil valuation are recorded within net revenue. However, the cost determined under US GAAP differs from the cost under IFRS because the depreciation charge capitalized is calculated under a different basis.

(b) Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Under US GAAP, the depreciation of proved oil and gas properties is calculated following a unit of production method that considers proved reserves.

Under IFRS, we depreciate our proved oil and gas properties following a unit of production method that considers commercial proved and probable reserves. This calculation also takes into account estimated future finding and development costs.

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(c)
  Income tax

Under both US GAAP and IFRS, a deferred tax asset is recorded due to differences between tax and accounting basis of crude oil and property, plant and equipment. However, as previously discussed, these accounting basis differ between US GAAP and IFRS, generating an impact on income tax.

Under both US GAAP and IFRS, a deferred tax asset is recorded due to differences between tax and accounting basis of crude oil and property, plant and equipment. However, as previously discussed, the accounting basis differs between US GAAP and IFRS, generating an impact on income tax.

Note 3—Purchase price adjustments on Colombian acquisitions

(In thousands of US$) |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Total cost of the acquisitions |  |  |  |  |  | 111,873 |
Less: Book value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total book value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  |  | 88,431 |  |  |  |
Fair value adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proved and unproved properties(i) |  |  | 28,017 |  |  |  |
Other(ii) |  |  | 3,826 |  |  |  |
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  |  | 120,274 |  |  |  |
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  | 8,401 |

(i) Reflects fair value adjustments of property, plant and equipment and the recognition of mineral interest.

(ii) Reflects fair value adjustments of crude oil inventories.

The following pro forma adjustments were made to the Pre-acquisition Stub Period to reflect the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva as if they had occurred on January 1, 2012:

(a) Additional depreciation expense resulting from the increased basis of property, plant and equipment acquired of US$0.2 million.

(b) Acquisition costs of US$0.5 million, which we incurred during 2012 (reflected in the GeoPark Historical IFRS column) in connection with the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva have been excluded from the pro forma condensed combined income statement because they are non-recurring costs directly attributable to the transaction. These costs are reflected in retained earnings in the pro forma condensed combined statement of financial position as of September 30, 2013.

(c) Increase in income taxes related to the foregoing adjustments. The rate applied for adjustment (a) is the statutory rate in Colombia of 33%. The rate applied for adjustment (b) is the statutory rate in Chile of 20% given that the acquisition costs were incurred by Agencia.

Note 4—Purchase price adjustments on Rio das Contas acquisition

The purchase price allocation of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition is preliminary and may be subject to change. The final purchase price allocation is pending the approval of the transaction by the ANP, which may result in an adjustment to the purchase price. Any such adjustment will be reflected as an increase or

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decrease by means of working capital adjustment to be determined at the closing date of the Rio das Contas acquisition.

(in thousands of US$) |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cost of the acquisition |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash payment(i) |  |  | 148,344 |  |  |  |
Contingent payment |  |  | 600 |  |  |  |
Total cost of the acquisition |  |  |  |  |  | 148,944 |
Less: Book value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total book value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  |  | 83,118 |  |  |  |
Fair value adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proved and unproved properties(ii) |  |  | 65,826 |  |  |  |
Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed |  |  |  |  |  | 148,944 |

(i) Comprised of a fixed purchase price of US$140 million, increased by a working capital adjustment of US$8.3 million calculated based on the Rio das Contas Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. The final working capital adjustment will be determined on the closing date.

(ii) Reflects fair value adjustments of property, plant and equipment and the recognition of mineral interest.

The following pro forma adjustments were made to the unaudited condensed combined pro forma income statements for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 to reflect the pending acquisition of Rio das Contas as if it had occurred on January 1, 2012:

(a) Additional depreciation expense resulting from the increased basis of property, plant and equipment acquired of US$10.2 million and US$6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, respectively. Also, the accounting policy for depreciation of oil and gas properties was adjusted to conform to our policy (which is based on commercial proved and probable reserves) resulting in additional depreciation expense of US$3.6 million and US$2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, respectively.

(b) Acquisition costs of US$0.5 million, which we incurred during 2012 (reflected in GeoPark Historical IFRS column) in connection with the pending acquisition of Rio das Contas have been excluded from the pro forma condensed combined income statement because they are non-recurring costs directly attributable to the transaction. These costs are reflected in retained earnings in the pro forma condensed combined statement of financial position as of September 30, 2013.

(c) Interest expense on US$70.5 million credit facility to be incurred in connection with the acquisition is calculated using an effective interest rate of 6.3% and 4.6% for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, respectively. The loan will mature five years from the date of disbursement and will bear a variable interest rate equal six-month LIBOR + 3.9%. The effect of a 1/8 percent variance in the interest rate on profit for the year/period would be US$0.4 million and US$0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, respectively.

(d) Increase in income taxes related to foregoing adjustments. The rate applied for adjustments (a) and (c) is the statutory rate in Brazil of 34%. The rate applied for adjustment (b) is the statutory rate in Chile of 20% given that the acquisition costs were incurred by Agencia, a subsidiary of GeoPark Limited incorporated in Chile.

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The following pro forma adjustments were made to the unaudited condensed combined pro forma statement of financial position to reflect the pending acquisition of Rio das Contas as if it had occurred on September 30, 2013:

(e) Fair value adjustment of US$65.8 million allocated to the recognition of mineral interest.

(f) Adjustment to reflect: (i) increase in cash of US$70.5 million due to bank indebtedness to be issued in connection with the acquisition; and (ii) cash payment of US$148.3 million relating to the acquisition.

(g) Elimination of Rio das Contas equity items for consolidation purposes.

(h) Bank indebtedness of US$70.5 million to be incurred in connection with the acquisition. This loan will mature five years from the date of disbursement and will bear a variable interest rate equal to six-month LIBOR + 3.9%.

(i) Contingent payment of US$0.6 million relating to the acquisition. The purchase price is adjusted for an earn out amount equal to 45% of the net cash flows of the BCAM-40 Concession in excess of US$25 million. The earn out amount is calculated over a five-year period starting January 1, 2013.

Note 5—Pro forma adjustments on Colombian disposition

The unaudited condensed combined pro forma income statement for the year ended December 31, 2012 was adjusted to reflect the disposition of the 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia as if it had occurred on January 1, 2012. The adjustment represents an increase of US$1.7 million in profit/(loss) for the year attributable to non-controlling interest, and was calculated applying the 20% interest over: (i) the post-acquisition results of GeoPark Colombia included in the Annual Consolidated Financial Statements; (ii) the Pre-acquisition Stub Period results derived from the Colombian Acquisitions Consolidated Financial Statements; and (iii) the pro forma adjustments on the Colombian acquisitions.

Note 6—Reconciliations

Reconciliation of pro forma Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of pro forma profit for the period/year

(In thousands of US$) |  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 |  | For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Pro forma profit for the period/year attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 21,840 |  |  | 23,978 |
Pro forma non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 8,267 |
Pro forma profit for the period/year |  |  | 31,276 |  |  | 32,245 |
Pro forma income tax |  |  | 11,855 |  |  | 17,281 |
Pro forma net finance results |  |  | 29,820 |  |  | 19,479 |
Pro forma others(i) |  |  | (6,216 | ) |  | (12,009 | )
Pro forma impairment and write off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | 11,955 |  |  | 27,100 |
Pro forma accrual of stock options and stock awards |  |  | 5,946 |  |  | 5,396 |
Pro forma depreciation |  |  | 63,787 |  |  | 79,216 |
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 148,423 |  |  | 168,708 |

(i) Includes capitalized costs for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and for the year ended December 31, 2012. Includes bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries of US$8.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.

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Reconciliation of Rio das Contas historical Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS measure of Rio das Contas historical profit for the period/year

(in thousands of US$) |  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 |  | For the year ended December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Rio das Contas historical profit/(loss) for the period/year |  |  | 14,088 |  |  | 23,234 |
Income tax |  |  | 3,724 |  |  | 7,569 |
Net financial result |  |  | (613 | ) |  | (1,055 | )
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | — |  |  | 1,211 |
Depreciation |  |  | 5,330 |  |  | 7,449 |
Rio das Contas historical Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 22,529 |  |  | 38,408 |

Pro forma reserves information

The pro forma reserves information presented below has been prepared to illustrate the combined reserves of the Company and Rio das Contas as of December 31, 2012 and 2011. These reserves estimates have not been filed with or included in reports to any federal authority or agency other than the SEC in connection with this offering. The pro forma reserves information is an internal estimate and is the aggregate of (i) information pertaining to the Company's reserves derived from the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report as of December 31, 2012, and (ii) an internal estimate rolled back to December 31, 2012 and 2011, as appropriate from Rio das Contas' reserves as of June 30, 2013 as described in the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as described below:

•
  Rio das Contas net proved reserves as of December 31, 2012 were determined based on the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report as of June 30, 2013 and the production for the six-month period ended June 30, 2013, considering that there have been no drilling activities in such period. Prices fluctuations had no impact on the quantity of reserves;
•
  Rio das Contas net proved reserves as of June 30, 2013 according to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report consisted of 124.0 mbbl of oil and 48,067 mmcf of gas; and
•
  Rio das Contas production for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 consisted of 3,721 boepd (including 98% natural gas and 2% oil).

As a result the reserves as of December 31, 2012 were estimated to be 134.3 mbbl of oil and 51,762.9 mmcf of gas. A similar roll back approach was adopted for the reserves estimate as of December 31, 2011.

The roll back approach was necessary because we are not in possession of a Rio das Contas reserves report for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 based on the SEC definition of net proved reserves. The adjustments described above were derived from company estimates. As a result, to prepare the reserves estimates for these periods in compliance with the SEC definitions, we adopted the roll back approach described above. As such, the tables presenting our pro forma estimated net proved reserves are internal estimates. The pro forma standardized measures are not intended to represent the market value of our estimated net proved reserves at the dates so indicated.

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Pro forma reserves as of December 31, 2012

The estimated pro forma net proved reserves for the properties evaluated as of December 31, 2012 are summarized as follows, expressed in mbbl and mmcf:

|  | GeoPark historical |  | Rio das Contas historical |  | Pro forma combined |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Oil and condensate |  | Natural gas |  | Oil and condensate |  | Natural gas |  | Oil and condensate |  | Natural gas |
|  | (mbbl) |  | (mmcf) |  | (mbbl) |  | (mmcf) |  | (mbbl) |  | (mmcf) |
Net proved developed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chile |  |  | 2,104.8 |  |  | 12,768.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,104.8 |  |  | 12,768.0 |
Colombia |  |  | 2,008.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,008.6 |  |  | — |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Brazil |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81.3 |  |  | 31,489.9 |  |  | 81.3 |  |  | 31,489.9 |
Total consolidated |  |  | 4,113.4 |  |  | 12,768.0 |  |  | 81.3 |  |  | 31,489.9 |  |  | 4,194.7 |  |  | 44,257.9 |
Net proved undeveloped |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chile |  |  | 3,153.3 |  |  | 16,813.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,153.3 |  |  | 16,813.0 |
Colombia |  |  | 4,618.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,618.4 |  |  | — |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Brazil |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53.0 |  |  | 20,273.0 |  |  | 53.0 |  |  | 20,273.0 |
Total consolidated |  |  | 7,771.7 |  |  | 16,813.0 |  |  | 53.0 |  |  | 20,273.0 |  |  | 7,824.7 |  |  | 37,086.0 |
Total proved reserves |  |  | 11,885.1 |  |  | 29,581.0 |  |  | 134.3 |  |  | 51,762.9 |  |  | 12,019.4 |  |  | 81,343.9 |

Pro forma net proved reserves of oil, condensate and natural gas

The following table presents the pro forma evolution of our net proved reserves of oil and condensate as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

|  | Net proved reserves (developed and undeveloped) of oil and condensate |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | GeoPark historical |  | Rio das Contas historical |  | Pro forma combined |
|  | (mbbl) |
Reserves as of December 31, 2011 |  |  | 5,254.1 |  |  | 158.1 |  |  | 5,412.2 |
Increase (decrease) attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revisions |  |  | (1,250.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,250.8 | )
Extensions and discoveries |  |  | 2,670.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,670.0 |
Purchases of minerals in place |  |  | 7,522.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,522.8 |
Production |  |  | (2,311.0 | ) |  | (23.8 | ) |  | (2,334.8 | )
Reserves as of December 31, 2012 |  |  | 11,885.1 |  |  | 134.3 |  |  | 12,019.4 |

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The following table presents the pro forma evolution of our net proved reserves of natural gas as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

|  | Net proved reserves (developed and undeveloped) of natural gas |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | GeoPark historical |  | Rio das Contas historical |  | Pro forma combined |
|  | (mmcf) |
Reserves as of December 31, 2011 |  |  | 57,157.0 |  |  | 59,694.2 |  |  | 116,851.2 |
Increase (decrease) attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revisions |  |  | (21,860.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21,860.0 | )
Extensions and discoveries |  |  | 2,256.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,256.0 |
Purchases |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Production |  |  | (7,972.0 | ) |  | (7,931.3 | ) |  | (15,903.3 | )
Reserves as of December 31, 2012 |  |  | 29,581.0 |  |  | 51,762.9 |  |  | 81,343.9 |

Pro forma standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves

The following table presents our pro forma standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

|  | As of December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | GeoPark historical |  | Rio das Contas historical |  | Pro forma combined |
|  | (In thousands of US$) |
Future cash inflows |  |  | 1,060,225 |  |  | 352,467 |  |  | 1,412,692 |
Future production costs |  |  | (317,305 | ) |  | (102,957 | ) |  | (420,262 | )
Future development costs |  |  | (195,066 | ) |  | (19,839 | ) |  | (214,905 | )
Future income taxes |  |  | (142,991 | ) |  | (20,485 | ) |  | (163,476 | )
Undiscounted future net cash flows |  |  | 404,863 |  |  | 209,186 |  |  | 614,049 |
10% annual discount |  |  | (68,769 | ) |  | (54,524 | ) |  | (123,293 | )
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows |  |  | 336,094 |  |  | 154,662 |  |  | 490,756 |

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The following table presents pro forma changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012.

|  | GeoPark historical |  | Rio das Contas historical |  | Pro forma combined |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | (In thousands of US$) |
Present value as of December 31, 2011 |  |  | 285,603 |  |  | 195,152 |  |  | 480,755 |
Sales of hydrocarbon, net of production costs |  |  | (120,346 | ) |  | (49,068 | ) |  | (169,414 | )
Net changes in sales price and production costs |  |  | 45,100 |  |  | (31,902 | ) |  | 13,198 |
Changes in estimated future development costs |  |  | (73,255 | ) |  | — |  |  | (73,255 | )
Extensions and discoveries less related costs |  |  | 108,768 |  |  | — |  |  | 108,768 |
Development costs incurred |  |  | 57,055 |  |  | 1,079 |  |  | 58,134 |
Revisions of previous quantity estimates |  |  | (174,757 | ) |  | — |  |  | (174,757 | )
Purchase of minerals in place |  |  | 143,660 |  |  | — |  |  | 143,660 |
Net changes in income taxes |  |  | 23,250 |  |  | 16,003 |  |  | 39,253 |
Accretion of discount |  |  | 36,215 |  |  | 23,398 |  |  | 59,613 |
Other changes |  |  | 4,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,801 |
Present value as of December 31, 2012 |  |  | 336,094 |  |  | 154,662 |  |  | 490,756 |

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Management's discussion and analysis of
financial condition and results of operations

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto, the Rio das Contas Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, as well as the information presented under "Selected historical financial data" and "Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data."

The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth in "Risk factors" and "Forward-looking statements."

Overview

We are an independent oil and natural gas E&P company with operations in South America and a proven track record of growth in production, reserves and cash flows since 2006. We operate in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and, to a lesser extent, in Argentina, and expect to further expand our footprint in Brazil following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments."

We have a well-balanced portfolio of assets that includes working and/or economic interests in 26 onshore hydrocarbons blocks, nine of which are currently in production, as well as in an additional concession in Brazil upon the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and two new concessions in Brazil that are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements by the ANP. We produced a net average of 13,148 boepd during the first nine months of 2013, 53% of which was produced in Chile, 46% of which was produced in Colombia and 0.5% of which was produced in Argentina, and of which 82% was oil. Accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, on a pro forma basis, we would have produced an average of 16,869 boepd during the first nine months of 2013, with Chile, Colombia and Brazil representing 42%, 36% and 22% of our production, respectively, and with oil representing 64% of our total production. As of December 31, 2012, we had net proved reserves of 16.8 mmboe (composed of 71% oil and 29% natural gas), of which 10.2 mmboe, or 61%, and 6.6 mmboe, or 39%, were in Chile and Colombia, respectively. According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe (composed of 100% oil). Additionally, according to this report, as of June 30, 2013, Rio das Contas had net proved reserves of 8.1 mmboe (composed of approximately 98% natural gas).

Factors affecting our results of operations

We describe below the period-to-period comparisons of our historical results and the analysis of our financial condition. Our future results could differ materially from our historical results due to a variety of factors, including the following:

Discovery and exploitation of reserves

Our results of operations depend on our level of success in finding, acquiring (including through bidding rounds) or gaining access to oil and natural gas reserves. While we have geological reports evaluating certain proved, contingent and prospective resources in our blocks, there is no assurance that we will continue to be successful in the exploration, appraisal, development and commercial production of oil and natural gas. The calculation of our geological and petrophysical estimates is complex and imprecise, and it is possible that our future exploration will not result in additional discoveries, and, even if we are able to

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successfully make such discoveries, there is no certainty that the discoveries will be commercially viable to produce. We have been able to successfully develop our assets through drilling, with 68%, or 99, of the 145 exploratory, appraisal and development wells that we drilled from January 1, 2006 through September 30, 2013 becoming productive wells.

For the first nine months of 2013, we drilled 32 new wells (14 in Chile and 18 in Colombia) in blocks in which we have working interests and/or economic interests. We made total capital expenditures of US$191.5 million (US$115.4 million, US$71.5 million and US$4.6 million in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, respectively) for the first nine months of 2013, consisting of US$111.3 million related to exploration and R$10.2 million (approximately US$4.6 million, at the September 30, 2013 exchange rate of R$2.23 to US$1.00) in license fee payments to the ANP for our Round 11 concessions. We expect our total capital expenditures for 2013 to have been between US$200 million to US$230 million in Chile, Colombia and Brazil.

In 2014, we expect our total capital expenditures, excluding the purchase price for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, to be between US$220 million to US$250 million, of which approximately 62%, 32% and 5% will be in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, respectively. These capital expenditures will include the drilling of 50 to 60 new wells (approximately 40% of which we expect will be exploratory wells), as well as workovers, seismic surveys and new facility construction. In Brazil, we expect our capital expenditures will consist of between US$5 million to US$7.5 million to finance in part the construction of a gas compression plant in the Manati Field following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and approximately US$0.45 million in license fee payments to the ANP relating to our Round 12 concessions, with the remainder for seismic surveys in exploration blocks in the Potiguar and Recôncavo Basins. In addition, in Brazil, we expect to spend US$140 million, subject to certain adjustments, to acquire Rio das Contas, which we intend to finance through the incurrence of a loan of approximately US$70.5 million and cash on hand.

Our results of operations will be adversely affected in the event that our estimated oil and natural gas asset base does not result in additional reserves that may eventually be commercially developed. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will acquire new exploration blocks or gain access to exploration blocks that contain reserves. Unless we succeed in exploration and development activities, or acquire properties that contain new reserves, our anticipated reserves will continually decrease, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Oil and gas revenue and international prices

Our revenues are derived from the sale of our oil and natural gas production, as well as of condensate derived from the production of natural gas. Our oil and natural gas prices are driven by the international prices of oil and methanol (for our Chilean gas production), respectively, which are denominated in U.S. dollars. The price realized for the oil we produce is linked to WTI and Brent, U.S. dollar denominated international benchmarks. The price realized for the natural gas we produce in Chile is linked to the international price of methanol, which is settled in the international markets in U.S. dollars. The market price of these commodities is subject to significant fluctuation and has historically fluctuated widely in response to relatively minor changes in the global supply and demand for oil and natural gas, market uncertainty, economic conditions and a variety of additional factors.

For example, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2013, NYMEX WTI crude oil contracts prices ranged from a low of US$64.78 per bbl to a high of US$113.39 per bbl, Henry Hub natural gas average monthly spot prices ranged from a low of US$1.82 per mmbtu to a high of US$7.51 per mmbtu, US Gulf methanol spot barge prices ranged from a low of US$324.61 per metric ton to a high of US$530.71 per metric ton

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and Brent spot prices ranged from a low of US$67.18 per barrel to a high of US$128.14 per barrel. We have historically not hedged our production to protect against fluctuations.

Additionally, the oil and gas we sell may be subject to certain discounts. For instance, in Chile, the price of oil we sell to ENAP is based on WTI minus certain marketing and quality discounts based on, among other things, API and mercury content. Mercury content can vary depending on the geology and features in each field. For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, these discounts resulted in average price deductions of US$13.5 per bbl and US$9.9 per bbl, respectively, and realized prices of US$83.7 per bbl and US$87.1 per bbl, respectively.

We have a long-term gas supply contract with Methanex. The price of the gas sold under this contract is determined based on a formula that takes into account various international prices of methanol, including US Gulf methanol spot barge prices, methanol spot Rotterdam prices and spot prices in Asia. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—A substantial or extended decline in oil, natural gas and methanol prices may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations." As of the date of this prospectus, we had not entered into any derivative arrangements or contracts to mitigate the impact on our results of operations of fluctuations in commodity prices.

In Chile, if the market prices of WTI and methanol had fallen by 10% as compared to actual prices during the year, with all other variables held constant, after-tax profit for the year ended December 31, 2012 would have been lower by US$13.0 million (US$9.5 million in 2011).

In Colombia, the price of oil we sell is based on Brent, adjusted for certain marketing and quality discounts based on, among other things, API, viscosity, sulphur, delivery point and water content. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, these discounts resulted in average deductions in price of US$18.8 per bbl and an average realized price of US$81.7 per bbl. Our oil sales contracts in Colombia are short-term agreements and do not commit the parties to a minimum volume, and are subject to the ability of either party to receive or deliver the production, as applicable.

In Brazil, prices for gas produced in the Manati Field are based on a long-term off-take contract with Petrobras. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, Rio das Contas's average sale price was US$40.2/boe. The price of gas sold under this contract is denominated in reais and is adjusted annually for inflation pursuant to the Brazilian General Market Price Index (Índice Geral de Preços—Mercado), or IGPM.

Production costs

Our production costs consist primarily of expenses associated with the production of oil and gas, the most significant of which are gas plant leasing, facilities and wells maintenance (including pulling works), labor costs, contractor and consultant fees, chemical analysis, royalties and products, among others. As commodity prices increase, our production costs may increase. We have historically not hedged our costs to protect against fluctuations.

Availability and reliability of infrastructure

Our business depends on the availability and reliability of operating and transportation infrastructure in the areas in which we operate. Prices and availability for equipment and infrastructure, and the maintenance thereof, affect our ability to make the investments necessary to operate our business, and thus our results of operations and financial condition. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Our inability to access needed equipment and infrastructure in a timely manner may hinder our access to oil and natural gas markets and generate significant incremental costs or delays in our oil and natural gas production."

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In order to mitigate the risk of unavailability of operating and transportation infrastructure, we have invested in the construction of plant and pipeline infrastructure to produce, process and store hydrocarbon reserves and to transport them to market. In the Fell Block, for example, we have constructed over 120 km of pipeline and a gas plant with a processing and compression capacity of 35.3 mmcfpd. We also constructed an oil treatment plant with a processing capacity of 9,500 bopd to service oil produced in the Fell Block, which became operative in November 2013 and which, following a test period, we expect will be operated at full capacity by the end of November 2014.

Production levels

Our oil and gas production levels are heavily influenced by our drilling results, our acquisitions and oil and natural gas prices. Since being awarded 100% of the working interest in the Fell Block in 2006, and through September 30, 2013, we have drilled 92 exploratory, appraisal and development wells in the Fell Block, with 72%, or 66, of such wells becoming productive. Production at the Fell Block has increased from 3,292 boepd in 2008 to 7,013 boepd as of September 30, 2013. Since acquiring our Colombian operations and through September 30, 2013, 42 exploratory, appraisal and development wells have been drilled in blocks in which we have working interests and/or economic interests, with 67% of such wells becoming productive. Production in our Colombian operations has increased from 2,965 boepd for the month of April 30, 2012 (the first full month following our Colombian acquisitions) to 6,075 boepd for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

We expect that fluctuations in our financial condition and results of operations will be driven by the rate at which production volumes from our wells decline. As initial reservoir pressures are depleted, oil and gas production from a given well will decline over time. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Unless we replace our oil and natural gas reserves, our reserves and production will decline over time. Our business is dependent on our continued successful identification of productive fields and prospects and the identified locations in which we drill in the future may not yield oil or natural gas in commercial quantities."

Contractual obligations

In order to protect our exploration and production rights in our license areas, we must make and declare discoveries within certain time periods specified in our various special contracts, E&P Contracts and concession agreements. The costs to maintain or operate our license areas may fluctuate or increase significantly, and we may not be able to meet our commitments under these agreements on commercially reasonable terms or at all, which may force us to forfeit our interests in such areas. If we do not succeed in renewing these agreements, or in securing new ones, our ability to grow our business may be materially impaired. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Under the terms of some of our various CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements, we are obligated to drill wells, declare any discoveries and file periodic reports in order to retain our rights and establish development areas. Failure to meet these obligations may result in the loss of our interests in the undeveloped parts of our blocks or concession areas."

Administrative costs

Our administrative costs increased by US$10.6 million, or 59%, from 2011 to 2012, a significant portion of which was attributable to our acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in the first quarter of 2012. Our administrative costs for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 increased by US$11.1 million, or 53.3%, compared to the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012, influenced by our Colombian acquisitions in the first quarter of 2012, and as a result of an increase in staff costs of US$6.2 million,

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including an increase of US$2.2 million in share based payments, and higher costs associated with new business developments. Furthermore, we expect administrative costs to increase as a result of our Brazil Acquisitions, and as a result of becoming a publicly traded company in the United States. Public company costs include expenses associated with our annual and quarterly reporting, investor relations, registrar and transfer agent fees, incremental insurance costs and accounting and legal services.

Acquisitions

Our results of operations are significantly affected by our past acquisitions. We generally incorporate our acquired business into our results of operations at or around the date of closing, such as our Colombian acquisitions in 2012, which limits the comparability of such period including such acquisitions with prior periods. This is also expected to be the case for our Brazil Acquisitions. See "Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data" for a pro forma analysis of our financial condition and results of operations.

As described above, part of our strategy is to acquire and consolidate assets in South America. We intend to continue to selectively acquire companies, producing properties and concessions. As with our historical acquisitions, any future acquisitions could make year-to-year comparisons of our results of operations difficult. We may also incur substantial debt, issue additional equity securities or use other funding sources to fund future acquisitions.

Functional and presentational currency

Our Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in U.S. dollars, which is our functional and presentational currency. Items included in the financial information of each of our entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates, or the functional currency, which is the U.S. dollar in each case, except for our pending Brazil operations, where we expect the functional currency will be the real.

Geographical segment reporting

We divide our business into four geographical segments—Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina—that correspond to our principal jurisdictions of operation. Activities not falling into these four geographical segments are reported under a separate corporate segment that primarily includes certain corporate administrative costs not attributable to another segment. As of September 30, 2013, our Chilean segment contributed US$119.4 million, or 47.6%, of our revenues, our Colombian segment contributed US$130.1 million, or 51.9%, of our revenues and our Argentine segment contributed US$1.1 million, or 0.5%, of our revenues. On a pro forma basis, our Brazil Acquisitions represented 12.8% of our revenues for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

In the description of our results of operations that follow, our "Other" operations reflect our non-Chilean and non-Colombian operations, primarily consisting of our Argentine, Brazilian (mainly related to the start-up of our operations in such country) and corporate head office operations.

Description of principal line items

The following is a brief description of the principal line items of our statement of income.

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Net revenue

Net revenue includes the sale of crude oil, condensate and natural gas net of value-added tax, or VAT, and discounts related to the sale, such as API and mercury adjustments. Revenue is recognized when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer, the associated costs and amount of revenue can be estimated reliably, recovery of the consideration is probable, and there is no continuing management involvement with the goods.

Production costs

For a description of our production costs, see "—Factors affecting our results of operations."

Capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties are depreciated on a licensed-area-by-licensed-area basis, using the unit of production method, based on commercial proved and probable reserves as calculated under the Petroleum Resources Management System methodology promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and the World Petroleum Council, or the PRMS, which differs from SEC reporting guidelines pursuant to which certain information in the forepart of this prospectus is presented. The calculation of the "unit of production" depreciation takes into account estimated future discovery and development costs. Changes in reserves and cost estimates are recognized prospectively. Reserves are converted to equivalent units on the basis of approximate relative energy content.

Exploration costs

Exploration costs consist of geosciences costs, including wages and salaries and share-based compensation not subject to capitalization, impairment losses, write-offs of unsuccessful exploration efforts, geological consultancy costs and costs relating to independent reservoir engineer studies. In particular, upon completion of the evaluation phase, a prospect is either transferred to oil and gas properties if it contains reserves, or is charged as exploration costs in the period in which the determination is made. See "—Critical accounting policies and estimates—Oil and gas accounting."

Administrative costs

Administrative costs consist of corporate costs such as director fees and travel expenses, new project evaluations and back-office expenses principally comprised of wages and salaries, share-based compensation, consultant fees and other administrative costs, including certain costs relating to acquisitions.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses consist primarily of transportation and storage costs.

Financial results, net

Financial results, net consists of financial income offset by financial expenses. Financial income includes interest received from bank time deposits and the effect of exchange rate differences. Financial expenses principally include interest expense not subject to capitalization, bank charges, the effect of exchange rate differences and the unwinding of long-term liabilities.

Profit for the period attributable to owners of the Company

Profit for the period attributable to owners of the Company consists of profit for the year less non-controlling interest.

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Fourth quarter 2013 oil and gas production

In the fourth quarter of 2013, our average oil and gas production totaled 14,548 boepd, a 37% increase as compared to our average oil and gas production for the fourth quarter of 2012 of 10,627 boepd, with oil and liquids representing 82% of our total production as compared to 75% for the fourth quarter of 2012.

Oil production increased by 50% to 11,938 bopd (consisting of 4,160 bopd, 7,717 bopd and 61 bopd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the three months ended December 31, 2013, as compared to 7,939 bopd for the three months ended December 31, 2012. Gas production increased to 15,662 mcfpd (consisting of 15,526 mcfpd, 48 mcfpd and 88 mcfpd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the three months ended December 31, 2013. Oil production increased by 7% and 92% in Chile and Colombia, respectively, for the fourth quarter of 2013 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2012.

For the year ended December 31, 2013, our average oil and gas production totaled 13,517 boepd, a 20% increase as compared to our average oil and gas production for the year ended December 31, 2012 of 11,292 boepd. Oil and liquids represented 82% and 66% of our total oil and gas production for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Oil production increased by 48% to 11,113 bopd (consisting of 4,581 bopd, 6,482 bopd and 50 bopd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the year ended December 31, 2013, as compared to 7,491 bopd for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Gas production increased to 14,419 mcfpd (consisting of 14,283 mcfpd, 52 mcfpd and 84 mcfpd in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively) for the year ended December 31, 2013.

The increase in oil production for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2013 was mainly due to the development of and new discoveries made in the Llanos 34 and Yamú Blocks in Colombia, as well as to the continuing development of the Tobífera formation in the Fell Block in Chile. In the fourth quarter of 2013, we installed the first electrical submersible pump, or ESP, in Chile, in the Yagan Norte 2 development well in the Fell Block in the Tertiary formation, reaching production of 560 bopd. Additionally, we tested the Punta Delgada Norte 4 well in the Fell Block at a depth of 2,198 feet, with gas flow at a rate of approximately 1.8 mmcfpd, representing a new gas field discovery.

In Colombia, in the Llanos 34 Block, we drilled and tested the Tigana 1 exploration well in the Mirador formation. The well is currently producing at a rate of approximately 2,126 bopd. In addition, we tested the Guadalupe formation, with production at a rate of approximately 1,465 bopd. We also drilled and tested the Tigana Sur 1 well in the Llanos 34 Block in the Guadalupe formation, which is currently producing approximately 1,598 bopd. The Tigana 1 and Tigana Sur 1 wells represent our fourth and fifth new oil field discoveries, respectively, in the Llanos 34 Block since 2012.

Oil production increased by 14% and 89% in Chile and Colombia, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to the same period in 2012. In Chile, gas production decreased by 37% from 22,804 mcfpd for the year ended December 31, 2012 to 14,419 mcfpd for the year ended December 31, 2013, mainly due to the temporary shut-down of the Methanex plant from April to September of 2013.

On a pro forma basis, accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, our average oil and gas production for the year ended December 31, 2013 reached 17,098 boepd (consisting of 11,173 bopd of oil and 35,539 mcfpd of gas), with oil and liquids representing 65% of total production. For the quarter ended December 31, 2013, our pro forma production reached 18,212 boepd (consisting of 12,002 bopd of oil and 37,263 mcfpd of gas).

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2014 Drilling and Work Program

In 2014, we expect our total capital expenditures to be between US$220 million to US$250 million. These capital expenditures will include the drilling of a total 50 to 60 new wells (approximately 40% of which we expect will be exploratory wells), as well as workovers, seismic surveys and new facility construction. We expect that approximately 62% of our total capital expenditures for 2014 will be incurred in Chile, which will include the drilling of approximately 32 to 37 wells, as well as workovers, seismic surveys and new facility construction, including oil pipelines. We expect that approximately 32% of our total capital expenditures for 2014 will be incurred in Colombia, which will include the drilling of approximately 18 to 23 wells, as well as workovers and new facility construction, mainly related to civic works, production facilities in the Tua and Tigana fields and improvements to the Taro Taro and Max field facilities. Finally, we expect that approximately 5% of our total capital expenditures for 2014 will be incurred in Brazil, which will consist of between US$5 million to US$7.5 million to finance in part the construction of a gas compression plant in the Manati Field following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and approximately US$0.45 million in license fee payments to the ANP relating to our Round 12 concessions, with the remainder for seismic surveys in exploration blocks in the Potiguar and Recôncavo Basins. In addition, in Brazil, we expect to spend US$140 million, subject to certain adjustments, to acquire Rio das Contas, which we intend to finance through the incurrence of a loan of approximately US$70.5 million and cash on hand.

Results of operations

The following discussion is of certain financial and operating data for the periods indicated. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

We acquired Winchester and Luna on February 14, 2012 and Cuerva on March 27, 2012. Accordingly, our results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the year ended December 31, 2012 are not fully comparable with prior periods. For accounting purposes, the results of operations of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva were consolidated into our financial statements beginning on January 31, 2012, January 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, respectively. See Note 35 to our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

In addition, our Consolidated Financial Statements will not be fully comparable with our consolidated financial statements prepared for any period following the date upon which we fully consolidate Rio das Contas into our operations for accounting purposes. See "Presentation of financial and other information."

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Nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 compared to nine-month period ended September 30, 2012

The following table summarizes certain financial and operating data for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | % Change from prior period |
|  | (unaudited) |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net oil sales |  |  | 235,225 |  |  | 158,309 |  |  | 49% |
Net gas sales |  |  | 15,305 |  |  | 23,830 |  |  | (36)% |
Net revenue |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 38% |
Production costs |  |  | (129,834 | ) |  | (88,656 | ) |  | 46% |
Gross profit(1) |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 93,483 |  |  | 29% |
Gross margin (%)(2) |  |  | 48% |  |  | 51% |  |  | (6)% |
Exploration costs |  |  | (16,012 | ) |  | (21,742 | ) |  | (26)% |
Administrative costs |  |  | (32,050 | ) |  | (20,910 | ) |  | 53% |
Selling expenses |  |  | (12,526 | ) |  | (15,650 | ) |  | (20)% |
Other operating income |  |  | 4,555 |  |  | 681 |  |  | 569% |
Operating profit |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 35,862 |  |  | 80% |
Financial results, net |  |  | (27,200 | ) |  | (13,598 | ) |  | 100% |
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | (100)% |
Profit before income tax |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 30,665 |  |  | 22% |
Income tax expense |  |  | (12,260 | ) |  | (6,266 | ) |  | 96% |
Profit for the period |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 3% |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 44% |
Profit for the period attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | (12)% |
Net production volumes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil (mbbl) |  |  | 2,953 |  |  | 1,784 |  |  | 66% |
Gas (mcf) |  |  | 3,820 |  |  | 6,862 |  |  | (44)% |
Total net production (mboe) |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | 2,927 |  |  | 23% |
Average net production (boepd) |  |  | 13,148 |  |  | 11,533 |  |  | 14% |
Average realized sales price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil (US$ per bbl) |  |  | 82.5 |  |  | 91.8 |  |  | (7)% |
Gas (US$ per mcf) |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 15% |
Average realized sales price per boe (US$) |  |  | 73.5 |  |  | 66.6 |  |  | 10% |
Average unit costs per boe (US$) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cost |  |  | 19.1 |  |  | 14.8 |  |  | 29% |
Royalties and other |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 6% |
Production costs(3) |  |  | 22.7 |  |  | 18.2 |  |  | 25% |
Depreciation |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 12% |
Total production cost |  |  | 36.2 |  |  | 30.3 |  |  | 19% |
Exploration costs |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | (39)% |
Administrative costs |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 25% |
Selling expenses |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | (34)% |

(1) Gross profit is defined as total revenue minus production costs.

(2) Gross margin is defined as total revenue minus production costs, divided by total revenue.

(3) Calculated pursuant to FASB ASC 932.

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The following table summarizes certain financial and operating data.

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
(in thousands of US$) |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Other |  | Total |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Other |  | Total |
|  | (unaudited) |
Net revenue |  |  | 119,359 |  |  | 130,053 |  |  | 1,118 |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 117,244 |  |  | 63,923 |  |  | 972 |  |  | 182,139 |
Gross profit |  |  | 69,546 |  |  | 50,214 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 68,314 |  |  | 24,867 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 93,483 |
Depreciation |  |  | (21,835 | ) |  | (27,477 | ) |  | (234 | ) |  | (49,546 | ) |  | (22,178 | ) |  | (13,249 | ) |  | (801 | ) |  | (36,228 | )
Impairment and write-offs |  |  | (8,711 | ) |  | (3,244 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,955 | ) |  | (13,627 | ) |  | (4,727 | ) |  | (1,944 | ) |  | (20,298 | )

Net revenue

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, 93.9% and 6.1% of our total revenues were derived from crude oil sales and natural gas sales, respectively.

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Consolidated (in thousands of US$) |
| 2013 |  | 2012 |
|  | (unaudited) |
Sale of crude oil |  |  | 235,225 |  |  | 158,309 |
Sale of gas |  |  | 15,305 |  |  | 23,830 |
Total |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
By country (in thousands of US$)
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | %
|  | (unaudited)
Chile |  |  | 119,359 |  |  | 117,244 |  | 2
Colombia |  |  | 130,053 |  |  | 63,923 |  | 103
Other |  |  | 1,118 |  |  | 972 |  | 15
Total |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  | 38

Net revenue increased 38%, from US$182.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$250.5 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, primarily as a result of the increase in production and deliveries in Colombia, as well as of incorporation of a full nine months of Colombian operations in our results as compared to the similar period in 2012.

The increase in net revenue is explained by:

•
  an increase of US$92.9 million in oil deliveries, and
•
  an increase of US$3.6 million from the realized price for gas sold;

partially offset by:

•
  a decrease of US$12.1 million in gas deliveries, and
•
  a decrease of US$16.0 million from the realized price for oil sold.

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Net revenue attributable to our operations in Chile was US$119.4 million and US$117.2 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, representing 48% and 64% of our total consolidated sales, respectively, a 1.9% increase from the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012. Sales of crude oil increased from 1,072 mbbl for such period in 2012 to 1,244 mbbl in 2013, a 16% increase, due to new discoveries made in the Tobífera formation, which increased production mainly at the Konawentru field. This was partially offset by (i) a decrease in the average realized prices per barrel of crude oil of US$3.4 per barrel, or 4%, from US$87.1 per barrel for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$83.7 per barrel for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, primarily attributable to a decrease of US$3.6 per barrel attributable to quality discounts in the oil we produced partially offset by a slight WTI increase, and (ii) a reduction in Chilean gas sales in an amount of US$8.5 million, or 36%, from US$23.8 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$15.3 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. The lower gas sales resulted from reduced drilling activity for gas prospects, as we focused on oil prospects, and from the temporary shutdown of the Methanex plant, to which we deliver our gas. During the temporary shutdown, from April 2013 to September 23, 2013, we reduced our gas deliveries to Methanex by 25% per day.

Net revenue attributable to our operations in Colombia for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 was US$130.1 million, compared to US$63.9 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012, representing 52% and 35% of our total consolidated sales. Such amounts were primarily due to increased sales of crude oil, from 561 mbbl for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to 1,508 mbbl for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, an increase of 169%. This increase resulted from (i) the incorporation of an additional three months of Cuerva's results in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the incorporation of an additional month of Winchester and Luna's operations (the revenues for the corresponding period that were not included in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 were US$23.8 million) as compared to the same period in 2012, and (ii) the development of the Max and Tua fields and our discoveries of the Tarotaro field in the Llanos 34 Block and the Potrillo field in the Yamú Block. This was partially offset by a decrease in the average realized prices per barrel of crude oil from US$101.5 per barrel to US$81.7 per barrel, primarily due to (i) the change in our commercial strategy in Colombia (whereas we had historically delivered all of our production at the port of Coveñas, in 2013, we began selling a portion of our production at well heads. Consequently, our transportation costs, recorded in selling expenses, were reduced, which resulted in a corresponding reduction in our sales price), and (ii) a decrease of 4% in the price of Brent.

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Production costs

The following table summarizes our production costs for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, on a consolidated basis and by country.

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Consolidated (in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | % Change from prior period |
|  | (unaudited) |
Depreciation |  |  | (48,423 | ) |  | (35,529 | ) |  | 36% |
Royalties |  |  | (13,010 | ) |  | (9,900 | ) |  | 31% |
Staff costs |  |  | (12,195 | ) |  | (6,102 | ) |  | 100% |
Transportation costs |  |  | (8,494 | ) |  | (5,112 | ) |  | 66% |
Well and facilities maintenance |  |  | (13,423 | ) |  | (5,749 | ) |  | 133% |
Consumables |  |  | (11,636 | ) |  | (7,639 | ) |  | 52% |
Equipment rental |  |  | (5,562 | ) |  | (5,504 | ) |  | 1% |
Other costs |  |  | (17,091 | ) |  | (13,121 | ) |  | 30% |
Total |  |  | (129,834 | ) |  | (88,656 | ) |  | 46% |

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
By country (in thousands of US$) |
| Chile |  | Colombia |  | Chile |  | Colombia |
|  | (unaudited) |
Depreciation |  |  | (21,008 | ) |  | (27,380 | ) |  | (21,770 | ) |  | (13,180 | )
Royalties |  |  | (5,669 | ) |  | (7,208 | ) |  | (5,547 | ) |  | (4,215 | )
Staff costs |  |  | (5,730 | ) |  | (7,508 | ) |  | (5,521 | ) |  | (1,837 | )
Transportation costs |  |  | (4,937 | ) |  | (3,399 | ) |  | (4,583 | ) |  | (388 | )
Well and facilities maintenance |  |  | (5,391 | ) |  | (7,733 | ) |  | (4,168 | ) |  | (1,415 | )
Consumables |  |  | (1,391 | ) |  | (10,180 | ) |  | (2,215 | ) |  | (5,368 | )
Equipment rental |  |  | — |  |  | (5,562 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,504 | )
Other costs |  |  | (5,687 | ) |  | (10,869 | ) |  | (5,126 | ) |  | (7,149 | )
Total |  |  | (49,813 | ) |  | (79,839 | ) |  | (48,930 | ) |  | (39,056 | )

Production costs increased 46%, from US$88.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$129.8 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, primarily as the result of the incorporation of a full nine months of our Colombian operations into our results, as well as of an increase in oil production and deliveries in such countries, which resulted in our revenue mix being 93.9% oil and 6.1% gas for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, as compared to 87% oil and 13% gas for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012.

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, in Chile, operating costs (production costs less depreciation, royalties and share-based payments) increased to US$11.5 per boe from US$9.2 per boe in the same period in 2012. This increase was driven by the continuing change in revenue mix from gas to oil, as operating costs for oil are higher than for gas, and due to an increase in well and facilities maintenance, mainly as a result of an increase of US$1.0 million in pulling costs recorded under production costs. In the

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first nine months of 2013, the revenue mix for Chile was 87.2% oil and 12.8% gas, whereas for the same period in 2012 it was 79.7% oil and 20.3% gas.

Operating costs in Colombia increased 107.3% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the corresponding period in 2012, primarily due to the incorporation of a full nine months of our Colombian operations in our results (operating costs that were not included in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 were US$14.2 million) and increases in production and deliveries. However, operating costs per boe in Colombia decreased to US$27.1 per boe for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 from US$32.8 per boe for the corresponding period in 2012, resulting from fixed costs spread over increased production.

Gross profit

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | 69,546 |  |  | 68,314 |  |  | 1,232 |  |  | 2 |
Colombia |  |  | 50,214 |  |  | 24,867 |  |  | 25,347 |  |  | 102 |
Other |  |  | 936 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 634 |  |  | 210 |
Total |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 93,483 |  |  | 27,213 |  |  | 29 |

Gross profit increased 29%, from US$93.5 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$120.7 million for the corresponding period in 2013, primarily as a result of the incorporation of a full nine months of our Colombian operations into our results (gross profit that was not included in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 was US$9.4 million). Gross margin for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 was 48%, which represented a decrease of 6% as compared to gross margin for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 of 51%, due to the incorporation of our Colombian acquisitions into our results for the first nine months of 2013, which resulted in higher royalties and depreciation charges in Colombia than in the corresponding period in 2012. Accordingly, our production costs per barrel for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 in Chile were US$26.0 as compared to US$48.1 in Colombia.

Gross profit per barrel increased from US$31.9 for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$33.6 for the corresponding period in 2013, primarily as a result of the increase in the average sales price per boe from US$66.6 to US$73.5.

Gross profit attributable to our operations in Chile for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 was US$69.5 million, a 2% increase from US$68.3 million for the corresponding period in 2012 due to increased revenues. The contribution to our gross profit during such periods from our operations in Chile was 58% and 73%, respectively.

Gross profit attributable to our operations in Colombia for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 was US$50.2 million, a 102% increase from US$24.9 million for the corresponding period in 2012. The contribution to our gross profit during such periods from our operations in Colombia was 42% and 27%, respectively.

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Exploration costs

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | (9,684 | ) |  | (14,448 | ) |  | (4,764 | ) |  | (33 | )
Colombia |  |  | (3,853 | ) |  | (4,889 | ) |  | (1,036 | ) |  | (21 | )
Other |  |  | (2,475 | ) |  | (2,405 | ) |  | 70 |  |  | 3 |
Total |  |  | (16,012 | ) |  | (21,742 | ) |  | (5,730 | ) |  | (26 | )

Exploration costs decreased 26%, from US$21.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$16.0 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, primarily as the result of the decrease in recognition of write-offs of unsuccessful efforts in an amount of US$11.9 million (in Chile, one well in the Fell Block for US$3.6 million, one well in the Tranquilo Block for US$1.1 million, seismic surveys and other costs in the Otway Block for US$4.0 million and three wells in Colombia for US$3.2 million), as compared to US$20.3 million (two wells in the Fell Block for US$7.3 million, one well in the Tranquilo Block for US$6.3 million, seismic surveys in the Del Mosquito Block for US$1.9 million and costs associated with three wells in Colombia for US$4.7 million) in such write-offs in the same period in 2012.

Administrative costs

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | (12,157 | ) |  | (6,332 | ) |  | 5,825 |  |  | 92 |
Colombia |  |  | (9,919 | ) |  | (4,311 | ) |  | 5,608 |  |  | 130 |
Other |  |  | (9,974 | ) |  | (10,267 | ) |  | (293 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total |  |  | (32,050 | ) |  | (20,910 | ) |  | 11,140 |  |  | 53 |

Administrative costs increased 53%, from US$20.9 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$32.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, primarily as a result of an increase in costs in: (1) our Chilean operations, from US$6.3 million in the first nine months of 2012 to US$12.2 million in the first nine months of 2013, mainly due to the startup of our operations in Tierra del Fuego; and (2) the incorporation of our Colombian operations into our results.

Selling expenses

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | (3,194 | ) |  | (3,916 | ) |  | (722 | ) |  | (18 | )
Colombia |  |  | (8,935 | ) |  | (11,511 | ) |  | (2,576 | ) |  | (22 | )
Other |  |  | (397 | ) |  | (223 | ) |  | 174 |  |  | 78 |
Total |  |  | (12,526 | ) |  | (15,650 | ) |  | (3,124 | ) |  | (20 | )

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Selling expenses decreased 20%, from US$15.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$12.5 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, primarily due to the change in the delivery point for certain of our production in our Colombian operations. In our Chilean operations, selling expenses were 18% lower compared to the same period of the prior year, primarily as a result of the impact of the DOP penalty we paid to Methanex in 2012, partially offset by the increase in oil deliveries in Chile.

Operating profit

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | 47,971 |  |  | 41,767 |  |  | 6,204 |  |  | 15 |
Colombia |  |  | 29,390 |  |  | 5,230 |  |  | 24,160 |  |  | 462 |
Other |  |  | (12,698 | ) |  | (11,135 | ) |  | (1,563 | ) |  | (14 | )
Total |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 35,862 |  |  | 28,801 |  |  | 80 |

We recorded an operating profit of US$64.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, an 80% increase from US$35.9 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012, primarily due to the incorporation of a full nine months of our Colombian operations into our results, as well to an increase in production and deliveries in Colombia. In addition, during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, in Chile, we recognized a gain amounting to US$3.2 million in other operating income related to the reversal of certain provisions previously recorded that, based on the view of our management and legal advisors, were extinguished as the statute of limitations was reached.

Financial results, net

Financial loss increased 100% to US$27.2 million, due to the accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the redemption of the Notes due 2015 in an amount of US$8.6 million following the issuance of the Notes due 2020 in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, the incorporation of a full nine months of our Colombian operations into our results and higher interest expenses generated by the issuance of the Notes due 2020 in an amount of US$6.3 million.

Profit before income tax

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | 36,696 |  |  | 33,376 |  |  | 3,320 |  |  | 10 |
Colombia |  |  | 24,270 |  |  | 8,994 |  |  | 15,276 |  |  | 170 |
Other(1) |  |  | (23,503 | ) |  | (11,705 | ) |  | (11,798 | ) |  | (101 | )
Total |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 30,665 |  |  | 6,798 |  |  | 22 |

(1)
  Includes Argentine, Brazilian, Corporate Head Office Operations and Financial Results, net.

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we recorded a profit before income tax of US$37.5 million, an increase of 22% from US$30.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30,

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2012, primarily due to the incorporation of the full nine months of our Colombian operations into our results and to increases in production and deliveries in Colombia, and, to a lesser extent, higher profits from our Chilean operations, partially offset by the occurrence of two non-recurring events: (1) accelerated amortization of debt issuance costs described above; and (2) the comparative effect of a bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries of US$8.4 million as a result of the acquisitions of Winchester and Luna recorded in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012.

Income tax

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | (5,262 | ) |  | (6,968 | ) |  | 1,706 |  |  | 24 |
Colombia |  |  | (9,312 | ) |  | 702 |  |  | (10,014 | ) |  | (1,426 | )
Other |  |  | 2,314 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,314 |  |  | 100 |
Total |  |  | (12,260 | ) |  | (6,266 | ) |  | (5,994 | ) |  | (96 | )

Income tax increased 96%, from US$6.3 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012 to US$12.3 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, as a result of our increased results of operations in Chile and Colombia. Our effective tax rate for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 was 33% as compared to 20% in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012. The effective tax rate was principally influenced by the increase in profit from our Colombian operations, which are subject to a higher tax rate than our other operations, and the non-recurring tax exempted bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries in 2012.

Profit for the period

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |  | Change from prior period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  |  |  | % |
|  | (unaudited) |
Chile |  |  | 31,434 |  |  | 26,408 |  |  | 5,026 |  |  | 19 |
Colombia |  |  | 14,958 |  |  | 9,696 |  |  | 5,262 |  |  | 54 |
Other |  |  | (21,189 | ) |  | (11,705 | ) |  | (9,484 | ) |  | (81 | )
Total |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 3 |

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we recorded a profit of US$25.2 million, a 3% increase from US$24.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012, as a result of the factors described above.

Profit for the period attributable to owners of the Company

Profit for the period attributable to owners of the Company decreased by 12% to US$15.8 million, for the reasons described above. Profit attributable to non-controlling interest increased by 44% to US$9.4 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the prior period due to the incorporation of a full nine months of our Colombian operations and an increase in non-controlling interest resulting from LGI's acquisition of a 20% equity interest in our Colombian operations.

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Year ended December 31, 2012 compared to year ended December 31, 2011

The following table summarizes certain of our financial and operating data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

|  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | % Change from prior year |
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net oil sales |  |  | 221,564 |  |  | 73,508 |  |  | 201% |
Net gas sales |  |  | 28,914 |  |  | 38,072 |  |  | (24)% |
Net revenue |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |  |  | 124% |
Production costs |  |  | (129,235 | ) |  | (54,513 | ) |  | 137% |
Gross profit |  |  | 121,243 |  |  | 57,067 |  |  | 112% |
Gross margin (%)(1) |  |  | 48% |  |  | 51% |  |  | (3)% |
Exploration costs |  |  | (27,890 | ) |  | (10,066 | ) |  | 177% |
Administrative costs |  |  | (28,798 | ) |  | (18,169 | ) |  | 59% |
Selling expenses |  |  | (24,631 | ) |  | (2,546 | ) |  | 867% |
Other operating income/(expense) |  |  | 823 |  |  | (502 | ) |  | 164% |
Operating profit |  |  | 40,747 |  |  | 25,784 |  |  | 58% |
Financial income |  |  | 892 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 451% |
Financial expenses |  |  | (17,200 | ) |  | (13,678 | ) |  | 26% |
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Profit before income tax |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 12,268 |  |  | 168% |
Income tax |  |  | (14,394 | ) |  | (7,206 | ) |  | 100% |
Profit for the year |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |  |  | 264% |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | 5,008 |  |  | 31% |
Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 21,898% |
Net production volumes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil (mbbl) |  |  | 2,513 |  |  | 916 |  |  | 174% |
Gas (mcf) |  |  | 8,346 |  |  | 11,135 |  |  | (25)% |
Total net production (mboe) |  |  | 3,904 |  |  | 2,771 |  |  | 41% |
Average net production (boepd) |  |  | 11,292 |  |  | 7,593 |  |  | 49% |
Average realized sales price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil (US$ per bbl) |  |  | 90.5 |  |  | 83.8 |  |  | 8% |
Gas (US$ per mmcf) |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 2% |
Average realized sales price per boe (US$) |  |  | 69.1 |  |  | 44.6 |  |  | 55% |
Average unit costs per boe (US$) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cost |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 95% |
Royalties and other |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 71% |
Production costs(2) |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | 91% |
Depreciation |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 44% |
Total production cost |  |  | 33.1 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 68% |
Exploration costs |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 97% |
Administrative costs |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 12% |
Selling expenses |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 600% |

(1) Gross margin is defined as total revenue minus production costs, divided by total revenue.

(2) Calculated pursuant to FASB ASC 932.

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The following table summarizes certain financial and operating data.

|  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
(in thousands of US$) |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Other |  | Total |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Other |  | Total |
Net revenue |  |  | 149,927 |  |  | 99,501 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 110,103 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | 111,580 |
Gross profit/(loss) |  |  | 84,133 |  |  | 39,304 |  |  | (2,194 | ) |  | 121,243 |  |  | 56,888 |  |  | — |  |  | 179 |  |  | 57,067 |
Depreciation |  |  | (28,734 | ) |  | (21,050 | ) |  | (3,533 | ) |  | (53,317 | ) |  | (25,297 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,111 | ) |  | (26,408 | )
Impairment and write-off |  |  | (18,490 | ) |  | (5,147 | ) |  | (1,915 | ) |  | (25,552 | ) |  | (5,919 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,344 | ) |  | (7,263 | )

Net revenue

For the year ended December 31, 2012, crude oil sales were our principal source of revenue, with 88% and 12% of our total revenue from crude oil and gas sales, respectively. The following chart shows the increase in oil and natural gas sales from the year ended December 31, 2011 to the year ended December 31, 2012.

|  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Consolidated (in thousands of US$) |
| 2012 |  | 2011 |
Sale of crude oil |  |  | 221,564 |  |  | 73,508 |
Sale of gas |  |  | 28,914 |  |  | 38,072 |
Total |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
By country (in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |
| 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | 149,927 |  |  | 110,103 |  |  | 39,824 |  |  | 36% |
Colombia |  |  | 99,501 |  |  | — |  |  | 99,501 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | (427 | ) |  | (29)% |
Total |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |  |  | 138,898 |  |  | 124% |

Net revenue increased 124%, from US$111.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to US$250.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Luna and Winchester in February 2012 and Cuerva in March 2012 in Colombia, which increased our volumes of crude sales by 41.5%, and increases in sales of crude oil in Chile. Sales of crude oil increased to 2,448 mbbl in the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 864 mbbl in the year ended December 31, 2011, and resulted in net revenue of US$221.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to US$73.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, partially offset by decreases in sales of gas from US$38.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to US$28.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The increase in 2012 net revenue is explained by:

•
  an increase of US$142.2 million in oil deliveries (including US$99.5 million in oil deliveries from Colombia);

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•
  an increase of US$6.0 million from the realized price for oil sold; and
•
  an increase of US$1.1 million from the realized price of gas sold,

partially offset by a decrease of US$10.2 million in gas deliveries.

Net revenue attributable to our operations in Chile for the year ended December 31, 2012 was US$149.9 million, a 36% increase from US$110.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, principally due to (1) increased sales of crude oil of 1,415 mbbl for the year ended December 31, 2012 compared to 864 mbbl for the year ended December 31, 2011 (an increase of 63.8%) following the discovery of the Konawentru x1 well, which was put into production in June 2012, and also other discoveries made in the Tobifera formation, and (2) an increased average realized prices per barrel of crude oil from US$83.8 per barrel for the year December 31, 2011 to US$85.4 per barrel for the year ended December 31, 2012 (an increase of US$1.6 per barrel or a total of 1.9%). The increase in the average realized price per barrel was partly attributable to US$1.0 per barrel less in quality discounts in the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the same period in 2011. The increased sales of crude oil were partially offset by a US$9.2 million reduction in gas sales. The contribution to our net revenue during such years from our operations in Chile was 99% and 60%, respectively.

Net revenue attributable to our operations in Colombia for the year ended December 31, 2012 was US$99.5 million. Our Colombian operations contributed 39.7% to our net revenue, resulting from sales of crude oil.

Production costs

The following table summarizes our production costs for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.

|  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Consolidated (in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | % Change from prior year |
Depreciation |  |  | (52,307 | ) |  | (25,844 | ) |  | 102% |
Royalties |  |  | (11,424 | ) |  | (4,843 | ) |  | 136% |
Staff costs |  |  | (14,171 | ) |  | (6,015 | ) |  | 136% |
Transportation costs |  |  | (7,211 | ) |  | (2,541 | ) |  | 184% |
Well and facilities maintenance |  |  | (9,385 | ) |  | (5,080 | ) |  | 85% |
Consumables |  |  | (9,884 | ) |  | (1,687 | ) |  | 486% |
Equipment rental |  |  | (5,936 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Other costs |  |  | (18,917 | ) |  | (8,503 | ) |  | 122% |
Total |  |  | (129,235 | ) |  | (54,513 | ) |  | 137% |

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|  | Year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
By country (in thousands of US$) |
| Chile |  | Colombia |  | Chile |  | Colombia |
Depreciation |  |  | (28,120 | ) |  | (20,964 | ) |  | (24,958 | ) |  | — |
Royalties |  |  | (7,088 | ) |  | (4,164 | ) |  | (4,634 | ) |  | — |
Staff costs |  |  | (8,560 | ) |  | (7,432 | ) |  | (6,802 | ) |  | — |
Transportation costs |  |  | (5,986 | ) |  | (1,045 | ) |  | (2,427 | ) |  | — |
Well and facilities maintenance |  |  | (6,290 | ) |  | (2,850 | ) |  | (4,817 | ) |  | — |
Consumables |  |  | (2,717 | ) |  | (7,090 | ) |  | (1,626 | ) |  | — |
Equipment rental |  |  | — |  |  | (5,936 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Other costs |  |  | (7,033 | ) |  | (10,716 | ) |  | (7,951 | ) |  | — |
Total |  |  | (65,794 | ) |  | (60,197 | ) |  | (53,215 | ) |  | — |

Production costs increased 137%, from US$54.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to US$129.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily due to the addition of US$60.2 million in such costs from our Colombian operations.

In our Chilean operations, production costs increased by 23.6%, due to the change in revenue mix from gas to oil, which has higher production costs than gas, and due to an increase in our oil production. In the year ended December 31, 2012, in Chile, operating expenditures per boe increased to US$10.3 per boe from US$8.3 per boe in 2011. In the year ended December 31, 2012, the revenue mix for Chile was 80.7% oil and 19.3% gas, whereas for the same period in 2011 it was 65.4% oil and 34.6% gas.

In our Colombian operations, 34.8% of our production costs were related to depreciation charges, 6.9% to royalties, 11.7% to consumables and 9.9% to equipment rental for the year ended December 31, 2012. In the year ended December 31, 2012, in Colombia, operating expenditures were US$30.4 per boe.

Gross profit

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | 84,133 |  |  | 56,888 |  |  | 27,245 |  |  | 48% |
Colombia |  |  | 39,304 |  |  | — |  |  | 39,304 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (2,194 | ) |  | 179 |  |  | (2,373 | ) |  | (1,325)% |
Total |  |  | 121,243 |  |  | 57,067 |  |  | 64,176 |  |  | 112% |

Gross profit increased 112%, from US$57.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to US$121.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, as a result of our Colombian acquisitions and increased revenues in our Chilean operations.

As a result, gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2012 was 48%, which represented a decrease of 3% as compared to the gross margin for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Gross profit per boe increased 49%, from US$20.6 for the year ended December 31, 2011 to US$30.7 for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Gross profit attributable to our operations in Chile for the year ended December 31, 2012 was US$84.1 million, a 48% increase from US$56.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The

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contribution to our gross profit during such years from our operations in Chile was 69% and 100%, respectively.

Gross profit attributable to our operations in Colombia for the year ended December 31, 2012 was US$39.3 million. The contribution to our gross profit during such period was 32%.

Exploration costs

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | (20,452 | ) |  | (7,486 | ) |  | (12,966 | ) |  | 173% |
Colombia |  |  | (5,528 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,528 | ) |  | — |
Other |  |  | (1,910 | ) |  | (2,580 | ) |  | 670 |  |  | (26)% |
Total |  |  | (27,890 | ) |  | (10,066 | ) |  | 17,824 |  |  | 177% |

Exploration costs increased 177%, from US$10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to US$27.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, primarily as the result of a 173% increase in exploration costs in Chile, which represented 73% of our exploration costs in 2012. In 2012, we recorded write-offs relating to five of our Chilean wells (two in the Fell Block, two in the Otway Block and one in the Tranquilo Block) and three of our Colombian wells (one in the Cuerva Block, one in the Arrendajo Block and one in the Llanos 17 Block) for a total of US$23.6 million, as compared to write-offs in respect of three of our Chilean wells for a total of US$5.9 million in 2011; and a loss of US$1.9 million generated by our voluntary relinquishment of exploration acreage in the Del Mosquito Block in Argentina in 2012, recorded in our Other operations, compared to a write off in respect of charges from assets relating to the Del Mosquito Block in the amount of US$1.3 million in 2011. See Note 11 to our Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. The incorporation of our Colombian operations into our results resulted in a US$5.5 million (including US$5.1 million in write-offs described above) increase in our exploration costs for 2012.

Administrative costs

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | (10,879 | ) |  | (6,396 | ) |  | 4,483 |  |  | 70% |
Colombia |  |  | (7,393 | ) |  | — |  |  | 7,393 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (10,526 | ) |  | (11,773 | ) |  | 1,247 |  |  | 11% |
Total |  |  | (28,798 | ) |  | (18,169 | ) |  | 10,629 |  |  | 59% |

Administrative costs increased 59%, from US$18.2 million for the year-ended December 31, 2011 to US$28.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, as a result of (1) an increase in costs in our Chilean and other operations due to higher costs relating to analyzing new business developments and expansion, including our Colombian acquisitions and our Brazil Acquisitions, amounting to US$2.9 million during 2012, as compared to US$1.7 million during 2011, (2) consultant fees amounting to US$5.1 million during 2012, as compared to US$1.9 million during 2011, and (3) the incorporation of our Colombian operations into our results.

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Selling expenses

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | (5,327 | ) |  | (2,231 | ) |  | 3,096 |  |  | 139% |
Colombia |  |  | (18,953 | ) |  | — |  |  | (18,953 | ) |  | — |
Other |  |  | (351 | ) |  | (315 | ) |  | (36 | ) |  | 11% |
Total |  |  | (24,631 | ) |  | (2,546 | ) |  | (22,085 | ) |  | 867% |

Selling expenses increased 867%, from US$2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 to US$24.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily due to higher transportation costs in 2012 in connection with our Colombian operations, in an amount of US$18.9 million. In our Chilean operations, selling expenses were US$3.1 million, or 139%, higher compared to the prior year, primarily as a result of (1) a DOP penalty payment in the amount of US$1.7 million to Methanex as a result of our failure to meet our minimum volume delivery requirements under the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement for each of the months of April through September of 2012 and (2) an increase of US$1.4 million that was primarily due to higher oil sales volumes in Chile.

Operating profit (loss)

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | 47,915 |  |  | 39,425 |  |  | 8,490 |  |  | 22% |
Colombia |  |  | 8,499 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,499 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (15,667 | ) |  | (13,641 | ) |  | (2,026 | ) |  | 15% |
Total |  |  | 40,747 |  |  | 25,784 |  |  | 14,963 |  |  | 58% |

Operating profit increased 58.0%, primarily due to the incorporation of our Colombian operations into our results and a 22% increase in our Chilean operations in the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the prior year, which was partially offset by the operating loss in Other.

Financial results, net

Financial loss increased 21% to US$16.3 million, primarily due to the incurrence of a US$37.5 million loan to partly finance our Colombian acquisitions, and an increase in exchange difference of US$0.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to US$2.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2012, mainly due to the strengthening of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar, from Ch$ 519.2 as of December 31, 2011 to Ch$ 478.6 as of December 31, 2012, which negatively affected our liability net position in local currency related to tax payables.

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Profit before income tax

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | 42,272 |  |  | 26,649 |  |  | 15,623 |  |  | 59% |
Colombia |  |  | 11,223 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,223 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (20,655 | ) |  | (14,381 | ) |  | (6,274 | ) |  | 44% |
Total |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 12,268 |  |  | 20,572 |  |  | 168% |

For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a profit before income tax of US$32.8 million, an increase of 168% from US$12.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily due to the incorporation of our Colombian operations into our results and a bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries of US$8.4 million as a result of the acquisitions of Winchester and Luna in the year ended December 31, 2012.

Income tax

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | (11,349 | ) |  | (7,194 | ) |  | (4,155 | ) |  | 58% |
Colombia |  |  | (4,976 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,976 | ) |  | — |
Other |  |  | 1,931 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 1,943 |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | (14,394 | ) |  | (7,206 | ) |  | (7,188 | ) |  | 100% |

Income tax increased 100%, from US$7.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 to US$14.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2012, as a result of the incorporation of our Colombian operations into our results and a 58% increase in income tax in our Chilean operations, consistent with the improved profitability of our Chilean operations, offset by the recognition of a deferred tax asset of US$1.9 million resulting from expenses generated at our Chilean holding company. Our effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was 59% and 44%, respectively, due in part to a non-recurring tax exempted bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries.

Profit for the year

|  | Year ended December 31, |  | Change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$, except for percentages) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  |  |  | % |
Chile |  |  | 30,923 |  |  | 19,455 |  |  | 11,468 |  |  | 59% |
Colombia |  |  | 6,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,247 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | (18,724 | ) |  | (14,393 | ) |  | (4,331 | ) |  | 30% |
Total |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |  |  | 13,384 |  |  | 264% |

For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a profit of US$18.4 million, a 264% increase from US$5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, as a result of the reasons described above.

Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company

Profit for the year attributable to owners of the Company increased for the reasons described above. Profit attributable to non-controlling interest increased by 31% to US$6.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to the prior year due to increased profit in our Chilean operations.

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Liquidity and capital resources

Overview

Our financial condition and liquidity is and will continue to be influenced by a variety of factors, including:

•
  our ability to generate cash flows from our operations;
•
  our capital expenditure requirements;
•
  the level of our outstanding indebtedness and the interest we are obligated to pay on this indebtedness; and
•
  changes in exchange rates which will impact our generation of cash flows from operations when measured in U.S. dollars, and, upon the completion of our Brazil Acquisitions, the real.

Our principal sources of liquidity have historically been contributed shareholder equity, debt financings and cash generated by our operations in the Fell Block, and, since our acquisitions of Winchester and Luna in the first quarter of 2012, cash generated by our operations in our blocks in Colombia.

We have a proven ability to raise capital. Since 2005, we have raised more than US$109.5 million in equity offerings at the holding company level and more than US$557 million through debt arrangements with multilateral agencies such as the IFC, gas prepayment facilities with Methanex, international bond issuances and bank financings, described further below, which have been used to fund our capital expenditures program and acquisitions and to increase our liquidity.

We have also raised US$173.3 million to date through our strategic partnership with LGI following the sale of minority interests in our Colombian and Chilean operations. We plan to borrow approximately US$70.5 million pursuant to a five-year term variable interest secured loan equal to six-month LIBOR + 3.9% to finance our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, and to fund the remaining purchase price with cash on hand. We initially funded our 2012 expansion into Colombia through a US$37.5 million loan, cash on hand and a subsequent sale of a minority interest in our Colombian operations to LGI. We subsequently restructured our outstanding debt in February 2013, by issuing US$300.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes due 2020, a portion of the proceeds of which we used to prepay the US$37.5 million loan and to redeem all of our outstanding Notes due 2015.

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents on hand, and cash from operations will be adequate to meet our capital expenditure requirements, and liquidity needs for the foreseeable future.

Capital expenditures

We have funded our capital expenditures with proceeds from equity offerings, credit facilities, debt issuances and pre-sale agreements, as well as through cash generated from our operations. We expect to incur substantial expenses and capital expenditures as we develop our oil and natural gas prospects and acquire additional assets.

In the year ended December 31, 2012, we made total capital expenditures of US$303.5 million, which consisted of investments of US$105.3 million relating to our acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in Colombia and other investments of US$198.2 million, including the drilling of 45 new wells and seismic surveys registered, principally in our Tierra del Fuego Blocks. In the year ended December 31, 2011, our total capital expenditures amounted to US$98.7 million, all of which was used in exploration, development and production activities, including US$57.9 million for the drilling of development wells and facilities and US$39.5 million for the drilling of exploratory wells and seismic studies.

In the first nine months of 2013, we made total capital expenditures of US$191.5 million (US$115.4 million, US$71.5 million and US$4.6 million in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, respectively), consisting of

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US$111.3 million related to exploration. 32 new wells were drilled (14 in Chile and 18 in Colombia) in blocks in which we have working interests and/or economic interests. We expect our total capital expenditures for 2013 to have been between US$200 million to US$230 million in Chile, Colombia and Brazil, consisting of:

•
  US$130-140 million for exploration in Chile, consisting of 13 new wells and approximately 20 workovers in the Fell Block, and six new wells, approximately 5 workovers and 1,300 sq km of seismic surveys in the Tierra del Fuego Blocks;
•
  US$40-50 million for the drilling of eight exploratory wells and 249 sq km of seismic surveys in the Llanos 34 and US$30-40 million, relating to additional eight exploratory wells in our other operating blocks and two workovers, three new wells and one workover in blocks we do not operate in Colombia; and
•
  R$10.2 million (approximately US$4.6 million, at the September 30, 2013 exchange rate of R$2.23 to US$1.00) in license fee payments to the ANP for our Round 11 concessions.

In 2014, we expect our total capital expenditures, excluding the purchase price for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, to be between US$220 million to US$250 million. These capital expenditures will include the drilling of a total of 50 to 60 new wells (approximately 40% of which we expect will be exploratory wells), as well as workovers, seismic surveys and new facility construction. We expect that approximately 62% of our total capital expenditures for 2014 will be incurred in Chile, which will include the drilling of approximately 32 to 37 wells, as well as workovers, seismic surveys and new facility construction, including oil pipelines. We expect that approximately 32% of our total capital expenditures for 2014 will be incurred in Colombia, which will include the drilling of approximately 18 to 23 wells, as well as workovers and new facility construction, mainly related to civil works, production facilities in the Tua and Tigana fields and improvements to the Taro Taro and Max fields facilities. Finally, we expect that approximately 5% of our total capital expenditures for 2014 will be incurred in Brazil, which will consist of between US$5 million to US$7.5 million to finance in part the construction of a gas compression plant in the Manati Field following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and approximately US$0.45 million in license fee payments to the ANP relating to our Round 12 concessions, with the remainder for seismic surveys in exploration blocks in the Potiguar and Recôncavo Basins. In addition, in Brazil, we expect to spend US$140 million, subject to certain adjustments, to acquire Rio das Contas, which we intend to finance through the incurrence of a loan of approximately US$70.5 million and cash on hand.

In budgeting for our future activities, we have relied on a number of assumptions, including, with regard to our discovery success rate, the number of wells we plan to drill, our working interests in our prospects, the costs involved in developing or participating in the development of a prospect, the timing of third party projects and our ability to obtain needed financing in respect of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, as well as any further acquisitions and the availability of both suitable equipment and qualified personnel. These assumptions are inherently subject to significant business, political, economic, regulatory, environmental and competitive uncertainties, conditions in the financial markets, contingencies and risks, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. In addition, we opportunistically seek out new assets and acquisition targets to complement our existing operations, and have financed such acquisitions in the past through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, including additional bank credit facilities, equity issuances or the sale of minority stakes in certain operations to our partners. We may need to raise additional funds more quickly if one or more of our assumptions prove to be incorrect or if we choose to expand our hydrocarbon asset acquisition, exploration, appraisal or development efforts more rapidly than we presently anticipate, and we may decide to raise additional funds even before we need them if the conditions for raising capital are favorable. The ultimate amount of capital that we will expend may fluctuate materially based on market conditions, our continued production, decisions by the operators in blocks where we are not the operator, the success of our drilling results and

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future acquisitions. Our future financial condition and liquidity will be impacted by, among other factors, our level of production of oil and natural gas and the prices we receive from the sale thereof, the success of our exploration and appraisal drilling program, the number of commercially viable oil and natural gas discoveries made and the quantities of oil and natural gas discovered, the speed with which we can bring such discoveries to production and the actual cost of exploration, appraisal and development of our oil and natural gas assets.

Cash flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated:

|  | Nine-month period ended September 30, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | % Change from prior period |
Cash flows provided by (used in) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  | 98,328 |  |  | 106,740 |  |  | (8)% |
Investing activities |  |  | (176,664 | ) |  | (252,503 | ) |  | (30)% |
Financing activities |  |  | 144,831 |  |  | 27,053 |  |  | 435 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 66,495 |  |  | (118,710 | ) |  | 156% |

|  | Year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of US$) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | % Change from prior year |
Cash flows provided by (used in) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  |  | 131,802 |  |  | 68,763 |  |  | 92% |
Investing activities |  |  | (303,507 | ) |  | (101,276 | ) |  | 200% |
Financing activities |  |  | 26,375 |  |  | 131,739 |  |  | (80)% |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (145,330 | ) |  | 99,226 |  |  | (246)% |

Cash flows provided by operating activities

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, cash provided by operating activities was US$98.3 million, an 8% decrease from US$106.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was principally due to the payment of income tax in an amount of US$4.0 million during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 and the early payment of operating expenses in the fourth quarter of 2012, which would have otherwise been paid in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. The prepayment was due to the integration of our Colombian acquisitions into our operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2012, cash provided by operating activities was US$131.8 million, a 92% increase from US$68.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was principally due to increased cash generated in our operations and the incorporation of US$20.8 million in operating cash flows from our Colombian operations into our results.

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Cash flows used in investing activities

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, cash used in investing activities was US$176.7 million, a 30% decrease from US$252.5 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012. This decrease was primarily related to our Colombian acquisitions, which occurred in the first quarter of 2012. This amount was only partially offset by an increase of US$40.0 million in capital expenditures relating to the drilling of 32 new wells (14 in Chile and 18 in Colombia) and seismic surveys and facilities construction, as compared to the drilling of 35 wells (15 in Chile and 20 in Colombia) for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012.

Cash used in investing activities increased by US$204.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2012, from US$101.3 million in 2011 to US$303.5 million in 2012. This increase includes US$105.3 million related to the purchase of our Colombian operations (net of cash acquired); the remaining increase is primarily explained by increased drilling activities in 2012 (20 wells in Chile and 24 in Colombia) as compared to 23 new wells in 2011.

Cash flows provided by financing activities

Cash provided by financing activities was US$144.8 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, compared to cash provided by financing activities of US$27.1 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2012. This change was principally the result of cash received in the 2013 period from the issuance of US$300.0 million of our Notes due 2020 and an increase of US$8.3 million in cash from LGI pertaining principally to its investment in our Colombian operations. These were partially offset by the early redemption of our Notes due 2015 and the repayment of the Banco Itaú BBA Credit Agreement, in an aggregate amount of US$175.0 million.

Cash provided by financing activities was US$26.4 million and US$131.7 million during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. This decrease was principally the result of a US$129.5 million reduction in proceeds from transactions relating to non-controlling interest, resulting from LGI's acquisition of a 20% interest for US$148 million, of which US$142 million was collected in 2012, in our Chilean operations in the year ended December 31, 2011. In the year ended December 31, 2012, LGI contributed US$12.5 million in cash provided by financing activities pursuant to its direct investment in our Chilean operations. The US$129.5 million decrease was only partly offset by cash provided through the incurrence of a US$37.5 million loan to partly finance our Colombian acquisitions.

Indebtedness

As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had total outstanding indebtedness of US$296.2 million and US$193.0 million, respectively, as set forth in the table below.

(in thousands of US$) |  | As of September 30, 2013 (unaudited) |  | As of December 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Methanex Gas Prepayment Agreement |  |  | — |  |  | 8,036 |
BCI Loans(1) |  |  | 2,178 |  |  | 7,859 |
Notes due 2015(2) |  |  | — |  |  | 129,452 |
Notes due 2020 |  |  | 294,037 |  |  | — |
Banco Itaú BBA Credit Agreement |  |  | — |  |  | 37,685 |
Overdrafts |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10,000 |
Total(3) |  |  | 296,225 |  |  | 193,032 |

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(1) Includes BCI Mortgages and BCI Letters of Credit (each as defined herein).

(2) On December 2, 2010, we issued US$133.0 million aggregate principal amount of Notes due 2015. The notes were fully redeemed with the proceeds from the issuance of our Notes due 2020.

(3) Does not include US$8.5 million outstanding as of September 30, 2013 under a subordinated line of credit extended by LGI to GeoPark Colombia S.A.S. in December 2012. See Note 13 of our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our material outstanding indebtedness as of September 30, 2013 is described below.

Notes due 2020

General

On February 11, 2013, we issued US$300.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes due 2020. The Notes due 2020 mature on February 11, 2020 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.50% and a yield of 7.625% per annum. Interest on the Notes due 2020 is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 11 and August 11 of each year.

Ranking

The Notes due 2020 constitute senior obligations of Agencia, secured by a first lien on certain collateral (as described below). The Notes due 2020 rank equally in right of payment with all senior existing and future obligations of Agencia (except those obligations preferred by operation of Bermuda and Chilean law, including, without limitation, labor and tax claims); effectively senior to all unsecured debt of Agencia and GeoPark Latin America, to the extent of the value of the collateral; senior in right of payment to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness of Agencia and GeoPark Latin America; and effectively junior to any future secured obligations of Agencia and its subsidiaries (other than additional notes issued pursuant to the indenture governing the Notes due 2020) to the extent secured by assets constituting with a security interest on assets not constituting collateral, in each case to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such obligations.

Guarantees

The Notes due 2020 are guaranteed unconditionally on an unsecured basis by us, all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and any subsidiary that guarantees any of our debt, subject to certain exceptions.

Collateral

The notes are secured by a first-priority perfected security interest in certain collateral, which consists of: 80% of the equity interests of each of GeoPark Chile and GeoPark Colombia held by Agencia, and loans of the net proceeds of the Notes due 2020 made by Agencia to each of GeoPark Fell and GeoPark Llanos SAS. Except for certain immaterial subsidiaries and other exceptions, GeoPark and Agencia are also required to pledge the equity interests of our subsidiaries.

The Notes due 2020 are also secured on a first-priority basis by intercompany loans, disbursed to subsidiaries, in an aggregate amount at any one time that does not exceed US$300.0 million.

Optional redemption

At any time prior to February 11, 2017, we may, at our option, redeem any of the Notes due 2020, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such Notes due 2020 plus an applicable "make-whole" premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest (including, additional amounts), if any, as such term is defined in the indenture governing the Notes due 2020, if any, to the redemption date.

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At any time and from time to time on or after February 11, 2017, we may, at our option, redeem all or part of the Notes due 2020, at the redemption prices, expressed as percentages of principal amount, set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon (including additional amounts), if any, to the applicable redemption date, if redeemed during the 12-month period beginning on February 11 of the years indicated below:

Year |  | Percentage |
--- | --- | --- | ---
2017 |  |  | 103.750% |
2018 |  |  | 101.875% |
2019 and after |  |  | 100.000% |

In addition, at any time prior to February 11, 2016, we may, at our option, redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes due 2020 (including any additional notes) at a redemption price of 107.50% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest (including additional amounts) if any to the redemption date, with the net cash proceeds of one or more equity offerings; provided that: (1) Notes due 2020 in an aggregate principal amount equal to at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes due 2020 issued on the first issue date remain outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption; and (2) the redemption must occur within 90 days of the date of the closing of such equity offering.

Change of control

Upon the occurrence of certain events constituting a change of control, we are required to make an offer to repurchase all outstanding Notes due 2020, at a purchase price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus any accrued and unpaid interest (including any additional amounts payable in respect thereof) thereon to the date of purchase.

Covenants

The Notes due 2020 contain customary covenants, which include, among others, limitations on: the incurrence of debt and disqualified or preferred stock, restricted payments (including restrictions on our ability to pay dividends), incurrence of liens, transfer, prepayment or modification of certain collateral, guarantees of additional indebtedness, the ability of certain subsidiaries to pay dividends, asset sales, transactions with affiliates, engaging in certain businesses, and merger or consolidation with or into another company. In the event the Notes due 2020 receive investment-grade ratings from at least two of the following rating agencies, Standard & Poor's Rating Group, Fitch Inc. and Moody's Investors Service, Inc., and no default has occurred or is continuing under the indenture governing the Notes due 2020, certain of these restrictions, including, among others, the limitations on incurrence of debt and disqualified or preferred stock, restricted payments (including restrictions on our ability to pay dividends), the ability of certain subsidiaries to pay dividends, asset sales and certain transactions with affiliates will no longer be applicable.

Events of default

Events of default under the indenture governing the Notes due 2020 include: the nonpayment of principal when due; default in the payment of interest, which continues for a period of 30 days; failure to make an offer to purchase and thereafter accept tendered notes following the occurrence of a change of control or as required by certain covenants in the indenture governing the Notes due 2020; default in the performance or breach of the covenants contained in the indenture, the notes, or the security documents in relation thereto that continues for a period of 60 consecutive days after written notice to Agencia; cross

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payment default relating to debt with a principal amount of US$15.0 million or more, and cross-acceleration default following a judgment for US$15.0 million or more; bankruptcy and insolvency events; invalidity or denial or disaffirmation of a guarantee of the notes; and failure to maintain a perfected security interest in any collateral having a fair market value in excess of US$15.0 million, among others. The occurrence of an event of default would permit or require the principal of and accrued interest on the Notes due 2020 to become or to be declared due and payable.

BCI Mortgage Loan

In October 2007, in connection with our acquisition of a facility to establish an operational base in the Fell Block, we executed a mortgage loan granted by the Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, or BCI, a Chilean private bank, which we refer to as the BCI Mortgage Loan. The loan was granted in Chilean pesos and is repayable over a period of eight years. The interest rate under this loan is fixed at 6.6% and as of September 30, 2013, the asset we had pledged for the loan had a book value of US$0.5 million. As of September 30, 2013, the aggregate outstanding amount under the BCI Mortgage Loan was US$0.2 million.

BCI Letter of Credit

During the last quarter of 2011, we obtained five short-term letters of credit from BCI, or, collectively, the BCI Letters of Credit, to commence operations in our Tierra del Fuego blocks. Each of the BCI Letters of Credit contains a pledge by us to BCI of the seismic equipment acquired to start the operations in these new blocks. The BCI Letters of Credit expire on February 14, 2014, and the applicable interest rate ranges from 4.5% to 5.45%. As of September 30, 2013, the aggregate outstanding amount under the BCI Letters of Credit was US$1.9 million.

LGI Line of Credit

In December 2012, in connection with its investment in GeoPark Colombia, LGI granted as a credit line to Winchester (now GeoPark Colombia S.A.S.), or the LGI Line of Credit, of up to US$12.0 million, to be used for the acquisition, development and operation of oil and gas assets in Colombia. In December 2015, the principal amount of any outstanding amounts shall become immediately due and payable. GeoPark Colombia S.A.S. may also, in its sole discretion, choose to make repayments of the principal amounts outstanding on the last business day of March, June, September and December of each year until December 2015. The applicable interest rate is 8.00% per annum and any accrued interest is payable on a quarterly basis. As of September 30, 2013, the aggregate outstanding amount under the LGI Line of Credit was US$8.5 million.

Expected Rio das Contas Credit Facility

In Brazil, we intend to finance in part our pending Rio das Contas acquisition by guaranteeing an approximately US$70.5 million credit facility to be entered into by our Brazilian subsidiary, which we expect will be a holding company for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, with a bank. The facility will mature five years from the date of disbursement and is expected to bear interest at a variable interest rate equal to the six-month LIBOR + 3.9%. However, this spread may change as it will be set at the time we enter to the credit facility. We expect the facility agreement to include customary events of default, and to subject our Brazilian subsidiary to customary covenants, including the requirement that it maintain a ratio of net debt to EBITDA of up to 3.5x the first two years and up to 3.0x thereafter. The credit facility is also expected to limit the borrower's ability to pay dividends if the ratio of net debt to EBITDA is greater than 2.5x. We will have the option to prepay the facility in whole or in part, at any time, subject to a pre-payment fee to be determined under the contract.

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Contractual obligations

In accordance with the terms of our concessions, we are required to make royalty payments (1) in connection with crude oil and gas production in Argentina, to the Provinces of Santa Cruz and Mendoza, equivalent to 12% on estimated value at well head, (2) in connection with crude oil and gas production in Chile, to the Chilean government, equivalent to approximately 5% of crude oil production and 3% of gas production, and (3) in connection with crude oil production in Colombia, to the Colombian government, equivalent to 8%.

The table below sets forth our committed cash payment obligations as of September 30, 2013.

(in thousands of US$) |  | Total |  | Less than one year |  | One to three years |  | Three to five years |  | More than five years |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Debt obligations(1) |  |  | 296,225 |  |  | 5,735 |  |  | 131 |  |  | — |  |  | 290,359 |
Operating lease obligations(2) |  |  | 114,211 |  |  | 35,303 |  |  | 77,702 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 781 |
Pending investment commitments(3) |  |  | 66,423 |  |  | 14,323 |  |  | 52,100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Asset retirement obligations |  |  | 19,590 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | 11,283 |  |  | 8,246 |
Total contractual obligations |  |  | 496,449 |  |  | 55,361 |  |  | 129,994 |  |  | 11,708 |  |  | 299,386 |

(1) Includes current borrowings and non-current borrowings.

(2) Reflects the future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements.

(3) Includes capital commitments in Isla Norte, Campanario and Flamenco Blocks in Chile and the Llanos 62 Block in Colombia, which are our only remaining material commitments. See "Business—Our operations—Operations in Colombia."

The table below sets forth our committed cash payment obligations as of December 31, 2012.

(in thousands of US$) |  | Total |  | Less than one year |  | One to three years |  | Three to five years |  | More than five years |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Debt obligations(1) |  |  | 193,032 |  |  | 27,986 |  |  | 159,504 |  |  | 5,542 |  |  | — |
Operating lease obligations(2) |  |  | 31,511 |  |  | 26,464 |  |  | 3,709 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 895 |
Pending investment commitments(3) |  |  | 123,885 |  |  | 71,785 |  |  | 52,100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Asset retirement obligations |  |  | 16,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 869 |  |  | 7,095 |  |  | 8,249 |
Total contractual obligations |  |  | 364,641 |  |  | 126,235 |  |  | 216,182 |  |  | 13,080 |  |  | 9,144 |

(1) Includes current borrowings and non-current borrowings.

(2) Reflects the future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements.

(3) Includes capital commitments in Isla Norte, Campanario and Flamenco Blocks in Chile and the Llanos 32, Llanos 34, Llanos 17, Llanos 62 and Cuerva Blocks in Colombia, which were our only remaining material commitments as of December 31, 2012.

Qualitative and quantitative disclosures about market risk

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including commodity price risk, interest rate risk, currency risk and credit (counterparty and customer) risk. The primary objective of the following information is to provide forward-looking quantitative and qualitative information about our potential exposure to market risks. The term "market risk" refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates, oil and natural gas prices and foreign currency exchange rates. The disclosures are not meant to be precise indicators of expected future losses, but rather indicators of reasonable possible losses. This forward-looking information provides indicators of how we view and manage our ongoing market risk exposures.

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Commodity price risk

With respect to our oil and gas business, any revenues, cash flow, profitability and future rate of growth we achieve will be greatly dependent upon prevailing prices for oil and gas. Our ability to maintain or increase our borrowing capacity and to obtain additional capital on attractive terms is also expected to be dependent on oil and gas prices. Oil and natural gas are commodities, and, therefore, their prices are subject to wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in supply and demand. Historically, oil and gas prices and markets have been volatile and are likely to continue to be volatile in the future.

Prices for oil and gas are subject to potentially wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in supply of, and demand for, oil and gas, market uncertainty, and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control. Lower oil and natural gas prices may not only decrease our revenues on a per unit basis, but may also reduce the amount of oil and natural gas we can produce economically, if any. A substantial or extended decline in oil and natural gas prices may materially affect our future business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and borrowing capacity, and we may require a reduction in the carrying value of our oil and gas properties. While our revenues may increase if prevailing oil and gas prices increase significantly, exploration and production costs and acquisition costs for additional properties and reserves may also increase.

The prices realized for the oil produced by us are linked to Brent in respect of our Colombian operations and WTI in respect of our Chilean operations and are settled in the international markets in U.S. dollars. The market price of these commodities is subject to significant fluctuation. We have historically not hedged our production to protect against fluctuations because doing so has not been economical.

In Chile, the price of the oil that we sell is based on WTI minus certain marketing and quality discounts, such as, among others, API quality and mercury content.

In Colombia, the price of oil we sell is based on Brent, adjusted for certain marketing and quality discounts based on, among other things, API, viscosity, sulphur and water content.

In Argentina, the price of the oil that we sell is heavily influenced by the Argentine government and subject to the impact of the retention tax on oil exports imposed by the Argentine government, which limits the direct correlation to the WTI.

We are party to a long-term gas supply contract with Methanex in Chile. The price of the gas sold under this contract is determined based on a formula that takes into account various international prices of methanol, including US Gulf methanol spot barge prices, methanol spot Rotterdam prices and spot prices in Asia. If the market prices of WTI, methanol and Brent had fallen by 10% as compared to actual prices during the year, with all other variables held constant, after tax profit for the year ended December 31, 2012 would have been lower by US$18.8 million as compared to the same period in 2012). See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—A substantial or extended decline in oil, natural gas and methanol prices may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations."

Gas produced in the Manati Field is sold pursuant to a fixed price formula, indexed to the IGPM. As such, we do not expect to have any material commodity price risk in Brazil following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition.

We may consider adopting a hedging policy against commodity price risk, when deemed appropriate, according to the size of the business and market implied volatility.

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Interest rate risk

As of September 30, 2013, we had long-term debt of US$294.3 million.

As of September 30, 2013, we had no significant interest-bearing assets and our profit and operating cash flows were substantially independent of changes in market interest rates. Similarly, as of September 30, 2013, we had no significant variable interest-bearing borrowings. As such, we have not entered into any instruments to hedge this risk.

However, we expect to partly finance our pending Rio das Contas acquisition with an approximately US$70.5 million long-term loan with a variable interest rate based on the six-month LIBOR + 3.9%.

On a pro forma basis, adjusting for the financing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition as if such acquisition had occurred on September 30, 2013, our outstanding long-term borrowing affected by variable rates would have amounted to US$70.7 million as of September 30, 2013, representing 19.3% of our total long-term debt.

Various scenarios are simulated taking into consideration refinancing, renewal of existing positions, alternative financing and hedging. Based on these scenarios, we calculate the impact on profit and loss of a defined interest rate shift. For each simulation, the same interest rate shift is used for all currencies. The scenarios are run only for liabilities that represent the major interest-bearing positions. On a pro forma basis, adjusting for the financing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition as if such acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012, the interest expense resulting from borrowings affected by variable rates would have been US$20.0 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. If the LIBOR rate had been 0.125% higher, with all other variables held constant, we would have had an additional US$0.3 million in interest expense for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

Foreign currency exchange rate risk

In Chile, Colombia and Argentina, our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The fluctuation of the Argentine peso, the Chilean peso and the Colombian peso does not impact our debt, costs and revenues held in U.S. dollars, but it does impact balances denominated in local currency such as prepaid taxes. As currency rates change between the U.S. dollar and the Argentine peso, the Chilean peso or the Colombian peso, we recognize gains and losses in the consolidated financial statements. In these countries, however, most balances are denominated in U.S. dollars, and since it is the functional currency of our subsidiaries in such countries, there is no exposure to currency fluctuation other than from receivables originated in local currency. In Argentina, the VAT position as of December 31, 2012 was a credit of US$3.6 million as compared with a credit of US$3.6 million for the same period in the prior year. In Chile, the VAT position for the year ended December 31, 2012 was a credit of US$0.2 million as compared with a credit of US$1.0 million for the prior year. In Colombia, the VAT position for the year ended December 31, 2012 was a debit of US$2.4 million.

Tax receivables (VAT) are very difficult to match with local currency liabilities. Therefore, we maintain a net exposure to them. Most of our assets are associated with oil and gas productive assets. Such assets in the oil and gas industry are usually settled in U.S. dollar equivalents. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Argentine peso weakened 16% against the U.S. dollar, the Chilean peso strengthened 8% against the U.S. dollar and the Colombian peso strengthened 9% against the U.S. dollar. If the Argentine peso, the Chilean peso and the Colombian peso had each weakened an additional 5% against the U.S. dollar, with all other variables held constant, after-tax profit for the year ended December 31, 2012 would have been lower by US$0.45 million.

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Credit (counterparty and customer) risk

Our credit risk relates mainly to accounts receivable where the credit risks correspond to the recognized values. There is not considered to be any significant risk in respect of our major customers. We sell substantially all of our oil production in Argentina to Oil Combustibles S.A., or Oil Combustibles. In Chile, we sell all of our gas production to Methanex, which accounted for 12% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012. All the oil we produce in Chile is sold to ENAP, accounting for 48% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 44.7% for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. In Colombia, for the year ended December 31, 2012, we sold 78% of the oil we produced to Hocol, accounting for 31% of our total revenue for the same periods. We have diversified our customer base and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we made 52.2% of our oil sales to Gunvor, 25.5% to Hocol and 10.5% to Trenaco, with Gunvor accounting for 27.1%, Hocol 13.2% and Trenaco 5.5% of our overall revenues for the same period.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2012 or as of September 30, 2013.

Critical accounting policies and estimates

We prepare our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS and the interpretations of the IFRS Interpretations Committee, or the IFRIC, as adopted by the IASB. The preparation of the financial statements requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

An accounting policy is considered critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time such estimate is made, and if different accounting estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements. We believe that the following accounting policies represent critical accounting policies as they involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity in their application and require us to make significant accounting estimates. The following descriptions of critical accounting policies and estimates should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes and other disclosures included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair market value of the assets acquired, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed on the date of completion of the acquisition. Acquisition costs incurred are expensed and included in administrative expenses. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair market values at the acquisition date. The excess of the cost of acquisitions over fair market value of a company's share of the identifiable net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of the acquisition is less than a company's share of the net assets required, the difference is recognized directly in the statement of income.

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The determination of fair value of identifiable acquired assets and assumed liabilities means that we are to make estimates and use valuation techniques, including independent appraisers. The valuation assumptions underlying each of these valuation methods are based on available updated information, including discount rates, estimated cash flows, market risk rates and other data. As a result, the process of identification and the related determination of fair values require complex judgments and significant estimates.

Cash flow estimates for impairment assessments

Cash flow estimates for impairment assessments require assumptions about two primary elements: future prices and reserves. Estimates of future prices require significant judgments about highly uncertain future events. Historically, oil and natural gas prices have exhibited significant volatility. Our forecasts for oil and natural gas revenues are based on prices derived from future price forecasts among industry analysts, as well as our own assessments. Estimates of future cash flows are generally based on assumptions of long-term prices and operating and development costs.

The process of estimating reserves requires significant judgments and decisions based on available geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data. The estimation of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net cash flows was performed based on the D&M Reserves Reports. Such estimates incorporate many factors and assumptions including:

•
  expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering assessments;
•
  future production rates based on historical performance and expected future operating and investment activities;
•
  future oil and natural gas prices and quality differentials;
•
  anticipated effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and
•
  future development and operating costs.

Our management believes these factors and assumptions are reasonable based on the information available at the time we prepare our estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially as additional data from ongoing development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic conditions impacting oil and natural gas prices and costs change.

Oil and gas accounting

Oil and gas exploration and production activities are accounted for in accordance with the successful efforts method on a field by field basis. We account for exploration and evaluation activities in accordance with IFRS 6, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, capitalizing exploration and evaluation costs until such time as the economic viability of producing the underlying resources is determined. Costs incurred prior to obtaining legal rights to explore are expensed immediately to the income statement.

Exploration and evaluation costs may include: license acquisition, geological and geophysical studies (i.e., seismic), direct labor costs and drilling costs of exploratory wells. No depreciation and/or amortization are charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. Upon completion of the evaluation phase, the prospects are either transferred to oil and gas properties or charged to expense (exploration costs) in the period in which the determination is made, depending whether they have found reserves. If not developed, exploration and evaluation assets are written off after three years, unless it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment is recoverable. All field development costs are considered construction in progress until they are finished and capitalized within oil and gas properties, and are

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subject to depreciation once complete. Such costs may include the acquisition and installation of production facilities, development drilling costs (including dry holes, service wells and seismic surveys for development purposes), project-related engineering and the acquisition costs of rights and concessions related to proved properties.

Workovers of wells made to develop reserves and/or increase production are capitalized as development costs. Maintenance costs are charged to income when incurred.

Capitalized costs of proved oil and gas properties and production facilities and machinery are depreciated on a licensed area by licensed area basis, using the unit of production method, based on commercial proved and probable reserves. The calculation of the "unit of production" depreciation takes into account estimated future finding and development costs, and is based on current year end unescalated price levels. Changes in reserves and cost estimates are recognized prospectively. Reserves are converted to equivalent units on the basis of approximate relative energy content.

Oil and gas reserves for purposes of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and our Interim Consolidated Financial Statements are determined in accordance with PRMS, and were estimated by D&M, independent reserves engineers.

Depreciation of the remaining property, plant and equipment assets (i.e., furniture and vehicles) not directly associated with oil and gas activities has been calculated by means of the straight line method by applying such annual rates as required to write-off their value at the end of their estimated useful lives. The useful lives range between three and 10 years.

Asset retirement obligations

Obligations related to the plugging and abandonment of wells once operations are terminated may result in the recognition of significant liabilities. We record the fair value of the liability for asset retirement obligations in the period in which the wells are drilled. When the liability is initially recognized, the cost is also capitalized by increasing the carrying amount of the related asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value at each reporting date, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the related asset. Estimating the future abandonment costs is difficult and requires management to make assumptions and judgments because most of the obligations will be settled after many years. Technologies and costs are constantly changing, as are political, environmental, health, safety and public relations considerations. Consequently, the timing and future cost of dismantling and abandonment are subject to significant modification. Any change in the variables underlying our assumptions and estimates can have a significant effect on the liability and the related capitalized asset and future charges related to the retirement obligations. The present value of future costs necessary for well plugging and abandonment is calculated for each area on the basis of cash flows discounted at an average interest rate applicable to our company's indebtedness. The liability recognized is based upon estimated future abandonment costs, wells subject to abandonment, time to abandonment, and future inflation rates.

Share-based payments

We provide several equity-settled, share-based compensation plans to certain employees and third party contractors, composed of payments in the form of share awards and stock options plans.

Fair value of the stock option plans for employee or contractor services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognized as an expense. The total amount to be expensed over the vesting period, which is the period over which all specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied, is determined by

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reference to the fair value of the options granted calculated using the Black-Scholes model. Determining the total value of our share-based payments requires the use of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock options, estimated forfeitures and the price volatility of the underlying shares. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based payment represent management's best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management's judgment.

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions in respect of the number of options that are expected to vest. At each balance sheet date, we revise our estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest. We recognize the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the statement of income, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

The fair value of the share awards payments is determined at the grant date by reference of the market value of the shares and recognized as an expense over the vesting period.

When options are exercised, we issue new common shares. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium when the options are exercised.

Taxation

The computation of our income tax expense involves the interpretation of applicable tax laws and regulations in many jurisdictions. The resolution of tax positions taken by us, through negotiations with relevant tax authorities or through litigation, can take several years to complete and in some cases it is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome.

In addition, we have tax-loss carry-forwards in certain taxing jurisdictions that are available to offset against future taxable profit. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the unused tax losses can be utilized. Management judgment is exercised in assessing whether this is the case.

To the extent that actual outcomes differ from management's estimates, taxation charges or credits may arise in future periods.

Recent accounting pronouncements

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after January 1, 2012 that had a material impact on us. The following is a discussion of new standards, amendments and interpretations issued but that are effective on or after the financial year beginning January 1, 2013 and not early adopted.

IFRS 9, Financial instruments, addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and October 2010. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified into two measurement categories: those measured at fair value and those measured at amortized cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity's own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the

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income statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. We have yet to assess IFRS 9's full impact and intend to adopt IFRS 9 no later than the accounting period beginning on or after January 1, 2015.

IFRS 10, Consolidated financial statements, builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the determination of control where this is difficult to assess. We applied IFRS 10 from January 1, 2013, and this standard did not materially affect our financial condition or results of our operations.

IFRS 11, Joint arrangements, establishes principles for financial reporting by entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. IFRS 11 defines joint control and requires an entity that is a party to a joint arrangement to determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations, and to account for those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement. We applied IFRS 11 from January 1, 2013, and this standard did not materially affect our financial condition or results of our operations.

IFRS 12, Disclosures of interests in other entities, includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, vehicles and other off balance sheet vehicles. We applied IFRS 12 from January 1, 2013, and this standard is expected to increase the amount of disclosures required about subsidiaries and joint arrangements in our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013.

IFRS 13, Fair value measurement, aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurements and disclosure requirements for use across IFRSs. The requirements, which are largely aligned between IFRSs and U.S. GAAP, do not extend the use of fair value accounting but provide guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRSs. We applied IFRS 13 from January 1, 2013, and it did not have a significant impact on the balances recorded in the financial statements as of December 31, 2012, but would require the Company to apply different valuation techniques to certain items (e.g. debt acquired as part of a business combination) recognized at fair value as and when they arise in the future.

Amendment to IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements, improves the consistency and clarity of the presentation of items of other comprehensive income (OCI). The main change is a requirement to group items presented in OCI on the basis of whether they are potentially reclassified to profit or loss subsequently. We applied the amendment to IAS 1 from January 1, 2013 and this standard did not materially affect the presentation of our financial statements.

Amendment to IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting, sets out the minimum content of interim financial statements to be consistent with IAS 1 and expands the disclosures on segment information. We applied the amendment to IAS 34 from January 1, 2013 and this standard did not materially affect the presentation of our financial statements.

Amendment to IAS 36, Impairment of assets, requires additional disclosures about impaired assets, such as information about the recoverable amount if it is based on fair value less costs of disposal, and the discount rates used to measure the fair value less costs of disposal if it is based on a present value technique. We will apply the amendment to IAS 36 from January 1, 2014, and we do not expect the standard to materially affect the presentation of our financial statements.

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Amendment to IFRS 7, Financial instruments: Disclosures, includes new disclosures on asset and liability offsetting to facilitate comparison between those entities that prepare IFRS financial statements to those that prepare financial statements in accordance with US GAAP. We applied the amendment to IFRS 7 from January 1, 2013 and this standard did not materially affect the presentation of our financial statements.

IFRIC 21, Levies, sets out the accounting for an obligation to pay a levy that is not income tax. The interpretation addresses what the obligating event is that gives rise to pay a levy and when should a liability be recognized. We will apply IFRIC 21 from January 1, 2014, and we do not expect the standard to materially affect the presentation of our financial statements.

There are no other IFRS or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

JOBS Act

On April 5, 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies.

As defined in the JOBS Act, a public company whose initial public offering of common equity securities occurred after December 8, 2011 and whose annual gross revenues are less than US$1.0 billion will, in general, qualify as an "emerging growth company" until the earliest of:

•
  the last day of its fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering of common equity securities;
•
  the last day of its fiscal year in which it has annual gross revenue of US$1.0 billion or more;
•
  the date on which it has, during the previous three-year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and
•
  the date on which it is deemed to be a "large accelerated filer," which will occur at such time as the company (a) has an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of US$700 million or more as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (b) has been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for a period of at least 12 months, and (c) has filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Securities Act of 1934.

Under this definition, we will be an "emerging growth company" upon completion of this offering and could remain an emerging growth company until as late as December 31, 2019.

The JOBS Act permits an "emerging growth company" such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We are choosing to "opt out" of this provision and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted. This decision to opt out of the extended transition period under the JOBS Act is irrevocable.

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Industry and regulatory framework

Global oil and gas industry

During 2012, the growth rate of energy consumption globally dropped following (1) the global economic slowdown and (2) a more efficient use of energy as a response to the high price environment of recent years.

Global oil consumption in 2012 grew by 895,000 bopd, or 0.9%, compared to 2011, to reach 89,774,000 bopd. On the other hand, global oil production in 2012 increased by 1.9 mmbopd, or 2.2%, to reach 86.2 mmbopd. Global natural gas consumption in 2012 grew by 7.1 bcfpd, or 2.3%, to reach 319.8 bcfpd, while global natural gas production in 2012 grew by 6.2 bcfpd, or 1.9%, to reach 324.6 bcfpd, with the United States recording the largest volumetric increases in natural gas consumption and production. In 2012, the United States posted the largest oil and natural gas production gains worldwide, and saw the largest increase in oil production in its history. Elsewhere, for a second year, disruptions to oil supply in Africa and parts of the Middle East were offset by growth among OPEC producers according to the BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2013, or the BP Statistical Review.

World proved oil reserves at the end of 2012 reached 1,668.9 billion barrels (up 0.9% in relation to 2011), enough to meet 52.9 years of 2012's global production, according to the BP Statistical Review. In 2012, South and Central America contributed 19.7% of global proved oil reserves, with Venezuelan reserves as reported by BP Statistical Review being the main source of production (totaling 297.6 bbopd). Global oil production averaged 86.2 mmbopd (an increase of 2.2% over 2011). Throughout the last twenty years, the overall contribution of South and Central America to global proved oil reserves has increased dramatically as a result of the emergence of markets like Brazil and Ecuador coupled with the dramatic increase of reserves in Venezuela (by 370% during the same period).

Distribution of proved oil reserves in 1992, 2002 and 2012

Percentage

Source: BP Statistical Review

According to the BP Statistical Review, global proved natural gas reserves at the end of 2012 remained stable at 187.3 trillion cubic meters, enough to meet 55.7 years of 2012's global production. South and Central America currently hold 4.1% of global proved natural gas reserves. During 2012, global natural gas production averaged 3363.9 billion cubic meters, an increase of 1.9% over 2011.

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Distribution of proved natural gas reserves in 1992, 2002 and 2012

Percentage

Source: BP Statistical Review

The industry's outlook is gradually shifting, driven mainly by supply patterns. According to BP's Energy Outlook 2030, global energy demand is expected to grow by 36% between 2011 and 2030 as a result of increasing consumption by emerging economies (with China and India becoming increasingly more import-dependent). On the supply side, unconventional oil and gas resources are expected to play a major role in balancing global demand, with the United States leading this process. BP projects that between 2011 and 2030, the United States will become self-sufficient in energy, while key emerging markets, namely China and India, will become increasingly import-dependent.

Chile

Chile is recognized as the most developed and stable economy in South America. The country's economy has grown consistently during the last two decades, a trend which is expected to continue in the near future. With over 50 free trade agreements, Chile is an open-market economy, and in 2010, became the first South American country to join the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, or the OECD. The country's fiscal policy follows a countercyclical spending rule and the Chilean Central Bank aims to ensure price stability by targeting yearly inflation of around 3%. Chile has been successful in attracting foreign direct investment, and in 2011, achieved the second-highest foreign investment inflows in South America. Chile holds investment-grade sovereign debt ratings from all major ratings agencies, S&P, Fitch and Moody's (AA-, A+, and Aa3, respectively).

Oil and gas industry

Demand and consumption

According to ENAP, national consumption of refined oil products reached 18.4 mmcf in Chile during 2012, a 0.4% increase compared to 2011 and equivalent to 316,200 barrels per day. This increase was mainly due to strong and stable economic growth, offset by an increase in prices of the main products. As is the case in many OECD countries, oil is predominantly used as a transport fuel, but a notable difference in Chile is that diesel is used as a substitute for natural gas in power generation.

Diesel is the main product in terms of consumption in Chile (157,300 barrels per day), followed by gasoline (66,300 barrels per day) and liquid petroleum gas, or LPG (36,200 barrels per day). Among the different

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types of refined oil products, gasoline experienced the greatest increase in terms of consumption, with consumption increasing 5.2% compared to 2011.

Consumption in Chile by type of oil product (thousands of cubic meters) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | % change from prior year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Diesel |  |  | 9,153 |  |  | 8,936 |  |  | 2.4% |
Gasoline |  |  | 3,856 |  |  | 3,667 |  |  | 5.2% |
LPG |  |  | 2,109 |  |  | 2,090 |  |  | 0.9% |
Fuel Oil |  |  | 1,498 |  |  | 1,864 |  |  | (19.6% | )
Kerosene |  |  | 1,243 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 4.3% |
Others |  |  | 542 |  |  | 586 |  |  | (7.5% | )
Total |  |  | 18,401 |  |  | 18,335 |  |  | 0.4% |

Source: ENAP 2012 Annual Report

Natural gas consumption grew significantly from the late 1990s to 2004, as direct pipeline connections were built to Argentina, providing a cheap and easily accessible supply. In 2002, however, the Argentine government capped the price of gas in its domestic market, resulting in increased demand for natural gas in Argentina. This led the Argentine government in 2004 to restrict natural gas exports to Chile in order to reserve them for domestic use. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to the countries in which we operate—Governmental actions in the countries in which we operate and in which we may operate in the future may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations." The restriction of Argentine natural gas exports has caused gas consumption in Chile to decrease significantly since 2004, when natural gas accounted for some 24% of the Total Primary Energy Supply, or TPES, according to the International Energy Agency. By 2009, natural gas only accounted for 8% of TPES.

LPG has been consumed in place of natural gas. As such, the LPG and gas markets overlap in Chile. LPG is predominantly used as a residential fuel in Chile (notably for cooking), particularly in relatively remote regions.

In 2012, the bulk of gas demand (41%) came from the power generation sector. Industry and the petrochemical sector accounted for 24% each, and the residential/commercial sector for the remaining 11%.

Supply and production

Chile is a large net importer of both crude oil and oil products. Its hydrocarbon reserves, which comprise limited crude oil reserves and 1,447.9 bcf of natural gas reserves according to the OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2013, or the OPEC Bulletin, are concentrated in the Magallanes Basin at the southern tip of the country.

Due to its limited oil and natural gas reserves, Chile has in the past imported almost all of its crude oil requirements principally from Brazil, Argentina and Colombia, and most of its natural gas requirements principally from Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Guinea and Yemen. In the northern part of the country, natural gas is imported through the Mejillones liquid natural gas, or LNG, terminal and is used predominantly for electricity generation by the mining industry. In the central part of the country (including the capital, Santiago), gas is primarily supplied by the Quintero LNG terminal.

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Oil and Gas Infrastructure in Chile

In 2012, Chile produced 6.1 mbopd of crude oil and 40.2 bcf of natural gas but imported 174.8 mbopd of crude oil and 134.8 bcf of natural gas, according to the OPEC Bulletin.

The exploration and development of oil fields in Chile has historically been controlled mainly by ENAP, with few private companies working in this sector. We were the first private producer of oil and gas in Chile.

Regulation of the oil and gas industry

Under the Chilean Constitution, the state is the exclusive owner of all mineral and fossil substances, including hydrocarbons, regardless of who owns the land on which the reserves are located. The exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons may be carried out by the state, companies owned by the state or private persons through administrative concessions granted by the President of Chile by Supreme Decree or CEOPs executed by the Minister of Energy. Exploitation rights granted to private companies are subject to special taxes and/or royalty payments. The hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation industry is supervised by the Chilean Ministry of Energy.

In Chile, a participant is granted rights to explore and exploit certain assets under a CEOP. If a participant breaches certain obligations under a CEOP, the participant may lose the right to exploit certain areas or may be required to return all or a portion of the awarded areas to Chile with no right of compensation. Although the government of Chile cannot unilaterally modify the rights granted in the CEOP once it is signed, exploration and exploitation are nonetheless subject to significant government regulations, such as

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regulations concerning the environment, tort liability, health and safety and labor. In the past year, for example, the Chilean government has proposed new regulations regarding the closure plans applicable to hydrocarbon operations that could have an impact on the timeframes and costs required to set up exploration or exploitation activities.

Regulatory entities

The Chilean Ministry of Energy and the National Commission of Energy (Comisión Nacional de Energía), or the CNE, are the principal government agencies responsible for the issuance of policies and regulations for the oil and gas sector. The Chilean Ministry of Energy is responsible for monitoring a participant's compliance with its obligations under a CEOP. The Superintendency of Electricity and Fuels (Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles), or the SDEC, supervises compliance with regulations regarding gas pipeline transportation and the Ministry of Environment, the Environmental Assessment Service and the Superintendency of Environment are responsible for environmental matters. The new Environmental Courts are responsible for adjudicating claims against the Superintendency of Environment and claims concerning environmental damage.

Ministry of Energy

The Chilean Ministry of Energy is responsible for developing and coordinating all plans, policies and regulations for the energy sector in Chile and supervising and advising the government in all matters related to energy. It coordinates the different entities in the energy sector in Chile and, by law, its Minister is the chairman of the board of directors of ENAP. The Ministry of Energy is also responsible for the protection, conservation and development of renewable and non-renewable energy resources.

SDEC

The SDEC is responsible for monitoring compliance with all regulations related to the generation, production, storage, transportation and distribution of all fuels, gas and electricity for the consumer market. To enforce such regulations, the SDEC has the power to impose fines and, if necessary, to take over the administration of deficient services when applicable. Our operations are not under the supervision of the SDEC.

Ministry of Environment, Environmental Assessment Service and Superintendency of Environment

The Ministry of Environment, the Environmental Assessment Service and the Superintendency of Environment are primarily responsible for environmental issues in Chile, including those affecting the oil and gas industry. The Ministry of Environment is responsible for the formulation and implementation of environmental policies, plans and programs, as well as for the protection and conservation of biological diversity and renewable natural resources and water resources and for promoting sustainable development and the integrity of environmental policy and regulations. The Environmental Assessment Service is responsible for assessing whether projects that might have an adverse effect on the environment comply with Chilean environmental laws and regulations. The Environmental Assessment Service directs and coordinates the environmental impact assessment process, whose final qualification is granted by the competent regional environmental assessment commission. The Superintendency of Environment's primary responsibilities are monitoring compliance with the terms of an environmental impact assessment, as well as monitoring compliance with government plans to prevent environmental damage or to clean or restore contaminated geographical areas. The Superintendency of Environment has the power to suspend or terminate, or impose fines from US$1,000 up to US$10.0 million for, activities that it deems to have an adverse environmental impact, even if such activities comply with a previously approved environmental impact assessment.

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The Environmental Courts

The Environmental Courts are principally responsible for hearing appeals of determinations made by the Superintendency of Environment and for adjudicating claims for environmental damage. There is currently one Environmental Court in Chile, which began to hear claims on December 28, 2012. Another two Environmental Courts are expected to begin hearing claims during 2013. The Environmental Court that will have jurisdiction over the area in which we operate elected its members on September 12, 2013 and is expected to begin hearing claims shortly.

Regulatory framework

Regulation of exploration and production activities

Oil and gas exploration and development is governed by the Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile and Decree with Law Force No 2 of 1986 of the Ministry of Mines, which set forth the revised text of the Decree Law 1089 of 1975, on CEOPS. However, the right to explore and develop fields is granted for each area under a CEOP between Chile and the relevant contractors. The CEOP establishes the legal framework for hydrocarbon activities, including, among other things, minimum investment commitments, exploration and exploitation phase durations, compensation for the private company (either in cash or in kind) and the applicable tax regime. Accordingly, all the provisions governing the exploitation and development of our Chilean operations are contained in our CEOPs and the CEOPs constitute all the licenses that we need in order to own, operate, import and export any of the equipment used in our business and to conduct our gas and petroleum operations in Chile.

Under Chilean law, the surface landowners have no property rights over the minerals found under the surface of their land. Subsurface rights do not generate any surface rights, except the right to impose legal easements or rights of way. Easements or rights of way can be individually negotiated with individual surface land owners or can be granted without the consent of the landowner through judicial process. Pursuant to the Chilean Code of Mines, a judge can permit a party to use an easement pending final adjudication and settlement of compensation for the affected landowner.

Regulation of transportation activities

Liquid hydrocarbon transportation, storage, importation and marketing are subject to a number of technical regulations regarding safety, quality and other matters. The rules for the transportation of liquid fuels through trucks and pipelines are primarily found in Supreme Decree No. 160 of 2009 (the Safety Code for Facilities and Production and Refining Operations, Transportation, Storage, Distribution and Supply of Liquid Fuels) of the Ministry of Economy. The Ministry of Energy is responsible for the regulation of transportation by pipeline and the Ministry of Transport is responsible for the regulation of transportation by truck.

Gas transportation in Chile is subject to open access rules, in which the gas transportation company must make its excess transportation capacity available to third parties under equal economic, commercial and technical conditions. Laws prohibit the abuse of a dominant position by a gas transportation company in order to discriminate among potential customers for use of its pipelines. Pursuant to Ministry of Economy Supreme Decree No. 280 of 2009, gas pipelines must also comply with the Regulation of Security for Transportation and Distribution of Gas, which regulates the design, construction, operation, maintenance, inspection and termination of operations of a natural gas pipeline.

Additionally, Chile is a signatory state to the Substitute Protocol of the Eighth Additional Protocol to the Economic Complementation Agreement No. 16 between Chile Republic and Argentina Republic (ACE 16) Regulation for Marketing, Operations and Transportation of Hydrocarbons Liquids—Crude Oil, Liquefied

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Gas and Liquid Products of Petroleum and Natural Gas and the following international conventions: the International Convention for the prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil of 1954, the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matters of 1972 and the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969.

Taxation

With regard to direct taxes on hydrocarbon exploitation, the general rule is that hydrocarbons are transferred to the contractor (its retribution under the CEOP), and those re-acquisitions from the contractor performed by Chile or its enterprises, as well as their corresponding acts, contracts and documents, are tax exempt. In addition, hydrocarbon exports by the contractor are also tax exempt. With regard to income taxes, as provided by article 5 of Decree Law No. 1,089, the contractor is subject either to a single tax calculated on its retribution, equal to 50% of such retribution, or to the general income tax regime established in the Income Tax Law (Decree Law No. 824 of 1974), in force at the time of the execution of the public deed which contains CEOPs, terms of which will be applicable and invariable throughout the duration of the contract. Income in Chile is subject to corporate tax on an accrual basis and has a current rate of 20%. The applicable and invariable corporate income tax rates of our CEOPs range between 15% and 18.5%, as follows: the Fell Block is subject to a rate of 15%, the Otway and Tranquilo Blocks are subject to a rate of 17% and the Flamenco, Isla Norte and Campanario Blocks are subject to a rate of 18.5% for the income accrued or received during 2012 and 17% for the income accrued or received during 2013 and onward. Dividends or profits distributed to the foreign shareholders of the contractors are subject to 35% Additional Withholding Tax with a tax credit for the corporate income tax paid by the contractor being deductible from the corporate income tax already paid as credit. With regard to the value added tax, contractors may obtain as a refund the value added tax (which is 19% according to the Sales and Services Tax Law contained in Decree Law No. 825 of 1974) supported or paid on the import or purchase of goods or services used in connection with the exploration and exploitation activities. The applicable tax regime for each CEOP remains unchanged throughout the duration of the CEOP.

Colombia

Oil and gas industry

Today, Colombia is one of the largest and most stable economies in South America. The country has a stable political and judicial environment, with a strong track record of growth. Furthermore, Colombia holds investment-grade sovereign debt ratings from all major rating agencies (BBB, BBB- and Baa3 from S&P, Fitch and Moody's, respectively).

In 2012, the country's GDP grew by 4%, with CPI inflation at 2.44%. In order to stimulate growth and private investments, Colombia has throughout the last years entered into several free trade agreements, which include the agreement with the United States in May 2012 and the creation of the Pacific Alliance with Mexico, Peru and Chile in June 2013.

Oil is currently Colombia's leading export and source of foreign investment. Historically, all oil production in the country was from concessions granted to foreign operators or undertaken by Ecopetrol, in contracts of association with foreign companies. During 1999 and 2000, the country was considered to be at risk of becoming a net oil importer unless significant additional reserves were discovered. As a result, Ecopetrol was restructured, and in 2003, a regulatory agency for the sector, the ANH, was created. Following these initial steps, consistent acreage sales to private investors coupled with better seismic work led to an improvement in the country's exploratory success rate and, consequently, to a change in the country's production landscape. Discoveries in Colombia in general have not been relevant in terms of scale;

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however, the number of discoveries has favored a significant increase in production and the creation of several medium-sized companies. Opportunities offered by the Colombian energy sector have changed the competitive landscape by attracting foreign investment in the country from leading multinational energy companies that operate in Colombia either independently or through joint ventures. Foreign investment in the oil and gas industry in Colombia has grown from US$1.125 million in 2005 to US$5.377 million in 2012.

Colombia—signed contracts

Source: ANH

According to the BP Statistical Review, Colombia is the third-largest producer of crude oil and the seventh-largest producer of natural gas in Central and South America. According to the BP Statistical Review, in 2012, the country's oil production reached 365.5 mmboe, with natural gas production of 423.6 bcf.

Colombia—production profile

Source: BP Statistical Review

Colombia is divided in 23 sedimentary basins. Colombian sedimentary basins have extensively developed petroleum systems that make them well suited for exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons. Colombian supply growth is driven mainly by conventional resources located in reservoirs with large regional

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distribution systems and heavy oil development along the eastern part of the Tertiary Foreland basins. The Eastern Llanos and Magdalena Valley Basins show the most potential for exploration activities. The Eastern Llanos Basin accounts for over 79% of the country's current oil and liquids reserves, followed by Caguan-Putumayo Basin, which accounts for 9%. The Eastern Llanos Basin also contains large gas reserves, comprising 90% of the country's reserves. From 2002 to 2012, Colombian production increased at a CAGR of 5.1% for oil and 6.8% for natural gas.

We believe Colombia offers significant potential for value creation through the application of modern technology and exploration strategies on undercapitalized producing fields.

Colombia—seismic profile (thousand km 2D equivalent)

Source: ANH

Regulation of the oil and gas industry

Under Colombian law, the state owns all hydrocarbon reserves discovered in the Colombian territory and exercises control of the exploitation of such reserves primarily through the ANH.

The ANH is responsible for managing all exploration lands not subject to previously existing association contracts with Ecopetrol. The ANH began offering all undeveloped and unlicensed exploration areas in the country under E&P Contracts and Technical Evaluation Agreements, or TEAs, which resulted in a significant increase in Colombian exploration activity and competition, according to the ANH. According to the ANH, since January 2004, 450 E&P Contracts and 97 TEAs have been signed, of which 46 E&P Contracts and eight TEAs have been signed during 2012. The ANH is also in charge of negotiating and executing contracts through "direct negotiation" mechanisms with attention to special conditions in the areas to be explored.

Regulatory entities

The principal authorities that regulate our activities in Colombia are the Ministry of Mines and Energy, the ANH, the National Environmental Licensing Authority, or the ANLA, and the Regulatory Commission of Energy and Gas, or the CREG.

Ministry of Mines and Energy

The Ministry of Mines and Energy is responsible for managing and regulating Colombia's nonrenewable natural resources, assuring their optimal utilization by defining and adopting national policies regarding exploration, production, transportation, refining, distribution and export of minerals and hydrocarbons.

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ANH

The ANH was created in 2003 and is responsible for the administration of Colombia's hydrocarbon reserves. The ANH's objective is to manage the hydrocarbon reserves owned by the state through the design, promotion and negotiation of the exploration and production agreements in areas where hydrocarbons may be found. The ANH is also responsible for creating and maintaining attractive conditions for private investments in the hydrocarbon sector and for designing bidding rounds for exploration blocks.

Any oil company selected by the ANH to explore a specific block must execute either a TEA or an E&P Contract to develop and exploit the block with the ANH. All royalty payments in connection with the production of hydrocarbons are made to the ANH in kind unless the ANH grants a specific waiver to make royalty payments in cash or the specific contract provides for payment in cash. Any oil company working in Colombia must present to the ANH periodic reports on the evolution of their exploration and exploitation activities.

ANLA

The ANLA was created pursuant to Decree 3573 of 2011 issued by the Colombian government with the participation of the Administrative Department of Public Functions (Departamento Adminstrativo de la Función Pública), and is responsible for hydrocarbon environmental licensing in Colombia. Any project in the hydrocarbons sector requiring an environmental license must submit to environmental licensing procedures, which require the presentation of an environmental impact assessment, an environmental management plan and a contingency plan. Environmental licenses are granted for exploration and production phases separately.

CREG

Laws 142 and 143 of 1994 created the CREG, a special administrative unit of the Ministry of Mines and Energy, responsible for establishing the standards for the exploitation and use of energy, regulating the domestic utilities of electricity and fuel gas (liquefied petroleum gas and natural gas), establishing price rules for energy and gas and regulating self-generation and cogeneration of energy. The CREG is also responsible for fostering the development of the energy services industry, promoting competition and responding to consumer and industry needs. Decree 4130 of 2011 assigned the CREG new functions that were previously fulfilled by the Ministry of Mines and Energy, including the regulation of tariffs for oil transportation in poliducts and the regulation of petroleum-derived liquid fluids.

Superintendency of Domiciliary Public Services

Under Colombian regulations, the distribution and marketing of natural gas is considered a public service. As such, this activity, as well as electricity, are regulated by Law 142 of 1994 and supervised by the Superintendency of Domiciliary Public Services (Superintendencia de Servicios Públicos Domiciliarios).

Regulatory framework

Regulation of exploration and production activities

Pursuant to Colombian law, the state is the exclusive owner of all hydrocarbon resources located in Colombia and has full authority to determine the rights, royalties or compensation to be paid by private investors for the exploration or production of any hydrocarbon reserves. The Ministry of Mines and Energy is the authority responsible for regulating all activities related to the exploration and production of hydrocarbons in Colombia.

Decree Law 1056 of 1953 (Código de Petróleos), or the Petroleum Code, establishes the general procedures and requirements that must be completed by a private investor prior to commencing hydrocarbon

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exploration or production activities. The Petroleum Code sets forth general guidelines, obligations and disclosure procedures that need to be followed during the performance of these activities.

Exploration and production activities were governed by Decree 1895 of 1973 until September 2009. Decree Law 2310 of 1974 (as complemented by Decree 743 of 1975) governed the contracts and contracting processes carried out by Ecopetrol and the rules applicable to such contracts, and also provided that Ecopetrol was responsible for administering the hydrocarbons resources in the Country. Decree 2310 of 1974 was replaced by Decree Law 1760 of 2003, but all agreements entered into by us prior to 2003 with other oil companies are still regulated by Decree 2310 of 1974.

Decree Law 1760 of 2003 provided the faculties, structure and functions of the ANH, and granted the ANH full and exclusive authority to regulate and oversee the exploration and production of hydrocarbon reserves. Decree Law 1760 of 2003 was complemented by Decree 2288 of 2004, which regulates all aspects related to the reversion of reserves and infrastructure under the joint venture agreements executed by us before 2004.

The regime for the ANH's contracts is set forth in Agreement 008 of 2004 and Agreement 004 of 2012. Accord 008 of 2004, as repealed and replaced by Accord 004 of 2012, issued by the Directive Council of the ANH, sets forth the necessary steps for entering into E&P Contracts with the ANH. This Agreement only regulates the contracts entered into as of May 4, 2012. Prior contracts are still ruled by Agreement 008 of 2004.

Resolution 18-1495 of 2009 establishes a series of regulations regarding hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation. In the E&P Contracts, operators are afforded access to non-contracted blocks by committing to an exploration work program. These E&P Contracts provide companies with 100% of new production, less the participation of the ANH, which participation may differ for each E&P Contract and depends on the percentage that each company has offered to the ANH in order to be granted with a block, subject to an initial royalty payment of 8% and the payment of income taxes of 33%. In addition, the Colombian government also introduced TEAs, in which companies that enter into TEAs are the only ones to have the right to explore, evaluate and select desirable exploration areas and to propose work commitments on those areas, and have a preemptive right to enter into an E&P Contract, thereby providing companies with low-cost access to larger areas for preliminary evaluation prior to committing to broader exploration programs. A preemptive right is granted to convert the TEA into an E&P Contract. Exploration activities can only be carried out by the TEA contractor.

Pursuant to Colombian law, companies are obligated to pay a percentage of their production to the ANH as royalties and an economic right as ANH's participating interest in the production. In 1999, a modification to the royalty system established a sliding scale for royalty payments, linking them to the production level of crude oil and natural gas fields discovered after July 29, 1999 and to the quality of the crude oil produced. Since 2002 the royalties system has ranged from 8% for fields producing up to 5,000 bopd to 25% for fields producing in excess of 600,000 bopd. Changes in royalty programs only apply to new discoveries and do not alter fields already in their production stage. Producing fields pay royalties in accordance with the applicable royalty program at the time of the discovery. The purchase price is calculated based on a reference price for crude oil at the wellhead and varies depending on prevailing international prices. Decree 2100 of 2011 modified the commercialization scheme of natural gas royalties. From 2012 and until May 2013, producers had to directly commercialize the royalties of their own production on behalf of the ANH. In return, the ANH paid a commercialization fee to producers. As of May 2013, contractors must pay in kind royalties to third parties called "Royalty Trading Companies" or "Royalty Marketing Companies," which are in charge of commercializing the royalties.

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Regulation of refining and petrochemical activities

Refining and petrochemical activities are considered to be public utility activities and are subject to governmental regulation. Article 58 of the Petroleum Code establishes that oil refining activities can be developed throughout Colombia. Oil refineries must comply with the technical characteristics and requirements established by the existing regulations.

The Ministry of Mines and Energy is responsible for regulating, supervising and overseeing all activities related to the refining of crude oil, import of refined products, storage, transport and distribution.

Decree 2657 of 1964 regulated the oil refining activities and created the Oil Refining Planning Committee, which is responsible for studying industry problems and implementing short- and long-term refining planning policies. The Committee is also responsible for evaluating and reviewing new refining projects or expansion of existing infrastructure. In evaluating a new project, the Committee must take into account the significance of the project and the economic impact, the sources of financing, profitability, social contribution, the effects on Colombia's balance of payments and the price structure of the refined products.

Pursuant to Resolution 18-0966 of 2006 issued by the Ministry of Mines and Energy and Article 58 of the Petroleum Code, any refining company operating in Colombia must provide a portion or, if needed, the total of its production to supply local demand prior to exporting any production. If the regulated production income, the principal item in the price formula, becomes lower than the export parity price, the price paid for the refined products will be equivalent to the price for those products in the U.S. Gulf Coast market. If there is local demand for imported crudes, the refining company may charge additional transportation costs in proportion to the crudes delivered to the refinery.

In 2008, Law 1205 was issued, with the main purpose of contributing to a healthier environment, and established the minimum quality that fuels should have in the country and the time frame for such a purpose.

The Ministry of Mines and Energy establishes the safety standards for LPG, storage equipment, maintenance and distribution. Regulations issued in 1992 established that every local, commercial and industrial facility with a storage capacity of LPG greater than 420 pounds must receive authorization for operations from the Ministry of Mines and Energy.

As of May 2012, under the powers granted by Decree 4130 of 2011 for currency and tax matters as well as for royalties, the ANH will determine the crude oil price reference.

Regulation of transportation activities

Hydrocarbon transportation activity is considered a public utility activity in Colombia and therefore is under governmental supervision and control. It is also a public service, and pipelines are considered to be public transport companies. Transportation and distribution of crude oil, natural gas and refined products must comply with the Petroleum Code, the Commerce Code (Código de Comercio) and with all governmental decrees and resolutions.

Notwithstanding the general rules for hydrocarbon transportation in Colombia, natural gas transportation has specific regulations, due to the categorization of natural gas distribution as a public utility activity under Colombian laws. Therefore, natural gas distribution transportation is governed by specific regulation, issued by the CREG that seeks primarily to satisfy the needs of the population.

The exportation of natural gas is not considered a public utility activity under Colombian law and therefore is not subject to Law 142 of 1994. Nevertheless, the internal supply of natural gas is a priority for the

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Colombian government. This policy is included in Decree 2100 of 2011, providing that in the event the supply of natural gas is reduced or halted as a result of a shortage of this hydrocarbon, the Colombian government has the right to suspend the supply of natural gas to foreign customers. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Decree 2100 of 2011, establishes freedom to export natural gas, under normal conditions for gas reserves.

Transport systems, classified as crude oil pipelines and multipurpose pipelines, can be owned by private parties. The building, operation and maintenance of pipelines must comply with environmental, social, technical and economic requirements under national and international standards. Transportation networks must follow specific conditions regarding design and specifications, while complying with the quality standards demanded by the oil and gas industry.

According to Law 681 of 2001, multipurpose pipelines must be open to third-party use and owners must offer their capacity on the basis of equal access to all. Hydrocarbon transport activity may be developed by third parties and must meet all requirements established by law.

The Ministry of Mines and Energy is responsible for studying and approving the design and blueprints of all pipelines, mediation of rates between parties or, in case of disagreement, establishing the hydrocarbon transport rates based on information furnished by the service provider, issuing hydrocarbon transport regulations, liquidation, distribution and verification of payment of transport-related taxes and managing the information system for the oil product distribution chain.

The construction of transportation systems requires government licenses and local permits awarded by the Ministry of Environment, in addition to other requirements from the regional environmental authorities.

Recently, further regulations on pipeline access and tariff systems have been defined by the Ministry of Mines and Energy. Over the past months, the Ministry of Mines and Energy has been working on a project to modify the 2010 regulation of pipeline access and tariff systems.

Taxation

The Tax Statute and Law 9 of 1991 provide the primary features of the oil and gas industry's tax and exchange system in Colombia. Generally, national taxes under the general tax statute apply to all taxpayers, regardless of industry. The main taxes currently in effect—after the December 2012 tax reform discussed below—are the income tax (25%), the special income tax for the development of social investments (9% for 2013 to 2015 and 8% for 2016 and beyond) the equity or net assets tax, sales or value added tax (16%), and the tax on financial transaction (0.4%). Additional regional taxes also apply. Colombia has entered into a number of international tax treaties to avoid double taxation and prevent tax evasion in matters of income tax and net asset tax.

Decree 2080 of 2000 (amended by Decree 4800 of 2010), or the international investment regime, regulates foreign capital investment in Colombia. Resolution 8 of the board of the Colombian Central Bank, or the Exchange Statute, and its amendments contain provisions governing exchange operations. Articles 48 to 52 of Resolution 8 provide for a special exchange regime for the oil industry that removes the obligation of repayment to the foreign exchange market currency from foreign currency sales made by foreign oil companies. Such companies may not acquire foreign currency in the exchange market under any circumstances and must reinstate in the foreign exchange market the capital required in order to meet expenses in Colombian legal currency. Companies can avoid participating in this special oil and gas exchange regime, however, by informing the Colombian Central Bank, in which case they will be subject to the general exchange regime of Resolution 8 and may not be able to access the special exchange regime for a period of 10 years.

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On December 26, 2012, the Colombian Congress approved a number of tax reforms. These changes include, among other things, VAT rate consolidation, a reduction in corporate income tax (from 33% to 25%), changes to transfer pricing rules, the creation of a new corporate income tax to pay for health, education and family care issues (9% for fiscal years 2013 to 2015 and 8% from 2016 and beyond), modifications in individual income tax, new "thin capitalization" rules and a reduction of social contributions paid by certain employees. The implementation of such tax reforms requires further administrative regulation. As of the date of this prospectus, some administrative regulations had been published, although we do not expect the final impact of these reforms to be material to our business.

Brazil

Oil and gas industry

Recent discoveries in the E&P space have transformed Brazil's oil and gas industry landscape and turned the country into one of the fastest-growing oil and gas markets in the world. According to the BP Statistical Review, the country's proved oil reserves in 2012 jumping to 15.3 bboe, an increase of 1.8% as compared to the previous year. The reserves' CAGR throughout the last 10 years has reached 4.56%, significantly above the world's average CAGR of 2.36%. Furthermore, production has also grown above the global rate during this 10-year period—3.7% as compared to 1.4%—in great part favored by recent discoveries in the pre-salt and offshore Atlantic concessions. In 2012, oil production reached 822.4 mmbbl.

Similar dynamics took place for the natural gas market, with reserves in 2012 jumping to 0.45 trillion cubic meters, or tm3, with an implied 10-year CAGR of 6.50%, significantly above the global CAGR of 1.91%. Production has also grown above the global rate during this period—6.53% as compared to 2.90%—also favored by both non-associated gas finds and gas associated with the pre-salt areas. In 2012, natural gas production reached 614.2 bcf. Production levels will be further boosted with the next bidding round, which has been pre-announced by the ANP for the fourth quarter of 2013, and which will be dedicated to areas with gas potential according to studies led by the ANP.

Today, offshore fields are the main contributor to reserves and production; however, the first phase of the production history in the sector, with upstream activities dating back to the 1940s, was in the onshore space, with the Recôncavo Basin in northeast Brazil playing a pivotal role. In 2011, proven domestic oil and natural gas reserves from offshore sites contributed to 94% of total proven reserves (with the remainder located onshore).

Recent pre-salt discoveries are expected to be transformational for Brazil. The hydrocarbon fields Sapinhoá (former Guará), Lula (former Tupi), Iara, and Cernambi (former Iracema) have the vast majority of the recoverable volumes of 15.7 bboe announced by Petrobras in its Management and Business Plan for 2013-2017. On October 21, 2013 the ANP hosted an auction of the Libra prospect in the Santos basin, which was discovered in 2010. It was the first bidding of the production sharing regime. A consortium formed by Petrobras, Shell, Total, China National Petroleum Corporation and China National Offshore Oil Corporation was awarded the concession, offering a 41.65% share of profit oil to the federal government (the minimum share of profit oil set forth under the bidding protocol). ANP studies estimate a potential of 26 to 42 billion barrels of oil in situ, of which 8 to 12 billion are recoverable barrels.

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Growth of oil and natural gas production (CAGR from 2002 to 2012)

Source: BP Statistical Review

Historically, Brazil's oil and natural gas industry was controlled by Petrobras. In 1995, the Brazilian Federal Constitution was amended to allow privately- or publicly-owned companies to engage in the exploration and exploitation of oil and natural gas, subject to conditions set forth in specific legislation governing the sector. In 1997, the Brazilian Petroleum Law created the ANP to promote a transparent regulatory framework and bidding rounds for new concession areas and to regulate and oversee the Brazilian oil and natural gas sector.

The opening of the Brazilian oil and natural gas industry attracted the attention of private companies. According to the ANP, as of December 2011, Brazil had 61 concessionaries conducting exploratory activities in Brazilian sedimentary basins. Of the 324 exploratory concessions currently under concession and in activity, 92 were exclusive to Petrobras, 94 were being explored by partnerships with private investors and Petrobras and the remaining 138 were being explored by other concessionaries. Out of the 332 fields currently in production, 269 were exclusive concessions to Petrobras and 21 fields were designed as partnership agreements between Petrobras and other concessionaries. Petrobras did not take part in the remaining 42.

As of December 2013, the ANP has held 12 bidding rounds and one pre-salt auction. Round zero was the first round, and was held by the ANP to define Petrobras's participation in its existing concessions after the end of its monopoly. The graph below indicates the number of exploration concessions auctioned at each round.

The ANP's exploratory concession grants

Source: ANP

On May 14, 2013, the ANP hosted the 11th bidding round offering 289 concessions, located in 11 basins. These concessions cover approximately 155.8 sq km. The auction was characterized by a high level of

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participation and raised R$2.8 billion in proceeds through license fees. Of the 289 concessions offered, 142 were successfully bid upon by industry players.

Additionally, on November 28, 2013, the ANP hosted the 12th bidding round offering 240 concessions, located in seven onshore basins. The auction raised R$165.2 million in proceeds through signing bonuses. The round was focused on conventional and unconventional resources with natural gas potential. Of the 240 concessions offered, 72 were successfully bid upon by industry players.

Natural gas market in Brazil

The natural gas industry in Brazil has undergone significant changes over the past decade. During this period, natural gas was the fastest-growing component of the non-renewable energy mix in the country. Taking into account the increased local production and imports from Bolivia, natural gas currently accounts for about 7.5% of total Brazilian energy demand, according to the 2012 National Energy Balance published by the Energy Research Company, or EPE. Furthermore, according to EPE's 2021 Ten Year Energy Expansion Plan, the share of natural gas in overall energy consumption in Brazil should reach 7.8% in 2016 and 8.1% in 2021. Production will be further boosted with the next bid round, which has been pre-announced by the ANP for the fourth quarter of 2013, and which will be dedicated to areas with gas potential according to studies led by the ANP.

Brazil has the capacity for both sustained and rapid growth in natural gas over the next decade, which may potentially change the balance between natural gas supply and demand in the country. The increased supply could open up new opportunities in the country. Natural gas may not only help sustain the continued growth of the local market, but Brazil may also choose to reduce the amount of gas imported and, in the long term, become a seasonal exporter.

The increase of the gas supply associated with a growing reserve profile is expected to enable the continued development of the domestic market at rates above the historical ones. Market growth has been largely directed by increased demand from the industrial and power generation sectors, which increased their demand for gas by 89.1% between 2002 and 2011, according to the EPE.

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The chart below compares the reserves with the reserves-to-production, or R/P, ratio, in Brazil in the periods indicated.

Reserves versus R/P(1) (Brazil)

Source: BP Statistical Review

(1) R/P is a valuation formula, calculated as total proved reserves, or R, divided by annualized current net daily production, or P.

The chart below illustrates the Brazilian domestic natural gas supply in the periods indicated.

Natural gas production/imports

Source: ANP

Brazil's sedimentary basins

The offshore area covers approximately 383.0 million gross acres and the onshore area covers approximately 1,112.0 million gross acres.

Infrastructure and workforce

Overview. Extensive infrastructure is already in place in the mature coastal basins. The Brazilian midstream infrastructure has grown significantly during recent years. However, it is still small in comparison to other countries, such as the U.S., China and France. In total, there are 32 oil pipes extending across 2,000 km. Local oil pipeline systems connect the fields in the Sergipe-Alagoas, Potiguar and Recôncavo Basins to the coastal export terminals where oil is sent by ship to the refineries in Fortaleza, Bahia and other States. The Brazilian government is expected to announce a ten-year plan for

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pipeline development, or Pemat, similar to what is done today in the power and utilities sector, through EPE's 2021 Ten Year Energy Expansion Plan.

With a well-established onshore oil and gas industry, the country has an experienced and skilled workforce.

Oil infrastructure. The oil infrastructure in Brazil is relatively limited, and the majority of oil production is offshore. Oil is loaded onto tankers and shipped directly to coastal terminals and refineries or exported.

Gas infrastructure. The gas pipeline network in Brazil is still relatively underdeveloped despite the significant expansion currently underway. There are many gas transmission pipelines, including international pipelines and a large distribution system. However, the existing infrastructure covers only a small portion of Brazil, primarily serving the main population centers of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, some states in the south and coastal states in the northeast.

LNG

Brazil began importing LNG in early 2009 through two import terminals, one located in northeast Brazil, in the State of Ceará, and another near the major gas markets in southeast Brazil, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Both terminals offer re-gasification vessels with an anchor point, which may be connected directly to the national gas network. The terminals are designed to provide flexibility in gas supply and meet the region's thermoelectric demand.

Refineries

There are currently 16 refineries operating in Brazil, of which 12 are Petrobras-operated. The current refining capacity is approximately 2.1 mmboepd, up from the 1.9 mmboepd during the 2000s. This increase has been achieved through capacity expansion of the existing refineries. Petrobras has plans to continue the expansion of the country's refining capacity, and several major projects are either underway or planned that will add a further 1.5 mmboepd of capacity.

Regulation of the oil and gas industry

Article 177 of the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 provides for the Federal Government's monopoly over the prospecting and exploration of oil, natural gas resources and other fluid hydrocarbon deposits, as well as over the refining, importation, exportation and sea or pipeline transportation of crude oil and natural gas. Initially, paragraph one of article 177 barred the assignment or concession of any kind of involvement in the exploration of oil or natural gas deposits to private industry. On November 9, 1995, however, Constitutional Amendment Number 9 altered paragraph one of article 177 so as to allow private or state-owned companies to engage in the exploration and production of oil and natural gas, subject to the conditions to be set forth by legislation.

The Brazilian Petroleum Law, which enacted this constitutional provision:

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  confirmed the Federal Government's monopoly over oil and natural gas deposits and further provided that the exploration and production of such hydrocarbons would be regulated and overseen by the federal government;
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  created the CNPE (as defined below) and the ANP;
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  revoked Law Number 2,004/53, which appointed Petrobras as the exclusive agent to execute the Federal Government's monopoly; and
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  established a transitional rule that entitled Petrobras to: (1) produce in fields where Petrobras had already started production under a concession agreement made with the ANP for 27 years, on an

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exclusive basis, starting on the date the field was declared commercially profitable; and (2) explore areas where Petrobras was able to show evidence of "established reserves" prior to the enactment of the Brazilian Petroleum Law, for up to three years, subsequently extended to five years.

Regulatory entities

National petroleum, natural gas and biofuel agency (ANP)

The Brazilian Petroleum Law created the ANP. The ANP is a regulatory body of the federal government associated with the Ministry of Mines and Energy. The ANP's function is to regulate the oil, natural gas and biofuels industry in Brazil. One of the ANP's primary objectives is to create a competitive environment for oil and natural gas activities in Brazil that will lead to the lowest prices and best services for consumers. Its principal responsibilities include enforcing regulations as well as awarding concessions related to oil, natural gas and biofuels, in accordance with the Brazilian Petroleum Law, as set forth in Decree No. 2,455, dated January 14, 1998, and regulations enacted by the National Council on Energy Policy and National Interest.

National council on energy policy (CNPE)

The CNPE, also created by the Brazilian Petroleum Law, is a council of the President of Brazil presided over by the Minister of Mines and Energy. The CNPE is charged with submitting national energy policies, designing oil and natural gas production policies and establishing the procedural guidelines for competitive bids regarding the exploration concessions and areas with established viability in accordance with the Brazilian Petroleum Law.

Regulatory framework

Pricing policy

Until the enactment of the Brazilian Petroleum Law, the Brazilian government regulated all aspects of the pricing of oil and oil products in Brazil, from the cost of oil imported for use in refineries to the price of refined oil products charged to the consumer. Under the rules adopted following the Brazilian Petroleum Law, the Brazilian government changed its price regulation policies. Under these regulations, the Brazilian government: (1) introduced a new methodology for determining the price of oil products designed to track prevailing international prices denominated in U.S. dollars, and (2) gradually eliminated controls on wholesale prices.

Concessions

In addition to opening the Brazilian oil and natural gas industry to private investment, the Brazilian Petroleum Law created new institutions, including the ANP, to regulate and control activities in the sector. As part of this mandate, the ANP is responsible for licensing concession rights for the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas in Brazil's sedimentary basins through a transparent and competitive bidding process. The ANP has conducted 12 bidding rounds for exploration concessions since 1999. Most recently, in November 2013, the twelfth round was conducted; 240 blocks in 13 sectors of seven basins were offered, of which 72 were awarded. Of these 72 blocks, we were awarded two new concessions (the PN-T-597 Concession in the Parnaíba Basin in the State of Maranhão and the SEAL-T-268 Concession in the Sergipe Alagoas Basin in the State of Alagoas). Our winning bids are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments."

In order to participate in the auction process a company must have proven experience in oil and gas exploration and production activities, be legally constituted under the laws of their home country and undertake that, in the event that they are successful in bidding, the company will constitute a company with its headquarters and management in Brazil, organized under Brazilian law, and have the determined

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(specific for each bidding round) minimum net equity. If all requirements are met, the company will be considered qualified to bid and make offers for the bidding areas within its category.

Environmental issues

The identification and definition of the concessions to be offered is based on the availability of geological and geophysical data indicating the presence of hydrocarbons. Also, in order to protect the environment, the ANP, the IBAMA and the state environmental agencies analyze all the areas prior to deciding which concessions to offer in licensing rounds. The requirement levels for environmental licensing for the various concessions to be auctioned are then published, allowing the future concessionaire to include environmental considerations in determining what projects to pursue. These environmental guidelines are revised and updated with every ANP bidding round.

Consortium

The oil and natural gas industry is characterized in Brazil by the presence of several companies acting through consortium agreements, or unincorporated joint ventures, in order to share the risks of exploration, development and production activities. Terms of those agreements are set out by the ANP and the actual risk sharing agreement is reflected in joint operating agreements.

Taxation

Introduction. The Brazilian Petroleum Law introduced significant modifications and benefits to the taxation of oil and natural gas activities. The main component of petroleum taxation is the government take, comprised of license fees, fees payable in connection with the occupation or title of areas, royalties and a special participation fee. The introduction of the Brazilian Petroleum Law presents certain tax benefits primarily with respect to indirect taxes. Such indirect taxes are very complex and can add significantly to project costs. Direct taxes are mainly corporate income tax and social contribution on net profit.

Government take. With the effectiveness of the Brazilian Petroleum Law and the regulations promulgated by the ANP, concessionaires are required to pay the Brazilian federal government the following:

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  license fees;
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  rent for the occupation or retention of areas;
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  special participation fee; and
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  royalties on production.

The minimum value of the license fees is established in the bidding rules for the concessions, and the amount is based on the assessment of the potential, as conducted by the ANP. The license fees must be paid upon the execution of the concession contract. Additionally, concessionaires are required to pay a rental fee to landowners varying from 0.5% to 1.0% of the respective hydrocarbon production.

The special participation fee is an extraordinary charge that concessionaires must pay in the event of obtaining high production volumes and/or profitability from oil fields, according to criteria established by applicable regulation, and is payable on a quarterly basis for each field from the date on which extraordinary production occurs. This participation rate, whenever due, may reach up to 40% of net revenues depending on (i) volume of production and (ii) whether the block is onshore, shallow water or deepwater. Under the Brazilian Petroleum Law and applicable regulations issued by the ANP, the special participation fee is calculated based upon quarterly net revenues of each field, which consist of gross

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revenues calculated using reference prices published by the ANP (reflecting international prices and the exchange rate for the period) less:

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  royalties paid;
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  investment in exploration;
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  operational costs; and
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  depreciation adjustments and applicable taxes.

The ANP is responsible for determining monthly minimum prices for petroleum produced in concessions for purposes of royalties payable with respect to production. Royalties generally correspond to a percentage ranging between 5% and 10% applied to reference prices for oil or natural gas, as established in the relevant bidding guidelines (edital de licitação) and concession agreement. In determining the percentage of royalties applicable to a particular concession, the ANP takes into consideration, among other factors, the geological risks involved and the production levels expected.

Relevant Tax Aspects on Upstream Activities. The special customs regime for goods to be used in the oil and gas activities in Brazil, REPETRO, aims primarily at reducing the tax burden on companies involved in exploring and extracting oil and natural gas, through the total suspension of federal taxes due on the importation of equipment (platforms, subsea equipment, among others), under leasing agreements, subject to the compliance with applicable legal requirements. The period in which the goods are allowed to remain in Brazil under the REPETRO regime may vary depending on the importer, but usually corresponds to the duration of the contract executed between the Brazilian company and the foreign entity, or the period for which the company was authorized to exploit or produce oil and gas.

In 2007, the legislation regarding the State Value Added Tax—ICMS imposed taxation on the import of equipment into Brazil under the REPETRO regime was significantly changed by ICMS Convention No. 130/2007. This regulation allows each State to grant the ICMS tax calculation basis reduction (generating a tax burden of 7.5% with the recoverability of credits or 3%, without the recoverability of credits) for goods purchased under the REPETRO regime for the production phase and the total exemption or ICMS tax calculation basis reduction (generating a tax burden of 1.5%, without the recoverability of credits) for the exploration phase. In order to be in force, the ICMS Convention No. 130/07 must be included in each state's legislation.

For example, currently, based on Convention No. 130/2007 , the state of Rio de Janeiro grants tax calculation basis reduction for the exploitation (generating a tax burden of 7.5%, with the recoverability of credits or 3%, without the recoverability of credits) and production of oil and gas (generating a tax burden of 1.5%, without the recoverability of credits). For production activities, the legislation used to grant an exemption of ICMS, which was recently changed to a tax calculation basis reduction, according to Resolution Sefaz No. 631, dated May 14th, 2013.

It is important to mention that before the enactment of the Convention No. 130/2007, the State of Rio de Janeiro has attempted to impose ICMS on production activities, based on State Law No. 4,117, dated June, 27, 2003, which was regulated by Decree No. 34,761, dated February 3, 2004, and was subsequently suspended by Decree No. 34,783 of February 4, 2004 for an undetermined period of time. Nevertheless, the State of Rio de Janeiro may choose to enforce the law at any time. Also, the constitutionality of this law is currently being challenged by the Public Ministry in the Supreme Court (ADI 3,019-RJ).

Pursuant to the Brazilian Petroleum Law and subsequent legislation, the federal government enacted Law No. 10,336/01, to impose the Contribution for Intervention in the Economic Sector, or CIDE, an excise tax

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payable by producers, blenders and importers on transactions with some of oil and fuel products, which is imposed at a flat amount based on the specific quantities of each product. Currently, the CIDE rates are zero, based on Decree No. 7,764/2012.

Argentina

Oil and gas industry

Argentina is the second-largest producer of natural gas and the fourth-largest producer of crude oil in Central and South America, according to the BP Statistical Review. The country is a leading producer and consumer of natural gas in South America, and has a globally significant unconventional oil and gas resource base. Production of both oil and natural gas throughout the last years has been dropping as a result of the maturing of the production fields and lack of investment. In 2012, the country's natural gas production reached 1331 bcf, with oil production at 242.4 mmbbl.

In response to the economic crisis of 2001 and 2002, the Argentine government, pursuant to the Public Emergency Law (Law No. 25,561), established export taxes on certain hydrocarbon products. In subsequent years, in order to satisfy growing domestic demand and abate inflationary pressures, this law was supplemented by constraints on domestic prices, export restrictions and subsidies on imports of natural gas and diesel, among other measures. As a result, local prices for oil and natural gas products had remained significantly below those prevalent in neighboring countries and international commodity exchanges.

After declining during the economic crisis of 2001 and 2002, Argentina's real gross domestic product, or GDP, grew at a compounded average growth rate, or CAGR, of 8.4% from 2003 to 2008. Although the growth rate decelerated to 0.9% in 2009 as a result of the global financial crisis, it recovered in 2010 and 2011, growing at an annual rate of 9.2% and 8.9%, respectively, according to the International Monetary Fund. In 2012, the GDP growth rate dropped to 1.9% as a reflex of the Brazilian slowdown spillover effect over to its regional trading partners, especially Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. In Argentina, widespread import and exchange controls also affected business confidence and investment.

Argentina's consumption of oil and natural gas

Source: BP Statistical Review

Driven by economic expansion and stable domestic prices, energy consumption has increased significantly from 2002 to 2012, with demand for oil and gas increasing from 331.7 mboe in 2002 to 518.9 mboe in 2012. Argentine natural oil and gas consumption grew at a CAGR of approximately 4.6% during this period, according to the BP Statistical Review. In recent years, demand has outpaced energy supply (in 2012, the deficit reached 42.5 mboe). As a result of this increasing demand and the maturing of local reserves the country's production surplus has shifted toward a deficit. Still, according to the BP Statistical Review, Argentina's R/P ratio is at 10.2x.

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Argentina's production of oil and natural gas (mmboe)

Source: BP Statistical Review

Regulation of the oil and gas industry

Under Argentine law, the federal executive branch establishes the federal policy applicable to the exploration, exploitation, refining, transportation and marketing of liquid hydrocarbons, but the licensing and enforcement of exploration and activities in hydrocarbon reservoirs has been transferred from the federal government to provincial governments.

Regulatory entities

The principal authorities that regulate the activities in Argentina are the Secretariat of Energy and the Strategic Planning and Coordination Committee for the National Hydrocarbon Investment Plan, at the federal level, and a local enforcement authority at each province (typically a secretariat of energy or hydrocarbons board).

Regulatory framework

Regulation of exploration and production activities

The Argentine oil and gas industry is regulated by Law No. 17,319, referred to as the Hydrocarbons Law, which was adopted in 1967 and amended by Law No. 26,197 in 2007, which established the general legal framework for the exploration and production of oil and gas, and Law No. 24,076, referred to as the Natural Gas Law, enacted in 1992, which established the regulatory framework for natural gas transportation and distribution utilities and the trading of natural gas. In addition, certain concurrent hydrocarbons laws were enacted by some provincial states. In Argentina, eminent domain over hydrocarbon resources lying in the territory of a provincial state is now vested in such provincial state, while eminent domain over hydrocarbon resources lying offshore on the continental platform beyond the jurisdiction of the coastal provincial states is vested in the federal state. From the 1920s to 1989, the Argentine public sector dominated the upstream segment of the Argentine oil and gas industry and the midstream and downstream segment of the business. In 1989, Argentina enacted certain laws aimed at privatizing the majority of its state-owned companies and issued a series of presidential decrees (namely, Decrees No. 1055/89, 1212/89 and 1589/89, or the Oil Deregulation Decrees, relating specifically to deregulation of energy activities). The Oil Deregulation Decrees eliminated restrictions on imports and exports of crude oil, deregulated the domestic oil industry, and effective January 1, 1991, the prices of oil and petroleum products were also deregulated. In 1992, Law No. 24,145, referred to as the Privatization Law, privatized YPF and provided for transfer of hydrocarbon reservoirs from the Argentine government to

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the provinces, subject to the existing rights of the holders of exploration permits and production concessions. In 1994, a constitutional reform vested eminent domain powers over hydrocarbons on provincial states.

In October 2004, the Argentine Congress enacted Law No. 25,943, creating a new state-owned energy company, Energía Argentina S.A., or ENARSA. The corporate purpose of ENARSA is the exploration and exploitation of solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons; the transport, storage, distribution, commercialization and industrialization of these products; as well as the transportation and distribution of natural gas, and the generation, transportation, distribution and sale of electricity. Moreover, Law No. 25,943 granted ENARSA all offshore areas located beyond 12 nautical miles from the coastline up to the outer boundary of the continental shelf that were vacant at the time of the effectiveness of this law (i.e., November 3, 2004).

Oil and gas exploration permits and exploitation concessions are now granted by each provincial government. A majority of the existing concessions were granted by the federal government prior to the enactment of Law No. 26,197 and were thereafter transferred to the provincial states. Article 5 of the Hydrocarbons Law requires that holders of permits and concessions establish legal domicile in Argentina.

Article 59 of the Hydrocarbons Law provides that the concessionaire shall pay to the state a monthly royalty of 12% of the net production of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons at the well head, which may be reduced to as low as 5% depending on the productivity, conditions and locations of the wells. Royalties are generally paid in cash at the same price received by the producer at the well head, unless the government gives proper notice of its intention to receive payment in kind. Also, past the initial 25-year term of a concession, an incremental royalty is generally required by the incumbent provincial state as part of the renegotiation to grant the 10-year extension to a concession. Because individual provinces are in charge of licensing and overseeing the exploration and exploitation process, there is some variance between individual provinces in terms of the regulations and royalty requirements for concessionaires. Holders of exploration permits and exploitation concessions must also pay an annual surface fee that is based on acreage of land held and which varies depending on the phase (exploration or production) of the operation.

On May 3, 2012, the Argentine Congress passed the Hydrocarbons Sovereignty Act. This law declared achieving self-sufficiency in the supply of hydrocarbons, as well as in the exploitation, industrialization, transportation and sale of hydrocarbons, a national public interest and a priority for Argentina. In addition, the law expropriated 51% of the share capital of YPF, the largest Argentine oil company, from Repsol, the largest Spanish oil company.

On July 28, 2012, Presidential Decree 1277/2012, which regulated the Hydrocarbon Sovereignty Law, was released, establishing that the Strategic Planning and Coordination Committee for the National Hydrocarbon Investment Plan must be in charge of the sector's reference prices. The decree introduced important changes to the rules governing Argentina's oil and gas industry. The decree repeals certain articles of Deregulation Decrees passed during 1989 relating to free marketability of hydrocarbons at negotiated prices, the deregulation of the oil and gas industry, freedom to import and export hydrocarbons and the ability to keep proceeds from export sales in foreign bank accounts. The repeal of these articles appears to formalize certain rules such as price controls and the repatriation of export sales proceeds, which has been in fact required by the government over the last several years.

In addition, the decree created the Strategic Planning and Coordination Committee for the National Hydrocarbon Investment Plan, charged with developing investment plans for the country to increase production and reserves and to make Argentina more energy self-sufficient. The decree also requires oil

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and gas companies, refiners and transporters of hydrocarbon products to submit annual investment plans for approval by the commission. The decree empowers the commission to issue fines and sanctions, including concession termination, for companies that do not comply with its requirements. Finally, the Strategic Planning and Coordination Committee for the National Hydrocarbon Investment Plan is also charged with the responsibility of assuring the reasonableness of hydrocarbon prices in the domestic market and that such prices allow companies to generate a reasonable profit margin.

Regulation of refining and petrochemical activities

Refining and petrochemical activities in Argentina have historically been governed by free enterprise and private refineries have coexisted with state owned refineries.

Until 1989, crude oil production, whether extracted by YPF or by private companies operating under service contracts, was delivered to YPF, and the Secretariat of Energy distributed the same among the refining companies according to quotas. Natural gas production was until then also delivered to YPF and to the then existing state owned Gas del Estado SE utility company.

The Oil Deregulation Decrees issued in 1989 deregulated the hydrocarbons industry and granted to the holders of hydrocarbon permits and concessions the right to freely dispose of the hydrocarbons lifted by them at free market conditions, and abrogated the previous quota allocation system.

After the economic crisis of 2001 and 2002, hydrocarbons refiners and producers were prompted by the Argentine Government to enter into a series of tripartite agreements whereby the prices of crude oil and certain byproducts were capped or regulated. A series of other measures was also adopted, affecting the downstream segment of the industry.

Regulation of transportation activities

Exploitation concessionaires have the exclusive right to obtain a transportation concession for the transport of oil and gas from the provincial states or the federal government, depending on the applicable jurisdiction. Such transportation concessions include storage, ports, pipelines and other fixed facilities necessary for the transportation of oil, gas and by-products. Transportation facilities with surplus capacity must transport third parties' hydrocarbons on an open-access basis, for a fee which is the same for all users on similar terms. As a result of the privatizations of YPF and Gas del Estado, a few common carriers of crude oil and natural gas were chartered and continue to operate to date.

Taxation

Exploitation concessionaires are subject to the general federal and provincial tax regime. The most relevant federal taxes are the income tax (35%), the value added tax (21%) and a tax on assets. The most relevant provincial taxes are the turnover tax (1% to 3%) and stamp tax. In 2002, in response to the economic crisis, the federal government adopted new taxes on oil and gas products, including export taxes ranging from 5% for by-products to 45% for crude oil. Despite that, under certain incentives programs established in 2008 (namely, the Oil Plus Program and the Refining Plus Program created by Presidential Decree 2014/2008), oil and gas companies increasing their oil reserves and production and refining companies increasing their production would be granted tax rebate certificates to be credited against the payment of the export taxes. However, the Oil Plus Program and the Refining Plus Program were suspended for certain companies in February 2012 and subsequently amended and reinstated in June 2012.

Certain tax benefits apply to exploration programs in association with ENARSA. Argentina has also implemented certain tax incentives to promote infrastructure and capital goods investments, including oil and gas production and transportation, including advanced reimbursement of value added tax and accelerated income tax depreciation.

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Business

Overview

We are an independent oil and natural gas E&P company with operations in South America and a proven track record of growth in production, reserves and cash flows since 2006. We operate in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and, to a lesser extent, in Argentina, and expect to further expand our footprint in Brazil following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments."

We have a well-balanced portfolio of assets that includes working and/or economic interests in 26 onshore hydrocarbons blocks, nine of which are currently in production, as well as in an additional concession in Brazil upon the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and two new concessions in Brazil that are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements by the ANP. We produced a net average of 13,148 boepd during the first nine months of 2013, 53% of which was produced in Chile, 46% of which was produced in Colombia and 0.5% of which was produced in Argentina, and of which 82% was oil. Accounting for our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, on a pro forma basis, we would have produced an average of 16,869 boepd during the first nine months of 2013, with Chile, Colombia and Brazil representing 42%, 36% and 22% of our production, respectively, and with oil representing 64% of our total production. As of December 31, 2012, we had net proved reserves of 16.8 mmboe (composed of 71% oil and 29% natural gas), of which 10.2 mmboe, or 61%, and 6.6 mmboe, or 39%, were in Chile and Colombia, respectively. According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe (composed of 100% oil). Additionally, according to this report, as of June 30, 2013, Rio das Contas had net proved reserves of 8.1 mmboe (composed of approximately 98% natural gas).

We have developed our company around three principal abilities:

•
  to successfully explore the subsurface in the search for oil and gas;
•
  to efficiently operate, drill, produce and market hydrocarbons from our properties; and
•
  to acquire and consolidate assets in the main oil- and natural gas-producing regions in South America.

We believe that our risk and capital management policies have enabled us to compile a geographically diverse portfolio of properties that balances exploration, development and production of oil and gas. These attributes have also allowed us to raise capital and to partner with premier international companies. Finally, we believe we have developed a distinctive culture within our organization that promotes and rewards partnership, entrepreneurship and merit. Consistent with this approach, all of our employees are eligible to participate in our long-term incentive program, or our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program. See "Management—Compensation—Executive compensation—Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program."

In Chile, we are the first and the largest non-state controlled oil and gas producer. We began operations in 2006 in the Fell Block and have evolved from having a non-operated, non-producing interest to having a fully-operated and producing asset with over 10.2 mmboe of net proved reserves as of December 31, 2012 and average production of 7,013 boepd in the first nine months of 2013. In addition, we operate five other hydrocarbon blocks in Chile with significant prospective resources.

In Colombia, following our successful acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in early 2012, we have an asset base of 10 hydrocarbon blocks where we were able to increase average production to 6,075

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boepd in the first nine months of 2013, an increase of 89% (on a pro forma basis, giving effect to our Colombian acquisitions) as compared to the first nine months of 2012. As of December 31, 2012, we had net proved reserves of 6.6 mmboe in Colombia. Additionally, according to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe of net proved reserves.

Recently, we expanded our footprint to Brazil. In May 2013, we agreed to acquire Rio das Contas from Panoro, which holds a 10% working interest in the shallow offshore Manati Field, the largest non-associated gas field in Brazil, which produced, in the year ended December 31, 2012, approximately 8.7% of the gas produced in Brazil. Rio das Contas's 10% working interest in the Manati Field represented 3,721 boepd of production during the first nine months of 2013. We expect to close our pending Rio das Contas acquisition in the first quarter of 2014. Separately, in September 2013, we entered into seven concession agreements with the ANP relating to our Round 11 concessions. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments."

The table below sets forth certain of our financial and operating data for the periods indicated, as well as pro forma data reflecting our acquisitions of Winchester, Luna and Cuerva in Colombia and our Brazil Acquisitions.

|  | For the nine-month period ended September 30, |  | For the year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
|  | (unaudited) |  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Financial data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues (US$ thousands) |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |
Pro forma revenues (US$ thousands) (unaudited)(1) |  |  | 287,188 |  |  | — |  |  | 325,403 |  |  | — |
Profit for the period/year (US$ thousands) |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Pro forma profit for the period/year (US$ thousands)(1) |  |  | 31,276 |  |  | — |  |  | 32,245 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA (US$ thousands)(2) |  |  | 125,894 |  |  | 94,793 |  |  | 121,404 |  |  | 63,391 |
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA (US$ thousands) (unaudited)(1)(2) |  |  | 148,423 |  |  | — |  |  | 168,708 |  |  | — |
Operating data (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average net production (boepd) |  |  | 13,148 |  |  | 11,533 |  |  | 11,292 |  |  | 7,593 |
% oil and liquids |  |  | 82% |  |  | 64% |  |  | 66% |  |  | 33% |
Pro forma average net production (boepd)(3) |  |  | 16,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,952 |  |  | — |
Pro forma % oil and liquids(4) |  |  | 64% |  |  | — |  |  | 50% |  |  | — |

(1) Pro forma revenues, pro forma profit for the period/year and pro forma Adjusted EBITDA are revenues, profit for the period/year and Adjusted EBITDA, respectively, after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas for the year ended December 31, 2012 and, after giving effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas, for September 30, 2013, in each case as if such acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 2012. For a reconciliation of pro forma Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of profit for the period before income tax, see "Unaudited Condensed Combined Pro Forma Financial Data—Note 6—Reconciliations."

(2) We define Adjusted EBITDA as profit for the period before net finance cost, income tax, depreciation, amortization and certain non-cash items such as impairments and write-off of exploration and evaluation assets, accrual of stock options and stock awards and bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries. Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of profitability or cash flows as determined by IFRS. See "Presentation of financial and other information—Financial statements—Non-IFRS financial measures." For a reconciliation of pro forma Adjusted EBITDA to the IFRS financial measure of profit before income tax, see "Unaudited condensed combined pro forma financial data—Note 6—Reconciliations."

(3) Pro forma average net production is production after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas for the year ended December 31, 2012 and, after giving effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, in each case as if such acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 2012.

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(4) Pro forma % oil and liquids is % oil and liquids after giving effect to the acquisitions of Winchester, Luna, Cuerva and Rio das Contas for the year ended December 31, 2012 and, after giving effect to the acquisition of Rio das Contas, for the nine-month period September 30, 2013, in each case as if such acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 2012.

Our operations

As of September 30, 2013, our holdings included 19 hydrocarbon blocks in which we have working and/or economic interests: six in Chile; 10 in Colombia; and three in Argentina.

Operations in Chile

We became the first privately-owned oil and gas producer in Chile when we began production in the Fell Block in May 2006, and, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we produced 67% of Chile's total oil production and 17% of its total gas production, according to information provided by the Chilean Ministry of Energy. We believe our acreage position in Chile represents an important platform for continued growth and expansion in that country.

The map below shows the location of the blocks in Chile in which we have working interests.

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The table below summarizes information about the blocks in Chile in which we have working interests as of and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

Block |  | Gross acres (thousand acres) |  | Working interest(1)(6) |  | Partners(2) |  | Operator |  | Net proved reserves (mmboe)(3) |  | Production (boepd) |  | Basin |  | Concession expiration year
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Fell |  |  | 367.8 |  |  | 100% |  |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 7,013 |  | Magallanes |  | Exploitation: 2032
Tranquilo |  |  | 92.4 |  |  | 29% |  |  | Pluspetrol; Wintershall; Methanex |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Magallanes |  | Exploitation: 2043
Otway |  |  | 49.4(4 | ) |  | 100%(5 | ) |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Magallanes |  | Exploitation: 2044
Isla Norte |  |  | 130.2 |  |  | 60%(5 | ) |  | ENAP |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Magallanes |  | Exploration: 2019 Exploitation: 2044
Campanario |  |  | 192.2 |  |  | 50%(5 | ) |  | ENAP |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Magallanes |  | Exploration: 2020 Exploitation: 2045
Flamenco |  |  | 141.3 |  |  | 50%(5 | ) |  | ENAP |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Magallanes |  | Exploration: 2019 Exploitation: 2044

(1) Working interest corresponds to the working interests held by our respective subsidiaries in such block, net of any working interests held by other parties in such block. LGI has a 20% direct equity interest in our Chilean operations through GeoPark Chile. See "—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI—LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreement."

(2) Partners with working interests.

(3) As of December 31, 2012.

(4) In April 2013, we voluntarily relinquished to the Chilean government all of our acreage in the Otway Block, except for 49,421 acres. In May 2013, our partners under the joint operating agreement governing the Otway Block decided to withdraw from such joint operating agreement, and applied for an assignment of rights permit on August 5, 2013. On August 26, 2013, the Ministry of Energy granted this permit, such that, upon the execution of a deed of assignment of rights containing the as-approved terms, we will be the sole participant, and have a 100% working interest, in our two remaining areas under the Otway Block CEOP. See "Business—Our operations—Operations in Chile—Otway and Tranquilo Blocks."

(5) LGI has a 14% direct equity interest in our Tierra del Fuego operations through GeoPark TdF and a 20% direct equity interest in GeoPark Chile, for a total effective equity interest of 31.2% in our Tierra del Fuego operations. See "—Tierra del Fuego Blocks (Isla Norte, Campanario and Flamenco Blocks)" and "—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI—LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements."

Our Chilean blocks are located in the provinces of Ultima Esperanza, Magallanes and Tierra del Fuego in the Magallanes Basin, a proven oil- and gas-producing area. As of September 30, 2013, the Magallanes Basin accounted for all of Chile's oil and gas production. Although this basin has been in production for over 60 years, we believe that it remains relatively underdeveloped.

Substantial technical data (seismic, geological, drilling and production information), developed by us and by ENAP, provides an informed base for new hydrocarbon exploration and development. Shut-in and abandoned fields may also have the potential to be put back in production by constructing new pipelines and plants. Our geophysical interpretations suggest additional development potential in known fields and exploration potential in undrilled prospects and plays, including opportunities in the Springhill, Tertiary, Tobífera and Estratos con Favrella formations. The Springhill formation has historically been the source of production in the Fell Block, though the Estratos con Favrella shale formation is the principal source rock of the Magallanes Basin, and we believe it contains unconventional resource potential.

Fell Block

In 2006, we became the operator and 100% interest owner of the Fell Block. When we first acquired an interest in the Fell Block in 2002, it had no material oil and gas production. Since then, we have completed more than 1,100 sq km of 3D seismic surveys and drilled 92 exploration and development wells. In the first nine months of 2013, we produced an average of approximately 13,858 mcfpd of gas and 4,703 bopd of oil, or 7,013 boepd, in the Fell Block.

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The Fell Block has an area of approximately 368,000 gross acres (1,488 sq km) and its center is located approximately 140 km northeast of the city of Punta Arenas. It is bordered on the north by the international border between Argentina and Chile and on the south by the Strait of Magellan.

The first exploration efforts began on the Fell Block in the 1950s. Through 2005, ENAP carried out seismic surveys and drilled numerous wells in the block. From 2006 through August 2011, we invested approximately US$210 million in exploring and developing the Fell Block, which allowed us to transition approximately 84% of the Fell Block's area from an exploration phase into an exploitation phase, which we expect will last through 2032. During the exploration phase, we exceeded the minimum work and investment commitment required under the Fell Block CEOP by more than 75 times, and as of September 30, 2013, had invested more than US$410 million in the Fell Block. There are no minimum work and investment commitments under the Fell Block CEOP associated with the exploitation phase.

Geologically, the Fell Block is located in the eastern part of the Magallanes Basin. The principal producing reservoir is made up of sandstones in the Springhill formation, at depths of 2,200 to 3,500 meters. Additional reservoirs have been discovered and put into production in the Fell Block—namely, Tobífera formation volcaniclastic reservoirs at depths of 2,200 to 3,600 meters, and Upper Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous sandstones, at depths of 700 to 2,000 meters.

Our geosciences team continues to identify and develop an attractive inventory of prospects and drilling opportunities for both exploration and development in the Fell Block, and we expect to continue our comprehensive drilling program in the Fell Block in the coming years. The recent oil discoveries in the Konawentru, Yagan, Yagan Norte, Copihue and Guanaco fields have opened up new oil and gas potential in the Fell Block. An important discovery during 2011 was the Konawentru 1 well, which we initially tested to have in excess of 2,000 bopd from the Tobífera formation, and which has opened up additional potentially attractive opportunities (workovers, well-deepenings and new exploration and development wells) in the Tobífera formation throughout the Fell Block.

During the last three months of 2012, and throughout the first nine months of 2013, we continued our exploration and development from the Tobífera formation by drilling wells in Konawentru, Yagán and Yagán Norte fields, as well as deepening existing wells in Ovejero and Molino fields with stable production from the formation, and successful workovers in the Tetera and Kiuaku fields. We are also evaluating the Estratos con Favrella shale reservoir, which we believe represents a high-potential, unconventional resource play for shale oil and gas, as a broad area of the Fell Block (1,000 sq km) appears to be in the oil window for this play. We have begun work to reinterpret core data logs and well test information, evaluate cores and fluids and determine reservoir brittleness (for fracturing) through special field tests.

Additionally, we are currently installing ESPs in key wells in the Fell Block, which we believe will be the first-ever ESPs to be used in Chile and which we expect will increase our production there. See "Prospectus Summary—Recent developments—Fourth quarter 2013 operational highlights."

Tierra del Fuego Blocks (Isla Norte, Campanario and Flamenco Blocks)

In the first and second quarters of 2012, we entered into three CEOPs with ENAP and Chile granting us working interests in the Isla Norte, Campanario and Flamenco Blocks, located in the center-north of the Tierra del Fuego province of Chile. We are the operator of all three of these blocks, with working interests of 60%, 50% and 50%, respectively. We believe that these three blocks, which collectively cover 463,700 gross acres (1,877 sq km) and are similar and geologically contiguous to the Fell Block, represent strategic acreage with high resource potential. Following the successful methodology we employed on the Fell Block, we expect to evaluate early production opportunities from existing nonproducing wells in Tierra del Fuego.

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We have committed to paying 100% of the required minimum investment under the CEOPs covering these blocks, in an aggregate amount of US$101.4 million through the end of the first exploratory periods for these blocks, which we expect will occur by November 2015 for the Flamenco and Isla Norte Blocks and by January 2016 for the Campanario Block, which includes our covering of ENAP's investment commitment which corresponds to its working interest in the blocks. In the first quarter of 2012, we began 3D seismic operations in the Flamenco Block. As of September 30, 2013, we had completed 1,315 sq km, which includes 41 sq km of overlapped areas, of 3D seismic surveys (88% of our seismic commitment under the CEOPs for the first exploration period). We drilled a total of three exploration wells in the Tierra del Fuego Blocks (14% of our commitment under the CEOPs for the first exploration period) during 2013.

Exploration in the Tierra del Fuego province in the Magallanes Basin dates back to the 1940s, when the first surface exploration focused on obtaining stratigraphic and structural information. Structural traps with transgressive sandstone reservoirs (Springhill formation) were outlined with refraction seismic lines and, in 1945, oil was discovered.

In the specific area of our Tierra del Fuego Blocks, the first wells were drilled in 1951, resulting in the discovery of the Sombrero oil and gas field. At the end of the 1950s and in the early 1960s, new fields were discovered to the east (the Catalina and Cuarto Chorrillo fields) and, following the gathering of seismic reflection data acquisition, additional new fields were discovered and existing fields were further developed. During the past decade, geological studies in the Magallanes Basin have focused on stratigraphic analysis, based on 3D and 2D seismic information, the definition and distribution of facies of the deltaic and/or turbidite depositional systems of the Late Cretaceous-Tertiary period and the evolution of the oil system in terms of generation/timing/expulsion and trapping.

Geologically, our Tierra del Fuego Blocks are located on the eastern margin of the Magallanes Basin, whose principal reservoirs are made up of sandstones of the Neocomian (Springhill formation) and the volcanic-clastic rocks (Tobífera formation), which have been the main targets of exploration in recent decades. Four main exploration plays of the Tierra del Fuego Blocks are the Springhill play, the Tobífera Clastic play, the Fractured Tobífera play and the Tertiary play.

Isla Norte Block. We are the operator of, and have a 60% working interest in, the Isla Norte Block, which covers approximately 130,200 gross acres (527 sq km). As of September 30, 2013, we had identified 10 oil prospects and four gas prospects in the Isla Norte Block, and had completed 129 sq km (37%) of the committed 350 sq km of 3D seismic surveys during the second quarter of 2013. The remaining seismic commitment is expected to be completed during the first quarter of 2014. We have also committed to drilling three wells during the first exploration period under the CEOP governing the Isla Norte Block.

Campanario Block. We are the operator of, and have a 50% working interest in, the Campanario Block, which covers approximately 192,200 gross acres (778 sq km). As of September 30, 2013, we had identified 11 oil prospects and six gas prospects in the Campanario Block, and had completed 100% of the committed 578 sq km of 3D seismic surveys. We have also committed to drilling eight wells during the first exploration period under the CEOP governing the Campanario Block.

Flamenco Block. We are the operator of, and have a 50% working interest in, the Flamenco Block, which covers approximately 143,800 gross acres (582 sq km). As of September 30, 2013, we had identified 11 oil prospects and nine gas prospects in the Flamenco Block. In June 2013, we discovered a new oil and gas field in the block following the successful testing of the Chercán 1 well, the first well drilled by us in Tierra del Fuego. We conducted a production test in the Tobífera formation, in which gas flowed at a rate of approximately 4.0 mmcfpd and oil flowed at rates of approximately 35 bopd. We have completed the

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construction of a flowline to connect this well to existing infrastructure, and the well is currently producing approximately 2,900 mcfpd and 21 bopd under a long-term production test. We have also completed drilling two additional wells, the Omeling 1 and Yakamush 1 wells, in the Flamenco Block, which are both on stand-by for workover activities.

As of September 30, 2013, we had completed 100% of the committed 570 sq km of 3D seismic surveys. We have also committed to drilling 10 wells during the first exploration period under the CEOP governing the Flamenco Block.

Otway and Tranquilo Blocks

We are the operator of the Otway and Tranquilo Blocks. As of September 30, 2013, we had a 25% working interest in the Otway Block and our partners were Pluspetrol (25%), Wintershall (25%), IFC (12.5%) and Methanex (12.5%). We have a 29% working interest in the Tranquilo Block, where our partners are Pluspetrol (29%), Wintershall (25%) and Methanex (17%).

In the Otway Block, our partners withdrew from the joint operating agreement governing the Otway Block in May 2013, and applied to the Chilean Ministry of Energy to assign their rights to us in the Otway Block CEOP in August 2013. The Ministry of Energy approved the assignment on August 26, 2013, subject to the execution of a deed of assignment of rights containing the as-approved terms. Following the execution of this assignment deed, we will be the sole participant in the Otway Block CEOP.

As of September 30, 2013, the Otway and Tranquilo Blocks covered an area of approximately 49,400 gross acres (200 sq km) and 92,400 gross acres (374 sq km), respectively. The first hydrocarbon exploration activities in these blocks began in the 1920s, and between 1930 and 1990, several wells were drilled, most with gas manifestations.

Geologically, the Tranquilo and Otway Blocks are located in the northern half of the Magallanes Basin, composed of the Folded Belt and Thrust Front and the Tertiary Foreland Basin. The reservoirs with production history in the Otway Block relate to the Agua Fresca formation, at depths of 1,500-2,000 meters. The reservoirs with production history in the Tranquilo Block relate to the Loreto formation, at depths of 700 to 1,000 meters. Other potential reservoirs in the Otway and Tranquilo Blocks include the Morro Chico, Loreto, Chorillo Chico and Rocallosa and Rosa formations.

As of September 30, 2013, we had completed our minimum work commitments for the Otway and Tranquilo Blocks, with a total investment of approximately US$24.0 million for the first exploratory period.

The Otway Block's seismic commitment program was completed in 2011 and included 270 sq km of 3D seismic and 127 km of 2D seismic survey work. In 2012, we drilled two wells in the Otway Block, the Tatiana and Cabo Negro wells, both of which were subsequently plugged and abandoned.

In the Tranquilo Block we completed a seismic program consisting of 163 sq km of 3D seismic and 371 sq km of 2D seismic survey work, and drilled the Renoval 1, Marcou Sur, Palos Quemados and Estancia María Antonieta wells. The Renoval 1 and Estancia wells were plugged and abandoned, the Marcou Sur is under evaluation and we discovered gas in the El Salto formation of the Palos Quemado well.

At the Palos Quemados well, we recently completed a 22-week commercial feasibility test aimed at defining its productive potential. As the test was not conclusive, we were granted permission by the Chilean Ministry of Energy to extend the testing period for an additional six months. We deliver the test gas that is currently produced at commercial rates through the nearby city of Puerto Natales's gas pipeline. The well

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is currently producing approximately 780 mcfpd. In order to continue producing in this well, we will have to declare its commercial viability.

On January 17, 2013, we formally announced to the Chilean Ministry of Energy our decision not to proceed with the second exploratory period and to terminate the exploratory phase of the Tranquilo Block CEOP. Subsequently, we relinquished all areas of the Tranquilo Block, except for a remaining area of 92,417 gross acres, for the exploitation of the Renoval, Marcou Sur, Estancia Maria Antonieta and Palos Quemados Fields, which we have identified as the areas with the most potential for prospects in the block.

Additionally, on April 10, 2013, we voluntarily and formally announced to the Chilean Ministry of Energy our decision not to proceed with the second exploratory period and to terminate the exploratory phase under the Otway Block CEOP, such that we relinquished all areas of the Otway Block, except for two areas totaling 49,421 gross acres in which we declared the discovery of hydrocarbons, in the Cabo Negro and Tatiana prospect areas.

Operations in Colombia

In the first quarter of 2012, we acquired Winchester, Luna and Cuerva, three privately-held E&P companies operating in Colombia. We closed the acquisitions of Winchester and Luna in February 2012 and the acquisition of Cuerva in March 2012. We acquired Winchester, Luna and Cuerva for a total consideration of US$105.0 million, adjusted for working capital. Additionally, under the terms of the agreement to acquire Winchester, or the Winchester Stock Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to make certain payments to the previous owners of Winchester based on the production and sale of hydrocarbons discovered by exploration wells drilled after October 25, 2011. These payments involve both an earnings-based measure and an overriding royalty equal to an estimated 4% of our net revenues for any new discoveries of oil. As of September 30, 2013, we had paid US$4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013 to the previous owners of Winchester pursuant to the Winchester Stock Purchase Agreement.

Additionally, in December 2012, LGI agreed to acquire a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia for a total consideration of US$20.1 million, composed of a US$14.9 million capital contribution, a US$4.9 million loan to GeoPark Colombia and certain miscellaneous reimbursements. See "—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI—LGI Colombia Agreements."

Our interests in Colombia include working interests and economic interests. "Working interests" are direct participation interests granted to us pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH, whereas "economic interests" are indirect participation interests in the net revenues from a given block based on bilateral agreements with the concessionaires.

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The map below shows the location of the blocks in Colombia in which we have working and/or economic interests.

The table summarizes information about the blocks in Colombia in which we have working interests as of and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

Block |  | Gross acres (thousand acres) |  | Working interest(1) |  | Partners(2) |  | Operator |  | Net proved reserves (mmboe)(3) |  | Production (boepd) |  | Basin |  | Concession expiration year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
La Cuerva |  |  | 47.8 |  | 100.0% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 2,026 |  | Llanos |  | Exploration: 2014 Exploitation: 2038 |
Llanos 34 |  |  | 82.2 |  | 45.0% |  | Ramshorn; P1 Energy |  | GeoPark |  |  | 3.9 | (4) |  | 3,002 |  | Llanos |  | Exploration: 2015 Exploitation: 2039 |
Llanos 62 |  |  | 44.0 |  | 100.0% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Llanos |  | Exploration: 2017 Exploitation: 2041 |
Yamú |  |  | 11.2 |  | 5.45/75.0% | (5) | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | 0.4 | (4) |  | 573 |  | Llanos |  | Exploration: 2013 Production: 2036 | (8)
Llanos 17 |  |  | 108.8 |  | 36.8% | (6) | Ramshorn; Parex |  | Parex |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Llanos |  | Exploration: 2015 Exploitation: 2039 |
Llanos 32 |  |  | 100.3 |  | 0% | (7) | Ramshorn; APCO; P1 Energy |  | P1 Energy |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 202 |  | Llanos |  | Exploration: 2015 Exploitation: 2039 |
Jagüeyes 3432A |  |  | 61.0 |  | 5.0% |  | Columbus |  | Columbus |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Llanos |  | Exploration: 2014 Exploitation: 2038 |

(1) Working interest corresponds to the working interests held by our respective subsidiaries in such block, net of any working interests held by other parties in such block. LGI has a 20% direct equity interest in our Colombian operations through GeoPark Colombia. See "—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI—LGI Colombia Agreements."

(2) Partners with working interests.

(3) As of December 31, 2012.

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(4) According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in Colombia since December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe of net proved reserves, composed of 2.2 mmboe in the Llanos 34 Block and 0.2 mmboe in the Yamú Block, to our net proved reserves.

(5) Although we are the sole title holder of the working interest in the Yamú Block, other parties have been granted economic interests in fields in this block. Taking those other parties' interests into account, we have a 54.5% interest in the Carupana Field and a 75% interest in the Yamú and Potrillo Fields, both located in the Yamú Block.

(6) We currently have a 40% working interest in the Llanos 17 Block, although we assigned a 3.2% economic interest to a third party. We expect to formalize this assignment with the ANH so that it will be recognized as a working interest.

(7) We currently have a 10% economic interest in the Llanos 32 Block, although we have applied to the ANH to recognize this as a working interest in the block, and expect to receive the ANH's authorization in the first half of 2014.

(8) The Yamú Block E&P Contract is in both the exploration and exploitation phases. The phases overlap because the exploitation phase (lasting 24 years) for the Yamú and Carupana Fields began on the date these fields were declared commercially viable, while the exploration phase continued to run for the rest of the block.

The table summarizes information about the blocks in Colombia in which we have economic interests as of and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

Block |  | Gross acres (thousand acres) |  | Economic interest(1) |  | Operator |  | Production (boepd) |  | Basin
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Arrendajo |  |  | 78.1 |  |  | 10% |  | Pacific |  |  | 169 |  | Llanos
Abanico |  |  | 32.1 |  |  | 10% |  | Pacific |  |  | 94 |  | Magdalena
Cerrito |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 10% |  | Pacific |  |  | 9 |  | Catatumbo

(1) Economic interest corresponds to indirect participation interests in the net revenues from the block, granted to us pursuant to a joint operating agreement.

Eastern Llanos Basin: (La Cuerva, Yamú, Llanos 34, Llanos 32, Llanos 62, Llanos 17, Jagüeyes 3432A, Arrendajo, Abanico and Cerrito Blocks)

The Eastern Llanos Basin is a Cenozoic Foreland basin in the eastern region of Colombia. Two giant fields (Caño Limón and Castilla), three major fields (Rubiales, Apiay and Tame Complex) and approximately fifty minor fields had been discovered as of December 31, 2006. The source rock for the basin is located beneath the east flank of the Eastern Cordillera, as a mixed marine-continental shaly basinal facies of the Gachetá formation. The main reservoirs of the basin are represented by the Paleogene Carbonera and Mirador sandstones. Within the Cretaceous sequence, several sandstones are also considered to have good reservoirs.

La Cuerva Block. We are the operator of, and have a 100% working interest in, the La Cuerva Block, which covers approximately 47,000 gross acres (190 sq km). Since we acquired an interest in the La Cuerva Block, we have drilled a total of 15 wells in the block, 10 of which were productive. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, our average net production at the La Cuerva Block was 2,026 bopd. We operate in the block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH. See "—Significant agreements—Colombia—E&P Contracts—La Cuerva Block E&P Contract."

Llanos 34 Block. We are the operator of, and have a 45% working interest in, the Llanos 34 Block, which covers approximately 82,200 gross acres (333 sq km). For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, our average net daily production in the block was 3,002 bopd. Currently, the full seismic program has been completed. Our partners in the block are Ramshorn International Limited, or Ramshorn, and P1 Energy Corp., or P1 Energy, who have a 45% and 10% interest, respectively, in the Llanos 34 Block. Since we acquired an interest in the block in the first quarter of 2012, as of September 30, 2013, we had discovered three new oil fields and drilled 10 wells in the block, nine of which are in production. These include the Tarotaro 1 exploration well in the Tarotaro Field, which we successfully drilled, tested and put into production in June 2013. A test conducted on the Tarotaro 1 well resulted in a production rate of approximately 2,239 bopd. Surface facilities are already in place and the crude oil produced from the wells

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is now being marketed and sold. The Tarotaro Field is the second oil field that we have discovered since our expansion into Colombia in the first half of 2012. In Colombia, in the Llanos 34 Block, we drilled and tested the Tigana 1 exploration well in the Mirador formation, with production at a rate of approximately 2,126 bopd. In addition, we tested the Guadalupe formation, with production at a rate of approximately 1,465 bopd. We also drilled and tested the Tigana Sur 1 well in the Llanos 34 Block in the Guadalupe formation, which is currently producing at a rate of approximately 1,598 bopd. The Tigana 1 and Tigana Sur 1 wells represent our fourth and fifth new oil field discoveries, respectively, in the Llanos 34 Block since 2012. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments—Fourth quarter 2013 operational highlights." We operate in the block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH. See "—Significant agreements—Colombia—E&P Contracts—Llanos 34 Block E&P Contract."

Llanos 62 Block. We are the operator of, and have a 100% working interest in, the Llanos 62 Block, which covers approximately 44,000 gross acres (178 sq km). As of September 30, 2013, we had undertaken 72.2 sq km of 3D seismic surveys within the block. We operate the block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH.

Yamú Block. We are the operator of, and have a 100% working interest in, the Yamú Block, which covers approximately 11,200 gross acres (45.5 sq km). Economic rights to certain fields in the Yamú Block have been granted to other parties. In May 2013, we successfully drilled and completed the Potrillo 1 well in the block—our third oil field discovery in Colombia—to a total depth of 3,560 meters. The well is producing at a rate of approximately 230 bopd. Surface facilities are already in place, and the crude oil produced from the well is now being marketed and sold. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, our average net production at the Yamú Block was 573 bopd. We operate in the block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH.

Llanos 17 Block. We have a 40% working interest in the Llanos 17 Block, which covers approximately 108,800 gross acres (440 sq km). Parex is the operator of, and has a 60% working interest in, the Llanos 17 Block. Since we acquired a working interest in the block, two wells have been drilled in the block, one of which was productive. We maintain our 40% working interest in the Llanos 17 Block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH. However, we expect to apply to the ANH to approve an assignment of 3.2% of our working interest in this block to another party.

Llanos 32 Block. P1 Energy is the operator of, and has a 50% working interest in, the Llanos 32 Block, which covers approximately 100,300 gross acres (406 sq km). P1 Energy's partners in the block are Ramshorn and APCO Properties Ltd., or APCO, who have a 30% and a 20% working interest in the block, respectively. Currently, we have a 10% economic interest in the Llanos 32 Block pursuant to a joint operating agreement with P1 Energy. We do not maintain a direct working interest in this block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH, but we have applied to the ANH to recognize our interest in the Llanos 32 Block as a working interest, and expect to receive the ANH's authorization in the first half of 2014. Since we acquired an interest in the Llanos 32 Block, and as of September 30, 2013, five wells have been drilled in the block, three of which were productive. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, our average net production in the Llanos 32 Block was 202 bopd.

Jagüeyes 3432A Block. We have a 5% working interest in the Jagüeyes 3432A Block, which covers approximately 61,000 acres (247 sq km). Our partner in the block is Columbus Energy, who maintains a 95% working interest in and is the operator of the Jagüeyes 3432A Block. We maintain a working interest in the Jagüeyes 3432A Block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH.

Arrendajo Block. In December 2005, Great North Energy Colombia Inc. (now Pacific Stratus Energy Corp., or Pacific) and the ANH entered into the Arrendajo Block E&P Contract. Pacific is the operator of, and has

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a 100% working interest in, the Arrendajo Block, which covers approximately 78.1 gross acres. We do not maintain a direct working interest in this block pursuant to an E&P Contract with the ANH, but rather have a 10% economic interest in the net revenues of the Arrendajo Block pursuant to a participating interest agreement between us and Great North Energy Colombia Inc. (now Pacific).

Abanico Block. In October 1996, Ecopetrol and Explotaciones CMS Nomeco Inc. entered into the Abanico Block association contract. Pacific is the operator of, and has a 100% working interest in, the Abanico Block, which covers an area of approximately 32.1 gross acres. We do not maintain a direct working interest in the Abanico Block, but rather have a 10% economic interest in the net revenues from the block pursuant to a joint operating agreement initially entered into with Kappa Resources Colombia Limited (now Pacific, who subsequently assigned its participation interest to Cespa de Colombia S.A., who then assigned the interest to Explotaciones CMS Oil & Gas), Maral Finance Corporation and Getionar S.A.

Cerrito Block. In February of 2002, Ecopetrol and Kappa Resources Colombia Limited (now Pacific) entered into the Cerrito Block association contract. The Cerrito Block covers an area of approximately 10.2 gross acres. Pacific is the operator of, and has a 100% working interest in, the Cerrito Block. We do not maintain a direct working interest in the Cerrito Block, but rather have a 10% economic interest in the block pursuant to a joint operating agreement initially entered into with Kappa Resources Colombia Limited (now Pacific), Maral Finance Corporation, Geoproduction Oil & Gas Company of Colombia Limitada and Texican Oil PLC.

Operations in Brazil

On May 14, 2013, we announced the future extension of our footprint into Brazil when the ANP awarded us seven new exploratory licenses in the REC-T 94 and REC-T 85 Concessions in the Recôncavo Basin in the State of Bahia and the POT-T 664, POT-T 665, POT-T 619, POT-T 620 and POT-T 663 Concessions in the Potiguar Basin in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, or our Round 11 concessions, collectively covering an area of approximately 54,900 gross acres. On September 17, 2013, we entered into seven concession agreements with the ANP for the right to exploit the oil and natural gas in these seven new concessions. Pursuant to ANP requirements, actual exploitation of these new concessions will also depend on obtaining an environmental license from the IBAMA. The ANP has also qualified us as a class B operator, meaning that we are recognized as having met all technical and managerial conditions required to operate safely in Brazil, both onshore and offshore at water depths of less than 400 meters.

Additionally, we agreed to acquire Rio das Contas from Panoro for a total cash consideration of US$140.0 million (subject to working capital adjustments at closing and further earn-out payments, if any), which will give us a 10% working interest in the BCAM-40 Concession, including the shallow-depth offshore Manati and Camarão Norte Fields, in the Camamu-Almada Basin in the State of Bahia. The Manati Field, which is in the production phase, is operated by Petrobras (with a 35% working interest), the Brazilian national company and the largest oil and gas operator in Brazil, in partnership with QGEP (with a 45% working interest), and Brasoil (with a 10% working interest). See "—Significant agreements—Brazil—Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement." The acquisition is subject to the approval of the ANP, among other regulatory authorities, and we expect to complete the acquisition in the first quarter of 2014. Some of the environmental licenses related to the operation of Manati Field production system and natural gas pipeline are expired, which is subject to both administrative and criminal liabilities, as well as additional costs for regularization. See "—Health, safety and environmental matters—Other regulation of the oil and gas industry—Brazil." The Camarão Norte Field is in the development phase and is not yet subject to the environmental licensing requirement.

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We expect that our pending Rio das Contas acquisition in Brazil will provide us with a long-term off-take contract with Petrobras that covers approximately 74% of net proved gas reserves in the Manati Field, a valuable relationship with Petrobras and an established geoscience and administrative team to manage the assets and to seek new growth opportunities.

Also in Brazil, on November 28, 2013, the ANP awarded us two new concessions, the PN-T-597 Concession in the Parnaíba Basin in the State of Maranhão and the SEAL-T-268 Concession in the Sergipe Alagoas Basin in the State of Alagoas, in a new international bidding round, Round 12. Our winning bids are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements. We expect to jointly develop the PN-T-597 concession with Tecpetrol and to assign 50% of our working interest in this concession to Tecpetrol, pursuant to our strategic alliance with Tecpetrol to jointly identify, study and potentially acquire upstream oil and gas opportunities in Brazil. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments—Award of two licenses in the Parnaíba and Sergipe Alagoas Basins in Brazil" and "—Strategic Alliance with Tecpetrol."

The map below shows the location of the concessions in Brazil in which we expect to have working interests following the completion of our Brazil Acquisitions. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments."

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The table below summarizes information as of September 30, 2013 about the concessions in Brazil in which we currently have, and expect to further have, following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and Round 12 concessions, a working interest.

Concession |  | Gross acres (thousand acres) |  | Working interest(1) |  | Partners |  | Operator |  | Net proved reserves (mmboe) |  | Production (boepd) |  | Basin |  | Concession expiration year
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
BCAM-40 |  |  | 22.8 |  |  | 10% |  | Petrobras; QGEP; Brasoil |  | Petrobras |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 3,721 |  | Camamu-Almada |  | Exploitation: 2029(2) - 2034(3)
REC-T 94 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Recôncavo |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045
REC-T 85 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Recôncavo |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045
POT-T 664 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045
POT-T 665 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045
POT-T 619 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045
POT-T 620 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045
POT-T 663 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Potiguar |  | Exploration: 2018 Exploitation: 2045
PN-T-597(4) |  |  | 188.7 |  |  | 100% | (5) | —(5) |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Parnaíba |  | —(4)
SEAL-T-268(4) |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 100% |  | — |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Sergipe Alagoas |  | —(4)
Total Brazil |  |  | 274.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 3,721 |  |  |  |

(1) Working interest corresponds to the working interests we expect to hold in such concession, net of any working interests held by other parties in such concession following the completion of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition and the separate award to us by the ANP of the Round 12 concessions.

(2) Corresponds to Manati Field.

(3) Corresponds to Camarão Norte Field.

(4) Round 12 concessions are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements by the ANP.

(5) We expect to jointly develop this concession with Tecpetrol and assign 50% of our working interest in this concession to Tecpetrol.

BCAM-40 Concession

Following the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, we will have a 10% working interest in the BCAM-40 Concession, which includes interests in the Manati Field and the Camarão Norte Field, and which is located in the Camamu Almada Basin. Petrobras is the operator of, and has a 35% working interest in, the BCAM-40 Concession, which covers approximately 22,784 gross acres (92.2 sq km). In addition to us, Petrobras' partners in the block are Brasoil and QGEP, with 10% and 45% working interests, respectively. Petrobras operates the BCAM-40 Concession pursuant to a concession agreement with the ANP, executed on August 6, 1998. See "—Significant agreements—Brazil—Overview of concession agreements—BCAM-40 Concession Agreement." In September 2009, Petrobras announced the relinquishment of BCAM-40's exploration area within the concession to the ANP, except for the Manati Field and the Camarão Norte Field.

The Manati Field is located 65 km south of Salvador, at a 35-meter water depth. The field was discovered in October 2000, and, in 2002, Petrobras declared the field commercially viable. Production began in January 2007. As of September 30, 2013, 11 wells had been drilled in the Manati Field, six of which are productive and connected to a fixed production platform installed at a depth of 35 meters, located 9 km from the coast of the State of Bahia. From the platform, the gas flows by sea and land through a 125 km pipeline to the VF gas treatment plant. The gas is sold to Petrobras up to a maximum volume as determined in the existing Petrobras Gas Sales Agreement (as defined below). Rio das Contas is negotiating

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an amendment to the existing Petrobras Gas Sales Agreement with Petrobras for the sale of additional volumes from the Manati Field to Petrobras.

REC-T 94 and REC-T 85 Concessions

The REC-T 94 and REC-T 85 Concessions are onshore and located in the Recôncavo Basin, which covers an area of approximately 2.7 million gross acres (11,000 sq km). The basin's main source rocks belong to the Candeias formation, with Deltaic sandstones of the Marfim and Pojuca formations, Ilhas Group—Fan Deltas and Fluvial sands, Fluvial sandstones of the Candeias and Marancagalha formations, Fluvio-Eolic sandstones of the Agua Grande formation and Fluvio-Eolic sandstones of the Sergi formation. During 2012, 155 wells were drilled in the Recôncavo Basin.

The REC-T 94 REC-T 85 Concessions cover an area of 7,660 gross acres (31 sq km) and 7,660 gross acres (31 sq km), respectively. In connection with our bid to obtain the licenses for these concessions, we have committed to drilling two exploratory wells in the concessions, and to undertaking 31 sq km of 3D seismic surveys in the REC-T 94 Concession and 30 km of 2D seismic surveys in the REC-T 85 Concession. We have also committed, following the signing of the concession agreement in respect of the concessions, to a work program to the ANP of R$19.3 million (approximately US$8.0 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) during the first exploratory period under the concession agreement governing the concessions, consisting of a R$7.2 million (approximately US$3.0 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) bonus payable to the ANP in the first year of exploration and R$12.1 million (approximately US$5.0 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) as a work program guarantee payable over the course of the three years. The exploratory phase for these concessions is divided into two exploratory periods, the first of which lasts for three years and the second of which is non-obligatory and can last for up to two years.

POT-T 663, POT-T 664, POT-T 665, POT-T 619 and POT-T 620 Concessions

The POT-T 663, POT-T 664, POT-T 665, POT-T 619 and POT-T 620 Concessions are onshore and located in the Potiguar Basin, which produces the third-highest amount of oil in Brazil as of December 31, 2012, according to the ANP. As of December 2012, offshore, 15 fields are either producing oil or in the process of being developed, with offshore oil production of approximately 8,139 bopd and gas production of approximately 31 mmcfpd in the Potiguar Basin. As of December 2012, onshore, 74 fields are producing, with total onshore oil production of approximately 53,363 bopd and gas production of approximately 27 mcfpd in the Potiguar Basin. Historically, over 1,000 exploratory wells and over 6,000 development wells have been drilled in the basin, with 125 oil discoveries and 22 oil and gas discoveries and 19 gas discoveries as of December 31, 2012.

The principal source rock in the basin is considered to be Pendencia source rock, which is mature in most of the basin. Algama source rock is considered to be the secondary source in the basin.

The POT-T 663, POT-T 664, POT-T 665, POT-T 619 and POT-T 620 Concessions cover a total area of 39,507 gross acres (160 sq km). We have committed to the ANP, following the signing of the concession agreement in respect of the concessions, to making total investments of R$11.3 million (approximately US$4.7 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) during the first exploratory period under the concession agreement, consisting of a R$3.0 million (approximately US$1.2 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) bonus payable to the ANP in the first year of exploration and R$8.3 million (approximately US$3.4 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) as a work program guarantee payable over the course of the three years. We have also committed to undertaking 222 km of 2D seismic work in the first exploration period for the concession areas, though there is no well drilling commitment during this period. The exploratory phase for these concessions is divided into two exploratory periods, the first of which lasts for three years and the second of which is non-obligatory and can last for up to two years.

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Round 12 Concessions

Additionally, on November 28, 2013, the ANP awarded us two new concessions (the PN-T-597 Concession in the Parnaíba Basin in the State of Maranhão and the SEAL-T-268 Concession in the Sergipe Alagoas Basin in the State of Alagoas) in a new international bidding round, Round 12. Our winning bids are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements. See "Prospectus summary—Recent developments."

Operations in Argentina

The map below shows the location of the blocks in Argentina in which we have working interests.

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The table below summarizes information about the blocks in Argentina in which we have working interests as of September 30, 2013.

Block |  | Gross acres (thousand acres) |  | Working interest(1) |  | Operator |  | Net proved reserves (mmboe)(2) |  | Production (boepd) |  | Basin |  | Expiration concession year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Del Mosquito |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | 100% |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | 60 |  | Magallanes Austral |  |  | Exploitation: 2016 |
Cerro Doña Juana |  |  | 19.6 |  |  | 100% |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Neuquén |  |  | Exploitation: 2017 |
Loma Cortaderal |  |  | 28.3 |  |  | 100% |  | GeoPark |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | Neuquén |  |  | Exploitation: 2017 |

(1) Working interest corresponds to the working interests held by our respective subsidiaries in such block, net of any working interests held by other parties in such block.

(2) As of December 31, 2012.

As of December 31, 2012, although we had production in our blocks in Argentina, D&M determined that there were no reserves in these blocks. This was due to the uneconomic status of the reserves, given the proximity to the end of the concessions for these blocks, which does not allow for future capital investment in the blocks. However, if we are able to extend our concessions in Argentina, the assumptions used to make this determination may change in the future.

Del Mosquito Block

We are the operator of, and have 100% working interest in, the Del Mosquito Block. We established oil production in the block in 2002 by rehabilitating the abandoned Del Mosquito Field. The discovery well Del Mosquito Norte x-1 was the first well drilled on the block since the 1980s. We are evaluating potential drilling opportunities on the Del Mosquito Block and the option of bringing a partner into the project to increase investment activity. In 2011, we drilled the new Del Mosquito Sur 1 exploration well, which resulted in minor oil production. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, our average daily production at the Del Mosquito Block was 60 boepd.

The Del Mosquito Block covers an area of approximately 17,313 gross acres (70 sq km), and is located in the Magallanes Austral Basin in southern Argentina.

According to the Secretariat of Energy (Secretaría de Energía) in Argentina, or the Argentine Secretary of Energy, for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, the Magallanes Austral Basin produced approximately 4.7% of Argentina's total oil production and approximately 25.4% of its total gas production. Although the Fell and Del Mosquito Blocks are located in different countries, they are situated in the same geological basin and, at their closest point, are less than 50 km apart.

Cerro Doña Juana and Loma Cortaderal Blocks

The Cerro Doña Juana and Loma Cortaderal Blocks cover areas of approximately 28,300 (115 sq km) and 19,600 (79 sq km) gross acres, respectively. These blocks are located in the Neuquén Basin in west-central Argentina, which is one of the most prolific hydrocarbon producing basins in Argentina, accounting for over 40.4% of Argentina's total oil production and over 54.1% of Argentina's total gas production for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, according to the Argentine Secretary of Energy. The blocks are located in the Andean fold and thrust belt, along a proven producing fairway, where large hydrocarbon accumulations exist, and are believed to have excellent source rocks, multiple reservoir objectives and large structural traps.

We are the operator of, and have a 100% working interest in, each of the Cerro Doña Juana and Loma Cortaderal Blocks. In 2006, we established oil production in the Loma Cortaderal Block after repairing an

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existing well. However, as of October 2007, this well was shut in pending a workover, and neither the Cerro Doña Juana nor the Loma Cortaderal Block is currently in production.

Oil and natural gas reserves and production

Overview

We have achieved consistent growth in oil and gas reserves from our investment activities since 2007, when we began production in the Fell Block. As of December 31, 2012, D&M reported that our total net proved reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina were 16.8 mmboe. Of this total, 10.2 mmboe, or 61%, 6.6 mmboe, or 39%, were in Chile and Colombia, respectively, and we had no net proved reserves in Argentina.

The following table summarizes our net proved reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina as of December 31, 2012.

Country |  | Oil (mmbbl) |  | Gas (bcf) |  | Total net proved reserves (mmboe)(1) |  | % Oil |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Chile |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 52% |
Colombia |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.6 | (2) |  | 100% |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 11.9 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 71% |

(1) We calculate one barrel of oil equivalent as six mcf of natural gas.

According to the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, as of June 30, 2013, our net proved reserves for certain new discoveries made in the Llanos 34 Block (Tarotaro Field) and Yamú Block (Potrillo Field) in Colombia after December 31, 2012 resulted in an additional 2.4 mmboe of net proved reserves. Additionally, our net proved reserves attributable to Rio das Contas in Brazil were 8.1 mmboe, of which 4.7 mmboe were net proved developed and 3.4 mmboe were net proved undeveloped, and 98% of which were in natural gas.

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Our reserves

The following table sets forth summary information about our oil and natural gas net proved reserves as of December 31, 2012, which is based on the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report.

|  | Net proved reserves |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | As of December 31, 2012 |
|  | Oil (mmbbl) |  | Natural gas (bcf) |  | Total net proved reserves (mmboe)(1) |  | % Oil |
Net proved developed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chile |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 12.8 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 50% |
Colombia(2) |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 100% |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net proved developed |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 12.8 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | 66% |
Net proved undeveloped |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chile |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 53% |
Colombia(2) |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 100% |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total net proved undeveloped |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 74% |
Total net proved |  |  | 11.9 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 16.8 |  |  | 71% |

(1) We calculate one barrel of oil equivalent as six mcf of natural gas.

(2) Net proved reserves for Colombia do not include the additional net proved reserves as of June 30, 2013 attributable to new discoveries made in Colombia after December 31, 2012, described in the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report and presented in the table below.

The following table summarizes reserves data for Brazil and for certain new discoveries made in Colombia during the first half of 2013 in the Tarotaro and Potrillo Fields in Colombia, based on the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report.

|  | Net proved reserves |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | As of June 30, 2013 |
|  | Oil (mmbbl) |  | Natural gas (bcf) |  | Total net proved reserves (mmboe)(1) |  | % Oil |
Net proved developed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Colombia |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 100% |
Brazil |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 27.8 |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 1% |
Total net proved developed |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 27.8 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 13% |
Net proved undeveloped |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Colombia |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 100% |
Brazil |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 20.3 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 2% |
Total net proved undeveloped |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 20.3 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 34% |
Total net proved |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 48.1 |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 24% |

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Internal controls over reserves estimation process

We maintain an internal staff of petroleum engineers and geosciences professionals who work closely with our independent reserves engineers to ensure the integrity, accuracy and timeliness of data furnished to our independent reserves engineers in their estimation process and who have knowledge of the specific properties under evaluation. Our Director of Development Geology, Carlos Alberto Murut, is primarily responsible for overseeing the preparation of our reserves estimates and for the internal control over our reserves estimation. He has more than 30 years of industry experience as an E&P geologist, with broad experience in reserves assessment, field development, exploration portfolio generation and management and acquisition and divestiture opportunities evaluation. See "Management."

In order to ensure the quality and consistency of our reserves estimates and reserves disclosures, we maintain and comply with a reserves process that satisfies the following key control objectives:

•
  estimates are prepared using generally accepted practices and methodologies;
•
  estimates are prepared objectively and free of bias;
•
  estimates and changes therein are prepared on a timely basis;
•
  estimates and changes therein are properly supported and approved; and
•
  estimates and related disclosures are prepared in accordance with regulatory requirements.

Throughout each fiscal year, our technical team meets with Independent Qualified Reserves Engineers, who are provided with full access to complete and accurate information pertaining to the properties to be evaluated and all applicable personnel. This independent assessment of the internally-generated reserves estimates is beneficial in ensuring that interpretations and judgments are reasonable and that the estimates are free of preparer and management bias.

Recognizing that reserves estimates are based on interpretations and judgments, differences between the proved reserves estimates prepared by us and those prepared by an Independent Qualified Reserves Engineer of 10% or less, in aggregate, are considered to be within the range of reasonable differences. Differences greater than 10% must be resolved in the technical meetings. Once differences are resolved, the independent Qualified Reserves Engineer sends a preliminary copy of the reserves report to members of our senior management, who act as a Reserves Review Committee. Our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Director of Development Geology and Director of Exploration, form this committee.

Independent reserves engineers

Reserves estimates as of December 31, 2012 for Chile, Colombia and Argentina included in this prospectus are based on the D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report, completed on June 28, 2013 and effective as of December 31, 2012. Reserves estimates at June 30, 2013 for certain discoveries made in Colombia after December 31, 2012 included in this prospectus are based on the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report, completed on August 14, 2013 and effective as of June 30, 2013. Reserves estimates as of June 30, 2013 attributable to Rio das Contas in the Manati Field in Brazil included in this prospectus are also based on the D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report. The D&M Reserves Reports, copies of each of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement containing this prospectus, were prepared in accordance with SEC rules, regulations, definitions and guidelines at our request in order to estimate reserves and for the areas and periods indicated therein.

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D&M, a Delaware corporation with offices in Dallas, Houston, Calgary, Moscow and Algiers, has been providing consulting services to the oil and gas industry for more than 75 years. The firm has more than 150 professionals, including engineers, geologists, geophysicists, petrophysicists and economists that are engaged in the appraisal of oil and gas properties, the evaluation of hydrocarbon and other mineral prospects, basin evaluations, comprehensive field studies and equity studies related to the domestic and international energy industry. D&M restricts its activities exclusively to consultation and does not accept contingency fees, nor does it own operating interests in any oil, gas or mineral properties, or securities or notes of its clients. The firm subscribes to a code of professional conduct, and its employees actively support their related technical and professional societies. The firm is a Texas Registered Engineering Firm.

The D&M 2012 Year-end Reserves Report covered 100% of our total reserves, including 100%, 100% and 100% of our reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively. The D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report covered 100% of our total reserves for two new fields discovered after December 31, 2012 in Colombia as of June 30, 2013. The D&M Brazil and Colombia Reserves Report also covered 100% of the total reserves attributable to Rio das Contas in the Manati Field in Brazil. In connection with the preparation of the D&M Reserves Reports, D&M prepared its own estimates of our proved reserves. In the process of the reserves evaluation, D&M did not independently verify the accuracy and completeness of information and data furnished by us with respect to ownership interests, oil and gas production, well test data, historical costs of operation and development, product prices, or any agreements relating to current and future operations of the fields and sales of production. However, if in the course of the examination something came to the attention of D&M that brought into question the validity or sufficiency of any such information or data, D&M did not rely on such information or data until it had satisfactorily resolved its questions relating thereto or had independently verified such information or data. D&M independently prepared reserves estimates to conform to the guidelines of the SEC, including the criteria of "reasonable certainty," as it pertains to expectations about the recoverability of reserves in future years, under existing economic and operating conditions, consistent with the definition in Rule 4-10(a)(2) of Regulation S-X. D&M issued the D&M Reserves Reports based upon its evaluation. D&M's primary economic assumptions in estimates included oil and gas sales prices determined according to SEC guidelines, future expenditures and other economic assumptions (including interests, royalties and taxes) as provided by us. The assumptions, data, methods and procedures used, including the percentage of our total reserves reviewed in connection with the preparation of the D&M Reserves Reports were appropriate for the purpose served by such report, and D&M used all methods and procedures as it considered necessary under the circumstances to prepare such reports.

However, uncertainties are inherent in estimating quantities of reserves, including many factors beyond our and our independent reserves engineers' control. Reserves engineering is a subjective process of estimating subsurface accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner, and the accuracy of any reserves estimate is a function of the quality of available data and its interpretation. As a result, estimates by different engineers often vary, sometimes significantly. In addition, physical factors such as the results of drilling, testing and production subsequent to the date of an estimate, economic factors such as changes in product prices or development and production expenses, and regulatory factors, such as royalties, development and environmental permitting and concession terms, may require revision of such estimates. Our operations may also be affected by unanticipated changes in regulations concerning the oil and gas industry in the countries in which we operate, which may impact our ability to recover the estimated reserves. Accordingly, oil and natural gas quantities ultimately recovered will vary from reserves estimates.

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Technology used in reserves estimation

According to SEC guidelines, proved reserves are those quantities of oil and gas which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with "reasonable certainty" to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation.

The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time. The term "reasonable certainty" implies a high degree of confidence that the quantities of oil and/or natural gas actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate. Reasonable certainty can be established using techniques that have been proved effective by actual production from projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir or by other evidence using reliable technology that establishes reasonable certainty. Reliable technology is a grouping of one or more technologies (including computational methods) that have been field tested and have been demonstrated to provide reasonably certain results with consistency and repeatability in the formation being evaluated or in an analogous formation.

There are various generally accepted methodologies for estimating reserves including volumetrics, decline analysis, material balance, simulation models and analogies. Estimates may be prepared using either deterministic (single estimate) or probabilistic (range of possible outcomes and probability of occurrence) methods. The particular method chosen should be based on the evaluator's professional judgment as being the most appropriate, given the geological nature of the property, the extent of its operating history and the quality of available information. It may be appropriate to employ several methods in reaching an estimate for the property.

Estimates must be prepared using all available information (open and cased hole logs, core analyses, geologic maps, seismic interpretation, production/injection data and pressure test analysis). Supporting data, such as working interest, royalties and operating costs, must be maintained and updated when such information changes materially.

Proved undeveloped reserves

As of December 31, 2012, we had 10.6 mmboe in proved undeveloped reserves, an increase of 2.0 mmboe, or 23%, over our December 31, 2011 proved undeveloped reserves of 8.6 mmboe. The increase in proved undeveloped oil reserves consisted of 4.6 mmboe added as a result of our Colombian acquisitions and 1.0 mmboe for extensions and discoveries in the Fell Block, partially offset by 3.6 mmboe of revisions principally resulting from 0.3 mmboe of proved undeveloped reserves converted to proved developed reserves and a reduction in gas reserves of 3.3 mmboe principally due to reduced expected recovery at certain of our wells and expected lower deliveries to Methanex.

Of our 10.6 mmboe of net proved undeveloped reserves, 6.0 mmboe, 4.6 mmboe and 0 mmboe, or 56%, 44% and 0%, were located in Chile, Colombia and Argentina, respectively. During 2012, we incurred approximately US$78.0 million in capital expenditures to convert such proved undeveloped reserves to proved developed reserves, of which approximately US$57.0 million and US$21.0 million were made in Chile and Colombia, respectively.

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Production, revenues and price history

The following table sets forth our production of oil and natural gas in Chile, Colombia and Argentina for each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

|  | Average daily production(1) |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010 |
|  | Chile |  | Colombia(2) |  | Argentina |  | Total GeoPark(4) |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total GeoPark(4) |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total GeoPark(4) |
Oil production |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average crude oil production (bopd) |  |  | 4,013 |  |  | 3,431 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 7,491 |  |  | 2,441 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | 2,508 |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | 1,970 |
Average sales price of crude oil (US$/bbl) |  |  | 85.42 |  |  | 97.15 |  |  | 67.8 |  |  | 90.5 |  |  | 83.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 59.4 |  |  | 83.8 |  |  | 72.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 49.8 |  |  | 72.8 |
Natural gas production |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average natural gas production (mcfpd) |  |  | 22,663 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 22,804 |  |  | 30,419 |  |  | — |  |  | 87 |  |  | 30,506 |  |  | 29,752 |  |  | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | 29,862 |
Average sales price of natural gas (US$/mcf) |  |  | 4.04 |  |  | 4.18 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 3.1 |
Oil and gas production cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average operating cost (US$/boe) |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | 34.0 |  |  | (6.7 | ) |  | 16.8 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 7.0 |
Average royalties and Other (US$/boe) |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 1.6 |
Average production cost (US$/boe)(3) |  |  | 13.2 |  |  | 38.1 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.7 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 8.5 |
Average depreciation (US$/boe) |  |  | 9.9 |  |  | 20.4 |  |  | 142.1 |  |  | 13.4 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 23.2 |  |  | 8.8 |
Average bbl production cost (US$/boe) |  |  | 23.1 |  |  | 58.4 |  |  | 143.0 |  |  | 33.1 |  |  | 19.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 43.3 |  |  | 19.7 |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 32.3 |  |  | 17.3 |

(1) We present production figures net of interests due to others, but before deduction of royalties, as we believe that net production before royalties is more appropriate in light of our foreign operations and the attendant royalty regimes.

(2) We acquired Winchester and Luna in February 2012 and Cuerva in March 2012. Production figures do not include, for 2012, production for Winchester, Luna and Cuerva prior to their acquisition by us.

(3) Calculated pursuant to FASB ASC 932.

(4) Averaged realized sales price for oil does not include our Argentine blocks because our Argentine operations were not material during such period. Averaged realized sales price for gas does not include our Argentine and Colombian blocks because our gas operations in those countries were not material during such period.

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Drilling activities

The following table sets forth the exploratory wells we drilled in Chile, Colombia and Argentina during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

|  | Exploratory wells(1) |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010 |
|  | Chile |  | Colombia(2) |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |
Productive |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dry |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) Includes appraisal wells.

(2) We acquired Winchester and Luna in February 2012 and Cuerva in March 2012. Figures do not include, for 2012, exploration activities for Winchester, Luna and Cuerva prior to their acquisition by us.

The following table sets forth the development wells we drilled in Chile, Colombia and Argentina during the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

|  | Development wells |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | As of December 31, |
|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010 |
|  | Chile |  | Colombia(1) |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |
Productive |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dry |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) We acquired Winchester and Luna in February 2012 and Cuerva in March 2012. Figures do not include, for 2012, exploration activities for Winchester, Luna and Cuerva prior to their acquisition by us.

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Developed and undeveloped acreage

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our total gross and net developed and undeveloped acreage in Chile, Colombia and Argentina as of December 31, 2012.

|  | Acreage(1) |
--- | --- | --- | ---
(in thousands of acres) |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |
Total developed acreage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | 2.0 |
Net |  |  | 10.5 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 2.0 |
Total undeveloped acreage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |
Total developed and undeveloped acreage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 17.8 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 2.0 |
Net |  |  | 17.8 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 2.0 |

(1) Defined as acreage assignable to productive wells. Net acreage based on our working interest.

Productive wells

The following table sets forth our total gross and net productive wells as of January 14, 2014. Productive wells consist of producing wells and wells capable of producing, including natural gas wells awaiting pipeline connections to commence deliveries and oil wells awaiting connection to production facilities. Gross wells are the total number of producing wells in which we have an interest, and net wells are the sum of our fractional working interests owned in gross wells.

|  | Productive wells(1) |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Chile |  | Colombia(2) |  | Argentina |
Oil wells |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | 70.0 |  |  | 5.0 |
Net |  |  | 42.5 |  |  | 35.6 |  |  | 5.0 |
Gas wells |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 27.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 25.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) Includes wells drilled by other operators, prior to our commencing operations, and wells drilled in blocks in which we are not the operator.

(2) We acquired Winchester and Luna in February 2012 and Cuerva in March 2012. Figures include wells drilled by Winchester, Luna and Cuerva prior to their acquisition by us.

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Present activities

The following table shows the number of wells in Chile, Colombia and Argentina that are in the process of being drilled or are in active completion stages, and the number of wells suspended or waiting on completion as of January 14, 2014.

|  | Wells in process of being drilled or in active completion(1) |  | Wells suspended or waiting on completion(2) |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Chile |  | Colombia(3) |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Colombia(3) |  | Argentina |
Oil wells |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |
Gas wells |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) We consider wells to be in active completion when we have begun procedures used in finishing and equipping them for production.

(2) We consider wells to be waiting on completion when we have completed drilling in such wells but have not yet begun to perform finishing procedures.

(3) We acquired Winchester and Luna in February 2012 and Cuerva in March 2012. Figures include wells drilled by Winchester, Luna and Cuerva prior to their acquisition by us.

Marketing and delivery commitments

Chile

Our customer base in Chile is limited in number and primarily consists of ENAP and Methanex. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we sold 100% of our oil production in Chile to ENAP and 100% of our gas production to Methanex, with sales to ENAP and Methanex accounting for 41.5% and 6.1%, respectively, of our revenues in the same period.

Under our oil sales agreement with ENAP, or the ENAP Oil Sales Agreement, ENAP has committed to purchase our oil production in the Fell Block, but only in the amounts that we produce, and with the only limitation being storage capacity at the Gregorio Terminal. The ENAP Oil Sales Agreement has a six-month term, which renews automatically, with prices determined in reference to published indices such as WTI or Brent. As a consequence, our oil sale prices fluctuate in direct correlation to the global oil market as it reacts to global world supply and demand factors. We are currently negotiating a new ENAP Oil Sales Agreement in order to better define the basis for our oil valuation, which we expect will take effect in the first half of 2014.

ENAP owns the only two refineries in Chile, which are located far from the Magallanes Basin, such that our oil has to be shipped from the Gregorio Terminal in the Magallanes Basin to these refineries. We do not own any oil transportation equipment, so we deliver the oil we produce in the Fell Block to ENAP at the Gregorio Terminal, where ENAP assumes responsibility for the oil. We deduct the costs related to oil transportation from the prices received for our oil.

Under the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement, Methanex has committed to purchasing, and we have committed to selling, all of the gas that we produce in the Fell Block (subject to certain exceptions, including reasonable quantities required to maintain our operations and quantities that we might be required to pay in kind to Chile), with a minimum volume commitment which is defined by us on an annual

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basis. The agreement contains monthly DOP obligations, which require us to deliver in a given month the minimum gas committed for that month or pay a deficiency penalty to Methanex, with a threshold of 90% of the committed quantities of gas. The agreement also contains monthly TOP obligations, which apply when our committed volume for a given month exceeds 35.3 mcfpd, and require Methanex to take in such month the minimum gas volume committed for such period or face higher TOP obligations in later months, with a threshold of 90% of the committed quantities. These DOP and TOP obligations are subject to make-up provisions without penalty, for any delivery or off-take deficiencies accrued, in the three months following the month where delivery or off-take requirements were not met. In 2012, we entered into an amendment to the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement valid for 2012, pursuant to which we committed the drilling of six wells with a target of natural gas, each supported by a subsidy from Methanex of US$0.9 million for each gas well drilled, and to providing an adjusted gas volume for that year. However, we failed to meet this adjusted volume for each of the months of April through September of 2012, and could not recover with make-up gas deliveries, such that we accrued US$1.7 million in DOP payments owed to Methanex under the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement, all of which had been paid as of September 30, 2013. Currently, we are committed to providing to Methanex a total volume of gas of 2.3 bcf for the year ended December 31, 2013.

In April 2013, Methanex idled its plant, but committed to purchasing from us the minimum committed gas volumes under the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement during the idling. The plant resumed operations on September 23, 2013. We also expect that Methanex will require additional deliveries to its plant after the South American winter months.

On August 30, 2013, we signed an amendment to the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement, pursuant to which Methanex has committed, for a period of six months commencing September 15, 2013, to purchase an increased volume, in a total amount of 400,000 SCM/d per month (subject to reduction for deliveries above 200,000 SCM/d to Methanex or ENAP made between April 29 and September 15, 2013), at an additional price per month of US$1.50 per mmbtu for volumes in excess of 180,000 SCM/d, or an additional price per month of US$2.00 per mmbtu in any month in which we commit to deliver at least 500,000 SCM/d (subject to certain exceptions based on methanol prices). The amendment also provides for temporary DOP and TOP thresholds of 100% and 50%, respectively.

All of the oil and gas that we produce in Chile comes from the Fell Block, except for the gas produced in Tierra del Fuego from the Chercán discovery, which is being produced under a long term test at a rate of approximately 3,250 mcfd, and small amounts of test gas produced in the Tranquilo Block authorized by Chile on a short-term basis. See "—Operations in Chile—Otway and Tranquilo Blocks" above. We are also currently exploring opportunities for additional gas production in our Otway, Tranquilo and Tierra del Fuego Blocks. We believe this will be sufficient to meet our obligations pursuant to the Methanex Gas Supply Agreement through 2014.

We gather the gas we produce in several wells through our own flow lines and inject it into several gas pipelines owned by ENAP. The transportation of the gas we sell to Methanex through these pipelines is pursuant to a private contract between Methanex and ENAP. We do not own any principal natural gas pipelines for the transportation of natural gas.

If we were to lose any one of our key customers in Chile, the loss could temporarily delay production and sale of our oil and gas in Chile. If either ENAP or Methanex ceased purchasing oil or natural gas altogether, the loss of such customer could have a detrimental effect on our production volumes in general and on our ability to find substitute customers to purchase our production volumes. For a discussion of the risks associated with the loss of key customers, see "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—We sell all

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of our natural gas in Chile to a single customer, who has in the past temporarily idled its principal facility" and "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—We derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales to a few key customers."

Colombia

Our production in Colombia consists almost exclusively of oil, which is generally sold under medium-term, extendable and terminable agreements with unaffiliated purchasers, all of them industrial companies or other oil and gas companies. Since we do not own capacity in, or have access to, the oil transportation pipelines in Colombia or have any other assets for the transportation of our commodities, we use third parties to transport our production by pipeline or truck.

In Colombia, the restrictions to access pipeline networks, especially for mid to heavy crudes, have forced the market to access different ways of transport and commercialization, reducing our dependency on pipeline infrastructure significantly. For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we sold approximately 70% of our production directly at well heads and approximately 30% to the major oil companies that own capacity in the pipelines. In the first quarter of 2014, we expect that access to the pipeline network will improve upon the commencement of the Bicentenario pipeline, which we expect will add transportation capacity of 100,000 bopd and also open up additional supply opportunities involving reduced trucking costs.

In Colombia, our oil sales agreements are generally for a fixed term, with a maximum length of one year. They do not commit the parties to a minimum volume, and are subject to the ability of either party to receive or deliver production. The contracts generally provide that they can be renewed by mutual written agreement, and all allow for early termination by either party with advanced notice and without penalty. The delivery points for our production range from well head to the port of export (Coveñas), depending on the client; if sales are made via pipeline, the delivery point is usually the pipeline injection point, whereas for direct export sales, the most frequent delivery point is well head. This change in our delivery point reflects the change in 2013 to our commercial strategy in Colombia; whereas we had historically delivered all of our production at the port of Coveñas, in 2013, we started selling a portion of our production at the well head. The price of the oil that we sell under these agreements is based on a market reference price (Brent, WTI or Vasconia), adjusted for certain marketing and quality discounts based on, among other things, API, viscosity, sulphur and water content, as well as for certain transportation costs (including pipeline costs and trucking costs).

For the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013, we made 52.2% of our oil sales to Gunvor, 25.5% to Hocol and 10.5% to Trenaco, with Gunvor accounting for 27.1%, Hocol 13.2% and Trenaco 5.5% of our overall revenues for the same period. If we were to lose any one of our key customers, the loss could temporarily delay production and sale of our oil in the corresponding block. However, we believe we could identify a substitute customer to purchase the impacted production volumes.

Brazil

Upon the closing of our pending Rio das Contas acquisition, which we expect will occur in the first quarter of 2014, our production in Brazil will consist of natural gas and condensate oil. Natural gas production is subject to a long-term, extendable agreement with Petrobras, which provides for the delivery and transportation of the gas produced in the Manati Field to the EVF gas treatment plant in the State of Bahia. The contract is in effect until delivery of the maximum committed volume or June 2030, whichever occurs first. The contract allows for sales above the maximum committed volume if mutually agreed by both seller and buyer. We are currently negotiating an amendment to the contract in order to provide for

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the purchase and sale of additional volumes, pending the closing of the gas compression facility. The price for the gas is fixed in reais and is adjusted annually in accordance with the Brazilian inflation index.

The Manati Field is developed via a PMNT-1 production platform, which is connected to the Estação Vandemir Ferreira, or EVF, gas treatment plant through an offshore and onshore pipeline with a capacity of 335.5 mmcfpd (9.5 mm3/d). The existing pipeline connects the field's platform to the EVF gas treatment plant, which is owned by the field's current concession holders. The BCAM-40 Concession, which includes the Manati Field, also benefits from the advantages of Petrobras's size. As the largest onshore and offshore operator in Brazil, Petrobras has the ability to mobilize the resources necessary to support its activities in the concession.

The condensate produced in the Manati Field is subject to a condensate purchase agreement with Petrobras, pursuant to which Petrobras has committed to purchase all of our condensate production in the Manati Field, but only in the amounts that we produce, without any minimum or maximum deliverable commitment from us. The agreement is valid through December 31, 2013, but can be renewed upon an amendment signed by Petrobras and the seller.

If the agreements with Petrobras were terminated, this could temporarily delay production and sale of our natural gas and condensate oil in Brazil, and could have a detrimental effect on our ability to find substitute customers to purchase our production volumes.

Argentina

In Argentina, we sell substantially all of our oil production to Oil Combustibles, but because the volume we produce in Argentina is small and the sale price is fixed at the moment when all other producers have delivered their product to the Punta Loyola terminal, from which we sell our crude, we do not sell our oil to Oil Combustibles at a predetermined formula or price, but rather on the basis of on-call contracts based on demand.

We have the ability to store and process the oil we produce in Argentina ourselves, and do not have material contracts with third parties for such services. We enter into ad hoc contracts with local companies for the transportation of crude from fields in the Del Mosquito Block to the Punta Loyola terminal.

Significant agreements

Chile

CEOPs

We have entered into six CEOPs with Chile, one for each of the blocks in which we operate, which grant us the right to explore and exploit hydrocarbons in these blocks, determine our working interests in the blocks and appoint the operator of the blocks. These CEOPs are divided into two phases: (1) an exploration phase, which is divided into two or more exploration periods, and which begins on the effectiveness date of the relevant CEOP, and (2) an exploitation phase, which is determined on a per-field basis, commencing on the date we declare a field to be commercially viable and ending with the term of the relevant CEOP. In order to transition from the exploration phase to an exploitation phase, we must declare a discovery of hydrocarbons to the Ministry of Energy. This is a unilateral declaration, which grants us the right to test a field for a limited period of time for commercial viability. If the field proves commercially viable, we must make a further unilateral declaration to the Ministry of Energy. In the exploration phase, we are obligated to fulfill a minimum work commitment, which generally includes the drilling of wells, the performance of 2D or 3D seismic surveys, minimum capital commitments and guaranties or letters of credit, as set forth in the relevant CEOP. We also have relinquishment obligations at the end of each period in the exploration

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phase in respect of those areas in which we have not made a declaration of discovery. We can also voluntarily relinquish areas in which we have not declared discoveries of hydrocarbons at any time, at no cost to us. In the exploitation phase, we generally do not face formal work commitments, other than the development plans we file with the Chilean Ministry of Energy for each field declared to be commercially viable.

Our CEOPs provide us with the right to receive a monthly retribution from Chile, payable in petroleum and gas, based either on the amount of petroleum and gas production per field or on a formula named Recovery Factor, which considers the ratio of hydrocarbon sales to total cost of production (capital expenditures plus operating expenses). Pursuant to Chilean law, the rights contained in a CEOP cannot be modified without consent of the parties.

Our CEOPs are subject to early termination in certain circumstances, which vary depending upon the phase of the CEOP. During the exploration phase, Chile may terminate a CEOP in circumstances including a failure by us to comply with minimum work commitments at the termination of any exploration period, or a failure to communicate our intention to proceed with the next exploration period 30 days prior to its termination, a failure to provide the Chilean Ministry of Energy the performance bonds required under the CEOP, a voluntary relinquishment by us of all areas under the CEOP or a failure by us to meet the requirements to enter into the exploitation phase upon the termination of the exploration phase. In the exploitation phase, Chile may terminate a CEOP if we stop performing any of the substantial obligations assumed under the CEOP without cause and do not cure such nonperformance pursuant to the terms of the concession, following notice of breach from the Chilean Ministry of Energy. Additionally, Chile may terminate the CEOP due to force majeure circumstances (as defined in the relevant CEOP). If Chile terminates a CEOP in the exploitation phase, we must transfer to Chile, free of charge, any productive wells and related facilities, provided that such transfer does not interfere with our abandonment obligations and excluding certain pipelines and other assets. Other than as provided in the relevant CEOP, Chile cannot unilaterally terminate a CEOP without due compensation. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Our contracts in obtaining rights to explore and develop oil and natural gas reserves are subject to contractual expiration dates and operating conditions, and our CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements are subject to early termination in certain circumstances."

Fell Block CEOP. On November 5, 2002, we acquired a percentage of rights and interests of the CEOP for the Fell Block with Chile, or the Fell Block CEOP, and on May 10, 2006, we became the sole owners, with 100% of the rights and interest in the Fell Block CEOP. Chile had originally entered into a CEOP for the Fell Block with ENAP and Cordex Petroleum Inc., or Cordex, on April 29, 1997, which had an effective date of August 25, 1997. The Fell Block CEOP grants us the exclusive right to explore and exploit hydrocarbons in the Fell Block and has a term of 35 years, beginning on the effective date. The Fell Block CEOP provided for a 14-year exploration period, composed of numerous phases, that ended in 2011, and an up-to-35-year exploitation phase for each field.

The Fell Block CEOP provides us with a right to receive a monthly retribution from Chile payable in petroleum and gas, based on the following per-field formula: 95% of the oil produced in the field, for production of up to 5,000 bopd, ring fenced by field, and 97% of gas produced in the field, for production of up to 882.9 mmcfpd. In the event that we exceed these levels of production, our monthly retribution from Chile will decrease based on a sliding scale set forth under the Fell Block CEOP to a maximum of 50% of the oil and 60% of the gas that we produce per field.

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Colombia

E&P Contracts

We have entered into E&P Contracts granting us the right to explore and operate, as well as working interests in, six blocks in Colombia. Additionally, we have applied to the ANH to recognize our economic interest in a seventh Colombian block as a working interest. These E&P Contracts are generally divided into two periods: (1) the exploration period, which may be subdivided into various exploration phases and (2) the exploitation period, determined on a per-area basis and beginning on the date we declare an area to be commercially viable. Commercial viability is determined upon the completion of a specified evaluation program or as otherwise agreed by the parties to the relevant E&P Contract. The exploitation period for an area may be extended until such time as such area is no longer commercially viable and certain other conditions are met.

Pursuant to our E&P Contracts, we are required, as are all oil and gas companies undertaking exploratory and production activities in Colombia, to pay a royalty to the Colombian government based on our production of hydrocarbons, as of the time a field begins to produce. Under Law 756 of 2002, as modified by Law 1530 of 2012, the royalties we must pay in connection with our production of light and medium oil are calculated on a field-by-field basis, using the following sliding scale:

Production (mbop) |  | Production Royalty rate |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Up to 5,000 |  |  | 8% |
5,000 to 125,000 |  |  | 8-20% |
125,000 to 400,000 |  |  | 20% |
400,000 to 600,000 |  |  | 20-25% |
Greater than 600,000 |  |  | 25% |

In the case of natural gas, the royalties are 80% of the rates presented above for the exploitation of onshore and offshore fields at depths less than or equal to 304.8 meters, and 60% for the exploitation of offshore fields at depths exceeding 304.8 meters. For new discoveries of heavy oil, classified as oil with an API equal to or less than 15°, the royalties are 75% of the rates presented above. Additionally, in the event that an exploitation area has produced amounts in excess of an aggregate amount established in the E&P Contract governing such area, the ANH is entitled to receive a "windfall profit," to be paid periodically, calculated pursuant to such E&P Contract.

In each of the exploration and exploitation periods, we are also obligated to pay the ANH a subsoil use fee. During the exploration period, this fee is scaled depending on the contracted acreage. During the exploitation period, the fee is assessed on the amount of hydrocarbons produced, multiplied by a specified dollar amount per barrel of oil produced or thousand cubic feet of gas produced. Further, the ANH has the right to receive an additional fee when prices for oil or gas, as the case may be, exceed the prices set forth in the relevant E&P Contract.

Our E&P Contracts are generally subject to early termination for a breach by the parties, a default declaration, application of any of the contract's unilateral termination clauses or termination clauses mandated by Colombian law. Anticipated termination declared by the ANH results in the immediate enforcement of monetary guaranties against us and may result in an action for damages by the ANH. Pursuant to Colombian law, if certain conditions are met, the anticipated termination declared by the ANH may also result in a restriction on the ability to engage contracts with the Colombian government during a certain period of time. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Our contracts in obtaining rights to explore and develop oil and natural gas reserves are subject to contractual expiration dates and operating

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conditions, and our CEOPs, E&P Contracts and concession agreements are subject to early termination in certain circumstances."

La Cuerva Block E&P Contract. Pursuant to an E&P Contract between us and the ANH that became effective as of April 16, 2008, or the La Cuerva Block E&P Contract, we were granted the right to explore and operate, and a 100% working interest in, the La Cuerva Block.

We are currently in the fifth phase of exploration under the La Cuerva Block E&P Contract. The exploration period has six phases and terminates on July 16, 2014. Each exploration period requires a guaranty of 10% of the total budget for the corresponding exploration period or post-exploration period (but such amount must be at least US$100,000 and may not exceed US$3 million). Production began in the west, southwest and southern areas of the block on December 13, 2011, February 15, 2012 and April 23, 2012, respectively. The La Cuerva Block E&P Contract provides for a 24-year exploitation period for each area in the La Cuerva Block, beginning from the date such area is declared commercially viable.

Pursuant to the La Cuerva Block E&P Contract and applicable law, we are required to pay to the ANH a royalty of at least 8.0% based on hydrocarbons produced, in accordance with the table presented above. Additionally, we are required to pay a subsoil use fee to the ANH, which, during the exploration period, is scaled depending upon the contracted acreage, and which, during the exploitation period, is equivalent to the amount of oil we produce multiplied by US$0.1119 per bbl or the amount of natural gas we produce multiplied by US$0.0119 per mcf. The ANH also has the right to receive an additional fee when prices for oil or gas, as the case may be, exceed the prices set forth in the La Cuerva Block E&P Contract.

Llanos 34 Block E&P Contract. Pursuant to an E&P Contract between Unión Temporal Llanos 34 (a consortium between Ramshorn and Winchester) and the ANH that became effective as of March 13, 2009, or the Llanos 34 Block E&P Contract, Unión Temporal Llanos 34 was granted the right to explore and operate the Llanos 34 Block, and we and Ramshorn were granted a 40% and a 60% working interest, respectively, in the Llanos 34 Block. We were also granted the right to operate the Llanos 34 Block. On December 16, 2009, we entered into a joint operating agreement with Ramshorn and P1 Energy in respect of our operations in the block. On August 31, 2012, the ANH approved the assignment by Ramshorn to us of an additional 5% working interest, giving Ramshorn a 55% working interest and us a 45% working interest in the Llanos 34 Block.

We are currently in the exploration period of the Llanos 34 Block E&P Contract. The contract provides for a six-year exploration period, consisting of two three-year phases, which can be extended for up to six additional months to allow for the completion of exploration activities. The Llanos 34 Block E&P Contract provides for a 24-year exploitation period for each commercial area, beginning on the date on which such area is declared commercially viable. The exploitation period may be extended for periods of up to 10 years at a time, until such time as the area is no longer commercially viable and certain conditions are met. We have presented evaluation programs to the ANH for the Max and Túa Fields, which expire on September 15, 2014 and October 18, 2014, respectively.

Pursuant to the Llanos 34 Block E&P Contract and applicable law, we are required to pay to the ANH a royalty based on hydrocarbons produced in the Llanos 34 Block. In the Max Field, we pay the ANH a royalty of at least 6.0%, and in the Túa Field, we pay a royalty of at least 8.0%. Additionally, we are required to pay a subsoil use fee to the ANH, which, during the exploration period, is scaled depending on the contracted acreage, and which, during the exploitation period, is equivalent to the amount of oil we produce multiplied by US$0.1162 per bbl or the amount of natural gas we produce multiplied by US$0.01162 per mcf. The ANH also has the right to receive an additional fee when prices for oil or gas, as

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the case may be, exceed the prices set forth in the Llanos 34 Block E&P Contract. The ANH also has an additional economic right equivalent to 1% of production, net of royalties.

Winchester and Luna Stock Purchase Agreement

Pursuant to the stock purchase agreement entered into on February 10, 2012 with Darlan S.A., Bonanza Ventures, Inc., Winamac Holdings Inc. and Realstep Overseas Inc., as the Sellers, or the Winchester Stock Purchase Agreement, we agreed to pay the Sellers a total consideration of US$30.0 million, adjusted for working capital. Additionally, under the terms of the Winchester Stock Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to make certain payments to the Sellers based on the production and sale of hydrocarbons discovered by exploration wells drilled after October 25, 2011. The agreement provides that we make a quarterly payment to the Sellers in an amount equal to 14% of Adjusted Revenue (as defined under the agreement) from any new discoveries of oil, up to the maximum earn-out amount of US$35.0 million (net of Colombian taxes). Once the maximum earn-out amount is reached, we will pay the Sellers quarterly overriding royalties in an amount equal to 6% of our net revenues from any new discoveries of oil.

Cuerva purchase and sale agreement

Pursuant to the purchase and sale agreement dated March 26, 2012 between Hupecol Cuerva Holdings LLC, as the Seller, and us, we agreed to pay to the Seller a total consideration of US$75 million, adjusted for working capital.

Brazil

Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement

Pursuant to the Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement we entered into on May 14, 2013, we agreed to acquire from Panoro all of the quotas issued by Rio das Contas for a purchase price of US$140.0 million (subject to working capital adjustments at closing and further earn-out payments, if any) upon satisfaction of certain conditions. With respect to the earn-out payments, the Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement provides that during the calendar periods beginning on January 1, 2013 and ending as late as December 31, 2017, we will make annual earn out payments to Panoro in an amount equal to 45% of "net cash flow," calculated as EBITDA less the aggregate of capital expenditures and corporate income taxes, with respect to the BCAM-40 Concession of any amounts in excess of US$25.0 million, up to a maximum cumulative earn-out amount of US$20.0 million in a five-year period. Once the maximum earn-out amount is reached or the five-year period has elapsed, no further earn-out amounts will be payable.

The closing of the acquisition is subject to the occurrence of certain conditions, including obtaining ANP approvals. Failure to obtain such approvals within nine months from the date of the Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement may result in termination of the agreement. However, if such approvals have not been obtained within nine months, either we or the Seller may extend the nine-month period for an additional three-month period, in which scenario the purchase price shall accrue an interest rate of 4% per annum, as from the relevant extension date and until the actual closing date.

Overview of concession agreements

The Brazilian oil and gas industry is governed mainly by the Brazilian Petroleum Law, which provides for the granting of concessions to operate petroleum and gas fields in Brazil, subject to oversight by the ANP. A concession agreement is divided into two phases: (1) exploration and (2) development and production. The exploration phase, which is further divided into two subsequent exploratory periods, the first of which begins on the date of execution of the concession agreement, can last from three to eight years (subject to earlier termination upon the total return of the concession area or the declaration of commercial viability with respect to a given area), while the development and production phase, which begins for each field on

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the date a declaration of commercial viability is submitted to the ANP, can last up to 27 years. Upon each declaration of commercial viability, a concessionaire must submit to the ANP a development plan for the field within 180 days. The concessions may be renewed for an additional period equal to their original term if renewal is requested with at least 12 months' notice, and provided that a default under the concession agreement has not occurred and is then continuing. Even if obligations have been fulfilled under the concession agreement and the renewal request was appropriately filed, renewal of the concession is subject to the discretion of the ANP.

The main terms and conditions of a concession agreement are set forth in Article 43 of the Brazilian Petroleum Law, and include: (1) definition of the concession area; (2) validity and terms for exploration and production activities; (3) conditions for the return of concession areas; (4) guarantees to be provided by the concessionaire to ensure compliance with the concession agreement, including required investments during each phase; (5) penalties in the event of noncompliance with the terms of the concession agreement; (6) procedures related to the assignment of the agreement; and (7) rules for the return and vacancy of areas, including removal of equipment and facilities and the return of assets. Assignments of participation interests in a concession are subject to the approval of the ANP, and the replacement of a performance guarantee is treated as an assignment.

The main rights of the concessionaires (including us in our concession agreements) are: (1) the exclusive right of drilling and production in the concession area; (2) the ownership of the hydrocarbons produced; (3) the right to sell the hydrocarbons produced; and (4) the right to export the hydrocarbons produced. However, a concession agreement set forth that, in the event of a risk of a fuel supply shortage in Brazil, the concessionaire must fulfill the needs of the domestic market. In order to ensure the domestic supply, the Brazilian Petroleum Law granted the ANP the power to control the export of oil, natural gas and oil products.

Among the main obligations of the concessionaire are: (1) the assumption of costs and risks related to the exploration and production of hydrocarbons, including responsibility for environmental damages; (2) compliance with the requirements relating to acquisition of assets and services from domestic suppliers; (3) compliance with the requirements relating to execution of the minimum exploration program proposed in the winning bid; (4) activities for the conservation of reservoirs; (5) periodic reporting to the ANP; (6) payments for government participation; and (7) responsibility for the costs associated with the deactivation and abandonment of the facilities in accordance with Brazilian law and best practices in the oil industry.

A concessionaire is required to pay to the Brazilian government the following:

•
  a license fee;
•
  rent for the occupation or retention of areas;
•
  a special participation fee;
•
  royalties; and
•
  taxes.

Rental fees for the occupation and maintenance of the concession areas are payable annually. For purposes of calculating these fees, the ANP takes into consideration factors such as the location and size of the relevant concession, the sedimentary basin and the geological characteristics of the relevant concession.

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A special participation fee is an extraordinary charge that concessionaires must pay in the event of obtaining high production volumes and/or profitability from oil fields, according to criteria established by applicable regulations, and is payable on a quarterly basis for each field from the date on which extraordinary production occurs. This participation fee, whenever due, varies between 0% and 40% of net revenues depending on (1) the volume of production and (2) whether the concession is onshore or in shallow water or deepwater. Under the Brazilian Petroleum Law and applicable regulations issued by the ANP, the special participation fee is calculated based on the quarterly net revenues of each field, which consist of gross revenues calculated using reference prices established by the ANP (reflecting international prices and the exchange rate for the period) less:

•
  royalties paid;
•
  investment in exploration;
•
  operational costs; and
•
  depreciation adjustments and applicable taxes.

The Brazilian Petroleum Law also requires that the concessionaire of onshore fields pay to the landowners a special participation fee that varies between 0.5% to 1.0% of the net operational income originated by the field production.

BCAM-40 Concession Agreement. On August 6, 1998, the ANP and Petrobras executed the concession agreement governing the BCAM-40 Concession, or the BCAM-40 Concession Agreement, following the first round of bidding, referred to as Bid Round Zero, under the regime established by the Brazilian Petroleum Law. The exploration phase will end in November 2029. On September 11, 2009, Petrobras announced the termination of BCAM-40 Concession's exploration phase and the return of the exploratory area of the concession to the ANP, except for the Manati Field and the Camarão Norte Field.

Under the BCAM-40 Concession Agreement, the ANP is entitled to a monthly royalty corresponding to 7.5% of the production of oil and natural gas in the concession area. In addition, in case the special participation fee of 10% shall be applicable for a field in any quarter of the calendar year, the concessionaire is obliged to make qualified research and development investments equivalent to one percent of the field's gross revenue. Area retention payments are also applicable under the concession agreement.

Pursuant to the Rio das Contas Quota Purchase Agreement, we have agreed to acquire Rio das Contas's 10% participation interest in the BCAM-40 Concession. The assignment of Rio das Contas's 10% working interest is subject to the approval of the ANP, among other approvals.

Round 11 concession agreements. Additionally, on May 14, 2013, following the eleventh round of bidding pursuant to the Brazilian Petroleum Law, we were awarded seven new exploratory licenses in Brazil in the REC-T 94 and REC-T 85 Concessions in the Recôncavo Basin in the State of Bahia and the POT-T 664, POT-T 665, POT-T 619, POT-T 620 and POT-T 663 Concessions in the Potiguar Basin in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. We have entered into seven concession agreements, which we collectively refer to as the Round 11 Concession Agreements, with the ANP on September 17, 2013, for the right to exploit the oil and natural gas in these seven new license areas. We have paid to the ANP a license fee in the amount of R$10.2 million (approximately US$4.2 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00), consisting of R$7.2 million (approximately US$3.0 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) for the REC-T 94 and REC-T 85 Concessions and R$3.0 million (approximately US$1.2 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) for the POT-T 664, POT-T

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665, POT-T 619, POT-T 620 and POT-T 663 Concessions, and provide to the ANP financial guarantees in the amount of R$20.4 million (approximately US$8.4 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00), consisting of R$12.1 million (approximately US$5.0 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) for the REC-T 94 and REC-T 85 Concessions and R$8.3 million (approximately US$3.4 million, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) for the POT-T 664, POT-T 665, POT-T 619, POT-T 620 and POT-T 663 Concessions, to secure our obligations under the Minimum Exploratory Programs, or PEMs, for the first exploratory period of the concessions.

Under the Round 11 Concession Agreements, the ANP is entitled to a monthly royalty corresponding to 10% of the production of oil and natural gas in the concession area, in addition to the special participation fee described above, the payment for the occupation of the concession area of approximately R$7,600 (approximately US$3,100, at the January 31, 2014 exchange rate of R$2.4263 to US$1.00) per year and the payment to the owners of the land of the concession equivalent to one percent of the oil and natural gas produced in the concession area.

Overview of consortium agreements

A consortium agreement is a standard document describing consortium members' respective percentages of participation and appointment of the operator. It generally provides for joint execution of oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities in each of the concession areas. These agreements set forth the allocation of expenses for each of the parties with respect to their respective participation interests in the concession. The agreements are supplemented by joint operating agreements, which are private instruments that typically regulate the aggregation of funds, the sharing of costs, mitigation of operational risks, preemptive rights and the operator's activities.

An important characteristic of the consortia for exploration and production of oil and natural gas that differs from other consortia (Article 278, paragraph 1, of the Brazilian Corporate Law) is the joint liability among consortium members as established in the Brazilian Petroleum Law (Article 38, item II).

BCAM-40 Consortium Agreement. On January 14, 2000, the consortium formed by Petrobras, QG Perfurações and Petroserv entered into a consortium agreement, or the BCAM-40 Consortium Agreement, for the performance of the BCAM-40 Concession Agreement. Petrobras is the operator of the BCAM-40 concession, with a 35% participation interest. QGEP, Brasoil and Rio das Contas have a 45%, 10% and 10% participation interest, respectively. The BCAM-40 Consortium Agreement has a specified term of 40 years, terminating on January 14, 2040 and, at the time the obligations undertaken in the agreement are fully completed, the parties will have the right to terminate it. The BCAM-40 Block consortium has also entered into a joint operating agreement, which sets out the rights and obligations of the parties in respect of the operations in the concession.

Petrobras Natural Gas Purchase Agreement

QGEP, Rio das Contas, Brasoil and Petrobras are party to a natural gas purchase agreement providing for the sale of natural gas by QGEP, Rio das Contas and Brasoil to Petrobras, in an amount of 812 bcf over the term of agreement. The Petrobras Natural Gas Purchase Agreement is valid until the earlier of Petrobras's receipt of this total contractual quantity or June 30, 2030. The agreement may not be fully or partially assigned except upon execution of an assignment agreement with the written consent of the other parties, which consent may not be unreasonably withheld provided that certain prerequisites have been met.

The agreement provides for the provision of "daily contractual quantities" to Petrobras, in the following amounts: from the first year through the end of the fourth year under the contract, 211.9 mmcfpd; from the beginning of the fifth year through the end of the ninth year, 141.3 mmcfpd; and from the beginning of

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the tenth year through the end of the contract, 141.3 mmcfpd or such smaller quantity as stipulated by the parties, to take into account the Manati Field's depletion. Pursuant to the agreement, the base price is denominated in reais and is adjusted annually for inflation pursuant to the general index of market prices (IGPM). Additionally, the gas price applicable on a given day is subject to reduction as a result of the gas quantity acquired by Petrobras above the volume of the annual TOP commitment (85% of the daily contracted quantity) in effect on such day.

The Petrobras Natural Gas Purchase Agreement provides that if the Manati Field's daily production capacity is less than the amount of the applicable daily contractual quantity, gas sales shall be made exclusively to Petrobras, with any sales to third parties subject to a penalty. If the field's production is above the applicable daily contractual quantity, the agreement provides that Petrobras must first be offered to purchase the excess amount of gas.

Petrobras Natural Gas Condensate Purchase Agreement

On January 1, 2012, Rio das Contas and Petrobras entered into an agreement, or the Petrobras Natural Gas Condensate Purchase Agreement, for the sale to Petrobras of Rio das Contas's share of the total volume of natural gas condensate to be produced in the Manati Field. The agreement was amended on January 1, 2014 to extend its term to December 31, 2014. The agreement is renewed on a yearly basis and takes into consideration market factors that affect the production and sale of gas.

Pursuant to the agreement, for each liquid barrel of condensed natural gas sold by Rio das Contas, Petrobras will pay the monthly arithmetic average of the averages of the daily prices for the "BRENT DTD" barrel, as published by Platt's Crude Oil Marketwire, subject to a discount of $2.87 per barrel.

Any assignment of a party's interest under the agreement requires the other party's prior written consent.

Argentina

Overview of exploitation concessions

As the concession holder of three concessions in Argentina—the Del Mosquito Concession, the Cerro Doña Juana Concession and the Loma Cortaderal Concession—we are subject to numerous restrictions and fees related to hydrocarbon production and foreign markets. For example, the domestic oil and gas market in Argentina has supply privileges favoring the domestic market, to the detriment of the export market, including hydrocarbon export restrictions, domestic price controls, export duties and domestic market supply obligations. We are also subject to certain foreign currency retention restrictions. We must comply with central bank registration requirements, maintain a minimum one-year residency in Argentina and comply with central bank registration requirements, including the requirement that 30% of all funds remitted to Argentina remain deposited in a domestic financial institution for one year without yielding interest unless such funds are proven invested in exploration and production or meet other limited requirements, as established under Presidential Decree 616/2005. We are also subject to certain export duties under each of the concessions (in particular, to a 20% duty on gas exports, as established under Presidential Decree 645/2004) and an up-to-45% duty on oil exports, depending on oil prices, as established under Resolution 394/2007 of the Argentine Secretary of Energy.

In general, our Argentina concession agreements for the Del Mosquito, Cerro Doña Juana and Loma Cortaderal Blocks grant us the exclusive right to produce, explore and develop hydrocarbons in these blocks, as well as the right to receive a transportation concession to build unused pipelines or other transportation facilities beyond the boundaries of the concessions for 35 years. The term of each of these concessions is 25 years, with an optional extension of up to 10 years. There is no minimum work or investment commitment under any of the concessions other than the general requirement to make needed

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investments to develop the entire acreage of the concession, though the Argentine Secretary of Energy takes into account all work and investment undertaken when determining whether to grant an extension of the concession term. Work and investment programs for the concessions are required to be presented annually to the incumbent Provincial State enforcement authority, the Argentine Secretary of Energy and the Strategic Planning and Coordination Committee for the National Hydrocarbon Investment Plan.

Under the terms of our concession agreements, we are entitled to 100% of production, with no governmental participation. We are also required, under Argentine law, to pay royalties to certain Argentine provinces, at a rate of 12% on both oil and gas sales. In addition to this 12% royalty, we are also required to pay additional royalties ranging from 2.5% to 8%, pursuant to private royalty agreements we have entered into. We also pay annual surface rental fees established under hydrocarbons law 17.319 and Resolution 588/98 of the Argentine Secretary of Energy and Decree 1454/2007, and certain landowner fees.

Our Argentine concession agreements have no change of control provisions, though any assignment of these concessions is subject to the prior authorization by the executive branch of the incumbent Provincial State. For the four years prior to the expiration of each of these concessions, the concession holder must provide technical and commercial justifications for leaving any inactive and non-producing wells unplugged. Each of these concessions can be terminated for default in payment obligations and/or breach of material statutory or regulatory obligations. We may also voluntarily relinquish acreage to the Argentine authorities. For example, in November 2012, we voluntarily relinquished approximately 102,500 non-producing gross acres in the Del Mosquito Block to the Argentine authorities, which relinquishment is currently subject to approval by the authorities of the province of Santa Cruz and the completion of certain environmental audits.

Our Argentine concessions are governed by the laws of Argentina and the resolution of any disputes must be sought in the Federal Courts, although provincial courts may have jurisdiction over certain matters.

Agreements with LGI

LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements

In 2010, we formed a strategic partnership with LGI to jointly acquire and develop upstream oil and gas projects in South America. In 2011, LGI acquired a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Chile and a 14% equity interest in GeoPark TdF, for a total consideration of US$148.0 million, plus additional equity funding of US$18.0 million over the following three years. On May 20, 2011, in connection with LGI's investment in GeoPark Chile, we and LGI entered into a shareholders' agreement (as amended on July 4, 2011, the GeoPark Chile Shareholders' Agreement) and a subscription agreement (as amended on July 4, 2011 and October 4, 2011, in connection with LGI's investment in GeoPark TdF, the GeoPark TdF Subscription Agreement, and, together with the GeoPark Chile Shareholders' Agreement, the LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements), setting forth our and LGI's respective rights and obligations in connection with LGI's investment in our Chilean oil and gas business.

The respective boards of each of GeoPark Chile and GeoPark TdF supervise their day-to-day operations. Each of these boards has four directors. As long as LGI holds at least 5% of the voting shares of GeoPark Chile, LGI has the right to elect one director and such director's alternate, and the remaining directors, and alternates, are elected by us. As long as LGI holds at least 5% of the voting shares of GeoPark TdF, LGI has the right to elect one director and such director's alternate, and the remaining directors, and alternates, are elected by GeoPark Chile.

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The LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements require the consent of LGI or the LGI appointed director in order for GeoPark Chile and GeoPark TdF, as the case may be, to take certain actions, including, among others:

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  making any decision to terminate or permanently or indefinitely suspend operations in or surrender our blocks in Chile (other than as required under the terms of the relevant CEOP for such blocks);
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  selling our blocks in Chile to our affiliates;
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  any change to the dividend, voting or other rights that would give preference to or discriminate against the shareholders of GeoPark Chile and GeoPark TdF;
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  entering into certain related party transactions; and
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  creating a security interest over our blocks in Chile (other than in connection with a financing that benefits our Chilean subsidiaries).

The LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements provide that if LGI or either Agencia or GeoPark Chile decides to sell its shares in GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as the case may be, the transferring shareholder must make an offer to sell those shares to the other shareholder before selling those shares to a third party. In addition, any sale to a third party is subject to tag-along and drag-along rights, and the non-transferring shareholder has the right to object to a sale to the third party if it considers such third party to be not of a good reputation or one of our direct competitors. Under the LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements, we and LGI have also agreed to vote our common shares or otherwise cause GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as the case may be, to declare dividends only after allowing for retentions to meet anticipated future investments, costs and obligations. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—LGI, our strategic partner in Chile and Colombia, may sell its interest in our Chilean and Colombian operations to a third party or may not consent to our taking certain actions."

LGI Colombia Agreements

In December 2012, we and LGI agreed that we would extend our strategic partnership to build a portfolio of upstream oil and gas assets throughout South America through 2015. On December 18, 2012, LGI agreed to acquire a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Colombia for a total consideration of US$20.1 million composed of a US$14.9 million capital contribution, a US$4.9 million loan to GeoPark Colombia and miscellaneous reimbursements. Concurrently, we and LGI entered into a shareholders' agreement, the LGI Colombia Shareholders' Agreement, setting forth our and LGI's respective obligations in connection with LGI's investment in our Colombian oil and gas business, and LGI and Winchester (now GeoPark S.A.S.) entered into a loan agreement, whereby, upon the closing of LGI's subscription of shares in GeoPark Colombia, LGI granted a credit line (of which US$4.9 million was drawn at closing) to Winchester (now GeoPark S.A.S.) of up to US$12.0 million, to be used for the acquisition, development and operation of oil and gas assets in Colombia. Further, on January 8, 2014, following an internal corporate reorganization of our Colombian operations, GeoPark Colombia Coöperatie U.A. and GeoPark Latin America entered into a new members' agreement with LGI, or the LGI Colombia Members' Agreement, that sets out substantially similar rights and obligations to the LGI Colombia Shareholders' Agreement in respect of our oil and gas business in Colombia. We refer to the LGI Colombia Shareholders' Agreement and the LGI Colombia Members' Agreement collectively as the LGI Colombia Agreements.

GeoPark Colombia's board supervises its day-to-day operations. GeoPark Colombia has four directors. As long as LGI holds at least 14% of the voting shares of GeoPark Colombia, LGI has the right to elect one director and such director's alternate, and the remaining directors and alternates are elected by us.

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Under the LGI Colombia Agreements, LGI agreed to assume its share of the existing debt of GeoPark Colombia and to provide additional funding to cover LGI's share of required future investments in Colombia. In addition, we can earn back up to 12% additional equity interests in GeoPark Colombia depending on the success of our Colombian operations.

The LGI Colombia Agreements require the consent of LGI or the LGI-appointed director for GeoPark Colombia to take certain actions, including, among others:

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  making any decision to terminate or permanently or indefinitely suspend operations in or surrender our blocks in Colombia (other than as required under the terms of the relevant concessions for such blocks);
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  creating of a security interest over our blocks in Colombia;
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  approving of GeoPark Colombia's annual budget and work programs and the mechanisms for funding any such budget or program;
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  entering into of any borrowings other than those provided in an approved budget or incurred in the ordinary course of business to finance working capital needs;
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  granting any guarantee or indemnity to secure liabilities of parties other than those of our Colombian subsidiaries;
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  changing the dividend, voting or other rights that would give preference to or discriminate against the shareholders of GeoPark Colombia;
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  entering into certain related party transactions; and
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  disposing of any material assets other than those provided for in an approved budget and work program.

We have also agreed to ensure that the board of directors and rules and management of our other subsidiaries engaged in our Colombian oil and gas business are subject to the same principles and restrictions outlined above.

The LGI Colombia Agreements provide that if either we or LGI decide to sell our respective shares in GeoPark Colombia, the transferring shareholder must make an offer to sell those shares to the other shareholder before selling those shares to a third party. In addition, any sale to a third party is subject to tag-along and drag-along rights, and the non-transferring shareholder has the right to object to a sale to the third party if it considers such third party to be not of a good reputation or one of our direct competitors.

Under the LGI Colombia Agreements, we and LGI have agreed to vote our common shares or otherwise cause GeoPark Colombia to declare dividends only after allowing for retentions for approved work programs and budgets and capital adequacy requirements of GeoPark Colombia, working capital requirements, banking covenants associated with any loan entered into by GeoPark Colombia or our other Colombian subsidiaries and operational requirements. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—LGI, our strategic partner in Chile and Colombia, may sell its interest in our Chilean and Colombian operations to a third party or may not consent to our taking certain actions."

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Title to properties

In each of the countries in which we operate, the state is the exclusive owner of all hydrocarbon resources located in such country and has full authority to determine the rights, royalties or compensation to be paid by private investors for the exploration or production of any hydrocarbon reserves. In Chile, the Republic of Chile grants such rights through a CEOP. In Colombia, the Republic of Colombia grants such rights through E&P Contracts or contracts of association. In Argentina, the Argentine Republic grants such rights through exploitation concessions. In Brazil, the Federative Republic of Brazil grants such rights pursuant to concession agreements. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to the countries in which we operate—Oil and natural gas companies in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina do not own any of the oil and natural gas reserves in such countries." Other than as specified in this prospectus, we believe that we have satisfactory rights to exploit or benefit economically from the oil and gas reserves in the blocks in which we have an interest in accordance with standards generally accepted in the international oil and gas industry. Our CEOPs, E&P Contracts, contracts of association, exploitation concessions and concession agreements are subject to customary royalty and other interests, liens under operating agreements and other burdens, restrictions and encumbrances customary in the oil and gas industry that we believe do not materially interfere with the use of or affect the carrying value of our interests. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—We are not, and may not be in the future, the sole owner or operator of all of our licensed areas and do not, and may not in the future, hold all of the working interests in certain of our licensed areas. Therefore, we may not be able to control the timing of exploration or development efforts, associated costs, or the rate of production of any non-operated and, to an extent, any non-wholly-owned, assets."

Our customers

In Chile, our primary customers are ENAP and Methanex. As of September 30, 2013, ENAP purchased all of our oil and condensate production and Methanex purchased all of our natural gas production in Chile, and represented 41.5% and 6.1%, respectively, of our total revenues for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. Our contract with ENAP is automatically renewed for six-month terms, with oil pricing based on international market prices. Our contract with Methanex is a long-term contract subject to take-or-pay and deliver-or-pay provisions, with the price of natural gas based on the international market prices for methanol. In Colombia, our primary customers are Gunvor, Hocol, Trenaco and Perenco, who purchase our production through short-term contracts, and who represented 27.1%, 13.2%, 5.5% and 5.2%, respectively, of our total revenues for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. In Argentina, our primary customer is Oil Combustibles, representing 0.4% of our total revenues for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013. In Brazil, our primary customer is expected to be Petrobras following the completion of our Brazil Acquisitions.

Seasonality

Although there is some historical seasonality to the prices that we receive for our production, the impact of such seasonality has not been material. Additionally, seasonality does not play a significant role in our ability to conduct our operations, including drilling and completion activities. Although in winter months, it is more difficult or even impossible to conduct certain of our operations, such as seismic work, we take such seasonality into account in planning for and conducting our operations, such that the impact on our overall business is not material.

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Our competition

The oil and gas industry is competitive, and we may encounter strong competition from other independent operators and from major oil companies in acquiring and developing licenses. In Chile, we partner with and sell to, and may from time to time compete with, ENAP and, to a lesser extent, some companies with operations in Argentina mentioned below. In Colombia, we partner with and sell to, and may from time to time compete with, Ecopetrol, as well as with privately-owned companies such as Pacific Rubiales, Gran Tierra, Petrominerales, Parex and Canacol, among others. In Brazil, we expect to partner with and sell to, and may from time to time compete with, Petrobras, privately-owned companies such as HRT, QGEP, Brasoil and some of the Colombian companies mentioned above, which have entered into Brazil, among others. In Argentina, we compete for resources with YPF, as well as with privately-owned companies such as Pan American Energy, Pluspetrol, Tecpetrol, Chevron, Wintershall, Total, Sinopec and others.

Many of these competitors have financial and technical resources and personnel substantially larger than ours. As a result, our competitors may be able to pay more for desirable oil and natural gas assets, or to evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of licenses than our financial or personnel resources will permit. Furthermore, these companies may also be better able to withstand the financial pressures of unsuccessful wells, sustained periods of volatility in financial and commodities markets and generally adverse global and industry-wide economic conditions, and may be better able to absorb the burdens resulting from changes in relevant laws and regulations, which may adversely affect our competitive position. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Competition in the oil and natural gas industry is intense, which makes it difficult for us to acquire properties and prospects, market oil and natural gas and secure trained personnel."

We are also affected by competition for drilling rigs and the availability of related equipment. Higher commodity prices generally increase the demand for drilling rigs, supplies, services, equipment and crews, and can lead to shortages of, and increasing costs for, drilling equipment, services and personnel. Over the past several years, oil and natural gas companies have experienced higher drilling and operating costs. Shortages of, or increasing costs for, experienced drilling crews and equipment and services could restrict our ability to drill wells and conduct our operations.

Health, safety and environmental matters

General

We and our operations are subject to various stringent and complex international, federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations in the countries in which we operate governing matters including the emission and discharge of pollutants into the ground, air or water; the generation, storage, handling, use and transportation of regulated materials; and human health and safety. These laws and regulations may, among other things:

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  require the acquisition of various permits or other authorizations or the preparation of environmental assessments, studies or plans (such as well closure plans) before seismic or drilling activity commences;
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  enjoin some or all of the operations of facilities deemed not in compliance with permits;
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  restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with oil and natural gas drilling, production and transportation activities;
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  require establishing and maintaining bonds, reserves or other commitments to plug and abandon wells;

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•
  limit or prohibit seismic and drilling activities in certain locations lying within or near protected or otherwise sensitive areas; and
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  require remedial measures to mitigate or remediate pollution from our operations, which, if not undertaken, could subject us to substantial penalties.

These laws and regulations may also restrict the rate of oil and natural gas production below the rate that would otherwise be possible. Compliance with these laws can be costly. The regulatory burden on the oil and gas industry increases the cost of doing business in the industry and consequently affects profitability.

Moreover, public interest in the protection of the environment continues to increase. Drilling in some areas has been opposed by certain community and environmental groups and, in other areas, has been restricted. Our operations could be adversely affected to the extent laws are enacted or other governmental action is taken that prohibits or restricts seismic or drilling activities or imposes environmental requirements that result in increased costs to the oil and gas industry in general, such as more stringent or costly waste handling, disposal or cleanup requirements.

Climate change

Our operations and the combustion of oil and natural gas-based products results in the emission of greenhouse gases, which may contribute to global climate change. Climate change regulation has gained momentum in recent years internationally and at the federal, regional, state and local levels. On the international level, various nations have committed to reducing their greenhouse gas emissions pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol was set to expire in 2012. In late 2011, an international climate change conference in Durban, South Africa resulted in, among other things, an agreement to negotiate a new climate change regime by 2015 that would aim to cover all major greenhouse gas emitters worldwide, including the U.S., and take effect by 2020. In November and December 2012, at an international meeting held in Doha, Qatar, the Kyoto Protocol was extended by amendment until 2020. In addition, the Durban agreement to develop the protocol's successor by 2015 and implement it by 2020 was reinforced.

Other regulation of the oil and gas industry

Chile

Companies in the oil and gas sector, like all Chilean companies, must comply with the general principles concerning employee health and safety laws that are contained in the Chilean Labor Code and other labor statutes. The Chilean Ministry of Labor is responsible for the enforcement of those standards, with the authority to impose fines. In addition, the Health Department of the Ministry of Health has the responsibility to monitor compliance and also the authority to impose fines and stop operations of health and safety violators.

Regarding environmental matters, the Chilean Constitution grants all citizens the right to live in a pollution-free environment. It further provides that other constitutional rights may be limited in order to protect the environment. Chile has numerous laws, regulations, decrees and municipal ordinances relating to environmental protection, pursuant to which specific approvals, consents and permits may be required in order to perform activities that may affect the environment.

The General Environmental Law (Law No. 19,300), enacted in March 1994 and modified in 2010 by Law No. 20,417, establishes a framework for environmental regulation in Chile, which has become increasingly stringent in recent years. Recent amendments include, among others, the creation of a new institutional framework composed of: (1) the Ministry of Environment (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente); (2) the Council of Ministers for Sustainability (Consejo de Ministros para la Sustentabilidad); (3) the Environmental

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Assessment Service (Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental); and (4) the Superintendency of the Environment (Superintendencia del Medio Ambiente), all of which are in charge of regulating, assessing and enforcing activities that could have an environmental impact.

The new institutions and regulatory framework are likely to result in additional restrictions or costs on us relating to environmental litigation and protection of the environment, particularly those related to plant and animal life, wildlife protected areas, water quality standards, air emissions and soil pollution. In addition, violations of these environmental regulations may lead to fines, the closure of facilities and the revocation of environmental approvals. The General Environmental Law and its regulations entitle the Chilean government, through the Superintendency of the Environment, to: (1) bring administrative and judicial proceedings against companies that violate environmental laws; (2) close non-complying facilities; (3) revoke required operating licenses; and (iv) impose sanctions and fines when companies act negligently, recklessly or deliberately in connection with environmental matters.

The sanction procedures and environmental liability claims derived from environmental damage will be handled by the Chilean environmental court.

For additional information on environmental, health and safety regulations applicable to the Chilean oil and gas sector, see "Industry and regulatory framework—Chile—Regulatory entities."

Colombia

Health, safety and environmental regulation of the oil and gas industry in Colombia is dispersed throughout a number of different laws and regulations. Environmental regulation is primarily governed by Decree 2811 of 1974, Decree 2820 of 1974 and Law 99 of 1993, which established the Ministry of Environment and provided for the issuance of a number of associated laws and regulations. The Ministry of Environment through the ANLA monitors compliance with environmental obligations. Furthermore, licenses for exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons are granted by the ANLA and this is the entity in charge of monitoring the permits. Regional corporations who are responsible for monitoring environmental compliance within their regions have additional obligations.

Law 99 introduced the requirement of environmental permits for activities, including oil and gas exploration and production, which can cause serious deterioration of renewable natural resources or damage to the environment, or that introduce substantial changes to the landscape. Decree 2820 of 2010 requires an environmental license for all hydrocarbon projects, including for each of the following activities: conducting seismic exploration activities that require the construction of roads for vehicular traffic, exploratory drilling projects, exploitation of hydrocarbons and development of related facilities (including internal pipelines and storage, roads and related infrastructure), transportation and handling of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons, developing liquid hydrocarbon delivery terminals or transfer stations, and construction and operation of refineries. Other hydrocarbon activities may require environmental permits as well. Compliance with environmental regulations is handled under a strict sanctioning regime, established by Law 1333 of 2009, whereby liability is presumed and fines are significant.

Health and safety regulation is primarily enforced by the Ministry of Labor. In addition, there is a special regulation (Decree 2090 of 2003 and Decree 806 of 1998) that protects workers in the oil and gas industry and provides additional specific rules regarding health and safety protection for workers in the industry.

For additional information on environmental, health and safety regulations applicable to the Colombian oil and gas sector, see "Industry and regulatory framework—Colombia—Regulatory entities."

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Brazil

In accordance with Brazilian environmental legislation, activities or ventures that use natural resources or that are deemed to be actually or potentially polluting are subject to environmental licensing requirements, under which the relevant environmental body analyzes location, facilities, expansion and operation of projects, as well as establishes conditions for project development.

Environmental licensing of E&P activities in the offshore basin (territorial sea, the continental platform and exclusive economic zones) is granted on a federal level. The environmental licensing in Brazil may be subject to federal, state or municipal (local) licensing as a general rule, and in many industries it is usual to have projects in which more than one of those entities claim jurisdiction. That may be the case for onshore E&P activities (and it is in the ports sector, for instance), but such controversy does not apply to offshore E&P environmental licensing.

The IBAMA, by means of its General Supervision for Oil and Gas Licensing (Coordenação Geral de Licenciamento de Petróleo e Gás), is the entity in charge of the environmental licensing for E&P projects.

E&P activities are divided in two subgroups, according to the Brazilian Ministry for the Environment: (i) seismic activities; and (ii) drilling and production of hydrocarbons. In addition to the Complementary Law, the main rules governing the environmental licensing of such activities are: (1) Resolution No. 237, from December 19, 1997, issued by the Brazilian National Committee for the Environment (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente), or CONAMA; (2) Resolution No. 350, from July 6, 2004, also issued by CONAMA; and (3) Ordinance No. 422, from October 26, 2011, issued by the Brazilian Ministry for the Environment.

CONAMA Resolution No. 237 sets forth the general rules that must be complied with regarding environmental licensing. It prescribes that the competent environmental authority, with the entrepreneur's participation, shall define the plans, projects and environmental assessments necessary to start the environmental licensing proceeding. In addition, IBAMA Normative Ordinance No. 184, from July 17, 2008, defines the general rules of environmental licensing on the federal level. However, for oil and gas activities, these general rules do not apply and have been adjusted and regulated by specific regulation, as mentioned below.

CONAMA Resolution No. 350/2004 governs environmental licensing for seismic activities. Ordinance No. 422, from October 26, 2011, issued by the Brazilian Ministry for the Environment, sets forth rules for the environmental licensing of: (1) seismic activities (i.e., clarifying and creating some new steps between those mentioned above); (2) drilling; and (3) oil and gas production and evacuation, as well as Extended Well Tests, or EWTs. For the environmental licensing of oil and gas production and evacuation, as well as EWTs, the proceeding is more complex. The steps differ depending on the status of the enterprise and the environmental license sought: (1) planning for the installation of the enterprise, which needs a Preliminary License (Licença Prévia), or LP; (2) implementation and installation of the project licensed with the LP, which needs an Installation License (Licença de Instalação) or LI; and (3) operation of the enterprise installed according with the LI, which needs an Operation License (Licença de Operação).

The environmental licensing of oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities is subject to, among several other requirements, the preparation of environmental assessments, the complexity and rules of which vary according to the activities sought, the depth and distance from the coast and the environmental sensitivity of the area in which the development of activities is sought. Among such studies, the Environmental Impact Assessment (Estudo Prévio de Impacto Ambiental) and the respective Environmental Impact Report (Relatório de Impacto de Ambiental) may be deemed the most

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complex and time-demanding environmental assessment, though an Environmental Seismic Study (Estudio Ambiental de Sísmica) or an Environmental Drilling Study (Estudio Ambiental de Perfuração) may also be required for purposes of respective environmental licensing. This is a very comprehensive, tailor-made analysis of the environmental impacts, to be produced by the enterprise.

As a compensatory measure, we are also obligated to allocate funds for the implementation and maintenance of conservation areas, based on Federal Law No. 9,985/2000, which are evaluated by the competent environmental agency on the basis of Federal Decree Nos. 4,340/2002 and 6,848/2009 and which must not exceed the value of 0.5% of the total cost involved for the construction of the facility.

Failure to maintain a valid environmental license is classified as an administrative infraction and environmental crime. Any delays or denials by the environmental licensing authority in issuing or renewing licenses, as well as the inability to meet the requirements established by the environmental authorities during the environmental licensing process, may harm or even prevent the construction and regular development of the activity. Some of the environmental licenses related to the operation of the Manati Field production system and natural gas pipeline are expired and have not yet been renewed. Operating without required licenses is subject to both administrative and criminal liabilities, as well as additional costs for regularization.

Environmental nonconformities and damages may result in civil, administrative and criminal liabilities.

The National Environmental Policy (Federal Law No. 6,938/81) regulates civil liability for damages caused to the environment, such liability being of an objective nature (strict liability), i.e., irrespective of fault. Demonstration of the cause-effect relationship between damage caused and action or inaction suffices to trigger the obligation to redress environmental damage. The fact that the relevant entity's operations are covered by environmental licenses does not preclude such liability. The National Environmental Policy established joint liability among polluting agents. In case of environmental damage to an industrial area, it may be difficult to identify the source of environmental damages and intensity thereof. The victim of such damages or whomever the law so authorizes, as indicated below, is not compelled to sue all polluting agents within the same proceeding. Because liability is of a joint nature, the aggrieved party may choose one out of all polluting agents (for example, the agent with the best economic standing) to redress all damages. A polluting agent so sued will have a right of recourse against the other polluting agents.

Furthermore, under Brazilian law, due to environmental damages and noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations, individuals or entities are also subject to criminal and administrative sanctions.

In the criminal sphere, the Environmental Crimes Act (Federal Law No. 9,605/98) applies to every individual or legal entity that carries out any activity deemed damaging to the environment. Because criminal liability is of a subjective nature, the Environmental Crimes Act attributed liability to representatives of legal entities. As a result, upon occurrence of an environmental violation, a legal entity's officer, administrator, director, manager, agent or attorney-in-fact may also be subject to criminal penalties, which comprise fines and imprisonment. With respect to judicial actions, a civil or administrative settlement does not prevent prosecution in a criminal sphere should an environmental crime have occurred.

In the administrative sphere, Federal Decree No. 6,514/2008 provides that environmental authorities may also impose administrative sanctions for those who do not comply with environmental laws and regulations, including, among others: simple fines from R$50 to R$50 million, depending on the infraction, e.g., absence of environmental licenses or failure to comply with its terms may subject the entrepreneur to a fine ranging from R$500 to R$10 million, daily fines, partial or total suspension of activities, demolition

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of the enterprise and rights restriction sanctions, such as forfeiture or restriction of tax incentives or benefits, closing of the establishments or ventures and forfeiture or suspension of participation in credit lines with official credit establishments.

Due to environmental damages and noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations, the environmental authorities may also propose Conduct Adjustment Agreements (Termos de Ajustamento de Conduta) through which the enterprise may be obliged to fund recovery works and environmental projects.

For additional information on environmental, health and safety regulations applicable to the Brazilian oil and gas sector, see "Industry and regulatory framework—Brazil—Regulatory entities."

Argentina

Historically, environmental legislation and enforcement powers in respect of oil and gas operations have been vested with the federal government. However, after the 1994 constitutional reform and after the enactment of the YPF Privatization Law in 1992, provincial states have passed and enforced concurrent new environmental legislation. The federal government is empowered to establish minimum environmental protection standards and provincial governments are empowered to complement them, though provincial environmental legislation is not always fully consistent with federal environmental legislation.

The oil and natural gas industry in Argentina is subject to environmental regulations pursuant to concurrent provincial state and federal legislation. Such legislation provides for restrictions and prohibitions on the release or emission of various substances produced in association with certain oil and gas industry operations. In addition, such legislation requires that wells, facilities and sites be abandoned, reclaimed and/or remediated according to specific standards and/or to the satisfaction of governmental authorities and/or surface owners. Compliance with such legislation can require significant expenditures and a breach of such requirements may result in suspension or revocation of necessary licenses and authorizations, civil and criminal liability for pollution damage and the imposition of material fines and penalties.

Environmental regulations in Argentina also require that wells be plugged in and that facility sites be abandoned and returned to Argentina in a state deemed satisfactory to the applicable regulatory authorities. Four years prior to the expiration of any hydrocarbon concession granted by the Argentine government, an operator is required to present any technical or commercial reasons for seeking to leave an inactive and non-producing well unplugged to the applicable regulatory authorities. In addition, the province of Santa Cruz, in which the Del Mosquito block is located, has created a Registry of Environmental Liabilities and requires operators to submit a five-year remediation program for all environmental liabilities that have been registered.

For additional information on environmental, health and safety regulations applicable to the Argentine oil and gas sector, see "Industry and regulatory framework—Argentina—Regulatory entities."

Our environmental policy

Our health, safety and environmental management plan is focused on undertaking realistic and practical programs based on recognized world practices. Our emphasis is on building key principles and company-wide ownership and then expanding programs from within as we continue to grow. Our S.P.E.E.D. program has been developed in accordance with: ISO 14001 for environmental management issues, OHSAS 18001 for occupational health and safety management issues, SA 8000 for social accountability and workers' rights issues and applicable World Bank standards.

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Our policy is to strive to meet or exceed environmental regulations in the countries in which we operate. We believe that oil and gas can be produced in an environmentally-responsible manner with proper care, understanding and management. We have within our S.P.E.E.D. program a team that is exclusively focused on securing the environmental authorizations and permits for the projects we undertake. This team is also responsible for the achievement of the environmental standards set by our board of directors and for training and supporting our personnel. In these activities, we are supported by experienced oil and gas environmental consulting firms. Our senior executives have also received training in proper environmental management.

Our health and safety policy

We believe that due to the implementation of additional safety tools in our operations in 2012, such as training, permits to work, internal audits, drills, tailgate safety meetings, job safety analysis and risk evaluations, the number of workforce incidents was reduced. As of September 30, 2013, on a rolling 12-month basis, our Lost Time Incident Rate was 0.66, and our Total Recordable Incident Rate was 0.90 (based on a rate of 200,000 labor hours) compared to 0.83 and 0.99, respectively, in December 2012. We had no fatalities due to workforce incidents related to our operations in 2012 and for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2013.

Certain Bermuda law considerations

As a Bermuda exempted company, we and our Bermuda subsidiaries are subject to regulation in Bermuda. We have been designated by the Bermuda Monetary Authority as a non-resident for Bermuda exchange control purposes. This designation allows us to engage in transactions in currencies other than the Bermuda dollar, and there are no restrictions on our ability to transfer funds (other than funds denominated in Bermuda dollars) in and out of Bermuda.

Under Bermuda law, "exempted" companies are companies formed for the purpose of conducting business outside Bermuda from a principal place of business in Bermuda. As exempted companies, we and our Bermuda subsidiaries may not, without a license or consent granted by the Minister of Finance, participate in certain business transactions, including transactions involving Bermuda landholding rights and the carrying on of business of any kind for which we or our Bermuda subsidiaries are not licensed in Bermuda.

Employees

As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately 404 employees, of which 193 were located in Chile, 109 were located in Colombia, 98 were located in Argentina and four were located in Brazil. This represented an increase of 14% from December 31, 2012, which increase was largely attributable to the growth of our Colombian operations and new operations in our Tierra del Fuego Blocks.

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The following table sets forth a breakdown of our employees by geographic segment for the periods indicated.

|  | Year ended December 31, |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Chile |  |  | 193 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 104 |
Colombia |  |  | 109 |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |
Argentina |  |  | 98 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 84 |
Brazil |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 404 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 188 |

From time to time, we also utilize the services of independent contractors to perform various field and other services as needed. As of December 31, 2013, 11 of our employees were represented by labor unions or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that relations with our employees are satisfactory.

Insurance

We maintain insurance coverage of types and amounts that we believe to be customary and reasonable for companies of our size and with similar operations in the oil and gas industry. However, as is customary in the industry, we do not insure fully against all risks associated with our business, either because such insurance is not available or because premium costs are considered prohibitive.

Currently, our insurance program includes, among other things, construction, fire, vehicle, technical, umbrella liability, director's and officer's liability and employer's liability coverage. Our insurance includes various limits and deductibles or retentions, which must be met prior to or in conjunction with recovery. A loss not fully covered by insurance could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See "Risk factors—Risks relating to our business—Oil and gas operations contain a high degree of risk and we may not be fully insured against all risks we face in our business."

Legal proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to various lawsuits, claims and proceedings that arise in the normal course of business, including employment, commercial, environmental, safety and health matters. For example, from time to time, we receive notice of environmental, health and safety violations. It is not presently possible to determine whether any such matters will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We are not currently a party to any material legal proceedings.

Corporate information

We were incorporated as an exempted company pursuant to the laws of Bermuda as GeoPark Holdings Limited in February 2006. On July 30, 2013, our shareholders approved a change of the company's name to GeoPark Limited, effective from July 31, 2013. We maintain a registered office in Bermuda at Cumberland House, 9th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda. Our principal executive offices are located at Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles 179, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, telephone number +562-2242-9600, and Florida 981, 1st floor, Buenos Aires, Argentina, telephone number +5411-4312-9400. Our website is www.geo-park.com. The information on our website does not constitute part of this prospectus.

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Management

The table below sets forth certain information concerning our current board of directors, executive officers and key employees.

Name |  | Position |  | Age |  | At the Company since |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Directors |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy |  | Executive Chairman and Director |  |  | 65 |  |  | 2002 |
James F. Park |  | Chief Executive Officer and Director |  |  | 58 |  |  | 2002 |
Carlos Gulisano |  | Director |  |  | 63 |  |  | 2010 | (1)
Juan Cristóbal Pavez |  | Director |  |  | 43 |  |  | 2008 |
Peter Ryalls |  | Director |  |  | 63 |  |  | 2006 |
Steven J. Quamme |  | Director |  |  | 53 |  |  | 2011 |
Pedro Aylwin |  | Director and Director of Legal and Governance |  |  | 54 |  |  | 2003 |
Senior Management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Andrés Ocampo |  | Chief Financial Officer |  |  | 35 |  |  | 2010 |
Augusto Zubillaga |  | Managing Director of Operations |  |  | 44 |  |  | 2006 |
Gerardo Hinterwimmer |  | Director for Argentina |  |  | 57 |  |  | 2003 |
Salvador Harambour |  | Director for Chile |  |  | 52 |  |  | 2009 |
Marcela Vaca |  | Director for Colombia |  |  | 45 |  |  | 2012 |
Dimas Coelho |  | Director for Brazil |  |  | 57 |  |  | 2013 |
Carlos Murut |  | Director of Development Geology |  |  | 57 |  |  | 2006 |
Salvador Minniti |  | Director of Exploration |  |  | 58 |  |  | 2007 |
Jose Díaz |  | Director of Operations |  |  | 59 |  |  | 2013 |
Horacio Fontana |  | Director of Drilling |  |  | 56 |  |  | 2008 |
Ruben Marconi |  | Director of Health, Safety & Environment |  |  | 69 |  |  | 2008 |
Agustina Wisky |  | Director of People |  |  | 37 |  |  | 2002 |
Guillermo Portnoi |  | Director of Administration and Finance |  |  | 38 |  |  | 2006 |
Pablo Ducci |  | Director of Capital Markets |  |  | 34 |  |  | 2012 |

(1) Carlos Gulisano joined the Company in 2002 as an advisor.

Biographical information

Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy has been our Executive Chairman and a member of our board of directors since he co-founded the company in 2002. Following his graduation from the University of Notre Dame with degrees in government (1970) and law (1973), Mr. O'Shaughnessy was engaged in the practice of law in Minnesota. Mr. O'Shaughnessy has been active in the oil and gas business over his business career, starting in 1976 with Lario Oil and Gas Company, where he served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel. He later formed the Globe Resources Group, a private venture firm whose subsidiaries provided seismic acquisition and processing, well rehabilitation services, sophisticated logistical operations and submersible pump works for Lukoil in Russia during the 1990s. In 2010 Mr. O'Shaughnessy founded Lario Logistics, a U.S. midstream company which owns and operates the Bakken Oil Express, serving oil producers and service providers in the Bakken Oil play. In addition to his oil and gas activities Mr. O'Shaughnessy is also engaged in investments in banking, wealth management, desktop software, computer and network security, and green clean technology. Over the past 25 years, Mr. O'Shaughnessy has also served on a number of

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non-profit boards of directors, including the Board of Economic Advisors to the Governor of Kansas, the I.A. O'Shaughnessy Family Foundation, the Wichita Collegiate School, the Institute for Humane Studies, The East West Institute and The Bill of Rights Institute. Mr. O'Shaughnessy is a member of the Intercontinental Chapter of Young Presidents Organization and World Presidents' Organization.

James F. Park has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors since co-founding the Company in 2002. He has extensive experience in all phases of the upstream oil and gas business, with a strong background in the acquisition, implementation and management of international joint ventures in North America, South America, Asia, Europe and the Middle East. He holds a degree in geophysics from the University of California at Berkeley and has worked as a research scientist in earthquake and tectonic studies. In 1978, Mr. Park joined Basic Resources International Limited, an oil and gas exploration company, which pioneered the development of commercial oil and gas production in Central America. As a senior executive of Basic Resources International Limited, Mr. Park was closely involved in the development of grass-roots exploration activities, drilling and production operations, surface and pipeline construction and crude oil marketing and transportation, and with legal and regulatory issues, and raising substantial investment funds. He remained a member of the board of directors of Basic Resources International Limited until the company was sold in 1997. Mr. Park is also a member of the board of directors of Energy Holdings. Mr. Park has also been involved in oil and gas projects in California, Louisiana, Argentina, Yemen and China. Mr. Park has lived in Argentina and Chile since 2002.

Carlos Gulisano has been a member of our board of directors since June 2010. Dr. Gulisano holds a bachelor's degree in geology, a post-graduate degree in petroleum engineering and a PhD in geology from the University of Buenos Aires and has authored or co-authored over 40 technical papers. He is a former adjunct professor at the Universidad del Sur, a former thesis director at the University of La Plata, and a former scholarship director at CONICET, the national technology research council, in Argentina. Dr. Gulisano is a respected leader in the fields of petroleum geology and geophysics in South America and has over 30 years of successful exploration, development and management experience in the oil and gas industry. In addition to serving as an advisor to GeoPark since 2002 and as Managing Director from February 2008 until June 2010, Dr. Gulisano has worked for YPF, Petrolera Argentina San Jorge S.A. and Chevron San Jorge S.A. and has led teams credited with significant oil and gas discoveries, including those in the Trapial field in Argentina. He has worked in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile and the United States. Mr. Gulisano is also an independent consultant on oil and gas exploration and production.

Juan Cristóbal Pavez has been a member of our board of directors since August 2008. He holds a degree in commercial engineering from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and a MBA from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has worked as a research analyst at Grupo CB and later as a portfolio analyst at Moneda Asset Management. In 1998, he joined Santana, an investment company, as Chief Executive Officer. At Santana he focused mainly on investments in capital markets and real estate. While at Santana, he was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Laboratorios Andrómaco, one of Santana's main assets. In 1999, Mr. Pavez co-founded Eventures, an internet company. Since 2001, he has served as Chief Executive Officer at Centinela, a company with a diversified global portfolio of investments, with a special focus in the energy industry, through the development of wind parks and run-of-the-river hydropower plants. Mr. Pavez is also a board member of Grupo Security, Vida Security and Hidroelétrica Totoral. Over the last few years he has been a board member of several companies, including Quintec, Enaex, CTI and Frimetal.

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Peter Ryalls has been a member of our board of directors since April 2006. He holds a master's degree in petroleum engineering from Imperial College in London. Mr. Ryalls has worked for Schlumberger Limited in Angola, Gabon and Nigeria, as well as for Mobil North Sea. He has also worked for Unocal Corporation where he held increasingly senior positions, including as Managing Director in Aberdeen, Scotland, and where he developed extensive experience in offshore production and drilling operations. In 1994, Mr. Ryalls represented Unocal Corporation in the Azerbaijan International Operating Company as Vice President of Operations and was responsible for production, drilling, reservoir engineering and logistics. In 1998, Mr. Ryalls became General Manager for Unocal in Argentina. He also served as Vice President of Unocal's Gulf of Mexico onshore oil and gas business and as Vice President of Global Engineering and Construction, where he was responsible for the implementation of all major capital projects ranging from deepwater developments in Indonesia and the Gulf of Mexico to conventional oil and gas projects in Thailand. Mr. Ryalls is also an Independent Petroleum Consultant advising on international oil and gas development projects both onshore and offshore.

Steven J. Quamme has been a member of our board of directors since June 2011. He has 25 years of experience as a fund manager, securities and corporate lawyer, and investment banker. Mr. Quamme holds a B.A. in economics from Northwestern University and a J.D. from the Northwestern University School of Law, where he is a member of the Law School Board. Mr. Quamme is a member of the boards of directors of Cartica Management, LLC, as well as the board of trustees of The Potomac School and of the Sibley Memorial Hospital Foundation. He has previously served as a member of the boards of directors of Equivest Finance, Milestone Merchant Partners, LLC, Kerrco Inc, Atlantic Entertainment Group, Rausch Industries, Rompetrol, and Einstein Noah Bagel Corp, LP. From 2005 to 2007, Mr. Quamme served as the Chief Operating Officer of Breeden Partners, a corporate governance fund. From 2002 to 2007, Mr. Quamme also served as Senior Managing Director of Richard C. Breeden & Co., a professional services firm, which focuses on corporate governance and crisis management. In 2000, Mr. Quamme founded Milestone Merchant Partners, a merchant bank based in Washington D.C., where he served as its CEO until 2005. Mr. Quamme is presently a co-founder and Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, a registered investment advisor focused on emerging markets and a GeoPark shareholder.

Pedro Aylwin has served as a member of our board of directors since July 2013 and as our Director of Legal and Governance since April 2011. From 2003 to 2006, Mr. Aylwin worked for us as an advisor on governance and legal matters. Mr. Aylwin holds a degree in law from the Universidad de Chile and an LLM from the University of Notre Dame. Mr. Aylwin has extensive experience in the natural resources sector. Mr. Aylwin is also a partner at the law firm of Aylwin Abogados in Santiago, Chile, where he represented mining, chemical and oil and gas companies in numerous transactions. From 2006 until 2011, he served as Lead Manager and General Counsel at BHP Billiton, Base Metals, where he was in charge of legal and corporate governance matters on BHP Billiton's projects, operations and natural resource assets in South America, North America, Asia, Africa and Australia. Mr. Aylwin is also a member of the board of directors of Egeda España.

Andrés Ocampo has served as our Chief Financial Officer since November 2013. He previously served as our Director of Growth and Capital (from January 2011 through October 2013), and has been with our company since July 2010. Mr. Ocampo graduated with a degree in Economics from the Universidad Católica Argentina. He has more than 12 years of experience in business and finance. Before joining our company, Mr. Ocampo worked at Citigroup and served as Vice President Oil & Gas and Soft Commodities at Crédit Agricole Corporate & Investment Bank.

Augusto Zubillaga has served as our Managing Director of Operations since January 2012. He previously served as our Production Director. He is a petroleum engineer with 19 years of experience in production,

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engineering, well completions, corrosion control, reservoir management and field development. He has a degree in petroleum engineering from the Instituto Tecnologico de Buenos Aires. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Zubillaga worked for Petrolera Argentina San Jorge S.A. and Chevron San Jorge S.A. At Chevron San Jorge S.A., he led multi-disciplinary teams focused on improving production, costs and safety, and was the leader of the Asset Development Team, which was responsible for creating the field development plan and estimating and auditing the oil and gas reserves of the Trapial field in Argentina. Mr. Zubillaga was also part of a Chevron San Jorge S.A. team that was responsible for identifying business opportunities and working with the head office on the establishment of best business practices. He has authored several industry papers, including papers on electrical submersible pump optimization, corrosion control, water handling and intelligent production systems.

Gerardo Hinterwimmer has served as our Director for Argentina since April 2012. He previously served as our Geosciences Director. He holds a degree in geology from Universidad Nacional de la Plata. He is a development geologist in Argentina and an expert in the Magallanes Austral Basin, with over 25 years of experience working for international and major oil companies, including YPF S.A., Schlumberger Limited, Petrolera Argentina San Jorge S.A. and Chevron San Jorge S.A. Mr. Hinterwimmer has experience in studying and evaluating unconventional volcanic clastic reservoirs in the Austral Basin and has been credited with commercial oil and gas discoveries in the Austral and Neuquen Basins. He is the author of numerous technical papers and is an editor of the reference manual on productive reservoirs in Argentina. He has also contributed to the development of recent geological-oriented technology introduced by Schlumberger Limited in South America.

Salvador Harambour has served as our Director for Chile since 2009. He is an oil and gas manager with more than 27 years of experience in the energy industry. He holds a degree in geology from the Universidad de Chile and an MsC on basin analysis from the University of London. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Harambour spent 24 years at ENAP, beginning in 1985 as Field Geologist. In 1993, he joined Sipertol and worked as Exploration Geologist on several Latin American and European ventures. In 2003, he joined ENAP Sipetrol Argentina, and in 2005, he was appointed General Manager of ENAP Sipetrol in Argentina, until he joined GeoPark in 2009.

Marcela Vaca has been our Director for Colombia since August 2012. Ms. Vaca holds a degree in law from Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia, a Master's Degree in commercial law from the same university and an LLM from Georgetown University. She has served in the legal departments of a number of companies in Colombia, including Empresas Colombiana de Carbon Ltda (which later merged with INGEOMINAS), and from 2000 to 2003, she served as Legal and Administrative Manager at GHK Company Colombia. Prior to joining our company in 2012, Ms. Vaca served for nine years as General Manager of the Hupecol Group where she was responsible for supervising all areas of the company as well as managing relationships with Ecopetrol, ANH, the Colombian Ministry of Mines and Energy, the Colombian Ministry of Environment and other governmental agencies. At the Hupecol Group, Ms. Vaca was also involved in the structuring of the Hupecol Group's asset development and sales strategy.

Dimas Coelho has served as our Director for Brazil since February 2013. He is a geologist and geophysicist with over 30 years of experience in hydrocarbons exploration. From 1981 to 2011, Dr. Coelho served for Petrobras in numerous capacities, including as Petroleum Exploration Manager (from 2001 to 2004 and from 2006 to 2010), in which role he was responsible for the planning, management and execution of the exploration programs in the exploration blocks in Brazil's Santos Basin, and as Joint Venture Project Manager (in 2011), in which role he was responsible for the coordination of Petrobras's functional areas to support Petrobras's work programs in the Santos Basin. In 2012, he served as Executive Vice President of Exploration at Panoro, where he oversaw the functional workflow for Panoro Energy ASA's exploration

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assets in Brazil. Dr. Dimas holds a degree in geology from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an MSc degree in geophysics (seismic processing) from the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, a Ph.D. in geology (Numerical Basin Modelling) from Cornell University and an MBA in general administration from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Carlos Murut has been our Director of Development Geology since January 2012. He previously served as our Development Manager. Mr. Murut holds a master's degree in petroleum geology from the University of Buenos Aires where he also undertook postgraduate studies in reservoir engineering, specializing in field exploitation. Mr. Murut has over 30 years of experience working for international and major oil companies, including YPF S.A., Tecpetrol S.A., Petrolera Argentina San Jorge S.A. and Chevron San Jorge S.A.

Salvador Minniti has been our Director of Exploration since January 2012. He previously served as our Exploration Manager. He holds a bachelor degree in geology from National University of La Plata and has a graduate degree from the Argentine Oil and Gas Institute in oil geology. Mr. Minniti has over 30 years of experience in oil exploration and has worked with YPF S.A., Petrolera Argentina San Jorge S.A. and Chevron Argentina.

Jose Díaz has been our Director of Operations since January 2013. Mr. Díaz holds a degree in petroleum engineering from Cuyo National University, Argentina, has taken executive business classes at IAE Business School, and pursued graduate studies in oil and gas law and project management at University of Buenos Aires School of Law and Alta Dirección Escuela de Negocios, respectively. He has over 30 years of experience in upstream operations as a petroleum engineer, including more than 15 years in managerial positions. This experience includes positions at international and major oil companies, including OEA S.A., Chevron San Jorge S.A., ChevronTexaco and Petrolera El Trebol S.A.

Horacio Fontana has been our Director of Drilling since March 2012. He previously served as our Engineer Manager. He holds a degree in civil engineering from Rosario National University and is also a graduate from the Argentine Oil and Gas Institute, National University of Buenos Aires, with a specialty in field exploitation and a concentration in drilling. Mr. Fontana has over 25 years of drilling experience including at major Argentine companies like YPF S.A. and Petrolera Argentina San Jorge-Chevron.

Ruben Marconi has been our Director of Health, Safety and Environment since March 2012. He previously served as our Drilling Director. He holds a degree in mechanical engineering from Rosario University and was a YPF scholar at the University of Buenos Aires where he graduated in oil engineering with a concentration in exploitation. Mr. Marconi has over 40 years of field logistics and safety experience with ChevronTexaco, Chevron Mid Continent Business Unit and Chevron Argentina.

Agustina Wisky has worked with our Company since it was founded in November 2002, and has served as our Director of People since 2012. Mrs. Wisky is a public accountant, and also holds a degree in human resources from the Universidad Austral—IAE. She has 13 years of experience in the oil industry. Before joining our company, Mrs. Wisky worked at AES Gener and PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Guillermo Portnoi has been our Director of Administration and Finance since 2011 and has worked for us since June 2006. Mr. Portnoi is a public accountant and holds an MBA from Universidad Austral—IAE. He has more than 10 years of experience in the oil industry. Before joining our company, Mr. Portnoi worked at Pluspetrol, Río Alto and PricewaterhouseCoopers, where he counted several major oil companies as his clients.

Pablo Ducci has served as our Director of Capital Markets since 2012. Mr. Ducci holds a bachelor's degree in science and economics from Pontifical Catholic University of Chile and a master's degree in business

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administration from Duke University. From 2004 to 2009, Mr. Ducci worked as a Corporate Finance Analyst and Corporate Finance Associate with Celfin Capital. In 2010, he worked as a Summer Associate for Anka Funds, and from 2011 to 2012, he served as Vice President of Development for Falabella Retail.

Our board of directors

Overview

Our board of directors is responsible for establishing our strategic goals, ensuring that the necessary resources are in place to achieve these goals and reviewing our management and financial performance. Our board of directors directs and monitors the company in accordance with a framework of controls, which enable risks to be assessed and managed through clear procedures, lines of responsibility and delegated authority. Our board of directors also has responsibility for establishing our core values and standards of business conduct and for ensuring that these, together with our obligations to our shareholders, are understood throughout the company.

Board composition

Our bye laws and board resolutions provide that the board of directors consist of a minimum of three and a maximum of nine members. All of our directors are required to stand for re-election at the annual general shareholders' meeting, a practice that has been in place since 2006. All of our directors were elected at our annual shareholders' meeting held on July 30, 2013, and their term expires on the date of our next annual shareholders' meeting, to be held in 2014. The board of directors meets at least on a quarterly basis. Unless otherwise indicated, the current business addresses for our board of directors and senior management is Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles 179, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile.

Committees of our board of directors

Our board of directors has established an Audit Committee, a Remuneration Committee and a Nomination Committee. The composition and responsibilities of each committee are described below. Members serve on these committees until their resignation or until otherwise determined by our board of directors. In the future, our board of directors may establish other committees to assist with its responsibilities.

Audit committee

The Audit Committee is composed of three directors: Mr. Peter Ryalls, Mr. Juan Cristóbal Pavez and Mr. Steven J. Quamme (who serves as Chairman of the committee). We have determined that Mr. Peter Ryalls and Mr. Juan Cristóbal Pavez are independent, as such term is defined under SEC rules applicable to foreign private issuers. In accordance with NYSE rules, we expect to have a fully independent audit committee within one year of listing.

The Audit Committee's responsibilities include: (a) approving our financial statements; (b) reviewing financial statements and formal announcements relating to our performance; (c) assessing the independence, objectivity and effectiveness of our external auditors; (d) making recommendations for the appointment, re-appointment and removal of our external auditors and approving their remuneration and terms of engagement; (e) implementing and monitoring policy on the engagement of external auditors supplying non-audit services to us; (f) obtaining, at our expense, outside legal or other professional advice on any matters within its terms of reference and securing the attendance at its meetings of outsiders with relevant experience and expertise if it considers it necessary; and (g) reviewing our arrangements for our employees to raise concerns about possible wrongdoing in financial reporting or other matters and the

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procedures for handling such allegations, and ensuring that these arrangements allow proportionate and independent investigation of such matters and appropriate follow-up action.

Remuneration committee

The Remuneration Committee is composed of three directors. The members of the remuneration committee are Mr. Juan Cristóbal Pavez (who serves as Chairman of the committee), Mr. Peter Ryalls and Mr. Steve J. Quamme.

The Remuneration Committee meets as required during the year, and its specific responsibilities include: (a) determining, in conjunction with the board of directors, the remuneration policy for the Chief Executive Officer, the Chairman, our executive directors and other members of executive management; (b) reviewing the performance of our executive directors and members of executive management; and (c) reviewing the design of the share incentive plans that are submitted for approval to the board of directors and our shareholders. No member of the Remuneration Committee participates in any discussion about his or her own remuneration.

Nomination committee

The Nomination Committee is composed of three directors. The members of the Nomination Committee are Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy, Mr. Carlos Gulisano (who serves as Chairman of the committee) and Mr. Pedro Aylwin.

The Nomination Committee meets as required and its responsibilities include: (a) reviewing the structure, size and composition of the board of directors and making recommendations to the board of directors in respect of any required changes; (b) identifying, nominating and submitting for approval by the board of directors candidates to fill vacancies on the board of directors as and when they arise; (c) making recommendations to the board of directors with respect to the membership of the Audit Committee and Remuneration Committee in consultation with the chairman of each committee; (d) reviewing outside directorships/commitments of non-executive directors; and (e) succession planning for directors and senior executives.

Compensation

Executive compensation

For the year ended December 31, 2013, the aggregate compensation accrued or paid to the members of our board of directors (including our executive directors) for services in all capacities was approximately US$4.6 million. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy, James F. Park and Pedro Aylwin are our executive directors. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the aggregate compensation accrued or paid to the members of our senior management (excluding our executive directors) for services in all capacities was approximately US$6.1 million.

Executive directors' contracts

It is our policy that executive directors have contracts of an indefinite term providing for a maximum of one year's notice in writing of termination at any time.

Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy has a service contract with our company that provides for him to act as Executive Chairman at an annual salary of US$250,000. James F. Park has a service contract with our company that provides for him to act as Chief Executive Officer at an annual salary of US$500,000. The payment of a bonus to Mr. O'Shaughnessy or Mr. Park is at our discretion. Our agreements with Mr. O'Shaughnessy and

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Mr. Park contain covenants that restrict them, for a period of 12 months following termination of employment, from soliciting senior employees of our company and, for a period of six months following the termination of employments, from being involved in any competing undertaking. Pedro Aylwin, who was appointed as an executive director in July 2013, has a service contract with our company that provides for him to act as Director of Legal and Governance.

The following chart summarizes payments made to our executive directors for the year ended December 31, 2012.

|  | Cash payment |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Executive director |  | Executive directors' fees |  | Bonus |
Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy |  |  | US$250,000 |  | US$ | 150,000 |
James F. Park |  |  | US$500,000 |  | US$ | 300,000 |

Non-executive directors' contracts

Our non-executive directors are paid an annual fee of GBP35,000, which is payable quarterly in arrears. At our option, the fee paid to our non-executive directors can be paid through the issuance of new common shares and/or cash. In addition, the Chairmen of the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the Nomination Committee are paid an additional annual fee of GBP5,750 each. The following chart summarizes payments made to our non-executive directors for the year ended December 31, 2012.

|  | Cash payment |  | Stock payment |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Non-executive director |  | Non-executive directors' fees |  | Committee Chairman fees |  | Fees paid in common shares (in number of common shares) |
Sir Michael R. Jenkins(1) |  |  | GBP17,500 |  |  | GBP5,750 |  |  | 3,020 |
Juan Cristóbal Pavez(2) |  |  | GBP17,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,020 |
Christian Weyer(3) |  |  | GBP17,500 |  |  | GBP5,750 |  |  | 3,020 |
Peter Ryalls(4) |  |  | GBP17,500 |  |  | GBP5,750 |  |  | 3,020 |
Carlos Gulisano |  |  | GBP35,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Steven J. Quamme |  |  | GBP17,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,020 |

(1) Audit Committee Chairman (until his death on March 31, 2013).

(2) Remuneration Committee Chairman (since September 24, 2012).

(3) Nomination Committee Chairman (until his resignation on April 15, 2013).

(4) Remuneration Committee Chairman (until September 24, 2012).

Pension and retirement benefits

We do not maintain any defined benefit pension plans or any other retirement programs for our employees or directors.

Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program

We have established the Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program in order to align the interests of our management, employees and key advisors with those of our shareholders. In November 2007, our shareholders voted to authorize the board of directors to use up to a maximum of 12% of our issued share capital for the purposes of the Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program.

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The shareholders also authorized the board of directors to implement the Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program and to determine specific conditions and broadly defined guidelines for the program.

IPO award program and Executive Stock Option Plan

On admission to AIM, our executive directors, management and key employees received options to purchase common shares of the Company granted under the Executive Stock Option Plan. The options became fully vested in May 2008 and expired in May 2013.

The program included 896,834 common shares, all of which have already been issued.

Other common share awards to executive directors, management and key employees

The following table sets forth the other common share awards to our executive directors, management and key employees since 2008.

Number of underlying common shares awarded |  | % of issued common share capital |  | Grant date |  | Exercise price |  | Vesting date |  | Expiration date
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
976,211(1) |  | approximately 2.2 |  | December 15, 2008 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2012 |  | December 15, 2018
1,000,000(2) |  | approximately 2.0 |  | December 15, 2010 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2014 |  | December 15, 2020
500,000(3) |  | approximately 1.1 |  | December 15, 2011 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2015 |  | December 15, 2021
500,000(4) |  | approximately 1.1 |  | December 15, 2012 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2016 | (5) | December 15, 2022
500,000(6) |  | approximately 1.1 |  | June 30, 2013 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2019

(1) Dr. Carlos Gulisano holds 100,000 of such awards.

(2) As of the date of this prospectus, there are 164,400 awards that will not vest due to the relevant employees having left the Company before the vesting date.

(3) As of the date of this prospectus, there are 5,000 awards that will not vest due to the relevant employees having left the Company before the vesting date.

(4) As of the date of this prospectus, there are 60,000 awards that will not vest due to the relevant employees having left the Company before the vesting date.

(5) Certain programs contemplate different vesting dates, in each case before December 15, 2016.

(6) The common shares will be awarded under this program provided certain minimum financial and operational targets are met through 2015.

In addition to the awards described above under our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program, on August 31, 2011, we granted an aggregate award of 90,000 common shares at an exercise price of US$0.001 to certain of our former employees, of which 30,000 vested in 2012 and the remaining 60,000 vested in September 2013. In addition, on November 23, 2012, we granted awards of common shares at an exercise price of US$0.001 to each of James F. Park (450,000 common shares) and Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy (270,000 common shares), in each case with a vesting date of November 23, 2015.

Value Creation Plan

In July 2013, our remuneration committee established the "Value Creation Plan," or VCP, to give our executive officers and key management members the opportunity to share in a percentage of the value created for shareholders in excess of a pre-determined share price target at the end of a performance period. Under the VCP, if as of December 31, 2015, our share price (defined as the average trading price of our common shares on the NYSE for the month of December 2015) exceeds US$13.66, VCP participants will receive an aggregate payment equal to 10% of the excess above the market capitalization threshold generated by this share price (assuming that the share capital of the Company has remained at the same level as applicable at the time of grant of the VCP: 43,495,585 shares). The award will be paid in common

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shares under our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program. The award will vest 50% on December 31, 2015, and the remaining 50% on December 31, 2016. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the total number of common shares granted pursuant to this plan shall not exceed 5% of the issued share capital of the Company. Additionally, the share price (and number of common shares outstanding) used to calculate if the market capitalization threshold has been met is subject to adjustment for any stock splits.

Potential dilution resulting from Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program

The percentage of total share capital that could be awarded to our executive directors, management and key employees under the Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program would represent approximately 12% of our issued common shares. However, as of the date of this prospectus, we have awarded approximately 11.3% of our current total issued share capital (not including common shares to be issued in this offering and also not including shares that may be issued under the VCP program). After giving effect to the common shares to be issued in this offering, we will have awarded approximately 7.8% of our total issued share capital under the Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program (not including common shares that may be issued under the VCP program).

Employee Benefit Trust

Our directors, senior management and key employees who have received option awards or common share awards under our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program and our Executive Stock Option Plan authorize the Company to deposit any common shares they have received under these programs in our Employee Benefit Trust, or EBT. The EBT is held to facilitate holdings and dispositions of those common shares by the participants thereof. Under the terms of the EBT, each participant is entitled to receive any dividends we may pay which correspond to their common shares held by the trust, according to instructions sent by the Company to the trust administrator. The trust provides that Mr. James F. Park is entitled to vote all the common shares held in the trust.

Share Repurchase Program

On October 29, 2013, we put into place an irrevocable, non-discretionary share purchase program for the purchase of up to 400,000 of our common shares, or the Purchase Program, for the account of our Employee Benefit Trust, or the EBT. The Purchase Program was in effect through December 31, 2013, and was managed by BTG Pactual Chile International Limited and Oriel Securities Limited. The common shares purchased under the Purchase Program will be used to satisfy future awards under our employee long-term incentive programs. See "Management—Compensation—Executive compensation."

We made the following purchases pursuant to the Purchase Program: on November 5, 2013, we purchased 10,000 common shares at a purchase price of 5.45 GBP for the account of the EBT; on November 14, 2013, we purchased 10,000 common shares at a purchase price of 5.40 GBP for the account of the EBT; on November 25, 2013, we purchased 10,000 common shares at a purchase price of 5.40 GBP for the account of the EBT; on November 26, 2013, we purchased 10,000 common shares at a purchase price of 5.40 GBP for the account of the EBT; and on November 27, 2013, we purchased 10,000 common shares at a purchase price of 5.40 GBP for the account of the EBT.

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Share ownership

As of the date of this prospectus, members of our board of directors and our senior management held as a group 22,659,368 of our common shares and 51.66% of our outstanding share capital.

The following table shows the share ownership of each member of our board of directors and senior management as of the date of this prospectus. The following table does not give effect to the US$60.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 8,000,000 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that certain persons named on the cover page of this prospectus have indicated an interest in purchasing. See "Principal shareholders."

Shareholder |  | Common shares |  | Percentage of outstanding common shares |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy(1) |  |  | 7,533,907 |  |  | 17.18% |
James F. Park(2) |  |  | 7,156,269 |  |  | 16.32% |
Steven J. Quamme(3) |  |  | 4,984,394 |  |  | 11.36% |
Juan Cristóbal Pavez(4) |  |  | 2,171,363 |  |  | 4.95% |
Carlos Gulisano |  |  | 117,281 |  |  | 0.27% |
Pedro Aylwin |  |  | 111,431 |  |  | 0.25% |
Peter Ryalls |  |  | 43,684 |  |  | 0.10% |
Augusto Zubillaga |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Gerardo Hinterwimmer |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Salvador Harambour |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Marcela Vaca |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Dimas Coelho |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Carlos Murut |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Salvador Minniti |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Jose Díaz |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Horacio Fontana |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Ruben Marconi |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Agustina Wisky |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Guillermo Portnoi |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Andrés Ocampo |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Pablo Ducci |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Sub-total senior management ownership of less than 1% |  |  | 541,039 |  |  | 1.23% |
Total |  |  | 22,659,368 |  |  | 51.66% |

* Indicates ownership of less than 1% of outstanding common shares.

(1) Held directly and indirectly through GP Investments LLP, Vidacos Nominees Limited and Globe Resources Group Inc., all of which are controlled by Mr. O'Shaughnessy.

(2) Held by Energy Holdings, LLC, which is controlled by James F. Park. The number of common shares held by Mr. Park does not reflect the 782,702 common shares held as of the date of this prospectus in the employee benefit trust described under "—Compensation—Employee Benefit Trust." Although Mr. Park has voting rights with respect to all the common shares held in the trust, Mr. Park disclaims beneficial ownership over those shares.

(3) Held through various private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Quamme include 7,422 common shares held by him personally.

(4) Held through Socoservin Overseas Ltd, which is controlled by Juan Cristóbal Pavez. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Pavez include 8,559 common shares held by him personally.

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Liability insurance

We maintain liability insurance coverage for all of our directors and officers, the level of which is reviewed annually.

Code of ethics

We have adopted a code of ethics applicable to the board of directors and all employees. Since its effective date on September 24, 2012, we have not waived compliance with or amended the code of ethics.

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Principal shareholders

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital consists of 5,171,949,000 common shares, par value US$0.001 per share. Each of our common shares entitles its holder to one vote. The following table presents the beneficial ownership of our common shares as of the date of this prospectus.

Shareholder |  | Common shares |  | Percentage of outstanding common shares |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy(1) |  |  | 7,533,907 |  |  | 17.18% |
James F. Park(2) |  |  | 7,156,269 |  |  | 16.32% |
Steven J. Quamme(3) |  |  | 4,984,394 |  |  | 11.36% |
IFC Equity Investments(4) |  |  | 3,456,594 |  |  | 7.88% |
Moneda A.F.I.(5) |  |  | 2,241,650 |  |  | 5.11% |
Juan Cristóbal Pavez(6) |  |  | 2,171,363 |  |  | 4.95% |
Other shareholders |  |  | 16,317,437 |  |  | 37.20% |
Total |  |  | 43,861,614 |  |  | 100.0% |

(1) Held directly and indirectly through GP Investments LLP, Vidacos Nominees Limited and Globe Resources Group Inc., all of which are controlled by Mr. O'Shaughnessy.

(2) Held by Energy Holdings, LLC, which is controlled by James F. Park, a member of our Board of Directors. The number of common shares held by Mr. Park does not reflect the 782,702 common shares held as of the date of this prospectus in the employee benefit trust described under "Management—Compensation—Employee Benefit Trust." Although Mr. Park has voting rights with respect to all the common shares held in the trust, Mr. Park disclaims beneficial ownership over those common shares.

(3) Held through certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Quamme include 7,422 common shares held by him personally. Mr. Steven Quamme, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark held by Cartica Management, LLC.

(4) IFC Equity Investments voting decisions are made through a portfolio management process which involves consultation from investment officers, credit officers, managers and legal staff.

(5) Held through various funds managed by Moneda A.F.I. (Administradora de Fondos de Inversión), an asset manager.

(6) Held through Socoservin Overseas Ltd, which is controlled by Juan Cristóbal Pavez. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Pavez include 8,559 common shares held by him personally.

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The following table presents the beneficial ownership of our common shares following the offering assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. The following table does not give effect to the US$60.0 million of common shares (or 8,000,000 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that certain persons named on the cover page of this prospectus have indicated an interest in purchasing.

Shareholder |  | Common shares |  | Percentage of outstanding common shares |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy(1) |  |  | 7,533,907 |  |  | 13.13 |
James F. Park(2) |  |  | 7,156,269 |  |  | 12.48 |
Steven J. Quamme(3) |  |  | 4,984,394 |  |  | 8.69 |
IFC Equity Investments(4) |  |  | 3,456,594 |  |  | 6.03 |
Moneda A.F.I.(5) |  |  | 2,241,650 |  |  | 3.91 |
Juan Cristóbal Pavez(6) |  |  | 2,171,363 |  |  | 3.79 |
Other shareholders(7) |  |  | 29,817,437 |  |  | 51.98 |
Total |  |  | 57,361,614 |  |  | 100.0% |

(1) Held directly and indirectly through GP Investments LLP, Vidacos Nominees Limited and Globe Resources Group Inc., all of which are controlled by Mr. O'Shaughnessy.

(2) Held by Energy Holdings, LLC, which is controlled by James F. Park, a member of our Board of Directors. The number of common shares held by Mr. Park does not reflect the 782,702 common shares held as of the date of this prospectus in the employee benefit trust described under "Management—Compensation—Employee Benefit Trust." Although Mr. Park has voting rights with respect to all the common shares held in the trust, Mr. Park disclaims beneficial ownership over those common shares. The percentage of shares beneficially owned after this offering by Mr. James F. Park would be 12.94%, assuming the purchase of US$2.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 266,667 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that he (or his affiliates) have indicated an interest in purchasing, and assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.

(3) Held through certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Quamme include 7,422 common shares held by him personally. The percentage of shares beneficially owned after this offering by Mr. Steven Quamme would be 16.36%, assuming the purchase of US$33.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 4,400,000 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that certain private investment funds managed by Cartica Management, LLC have indicated an interest in purchasing, and assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. Mr. Steven Quamme, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark held by Cartica Management, LLC.

(4) IFC Equity Investments voting decisions are made through a portfolio management process which involves consultation from investment officers, credit officers, managers and legal staff.

(5) Held through various funds managed by Moneda A.F.I. (Administradora de Fondos de Inversión), an asset manager.

(6) Held through Socoservin Overseas Ltd, which is controlled by Juan Cristóbal Pavez. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Pavez include 8,559 common shares held by him personally. The percentage of shares beneficially owned after this offering by Mr. Juan Cristóbal Pavez would be 4.95%, assuming the purchase of US$5.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 666,666 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that he (or his affiliates) have indicated an interest in purchasing, and assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.

(7) The number of shares beneficially owned by other shareholders would be 24,484,105 common shares, or 42.68%, assuming the purchase of US$60.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 8,000,000 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) pursuant to the indications of interest by Mr. James Park, Mr. Juan Cristobal Pavéz and certain private investment funds managed by Cartica Management, LLC.

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The following table presents the beneficial ownership of our common shares following the offering, assuming full exercise of the overallotment options. The following table does not give effect to the US$60.0 million of common shares (or 8,000,000 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that certain persons named on the cover page of this prospectus have indicated an interest in purchasing.

Shareholder |  | Common shares |  | Percentage of outstanding common shares |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy(1) |  |  | 7,533,907 |  |  | 12.95 |
James F. Park(2) |  |  | 7,156,269 |  |  | 12.30 |
Steven J. Quamme(3) |  |  | 4,984,394 |  |  | 8.57 |
IFC Equity Investments(4) |  |  | 3,456,594 |  |  | 5.94 |
Moneda A.F.I.(5) |  |  | 2,241,650 |  |  | 3.85 |
Juan Cristóbal Pavez(6) |  |  | 2,171,363 |  |  | 3.73 |
Other shareholders(7) |  |  | 30,617,437 |  |  | 52.64 |
Total |  |  | 58,161,614 |  |  | 100.0% |

(1) Held directly and indirectly through GP Investments LLP, Vidacos Nominees Limited and Globe Resources Group Inc., all of which are controlled by Mr. O'Shaughnessy.

(2) Held by Energy Holdings, LLC, which is controlled by James F. Park, a member of our Board of Directors. The number of common shares held by Mr. Park does not reflect the 782,702 common shares held as of the date of this prospectus in the employee benefit trust described under "Management—Compensation—Employee Benefit Trust." Although Mr. Park has voting rights with respect to all the common shares held in the trust, Mr. Park disclaims beneficial ownership over those common shares. The percentage of shares beneficially owned after this offering by Mr. James F. Park would be 12.76%, assuming the purchase of US$2.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 266,667 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that he (or his affiliates) have indicated an interest in purchasing, and assuming full exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.

(3) Held through certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Quamme include 7,422 common shares held by him personally. The percentage of shares beneficially owned after this offering by Mr. Steven Quamme would be 16.14%, assuming the purchase of US$33.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 4,400,000 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that certain private investment funds managed by Cartica Management, LLC have indicated an interest in purchasing, and assuming full exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. Mr. Steven Quamme, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark held by Cartica Management, LLC.

(4) IFC Equity Investments voting decisions are made through a portfolio management process which involves consultation from investment officers, credit officers, managers and legal staff.

(5) Held through various funds managed by Moneda A.F.I. (Administradora de Fondos de Inversión), an asset manager.

(6) Held through Socoservin Overseas Ltd, which is controlled by Juan Cristóbal Pavez. The common shares reflected as being held by Mr. Pavez include 8,559 common shares held by him personally. The percentage of shares beneficially owned after this offering by Mr. Juan Cristóbal Pavez would be 4.88%, assuming the purchase of US$5.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 666,666 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) that he (or his affiliates) have indicated an interest in purchasing, and assuming full exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option.

(7) The number of shares beneficially owned by other shareholders would be 25,284,105 common shares, or 43.47%, assuming the purchase of US$40.0 million of common shares in this offering (or 5,333,334 common shares (at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus)) pursuant to the indications of interest by Mr. James Park, Mr. Juan Cristobal Pavéz and certain private investment funds managed by Cartica Management, LLC.

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Certain relationships and related party transactions

We have entered into the following transactions with related parties:

LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements

In 2010, we formed a strategic partnership with LGI to acquire and develop jointly upstream oil and gas projects in South America. In 2011, LGI acquired a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Chile and a 14% equity interest in GeoPark TdF, for a total consideration of US$148.0 million, plus additional equity funding of US$18.0 million through 2014. On May 20, 2011, in connection with LGI's investment in GeoPark Chile, we and LGI entered into the LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements, setting forth our and LGI's respective rights and obligations in connection with LGI's investment in our Chilean oil and gas business. Specifically, the LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements provide that the boards of each of GeoPark Chile and GeoPark TdF will consist of four directors; as long as LGI holds at least 5% of the voting shares of GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as applicable, LGI has the right to elect one director and such director's alternate, while the remaining directors, and alternates, are elected by us. Additionally, the agreements require the consent of LGI or its appointed director in order for GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as applicable, to be able to take certain actions, including, among others: making any decision to terminate or permanently or indefinitely suspend operations in or surrender our blocks in Chile (other than as required under the terms of the relevant CEOP for such blocks); selling our blocks in Chile to our affiliates; making any change to the dividend, voting or other rights that would give preference to or discriminate against the shareholders of these companies; entering into certain related party transactions; and creating a security interest over our blocks in Chile (other than in connection with a financing that benefits our Chilean subsidiaries). The LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements also provide that: (i) if LGI or either Agencia or GeoPark Chile decides to sell its shares in GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as applicable, the transferring shareholder must make an offer to sell those shares to the other shareholder before selling them to a third party; and (ii) any sale to a third party is subject to tag-along and drag-along rights, and the non transferring shareholder has the right to object to a sale to the third party if it considers such third party to be not of a good reputation or one of our direct competitors. We and LGI also agreed to vote our common shares or otherwise cause GeoPark Chile or GeoPark TdF, as applicable, to declare dividends only after allowing for retentions to meet anticipated future investments, costs and obligations. See "Business—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI—LGI Chile Shareholders' Agreements."

LGI Colombia Agreements

On December 18, 2012, we, Agencia, GeoPark Colombia and LGI entered into the LGI Colombia Shareholders' Agreement and a subscription share agreement, pursuant to which LGI acquired a 20% interest in GeoPark Colombia. Further, on January 8, 2014, following an internal corporate reorganization of our Colombian operations, GeoPark Colombia Coöperatie U.A. and GeoPark Latin America entered into a new members' agreement with LGI, or the LGI Colombia Members' Agreement, that sets out substantially similar rights and obligations to the LGI Colombia Shareholders' Agreement in respect of our oil and gas business in Colombia. We refer to the LGI Colombia Shareholders' Agreement and the LGI Colombia Members' Agreement collectively as the LGI Colombia Agreements. The LGI Colombia Agreements provide that the board of GeoPark Colombia will consist of four directors; as long as LGI holds at least 14% of GeoPark Colombia, LGI has the right to elect one director and such director's alternate, while the remaining directors, and alternates, are elected by us. Additionally, the LGI Colombia Agreements require the consent of LGI or the LGI appointed director for GeoPark Colombia to be able to take certain actions, including, among others: making any decision to terminate or permanently or indefinitely suspend

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operations in or surrender our blocks in Colombia (other than as required under the terms of the relevant concessions for such blocks); creating a security interest over our blocks in Colombia; approving of GeoPark Colombia's annual budget and work programs and the mechanisms for funding any such budget or program; entering into any borrowings other than those provided in an approved budget or incurred in the ordinary course of business to finance working capital needs; granting any guarantee or indemnity to secure liabilities of parties other than those of our Colombian subsidiaries; changing the dividend, voting or other rights that would give preference to or discriminate against the shareholders of GeoPark Colombia; entering into certain related party transactions; and disposing of any material assets other than those provided for in an approved budget and work program. The LGI Colombia Agreements also provide that: (i) if either we or LGI decide to sell our respective shares in GeoPark Colombia, the transferring shareholder must make an offer to sell those shares to the other shareholder before selling those shares to a third party; and (ii) any sale to a third party is subject to tag-along and drag-along rights, and the non transferring shareholder has the right to object to a sale to the third party if it considers such third party to be not of a good reputation or one of our direct competitors. We and LGI also agreed to vote our common shares or otherwise cause GeoPark Colombia to declare dividends only after allowing for retentions for approved work programs and budgets, capital adequacy and tied surplus requirements of GeoPark Colombia, working capital requirements, banking covenants associated with any loan entered into by GeoPark Colombia or our other Colombian subsidiaries and operational requirements. See "Business—Significant agreements—Agreements with LGI—LGI Colombia Agreements."

LGI Stand-by Letters of Credit

In 2011, in connection with LGI's acquisition of a 20% equity interest in GeoPark Chile and a 14% equity interest in GeoPark TdF for US$148.0 million.

LGI provided to GeoPark TdF stand by letter of credits for an amount of US$31.6 million (corresponding to its pro rata share in GeoPark TdF) and for an additional amount of US$52.3 million (or the additional amount), resulting in an aggregate of US$84.0 million in stand-by letters of credit, or the LGI Stand-by Letters of Credit, to partially secure the US$101.4 million performance bond required by the Chilean government to guarantee GeoPark TdF's obligations with respect to the first period?s minimum work program under the Tierra del Fuego CEOPs. The remaining US$17.4 million was provided by GeoPark. All costs and liabilities regarding the additional amount shall be paid by GeoPark.

The LGI Stand-by Letters of Credit initially expired on March 31, 2013, and were renewed until March 31, 2015, and the applicable interest rate is 1.5%. As of September 30, 2013, the aggregate outstanding amount attributable to GeoPark's share under the LGI Stand-by Letters of Credit was US$52.3 million.

IFC Subscription and Shareholders' Agreement

On February 7, 2006, in order to finance the exploration, development and exploitation of our blocks in Chile and Argentina and the acquisition of additional exploration, development and exploitation blocks in South America, we, IFC and Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy and James F. Park, as Lead Investors, entered into an agreement, or the IFC Subscription and Shareholders' Agreement, pursuant to which IFC agreed to subscribe and pay for 2,507,161 of our common shares, representing approximately 10.5% of our then-outstanding common shares, at an aggregate subscription price of US$10.0 million (or approximately US$3.99 per common share).

We agreed, for so long as IFC is a shareholder in the company, among other things, to: ensure that our operations are in compliance with certain environmental and social guidelines; appoint and maintain a

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technically qualified individual to be responsible for the environmental and social management of our activities; maintain certain forms of insurance coverage, including coverage for public liability and director's and officer's liability reasonably acceptable to IFC, and in respect of certain of our operations; not undertake certain prohibited activities; and ensure that no prohibited payments are made by us or on our or the Lead Investors' behalf, in respect of our operations.

We also agreed to provide to IFC, within 30 days of the end of the first half of the year, copies of our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the period (prepared under IFRS), a report on our capital expenditures for the period, a comprehensive report on the progress of the exploration, development and exploitation of our blocks in South America and a statement of all related party transactions during the period, with a certification by a company officer that these were on an arm's-length basis; within 90 days of the end of our fiscal year, copies of our audited consolidated financial statements for the year (prepared under IFRS), a management letter from our auditors in respect of our financial control procedures, accounting and management information systems and any litigation, an annual monitoring report confirming compliance with national or local requirements and the environmental and social requirements mandated by the agreement, a report indicating any payments in the year to any governmental authority in connection with the documents governing our Chilean and Argentine blocks and certificates of insurance, with a certificate of our insurer confirming that effectiveness of our policies and payment of all applicable premiums; within 45 days before each fiscal year begins, a proposed annual business plan and budget for the upcoming year; within 3 days after its occurrence, notification of any incident that had or may reasonably be expected to have an adverse effect on the environment, health or safety; copies of notices, reports or other communications between us and our board of directors or shareholders; and, within five days of receipt thereof, copies of any reports, correspondence, documentation or notices from any third party, governmental authority or state-owned company that could reasonably be expected to materially impact our operations. Mr. O'Shaughnessy and Mr. Park have also agreed to procure that shareholders holding 51% of our common shares cause us to comply with the covenants above.

Executive Directors' Service Agreements

We have entered into service contracts with certain of our executive directors. See "Management—Compensation—Executive compensation—Executive directors' contracts."

Participation in this offering

We have received the following indications of interest to purchase in this offering, at the public offering price, an aggregate of US$60.0 million (or 8,000,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus): (i) Mr. James F. Park (or any of his affiliates), our Chief Executive Officer, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$2.0 million (or 266,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (ii) Mr. Juan Cristobal Pavez (or any of his affiliates), one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$5.0 million (or 666,666 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (iii) certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC: US$33.0 million (or 4,400,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Mr. Steven Quamme, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark Limited held by Cartica Management, LLC; and (iv) certain members of Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family (or any of their respective affiliates that do not include Mr. Gerald E.

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O'Shaughnessy): US$20.0 million (or 2,666,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

Any shares acquired by Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family are not expected to be subject to the 180 day lock-up restrictions described in this prospectus. Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy, our Executive Chairman, a member of our board of directors and one of our principal shareholders is not expected to have a beneficial interest in the common shares that may be acquired by his family members. Because indications of interest are not binding agreements or commitments to purchase, the underwriters could determine to sell more, less or no shares to any of these individuals or private investment funds and any of these individuals or private investment funds could determine to purchase more, less or no shares in this offering. The underwriters will not receive any underwriting discount or commissions in connection with the sale of our common shares, to the extent they are purchased pursuant to these indications of interest.

Following the completion of this offering, and assuming the purchase of all of the common shares described above, our board of directors and senior management will be deemed to beneficially own, in the aggregate approximately 48.8% of our outstanding common shares (assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option). See "Underwriting."

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Description of share capital

The following description of certain provisions of our memorandum of association and bye-laws does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified by reference to, all of the provisions of our memorandum of association and bye-laws, and the form of the New Bye-laws which were approved by shareholders on October 17, 2013, will be adopted subject to and with effect on the date of our delisting from AIM.

General

We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of Bermuda. The rights of our shareholders will be governed by Bermuda law and by our memorandum of association and bye-laws. Bermuda company law differs in some material respects from the laws generally applicable to Delaware corporations. Below is a summary of some of those material differences.

Our current bye-laws contain provisions which are relevant for a company whose shares are listed on AIM, including provisions that adopt certain provisions of the UK Takeover Code. The New Bye-laws were approved by our shareholders on October 17, 2013 and will be adopted subject to, and with effect on, the date of our delisting from AIM. The New Bye-laws do not include provisions that relate specifically to the UK Takeover Code. Where applicable, we have also described in the summary below modifications which have been made in the provisions of the New Bye-laws to the extent that such provisions differ from the position under our bye-laws applicable at the closing of this offering.

Because the following statements are summaries, they do not discuss all aspects of Bermuda law that may be relevant to us and to our shareholders.

Share capital and bye-laws applicable at the closing of this offering

Our authorized share capital consists of 5,171,949,000 common shares of par value US$0.001 per share. Upon completion of this offering, there will be 63,861,614 common shares outstanding. All of our issued and outstanding common shares will be fully paid and nonassessable. We also have an employee incentive program, pursuant to which we have granted share awards to our senior management and certain key employees. See "Management."

The Bermuda Companies Act confers no automatic pre-emption rights that attach to the share capital of the company but our bye-laws generally confer the right of pre-emption on shareholders in respect of the allotment of shares or securities convertible into shares (other than shares allotted to any Employee Share Scheme). Such pre-emption rights can be dis-applied with the authority of a resolution passed by a majority of the shareholders who hold not less than 65% of the shares (being entitled to do so) vote in person or by proxy at a general meeting of the company of which notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly given, which we refer to in the bye-laws as a "Special Resolution." The New Bye-laws do not contain such preemptive rights.

Our bye-laws provide that the special rights attached to any class of shares of the company can be varied with the authority of a resolution passed by a majority of shareholders who hold not less than 65% of the issued shares of that class, with a quorum of two or more persons holding or representing by proxy 20% of the issued shares of such class (provided however that if the company or the class has only one shareholder, one shareholder present in person or proxy will constitute the necessary quorum). Unless otherwise expressly provided in the rights attaching to or the terms of issue of a particular class of shares,

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rights are not deemed to be altered by the creation of further shares ranking pari passu with such class of shares, the creation or issue for full value of further shares ranking as regards participation in the profits or assets of the company or otherwise in priority to the shares and/or the purchase or redemption by the company of any of its own shares. The New Bye-laws contain similar provisions.

Our bye-laws do not impose any limitations on the types of rights, which can be attached to any class of shares. The New Bye-laws give our board of directors the power to issue any unissued shares of the company on such terms and conditions as it may determine, subject to the terms of the New Bye-laws and any resolution of the shareholders to the contrary.

Common shares

Holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of holders of common shares. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any issued and outstanding preference shares, holders of common shares are entitled to receive such dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividend payments. Save for the right of pre-emption on shareholders in respect of the allotment of shares or securities convertible into shares described above, holders of common shares have no redemption, sinking fund, conversion, exchange or other subscription rights. In the event of our liquidation, the holders of common shares are entitled to share equally and ratably in our assets, if any, remaining after the payment of all of our debts and liabilities, subject to any liquidation preference on any outstanding preference shares.

Board composition

Our bye-laws provide that our board of directors will determine the size of the board, provided that it shall be not be composed of fewer than three directors. Our board of directors currently consists of seven directors.

Election and removal of directors

Although our bye-laws provide that our directors shall be elected for three-year terms, and that one-third of our directors stands for re-election every year, since 2006, we have adopted the policy of nominating our directors up for re-election each year, notwithstanding the fact that there are staggered, three-year appointments in place. All directors will be up for election each year at our annual general meeting of shareholders. The election of our directors will be determined by a majority of the votes cast at the general meeting of shareholders at which the directors are to be elected. The New Bye-laws preserve the staggered board provisions until the annual general meeting following the listing of the common shares on the NYSE. From and after the date of such annual general meeting, our directors shall hold office for such term as the shareholders shall determine or, in the absence of such determination, until the next annual general meeting or until their successors are elected or appointed or their office is otherwise vacated. Directors whose office has expired may offer themselves for re-election at each election of the directors.

Under our bye-laws, a director may be removed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote. Notice of the meeting convened for the purpose of removing the director containing a statement of the intention to do so, must be served on such director not less than 28 days before the meeting. Under the New Bye-laws, a director may be removed by a resolution adopted by 65% or more of the votes cast by shareholders who are entitled to vote. Notice convened for the purpose of removing the director, containing a statement of the intention to do so, must be served on such director not less than 14 days before the meeting.

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Any vacancy created by the removal of a director at a special general meeting may be filled at that meeting by the election of another director in his or her place or, in the absence of any such election, by the board of directors. Any other vacancy, including a newly created directorship, may be filled by our board of directors.

Proceedings of board of directors

Our bye-laws provide that our business shall be managed by or under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of directors may act by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present. The directors shall fix the quorum necessary for the transaction of business and, unless fixed at any other number, two directors shall constitute a quorum. Under the New Bye-laws, the quorum necessary for the transaction of business at meetings of the board of directors shall be the presence of a majority of the board of directors from time to time.

Duties of directors

Under Bermuda common law, members of a board of directors owe a fiduciary duty to the Company to act in good faith in their dealings with or on behalf of the company, and to exercise their powers and fulfill the duties of their office honestly. This duty has the following essential elements: (1) a duty to act in good faith in the best interests of the company; (2) a duty not to make a personal profit from opportunities that arise from the office of director; (3) a duty to avoid conflicts of interest; and (4) a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. The Bermuda Companies Act also imposes a duty on directors of a Bermuda company, to act honestly and in good faith, with a view to the best interests of the company, and to exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In addition, the Bermuda Companies Act imposes various duties on directors with respect to certain matters of management and administration of the company.

The Bermuda Companies Act provides that in any proceedings for negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust against any director, if it appears to a court that such officer is or may be liable in respect of the negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, but that he has acted honestly and reasonably, and that, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, including those connected with his appointment, he ought fairly to be excused for the negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, that court may relieve him, either wholly or partly, from any liability on such terms as the court may think fit. This provision has been interpreted to apply only to actions brought by or on behalf of the company against the directors.

By comparison, under Delaware law, the business and affairs of a corporation are managed by or under the direction of its board of directors. In exercising their powers, directors are charged with a duty of care and a duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that directors act in an informed and deliberate manner and to inform themselves, prior to making a business decision, of all relevant material information reasonably available to them. The duty of care also requires that directors exercise care in overseeing the conduct of corporate employees. The duty of loyalty is the duty to act in good faith, not out of self-interest, and in a manner which the director reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the shareholders. A party challenging the propriety of a decision of a board of directors bears the burden of rebutting the presumptions afforded to directors by the "business judgment rule." If the presumption is not rebutted, the business judgment rule attaches to protect the directors and their decisions. Where, however, the presumption is rebutted, the directors bear the burden of demonstrating the fairness of the relevant transaction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Delaware courts subject directors' conduct to

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enhanced scrutiny in respect of defensive actions taken in response to a threat to corporate control and approval of a transaction resulting in a sale of control of the corporation.

Interested directors

Pursuant to our bye-laws, a director shall declare the nature of his interest in any contract or arrangement with the company as required by the Bermuda Companies Act. A director so interested shall not, except in particular circumstances set out in our bye-laws, be entitled to vote or be counted in the quorum at a meeting in relation to any resolution in which he has an interest, which is to his knowledge, a material interest (otherwise than by virtue of his interest in shares or debentures or other securities of or otherwise in or through the company). This is also the position under the New Bye-laws. In addition, the director will not be liable to us for any profit realized from the transaction. In contrast, under Delaware law, such a contract or arrangement is voidable unless it is approved by a majority of disinterested directors or by a vote of shareholders, in each case if the material facts as to the interested director's relationship or interests are disclosed or are known to the disinterested directors or shareholders, or such contract or arrangement is fair to the corporation as of the time it is approved or ratified. Additionally, such interested director could be held liable for a transaction in which such director derived an improper personal benefit.

Indemnification of directors and officers

Bermuda law provides generally that a Bermuda company may indemnify its directors and officers against any loss arising from or liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise be imposed on them in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust except in cases where such liability arises from fraud or dishonesty of which such director or officer may be guilty in relation to the company.

Our bye-laws provide that we shall indemnify our officers and directors in respect of their actions and omissions, except in respect of their fraud or dishonesty, and (by incorporation of the provisions of the Bermuda Companies Act) that we may advance monies to our officers and directors for costs, charges and expenses incurred by our officers and directors in defending any civil or criminal proceeding against them on the condition that the officers and directors repay the monies if any allegation of fraud or dishonesty is proved against them. Our bye-laws provide that the company and the shareholders waive all claims or rights of action that they might have, individually or in right of the company, against any of the company's directors or officers for any act or failure to act in the performance of such director's or officer's duties, except in respect of any fraud or dishonesty. The New Bye-laws also include similar provisions.

Meetings of shareholders

Under Bermuda law, a company is required to convene the annual general meeting of shareholders each calendar year, unless the shareholders in a general meeting, elect to dispense with the holding of annual general meetings. Under Bermuda law and our bye-laws, a special general meeting of shareholders may be called by the board of directors or the chairman and may be called upon the requisition of shareholders holding not less than 10% of the paid-up capital of the company carrying the right to vote at general meetings of shareholders. This is also the position under the New Bye-laws.

Our bye-laws provide that, at any general meeting of shareholders, the presence in person or by proxy of at least two shareholders shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business unless the company only has one shareholder, in which case such shareholder shall constitute a quorum. Unless otherwise

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required by law or by our bye-laws, shareholder action requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares voting at a general meeting at which a quorum is present.

Under the New Bye-laws, at any general meeting of the shareholders, the presence in person or by proxy of two or more shareholders representing in excess of 50% of the total issued voting shares of the company shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business unless the company only has one shareholder, in which case such shareholder shall constitute a quorum. Unless otherwise required by law or by the New Bye-laws, shareholder action requires a resolution adopted by a majority of votes cast by shareholders at a general meeting at which a quorum is present.

Shareholder proposals

Under Bermuda law, shareholders holding at least 5% of the total voting rights of all the shareholders having at the date of the requisition a right to vote at the meeting to which the requisition relates or any group composed of at least 100 or more shareholders may require a proposal to be submitted to an annual general meeting of shareholders. Under our bye-laws, any shareholders wishing to nominate a person for election as a director or propose business to be transacted at a meeting of shareholders must provide (among other things) advance notice, as set out in our bye-laws. Shareholders may only propose a person for election as a director at an annual general meeting. The New Bye-laws include similar provisions.

Shareholder action by written consent

Our bye-laws provide that, except for the removal of auditors and directors, any actions which shareholders may take at a general meeting of shareholders may be taken by the shareholders through the unanimous written consent of the shareholders who would be entitled to vote on the matter at the general meeting. This is also the position under the New Bye-laws.

Amendment of memorandum of association and bye-laws

Our memorandum of association may be amended with the approval of a majority of our board of directors and a simple majority of votes cast by shareholders owning the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote. Our bye-laws may be amended with the approval of a majority of our board of directors and by Special Resolution. Once adopted, the New Bye-laws may be amended with the approval of a majority of our board of directors and by a resolution by a majority of the votes cast by shareholders who (being entitled to do so) vote in person or by proxy at any general meeting of the shareholders in accordance with the provisions of the New Bye-laws.

Business combinations

A Bermuda company may engage in a business combination pursuant to a tender offer, amalgamation, merger or sale of assets. The amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company generally requires the amalgamation or merger agreement to be approved by the company's board of directors and by its shareholders. Shareholder approval is not required where (a) a holding company and one or more of its wholly-owned subsidiary companies amalgamate or merge or (b) two or more wholly-owned subsidiary companies of the same holding company amalgamate or merge. Under the Bermuda Companies Act (save for such "short-form amalgamations"), unless a company's bye-laws provide otherwise, the approval of 75% of the shareholders voting at a meeting is required to approve the amalgamation or merger agreement, and the quorum for such meeting must be two persons holding or

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representing more than one-third of the issued shares of the company. Our bye-laws provide that an amalgamation must be approved by our board of directors and by a Special Resolution. Our bye-laws do not contain provisions relating to mergers and a merger would therefore require the approval of 75% of shareholders voting at the meeting, as required by the Bermuda Companies Act. Under the New Bye-laws, an amalgamation or merger will require the approval of our board of directors and of our shareholders by a resolution adopted by 65% or more of the votes cast by shareholders who (being entitled to do so) vote in person or by proxy at any general meeting of the shareholders in accordance with the provisions of the New Bye-laws. Under Bermuda law, in the event of an amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company or corporation, a shareholder who is not satisfied that fair value has been offered for such shareholder's shares may, within month of the notice of the shareholders meeting, apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda to appraise the value of those shares.

Under the Bermuda Companies Act, we are not required to seek the approval of our shareholders for the sale of all or substantially all of our assets. However, Bermuda courts will view decisions of the English courts as highly persuasive and English authorities suggest that such sales do require shareholder approval. Our bye-laws provide that, subject to the Bermuda Companies Act, our bye-laws and to any directions by the Company in general meeting, the directors shall manage the business of the Company and may pay all expenses incurred in promoting and incorporating the company and may exercise all the powers of the Company including, but not by way of limitation, the power to borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or any part of the undertaking property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital of the Company and to issue debentures and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or any other persons. This is also the position under the New Bye-laws.

Under Bermuda law, where an offer is made for shares of a company and, within four months of the offer, the holders of not less than 90% of the shares not owned by the offeror, its subsidiaries or their nominees accept such offer, the offeror may by notice require the non-tendering shareholders to transfer their shares on the terms of the offer. Dissenting shareholders do not have express appraisal rights but are entitled to seek relief (within one month of the compulsory acquisition notice) from the court, which has power to make such orders as it thinks fit. Additionally, where one or more parties hold not less than 95% of the shares of a company, such parties may, pursuant to a notice given to the remaining shareholders, acquire the shares of such remaining shareholders. Dissenting shareholders have a right to apply to the court for appraisal of the value of their shares within one month of the compulsory acquisition notice. If a dissenting shareholder is successful in obtaining a higher valuation, that valuation must be paid to all shareholders being squeezed out.

Dividends and repurchase of shares

Pursuant to our bye-laws and the New Bye-laws, our board of directors has the authority to declare dividends and authorize the repurchase of shares subject to applicable law. Under Bermuda law, a company may not declare or pay a dividend if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the company is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due or the realizable value of its assets would thereby be less than its liabilities. Under Bermuda law, a company cannot purchase its own shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the company is, or after the repurchase would be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due.

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Shareholder suits

Class actions and derivative actions are generally not available to shareholders under Bermuda law. The Bermuda courts, however, would ordinarily be expected to permit a shareholder to commence an action in the name of a company to remedy a wrong to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond the corporate power of the company or illegal, or would result in the violation of the company's memorandum of association or bye-laws. Furthermore, consideration would be given by a Bermuda court to acts that are alleged to constitute a fraud against the minority shareholders or where an act requires the approval of a greater percentage of the company's shareholders than that which actually approved it.

When the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner which is oppressive or prejudicial to the interests of some part of the shareholders, one or more shareholders may apply under the Bermuda Companies Act for an order of the Supreme Court of Bermuda, which may make such order as it sees fit, including an order regulating the conduct of the company's affairs in the future or ordering the purchase of the shares of any shareholders by other shareholders or by the company.

Access to books and records and dissemination of information

Members of the general public have a right to inspect the public documents of a company available at the office of the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda. These documents include the company's memorandum of association and any amendments thereto. The shareholders have the additional right to inspect the bye-laws of the company, minutes of general meetings of shareholders and the company's audited financial statements. The company's audited financial statements must be presented at the annual general meeting of shareholders, unless the board and all the shareholders agree to the waiving of the audited financials. The company's share register is open to inspection by shareholders and by members of the general public without charge. A company is required to maintain its share register in Bermuda but may, subject to the provisions of the Bermuda Companies Act, establish a branch register outside of Bermuda. Bermuda law does not, however, provide a general right for shareholders to inspect or obtain copies of any other corporate records.

Registrar or transfer agent

A register of holders of the common shares will be maintained by Coson Corporate Services Ltd. in Bermuda, and a branch register will be maintained in the United States by Computershare Trust Company, N.A., who will serve as branch registrar and transfer agent.

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Common shares eligible for future sale

Upon completion of this offering, our issued and outstanding share capital will consist of 63,861,614 common shares, assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. All of our common shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable by persons other than our "affiliates" (as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act) without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. The remaining common shares are "restricted securities" under Rule 144.

Future sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common shares. Our common shares are currently admitted for trading on AIM under the symbol "GPK." Conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, we intend to cancel the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM at 7:00 am GMT on February 19, 2014. We also intend to de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE. While our common shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE under the symbol "GPRK," a regular trading market may not develop in our common shares.

Lock-up agreements

Subject to certain exceptions, we, our directors, executive officers and certain of our shareholders collectively holding 26,115,962 of our common shares or 59.5% of our common shares outstanding immediately prior to this offering, have entered into lock-up agreements with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, pursuant to which each of these persons or entities, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, may not, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, who shall provide prior notice to the other underwriters: (1) issue, offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC or any other securities regulatory authority a registration statement or similar application under the Securities Act or any other securities law relating to, any of our common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares (including without limitation, our common shares or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such person in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant), or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing; (2) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common shares or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) is to be settled by delivery of our common shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; or (3) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of our common shares or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares, as applicable.

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC has advised us that it has no present intention or arrangement to release any of the securities subject to a lock-up agreement and any future request for such a release will be considered in light of the particular circumstances surrounding the request. See "Underwriting—Lock-up agreements."

Certain of our employees, including our executive officers, and/or directors may enter into written trading plans that are intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Sales under these trading plans would not be permitted until the expiration of the lock-up agreements relating to the offering described above.

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Rule 144

In general, under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, as in effect on the date of this prospectus, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, a person who is an affiliate of ours, or who was an affiliate at any time during the 90 days before a sale, who has beneficially owned restricted shares for at least six months, will be entitled to sell in any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:

•
  1% of the number of our issued common shares, which will equal approximately 638,616 shares immediately after this offering; and
•
  the average weekly trading volume of our common shares on the NYSE during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the SEC with respect to such sale.

Sales by our affiliates pursuant to Rule 144 are subject to requirements relating to manner of sale, notice and availability of current public information about us.

In general, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, a person who is not an affiliate of ours at the time of sale, and has not been an affiliate at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned our common shares for at least six months but less than a year (including any period of consecutive ownership of preceding non-affiliated holders) is entitled to sell such shares subject only to the availability of current public information about us. If such person has held our shares for at least one year, such person can resell under Rule 144 without regard to any Rule 144 restrictions, including the 90-day public company requirement and the current public information requirement.

Non-affiliate resales are not subject to the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice filing provisions of Rule 144.

Form S-8 registration statement

We may file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register our common shares that are issued or reserved for issuance pursuant to our award plans. Shares covered by this registration statement would be eligible for sale in the public markets, subject to vesting restrictions, any applicable lock-up agreements described herein and Rule 144 limitations applicable to affiliates.

For a description of our award plans, see "Management."

Rule 701

In general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act as currently in effect, each of our employees, consultants or advisors who purchase our common shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock plan or other written agreement executed prior to the completion of this offering is eligible to resell such common shares in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliance with some of the restrictions, including the holding period, contained in Rule 144.

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Material tax considerations

Bermuda tax considerations

At the date of this prospectus, there is no Bermuda income or profits tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax, capital transfer tax, estate duty or inheritance tax payable by us or by our shareholders in respect of our common shares. We have obtained an assurance from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax Protection Act 1966 that, in the event that any legislation is enacted in Bermuda imposing any tax computed on profits or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax, such tax shall not, until March 31, 2035, be applicable to us or to any of our operations or to our common shares, debentures or other obligations except insofar as such tax applies to persons ordinarily resident in Bermuda or is payable by us in respect of real property owned or leased by us in Bermuda. We pay annual Bermuda government fees.

Material U.S. federal income tax considerations

The following is a description of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders (as defined below) of owning and disposing of our common shares. This discussion is not a comprehensive description of all tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person's decision to acquire our common shares. This discussion applies only to a U.S. Holder that holds our common shares as capital assets for tax purposes. In addition, it does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of the U.S. Holder's particular circumstances, including alternative minimum tax and Medicare contribution tax consequences and differing tax consequences applicable to a U.S. Holder subject to special rules, such as:

•
  a financial institution;
•
  a dealer or trader in securities;
•
  a person holding common shares as part of a straddle, wash sale or conversion transaction or entering into a constructive sale with respect to the common shares;
•
  a person whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
•
  a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•
  a tax-exempt entity, including an "individual retirement account" or "Roth IRA;"
•
  a person that owns or is deemed to own 10% or more of our voting stock; or
•
  a person holding common shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside of the United States.

If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds common shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding common shares and partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisers as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of their investment in our common shares.

This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions, and final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, all as of the date hereof, any of which is subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. U.S. Holders should consult

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their tax advisers concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of owning and disposing of our common shares in their particular circumstances.

A "U.S. Holder" is a beneficial owner of our common shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes that is:

•
  a citizen or individual resident of the United States;
•
  a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia; or
•
  an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source.

This discussion assumes that we are not, and will not become, a passive foreign investment company, as described below.

Taxation of distributions

Distributions paid on our common shares will generally be treated as dividends to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Because we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions will generally be reported to U.S. Holders as dividends. Dividends paid by qualified foreign corporations to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders may be taxable at favorable rates. A foreign corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid on stock that is readily tradable on a securities market in the United States, such as the NYSE, which has approved the listing of our common shares for trading. Non-corporate U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers to determine whether the favorable rate will apply to dividends they receive and whether they are subject to any special rules that limit their ability to be taxed at this favorable rate.

A dividend generally will be included in a U.S. Holder's income when received, will be treated as foreign-source income to U.S. Holders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally available to U.S. corporations under the Code with respect to dividends paid by domestic corporations.

Sale or other taxable disposition of common shares

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules described below, gain or loss realized on the sale or other taxable disposition of our common shares will be capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held our common shares for more than one year. Long-term capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. Holder is generally taxed at preferential rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. The amount of the gain or loss will equal the difference between the U.S. Holder's tax basis in the common shares disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition. This gain or loss will generally be U.S.-source gain or loss for foreign tax credit purposes.

Passive foreign investment company rules

We believe that we were not a "passive foreign investment company," or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for 2013, and we do not expect to be a PFIC in the foreseeable future. However, because the composition of our income and assets will vary over time, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for any taxable year. The determination of whether we are a PFIC is made annually and is based upon the composition of our income and assets (including the income and assets of, among others, entities in which we hold at least a 25% interest), and the nature of our activities.

If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held our common shares, gain recognized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition (including certain pledges) of our common

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shares would generally be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder's holding period for the common shares. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other disposition and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations for that year, as appropriate, and an interest charge would be imposed. Further, to the extent that any distribution received by a U.S. Holder on its common shares exceeds 125% of the average of the annual distributions on the shares received during the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder's holding period, whichever is shorter, that distribution would be subject to taxation in the same manner as gain, as described immediately above. Certain elections may be available that would result in alternative treatments (such as mark-to-market treatment) of our common shares. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers to determine whether any of these elections would be available and, if so, what the consequences of the alternative treatments would be in their particular circumstances.

Information reporting and backup withholding

Payments of dividends and sales proceeds that are made within the United States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries generally are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding unless (1) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient or (2) in the case of backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is not subject to backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the holder's U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle it to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

Chilean tax on transfers of shares

In September 2012, Article 10 of the Chilean Income Tax Law Decree Law No. 824 of 1974, or the indirect transfer rules, were enacted, and impose taxes on the indirect transfer of shares, equity rights, interests or other rights in the equity, control or profits of a Chilean entity as well as transfers of other assets and property of permanent establishments or other businesses in Chile, or the Chilean Assets.

The indirect transfer rules apply to sales of shares of an entity:

•
  If such entity is an offshore holding company located in a black-listed tax haven jurisdiction as determined by Chilean tax law, or a black-listed jurisdiction, (such as Bermuda) that holds Chilean Assets; and either a Chilean resident holds 5% or more of such entity, or such entity's rights to equity, control or profits, or 50% or more of such entity's rights to equity or profits are held by residents in black-listed jurisdictions; or
•
  the shares or rights transferred represent 10% or more of the offshore holding company (considering dispositions by related persons and over the preceding 12-month period) and the underlying Chilean Assets indirectly transferred, in the proportion indirectly owned by the seller, (a) are valued in an amount equal to or higher than UTA 210,000 (approximately US$200 million) (adjusted by the Chilean inflation unit of reference) or (b) represent 20% or more of the market value of the interest held by such seller in such offshore holding company.

As a result of these rules, a capital gain tax of 35% will be applied by the Chilean tax authorities to the sale of any of our common shares if either of the above alternative are met.

As of September 30, 2013, our Chilean Assets represented more than UTA 210,000 and represent more than 20% of our market value.

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The 35% rate is calculated pursuant to one of the following methods, as determined by the seller:

•
  the sale price of the shares minus the acquisition cost of such shares, multiplied by the percentage or proportion of the part of the underlying Chilean Assets' fair market value (which assets are deemed to be "indirectly transferred" by virtue of the sale of shares) to the fair market value of the shares of the seller; or
•
  the portion of the sales price of the shares equal to the proportion of the fair market value of the underlying Chilean Assets, minus the corresponding proportion in the tax cost of such Chilean Assets for the corresponding holding entity.

However, the seller may opt to be taxed as if the underlying Chilean Assets had been sold directly in which case a different set of tax rules may apply.

The tax is payable by the seller of the shares; however, the buyer shall make a provisional withholding unless the seller declares and pays the tax within the month following the sale, payment, remittance or it is credited into its account or is put at its disposal. Also, if the seller fails to declare and pay this tax, and the buyer has not complied with its withholding obligations, the Chilean tax authority (Servicio de Impuestos Internos) may charge such tax directly to any of them. In addition, the Chilean tax authority may require us, the seller, the buyer, or its representative in Chile, to file an affidavit with the information necessary to assess this tax.

Immediately following the closing of the offering, based on information available to us, we do not expect (i) any Chilean resident will hold 5% or more of our rights to equity, control or profits; or (ii) residents in black-listed jurisdictions will hold 50% or more of our rights to equity, control or profits. Therefore, based on our current expectations, we do not believe the indirect transfer rules will apply to transfers of our common shares immediately following the closing of the offering, unless the shares or rights transferred represent 10% or more of the company and the other conditions described above are met (considering dispositions by related persons and over the preceding 12-month period).

However, there can be no assurance that, at the closing or at any time following closing, a Chilean resident will not hold 5% or more of our rights to equity, control or profits or that residents in black-listed jurisdictions will not hold 50% or more of our rights to equity, control or profits. If this were to occur, all sales of our common shares would be subject to the indirect transfer tax referred to above.

Our expectations regarding the indirect transfer rules are based on our understandings, analysis and interpretation of these enacted indirect transfer rules, which are subject to additional interpretation and rule-making by the Chilean authorities. As such, there is uncertainty relating to the application by Chilean authorities of the indirect transfer rules on us.

See "Risk Factors—Risks relating to the offering and our common shares—The transfer of our common shares may be subject to capital gains taxes pursuant to recently-enacted indirect transfer rules in Chile."

UK Stamp duty or stamp duty reserve tax

Provided that we do not maintain a share register in the UK for our common shares, dealings in our common shares are not generally subject to UK stamp duty or stamp duty reserve tax. However, if a transfer form relating to such shares is executed in the UK, that transfer would in principle be liable to duty. In addition, dealings in our shares which are listed on AIM currently take the form of dealings in UK depository interests, which are subject to stamp duty reserve tax. However, once and while our common shares are listed on the NYSE, we would expect that an exemption from stamp duty reserve tax would apply and as a result, it would not be expected that stamp duty reserve tax would apply to any dealings when the NYSE listing is in place.

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Underwriting

We are offering our common shares through a number of underwriters. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Banco BTG Pactual S.A.—Cayman Branch and Itau BBA USA Securities Inc. are acting as representatives of the underwriters. Subject to the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an underwriting agreement dated , 2014, among us and the representatives of the underwriters, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters named below, and each of the underwriters has agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase from us, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of our common shares listed next to its name in the following table:

Underwriter |  | Number of common shares |
--- | --- | --- | ---
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC |  |  |  |
Banco BTG Pactual S.A.—Cayman Branch(1) |  |  |  |
Itau BBA USA Securities Inc. |  |  |  |
Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. |  |  |  |
Total |  |  |  |

(1) Banco BTG Pactual S.A.—Cayman Branch is not a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and therefore may not make sales of our common shares in the United States or to U.S. persons except in compliance with applicable U.S. laws and regulations. To the extent that Banco BTG Pactual S.A.—Cayman Branch intends to effect sales of our common shares in the United States, it will do so only through BTG Pactual US Capital LLC or one or more U.S. registered broker-dealers, or otherwise as permitted by applicable U.S. law.

The underwriters are committed to purchase all of the common shares offered by us if they purchase any common shares. The underwriting agreement provides that if an underwriter defaults on its obligation to purchase its share of our common shares being offered hereby, we or the non-defaulting underwriters may arrange for the purchase of such common shares by other persons satisfactory to us on the terms contained in the underwriting agreement, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or this offering may be terminated. The underwriting agreement also provides that the obligation of the underwriters to place the common shares is subject to, among other conditions, the absence of any material adverse change in our business or prospects, the delivery of certain certificates, letters and legal opinions from us, our counsel, the independent engineers and the independent auditors.

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering and one or more of the underwriters participating in this offering may distribute prospectuses electronically. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of our common shares to underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated to underwriters and selling group members that may make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

Over-allotment option

We have granted the underwriters an option, exercisable at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, on or before the thirtieth day following the date of this prospectus, upon written notice from J.P. Morgan Securities LLC to us, with a copy to the other underwriters, to purchase up to 800,000 additional common shares, at the public offering price less an amount per common share equal to any dividends or distributions, if any, declared by us and payable on our common shares but not payable on these

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additional common shares, to cover over-allotments, if any, provided that the decision to over-allocate the common shares is made jointly by the underwriters at the time the price per common share is determined. If any additional common shares are to be purchased with this over-allotment option, the underwriters will purchase such additional common shares in approximately the same proportion as shown in the table above. If any additional common shares are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional common shares on the same terms as those on which the common shares are being offered.

Underwriting discounts and commissions

The underwriters propose to offer our common shares directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of US$ per common share. Any such dealers may resell common shares to certain other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to US$ per common share from the public offering price. After the public offering price of our common shares, the offering price and other selling terms may be changed by the underwriters. Sales of common shares made outside of the United States may be made by affiliates of the underwriters. After the public offering, the offering price and other selling terms may be changed. The offering of our common shares by the underwriters is subject to their receipt and acceptance of, and is also subject to their and our right to reject, any order in whole or in part.

The underwriting fee in connection with the offering of our common shares is equal to the public offering price per common shares less the amount paid by the underwriters to us. The underwriting fee is US$ per common share. The following table shows the per common share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters in this offering assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the over-allotment option.

Underwriting discounts and commissions |  | Without over- allotment exercise |  | With full over- allotment exercise |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Per common share |  | US$ |  |  | US$ |  |
Total |  | US$ |  |  | US$ |  |

We estimate that the total expenses of this offering, including taxes, registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and accounting expenses, but excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately US$4.5 million, which includes an amount not to exceed US$1.3 million that we have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for certain expenses incurred by them in connection with this offering. These expenses are reflected in "Expenses of the offering."

Participation in this offering

We have received the following indications of interest to purchase in this offering, at the public offering price, an aggregate of US$60.0 million (or 8,000,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus): (i) Mr. James F. Park (or any of his affiliates), our Chief Executive Officer, one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$2.0 million (or 266,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (ii) Mr. Juan Cristobal Pavez (or any of his affiliates), one of our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors: US$5.0 million (or 666,666 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus); (iii) certain private investment funds managed and controlled by Cartica Management, LLC: US$33.0 million (or 4,400,000 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the set forth on the cover page of this prospectus). Mr. Steven Quamme, one of

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our principal shareholders and a member of our board of directors, is the Senior Managing Director of Cartica Management, LLC, and therefore may be deemed to have voting and investment power over the common shares of GeoPark Limited held by Cartica Management, LLC; and (iv) certain members of Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family (or any of their respective affiliates that do not include Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy): US$20.0 million (or 2,666,667 of our common shares, at the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

Any shares acquired by Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy's family are not expected to be subject to the 180 day lock-up restrictions described in this prospectus. Mr. Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy, our Executive Chairman, a member of our board of directors and one of our principal shareholders is not expected to have a beneficial interest in the common shares that may be acquired by his family members. The underwriters will not receive any underwriting discount or commissions in connection with the sale of our common shares, to the extent they are purchased pursuant to these indications of interest. Following the completion of this offering, and assuming the purchase of all of the common shares described above, our board of directors and senior management will be deemed to beneficially own, in the aggregate approximately 48.8% of our outstanding common shares (assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option). Any shares purchased by our affiliates or the private investment funds described above in this offering will be subject to lock-up restrictions and volume restrictions applicable to our affiliates as described under "Common shares eligible for future sale—Rule 144."

Lock-up agreements

Subject to certain exceptions, we, our directors, executive officers and certain of our shareholders, collectively holding 26,115,962 of our common shares, or 59.5% of our common shares outstanding immediately prior to this offering, intend to enter into lock-up agreements with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, pursuant to which each of these persons or entities, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus (the "Lock-Up Period"), may not, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, who shall provide prior notice to the other underwriters: (1) issue (applicable to us only), offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC or any other securities regulatory authority a registration statement or similar application under the Securities Act or any other securities law relating to, any of our common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares (collectively with our common shares, the "Lock-Up Securities") (including without limitation, Lock-Up Securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such person in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant), or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing; (2) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) is to be settled by delivery of Lock-Up Securities, in cash or otherwise; or (3) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any Lock-Up Securities (applicable to our directors, executive officers and certain other holders of our outstanding shares only).

The lock-up restrictions described in the preceding paragraph do not apply to the following:

(1) the sale of common shares to the underwriters in the offering;

(2) transfers of Lock-Up Securities (i) as a bona fide gift or gifts; (ii) to any immediate family member (for purposes of this provision, "immediate family" shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage,

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civil union or adoption, not more remote than first cousin); (iii) to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the director, executive officer or holder or its immediate family; or (iv) as a distribution to direct or indirect affiliates, limited partners, members or shareholders of the director, executive officer or holder or other business entity, in each case that controls, is controlled by or is under common control of the director, executive officer or holder; provided that in the case of any such transfer, each donee or distributee shall execute and deliver to J.P. Morgan Securities LLC a lock-up agreement;

(3) transfers of Lock-Up Securities expressly required pursuant to a court order or the order of any other authority having jurisdiction upon the director, executive officer or shareholder;

(4) the issuance by us of shares of, or options to purchase shares of, common shares, restricted stock units or other equity awards to our employees, officers, directors, advisors or consultants pursuant to the employee benefit plans described in this prospectus, provided that directors or officers who are subject to the lock-up restrictions described above continue to be subject to such restrictions;

(5) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act for the transfer of Lock-Up Securities, provided that no sales of Lock-Up Securities shall be made pursuant to any such plan prior to the expiration of the Lock-up Period and no public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act or any other applicable securities laws regarding the establishment of such plan will be required or voluntarily made by or on behalf of us, the director, executive officer or shareholder during the Lock-Up Period;

(6) the disposition of Lock-Up Securities by the director, executive officer or shareholder or the withholding of Lock-Up Securities by the Company, solely in connection with the payment of taxes due with respect to the issuance or vesting of Lock-up Securities, insofar as such Lock-up Securities are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus;

(7) purchases of Lock-Up Securities by us in connection with a termination of employment or resignation of a director, officer or employee;

(8) tenders of Lock-Up Securities made in response to a bona fide third- party take-over bid made to all holders of Lock-Up Securities, as applicable, or any other acquisition transaction whereby all or substantially all of the Lock-Up Securities, as applicable, are to be acquired by such third party; provided that in the event that such third-party take-over or other acquisition transaction is not completed, the Lock-Up Securities shall remain subject to the lock-up restrictions described above;

(9) transfers or dispositions of common shares acquired in open market transactions after completion of this offering;

(10) the filing by the Company of one or more Registration Statements of Form S-8 with respect to employee benefit plans described in this prospectus; and

(11) the pledge of 1,421,397 shares held by two of our existing shareholders pursuant to the terms of a lending arrangement;

provided further that no public announcement or filing shall be required or shall be voluntarily made in connection with (2), (4), (6), (7) and (9) above (other than a filing on Form 13F or a filing on Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G (or 13D-A or 13G-A), as applicable, that is required by law to be made after the expiration of the 180-day period after the date of this prospectus).

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J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, in its sole discretion, may release our common shares subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time. However, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC has advised us that it has no present intention or arrangement to release any of the securities subject to a lock-up agreement and any future request for such a release will be considered in light of the particular circumstances surrounding the request.

Indemnification

We have agreed to indemnify and hold harmless the underwriters and their affiliates, directors and officers against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in that respect.

Price stabilization and short positions

In connection with this offering, the underwriters, through J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, acting as the stabilization agent, may engage in stabilizing transactions, which involves making bids for, purchasing and selling our common shares in the open market for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common shares while this offering is in progress. These stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of our common shares, which involves the sale by the stabilization agent of a greater number of our common shares than the underwriters are required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing our common shares in the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be "covered" shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the over-allotment option referred to above, or may be "naked" shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount. The stabilization agent may close out any covered short position either by exercising its over-allotment option, in whole or in part, or by purchasing our common shares in the open market. In making this determination, the stabilization agent will consider, among other things, the price of our common shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the stabilization agent may purchase our common shares through the over-allotment option. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the stabilization agent is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our common shares in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. To the extent that the stabilization agent creates a naked short position, it will purchase our common shares in the open market to cover the position.

The underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to Regulation M of the Securities Act, the stabilization agent may also engage in other activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common shares, including the imposition of penalty bids. This means that if the stabilization agent purchases our common shares in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short sales, the stabilization agent may be required to sell those common shares as part of the offering or to repay the underwriting discount received by the stabilization agent.

These activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common shares, and, as a result, the price of our common shares may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Listing

Our common shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE under the symbol "GPRK." Prior to this offering, our common shares have traded, and immediately subsequent to this offering will continue to trade,

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on AIM under the symbol "GPK" and on the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange under the symbol "GPK." Conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, we intend to cancel the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM at 7:00 am GMT on February 19, 2014. We also intend to de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE.

Trading market

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market in the United States for our common shares. The public offering price will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters. In determining the public offering price, we and the underwriters expect to consider a number of factors including:

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  the information set forth in this prospectus and otherwise available to the underwriters;
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  our prospects and the history and prospects for the industry in which we compete;
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  an assessment of our management;
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  our prospects for future earnings;
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  the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering;
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  the recent market prices of, and demand for, publicly traded securities of generally comparable companies; and
•
  other factors deemed relevant by the underwriters and us.

The price of our common shares on AIM and the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange during recent periods may also be considered in determining the public offering price. It should be noted, however, that historically there has been a limited volume of trading in our common shares on AIM and the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange. Conditional upon the listing of our common shares on the NYSE, we intend to cancel the admission of our common shares to trading on AIM. We also intend to de-register from the Santiago Offshore Stock Exchange as soon as practicable following the listing of our common shares on the NYSE.

Neither we nor the underwriters can assure investors that an active trading market on the NYSE will develop for our common shares or that such common shares will trade on the NYSE at or above the public offering price.

Other relationships

The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include sales and trading, commercial and investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, brokerage and other financial and non-financial activities and services. Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have provided in the past to us and our affiliates and may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services, including but not limited to credit facilities, for us and such affiliates in the ordinary course of their business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. In addition, from time to time, certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the account of customers, and hold on behalf of themselves or their customers, long or short positions in our debt or equity securities or loans, and may do so in the future.

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The underwriters and/or their respective affiliates may also enter into derivative transactions in connection with our common shares, acting at the order and for the account of their clients. The underwriters and/or their affiliates may also purchase some of our common shares offered hereby to hedge their risk exposure in connection with these transactions. Such transactions may have an effect on demand, price or other terms of this offering without, however, creating an artificial demand during this offering.

Selling restrictions

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the common shares offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The common shares offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such common shares be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any common shares offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

United Kingdom

This document is only being and may only be distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom; or (ii) persons in the United Kingdom who (a) are "qualified investors" within the meaning of Section 86(7) of the United Kingdom Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended (the "FSMA"), and (b) are either (1) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the "Order"), or (2) high net worth entities falling with Article 49 (2)(a) to (d) of the Order; or (iii) persons who are otherwise lawfully permitted to receive it (all such persons together being referred to as "relevant persons"). By accepting a copy of this document and offering to acquire common shares, potential investors in the United Kingdom will be deemed to have represented that they satisfy the criteria specified in clause (ii) above to be a relevant person. Our common shares are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such securities will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents. This document contains no offer of transferable securities to the public within the meaning of Sections 85(1) and 102B of the FSMA. This document is not a prospectus for the purposes of Section 85(1) of the FSMA. This document has not been examined or approved as a prospectus by the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority ("FCA") under Section 87A of the FSMA, has not been filed with the FCA pursuant to the rules published by the FCA implementing the Prospectus Directive (Directive 2003/71/EC) (the "United Kingdom Prospectus Rules") and it has not been approved by a person authorized under the FSMA for the purposes of Section 21 of the FSMA

Member States of the European Economic Area

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the EU Prospectus Directive (each, a "Relevant Member State"), from and including the date on which the EU Prospectus Directive was implemented in that Relevant Member State, an offer to the public of our common shares described in this prospectus may not be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to such common shares, which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member

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State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the EU Prospectus Directive, except that it may be made at any time:

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  to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in Article 2(1)(e) of the EU Prospectus Directive;
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  to fewer than 100 or, if the Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in in Article 2(1)(e) of the EU Prospectus Directive); or
•
  in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the EU Prospectus Directive whereby the offer of securities described in this prospectus shall not result in a requirement for the publication by us of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the EU Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer to the public" in relation to any securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities being offered, so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for such securities, as the same may be varied in that Relevant Member State by any measure implementing the EU Prospectus Directive in that Relevant Member State. The expression "EU Prospectus Directive" means Directive 2003/71/EC (and any amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State) and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State. The expression "2010 PD Amending Directive" means Directive 2010/73/EU.

Canada

The common shares may be sold only in the provinces of Ontario and Québec (collectively, the "Jurisdictions") to purchasers, purchasing as principal, that are resident in one of the Jurisdictions and who are both "accredited investors" as defined in National Instrument 45 106 Prospectus and Registration Exemptions and "permitted clients" as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the common shares must be made in accordance with an exemption from the prospectus requirements and in compliance with the registration requirements of applicable securities laws.

France

No common shares have been offered or sold or will be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France, except to permitted investors, or Permitted Investors, consisting of persons licensed to provide the investment service of portfolio management for the account of third parties, qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés) acting for their own account and/or corporate investors meeting one of the four criteria provided in Article 1 of Decree No. 2004-1019 of September 28, 2004 and belonging to a "limited circle of investors" (cercle restreint d'investisseurs) acting for their own account with "qualified investors" and "limited circle of investors" having the meaning ascribed to them in Article L. 411-2 of the French Code Monétaire et Financier and applicable regulations thereunder; and the direct or indirect resale to the public in France of any of our common shares acquired by any Permitted Investors may be made only as provided by Articles L. 412-1 and L. 621-8 of the French Code Monétaire et Financier and applicable regulations thereunder. None of this prospectus or any other materials related to the offering or information contained herein or therein relating to our common shares has been released, issued or distributed to the public in France except to qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés) and/or to a limited circle of investors (cercle restreint d'investisseurs) mentioned above.

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Germany

Our common shares will not be offered, sold or publicly promoted or advertised in the Federal Republic of Germany other than in compliance with the German Securities Prospectus Act (Gesetz uber die Erstellung, Billigung und Veroffentlichung des Prospekts, der beim offentlicken Angebot von Wertpapieren oder bei der Zulassung von Wertpapieren zum Handel an einem organisierten Markt zu veroffenlichen ist—Wertpapierprospektgesetz) as of June 22, 2005, effective as of July 1, 2005, as amended, or any other laws and regulations applicable in the Federal Republic of Germany governing the issue, offering and sale of securities. No selling prospectus (Verkaufsprospeckt) within the meaning of the German Securities Selling Prospectus Act has been or will be registered within the Financial Supervisory Authority of the Federal Republic of Germany or otherwise published in Germany.

Ireland

Our common shares will not be placed in or involving Ireland otherwise than in conformity with the provisions of the Intermediaries Act 1995 of Ireland (as amended) including, without limitation, Sections 9 and 23 (including advertising restrictions made thereunder) thereof and the codes of conduct made under Section 37 thereof.

Italy

The offering of our common shares has not been registered pursuant to Italian securities legislation, and, accordingly, none of our common shares may be offered or sold in the Republic of Italy in a solicitation to the public, and sales of our common shares in the Republic of Italy shall be effected in accordance with all Italian securities, tax and exchange control and other applicable laws and regulation.

No offer, sale or delivery of our common shares, or distribution of copies of any document relating to our common shares, will be made in the Republic of Italy except: (a) to "Professional Investors," as defined in Article 31.2 of Regulation No. 11522 of 1 July 1998 of the Commissione Nazionale per la Società e la Borsa, or the CONSOB, as amended, or CONSOB Regulation No. 11522, pursuant to Article 30.2 and 100 of Legislative Decree No. 58 of 24 February 1998, as amended, or the Italian Financial Act; or (b) in any other circumstances where an express exemption from compliance with the solicitation restrictions applies, as provided under the Italian Financial Act or Regulation No. 11971 of 14 May 1999, as amended.

Any such offer, sale or delivery of our common shares, or any document relating to our common shares in the Republic of Italy must be: (i) made by investment firms, banks or financial intermediaries permitted to conduct such activities in the Republic of Italy in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 385 of 1 September 1993 as amended, the Italian Financial Act, CONSOB Regulation No. 11522 and any other applicable laws and regulations; and (ii) in compliance with any other applicable notification requirement or limitation which may be imposed by CONSOB or the Bank of Italy.

Investors should also note that, in any subsequent distribution of our common shares in the Republic of Italy, Article 100-bis of the Italian Financial Act may require compliance with the law relating to public offers of securities. Furthermore, where our common shares are placed solely with professional investors and are then systematically resold on the secondary market at any time in the 12 months following such placing, purchasers of our common shares who are acting outside of the course of their business or profession may in certain circumstances be entitled to declare such purchase void and to claim damages from any authorized person at whose premises our common shares were purchased, unless an exemption provided for under the Italian Financial Act applies.

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Netherlands

Our common shares may not be offered, sold, transferred or delivered, in or from the Netherlands, as part of the initial distribution or as part of any reoffering, and neither this prospectus nor any other document in respect of the international offering may be distributed in or from the Netherlands, other than to individuals or legal entities who or which trade or invest in securities in the conduct of their profession or trade (which includes banks, investment banks, securities firms, insurance companies, pension funds, other institutional investors and treasury departments and finance companies of large enterprises), in which case, it must be made clear upon making the offer and from any documents or advertisements in which a forthcoming offering of our common shares is publicly announced that the offer is exclusively made to said individuals or legal entities.

Portugal

No document, circular, advertisement or any offering material in relation to our common shares has been or will be subject to approval by the Portuguese Securities Market Commission (Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários), or the CMVM. None of our common shares may be offered, reoffered, advertised, sold, resold or delivered in circumstances which could qualify as a public offer (oferta pública) pursuant to the Portuguese Securities Code (Código dos Valores Mobiliários), and/or in circumstances which could qualify the issue of our common shares as an issue or public placement of securities in the Portuguese market. This prospectus and any document, circular, advertisements or any offering material may not be directly or indirectly distributed to the public. All offers, sales and distributions of our common shares have been and may only be made in Portugal in circumstances that, pursuant to the Portuguese Securities Code, qualify as a private placement (oferta particular), all in accordance with the Portuguese Securities Code. Pursuant to the Portuguese Securities Code, the private placement in Portugal or to Portuguese residents of our common shares by public companies (sociedades abertas) or by companies that are issuers of securities listed on a market must be notified to the CMVM for statistical purposes. Any offer or sale of our common shares in Portugal must comply with all applicable provisions of the Portuguese Securities Code and any applicable CMVM Regulations and all relevant Portuguese laws and regulations. The placement of our common shares in the Portuguese jurisdiction or to any entities which are resident in Portugal, including the publication of a prospectus, when applicable, must comply with all applicable laws and regulations in force in Portugal and with the Prospectus Directive, and such placement shall only be performed to the extent that there is full compliance with such laws and regulations.

Spain

Our common shares have not been registered with the Spanish National Commission for the Securities Market and, therefore, none of our common shares may be publicly offered, sold or delivered, nor any public offer in respect of our common shares made, nor may any prospectus or any other offering or publicity material relating to our common shares be distributed in Spain by the international agents or any person acting on their behalf, except in compliance with Spanish laws and regulations.

Switzerland

This prospectus, as well as any other material relating to our common shares, which are the subject of the international offering contemplated by this prospectus, do not constitute an issue prospectus pursuant to Article 652a of the Swiss Code of Obligations. Our common shares will not be listed on the SWX Swiss Exchange and, therefore, the documents relating to our common shares, including, but not limited to, this document, do not claim to comply with the disclosure standards of the listing rules of the SWX Swiss Exchange and corresponding prospectus schemes annexed to the listing rules of the SWX Swiss Exchange. Our common shares are being offered in Switzerland by way of a private placement, (i.e., to a small

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number of selected investors only, without any public offer and only to investors who do not purchase our common shares with the intention to distribute them to the public). The investors will be individually approached by the international underwriters from time to time. This document, as well as any other material relating to our common shares is personal and confidential and do not constitute an offer to any other person. This document may only be used by those investors to whom it has been provided in connection with the international offering described herein and may neither directly nor indirectly be distributed or made available to other persons without our express consent. It may not be used in connection with any other offer and shall in particular not be copied and/or distributed to the public in (or from) Switzerland.

Australia

This prospectus is not a formal disclosure document and has not been, nor will it be, lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission. It does not purport to contain all information that an investor or their professional advisers would expect to find in a prospectus or other disclosure document (as defined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia)) for the purposes of Part 6D.2 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia) or in a product disclosure statement for the purposes of Part 7.9 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia), in either case, in relation to our common shares.

Our common shares are not being offered in Australia to "retail clients" as defined in sections 761G and 761GA of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia). The international offering is being made in Australia solely to "wholesale clients" for the purposes of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia) and, as such, no prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document in relation to our common shares has been, or will be, prepared.

This prospectus does not constitute an offer in Australia other than to persons who do not require disclosure under Part 6D.2 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia) and who are wholesale clients for the purposes of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia). By submitting an application for our common shares, you represent and warrant to us that you are a person who does not require disclosure under Part 6D.2 and who is a wholesale client for the purposes of section 761G of the Corporations Act 2001 (Australia). If any recipient of this prospectus is not a wholesale client, no offer of, or invitation to apply for, our common shares shall be deemed to be made to such recipient and no applications for our common shares will be accepted from such recipient. Any offer to a recipient in Australia, and any agreement arising from acceptance of such offer, is personal and may only be accepted by the recipient. In addition, by applying for our common shares, you undertake to us that, for a period of 12 months from the date of issue of our common shares, you will not transfer any interest in our common shares to any person in Australia other than to a person who does not require disclosure under Part 6D.2 and who is a wholesale client.

China

Our common shares may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly to the public in the People's Republic of China (China), and neither this prospectus, which has not been submitted to the Chinese Securities and Regulatory Commission, nor any offering material or information contained herein relating to our common shares may be supplied to the public in China or used in connection with any offer for the subscription or sale of our common shares to the public in China. Our common shares may only be offered or sold to China-related organizations which are authorized to engage in foreign exchange business and offshore investment from outside of China. Such China-related investors may be subject to foreign exchange control approval and filing requirements under the relevant Chinese foreign exchange regulations. For the purpose

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of this paragraph, China does not include Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

Hong Kong

This prospectus has not been reviewed or approved by or registered with any regulatory authority in Hong Kong. You are advised to exercise caution in relation to the offer. If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this prospectus, you should obtain independent professional advice. No person may offer or sell in Hong Kong, by means of any document, any of our common shares other than (i) to "professional investors" as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made under that Ordinance; or (ii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a "prospectus" as defined in the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer or invitation to the public within the meaning of that Companies Ordinance. No person may issue or have in its possession for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, any advertisement, invitation or document relating to our common shares that is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to our common shares that are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to "professional investors" as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made thereunder or to any persons in the circumstances referred to in paragraph (ii) above.

Japan

Our common shares have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan, or the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law, and, accordingly, no offer or sale of any of our common shares, directly or indirectly, will be made in Japan or to, or for the benefit of any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to a resident of Japan except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Securities and Exchange Law and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan. For purposes of this paragraph, "resident of Japan" shall have the meaning as defined under the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan.

Singapore

This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore, or the MAS, under the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore, or the Securities and Futures Act. Accordingly, our common shares may not be offered or sold or made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, nor may this prospectus or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale or invitation for subscription or purchase of such common shares be circulated or distributed, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than (a) to an institutional investor pursuant to Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, (b) to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the Securities and Futures Act, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the Securities and Futures Act, or (c) pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the Securities and Futures Act.

Each of the following relevant persons specified in Section 275 of the Securities and Futures Act which has subscribed or purchased our common shares, namely, a person who is: (i) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited

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investor; or (ii) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary is an accredited investor, should note that shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries' rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferable for six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired our common shares under Section 275 of the Securities and Futures Act except:

•
  to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act or to a relevant person defined in Section 275(2) of the Securities and Futures Act, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the Securities and Futures Act, and in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the Securities and Futures Act;
•
  where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer;
•
  by operation of law; or
•
  as specified in Section 276(7) of the Securities and Futures Act.

South Korea

Our common shares have not been and will not be registered with the Financial Services Commission of Korea for public offering in Korea under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, or the FSCMA. Our common shares may not be offered, sold or delivered, or offered or sold for reoffering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Korea or to any Korean resident (as such term is defined in the Foreign Exchange Transaction Law of Korea, or FETL) other than the Accredited Investors (as such term is defined in Article 11 of the Presidential Decree of the FSCMA), for a period of one year from the date of issuance of our common shares, except pursuant to the applicable laws and regulations of Korea, including the FSCMA and the FETL and the decrees and regulations thereunder. Our common shares may not be resold to Korean residents unless the purchaser of our common shares complies with all applicable regulatory requirements (including but not limited to government reporting requirements under the FETL and its subordinate decrees and regulations) in connection with the purchase of our common shares.

Kuwait

Our common shares have not been authorized or licensed for offering, marketing or sale in the State of Kuwait. The distribution of this prospectus and the offering and sale of our common shares in the State of Kuwait are restricted by law unless a license is obtained from the Kuwait Ministry of Commerce and Industry in accordance with Law 31 of 1990. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are required by us and the international underwriters to inform themselves about and to observe such restrictions. Investors in the State of Kuwait who approach us or any of the international underwriters to obtain copies of this prospectus are required by us and the international underwriters to keep such prospectus confidential and not to make copies thereof or distribute the same to any other person and are also required to observe the restrictions provided for in all jurisdictions with respect to offering, marketing and the sale of our common shares.

Qatar

This offering of our common shares does not constitute a public offer of securities in the State of Qatar under Law No. 5 of 2002 (the Commercial Companies Law). Our common shares are only being offered to a limited number of investors who are willing and able to conduct an independent investigation of the risks involved in an investment in our common shares or have sufficient knowledge of the risks involved in an investment in our common shares or are benefiting from preferential terms under a directed unit program for directors, officers and employees. No transaction will be concluded in the jurisdiction of the State of Qatar.

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United Arab Emirates

NOTICE TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (EXCLUDING THE DUBAI INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CENTRE)

Our common shares have not been, and are not being, publicly offered, sold, promoted or advertised in the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) other than in compliance with the laws of the U.A.E. Prospective investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre should have regard to the specific notice to prospective investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre set out below. The information contained in this prospectus does not constitute a public offer of our common shares in the U.A.E. in accordance with the Commercial Companies Law (Federal Law No. 8 of 1984 of the U.A.E., as amended) or otherwise and is not intended to be a public offer. This prospectus has not been approved by or filed with the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates, the Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority or the Dubai Financial Services Authority, or DFSA. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus, you should consult an authorized financial adviser. This prospectus is provided for the benefit of the recipient only, and should not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person.

The Dubai International Financial Centre

This prospectus relates to an Exempt Offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. This prospectus is intended for distribution only to persons of a type specified in the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with Exempt Offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein and has no responsibility for the prospectus. Our common shares, to which this prospectus relates, may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of our common shares offered should conduct their own due diligence on our common shares. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus, you should consult an authorized financial adviser.

Saudi Arabia

Any investor in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or who is a Saudi person (a Saudi Investor) who acquires our common shares pursuant to this offering should note that the offer of our common shares is an exempt offer under subparagraph (3) of paragraph (a) of Article 16 of the "Offer of Securities Regulations" as issued by the Board of the Capital Market Authority resolution number 2-11-2004 dated October 4, 2004 and amended by the resolution of the Board of Capital Market Authority resolution number 1-33-2004 dated December 21, 2004 (the KSA Regulations). Our common shares may be offered to no more than 60 Saudi Investors and the minimum amount payable per Saudi Investor must not be less than Saudi Riyal (SR) 1 million or an equivalent amount. This offering of our common shares is therefore exempt from the public offer provisions of the KSA Regulations, but is subject to the following restrictions on secondary market activity: (a) A Saudi Investor (the transferor) who has acquired our common shares pursuant to this exempt offer may not offer or sell our common shares to any person (referred to as a transferee) unless the price to be paid by the transferee for such our common shares equals or exceeds SR1 million. (b) If the provisions of paragraph (a) cannot be fulfilled because the price of our common shares being offered or sold to the transferee has declined since the date of the original exempt offer, the transferor may offer our common shares to the transferee if their purchase price during the period of the original exempt offer was equal to or exceeded SR1 million. (c) If the provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) cannot be fulfilled, the transferor may offer or sell our common shares if he/she sells his entire holding of our common shares to one transferee.

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Argentina

This prospectus has not been registered with the Comisión Nacional de Valores and may not be offered publicly in Argentina. The prospectus may not be publicly distributed in Argentina, and neither we nor the underwriters will solicit the public in Argentina in connection with this prospectus.

Brazil

For purposes of Brazilian law, this offer of our common shares is addressed to you personally, upon your request and for your sole benefit, and is not to be transmitted to anyone else, to be relied upon elsewhere or for any other purpose either quoted or referred to in any other public or private document or to be filed with anyone without our prior, express and written consent.

The common shares offered hereby have not and will not be issued nor publicly placed, distributed, offered or negotiated in the Brazilian capital markets. Accordingly, our common shares and the offering have not been and will not be registered with the Brazilian Securities Commission (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários). Any public offering or distribution, as defined under Brazilian laws and regulations, of our common shares in Brazil is not legal without prior registration under Brazilian Federal Law No. 6,385/76, as amended, and Instruction No. 400, issued by the Brazilian Securities Commission (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários) on December 29, 2003, as amended.

Therefore, as this prospectus does not constitute or form part of any public offering to sell or solicitation of a public offering to buy any shares or assets, this offering and THE COMMON SHARES OFFERED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN, AND WILL NOT BE, AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED FOR SALE OR SOLD IN BRAZIL EXCEPT IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DO NOT CONSTITUTE A PUBLIC OFFERING OR DISTRIBUTION UNDER BRAZILIAN LAWS AND REGULATIONS. DOCUMENTS RELATING TO OUR COMMON SHARES, AS WELL AS THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN, MAY NOT BE SUPPLIED TO THE PUBLIC IN BRAZIL (AS THE OFFERING IS NOT A PUBLIC OFFERING OF SECURITIES IN BRAZIL), NOR BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH ANY OFFER FOR SUBSCRIPTION OR SALE OF OUR COMMON SHARES TO THE PUBLIC IN BRAZIL. THEREFORE, EACH OF THE UNDERWRITERS NAMED UNDER THIS PROSPECTUS HAS REPRESENTED, WARRANTED AND AGREED THAT IT HAS NOT OFFERED OR SOLD, AND WILL NOT OFFER OR SELL, OUR COMMON SHARES IN BRAZIL, EXCEPT IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DO NOT CONSTITUTE A PUBLIC OFFERING, PLACEMENT, DISTRIBUTION OR NEGOTIATION OF SECURITIES IN THE BRAZILIAN CAPITAL MARKETS REGULATED BY BRAZILIAN LEGISLATION.

Chile

The common shares of the Company are currently registered in the Foreign Securities Registry (Registro de Valores Extranjeros) of the Chilean Securities and Exchange Commission (Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros de Chile). The scope of the supervision by the Chilean Securities and Exchange Commission is limited to disclosure obligations in Chile. This prospectus and other offering materials relating to the offer of our common shares do not constitute a public offer of, or an invitation to subscribe for or purchase, our common shares in the Republic of Chile. If the common shares offered hereby were to be offered within Chile, they would be offered and sold to individually identified purchasers pursuant to a private offering within the meaning of Article 4 of the Chilean Securities Market Act (Ley de Mercado de Valores) (an offer that is not "addressed to the public at large or to a certain sector or specific group of the public") or under the terms and conditions of general ruling No. 336 of the Chilean Securities and Exchange Commission.

Colombia

Our common shares have not been and will not be registered on the Colombian National Registry of Securities and Issuers or in the Colombian Stock Exchange, the Integrated System of Foreign Securities

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Exchange, or any other listing in the Colombian Stock Exchange for foreign securities. Therefore, our common shares may not be publicly offered in Colombia.

Mexico

Our common shares have not been registered in Mexico with the Securities Section (Sección de Valores) of the National Securities Registry (Registro Nacional de Valores) maintained by the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, and no action has been or will be taken that would permit the offer or sale of our common shares in Mexico absent an available exemption under Article 8 of the Mexican Securities Market Law (Ley del Mercado de Valores).

Peru

Our common shares have not been and will not be approved by or registered with the Peruvian securities regulatory authority, the Superintendency of the Securities Market (Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores).

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Expenses of the offering

We estimate that our expenses in connection with the offering, other than underwriting discounts and commissions and assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option, will be as follows:

|  | Amount (in US$) |  | Percentage of net proceeds of the offering (%) |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
SEC registration fee |  |  | 14,735 |  |  | 0.02 |
NYSE listing fees |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 0.03 |
FINRA filing fee |  |  | 21,950 |  |  | 0.02 |
Printing expenses |  |  | 300,000 |  |  | 0.32 |
AIM delisting fees |  |  | 105,617 |  |  | 0.11 |
Transfer agent fees |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 0.01 |
Engineering fees |  |  | 225,688 |  |  | 0.24 |
Legal fees and expenses |  |  | 2,443,070 |  |  | 2.6 |
Accountant fees and expenses |  |  | 713,311 |  |  | 0.76 |
Miscellaneous fees |  |  | 650,303 |  |  | 0.69 |
Total |  |  | 4,509,674 |  |  | 4.80 |

All amounts are estimates except for the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing fee.

If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full to purchase 800,000 additional common shares, our estimated offering expenses will increase by a de minimis amount.

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Legal matters

The validity of the common shares and certain other matters of Bermuda law will be passed upon for us by Cox Hallett Wilkinson Limited, Hamilton, Bermuda. Certain matters of U.S. federal and New York State law will be passed upon for us by Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP, New York, New York, and for the underwriters by White & Case LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters with respect to Colombian law will be passed upon for us by Suarez Zapata Partners Abogados, Bogotá, Colombia, and for the underwriters by Gómez-Pinzón Zuleta Abogados. Certain legal matters with respect to Chilean law will be passed upon for us by Barros & Errázuriz Abogados Limitada and for the underwriters by Carey y Cía Ltda. Certain legal matters with respect to Brazilian law will be passed upon for us by Machado, Meyer, Sendacz e Opice Advogados, and for the underwriters by Pinheiro Neto Advogados.

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Experts

The consolidated financial statements of GeoPark Limited as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L is a member of the Professional Council of Economic Sciences of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The current address of Price Waterhouse & Co. S.R.L. is Bouchard 557, Floor 8, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The consolidated financial statements of Winchester Oil and Gas S.A. as of December 31, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2011, as of January 31, 2012 and for the one-month period ended January 31, 2012 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the reports (which contain a qualification relating to the exclusion of comparative information, as discussed in note 2.1) of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda., independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda. is a member of the Central Board of Accountants, Colombia.

The consolidated financial statements of La Luna Oil Company Limited S.A. as of December 31, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2011, as of January 31, 2012 and for the one-month period ended January 31, 2012 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the reports (which contain a qualification relating to the exclusion of comparative information as discussed in note 2.1) of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda., independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda. is a member of the Central Board of Accountants, Colombia.

The consolidated financial statements of Hupecol Cuerva LLC as of December 31, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2011, as of March 31, 2012 and for the three-month period ended March 31, 2012 included in this Prospectus have been so included in reliance on the reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda., independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda. is a member of the Central Board of Accountants, Colombia.

The current address of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda. is Calle 100 No 11A 35, Floor 5, Bogotá, Colombia.

The consolidated financial statements of Rio das Contas as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012 included in this Prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of Ernst & Young Auditores Independentes S.S., independent auditors, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

The current address of Ernst & Young Auditores Independentes S.S. is Praia de Botafogo 370, 8th Floor, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The information included in this prospectus for Chile, Colombia and Argentina regarding estimated quantities of proved reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value is based, in part, on estimates of the proved reserves and present values of proved reserves as of December 31, 2012. The reserves estimates are based on an appraisal report and/or a third-party summary report prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, independent reserves engineers. These estimates are included in this prospectus in reliance upon the authority of such firm as an expert in these matters.

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The information included in this prospectus regarding estimated quantities of proved reserves, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value (i) for certain new discoveries made after December 31, 2012 in Colombia, as of June 30, 2013 and (ii) attributable to Rio das Contas in Brazil is derived from estimates of the proved reserves and present values of proved reserves as of June 30, 2013, presented in a separate appraisal report and/or third-party summary report prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, independent reserves engineers. These estimates are included in this prospectus in reliance upon the authority of such firm as an expert in these matters.

The current address of DeGolyer and MacNaughton is 5001 Spring Valley Road, Suite 800 East, Dallas, Texas 75244.

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Enforcement of judgments

We are incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability under the laws of Bermuda, and substantially all of our assets are located in Chile, Colombia, Brazil and Argentina. In addition, most of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States, and all or a substantial portion of the assets of such persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process on those persons in the United States or to enforce in the United States judgments obtained in U.S. courts against us or those persons based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws.

There is no treaty in force between the United States and Bermuda providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. As a result, whether a U.S. judgment would be enforceable in Bermuda against us or our directors and officers depends on whether the U.S. court that entered the judgment is recognized by the Bermuda court as having jurisdiction over us or our directors and officers, as determined by reference to Bermuda conflict of law rules and the judgment is not contrary to public policy in Bermuda, has not been obtained by fraud in proceedings contrary to natural justice and is not based on an error in Bermuda law. A judgment debt from a U.S. court that is final and for a sum certain based on U.S. federal securities laws will not be enforceable in Bermuda unless the judgment debtor had submitted to the jurisdiction of the U.S. court, and the issue of submission and jurisdiction is a matter of Bermuda (not U.S.) law.

An action brought pursuant to a public or penal law, the purpose of which is the enforcement of a sanction, power or right at the instance of the state in its sovereign capacity, may not be entertained by a Bermuda court. Certain remedies available under the laws of U.S. jurisdictions, including certain remedies under U.S. federal securities laws, may not be available under Bermuda law or enforceable in a Bermuda court, as they may be contrary to Bermuda public policy. Further, no claim may be brought in Bermuda against us or our directors and officers in the first instance for violations of U.S. federal securities laws because these laws have no extraterritorial jurisdiction under Bermuda law and do not have force of law in Bermuda. A Bermuda court may, however, impose civil liability on us or our directors and officers if the facts alleged in a complaint constitute or give rise to a cause of action under Bermuda law. However, section 281 of the Bermuda Companies Act allows a Bermuda court, in certain circumstances, to relieve officers and directors of Bermuda companies of liability for acts of negligence, breach of duty or trust or other defaults.

Section 98 of the Bermuda Companies Act provides generally that a Bermuda company may indemnify its directors, officers and auditors against any liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise be imposed on them in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, except in cases where such liability arises from fraud or dishonesty of which such director, officer or auditor may be guilty in relation to the company. Section 98 further provides that a Bermuda company may indemnify its directors, officers and auditors against any liability incurred by them in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is awarded in their favor or in which they are acquitted or granted relief by the Supreme Court of Bermuda pursuant to Section 281 of the Bermuda Companies Act.

Our bye-laws contain provisions whereby we and our shareholders waive any claim or right of action that we have, both individually and on our behalf, against any director or officer in relation to any action or failure to take action by such director or officer, except in respect of any fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer. We may also indemnify our directors and officers in their capacity as directors and officers for any loss arising or liability attaching to them by virtue of any rule of law in respect of any negligence, default, breach of trust of which a director or officer may be guilty in relation to the company other than in respect of his own fraud or dishonesty. We have entered into customary indemnification agreements with our directors.

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No treaty exists between the United States and Chile for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. Chilean courts, however, have enforced valid and conclusive judgments for the payment of money rendered by competent U.S. courts by virtue of the legal principles of reciprocity and comity, subject to review in Chile of the U.S. judgment in order to ascertain whether certain basic principles of due process and public policy have been respected, without retrial or review of the merits of the subject matter. If a U.S. court grants a final judgment, enforceability of this judgment in Chile will be subject to obtaining the relevant exequatur (i.e., recognition and enforcement of the foreign judgment) according to Chilean civil procedure law in effect at that time, and depending on certain factors (the satisfaction or non-satisfaction of which would be determined by the Supreme Court of Chile). Currently, the most important of such factors are: the existence of reciprocity (if it can be proved that there is no reciprocity in the recognition and enforcement of the foreign judgment between the United States and Chile, that judgment would not be enforced in Chile); the absence of any conflict between the foreign judgment and Chilean laws (excluding for this purpose the laws of civil procedure) and Chilean public policy; the absence of a conflicting judgment by a Chilean court relating to the same parties and arising from the same facts and circumstances; the Chilean court's determination that the U.S. courts had jurisdiction, that process was appropriately served on the defendant and that the defendant was afforded a real opportunity to appear before the court and defend its case; and the judgment being final under the laws of the country in which it was rendered. Nonetheless, we have been advised by our Chilean counsel that there is doubt as to the enforceability in original actions in Chilean courts of liabilities predicated solely upon U.S. federal or state securities laws.

Colombian courts will determine whether to enforce a foreign judgment through a procedural system known as exequatur under Colombian law. According to Colombian law, foreign judgments are enforceable in Colombia if a treaty exists between Colombia and the country where the judgment was granted. If no such treaty exists, a foreign judgment would be enforceable in Colombia under the same terms as a Colombian judgment would be enforceable in such foreign country. There is no treaty in force between the United States and Colombia providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.

No treaty exists between the U.S. and Brazil for the reciprocal enforcement of foreign judgments. A court decision issued in the U.S. territory will be treated as a common foreign court decision, henceforth it must be recognized by the President of the Superior Court of Justice, or the STJ. Any court decision issued by a foreign court must comply with the formal requirements of Resolution STJ n. 9. Article 5 thereof has the following requisites of enforceability: (1) the court decision must be issued by a competent court; (2) the parties must be regularly summoned, or the contumacy must be duly certified in the lawsuit; (3) the court decision must be final and unappealable; and, (4) the court decision must be duly legalized before the Brazilian Consulate in the U.S. Furthermore, Article 6 of Resolution STJ n. 9 provides that the court decision may not affront the public policy. After the filing of the lawsuit before the STJ, which is known as Recognition of Foreign Court Decision, the defendant will be summoned to present, in 15 days, its arguments, restricted to above-mentioned Articles 5 and 6 of the Resolution. The President of the STJ will only analyze the formal aspects of the court decision and not the merits thereof. Having concluded the analysis, if the court decision is recognized, it will be enforced by a Federal Court, as a common domestic court decision, provided that a court decision condemning a defendant to transfer a Real Estate property may not be recognized by the STJ, due to the exclusive competence of Brazilian Courts to judge rights over Real Estate properties in the Brazilian territory, according the Article 89, I, of the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code. Regarding arbitral awards issued by an Arbitral Tribunal in U.S. territory, it is possible to follow the New York Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards/1958, or the NY Contention. According to the NY Convention, the award will be considered enforceable as a domestic arbitral award after the recognition by the President of the STJ, as mentioned above.

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Where you can find additional information

We have filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement (including amendments and exhibits to the registration statement) on Form F-1 under the Securities Act. This prospectus, which is part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules filed as part of the registration statement. If a document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copy of the document that has been filed. Each statement in this prospectus relating to a document filed as an exhibit is qualified in all respects by the filed exhibit.

Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports and other information with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K. You may inspect and copy reports and other information filed with the SEC at the Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

We will send the transfer agent a copy of all notices of shareholders' meetings and other reports, communications and information that are made generally available to shareholders. The transfer agent has agreed to mail to all shareholders a notice containing the information (or a summary of the information) contained in any notice of a meeting of our shareholders received by the transfer agent and will make available to all shareholders such notices and all such other reports and communications received by the transfer agent.

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Glossary of oil and natural gas terms

The terms defined in this section are used throughout this prospectus:

"appraisal well" means a well drilled to further confirm and evaluate the presence of hydrocarbons in a reservoir that has been discovered.

"API" means the American Petroleum Institute's inverted scale for denoting the "light" or "heaviness" of crude oils and other liquid hydrocarbons.

"bbl" means one stock tank barrel, of 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume, used herein in reference to crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.

"bcf" means one billion cubic feet of natural gas.

"boe" means barrels of oil equivalent, with 6,000 cubic feet of natural gas being equivalent to one barrel of oil.

"boepd" means barrels of oil equivalent per day.

"bopd" means barrels of oil per day.

"British thermal unit" or "btu" means the heat required to raise the temperature of a one-pound mass of water from 58.5 to 59.5 degrees Fahrenheit.

"basin" means a large natural depression on the earth's surface in which sediments generally brought by water accumulate.

"completion" means the process of treating a drilled well followed by the installation of permanent equipment for the production of natural gas or oil, or in the case of a dry hole, the reporting of abandonment to the appropriate agency.

"developed acreage" means the number of acres that are allocated or assignable to productive wells or wells capable of production.

"developed reserves" are expected quantities to be recovered from existing wells and facilities. Reserves are considered developed only after the necessary equipment has been installed or when the costs to do so are relatively minor compared to the cost of a well. Where required facilities become unavailable, it may be necessary to reclassify developed reserves as undeveloped.

"development well" means a well drilled within the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.

"dry hole" means a well found to be incapable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of such production exceed production expenses and taxes.

"economic interest" means an indirect participation interest in the net revenues from a given block based on bilateral agreements with the concessionaires.

"economically producible" means a resource that generates revenue that exceeds, or is reasonably expected to exceed, the costs of the operation.

"exploratory well" means a well drilled to find and produce oil or gas in an unproved area, to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or gas in another reservoir, or to extend a

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known reservoir. Generally, an exploratory well is any well that is not a development well, a service well, or a stratigraphic test well as those items are defined below.

"field" means an area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs all grouped on or related to the same individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition. There may be two or more reservoirs in a field that are separated vertically by intervening impervious strata, or laterally by local geologic barriers, or by both. Reservoirs that are associated by being in overlapping or adjacent fields may be treated as a single or common operational field. The geological terms structural feature and stratigraphic condition are intended to identify localized geological features as opposed to the broader terms of basins, trends, provinces, plays, areas-of-interest, etc.

"formation" means a layer of rock which has distinct characteristics that differ from nearby rock.

"mbbl" means one thousand barrels of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.

"mboe" means one thousand barrels of oil equivalent.

"mcf" means one thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

"metric ton" or "MT" means one thousand kilograms. Assuming standard quality oil, one metric ton equals 7.9 bbl.

"mmbbl" means one million barrels of crude oil, condensate or natural gas liquids.

"mmboe" means one million barrels of oil equivalent.

"mmbtu" means one million British thermal units.

"NYMEX" means The New York Mercantile Exchange.

"net acres" means the percentage of total acres an owner has out of a particular number of acres, or a specified tract. An owner who has a 50% interest in 100 acres owns 50 net acres.

"productive well" means a well that is found to be capable of producing hydrocarbons in sufficient quantities such that proceeds from the sale of the production exceed production expenses and taxes.

"prospect" means a potential trap which may contain hydrocarbons and is supported by the necessary amount and quality of geologic and geophysical data to indicate a probability of oil and/or natural gas accumulation ready to be drilled. The five required elements (generation, migration, reservoir, seal and trap) must be present for a prospect to work and if any of them fail neither oil nor natural gas will be present, at least not in commercial volumes.

"proved developed reserves" means those proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells and facilities and by existing operating methods.

"proved reserves" means estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be economically recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, as well as additional reserves expected to be obtained through confirmed improved recovery techniques, as defined in SEC Regulation S-X 4-10(a)(2).

"proved undeveloped reserves" means are those proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from future wells and facilities, including future improved recovery projects which are anticipated with a high

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degree of certainty in reservoirs which have previously shown favorable response to improved recovery projects.

"reasonable certainty" means a high degree of confidence.

"recompletion" means the process of re-entering an existing wellbore that is either producing or not producing and completing new reservoirs in an attempt to establish or increase existing production.

"reserves" means estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil, gas, or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

"reservoir" means a porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible oil and/or gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is individual and separate from other reservoirs.

"royalty" means a fractional undivided interest in the production of oil and natural gas wells or the proceeds therefrom, to be received free and clear of all costs of development, operations or maintenance.

"service well" means a well drilled or completed for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field. Specific purposes of service wells include gas injection, water injection, steam injection, air injection, saltwater disposal, water supply for injection, observation, or injection for in-situ combustion.

"shale" means a fine grained sedimentary rock formed by consolidation of clay- and silt-sized particles into thin, relatively impermeable layers. Shale can include relatively large amounts of organic material compared with other rock types and thus has the potential to become rich hydrocarbon source rock. Its fine grain size and lack of permeability can allow shale to form a good cap rock for hydrocarbon traps.

"spacing" means the distance between wells producing from the same reservoir. Spacing is often expressed in terms of acres (e.g., 40-acre spacing, and is often established by regulatory agencies).

"spud" means the very beginning of drilling operations of a new well, occurring when the drilling bit penetrates the surface utilizing a drilling rig capable of drilling the well to the authorized total depth.

"stratigraphic test well" means a drilling effort, geologically directed, to obtain information pertaining to a specific geologic condition. Such wells customarily are drilled without the intention of being completed for hydrocarbon production. This classification also includes tests identified as core tests and all types of expendable holes related to hydrocarbon exploration. Stratigraphic test wells are classified as (i) exploratory-type, if not drilled in a proved area, or (ii) development-type, if drilled in a proved area.

"undeveloped reserves" are quantities expected to be recovered through future investments: (1) from new wells on undrilled acreage in known accumulation, (2) from deepening existing wells to a different (but known) reservoir, (3) from infill wells that will increase recover, or (4) where a relatively large expenditure (e.g., when compared to the cost of drilling a new well) is required to (a) recomplete an existing well or (b) install production or transportation facilities for primary or improved recovery projects.

"unit" means the joining of all or substantially all interests in a reservoir or field, rather than a single tract, to provide for development and operation without regard to separate property interests. Also, the area covered by a unitization agreement.

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"wellbore" means the hole drilled by the bit that is equipped for oil or gas production on a completed well. Also called well or borehole.

"working interest" means the right granted to the lessee of a property to explore for and to produce and own oil, gas, or other minerals. The working interest owners bear the exploration, development, and operating costs on either a cash, penalty, or carried basis.

"workover" means operations in a producing well to restore or increase production.

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Index to consolidated financial statements

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements—GeoPark Limited |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Nine-month Periods Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-6 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 |  |  | F-7 |
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Nine-month Periods Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-8 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine-month Periods Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-9 |
Notes to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the Nine-month Periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-10 |
Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements—GeoPark Holdings Limited |  |  |  |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |  |  | F-26 |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-27 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-28 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-29 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-30 |
Notes to the Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-31 |
Consolidated Financial Statements—Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. |  |  |  |
Independent Auditor's Report |  |  | F-83 |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-84 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-85 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-86 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-87 |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-88 |
Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements—Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. |  |  |  |
Independent Auditor's Report |  |  | F-108 |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-109 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-110 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-111 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-112 |
Notes to the Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-113 |

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Consolidated Financial Statements—La Luna Oil Company Limited |  |  |  |
Independent Auditor's Report |  |  | F-136 |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-137 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-138 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-139 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-140 |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the One-month Period Ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | F-141 |
Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements—La Luna Oil Company Limited |  |  |  |
Independent Auditor's Report |  |  | F-158 |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-159 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-160 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-161 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-162 |
Notes to the Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-163 |
Consolidated Financial Statements—Hupecol Caracara LLC (Colombian Branch) |  |  |  |
Independent Auditor's Report |  |  | F-182 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2012 |  |  | F-183 |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three-month Period Ended March 31, 2012 |  |  | F-184 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Three-month Period Ended March 31, 2012 |  |  | F-185 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three-month Period Ended March 31, 2012 |  |  | F-186 |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three-month Period Ended March 31, 2012 |  |  | F-187 |
Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements—Hupecol Caracara LLC (Colombian Branch) |  |  |  |
Independent Auditor's Report |  |  | F-204 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-205 |
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-206 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-207 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-208 |
Notes to the Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | F-209 |

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Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements—Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. |  |  |  |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Nine-month Periods Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-225 |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Nine-month Periods Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-226 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 |  |  | F-227 |
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Nine-month Periods Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-228 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine-month Periods Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-229 |
Notes to the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the Nine-month Periods ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 |  |  | F-230 |
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements—Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. |  |  |  |
Independent Auditor's Report |  |  | F-245 |
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-247 |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-248 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-249 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-250 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-251 |
Notes to the Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Years Ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 |  |  | F-252 |

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GeoPark Limited

Interim condensed consolidated financial statements

For the nine months ended 30 September 2012 and 2013

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GeoPark Limited
30 September 2013

Contents

|  | Page |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Consolidated statement of income and statement of comprehensive income |  |  | F-6 |
Consolidated statement of financial position |  |  | F-7 |
Consolidated statement of changes in equity |  |  | F-8 |
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  |  | F-9 |
Selected explanatory notes |  |  | F-10 |

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GeoPark Limited
30 September 2013
Consolidated statement of income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012(1) |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |  |  |
NET REVENUE |  |  | 2 |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 250,478 |
Production costs |  |  | 4 |  |  | (129,834 | ) |  | (88,656 | ) |  | (129,235 | )
GROSS PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 93,483 |  |  | 121,243 |
Exploration costs |  |  | 5 |  |  | (16,012 | ) |  | (21,742 | ) |  | (27,890 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | 6 |  |  | (32,050 | ) |  | (20,910 | ) |  | (28,798 | )
Selling expenses |  |  |  |  |  | (12,526 | ) |  | (15,650 | ) |  | (24,631 | )
Other operating income |  |  |  |  |  | 4,555 |  |  | 681 |  |  | 823 |
OPERATING PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 35,862 |  |  | 40,747 |
Financial income |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,562 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 892 |
Financial expenses |  |  | 8 |  |  | (28,762 | ) |  | (13,962 | ) |  | (17,200 | )
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | 8,401 |
PROFIT BEFORE TAX |  |  |  |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 30,665 |  |  | 32,840 |
Income tax |  |  |  |  |  | (12,260 | ) |  | (6,266 | ) |  | (14,394 | )
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD/YEAR |  |  |  |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the parent |  |  |  |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | 11,879 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 6,567 |
Earnings per share (in US$) for profit attributable to owners of the Company. Basic |  |  |  |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 0.42 |  |  | 0.28 |
Earnings per share (in US$) for profit attributable to owners of the Company. Diluted |  |  |  |  |  | 0.34 |  |  | 0.40 |  |  | 0.27 |

Statement of comprehensive income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012(1) |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |  |  |
Profit for the period / year |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation differences |  |  | (573 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total comprehensive income for the period / year |  |  | 24,630 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the parent |  |  | 15,194 |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | 11,879 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 6,567 |

(1) 30 September 2012 comparative information has been restated reflecting the finalization of the purchase price allocation (see Note 1).

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GeoPark Limited
30 September 2013
Consolidated statement of financial position

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | At 30 September 2013 |  | At 30 September 2012(1) |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 9 |  |  | 571,394 |  |  | 429,639 |  |  | 457,837 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 17,560 |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | 10,707 |
Other financial assets |  |  |  |  |  | 3,952 |  |  | 6,813 |  |  | 7,791 |
Deferred income tax |  |  |  |  |  | 21,405 |  |  | 19,451 |  |  | 13,591 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  |  |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 556 |  |  | 510 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 616,279 |  |  | 459,667 |  |  | 490,436 |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  |  |  |  | 5,825 |  |  | 10,641 |  |  | 3,955 |
Trade receivables |  |  |  |  |  | 49,729 |  |  | 21,924 |  |  | 32,271 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  |  |  |  | 42,355 |  |  | 43,120 |  |  | 49,620 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 1,778 |  |  | 11,036 |  |  | 3,443 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  |  |  |  |  | 104,797 |  |  | 75,539 |  |  | 48,292 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 204,484 |  |  | 162,260 |  |  | 137,581 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 621,927 |  |  | 628,017 |
EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  | 10 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |
Share premium |  |  |  |  |  | 120,338 |  |  | 112,302 |  |  | 116,817 |
Reserves |  |  |  |  |  | 127,848 |  |  | 129,596 |  |  | 128,421 |
Retained earnings (losses) |  |  |  |  |  | 15,593 |  |  | 2,948 |  |  | (5,860 | )
Attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  | 263,822 |  |  | 244,889 |  |  | 239,421 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  | 88,540 |  |  | 55,463 |  |  | 72,665 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  | 352,362 |  |  | 300,352 |  |  | 312,086 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 11 |  |  | 290,490 |  |  | 164,891 |  |  | 165,046 |
Provisions for other long-term liabilities |  |  | 12 |  |  | 26,619 |  |  | 27,697 |  |  | 25,991 |
Deferred income tax |  |  |  |  |  | 23,834 |  |  | 24,218 |  |  | 17,502 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 13 |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
TOTAL NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 349,287 |  |  | 216,806 |  |  | 208,539 |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 11 |  |  | 5,735 |  |  | 30,873 |  |  | 27,986 |
Current income tax |  |  |  |  |  | 13,196 |  |  | 3,054 |  |  | 7,315 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 13 |  |  | 100,183 |  |  | 70,842 |  |  | 72,091 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 119,114 |  |  | 104,769 |  |  | 107,392 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 468,401 |  |  | 321,575 |  |  | 315,931 |
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 621,927 |  |  | 628,017 |

(1) 30 September 2012 comparative information has been restated reflecting the finalization of the purchase price allocation (see Note 1).

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GeoPark Limited
30 September 2013
Consolidated statement of changes in equity

|  | Attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Amount in US$ '000 |  | Share capital |  | Share premium |  | Other reserve |  | Translation reserve |  | Retained (losses) earnings |  | Non- controlling interest |  | Total |
Equity at 1 January 2012 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 112,231 |  |  | 114,270 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (18,549 | ) |  | 41,763 |  |  | 250,652 |
Profit for the nine month period |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 24,399 |
Total comprehensive income for the period ended 30 September 2012 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,833 |  |  | 6,566 |  |  | 24,399 |
Proceeds from transaction with Non-controlling interest |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,432 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,134 |  |  | 21,566 |
Shared-based payment |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,664 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,735 |
|  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 14,432 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,664 |  |  | 7,134 |  |  | 25,301 |
Balance at 30 September 2012(1) (Unaudited) |  |  | 43 |  |  | 112,302 |  |  | 128,702 |  |  | 894 |  |  | 2,948 |  |  | 55,463 |  |  | 300,352 |
Balance at 31 December 2012 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 116,817 |  |  | 127,527 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (5,860 | ) |  | 72,665 |  |  | 312,086 |
Profit for the nine month period |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,767 |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 25,203 |
Currency translation differences |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (573 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (573 | )
Total comprehensive income for the period ended 30 September 2013 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (573 | ) |  | 15,767 |  |  | 9,436 |  |  | 24,630 |
Proceeds from transaction with Non-controlling interest |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,439 |  |  | 6,439 |
Shared-based payment |  |  | — |  |  | 3,521 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,686 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,207 |
|  |  | — |  |  | 3,521 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,686 |  |  | 6,439 |  |  | 15,646 |
Balance at 30 September 2013 (Unaudited) |  |  | 43 |  |  | 120,338 |  |  | 127,527 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 15,593 |  |  | 88,540 |  |  | 352,362 |

(1) 30 September 2012 comparative information has been restated reflecting the finalization of the purchase price allocation (see Note 1).

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GeoPark Limited
30 September 2013
Consolidated statement of cash flow

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012(1) |  | Year ended 31 December, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |  |  |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the period/year |  |  | 25,203 |  |  | 24,399 |  |  | 18,446 |
Adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax for the period/year |  |  | 12,260 |  |  | 6,266 |  |  | 14,394 |
Depreciation of the period/year |  |  | 49,546 |  |  | 36,228 |  |  | 53,317 |
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 568 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 546 |
Write-off of unsuccessful exploration and evaluation assets |  |  | 11,955 |  |  | 20,298 |  |  | 25,552 |
Amortisation of other long-term liabilities |  |  | (1,359 | ) |  | (1,993 | ) |  | (2,143 | )
Accrual of borrowing's interests |  |  | 17,913 |  |  | 11,471 |  |  | 12,478 |
Unwinding of long-term liabilities |  |  | 1,049 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 1,262 |
Accrual of share-based payment |  |  | 5,946 |  |  | 3,664 |  |  | 5,396 |
Deferred income |  |  | — |  |  | 5,550 |  |  | 5,550 |
Income tax paid |  |  | (4,040 | ) |  | (408 | ) |  | (408 | )
Exchange difference generated by borrowings |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 39 |  |  | 35 |
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries (Note 14) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,401 | ) |  | (8,401 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  | (20,699 | ) |  | 8,542 |  |  | 5,778 |
Cash flows from operating activities—net |  |  | 98,328 |  |  | 106,740 |  |  | 131,802 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (187,237 | ) |  | (147,200 | ) |  | (198,204 | )
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired (Note 14) |  |  | — |  |  | (105,303 | ) |  | (105,303 | )
Collections related to financial assets |  |  | 3,839 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Collections related to financial leases |  |  | 6,734 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash flows used in investing activities—net |  |  | (176,664 | ) |  | (252,503 | ) |  | (303,507 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings |  |  | 292,259 |  |  | 38,883 |  |  | 37,200 |
Proceeds from transaction with Non-controlling interest(2) |  |  | 37,577 |  |  | 10,019 |  |  | 12,452 |
Proceeds from loans from related parties |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of shares |  |  | 3,521 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Principal paid |  |  | (179,359 | ) |  | (16,297 | ) |  | (12,382 | )
Interest paid |  |  | (17,511 | ) |  | (5,552 | ) |  | (10,895 | )
Cash flows from financing activities—net |  |  | 144,831 |  |  | 27,053 |  |  | 26,375 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 66,495 |  |  | (118,710 | ) |  | (145,330 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January |  |  | 38,292 |  |  | 183,622 |  |  | 183,622 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period/year |  |  | 104,787 |  |  | 64,912 |  |  | 38,292 |
Ending Cash and cash equivalents are specified as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash in banks |  |  | 104,774 |  |  | 75,515 |  |  | 48,268 |
Cash in hand |  |  | 23 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 24 |
Bank overdrafts |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (10,627 | ) |  | (10,000 | )
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 104,787 |  |  | 64,912 |  |  | 38,292 |

(1) 30 September 2012 comparative information has been restated reflecting the finalization of the purchase price allocation (see Note 1).

(2) Proceeds from transaction with Non-controlling interest for the period ended 30 September 2013 includes: US$ 6,439,000 from capital contributions received in the period; and US$ 31,138,000 as result of collection of receivables included in Prepayment and other receivables as of 31 December 2012, relating to equity transactions made in 2012 and 2011.

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GeoPark Limited
30 September 2013
Selected explanatory notes

Note 1

General information

GeoPark Limited (the Company) is a company incorporated under the law of Bermuda. The Registered Office address is Cumberland House, 9th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda. The Company is quoted on the AIM market of London Stock Exchange plc.

The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiaries ("the Group") are exploration, development and production for oil and gas reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina. The Group has working interests and/or economic interests in 19 hydrocarbon blocks.

On 30 July 2013 the shareholders approved the change of the Company's name from GeoPark Holdings Limited to GeoPark Limited.

This consolidated interim financial report was authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 29 November, 2013.

Basis of preparation

The consolidated interim financial report of GeoPark Limited is presented in accordance with IAS 34 "Interim Financial Reporting". It does not include all of the information required for full annual financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements as at and for the years ended 31 December 2011 and 2012, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs.

The consolidated interim financial report has been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies applied in the most recent annual financial statements. For further information please refer to GeoPark Limited's consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2012.

The comparative information for the period ended 30 September 2012 has been restated from the original condensed financial statements at that date to include the final estimation of the purchase price allocation for the business combination related to the acquisition in Colombia shown in Note 14.

Taxes on income in the interim periods are accrued using the tax rate that would be applicable to expected total annual profit or loss.

The activities of the Company are not subject to significant seasonal changes.

Leases in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred to the lessee are classified as finance leases. Under a finance lease, the Company as lessor has to recognize an amount receivable equal to the aggregate of the minimum lease payments plus any unguaranteed residual value accruing to the lessor, discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease (see Note 9).

New and amended standards adopted by the Group

As from 1 January, 2013, the Company applied IFRS 10, 'Consolidated financial statements", IFRS 11, 'Joint arrangements', IFRS 12, 'Disclosures of interests in other entities'. Those standards did not materially affect the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

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Also, as from 1 January 2013 the Company applied IFRS 13 "Fair value measurement". This standard has not have a significant impact on the balances recorded in the financial statements but would require the company to apply different valuation techniques to certain items (e.g. debt acquired as part of a business combination) recognised at fair value as and when they arise in the future.

Estimates

The preparation of interim financial information requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

In preparing these condensed consolidated interim financial statements, the significant judgements made by management in applying the group's accounting policies and the key sources of estimation uncertainty were the same as those that applied to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2012.

Financial risk management

The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: currency risk, price risk, credit risk- concentration, funding and liquidity risk, interest risk and capital risk. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements do not include all financial risk management information and disclosures required in the annual financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the Company's annual financial statements as at 31 December 2012.

There have been no changes in the risk management since year end or in any risk management policies.

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Subsidiary undertakings

The following chart illustrates the Group structure as of 30 September 2013 (*):

(*) LG International is not a subsidiary, instead of it is Non-controlling interest.

During 2013, with the purpose of conducting its multilocation activities and for allowing future business structures, the Company has incorporated certain wholly owned subsidiaries, that are dormant companies at the date of the issuance of these interim financial statements.

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Details of the subsidiaries and jointly controlled assets of the Company are set out below:

|  | Name and registered office |  | Ownership interest
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Subsidiaries |  | GeoPark Argentina Ltd.—Bermuda |  | 100%
|  | GeoPark Argentina Ltd.—Argentine Branch |  | 100%(a)
|  | GeoPark Latin America |  | 100%
|  | GeoPark Latin America—Agencia en Chile |  | 100%(a)
|  | GeoPark S.A. (Chile) |  | 100%(a)(b)
|  | GeoPark Brazil Exploração y Produção de Petróleo e Gas Ltda. (Brazil) |  | 100%
|  | GeoPark Chile S.A. (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(c)
|  | GeoPark Fell S.p.A. (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(c)
|  | GeoPark Magallanes Limitada (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(c)
|  | GeoPark TdF S.A. (Chile) |  | 69%(a)(d)
|  | GeoPark Colombia S.A. (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(c)
|  | GeoPark Luna SAS (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | GeoPark Colombia SAS (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | GeoPark Llanos SAS (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | La Luna Oil Co. Ltd. (Panama) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | GeoPark Colombia PN S.A. (Panama) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | GeoPark Cuerva LLC (United States) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | Sucursal La Luna Oil Co. Ltd. (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | Sucursal GeoPark Colombia PN S.A. (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | Sucursal GeoPark Cuerva LLC (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)(f)
|  | GeoPark Brazil S.p.A. (Chile) |  | 100%(a)(b)
|  | Raven Pipeline Company LLC (United States) |  | 23.5%(b)
|  | GeoPark Colombia Cooperatie U.A. (The Netherlands) |  | 100%(b)
|  | GeoPark Brazil Cooperatie U.A. (The Netherlands) |  | 100%(b)
Jointly controlled assets |  | Tranquilo Block (Chile) |  | 29%
|  | Otway Block (Chile) |  | 100%(g)
|  | Flamenco Block (Chile) |  | 50%(h)
|  | Isla Norte Block (Chile) |  | 60%(h)
|  | Campanario Block (Chile) |  | 50%(h)

(a) Indirectly owned.

(b) Dormant companies.

(c) LG International has 20% interest.

(d) LG International has 20% interest through GeoPark Chile S.A. and a 14% direct interest.

(e) During the first quarter of 2012, the Company entered into a business combination acquiring 100% interest in each entity (see Note 14).

(f) During 2013, the Company has started a merger process by which a sole company will continue the operations related to the referred companies. The Company estimates that the process will be completed by year end.

(g) In April 2013, the Group voluntarily relinquished to the Chilean Government all of our acreage in the Otway Block, except for 49,421 acres. In May 2013, our partners under the joint operating agreement governing the Otway Block decided to withdraw from such joint operating agreement and to apply to withdraw from the Otway Block CEOP, such that, subject to the Chilean Ministry of Energy's approval, the Group will be the sole participant, and have a working interest of 100%, in our two remaining areas in the Otway Block.

(h) GeoPark is the operator in all blocks with a share of 60% for Isla Norte Block and 50% for the other 2 blocks (See Note 16).

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Note 2

Net revenue

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Sale of crude oil |  |  | 235,225 |  |  | 158,309 |  |  | 221,564 |
Sale of gas |  |  | 15,305 |  |  | 23,830 |  |  | 28,914 |
|  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 250,478 |

Note 3

Segment information

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the strategic steering committee. This committee is integrated by the CEO, COO, CFO and managers in charge of the Geoscience, Drilling, Operations and SPEED departments. This committee reviews the Group's internal reporting in order to assess performance and allocate resources. Management has determined the operating segments based on these reports.

The committee considers the business from a geographic perspective.

The strategic steering committee assesses the performance of the operating segments based on a measure of Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as profit for the period before net finance cost, income tax, depreciation, amortization and certain non-cash items such as impairments and write-offs of unsuccessful exploration and evaluation assets, accrual of stock options and stock awards. Other information provided, except as noted below, to the strategic steering committee is measured in a manner consistent with that in the financial statements.

Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Brazil |  | Colombia |  | Corporate |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
NET REVENUE |  |  | 250,530 |  |  | 1,118 |  |  | 119,359 |  |  | — |  |  | 130,053 |  |  | — |
GROSS PROFIT |  |  | 120,696 |  |  | 936 |  |  | 69,546 |  |  | — |  |  | 50,214 |  |  | — |
OPERATING PROFIT / (LOSS) |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | (2,643 | ) |  | 47,971 |  |  | (2,323 | ) |  | 29,390 |  |  | (7,732 | )
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 125,894 |  |  | (1,361 | ) |  | 73,570 |  |  | (2,278 | ) |  | 60,852 |  |  | (4,889 | )

Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Brazil |  | Colombia |  | Corporate |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
NET REVENUE |  |  | 182,139 |  |  | 972 |  |  | 117,244 |  |  | — |  |  | 63,923 |  |  | — |
GROSS PROFIT |  |  | 93,483 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 68,314 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,867 |  |  | — |
OPERATING PROFIT / (LOSS) |  |  | 35,862 |  |  | (5,628 | ) |  | 41,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,230 |  |  | (5,507 | )
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 94,793 |  |  | (808 | ) |  | 76,721 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,265 |  |  | (5,385 | )

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Table of Contents

Total Assets |  | Total |  | Argentina |  | Chile |  | Brazil |  | Colombia |  | Corporate |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
30 September 2013 |  |  | 820,763 |  |  | 4,934 |  |  | 449,695 |  |  | 29,964 |  |  | 270,703 |  |  | 65,467 |
31 December 2012 |  |  | 628,017 |  |  | 6,108 |  |  | 405,674 |  |  | — |  |  | 213,202 |  |  | 3,033 |
30 September 2012 |  |  | 621,927 |  |  | 8,619 |  |  | 411,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 200,567 |  |  | 1,387 |

A reconciliation of total Adjusted EBITDA to total profit before income tax is provided as follows:

|  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments |  |  | 125,894 |  |  | 94,793 |
Depreciation |  |  | (49,546 | ) |  | (36,228 | )
Accrual of stock awards |  |  | (5,946 | ) |  | (3,664 | )
Write-off of unsuccessful exploration and evaluation assets |  |  | (11,955 | ) |  | (20,298 | )
Others(a) |  |  | 6,216 |  |  | 1,259 |
Operating profit |  |  | 64,663 |  |  | 35,862 |
Financial results |  |  | (27,200 | ) |  | (13,598 | )
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |
Profit before tax |  |  | 37,463 |  |  | 30,665 |

(a) Includes internally capitalised costs, fees earned from co-venturers and other costs recovery.

Note 4

Production costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Depreciation |  |  | 48,423 |  |  | 35,529 |  |  | 52,307 |
Royalties |  |  | 13,010 |  |  | 9,900 |  |  | 11,424 |
Staff costs |  |  | 12,195 |  |  | 6,102 |  |  | 14,171 |
Transportation costs |  |  | 8,494 |  |  | 5,112 |  |  | 7,211 |
Well and facilities maintenance |  |  | 13,423 |  |  | 5,749 |  |  | 9,385 |
Consumables |  |  | 11,636 |  |  | 7,639 |  |  | 9,884 |
Equipment rental |  |  | 5,562 |  |  | 5,504 |  |  | 5,936 |
Other costs |  |  | 17,091 |  |  | 13,121 |  |  | 18,917 |
|  |  | 129,834 |  |  | 88,656 |  |  | 129,235 |

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Note 5

Exploration costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Staff costs |  |  | 5,681 |  |  | 2,449 |  |  | 4,418 |
Allocation to capitalised project |  |  | (1,608 | ) |  | (1,669 | ) |  | (1,849 | )
Write-off of unsuccessful exploration and evaluation assets |  |  | 11,955 |  |  | 20,298 |  |  | 25,552 |
Amortisation of other long-term liabilities related to unsuccessful efforts |  |  | (600 | ) |  | (1,500 | ) |  | (1,500 | )
Recovery of abandonments costs |  |  | (759 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Other services |  |  | 1,343 |  |  | 2,164 |  |  | 1,269 |
|  |  | 16,012 |  |  | 21,742 |  |  | 27,890 |

Note 6

Administrative costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Staff costs |  |  | 15,251 |  |  | 9,072 |  |  | 9,575 |
Consultant fees |  |  | 4,396 |  |  | 4,119 |  |  | 5,122 |
New projects |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | 710 |  |  | 2,927 |
Office expenses |  |  | 1,880 |  |  | 1,196 |  |  | 3,293 |
Director fees and allowance |  |  | 1,263 |  |  | 1,356 |  |  | 1,516 |
Travel expenses |  |  | 1,640 |  |  | 973 |  |  | 1,563 |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | 699 |  |  | 1,010 |
Other administrative expenses |  |  | 4,756 |  |  | 2,785 |  |  | 3,792 |
|  |  | 32,050 |  |  | 20,910 |  |  | 28,798 |

Note 7

Financial income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Exchange difference |  |  | 722 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 348 |
Interest received |  |  | 840 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 544 |
|  |  | 1,562 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 892 |

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Note 8

Financial expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bank charges and other financial costs |  |  | 2,774 |  |  | 815 |  |  | 1,764 |
Bond GeoPark Fell SpA cancellation costs (Note 11) |  |  | 8,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Exchange difference |  |  | 870 |  |  | 2,994 |  |  | 2,429 |
Unwinding of long-term liabilities |  |  | 1,049 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 1,262 |
Interest and amortisation of debt issue costs |  |  | 16,774 |  |  | 10,520 |  |  | 13,114 |
Less: amounts capitalised on qualifying assets |  |  | (1,308 | ) |  | (997 | ) |  | (1,369 | )
|  |  | 28,762 |  |  | 13,962 |  |  | 17,200 |

Note 9

Property, plant and equipment

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Oil & gas properties |  | Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  | Production facilities and machinery |  | Buildings and improvements |  | Construction in progress |  | Exploration and evaluation assets |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cost at 1 January 2012 |  |  | 171,956 |  |  | 2,175 |  |  | 47,102 |  |  | 2,437 |  |  | 32,896 |  |  | 42,140 |  |  | 298,706 |
Additions |  |  | 12,034 |  |  | 627 |  |  | 19,397 |  |  | — |  |  | 52,769 |  |  | 62,781 |  |  | 147,608 |
Disposals |  |  | (438 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (455 | )
Write-off and impairment(1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,298 | ) |  | (20,298 | )
Transfers |  |  | 73,024 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,623 |  |  | 595 |  |  | (37,266 | ) |  | (43,976 | ) |  | — |
Acquisitions of subsidiaries |  |  | 63,942 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 10,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,359 |  |  | 29,729 |  |  | 114,377 |
Cost at 30 September 2012 |  |  | 320,518 |  |  | 3,284 |  |  | 84,970 |  |  | 3,032 |  |  | 57,758 |  |  | 70,376 |  |  | 539,938 |
Cost at 1 January 2013 |  |  | 344,371 |  |  | 3,576 |  |  | 86,949 |  |  | 3,198 |  |  | 54,025 |  |  | 93,106 |  |  | 585,225 |
Additions |  |  | 3,313 |  |  | 1,456 |  |  | 273 |  |  | — |  |  | 75,167 |  |  | 111,287 |  |  | 191,496 |
Disposals(2) |  |  | (546 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (15,870 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,438 | )
Write-off and impairment(1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,955 | ) |  | (11,955 | )
Transfers |  |  | 97,140 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 16,889 |  |  | 4,019 |  |  | (69,807 | ) |  | (48,358 | ) |  | — |
Cost at 30 September 2013 |  |  | 444,278 |  |  | 5,127 |  |  | 88,241 |  |  | 7,217 |  |  | 59,385 |  |  | 144,080 |  |  | 748,328 |
Depreciation and write-down at 1 January 2012 |  |  | (53,604 | ) |  | (1,123 | ) |  | (18,628 | ) |  | (716 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (74,071 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (29,631 | ) |  | (495 | ) |  | (5,866 | ) |  | (236 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (36,228 | )
Depreciation and write-down at 30 September 2012 |  |  | (83,235 | ) |  | (1,618 | ) |  | (24,494 | ) |  | (952 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (110,299 | )
Depreciation and write-down at 1 January 2013 |  |  | (98,156 | ) |  | (1,836 | ) |  | (26,336 | ) |  | (1,060 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (127,388 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (42,016 | ) |  | (660 | ) |  | (6,404 | ) |  | (466 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (49,546 | )
Depreciation and write-down at 30 September 2013 |  |  | (140,172 | ) |  | (2,496 | ) |  | (32,740 | ) |  | (1,526 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (176,934 | )
Carrying amount at 30 September 2012 |  |  | 237,283 |  |  | 1,666 |  |  | 60,476 |  |  | 2,080 |  |  | 57,758 |  |  | 70,376 |  |  | 429,639 |
Carrying amount at 30 September 2013 |  |  | 304,106 |  |  | 2,631 |  |  | 55,501 |  |  | 5,691 |  |  | 59,385 |  |  | 144,080 |  |  | 571,394 |

(1) Corresponds to write-off of Exploration and evaluation assets in Colombia US$ 3,244,000 (US$ 4,727,000 in 2012), Chile US$ 8,711,000 (US$ 13,627,000 in 2012) and Argentina nil (US$ 1,944,000 in 2012).

(2) During 2013, the Company entered into a finance lease for which it has transferred a substantial portion of the risk and rewards of some assets which had a book value of US$ 14.1 million. As of 30 September 2013 prepayments and other receivables include receivables under finance leases for amount of US$ 7.8 million, which US$ 6.3 million are maturity no later than one year and US$ 1.5 million between one and five years. Total unearned interest income amounts to US$ 1.5 million.

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Note 10

Share capital

Issued share capital |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2013 |  | Nine-months period ended 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Common stock (US$ 000) |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |
The share capital is distributed as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares, of nominal US$0.001 |  |  | 43,859,232 |  |  | 42,474,274 |  |  | 43,495,585 |
Total common shares in issue |  |  | 43,859,232 |  |  | 42,474,274 |  |  | 43,495,585 |
Authorised share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US$ per share |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 0.001 |
Number of common shares (US$0.001 each) |  |  | 5,171,949,000 |  |  | 5,171,949,000 |  |  | 5,171,949,000 |
Amount in US$ |  |  | 5,171,949 |  |  | 5,171,949 |  |  | 5,171,949 |

Note 11

Borrowings

The outstanding amounts are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At 30 September 2013 |  | At 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bond GeoPark Latin America Agencia en Chile(a) |  |  | 294,037 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Bond GeoPark Fell SpA(b) |  |  | — |  |  | 131,720 |  |  | 129,452 |
Methanex Corporation(c) |  |  | — |  |  | 8,036 |  |  | 8,036 |
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones(d) |  |  | 2,178 |  |  | 7,881 |  |  | 7,859 |
Overdrafts(e) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 10,627 |  |  | 10,000 |
Banco Itaú(f) |  |  | — |  |  | 37,500 |  |  | 37,685 |
|  |  | 296,225 |  |  | 195,764 |  |  | 193,032 |

Classified as follows:

Current |  |  | 5,735 |  |  | 30,873 |  |  | 27,986 |
Non-Current |  |  | 290,490 |  |  | 164,891 |  |  | 165,046 |

(a) During February 2013, the Company successfully placed US$ 300 million notes which were offered under Rule 144A and Regulation S exemptions of the United States Securities laws.

The Notes, issued by the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary GeoPark Latin America Limited Agencia en Chile ("the Issuer"), were priced at 99.332% and will carry a coupon of 7.50% per annum to yield 7.625% per annum. Final maturity of the notes will be 11 February 2020. The Notes are guaranteed by GeoPark Limited and GeoPark Latin America Chilean Branch and are secured with a pledge of all of the equity interests of the Issuer in GeoPark Chile S.A. and GeoPark Colombia S.A. and a pledge of certain intercompany loans. Notes were rated single B by both Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings.

The net proceeds of the notes were partially used to repay debt of approximately US$ 170 million, including the existing Reg S Notes due 2015 and the Itaú loan. The remaining proceeds will be used to finance the Company's expansion plans in the region. The transaction extends GeoPark?s debt maturity significantly, allowing the Company to allocate more resources to its investment and inorganic growth programs in the coming years.

(b) Private placement of US$ 133,000,000 of Reg S Notes on 2 December 2010. The Notes carried a coupon of 7.75% per annum and mature on 15 December 2015. These Notes were fully repaid in March 2013.

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(c) The financing obtained in 2007, for development and investing activities on the Fell Block, was structured as a gas pre-sale agreement with a six year pay-back period and an interest rate of LIBOR flat. The loan has been fully repaid during 2013.

In addition on 30 October 2009 another financing agreement was signed with Methanex Corporation under which Methanex have funded GeoPark's portions of cash calls for the Otway Joint Venture for US$ 3,100,000. This financing did not bear interest. The loan was fully repaid during 2012.

(d) Facility to establish the operational base in the Fell Block. This facility was acquired through a mortgage loan granted by the Banco de Crédito e Inversiones (BCI), a Chilean private bank. The loan was granted in Chilean pesos and is repayable over a period of 8 years. The interest rate applicable to this loan is 6.6%. The outstanding amount at 30 September 2013 is US$ 247,000.

During the last quarter of 2011, GeoPark TdF obtained short-term financing from BCI. This financing is structured as letter of credit with a pledge of the seismic equipment acquired to start the operations in the new blocks. The maturity is February 2014 and the applicable interest rate ranging from 4.45% to 5.45%. The outstanding amount at 30 September 2013 is US$ 1,931,000.

(e) At 30 September 2013, the Group has credit lines availables with several banks for approximately US$ 77,000,000.

(f) GeoPark Limited executed a loan agreement with Banco Itaú BBA S.A., Nassau Branch for US$ 37,500,000. GeoPark used the proceeds to finance the acquisition and development of the La Cuerva and Llanos 62 blocks. This loan was fully repaid in February 2013.

Note 12

Provision for other long-term liabilities

The outstanding amounts are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At 30 September 2013 |  | At 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Assets retirement obligation and other environmental liabilities |  |  | 19,590 |  |  | 14,663 |  |  | 16,213 |
Deferred income |  |  | 6,010 |  |  | 7,518 |  |  | 7,369 |
Cash awards (Note 17) |  |  | 260 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | 759 |  |  | 5,516 |  |  | 2,409 |
|  |  | 26,619 |  |  | 27,697 |  |  | 25,991 |

Note 13

Trade and other payables

The outstanding amounts are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At 30 September 2013 |  | At 30 September 2012 |  | Year ended 31 December 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Trade payables |  |  | 78,736 |  |  | 53,291 |  |  | 54,890 |
Payables to related parties(1) |  |  | 8,516 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Staff costs to be paid |  |  | 6,038 |  |  | 4,716 |  |  | 5,867 |
Royalties to be paid |  |  | 4,892 |  |  | 4,553 |  |  | 3,909 |
Taxes and other debts to be paid |  |  | 6,812 |  |  | 7,846 |  |  | 5,418 |
To be paid to co-venturers |  |  | 3,533 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 2,007 |
|  |  | 108,527 |  |  | 70,842 |  |  | 72,091 |

Classified as follows:

Current |  |  | 100,183 |  |  | 70,842 |  |  | 72,091 |
Non-Current |  |  | 8,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1) In December 2012, LGI entered into GeoPark's operations in Colombia through the acquisition of a 20% of interest in GeoPark Colombia S.A. As part of the transaction, LGI committed to fund the operations in Colombia through loans (See Note 35 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of 31 December 2012). The maturity of these loans is December 2015 and the applicable interest rate is 8% per annum.

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Note 14

Acquisitions in Colombia

In February 2012, GeoPark acquired two privately-held exploration and production companies operating in Colombia, Winchester Oil and Gas S.A. and La Luna Oil Company Limited S.A. ("Winchester Luna").

In March 2012, a second acquisition occurred with the purchase of Hupecol Cuerva LLC ("Hupecol"), a privately-held company with two exploration and production blocks in Colombia.

The following table summarises the combined consideration paid for Winchester Luna and Hupecol, the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for these transactions:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Hupecol |  | Winchester Luna |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cash (including working capital adjustments) |  |  | 79,630 |  |  | 32,243 |  |  | 111,873 |
Total consideration |  |  | 79,630 |  |  | 32,243 |  |  | 111,873 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 976 |  |  | 5,594 |  |  | 6,570 |
Property, plant and equipment (including mineral interest) |  |  | 73,791 |  |  | 37,182 |  |  | 110,973 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 4,402 |  |  | 4,098 |  |  | 8,500 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 5,640 |  |  | 2,983 |  |  | 8,623 |
Deferred income tax assets |  |  | 10,344 |  |  | 5,262 |  |  | 15,606 |
Inventories |  |  | 10,596 |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 12,208 |
Trade payables and other debt |  |  | (20,487 | ) |  | (11,981 | ) |  | (32,468 | )
Borrowings |  |  | — |  |  | (1,368 | ) |  | (1,368 | )
Provision for other long-term liabilities |  |  | (5,632 | ) |  | (2,738 | ) |  | (8,370 | )
Total identifiable net assets |  |  | 79,630 |  |  | 40,644 |  |  | 120,274 |
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | 8,401 |

In 2012, the results of the operations corresponding to Winchester Luna and Hupecol were consolidated since the acquisition date, February and April, respectively.

See Note 35 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements as of 31 December 2012.

Note 15

Entry in Brazil

Proposed acquisition in Brazil

GeoPark entered into Brazil with the proposed acquisition of a ten percent working interest in the offshore Manati gas field ("Manati Field"), the largest natural gas producing field in Brazil. On May 14, 2013, GeoPark executed a stock purchase agreement ("SPA") with Panoro Energy do Brazil Ltda., the subsidiary of Panoro Energy ASA, ("Panoro"), a Norwegian listed company with assets in Brazil and Africa, to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of its wholly-owned Brazilian subsidiary, Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda ("Rio das Contas"), the direct owner of 10% of the BCAM-40 block (the "Block"), which includes the shallow-depth offshore Manati Field in the Camamu-Almada basin.

The Manati Field is a strategically important, profitable upstream asset in Brazil and currently provides approximately 50% of the gas supplied to the northeastern region of Brazil and more than 75% of the gas supplied to Salvador, the largest city and capital of the northeastern state of Bahia. The field is largely developed with existing producing wells and an extensive pipeline, treatment and delivery infrastructure and is not expected to require significant future capital expenditures to meet current production estimates. Additional reserve development may be possible.

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The Manati Field is operated by Petrobras (35% working interest), the Brazilian national company, largest oil and gas operator in Brazil and internationally-respected offshore operator. Other partners in the block include Queiroz Galvao Exploracao e Producao (45% working interest) and Brasoil Manati Exploracao Petrolifera S.A. (10% working interest).

GeoPark has agreed to pay a cash consideration of US$140 million at closing, which will be adjusted for working capital with an effective date of April 30, 2013. The agreement also provides for possible future contingent payments by GeoPark over the next five years, depending on the economic performance and cash generation of the Block. The closing of the acquisition is subject to certain conditions, including approval by the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency ("ANP") and the Brazilian antitrust authorities.

The Manati Field acquisition provides GeoPark with:

•
  A solid foundational platform in Brazil to support future growth and expansion in Brazil—one of the world's most attractive hydrocarbon regions.
•
  Participation in an economically-attractive and strategic asset representing the largest non-associated gas producing field in Brazil, with a gross production of over 200 million cubic feet per day of gas and a secure attractively-priced long term off take contract that covers 75% of proven reserves (100% of proven developed reserves).
•
  A low-risk and fully-developed producing gas field with no significant drilling or capital expenditure investments expected.
•
  A valuable partnership with Petrobras, the largest operator in Brazil.
•
  An established geoscience and administrative team to manage the assets—and seek new growth opportunities.

New operations in Brazil

On 14 May 2013, the Company has been awarded seven new licenses in the Brazilian Round 11 of which two are in the Reconcavo Basin in the State of Bahia and five are in the Potiguar Basin in the State of Rio Grande do Norte.

The licensing round was organized by the ANP and all proceedings and bids have been made public. On 17 September 2013, the winning bids were approved by the ANP.

For its winning bids on the seven blocks, GeoPark has committed to invest a minimum of US$15.3 million (including bonus and work program commitment) during the first 3 years of the exploratory period. The new blocks cover an area of approximately 54,850 acres.

Note 16

Drilling operations start-up in Tierra del Fuego

In April 2013, the Company has started the exploration drilling in Tierra del Fuego in Chile in its partnership with Empresa Nacional de Petroleo de Chile ("ENAP") with the spudding of the Chercán 1 well on the Flamenco Block. Chercán 1 is the first of 21 exploratory wells on the Flamenco, Campanario and Isla Norte Blocks in Tierra del Fuego as part of an estimated US$ 100 million investment commitment during the First Exploration Period. As of the date of this interim consolidated financial report 3 wells have been drilled and more than 1,200 sq km of 3D seismic have been carried out over the three blocks; out of a total 3D seismic program of approximately 1,500 sq km.

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Note 17

Share-based payment

During the third quarter of 2013, as part of its Long-term Incentive Plan, the Company approved two new share-based compensation programmes: i.) a stock awards plan oriented to Managers (non Top Management) and key employees which qualifies as an equity-settled plan and ii.) a phantom awards plan, oriented to all non-management employees which qualifies as a cash-settled plan.

Main characteristics of both plans are:

•
  Exercise price: US$ 0.001
•
  Grant date: July 2013
•
  Grant price: £ 5.8
•
  Vesting date: 31 December 2015
•
  Conditions to be able to exercise:
  •
    Continue to be an employee
  •
    Obtain the Company minimum Production, Adjusted EBITDA and Reserves target for the year of vesting
  •
    The stock market price at the date of vesting should be higher than the share price at the price of grant
•
  Estimated amount of shares for both plans: 1,000,000

In addition, the Company also approved a plan named Value creation plan ("VCP") oriented to Top Management. The VCP establishes awards payables in a variable number of shares with some limitation, subject to certain market conditions, among others, reach certain stock market price for the Company share at vesting date. VCP has been classified as an equity-settled plan.

For the measure and recognition of the three new plans the Company has applied IFRS 2.

Note 18

Strategic alliance with Tecpetrol in Brazil

On 30 September 2013, the Company and Tecpetrol S.A. ("Tecpetrol") announced the formation of a new strategic alliance to jointly identify, study and potentially acquire upstream oil and gas opportunities in Brazil, with a specific focus on the Parnaiba, Sao Francisco, Reconcavo, Potiguar and Sergipe-Alagoas basins.

Tecpetrol is the oil and gas subsidiary of the Techint Group (a multinational oilfield and steel conglomerate) with an extensive track-record as an oil and gas explorer and operator with its portfolio of assets currently in Argentina, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela and the United States, and with a current net production of over 85,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day.

At 30 September 2013, there is no accounting impact of the creation of the alliance.

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Note 19

Initial Public Offering in Progress with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

On 10 September 2013, the Company announced a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in order to create a public market for its common shares in the United States and to facilitate future access to international equity markets, as well as to obtain additional capital and financial flexibility.

A registration statement relating to the common shares has been filed with the SEC but has not yet become effective. The common shares may not be sold, nor may offers to buy be accepted, in the United States prior to the time the registration statement becomes effective.

As of the date of these financial statements, the Company is evaluating the optimum timing for its proposed listing and common shares offering on the NYSE, which is expected to be in the first half of 2014.

Note 20

Subsequent events

On 29 October 2013, the Company put into place an irrevocable, non-discretionary share purchase program for the purchase up to 400,000 of our common shares, or the Purchase Program, for the account of our Employee Benefit Trust, or EBT.

The Purchase Program will last from 29 October 2013 through 31 December 2013, and will be managed by BTG Pactual Chile International Limited and Oriel Securities Limited. The common shares purchased under the program will be used to satisfy future awards under the incentive schemes. Under the program, the Company may procure the purchase in any one day of not more than 25% of the average daily volume over the preceding 20 business days.

The Company has made the following purchases pursuant to the program: i) on 5 November 2013, 10,000 common shares at a purchase price of £ 5.45; and ii) on 14 November 2013, 10,000 common shares at a purchase price of £ 5.40.

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GeoPark Holdings Limited

Consolidated financial statements

As of and for the year ended 31 December 2012

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GeoPark Holdings Limited
31 December 2012

Contents

Report of independent registered public accounting firm |  |  | F-26 |
Consolidated statement of income |  |  | F-27 |
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income |  |  | F-27 |
Consolidated statement of financial position |  |  | F-28 |
Consolidated statement of changes in equity |  |  | F-29 |
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  |  | F-30 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |  |  | F-31 |
Supplemental information on oil and gas producing activities |  |  | F-74 |

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Report of independent registered public accounting firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
GeoPark Holdings Limited

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flow present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of GeoPark Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the periods ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PRICE WATERHOUSE & CO. S.R.L.

By |  | /s/ Carlos Martín Barbafina |  |  |  |
|  | (Partner) |  |  |  |

Buenos Aires, Argentina
July 17, 2013

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GeoPark Holdings Limited
31 December 2012
Consolidated statement of income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
NET REVENUE |  |  | 7 |  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |
Production costs |  |  | 8 |  |  | (129,235 | ) |  | (54,513 | )
GROSS PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 121,243 |  |  | 57,067 |
Exploration costs |  |  | 11 |  |  | (27,890 | ) |  | (10,066 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | 12 |  |  | (28,798 | ) |  | (18,169 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | 13 |  |  | (24,631 | ) |  | (2,546 | )
Other operating income (expenses) |  |  |  |  |  | 823 |  |  | (502 | )
OPERATING PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 40,747 |  |  | 25,784 |
Financial income |  |  | 14 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 162 |
Financial expenses |  |  | 15 |  |  | (17,200 | ) |  | (13,678 | )
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 35 |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | — |
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX |  |  |  |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 12,268 |
Income tax |  |  | 16 |  |  | (14,394 | ) |  | (7,206 | )
PROFIT FOR THE YEAR |  |  |  |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 54 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | 5,008 |
Earnings per share (in US$) for profit attributable to owners of the Company. Basic |  |  | 18 |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 0.00 |
Earnings per share (in US$) for profit attributable to owners of the Company. Diluted |  |  | 18 |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 0.00 |

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Income for the year |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total comprehensive Income for year |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 54 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | 5,008 |

The notes on pages F-30 to F-72 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GeoPark Holdings Limited
31 December 2012
Consolidated statement of financial position

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 19 |  |  | 457,837 |  |  | 224,635 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 21 |  |  | 10,707 |  |  | 2,957 |
Other financial assets |  |  | 24 |  |  | 7,791 |  |  | 5,226 |
Deferred income tax asset |  |  | 17 |  |  | 13,591 |  |  | 450 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 23 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 707 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 490,436 |  |  | 233,975 |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other financial assets |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,000 |
Inventories |  |  | 22 |  |  | 3,955 |  |  | 584 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 23 |  |  | 32,271 |  |  | 15,929 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 23 |  |  | 49,620 |  |  | 24,984 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 21 |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 147 |
Cash at bank and in hand |  |  | 24 |  |  | 48,292 |  |  | 193,650 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 137,581 |  |  | 238,294 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 628,017 |  |  | 472,269 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  | 25 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |
Share premium |  |  |  |  |  | 116,817 |  |  | 112,231 |
Reserves |  |  |  |  |  | 128,421 |  |  | 115,164 |
Accumulated losses |  |  |  |  |  | (5,860 | ) |  | (18,549 | )
Attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  | 239,421 |  |  | 208,889 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  | 72,665 |  |  | 41,763 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  | 312,086 |  |  | 250,652 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 26 |  |  | 165,046 |  |  | 134,643 |
Provisions and other long-term liabilities |  |  | 27 |  |  | 25,991 |  |  | 9,412 |
Deferred income tax liability |  |  | 17 |  |  | 17,502 |  |  | 13,109 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 208,539 |  |  | 157,164 |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 26 |  |  | 27,986 |  |  | 30,613 |
Current income tax liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 7,315 |  |  | 187 |
Trade and other payable |  |  | 28 |  |  | 54,890 |  |  | 28,535 |
Provisions for other liabilities |  |  | 29 |  |  | 17,201 |  |  | 5,118 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 107,392 |  |  | 64,453 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 315,931 |  |  | 221,617 |
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 628,017 |  |  | 472,269 |

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on July 17, 2013.

The notes on pages F-30 to F-72 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GeoPark Holdings Limited
31 December 2012
Consolidated statement of changes in equity

|  | Attributable to owners of the company |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Amount in US$ '000 |  | Share capital |  | Share premium |  | Other reserve |  | Translation reserve |  | Accumulated losses |  | Non-controlling interest |  | Total |
Equity at 1 January 2011 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 107,858 |  |  | 3,025 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (19,527 | ) |  | — |  |  | 92,292 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the year |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | 5,008 |  |  | 5,062 |
Total Comprehensive Income for the Year 2011 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |  |  | 5,008 |  |  | 5,062 |
Transactions with owners: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from transaction with Non-controlling interest (Notes 25 and 35) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 111,245 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,755 |  |  | 148,000 |
Share-based payment (Note 30) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4,373 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 924 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,298 |
Total 2011 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4,373 |  |  | 111,245 |  |  | — |  |  | 924 |  |  | 36,755 |  |  | 153,298 |
Balances at 31 December 2011 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 112,231 |  |  | 114,270 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (18,549 | ) |  | 41,763 |  |  | 250,652 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the year |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | 18,446 |
Total Comprehensive Income for the Year 2012 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 6,567 |  |  | 18,446 |
Transactions with owners: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from transaction with Non-controlling interest (Notes 25 and 35) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 13,257 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,335 |  |  | 37,592 |
Share-based payment (Note 30) |  |  | — |  |  | 4,586 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 810 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,396 |
Total 2012 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,586 |  |  | 13,257 |  |  | — |  |  | 810 |  |  | 24,335 |  |  | 42,988 |
Balances at 31 December 2012 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 116,817 |  |  | 127,527 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (5,860 | ) |  | 72,665 |  |  | 312,086 |

The notes on pages F-30 to F-72 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GeoPark Holdings Limited
31 December 2012
Consolidated statement of cash flow

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income for the year |  |  |  |  |  | 18,446 |  |  | 5,062 |
Adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax for the year |  |  | 16 |  |  | 14,394 |  |  | 7,206 |
Depreciation of the year |  |  | 9 |  |  | 53,317 |  |  | 26,408 |
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  |  | 546 |  |  | 2,010 |
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | 11 |  |  | 25,552 |  |  | 5,919 |
Impairment loss |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,344 |
Accrual of interest on borrowings |  |  |  |  |  | 12,478 |  |  | 11,130 |
Amortisation of other long-term liabilities |  |  | 27 |  |  | (2,143 | ) |  | (1,038 | )
Unwinding of long-term liabilities |  |  | 27 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 350 |
Accrual of share-based payment |  |  | 10 |  |  | 5,396 |  |  | 5,298 |
Exchange difference generated by borrowings |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  | (15 | )
Gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  | (8,401 | ) |  | — |
Deferred income |  |  | 27 |  |  | 5,550 |  |  | 5,000 |
Income tax paid |  |  |  |  |  | (408 | ) |  | — |
Changes in working capital |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5,778 |  |  | 89 |
Cash flows from operating activities—net |  |  |  |  |  | 131,802 |  |  | 68,763 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  |  | (198,204 | ) |  | (98,651 | )
Acquisitions of companies, net of cash acquired |  |  | 35 |  |  | (105,303 | ) |  | — |
Purchase of financial assets |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (2,625 | )
Cash flows used in investing activities—net |  |  |  |  |  | (303,507 | ) |  | (101,276 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings |  |  |  |  |  | 37,200 |  |  | 9,668 |
Proceeds from transaction with non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  | 12,452 |  |  | 142,000 |
Principal paid |  |  |  |  |  | (12,382 | ) |  | (9,150 | )
Interest paid |  |  |  |  |  | (10,895 | ) |  | (10,779 | )
Cash flows from financing activities—net |  |  |  |  |  | 26,375 |  |  | 131,739 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | (145,330 | ) |  | 99,226 |
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January |  |  |  |  |  | 183,622 |  |  | 84,396 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year |  |  |  |  |  | 38,292 |  |  | 183,622 |
Ending Cash and cash equivalents are specified as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash in bank |  |  |  |  |  | 48,268 |  |  | 193,642 |
Cash in hand |  |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |  | 8 |
Bank overdrafts |  |  |  |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  | (10,028 | )
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | 38,292 |  |  | 183,622 |

The notes on pages F-30 to F-72 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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GeoPark Holdings Limited
31 December 2012
Notes

Note 1 General information

GeoPark Holdings Limited (the Company) is a company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda. The Registered office address is Cumberland House, 9th Floor, 1 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM 11, Bermuda. The Company has a representative office at 35 Piccadilly, London, United Kingdom.

The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiaries ("the Group") are exploration, development and production for oil and gas reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina. The Group has working interests and/or economic interests in 19 hydrocarbon blocks.

The Group was founded in 2002. The first acquisition was the purchase of AES Corporation's upstream oil and natural gas assets in Chile and Argentina. Those assets included a non-operating working interest in the Fell block in Chile, which at that time was operated by Empresa Nacional de Petróleo ("ENAP"), the Chilean state-owned hydrocarbon company, and operating working interests in the Del Mosquito, Cerro Doña Juana and Loma Cortaderal blocks in Argentina. In 2006, the Group was awarded a 100% operating working interest in the Fell block by the Republic of Chile. In 2008 and 2009, the Group continued the growth in Chile by acquiring operating working interests in each of the Otway and Tranquilo blocks. In 2011, the Group was awarded operating working interests in each of the Isla Norte, Flamenco and Campanario blocks in Tierra del Fuego, Chile, and in 2012, the Group formalized and entered into special operation contracts (Contratos Especiales de Operación para la Exploración y Explotación de Yacimientos de Hidrocarburos) (each, a "CEOP") with Chile for the exploitation and exploration of these blocks. In the first quarter of 2012, GeoPark extended its footprint to Colombia by acquiring three privately held Exploration and Production ("E&P") companies, Winchester, La Luna and Cuerva, that includes working interests and/or economic interests in 10 blocks located in the Llanos, Magdalena and Catatumbo basins.

The Company is quoted on the AIM London Stock Exchange. Also its shares are authorized for trading on the Santiago Off-Shore Stock Exchange, in US$ under the trading symbol "GPK".

These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on July 17, 2013.

Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

2.1 Basis of preparation

The consolidated financial statements of GeoPark Holdings Limited have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB").

The consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands (US$'000) of United States Dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (US$'000), except where otherwise indicated.

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The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in this note under the title "Accounting estimates and assumptions".

2.1.1 Changes in accounting policy and disclosure

New and amended standards adopted by the Group

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after 1 January 2012 that would be expected to have a material impact on the Group.

New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning 1 January 2012 and not early adopted

IFRS 9, 'Financial instruments', addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and October 2010. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified into two measurement categories: those measured at fair value and those measured at amortised cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements.

The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity's own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. The Group is yet to assess IFRS 9's full impact and intends to adopt IFRS 9 no later than the accounting period beginning on or after 1 January 2015.

IFRS 10, 'Consolidated financial statements" builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the determination of control where this is difficult to assess. The company applied IFRS 10 from 1 January 2013 and this standard did not materially affect the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 11, 'Joint arrangements', establishes principles for financial reporting by entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. IFRS 11 defines joint control and requires an entity that is a party to a joint arrangement to determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations and to account for those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement. The company applied IFRS 11 from 1 January 2013 and this standard did not materially affect the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 12, 'Disclosures of interests in other entities' includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off balance sheet vehicles. . The company applied IFRS 10 from 1 January 2013 and this standard did not materially affect the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

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IFRS 13, 'Fair value measurement', aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for use across IFRSs. The requirements, which are largely aligned between IFRSs and US GAAP, do not extend the use of fair value accounting but provide guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRSs. The company applied IFRS 13 from 1 January 2013 and it has not have a significant impact on the balances recorded in the financial statements as at 31 December 2012 but would require the company to apply different valuation techniques to certain items (e.g. debt acquired as part of a business combination) recognised at fair value as and when they arise in the future.

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the Group.

Management assessed the relevance of other new standards, amendments or interpretations not yet effective and concluded that they are not relevant to Group.

2.2 Going concern

The Directors regularly monitor the Group's cash position and liquidity risks throughout the year to ensure that it has sufficient funds to meet forecast operational and investment funding requirements. Sensitivities are run to reflect latest expectations of expenditures, oil and gas prices and other factors to enable the Group to manage the risk of any funding short falls and/or potential loan covenant breaches.

Considering macroeconomic environment conditions, the performance of the operations, the US$ 300 million debt fund raising completed in February 2013 and Group's cash position, the Directors have formed a judgement, at the time of approving the financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue with its investment programme to increase oil and gas reserves, production and revenues and meeting all its obligations for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Directors have continued to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

2.3 Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements consolidate those of the Company and all of its subsidiary undertakings drawn up to the Balance Sheet date. Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has the power to control the financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits from its activities, generally accompanying a shareholding of more than one half of the voting rights. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group.

The Group applies the acquisition method to account for business combinations. The consideration transferred for the acquisition of a subsidiary is the fair values of the assets transferred, the liabilities incurred to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group. The consideration transferred includes the fair value of any asset or liability resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date.

Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill is initially measured as the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the fair value of non-controlling interest over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If this

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consideration is lower than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognised in profit or loss.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its subsidiaries are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of subsidiaries have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Group.

2.4 Segment reporting

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the strategic steering committee that makes strategic decisions. This committee consists of the CEO, Managing Director, CFO and managers in charge of the Exploration, Development, Drilling, Operations and SPEED departments. This committee reviews the Group's internal reporting in order to assess performance and allocate resources. Management has determined the operating segments based on these reports.

2.5 Foreign currency translation

a) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Group's presentation currency.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The functional currency of Group companies incorporated in Chile, Colombia and Argentina is the US Dollar.

b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

2.6 Joint operations

The Company's interests in oil and gas related joint operations and other agreements involved in oil and gas exploration and production, have been consolidated line by line on the basis of the Company's proportional share in their assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses.

2.7 Revenue recognition

Revenue from the sale of crude oil and gas is recognised in the Statement of Income when risk transferred to the purchaser, and if the revenue can be measured reliably and is expected to be received. Revenue is shown net of VAT, discounts related to the sale and overriding royalties due to the ex-owners of oil and gas properties where the royalty arrangements represent a retained working interest in the property.

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2.8 Production costs

Production costs include wages and salaries incurred to achieve the net revenue for the year. Direct and indirect costs of raw materials and consumables, rentals and leasing, property, plant and equipment depreciation and royalties are also included within this account.

2.9 Financial costs

Financial costs include interest expenses, realised and unrealised gains and losses arising from transactions in foreign currencies and the amortisation of financial assets and liabilities. The Company has capitalised borrowing cost for wells and facilities that were initiated after 1 January 2009. Amounts capitalised totalled US$ 1,368,952 (US$ 597,127 in 2011).

2.10 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment if applicable. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items; including provisions for asset retirement obligation.

Oil and gas exploration and production activities are accounted for in accordance with the successful efforts method on a field by field basis. The Group accounts for exploration and evaluation activities in accordance with IFRS 6, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, capitalizing exploration and evaluation costs until such time as the economic viability of producing the underlying resources is determined. Costs incurred prior to obtaining legal rights to explore are expensed immediately to the income statement.

Exploration and evaluation costs may include: license acquisition, geological and geophysical studies (i.e.: seismic), direct labour costs and drilling costs of exploratory wells. No depreciation and/or amortisation are charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. Upon completion of the evaluation phase, the prospects are either transferred to oil and gas properties or charged to expense (exploration costs) in the period in which the determination is made depending whether they have found reserves or not. If not developed, exploration and evaluation assets are written off after three years unless, it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment is recoverable.

A charge of US$ 25,552,000 has been recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income within Exploration costs (US$ 5,919,000 in 2011) for write-offs in Argentina, Colombia and Chile (see Note 11).

All field development costs are considered construction in progress until they are finished and capitalised within oil and gas properties, and are subject to depreciation once complete. Such costs may include the acquisition and installation of production facilities, development drilling costs (including dry holes, service wells and seismic surveys for development purposes), project-related engineering and the acquisition costs of rights and concessions related to proved properties.

Workovers of wells made to develop reserves and/or increase production are capitalized as development costs. Maintenance costs are charged to income when incurred.

Capitalised costs of proved oil and gas properties and production facilities and machinery are depreciated on a licensed area by the licensed area basis, using the unit of production method, based on commercial proved and probable reserves. The calculation of the "unit of production" depreciation takes into account estimated future finding and development costs and is based on current year end unescalated price levels.

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Changes in reserves and cost estimates are recognised prospectively. Reserves are converted to equivalent units on the basis of approximate relative energy content.

Depreciation of the remaining property, plant and equipment assets (i.e. furniture and vehicles) not directly associated with oil and gas activities has been calculated by means of the straight line method by applying such annual rates as required to write-off their value at the end of their estimated useful lives. The useful lives range between 3 years and 10 years.

Depreciation is allocated in the Consolidated Statement of Income as production, exploration and administrative expenses, based on the nature of the associated asset.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount (see Impairment of non-financial assets in Note 2.12).

2.11 Provisions and other long-term liabilities

Provisions for asset retirement obligations, deferred income, restructuring obligations and legal claims are recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employee termination payments.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

2.11.1 Asset retirement obligation

The Group records the fair value of the liability for asset retirement obligations in the period in which the wells are drilled. When the liability is initially recorded, the Group capitalises the cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value at each reporting period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the related asset. According to interpretations and application of current legislation and on the basis of the changes in technology and the variations in the costs of restoration necessary to protect the environment, the Group has considered it appropriate to periodically re-evaluate future costs of well-capping. The effects of this recalculation are included in the financial statements in the period in which this recalculation is determined and reflected as an adjustment to the provision and the corresponding property, plant and equipment asset.

2.11.2 Deferred income

Relates to contributions received in cash from the Group's clients to improve the project economics of gas wells. The amounts collected are reflected as a deferred income in the balance sheet and recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income over the productive life of the associated wells. The depreciation of the gas wells that generated the deferred income is charged to the Consolidated Statement of Income simultaneously with the amortisation of the deferred income.

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2.12 Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that are not subject to depreciation and/or amortisation (i.e.: exploration and evaluation assets) are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to depreciation and/or amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units), generally a licensed area. Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

No asset should be kept as an exploration and evaluation asset for a period of more than three years, except if it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment will be recoverable.

In 2012, no charge (US$ 1,344,000 in 2011) has been recognised within exploration costs as a result of the impairment test performed regarding operating fields in Argentina (see Note 11).

2.13 Lease contracts

All current lease contracts are considered to be operating leases on the basis that the lessor retains substantially all the risks and rewards related to the ownership of the leased asset. Payments related to operating leases and other rental agreements are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement on a straight line basis over the term of the contract. The Group's total commitment relating to operating leases and rental agreements is disclosed in Note 32.

2.14 Inventories

Inventories comprise crude oil and materials.

Crude oil is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Materials are measured at the lower of cost and recoverable amount. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The cost of materials and consumables is calculated at acquisition price with the addition of transportation and similar costs.

2.15 Current and deferred income tax

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company's subsidiaries operate and generate taxable income.

Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

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In addition, tax losses available to be carried forward as well as other income tax credits to the Group are assessed for recognition as deferred tax assets.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full, with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income.

2.16 Financial assets

Financial assets are divided into the following categories: loans and receivables; financial assets at fair value through the profit or loss; available-for-sale financial assets; and held-to-maturity investments. Financial assets are assigned to the different categories by management on initial recognition, depending on the purpose for which the investments were acquired. The designation of financial assets is re-evaluated at every reporting date at which a choice of classification or accounting treatment is available.

All financial assets are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are initially recognised at fair value, plus transaction costs.

Derecognition of financial assets occurs when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments expire or are transferred and substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. An assessment for impairment is undertaken at each balance sheet date.

Interest and other cash flows resulting from holding financial assets are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement when receivable, regardless of how the related carrying amount of financial assets is measured.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than twelve months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as non-current assets. The Group's loans and receivables comprise trade receivables, prepayments and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. They arise when the Group provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivables. Loans and receivables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. Any change in their value through impairment or reversal of impairment is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income. All of the Group's financial assets are classified as loan and receivables.

2.17 Other financial assets

Non current other financial assets mainly relate to the cash collateral account required under the terms of the Bond issued in 2010 (see Note 26). This investment was intended to guarantee interest payments and was recovered at repayment date (see Note 37). Non current other financial assets also include contributions made for environmental obligations according to a Colombian government request.

Current other financial assets relate solely to the cash paid into escrow that has been released on the closing of the purchase of Colombian assets (see Notes 24 and 35).

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2.18 Impairment of financial assets

Provision against trade receivables is made when objective evidence is received that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows.

2.19 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts, if any, are shown within borrowings in the current liabilities section of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

2.20 Trade and other payable

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of the business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2.21 Borrowings

Borrowings are obligations to pay cash and are recognised when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method.

Direct issue costs are charged to the Consolidated Statement of Income on an accruals basis using the effective interest method.

2.22 Share capital

Equity comprises the following:

•
  "Share capital" representing the nominal value of equity shares.
•
  "Share premium" representing the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration received for equity shares, net of expenses of the share issue.
•
  "Other reserve" representing:
  •
    the equity element attributable to shares granted according to IFRS 2 but not issued at year end or

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•
  the difference between the proceeds from the transaction with non-controlling interests received against the book value of the shares acquired in the subsidiaries GeoPark Chile S.A. and GeoPark Colombia S.A. (see Note 35).

•
  "Reserve for exchange adjustment" representing the differences arising from translation of investments in overseas subsidiaries.
•
  "Accumulated losses" representing accumulated and losses.

2.23 Share-based payment

The Group operates a number of equity-settled, share-based compensation plans comprising share awards payments and stock options plans to certain employees and other third party contractors.

Fair value of the stock option plan for employee or contractors services received in exchange for the grant of the options is recognised as an expense. The total amount to be expensed over the vesting period is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted calculated using the Black-Scholes model.

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options that are expected to vest. At each balance sheet date, the entity revises its estimates of the number of options that are expected to vest. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the Consolidated Statement of Income, with a corresponding adjustment to equity.

The fair value of the share awards payments is determined at the grant date by reference of the market value of the shares and recognised as an expense over the vesting period.

When the options are exercised, the Company issues new shares. The proceeds received net of any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium when the options are exercised.

Note 3 Financial Instruments-risk management

The Group is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:

•
  Currency risk
•
  Price risk
•
  Credit risk—concentration
•
  Funding and liquidity risk
•
  Interest rate risk
•
  Capital risk management

The policy for managing these risks is set by the Board. Certain risks are managed centrally, while others are managed locally following guidelines communicated from the corporate office. The policy for each of the above risks is described in more detail below.

Currency risk

In Argentina, Colombia and Chile the functional currency is the US Dollar. The fluctuation of the local currencies of these countries against the US Dollar does not impact the loans, costs and revenues held in US Dollars; but it does impact the balances denominated in local currencies. Such is the case of the

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prepaid taxes. As currency rate changes between the U.S. Dollar and the local currencies, the Group recognizes gains and losses in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

In Chile, Colombia and Argentina subsidiaries most of the balances are denominated in US Dollars, and since it is the functional currency of the subsidiaries, there is no exposure to currency fluctuation except from receivables or payables originated in local currency mainly corresponding to VAT. The balances as of 31 December 2012 of VAT were credits for US$ 3,624,000 (US$ 3,630,000 in 2011) in Argentina, credits for US$ 221,000 (US$ 955,000 payable in 2011) in Chile and VAT payable for US$ 2,418,000 in Colombia.

The Group minimises the local currency positions in Argentina and Chile by seeking to equilibrate local and foreign currency assets and liabilities. However, tax receivables (VAT) are very difficult to match with local currency liabilities. Therefore the Group maintains a net exposure to them.

Most of the Group's assets are associated with oil and gas productive assets. Such assets in the oil and gas industry even in the local markets are usually settled in US Dollar equivalents.

During 2012, the Argentine peso weakened by 16% (8% in 2011) against the US Dollar, the Chilean Peso strengthened by 8% (weakened by 11% in 2011) and the Colombian Peso strengthened by 9%. If the Argentine Peso, the Chilean Peso and the Colombian Peso had each weakened an additional 5% against the US dollar, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the year would have been lower by US$ 45,500 (US$ 41,000 in 2011).

Price risk

The price realised for the oil produced by the Group is linked to WTI (West Texas Intermediate) and Brent (in respect of our Colombian operations), which is settled in the international markets in US dollars. The market price of these commodities is subject to significant fluctuation but the Board does not consider it appropriate to manage the Group's risk to such fluctuation through futures contracts or similar because to do so would not have been economic at the achieved production levels.

In Chile, the oil price is based on WTI minus certain marketing and quality discounts such as, inter alia, API quality and mercury content. In Argentina, the oil price is also subject to the impact of the retention tax on oil exports defined by the Argentine government which limits the direct correlation to the WTI.

The Company has signed a long-term Gas Supply Contract with Methanex in Chile. The price of the gas under this contract is indexed to the international methanol price.

If the market prices of WTI, Brent and methanol had fallen by 10% compared to actual prices during the year, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the year would have been lower by US$ 18,784,000 (US$ 9,501,000 in 2011).

The Board will consider adopting a hedging policy against commodity price risk, when deemed appropriate, according to the size of the business and market implied volatility.

Credit risk—concentration

The Group's credit risk relates mainly to accounts receivable where the credit risks correspond to the recognised values. There is not considered to be any significant risk in respect of the Group's major customers. Substantially all oil production in Argentina is sold to Oil Combustibles.

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In Chile, all gas production is sold to the local subsidiary of the Methanex Corporation, a Canadian public company (12% of total revenue, 34% in 2011). All the oil produced in Chile is sold to ENAP (48% of total revenue, 65% in 2011), the State owned oil and gas company. In Colombia, 78% of the oil we produced there, was sold to Hocol, a subsidiary of Ecopetrol, the Colombian Sate owned oil Company (31% of total revenue). The mentioned companies all have a very good credit standing and despite the concentration of the credit risk, the Directors do not consider there to be a significant collection risk.

See disclosure in Note 24.

Funding and Liquidity risk

The Group has strong support from its financial partners and significant flexibility in adjusting the programme to ensure the development of the key properties.

In addition, during 2011, the Group was able to secure US$ 148,000,000 from the disposal of 20% of the Chilean business and during 2012 LGI made a capital subscription in GeoPark Colombia S.A. for an amount of US$ 14,920,000 for the 20% of the Colombian business. In addition, as part of the transaction, US$ 5,000,000 was transferred directly to the Colombian subsidiary as a loan.

See disclosure in Note 35.

Interest rate risk

As the Group has no significant interest-bearing assets, the Group's profit and operating cash flows are substantially independent of changes in market interest rates. The Group's interest rate risk arises from long-term borrowings issued at variable rates, which expose the Group to cash flow to interest rate risk. The Group does not face interest rate risk on its US$ 133,000,000 Reg S Notes which carry a fixed rate coupon of 7.75% per annum.

The interest rate of the loans from Methanex Corporation and Itau Bank depends on the LIBOR rate. For the period covered by these financial statements, the Group has decided not to buy any coverage for this risk. At 31 December 2012 the outstanding long-term borrowing affected by variable rates amounted to US$ 45,721,000, representing 24% of total long-term borrowings.

The Group analyses its interest rate exposure on a dynamic basis. Various scenarios are simulated taking into consideration refinancing, renewal of existing positions, alternative financing and hedging. Based on these scenarios, the Group calculates the impact on profit and loss of a defined interest rate shift. For each simulation, the same interest rate shift is used for all currencies. The scenarios are run only for liabilities that represent the major interest-bearing positions.

At 31 December 2012, if interest rates on currency-denominated borrowings had been 1% higher with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the year would have been US$ 160,866 lower (US$ 144,267 in 2011), mainly as a result of higher interest expense on floating rate borrowings.

Capital risk management

The Group's objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.

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Consistent with others in the industry, the Group monitors capital on the basis of the gearing ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings (including 'current and non-current borrowings' as shown in the consolidated balance sheet) less cash and cash equivalent. Total capital is calculated as 'equity' as shown in the consolidated balance sheet plus net debt.

The Group's strategy is to keep the gearing ratio within a 30% to 45% range.

Particularly, in 2011 the gearing ratio has been affected by the transactions with non-controlling interests, by which the Group received proceeds of US$ 142,000,000.

The gearing ratios at 31 December 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Net Debt |  |  | 144,740 |  |  | 86,768(a | )
Total Equity |  |  | 312,086 |  |  | 250,652 |
Total Capital |  |  | 456,826 |  |  | 337,420 |
Gearing Ratio |  |  | 32% |  |  | 26% |

(a) For the calculation of the gearing ratio the Group does not consider the cash that has been allocated for future M&A activities.

Note 4 Accounting estimates and assumptions

Estimates and assumptions are used in preparing the financial statements. Although these estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may differ from them. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The key estimates and assumptions used in these consolidated financial statements are noted below:

•
  The Group adopts the successful efforts method of accounting. The Management of the Company makes assessments and estimates regarding whether an exploration asset should continue to be carried forward as an exploration and evaluation asset not yet determined or when insufficient information exists for this type of cost to remain as an asset. In making this assessment the Management takes professional advice from qualified independent experts.
•
  Cash flow estimates for impairment assessments require assumptions about two primary elements—future prices and reserves. Estimates of future prices require significant judgments about highly uncertain future events. Historically, oil and gas prices have exhibited significant volatility. Our forecasts for oil and gas revenues are based on prices derived from future price forecasts amongst industry analysts and our own assessments. Our estimates of future cash flows are generally based on our assumptions of long-term prices and operating and development costs.

  Given the significant assumptions required and the possibility that actual conditions will differ, we consider the assessment of impairment to be a critical accounting estimate.

  The process of estimating reserves is complex. It requires significant judgements and decisions based on available geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data. The estimation of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net cash flows was performed based on the Reserves Report dated December 2012 prepared by DeGolyer and MacNaughton, an international

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consultancy to the oil and gas industry based in Dallas. It incorporates many factors and assumptions including:

•
  expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering assessments;
•
  future production rates based on historical performance and expected future operating and investment activities;
•
  future oil and gas prices and quality differentials;
•
  assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and
•
  future development and operating costs.

|  | Management believes these factors and assumptions are reasonable based on the information available to us at the time we prepare our estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially as additional data from ongoing development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic conditions impacting oil and gas prices and costs change.

•
  Oil and gas assets held in property plant and equipment are mainly depreciated on a unit of production basis at a rate calculated by reference to proven and probable reserves and incorporating the estimated future cost of developing and extracting those reserves. Future development costs are estimated using assumptions as to the numbers of wells required to produce those reserves, the cost of the wells, future production facilities and operating costs together with assumptions on oil and gas realisations.
•
  Obligations related to the plugging of wells once operations are terminated may result in the recognition of significant obligations. Estimating the future abandonment costs is difficult and requires management to make estimates and judgments because most of the obligations are many years in the future. Technologies and costs are constantly changing as well as political, environmental, safety and public relations considerations. The Company has adopted the following criterion for recognising well plugging and abandonment related costs: The present value of future costs necessary for well plugging and abandonment is calculated for each area on the basis of a cash flow that is discounted at an average interest rate applicable to Company's indebtedness. The liabilities recognised are based upon estimated future abandonment costs, wells subject to abandonment, time to abandonment, and future inflation rates.

Note 5 Consolidated statement of cash flow

The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow shows the Group's cash flows for the year for operating, investing and financing activities and the change in cash and cash equivalents during the year.

Cash flows from operating activities are computed from the results for the year adjusted for non-cash operating items, changes in net working capital, and corporation tax. Tax paid is presented as a separate item under operating activities.

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The following chart describes non-cash transactions related to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow:

31 December 2012

Balance sheet items |  | Movements derived from consolidated statement of financial position |  | Acquisition of Colombian subsidiaries |  | Other non-cash movements (*) |  | Movements from consolidated statement of cash flow |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 233,202 |  |  | (110,973 | ) |  | (3,440 | ) |  | 118,789 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 11,046 |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 11,046 |
Inventory |  |  | 3,371 |  |  | (12,208 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8,837 | )
Trade receivables |  |  | 16,342 |  |  | (8,500 | ) |  | — |  |  | 7,842 |
Prepayment and other receivables |  |  | 24,439 |  |  | (8,623 | ) |  | (25,140 | ) |  | (9,324 | )
Other financial assets |  |  | (435 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (435 | )
Cash at bank and in hands |  |  | (145,358 | ) |  | (6,570 | ) |  | — |  |  | (151,928 | )
Borrowings |  |  | (27,776 | ) |  | 1,368 |  |  | — |  |  | (26,408 | )
Trade accounts payable |  |  | (26,355 | ) |  | 32,468 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,113 |
Deferred tax |  |  | 8,748 |  |  | (15,606 | ) |  | (7,128 | ) |  | (13,986 | )
Current income tax liabilities |  |  | (7,128 | ) |  | — |  |  | 7,128 |  |  | — |
Other liabilities |  |  | (28,662 | ) |  | 8,370 |  |  | 3,440 |  |  | (16,852 | )
Equity |  |  | (61,434 | ) |  | 120,274 |  |  | 25,140 |  |  | 83,980 |

31 December 2011

Balance sheet items |  | Movements derived from consolidated statement of financial position |  | Other non-cash movements (*) |  | Movements from consolidated statement of cash flow |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 64,918 |  |  | (1,948 | ) |  | 62,970 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | (892 | ) |  | — |  |  | (892 | )
Inventory |  |  | 332 |  |  | — |  |  | 332 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 2,858 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,858 |
Prepayment and other receivables |  |  | 22,350 |  |  | (6,000 | ) |  | 16,350 |
Other financial assets |  |  | 2,625 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,625 |
Cash at bank and in hands |  |  | 99,226 |  |  | — |  |  | 99,226 |
Borrowings |  |  | (855 | ) |  | — |  |  | (855 | )
Trade accounts payable |  |  | (15,825 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15,825 | )
Deferred tax |  |  | (7,019 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (7,206 | )
Current income tax liabilities |  |  | (187 | ) |  | 187 |  |  | — |
Other liabilities |  |  | (9,171 | ) |  | 1,948 |  |  | (7,223 | )
Equity |  |  | (158,360 | ) |  | 6,000 |  |  | (152,360 | )

(*) Non-cash movements include increase in the asset retirement obligation and deferred tax. In 2012, the movement amounting to US$ 14,920,000 relates to the contribution to be paid by LGI referring to the Colombian transactions with Non-controlling interest (see Notes 25 and 35). In 2011, the movement amounting to US$ 6,000,000 relates to the difference between the proceeds from transactions with Non-controlling interest and the total consideration of these transactions (see Notes 25 and 35).

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Cash flows from investing activities include payments in connection with the purchase and sale of property, plant and equipment and cash flows relating to the purchase and sale of enterprises to third parties. Cash flows from financing activities include changes in Shareholders' equity, and proceeds from borrowings and repayment of loans. Cash and cash equivalents include bank overdraft and liquid funds with a term of less than three months.

Changes in working capital shown in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow are disclosed as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Change in Prepaid taxes |  |  | (11,046 | ) |  | 892 |
Change in Inventories |  |  | 8,837 |  |  | (332 | )
Change in Trade receivables |  |  | (7,842 | ) |  | (2,858 | )
Change in Prepayments and other receivables and Other assets |  |  | 9,759 |  |  | (16,350 | )
Change in liabilities |  |  | 6,070 |  |  | 18,737 |
|  |  | 5,778 |  |  | 89 |

Note 6 Segment information

Management has determined the operating segments based on the reports reviewed by the strategic steering committee that are used to make strategic decisions. The committee considers the business from a geographic perspective.

The strategic steering committee assesses the performance of the operating segments based on a measure of adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation and certain non-cash items such as write-offs, impairments and share-based payments (Adjusted EBITDA). This measurement basis excludes the effects of non-recurring expenditure from the operating segments, such as impairments when it is the result of an isolated, non-recurring event. Interest income and expenses are not included in the result for each operating segment that is reviewed by the strategic steering committee. Other information provided, except as noted below, to the strategic steering committee is measured in a manner consistent with that in the financial statements.

Segment areas (geographical segments):

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Argentina |  | Colombia |  | Chile |  | Corporate |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 99,501 |  |  | 149,927 |  |  | — |  |  | 250,478 |
Gross (loss) / profit |  |  | (2,194 | ) |  | 39,304 |  |  | 84,133 |  |  | — |  |  | 121,243 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 2,051 |  |  | 34,474 |  |  | 93,908 |  |  | (9,029 | ) |  | 121,404 |
Depreciation |  |  | (3,408 | ) |  | (21,050 | ) |  | (28,734 | ) |  | (125 | ) |  | (53,317 | )
Impairment and write-off |  |  | (1,915 | ) |  | (5,147 | ) |  | (18,490 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25,552 | )
Total assets |  |  | 6,108 |  |  | 213,202 |  |  | 405,674 |  |  | 3,033 |  |  | 628,017 |
Employees (average) |  |  | 100 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 144 |  |  | — |  |  | 324 |

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Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Argentina |  | Colombia |  | Chile |  | Corporate |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | — |  |  | 110,103 |  |  | — |  |  | 111,580 |
Gross profit |  |  | 179 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,888 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,067 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | (1,081 | ) |  | — |  |  | 70,421 |  |  | (5,949 | ) |  | 63,391 |
Depreciation |  |  | (1,083 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25,297 | ) |  | (28 | ) |  | (26,408 | )
Impairment and write-off |  |  | (1,344 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,919 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,263 | )
Total assets |  |  | 10,895 |  |  | — |  |  | 453,384(1 | ) |  | 7,990 |  |  | 472,269 |
Employees (average) |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 182 |

(1) Includes cash received from disposal of 20% of the Chilean business in 2011.

Approximately 70% of capital expenditure was allocated to Chile (95% in 2011) and 30% was allocated to Colombia (0% in 2011).

A reconciliation of total Adjusted EBITDA to total profit before income tax is provided as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Adjusted EBITDA for reportable segments |  |  | 121,404 |  |  | 63,391 |
Depreciation |  |  | (53,317 | ) |  | (26,408 | )
Share-based payment |  |  | (5,396 | ) |  | (5,298 | )
Impairment and write-off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | (25,552 | ) |  | (7,263 | )
Others(a) |  |  | 3,608 |  |  | 1,362 |
Operating profit |  |  | 40,747 |  |  | 25,784 |
Financial results |  |  | (16,308 | ) |  | (13,516 | )
Gain on acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | — |
Profit before tax |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 12,268 |

(a) Includes internally capitalised costs.

Note 7 Net revenue

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Sale of crude oil |  |  | 221,564 |  |  | 73,508 |
Sale of gas |  |  | 28,914 |  |  | 38,072 |
|  |  | 250,478 |  |  | 111,580 |

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Note 8 Production costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Depreciation |  |  | 52,307 |  |  | 25,844 |
Royalties |  |  | 11,424 |  |  | 4,843 |
Staff costs (Note 10) |  |  | 12,384 |  |  | 4,568 |
Gas plant costs |  |  | 3,371 |  |  | 3,242 |
Transportation costs |  |  | 7,211 |  |  | 2,541 |
Facilities maintenance |  |  | 3,277 |  |  | 2,302 |
Well maintenance |  |  | 3,803 |  |  | 1,692 |
Consumables |  |  | 9,884 |  |  | 1,687 |
Share-based payments (Notes 10 and 30) |  |  | 1,787 |  |  | 1,447 |
Vehicle rental and personnel transportation |  |  | 1,680 |  |  | 1,404 |
Pulling costs |  |  | 2,305 |  |  | 1,086 |
Field camp |  |  | 2,407 |  |  | 1,009 |
Landowners |  |  | 845 |  |  | 344 |
Safety and Insurance costs |  |  | 1,428 |  |  | 316 |
Non operated blocks costs |  |  | 1,030 |  |  | — |
Equipment rental |  |  | 5,936 |  |  | — |
Cost of crude oil sold from acquired business |  |  | 3,826 |  |  | — |
Other costs |  |  | 4,330 |  |  | 2,188 |
|  |  | 129,235 |  |  | 54,513 |

Note 9 Depreciation

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Oil and gas properties |  |  | 44,552 |  |  | 20,096 |
Production facilities and machinery |  |  | 7,708 |  |  | 5,767 |
Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  |  | 713 |  |  | 343 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 344 |  |  | 202 |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 53,317 |  |  | 26,408 |

Recognised as follows:

Production costs |  |  | 52,307 |  |  | 25,844 |
Administrative costs |  |  | 1,010 |  |  | 501 |
Other operating costs |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |
Depreciation total |  |  | 53,317 |  |  | 26,408 |

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Note 10 Staff costs and directors remuneration

|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Average number of employees |  |  | 324 |  |  | 182 |
Amounts in US$ '000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wages and salaries |  |  | 19,132 |  |  | 9,914 |
Shared-based payment |  |  | 5,396 |  |  | 5,298 |
Social security charges |  |  | 3,636 |  |  | 2,228 |
|  |  | 28,164 |  |  | 17,440 |

|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Board of Directors' and key managers' remuneration |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and fees |  |  | 5,711 |  |  | 4,045 |
Other benefits |  |  | 846 |  |  | 2,257 |
|  |  | 6,557 |  |  | 6,302 |

Directors' remuneration

|  | 2012 Cash payment |  | Stock payment |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Executive directors' fees |  | Executive directors' bonus |  | Non-executive directors' fees |  | Director fees paid in shares no. of shares |  | Cash equivalent total remuneration |
Gerald O'Shaughnessy |  | US$250,000 |  | US$150,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | US$400,000 |
James F. Park |  | US$500,000 |  | US$300,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  | US$800,000 |
Sir Michael Jenkins(1) |  | — |  | — |  |  | £23,250 |  |  | 3,020 |  | £40,750 |
Peter Ryalls(1) |  | — |  | — |  |  | £23,250 |  |  | 3,020 |  | £40,750 |
Christian Weyer(1) |  | — |  | — |  |  | £23,250 |  |  | 3,020 |  | £40,750 |
Juan Cristóbal Pavez |  | — |  | — |  |  | £17,500 |  |  | 3,020 |  | £35,000 |
Carlos Gulisano |  | — |  | — |  |  | £35,000 |  |  | — |  | £35,000 |
Steven J. Quamme |  | — |  | — |  |  | £17,500 |  |  | 3,020 |  | £35,000 |

(1) Non-executive director fee includes a fee of £5,750 for holding a committee chairman position during the year.

IPO stock options to executive directors

The following Stock Options were issued to Executive Directors during 2006:

Name |  | N° of underlying common shares |  | Exercise price (£) |  | Earliest exercise date |  | Expiry date
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gerald O'Shaughnessy |  |  | 153,345 |  |  | 3.20 |  | 15 May 2008 |  | 15 May 2013
|  |  | 306,690 |  |  | 4.00 |  | 15 May 2008 |  | 15 May 2013
|  |  | 153,345 |  |  | 3.20 |  | 15 May 2008 |  | 15 May 2013
James F. Park |  |  | 306,690 |  |  | 4.00 |  | 15 May 2008 |  | 15 May 2013

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Stock awards to executive directors

The following Stock Options were issued to Executive Directors during 2012:

Name |  | N° of underlying common shares |  | % of issued common share capital |  | Grant date |  | Exercise price (US$) |  | Earliest exercise date |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gerald O'Shaughnessy |  |  | 270,000 |  | Approximately 0.6% |  |  | 23 Nov 2012 |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 23 Nov 2015 |
James F. Park |  |  | 450,000 |  | Approximately 1.0% |  |  | 23 Nov 2012 |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 23 Nov 2015 |

In addition, Dr Carlos Gulisano holds the following interests in stock options and awards as a result of the services that he has previously provided to the Company:

•
  50,000 IPO Stock Options issued on 15 May 2008 at an exercise price of £4.00 to be exercised between 15 May 2008 and 15 May 2013.
•
  100,000 Stock awards issued on 15 December 2008 at an exercise price of $0.001 to be exercised between 15 December 2012 and 15 December 2018.

No stock options or awards were exercised by Directors during 2012.

Note 11 Exploration costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Staff costs (Note 10) |  |  | 3,089 |  |  | 2,292 |
Allocation to capitalised project |  |  | (1,849 | ) |  | (1,471 | )
Share-based payments (Notes 10 and 30) |  |  | 1,329 |  |  | 985 |
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts(a) |  |  | 25,552 |  |  | 5,919 |
Impairment loss(b) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,344 |
Amortisation of other long-term liabilities related to unsuccessful efforts |  |  | (1,500 | ) |  | (600 | )
Other services |  |  | 1,269 |  |  | 1,597 |
|  |  | 27,890 |  |  | 10,066 |

(a) The 2012 charge corresponds to the cost of eight unsuccessful exploratory wells: five of them in Chile (two in Fell Block, two in Otway Block and the remaining in Tranquilo Block) and three of them in Colombia (one well in Cuerva Block, one well in Arrendajo Block and the remaining in Llanos 17 Block). The 2012 charge also includes the loss generated by the relinquishment of an area in the Del Mosquito Block in Argentina. The 2011 charge corresponds to the write-off of exploration and evaluation assets in the Fell Block. The charge includes the cost of an unsuccessful exploratory well amounting to US$ 2,331,000 and also in accordance with the Group's accounting policy and considering that no additional work would be performed, wells from previous years were written-off for an amount of US$ 3,588,000.

(b) The impairment charge relates to assets located in Del Mosquito Block based on the impairment test performed in 2011.

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Note 12 Administrative costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Staff costs (Note 10) |  |  | 7,295 |  |  | 5,282 |
Share-based payments (Notes 10 and 30) |  |  | 2,280 |  |  | 2,866 |
Consultant fees |  |  | 5,122 |  |  | 1,896 |
New projects |  |  | 2,927 |  |  | 1,726 |
Office expenses |  |  | 3,293 |  |  | 1,172 |
Director fees and allowance |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 903 |
Travel expenses |  |  | 1,563 |  |  | 686 |
Communication and IT costs |  |  | 889 |  |  | 539 |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,010 |  |  | 501 |
Public relations |  |  | 919 |  |  | 1,289 |
Other administrative expenses |  |  | 1,984 |  |  | 1,309 |
|  |  | 28,798 |  |  | 18,169 |

Note 13 Selling expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Transportation |  |  | 22,066 |  |  | 1,886 |
Delivery or pay penalty |  |  | 1,718 |  |  | — |
Storage |  |  | 645 |  |  | 508 |
Selling taxes |  |  | 202 |  |  | 152 |
|  |  | 24,631 |  |  | 2,546 |

Note 14 Financial income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Exchange difference |  |  | 348 |  |  | 32 |
Interest received |  |  | 544 |  |  | 130 |
|  |  | 892 |  |  | 162 |

Note 15 Financial expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Bank charges and other financial costs |  |  | 1,764 |  |  | 1,856 |
Exchange difference |  |  | 2,429 |  |  | 496 |
Unwinding of long-term liabilities |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 350 |
Interest and amortisation of debt issue costs |  |  | 13,114 |  |  | 11,573 |
Less: amounts capitalised on qualifying assets |  |  | (1,369 | ) |  | (597 | )
|  |  | 17,200 |  |  | 13,678 |

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Note 16 Income tax

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Current tax |  |  | 7,536 |  |  | 187 |
Deferred income tax (Note 17) |  |  | 6,858 |  |  | 7,019 |
|  |  | 14,394 |  |  | 7,206 |

The tax on the Group's profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Profit before tax |  |  | 32,840 |  |  | 12,268 |
Tax losses from non-taxable jurisdictions |  |  | 8,373 |  |  | 8,565 |
Taxable profit |  |  | 41,213 |  |  | 20,833 |
Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate |  |  | 6,290 |  |  | 5,473 |
Tax losses where no deferred income tax is recognised |  |  | 2,864 |  |  | 2,560 |
Difference between functional currency and tax currency |  |  | 3,784 |  |  | (761 | )
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes |  |  | 1,903 |  |  | — |
Non-taxable profit |  |  | (447 | ) |  | (66 | )
Income tax |  |  | 14,394 |  |  | 7,206 |

Under current Bermuda law, the Company is not required to pay any taxes in Bermuda on income or capital gains. The Company has received an undertaking from the Minister of Finance in Bermuda that, in the event of any taxes being imposed, they will be exempt from taxation in Bermuda until March 2016. Income tax rates in those countries where the Group operates (Argentina, Colombia and Chile) ranges from 15% to 35%.

The Group has significant tax losses available which can be utilised against future taxable profit in the following countries:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Argentina |  |  | 11,645 |  |  | 18,656 |
Total tax losses at 31 December |  |  | 11,645 |  |  | 18,656 |

At the balance sheet date deferred tax assets in respect of tax losses in Argentina have not been recognised as there is insufficient evidence of future taxable profits before the statute of limitation of these tax losses causes them to expire.

Expiring dates for tax losses accumulated at 31 December 2012 are:

Expiring date |  | Amounts in US$ '000 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
2013 |  |  | 3,348 |
2014 |  |  | 634 |
2015 |  |  | 5,024 |
2016 |  |  | 2,639 |
2017 |  |  | — |

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Note 17 Deferred income tax

The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax at 1 January |  |  | (12,659 | ) |  | (5,640 | )
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 15,606 |  |  | — |
Income statement charge |  |  | (6,858 | ) |  | (7,019 | )
Deferred tax at 31 December |  |  | (3,911 | ) |  | (12,659 | )

The breakdown and movement of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of 31 December 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At the beginning of year |  | Acquisition of subsidiaries |  | (Charged)/ credited to net profit |  | At end of year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Difference in depreciation rates and other |  |  | (1,426 | ) |  | 11,313 |  |  | (676 | ) |  | 9,211 |
Taxable losses(*) |  |  | 1,876 |  |  | 4,293 |  |  | (1,789 | ) |  | 4,380 |
Total 2012 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 15,606 |  |  | (2,465 | ) |  | 13,591 |
Total 2011 |  |  | 374 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | 450 |

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At the beginning of year |  | (Charged) / credited to net profit |  | At end of year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Difference in depreciation rates and other |  |  | (12,338 | ) |  | (4,564 | ) |  | (16,902 | )
Borrowings |  |  | (771 | ) |  | 171 |  |  | (600 | )
Total 2012 |  |  | (13,109 | ) |  | (4,393 | ) |  | (17,502 | )
Total 2011 |  |  | (6,014 | ) |  | (7,095 | ) |  | (13,109 | )

(*) In Chile, taxable losses have no expiration date.

Note 18 Earnings per share

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the year |  |  | 11,879 |  |  | 54 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average number of shares used in basic EPS |  |  | 42,673,981 |  |  | 41,912,685 |
Earnings after tax per share (US$)—basic and diluted |  |  | 0.28 |  |  | 0.00 |

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Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Weighted average number of shares used in basic EPS |  |  | 42,673,981 |  |  | 41,912,685 |
Effect of dilutive potential common shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock award at US$0.001 |  |  | 1,435,324 |  |  | 2,004,482 |
Weighted average number of common shares for the purposes of diluted earnings per shares |  |  | 44,109,305 |  |  | 43,917,167 |
Earnings after tax per share (US$)—diluted |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | 0.00 |

Note 19 Property, plant and equipment

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Oil & gas properties |  | Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  | Production facilities and machinery |  | Buildings and improvements |  | Construction in progress |  | Exploration and evaluation assets(1) |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cost at 1 January 2011 |  |  | 126,626 |  |  | 1,445 |  |  | 38,142 |  |  | 2,076 |  |  | 16,197 |  |  | 23,412 |  |  | 207,898 |
Additions |  |  | 2,318 |  |  | 825 |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 56,570 |  |  | 39,469 |  |  | 100,599 |
Disposals |  |  | (227 | ) |  | (177 | ) |  | (1,852 | ) |  | — |  |  | (272 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,528 | )
Write-off / Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,263 | ) |  | (7,263 | )
Transfers |  |  | 43,239 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 9,551 |  |  | 205 |  |  | (39,599 | ) |  | (13,478 | ) |  | — |
Cost at 31 December 2011 |  |  | 171,956 |  |  | 2,175 |  |  | 47,102 |  |  | 2,437 |  |  | 32,896 |  |  | 42,140 |  |  | 298,706 |
Additions |  |  | 4,071 |  |  | 637 |  |  | 32,335 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,241 |  |  | 83,360 |  |  | 201,644 |
Disposals |  |  | (416 | ) |  | — |  |  | (130 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (546 | )
Write-off / Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25,552 | ) |  | (25,552 | )
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 62,449 |  |  | 389 |  |  | 10,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,452 |  |  | 27,818 |  |  | 110,973 |
Transfers |  |  | 106,311 |  |  | 375 |  |  | (3,223 | ) |  | 761 |  |  | (69,564 | ) |  | (34,660 | ) |  | — |
Cost at 31 December 2012 |  |  | 344,371 |  |  | 3,576 |  |  | 86,949 |  |  | 3,198 |  |  | 54,025 |  |  | 93,106 |  |  | 585,225 |
Depreciation and write-down at 1 January 2011 |  |  | (33,508 | ) |  | (851 | ) |  | (13,308 | ) |  | (514 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48,181 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (20,096 | ) |  | (343 | ) |  | (5,767 | ) |  | (202 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26,408 | )
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |  |  | 447 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 518 |
Depreciation and write-down at 31 December 2011 |  |  | (53,604 | ) |  | (1,123 | ) |  | (18,628 | ) |  | (716 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (74,071 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (44,552 | ) |  | (713 | ) |  | (7,708 | ) |  | (344 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (53,317 | )
Depreciation and write-down at 31 December 2012 |  |  | (98,156 | ) |  | (1,836 | ) |  | (26,336 | ) |  | (1,060 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (127,388 | )
Carrying amount at 31 December 2011 |  |  | 118,352 |  |  | 1,052 |  |  | 28,474 |  |  | 1,721 |  |  | 32,896 |  |  | 42,140 |  |  | 224,635 |
Carrying amount at 31 December 2012 |  |  | 246,215 |  |  | 1,740 |  |  | 60,613 |  |  | 2,138 |  |  | 54,025 |  |  | 93,106 |  |  | 457,837 |

(1)
  Exploration wells movement and balances are as follow:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Exploration wells at 31 December 2010 |  |  | 5,787 |
Additions |  |  | 35,400 |
Write-offs |  |  | (5,919 | )
Transfers |  |  | (13,027 | )
Exploration wells at 31 December 2011 |  |  | 22,241 |
Additions |  |  | 47,891 |
Write-offs |  |  | (21,339 | )
Transfers |  |  | (23,496 | )
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 1,868 |
Exploration wells at 31 December 2012 |  |  | 27,165 |

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As of 31 December 2012 and 2011 there were no exploratory wells costs that have been capitalized for a period of greater than one year after the completion of drilling.

As of 31 December 2012, the Group has pledged, as security for a mortgage obtained for the acquisition of the operating base in Chile, assets amounting to US$ 692,000 (US$ 638,000 in 2011). See Note 26.

On 25 August 2011 the exploratory period in the Fell Block ended. The exploration programme carried out during the exploration period enabled the Company to declare commerciality on approximately 84% of the total area of the Block. The remaining area not declared as commercial was relinquished, which did not generate any loss for the Group.

Note 20 Subsidiary undertakings

The following chart illustrates the Group structure as of 31 December 2012:

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Details of the subsidiaries and jointly controlled assets of the Company are set out below:

|  | Name and registered office |  | Ownership interest
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Subsidiaries |  | GeoPark Argentina Ltd.—Bermuda |  | 100%
|  | GeoPark Argentina Ltd.—Argentine Branch |  | 100%(a)
|  | Servicios Southern Cross Limitada (Chile) |  | 100%(b)
|  | GeoPark Latin America |  | 100%(i)
|  | GeoPark Latin America—Chilean Branch |  | 100%(a)(i)
|  | GeoPark S.A. (Chile) |  | 100%(a)(b)
|  | GeoPark Chile S.A. (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(c)
|  | GeoPark Fell S.p.A. (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(c)
|  | GeoPark Magallanes Limitada (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(c)
|  | GeoPark TdF S.A. (Chile) |  | 69%(a)(d)
|  | GeoPark Colombia S.A. (Chile) |  | 80%(a)(e)
|  | GeoPark Luna SAS (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | GeoPark Colombia SAS (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | GeoPark Llanos SAS (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | La Luna Oil Co. Ltd. (Panama) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | Winchester Oil and Gas S.A. (Panama) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | GeoPark Cuerva LLC (United States) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | Sucursal La Luna Oil Co. Ltd. (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | Sucursal Winchester Oil and Gas S.A. (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | Sucursal GeoPark Cuerva LLC (Colombia) |  | 100%(a)(e)
|  | GeoPark Brazil S.p.A. (Chile) |  | 100%(a)(b)
|  | Raven Pipeline Company LLC (United States) |  | 23.5%(h)
Jointly controlled assets |  | Tranquilo Block (Chile) |  | 29%(f)
|  | Otway Block (Chile) |  | 25%
|  | Flamenco (Chile) |  | 50%(g)
|  | Isla Norte (Chile) |  | 60%(g)
|  | Campanario (Chile) |  | 50%(g)

(a) Indirectly owned.

(b) Dormant companies.

(c) Since 20 May 2011, LG International acquired 20% interest.

(d) LG International has 20% interest through GeoPark Chile S.A. and a 14% direct interest.

(e) During the first quarter of 2012, the Company entered into a business combination acquiring 100% interest in each entity. In December 2012 LG International acquired 20% equity.

(f) On 14 April 2011 following Governmental approval the new ownership of the Tranquilo Block was confirmed. The other partners in the JVs are Pluspetrol (29%), Methanex (17%) and Wintershall (25%).

(g) After participating in a farm-in process organized by ENAP, GeoPark was awarded 3 blocks in Tierra del Fuego, Chile (Isla Norte Block, Flamenco Block and Campanario Block). GeoPark will be the operator in all blocks with a share of 60% for Isla Norte Block and 50% for the other 2 blocks.

(h) Raven Pipeline Company LLC had no movements during 2012.

(i) Formerly named GeoPark Chile Limited.

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Note 21 Prepaid taxes

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
V.A.T. |  |  | 5,962 |  |  | 2,669 |
Withholding tax |  |  | 3,347 |  |  | — |
Income tax credits |  |  | 4,692 |  |  | — |
Other prepaid taxes |  |  | 149 |  |  | 435 |
Total prepaid taxes |  |  | 14,150 |  |  | 3,104 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 3,443 |  |  | 147 |
Non current |  |  | 10,707 |  |  | 2,957 |
Total prepaid taxes |  |  | 14,150 |  |  | 3,104 |

Note 22 Inventories

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Crude oil |  |  | 3,838 |  |  | 499 |
Materials and spares |  |  | 117 |  |  | 85 |
|  |  | 3,955 |  |  | 584 |

Note 23 Trade receivables and Prepayments and other receivables

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Trade accounts receivable |  |  | 32,271 |  |  | 15,929 |
|  |  | 32,271 |  |  | 15,929 |
To be recovered from co-venturers |  |  | 8,773 |  |  | 537 |
Related parties receivables (Note 33) |  |  | 31,138 |  |  | 6,000 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 10,219 |  |  | 19,154 |
|  |  | 50,130 |  |  | 25,691 |
Total |  |  | 82,401 |  |  | 41,620 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 81,891 |  |  | 40,913 |
Non current |  |  | 510 |  |  | 707 |
Total |  |  | 82,401 |  |  | 41,620 |

Trade receivables that are aged by less than three months are not considered impaired. As of 31 December 2012, trade receivables of US$ 31,984 (US$ 4,019 in 2011) were aged by more than 3 months, but not impaired. These relate to customers for whom there is no recent history of default. There are no balances due between 31 days and 90 days as of 31 December 2012 and 2011.

Movements on the Group provision for impairment are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At 1 January |  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |
Provision for receivables impairment |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  |  | 33 |  |  | 33 |

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The credit period for trade receivables is 30 days. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable. The Group does not hold any collateral as security related to trade receivables.

The carrying value of trade receivables is considered to represent a reasonable approximation of its fair value due to their short-term nature.

Note 24 Financial instruments by category

|  | Loans and receivables |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Assets as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade receivables |  |  | 32,271 |  |  | 15,929 |
To be recovered from co-venturers |  |  | 8,773 |  |  | 537 |
Other financial assets(*) |  |  | 7,791 |  |  | 8,226 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 48,292 |  |  | 193,650 |
|  |  | 97,127 |  |  | 218,342 |

|  | Other financial liabilities at amortised cost |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Liabilities as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  |  | 50,590 |  |  | 27,580 |
To be paid to co-venturers |  |  | 2,007 |  |  | — |
Borrowings |  |  | 193,032 |  |  | 165,256 |
|  |  | 245,629 |  |  | 192,836 |

(*) Other financial assets relate to the cash collateral account required under the terms of the Bond issued in 2010. This investment was intended to guarantee interest payments and was recovered at repayment date (see Note 37). For 2012, they also include contributions made for environmental obligations according to Colombian government regulations. In 2011, they included the cash escrow payment that has since been released on closing of the purchase of the Colombian assets (Note 35).

Credit quality of financial assets

The credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Trade receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Counterparties with an external credit rating (Moody's) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
A3 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,333 |
Ba1 |  |  | 4,769 |  |  | 4,089 |
Baa1 |  |  | 13,488 |  |  | — |
Baa2 |  |  | 4,781 |  |  | — |
Counterparties without an external credit rating |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Group1(*) |  |  | 9,233 |  |  | 507 |
Total trade receivables |  |  | 32,271 |  |  | 15,929 |

(*) Group 1—existing customers (more than 6 months) with no defaults in the past.

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All trade receivables are denominated in US Dollars.

Cash at bank and other financial assets(1) |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
Counterparties with an external credit rating (Moody's) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
A1 |  |  | 7,408 |  |  | 2,139 |
A3 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 7,631 |
Aa1 |  |  | 2,131 |  |  | 50,000 |
Aa2 |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |
Aa3 |  |  | 38,952 |  |  | 139,594 |
P1 |  |  | 2,537 |  |  | 2,450 |
Counterparties without an external credit rating |  |  | 4,665 |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 56,059 |  |  | 201,868 |

(1) The rest of the balance sheet item 'cash and cash equivalents' is cash on hand amounting to US$ 24,000 (US$ 8,000 in 2011).

Financial liabilities—contractual undiscounted cash flows

The table below analyses the Group's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Less than 1 year |  | Between 1 and 2 years |  | Between 2 and 5 years |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At 31 December 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 36,031 |  |  | 10,437 |  |  | 181,100 |
Trade payables |  |  | 50,590 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  |  | 86,621 |  |  | 10,437 |  |  | 181,100 |
At 31 December 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 30,613 |  |  | 8,265 |  |  | 179,489 |
Trade payables |  |  | 27,580 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  |  | 58,193 |  |  | 8,265 |  |  | 179,489 |

Note 25 Share capital

Issued share capital |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Common stock (amounts in US$ '000) |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |
The share capital is distributed as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares, of nominal US$0.001 |  |  | 43,495,585 |  |  | 42,474,274 |
Total common shares in issue |  |  | 43,495,585 |  |  | 42,474,274 |
Authorised share capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US$ per share |  |  | 0.001 |  |  | 0.001 |
Number of common shares (US$0.001 each) |  |  | 5,171,969,000 |  |  | 5,171,969,000 |
Amount in US$ |  |  | 5,171,969 |  |  | 5,171,969 |

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Details regarding the share capital of the Company are set out below:

Common shares

As of 31 December 2012 the outstanding common shares confer the following rights on the holder:

•
  the right to one vote per share;
•
  ranking pari passu, the right to any dividend declared and payable on common shares;

GeoPark common shares history |  | Date |  | Shares issued (millions) |  | Shares closing (millions) |  | US$(`000) Closing |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Shares outstanding at the end of 2010 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41.7 |  |  | 42 |
Issue of shares to Non-Executive Directors |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 41.7 |  |  | 42 |
Stock awards |  |  | May 2011 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 41.8 |  |  | 42 |
Stock awards |  |  | Oct 2011 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 41.9 |  |  | 42 |
IPO stock options |  |  | Oct 2011 |  |  | 0.60 |  |  | 42.5 |  |  | 43 |
Shares outstanding at the end of 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42.5 |  |  | 43 |
Issue of shares to Non-Executive Directors |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 42.5 |  |  | 43 |
Stock awards |  |  | Oct 2012 |  |  | 1.01 |  |  | 43.5 |  |  | 43 |
Shares outstanding at the end of 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 43.5 |  |  | 43 |

During 2012, the Company issued 15,100 (12,028 in 2011) shares to Non-Executive Directors in accordance with contracts as compensation. Shares are issued at average price for the period, generating a share premium of US$ 142,492 (US$ 130,733 in 2011).

During 2012, 30,000 (158,000 in 2011) new common shares were issued, pursuant to a consulting agreement for services rendered to GeoPark Holdings Limited generating a share premium of US$ 253,315 (US$ 1,730,000 in 2011).

On 22 October 2012, 976,211 common shares were allotted to the trustee of the EBT in anticipation of the exercise of the 2008 Stock Awards Plan (see Note 30), generating a share premium of US$ 4,191,000. On 6 October 2011, 601,235 common shares were allotted to the trustee of the EBT in anticipation of the exercise of the 2006 Stock Option Plan (see Note 30).

The accounting treatment of the shares is in line with the Group's policy on share-based payments.

Other Reserve

During 2011, LGI acquired a 20% interest in GeoPark Chile S.A., the subsidiary that owns the Chilean assets for a total consideration of US$ 148,000,000.

During 2012, LGI also acquired a 20% interest in GeoPark Colombia S.A., the subsidiary that owns the Colombian assets by making a capital contribution in GeoPark Colombia S.A. for an amount of US$ 14,920,000. In addition, as part of the transaction, US$ 5,000,000 was transferred directly to the Colombian subsidiary as a loan. The differences between total consideration and the net equity of the Companies as per the book value were recorded as Other Reserve in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.

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Note 26 Borrowings

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Outstanding amounts as of 31 December |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Methanex Corporation(a) |  |  | 8,036 |  |  | 18,068 |
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones(b) |  |  | 7,859 |  |  | 8,845 |
Overdrafts(c) |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,028 |
Banco Itaú(d) |  |  | 37,685 |  |  | — |
Bond(e) |  |  | 129,452 |  |  | 128,315 |
|  |  | 193,032 |  |  | 165,256 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non current |  |  | 165,046 |  |  | 134,643 |
Current |  |  | 27,986 |  |  | 30,613 |

The fair value of these financial instruments at 31 December 2012 amounts to US$ 190,188,000 (US$ 159,602,000 in 2011).

(a) The financing obtained in 2007, for development and investing activities on the Fell Block, is structured as a gas pre-sale agreement with a six year pay-back period and an interest rate of LIBOR. In each year, the Group will repay principal up to an amount equal to the loan amount multiplied by a specified percentage. Subject to that annual maximum principal repayment amount, the Group will repay principal and interest in an amount equal to the amount of gas specified in the contract at the effective selling price.

In addition on 30 October 2009 another financing agreement was signed with Methanex Corporation under which Methanex have funded GeoPark's portions of cash calls for the Otway Joint Operation for US$ 3,100,000. On May 2012 the outstanding amount was fully repaid.

(b) Facility to establish the operational base in the Fell Block. This facility was acquired through a mortgage loan granted by the Banco de Crédito e Inversiones (BCI), a Chilean private bank (Note 20) in 2007. The loan was granted in Chilean pesos and is repayable over a period of 8 years. The interest rate applicable to this loan is 6.6%. The outstanding amount at 31 December 2012 is US$ 344,000 (US$ 410,000 in 2011).

In addition, during the last quarter of 2011, GeoPark TdF obtained short-term financing from BCI to start the operations in the new blocks acquired. This financing is structured as letter of credit with a maturity less than a year. The outstanding amount at 31 December 2012 is US$ 7,515,000 (US$ 8,435,000 in 2011).

(c) The Group has been granted with credit lines for over US$ 46,000,000.

(d) In 2012 GeoPark Holdings Limited executed a loan agreement with Banco Itaú BBA S.A., Nassau Branch for US$ 37,500,000. GeoPark used the proceeds to finance the acquisition and development of the La Cuerva and Llanos 62 blocks. These blocks represent two of the ten production, development and exploration blocks, which GeoPark currently owns in Colombia (see Note 35). The loan, which has a maturity of five years, repayable from month 21 in 14 equal quarterly installments, is ring-fenced by and secured against 100% of the capital of GeoPark Llanos SAS, the owner of the La Cuerva and Llanos 62 blocks. Interest on the loan is accrued at LIBOR + 4.55%.

(e) Private placement of US$ 133,000,000 of Reg S Notes on 2 December 2010. The Notes carry a coupon of 7.75% per annum and mature on 15 December 2015. The Notes are guaranteed by the Company and secured with the pledge of 51% of the shares of GeoPark Fell. In addition, the Note agreement allows for the placement of up to an additional US$ 27,000,000 of Notes under the same indenture, subject to the maintenance of certain financial ratios. The net proceeds of the Notes are being used to support the Group's growth strategy and improve the Group's financial flexibility. See Note 37 for additional information.

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Note 27 Provisions and other long-term liabilities

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Asset retirement obligation |  | Deferred income |  | Other |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At 1 January 2011 |  |  | 3,153 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,153 |
Addition to provision / Contributions received |  |  | 1,947 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,947 |
Amortisation |  |  | — |  |  | (1,038 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,038 | )
Unwinding of discount |  |  | 350 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 350 |
At 31 December 2011 |  |  | 5,450 |  |  | 3,962 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,412 |
Addition to provision / Contributions received |  |  | 3,440 |  |  | 5,550 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 9,090 |
Acquisition of subsidiaries |  |  | 6,061 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,309 |  |  | 8,370 |
Amortisation |  |  | — |  |  | (2,143 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,143 | )
Unwinding of discount |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,262 |
At 31 December 2012 |  |  | 16,213 |  |  | 7,369 |  |  | 2,409 |  |  | 25,991 |

The provision for asset retirement obligation relates to the estimation of future disbursements related to the abandonment and decommissioning of oil and gas wells.

Deferred income and other mainly relates to contributions received to improve the project economics of the gas wells. The amortisation is in line with the related asset.

Note 28 Trade and other payable

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
V.A.T |  |  | 4,300 |  |  | 955 |
Trade payables |  |  | 50,590 |  |  | 27,580 |
|  |  | 54,890 |  |  | 28,535 |

The average credit period (expressed as creditor days) during the year ended 31 December 2012 was 69 days (2011: 74 days)

The fair value of these short-term financial instruments is not individually determined as the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

Note 29 Provisions for other liabilities

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Staff costs to be paid |  |  | 5,867 |  |  | 3,859 |
Royalties to be paid |  |  | 3,909 |  |  | 458 |
Other taxes to be paid |  |  | 5,418 |  |  | 155 |
To be paid to co-venturers |  |  | 2,007 |  |  | — |
Other |  |  | — |  |  | 646 |
|  |  | 17,201 |  |  | 5,118 |

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Note 30 Share-based payments

IPO award programme and executive stock option plan

The Group has established IPO Award Programme, an Executive Stock Option Programme and Stock Award Programmes plans. These schemes were established to incentivise the Directors, senior management and employees, enabling them to benefit from the increased market capitalization of the Company.

IPO award programme

A total of 613,380 IPO Awards were granted to all of the Group's employees and certain consultants at the IPO date (May 2006). The Awards vested on 15 May 2008, the second anniversary of admission to IPO. On 3 July 2008, the Company issued 602,000 shares for nominal value of $ 0,001 each, corresponding to the total IPO awards vested which are held in a Beneficiary Trust. There are 11,380 awards that did not vest and were cancelled since they involved employees that had left the Group before the vesting date.

IPO executive stock option programme

On admission to AIM the Company granted:

i. 605,000 stock options to the senior management and some eligible employees, from which 60,000 have expired. The exercise price of these stock options is £ 4.00 (125%% of placing price). The vesting date of these stock options was 15 May 2008 and they expire in five years from that date, on 15 May 2013. The stock options give no voting rights to the holders until they are exercised and converted into common shares when they will rank pari-passu with all existing common shares.

ii. 306,690 stock options to the Executive Directors at an exercise price of £ 3.20 and 613,380 at an exercise price of £ 4.00. The vesting conditions of these options are equal to those described in i).

The fair value of the options granted was calculated using the Black-Scholes model. Due to the short trading history of the Company, expected volatility was determined by comparison to a sample of AIM listed oil and gas companies with a similar market capitalisation to the Group but a longer trading history.

Stock award programmes and other share based payments

During 2008, GeoPark Shareholders voted to authorize the Board to use up to 12% of the issued share capital of the Company at the relevant time for the purposes of the Performance-based Employee Long-Term Incentive Plan.

Main characteristics of the Stock Awards Programmes are:

•
  All employees are eligible.
•
  Exercise price is equal to the nominal value of shares.
•
  Vesting period is four years.
•
  Specific Award amounts are reviewed and approved by the Executive Directors and the Remuneration Committee of the Board of Directors.

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Details of these costs and the characteristics of the different stock awards programmes and other share based payments are described in the following table and explanations:

|  | Awards at the beginning |  | Awards granted in the year |  |  |  |  |  | Awards at year end |  | Charged to net profit |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Awards forfeited |  | Awards exercised |
Year |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
2012 |  |  | — |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |
2011 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 37 |
2010 |  |  | 863,100 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 852,100 |  |  | 2,929 |  |  | 2,776 |
2008 |  |  | 976,211 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 976,211 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,087 |  |  | 925 |
Subtotal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,997 |  |  | 3,738 |
Stock awards for service contracts |  |  | 90,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,429 |
Stock options to Executive Directors |  |  | — |  |  | 720,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 720,000 |  |  | 257 |  |  | — |
Shares granted to Non-Executive Directors |  |  | — |  |  | 3,020 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,020 |  |  | — |  |  | 142 |  |  | 131 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,396 |  |  | 5,298 |

The awards that are forfeited correspond to employees that had left the Group before vesting date.

In addition, a simplified procedure for the exercise of the Options was approved by the Board. It is a payment mechanism available to option holders that enables a cash-free exercise of their Options. The mechanism allows participating option holders to exercise their options utilizing fully issued shares made available by the EBT (Employee Beneficiary Trust) according to a formula (the "Stock Option cash-free payment option"). This allows participating option holders to exercise options to buy shares for the same number of shares they would have obtained with borrowed cash and then sell sufficient shares to repay the borrowed sums.

On 6 October 2011, 601,235 common shares each credited as fully paid, were allotted to the trustee of the EBT in anticipation of the exercise of the Options. This number of shares issued was estimated assuming that all beneficiaries will adopt the cash-less exercise mechanism at market price £ 6.5.

On 22 October 2012, a total of 976,211 common shares were allotted to the trustee of the EBT in anticipation of the exercise of the 2008 Stock Awards Plan generating a shared premium of US$ 4,191,000.

During 2012, 21,000 (15,000 in 2011) of these shares were sold by the employees at a weighted average price of £6.61 (£7.45 in 2011) per share. The shares held in the employee Beneficiary Trust rank pari-passu with GeoPark's ordinary shares.

On 23 November 2012, the Remuneration Committee and the board of directors approved granting 720,000 options over ordinary shares of US$0.001 each to the Executive Directors. Options granted vest on the third anniversary of the date on which they are granted and have an exercise price of US$0.001.

Other share-based payments

As it is mentioned in Note 25, the Company granted 15,100 (12,028 in 2011) shares at average price for each three month period for services rendered by the Non-Executive Directors of the Company. Fees paid in shares were directly expensed in the Administrative costs line in the amount of US$ 142,492 (US$ 130,745 in 2011).

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In October 2010 and August 2011 the company issued a total of 180,000 options over US$0.001 shares with an exercise price equal to their nominal value in consideration for certain consultancy services.

Note 31 Interests in Joint operations

The Group has interests in nine joint operations, which are involved in the exploration of hydrocarbons in Chile and Colombia. Three of the Chilean joint operations are related to the blocks acquired in Tierra del Fuego (TdF), Chile. No significant activities have commenced in these joint operations in 2012 and therefore no separate financial information is presented.

GeoPark is the operator of all of the Chilean Blocks.

The following amounts represent the Company's share in the assets, liabilities and results of the joint operations which have been consolidated line by line in the consolidated statement of financial position and statement of income:

Chile

|  | Tranquilo Block GeoPark Magallanes Ltda. 29% |  | Otway Block GeoPark Magallanes Ltda. 25% |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Joint operation Subsidiary Interest |
| 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PP&E / E&E |  |  | 13,328 |  |  | 8,438 |  |  | 6,516 |  |  | 2,561 |
Other assets |  |  | 1,467 |  |  | 2,458 |  |  | 1,326 |  |  | 262 |
Total Assets |  |  | 14,795 |  |  | 10,896 |  |  | 7,842 |  |  | 2,823 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  | (3,252 | ) |  | (1,048 | ) |  | (2,412 | ) |  | (332 | )
Total Liabilities |  |  | (3,252 | ) |  | (1,048 | ) |  | (2,412 | ) |  | (332 | )
NET ASSETS / (LIABILITIES) |  |  | 11,543 |  |  | 9,848 |  |  | 5,430 |  |  | 2,491 |
Sales |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  |  | (544 | ) |  | (569 | ) |  | (386 | ) |  | (232 | )

Colombia

|  |  |  | Yamu/Carupana Block GeoPark Colombia and Luna SAS 75%/54.50% |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Llanos 17 Block GeoPark Luna SAS 36.84% |  | Llanos 34 Block GeoPark Colombia SAS 45% |  | Llanos 32 Block GeoPark Luna SAS 10% |
Joint operation Subsidiary Interest |
| 2012 |  | 2012 |  | 2012 |  | 2012 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PP&E / E&E |  |  | 3,872 |  |  | 12,626 |  |  | 25,178 |  |  | 4,384 |
Other assets |  |  | 144 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 1,484 |
Total Assets |  |  | 4,016 |  |  | 12,652 |  |  | 25,250 |  |  | 5,868 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  | (224 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,509 | )
Total Liabilities |  |  | (224 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,509 | )
NET ASSETS / (LIABILITIES) |  |  | 3,792 |  |  | 12,652 |  |  | 25,250 |  |  | 4,359 |
Sales |  |  | 144 |  |  | 23,283 |  |  | 10,362 |  |  | 2,900 |
Net profit / (loss) |  |  | 144 |  |  | 4,034 |  |  | 3,767 |  |  | 1,207 |

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Capital commitments are disclosed in Note 32 (b).

Note 32 Commitments

(a) Royalty commitments

In Argentina, crude oil production accrues royalties payable to the Provinces of Santa Cruz and Mendoza equivalent to 12% on estimated value at well head of those products. This value is equivalent to final sales price less transport, storage and treatment costs.

In Argentina crude oil sales accrue private royalties payable to EPP Petróleo S.A. (2.5% on invoiced amount of crude oil obtained from wells at "Del Mosquito", Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina) and to Occidental Petroleum Argentina INC, formerly Vintage Argentina Ltd. (8% on invoiced amount of crude oil obtained from wells at "Loma Cortaderal" and "Cerro Doña Juana", Province of Mendoza, Argentina).

In Chile, royalties are payable to the Chilean Government, which is calculated at 5% of crude oil production and 3% of gas production.

In Colombia, royalties on production are payable to the Colombian Government and are determined at a rate of 8%. Additionally, under the terms of the Winchester Stock Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to make certain payments to the previous owners of Winchester based on the production and sale of hydrocarbons discovered by exploration wells drilled after October 25, 2011. These payments involve both an earnings based measure and an overriding royalty equal to an estimated 4% carried interest on the part of the vendor. As at the balance sheet date and based on preliminary internal estimates of additions of 2P reserves since acquisition, the Company's best estimate of the total commitment over the remaining life of the concession is a range of US$ 35 million—US$ 42 million (assuming a discount rate of 9.7% and oil price of US$ 94 per barrel).

(b) Capital commitments

Chile

The Tranquilo Block Consortium has committed to drill four exploratory wells, to perform 2D and 3D seismic in the period to January 2013. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 5,500,000 at GeoPark's working interest (29%), related to the first exploratory phase. In January 2013, the Energy Ministry were informed that, in accordance with the article 3.3 of the Special Operations Contract for the Exploration and Exploitation (CEOP) that after the termination of the first exploratory phase, and after fulfilling the commitment previously mentioned, it had been decided not to continue to the second exploratory period. GeoPark and its partners relinquished the Tranquilo Block, except for an area of 92,417 acres consisting of protected exploitation zones for the Cabo Negro, Marcou Sur, Maria Antonieta and Palos Quemados prospects.

The Otway Block Consortium has committed to drill two exploratory wells and to perform 3D seismic until May 2013. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 2,400,000 at GeoPark's working interest (25%).

After participating in a farm-in process organized by ENAP, GeoPark was awarded three blocks in Tierra del Fuego (Isla Norte block, Flamenco block and Campanario block).

On 6 November 2012, the Chilean Government signed the CEOPs related to Flamenco and Isla Norte blocks. Subsequently, on 9 January 2013, the Chilean Government also signed the CEOP for Campanario block.

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Future investment commitments assumed by GeoPark were:

•
  3 exploratory wells and 350 km2 of seismic surveys on Isla Norte Block (US$ 16,330,000)
•
  8 exploratory wells and 578 km2 of seismic surveys on Campanario Block (US$ 41,530,000)
•
  10 exploratory wells and 570 km2 of seismic surveys on Flamenco Block (US$ 43,570,000)

As part of the agreement, the investments made in the first exploratory period will be assumed 100% by GeoPark.

Colombia

The Yamu Block Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well during 2013.

The Llanos 34 Block Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well between 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 3,555,000 at GeoPark's working interest (45%). The Arrendajo Block (10% working interest) Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well during 2013.

The Llanos 32 Block Consortium has committed to drill two exploratory wells between 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 750,000 at GeoPark's working interest (10%).

The Llanos 17 Block Consortium has committed to drill either two exploratory wells or one exploratory well and perform 3D seismic between 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 2,450,000 at GeoPark's working interest (36.84%).

The Llanos 62 Block (100% working interest) has committed to drill two exploratory wells between 2013 and 2014. The remaining commitment amounts to US$ 3,000,000.

The Cuerva Block (100% working interest) has committed to drill two exploratory wells between 2013 and 2014. This represents an approximately amount of US$ 4,800,000.

(c) Operating lease commitments—group company as lessee

The Group leases various plant and machinery under non-cancellable operating lease agreements.

The Group also leases offices under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. The lease terms are between 2 and 3 years, and the majority of lease agreements are renewable at the end of the lease period at market rate.

During 2012 a total amount of US$ 4,531,000 (US$ 3,313,000 in 2011) was charged to the income statement and US$ 32,706,000 of operating leases were capitalised as Property, plant and equipment (US$ 28,132,000 in 2011).

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The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Operating lease commitments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Falling due within 1 year |  |  | 26,464 |  |  | 34,126 |
Falling due within 1–3 years |  |  | 3,709 |  |  | 24,797 |
Falling due within 3–5 years |  |  | 443 |  |  | 222 |
Falling due over 5 years |  |  | 895 |  |  | — |
Total minimum lease payments |  |  | 31,511 |  |  | 59,145 |

Note 33 Related parties

Controlling interest

The main shareholders of GeoPark Holdings Limited, a company registered in Bermuda, as of 31 December 2012, are:

a) 18.79% of share capital, by Gerald O'Shaughnessy (founder).

b) 16.05% of share capital, by Energy Holdings, LLC controlled by James F. Park (founder).

c) 11.44% of share capital, by Cartica Corporate Governance Fund, L.P.

d) 7.95% of share capital, by IFC (International Finance Corporation).

e) 4.99% of share capital, by Socoservin Overseas Ltd controlled by Juan Cristóbal Pavez (Non- Executive Director)

f) 5.21% of share capital, by MONEDA A.F.I.

g) 7.60% of share capital, by Pershing Keen, New Jersey (ND).

Balances outstanding and transactions with related parties

Account (Amounts in '000) |  | Transaction in the year |  | Balances at year end |  | Related Party |  | Relationship
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
To be recovered from co-ventures |  |  | — |  |  | 8,773 |  | Joint Operations |  | Joint Operations
Prepayment and other receivables |  |  | — |  |  | 31,138 |  | LGI |  | Partner
To be paid to co-venturers |  |  | — |  |  | (2,007 | ) | Joint Operations |  | Joint Operations
Exploration costs |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  | Carlos Gulisano |  | Non-Executive Director(*)
Administrative costs |  |  | 219 |  |  | — |  | Carlos Gulisano |  | Non-Executive Director(*)
2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
To be recovered from co-ventures |  |  | — |  |  | 537 |  | Joint Operations |  | Joint Operations
Prepayment and other receivables |  |  | — |  |  | 6,000 |  | LGI |  | Partner
Exploration costs |  |  | 138 |  |  | — |  | Carlos Gulisano |  | Non-Executive Director(*)

(*) Corresponding to consultancy services.

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There have been no other transactions with the Board of Directors, Executive Board, Executive officers, significant shareholders or other related parties during the year besides the intercompany transactions which have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements, and normal remuneration of Board of Directors and Executive Board.

Note 34 Fees paid to Auditors

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Fees payable to the Group's auditors for the audit of the consolidated financial statements |  |  | 346 |  |  | 120 |
Fees payable to the Group's auditors for the review of interim financial results |  |  | 52 |  |  | 32 |
Fees payable for the audit of the Group's subsidiaries pursuant to legislation |  |  | 298 |  |  | 113 |
Non-audit services |  |  | 713 |  |  | 239 |
Fees paid to auditors |  |  | 1,409 |  |  | 504 |

Non-audit services relates to tax services for US$ 121,000 (US$ 123,000 in 2011) and due diligence and other services for US$ 592,000 (US$ 116,000 in 2011).

Note 35 Business transactions

Acquisitions in Colombia

On 14 February 2012, GeoPark acquired two privately-held exploration and production companies operating in Colombia, Winchester Oil and Gas S.A. and La Luna Oil Company Limited S.A. ("Winchester Luna"). For accounting purposes, these acquisitions were computed as if they had occurred on 1 February 2012.

On 27 March 2012, a second acquisition occurred with the purchase of Hupecol Cuerva LLC ("Hupecol"), a privately-held company with two exploration and production blocks in Colombia. For accounting purposes, this acquisition was computed as if it had occurred on 1 April 2012.

The combined Hupecol and Winchester Luna purchases (acquired for a total consideration of US$ 105 million, adjusted for working capital) provide GeoPark with the following in Colombia:

•
  Interests in 10 blocks (ranging from 5% to 100%), with license operationship in four of them, located in the Llanos, Magdalena and Catatumbo Basins, covering an area of approximately 220,000 gross acres.
•
  Risk-balanced asset portfolio of existing reserves, low risk development potential and attractive exploration upside.
•
  Successful Colombian operating and administrative team to support a smooth transition and start-up in Colombia together with Associations and JVs with principal Colombian operators.

Under the terms of the sale and purchase agreement entered into in 2012 in respect of the acquisition of Winchester Luna, the Company has to make certain payments to the former owners arising from the production and sale of hydrocarbons discovered by exploration wells drilled after 25 October 2011 on the working interests of the companies at that date. These payments which involve both, an earnings based measure and an overriding revenue royalty, equate to an estimated 4% carried interest on the part of the vendor.

In Colombia, royalties on production are payable to the Colombian Government and are determined at a rate of 8%.

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In accordance with the acquisition method of accounting, the acquisition cost was allocated to the underlying assets acquired and liabilities assumed based primarily upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. An income approach (being the net present value of expected future cash flows) was adopted to determine the fair values of the mineral interest. Estimates of expected future cash flows reflect estimates of projected future revenues, production costs and capital expenditures based on our business model.

The following table summarises the combined consideration paid for Winchester Luna and Hupecol, the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed for these transactions:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Hupecol |  | Winchester Luna |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cash (including working capital adjustments) |  |  | 79,630 |  |  | 32,243 |  |  | 111,873 |
Total consideration |  |  | 79,630 |  |  | 32,243 |  |  | 111,873 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 976 |  |  | 5,594 |  |  | 6,570 |
Property, plant and equipment (including mineral interest) |  |  | 73,791 |  |  | 37,182 |  |  | 110,973 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 4,402 |  |  | 4,098 |  |  | 8,500 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 5,640 |  |  | 2,983 |  |  | 8,623 |
Deferred income tax assets |  |  | 10,344 |  |  | 5,262 |  |  | 15,606 |
Inventories |  |  | 10,596 |  |  | 1,612 |  |  | 12,208 |
Trade payables and other debt |  |  | (20,487 | ) |  | (11,981 | ) |  | (32,468 | )
Borrowings |  |  | — |  |  | (1,368 | ) |  | (1,368 | )
Provision for other long-term liabilities |  |  | (5,632 | ) |  | (2,738 | ) |  | (8,370 | )
Total identifiable net assets |  |  | 79,630 |  |  | 40,644 |  |  | 120,274 |
Bargain purchase gain on acquisition of subsidiaries(1) |  |  | — |  |  | 8,401 |  |  | 8,401 |

(1) the bargain purchase gain is related to the fact that the Company paid a full market price for the proved reserves but received a discount on the probable and possible reserves and resource base acquired due to the vendor's limited ability to fund the future development of these assets.

The purchase price allocation above mentioned is final.

Acquisition-related costs have been charged to administrative expenses in the consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2012.

In accordance with disclosure requirements for business combinations, the Company has calculated its net revenue and profit, considering as if the mentioned acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of the reporting period. The following table summarises both results:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Net revenue |  |  | 275,051 |
Profit for the year |  |  | 22,087 |

The revenue included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income since acquisition date contributed by the acquired companies was US$ 99,501,000. The acquired companies also contributed profit of US$ 1,152,000 over the same period.

LGI partnership

On 12 March 2010, LGI and the Company agreed to form a new strategic partnership to jointly acquire and develop upstream oil and gas projects in Latin America.

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During 2011, GeoPark and LGI entered into the following agreements through which LGI acquires an equity interest in the Chilean Business of the Group:

•
  On 20 May 2011, the Company (through its wholly owned subsidiaries GeoPark Latin America Chilean Branch and GeoPark Chile S.A.) and LGI signed a subscription agreement in which LGI subscribed 10 million of ordinary shares representing 10% equity interest in GeoPark Chile S.A, the Company owner of the Chilean assets, for a total consideration of US$ 70,000,000.
•
  On 4 October 2011, an addendum to the agreement dated 20 May 2011 was signed whereby 12.5 million of ordinary shares in GeoPark Chile S.A. were subscribed by LGI, for a consideration of US$ 78,000,000, representing an additional 10%.

The transactions mentioned above have been considered to be a deemed disposal and in accordance with IAS 27 it has been accounted for as a transaction with Non-controlling interest. Consequently, the gain of US$ 111,245,000 has been recognised through equity rather than in the income statement for the year. Under the terms of this agreement LGI also committed to provide additional equity funding of US$ 18 million to GeoPark Chile S.A. over the next three years, being LGI's share of GeoPark Chile S.A.'s commitments under the minimum work programme of the three Tierra del Fuego licences (see Note 32).

In December 2012, LGI has also joined GeoPark's operations in Colombia through the acquisition of a 20% interest in GeoPark Colombia S.A., a company that holds GeoPark's Colombian assets and which includes interests in 10 hydrocarbon blocks. A capital contribution in GeoPark Colombia S.A. for an amount of US$ 14,920,000 was made in 2013. In addition, as part of the transaction, US$ 5,000,000 was transferred directly to the Colombian subsidiary as a loan.

In addition, in March 2013 GeoPark and LGI announced their agreement to extend their strategic alliance to build a portfolio of upstream oil and gas assets throughout Latin America through 2015.

Note 36 Agreement with Methanex

In March 2012, the Company and Methanex signed a third addendum and amendment to the Gas Supply Agreement to incentivise the development of gas reserves. Through this new agreement, the Company completed the drilling of five new gas wells during 2012. Methanex contributed to the cost of drilling the wells in order to improve the project economics. As of 31 December, the Company has fulfilled all the commitments under this agreement.

The Agreement also included monthly commitments of delivering certain volume of gas; in case of failure, the Company could meet the obligation from future deliveries without penalties during a period of three months. Otherwise, the Company has to recognise the corresponding liability. As of 31 December 2012, the accrued penalty amounts to US$ 1.7 million.

Note 37 Subsequent events

Notes issuance

During February 2013, the Company successfully placed US$ 300 million notes which were offered under Rule 144A and Regulation S exemptions of the United States Securities laws.

The Notes, issued by the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary GeoPark Latin America Limited Agencia en Chile ("the Issuer"), were priced at 99.332% and will carry a coupon of 7.50% per annum to yield 7.625% per annum. Final maturity of the notes will be 11 February 2020. The Notes are guaranteed by GeoPark

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Holdings and GeoPark Latin America Chilean Branch and are secured with a pledge of all of the equity interests of the Issuer in GeoPark Chile S.A. and GeoPark Colombia S.A. and a pledge of certain intercompany loans. Notes were rated single B by both Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings.

The net proceeds of the notes will be used to finance the Company's expansion plans in the region and also to repay existing debt of approximately US$170 million, including the existing Reg S Notes due 2015 and the Itau loan. The transaction extends GeoPark's debt maturity significantly, allowing the Company to allocate more resources to its investment and inorganic growth programs in the coming years.

Acquisition in Brazil

GeoPark entered into Brazil with the acquisition of a ten percent working interest in the offshore Manati gas field ("Manati Field"), the largest natural gas producing field in Brazil. On May 14, 2013, GeoPark executed a stock purchase agreement ("SPA") with Panoro Energy do Brasil Ltda., the subsidiary of Panoro Energy ASA, ("Panoro"), a Norwegian listed company with assets in Brazil and Africa, to acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of its wholly-owned Brazilian subsidiary, Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda ("Rio das Contas"), the direct owner of 10% of the BCAM-40 block (the "Block"), which includes the shallow-depth offshore Manati Field in the Camamu-Almada basin.

The Manati Field is a strategically important, profitable upstream asset in Brazil and currently provides approximately 50% of the gas supplied to the northeastern region of Brazil and more than 75% of the gas supplied to Salvador, the largest city and capital of the northeastern state of Bahia. The field is largely developed with existing producing wells and an extensive pipeline, treatment and delivery infrastructure and is not expected to require significant future capital expenditures to meet current production estimates. Additional reserve development may be possible.

The Manati Field is operated by Petrobras (35% working interest), the Brazilian national company, largest oil and gas operator in Brazil and internationally-respected offshore operator. Other partners in the block include Queiroz Galvao Exploracao e Producao (45% working interest) and Brasoil Manati Exploracao Petrolifera S.A. (10% working interest).

GeoPark has agreed to pay a cash consideration of US$140 million at closing, which will be adjusted for working capital with an effective date of April 30, 2013. The consideration will be funded from existing cash resources. The agreement also provides for possible future contingent payments by GeoPark over the next five years, depending on the economic performance and cash generation of the Block. The closing of the acquisition is subject to certain conditions, including approval by the Brazilian National Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency ("ANP") and the Brazilian antitrust authorities.

The Manati Field acquisition provides GeoPark with:

•
  A solid foundational platform in Brazil to support future growth and expansion in Brazil—one of the world's most attractive hydrocarbon regions.
•
  Participation in an economically-attractive and strategic asset representing the largest non-associated gas producing field in Brazil, with a gross production of over 211 million cubic feet per day of gas and a secure attractively-priced long term off take contract that covers 75% of proven reserves (100% of proven developed reserves).
•
  A low-risk and fully-developed producing gas field with no significant drilling or capital expenditure investments expected.
•
  A valuable partnership with Petrobras, the largest operator in Brazil.
•
  An established geoscience and administrative team to manage the assets—and seek new growth opportunities.

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New operations in Brazil

On 14 May 2013, the Company has been awarded seven new licenses in the Brazilian Round 11 of which two are in the Reconcavo Basin in the State of Bahia and five are in the Potiguar Basin in the State of Rio Grande do Norte.

The licensing round was organized by the ANP and all proceedings and bids have been made public. The winning bids are subject to confirmation of qualification requirements.

For its winning bids on the seven blocks, GeoPark has committed to invest a minimum of US$15.3 million (including bonus and work program commitment) during the first 3 years of exploratory period. The new blocks cover an area of approximately 54,850 acres.

Drilling operations start-up in Tierra del Fuego

In April 2013, the Company has started the exploration drilling in Tierra del Fuego in Chile in its partnership with Empresa Nacional de Petroleo de Chile ("ENAP") with the spudding of the Chercán 1 well on the Flamenco Block. Chercán 1 is the first of 21 exploratory wells on the Flamenco, Campanario and Isla Norte Blocks in Tierra del Fuego as part of an estimated US$ 100 million investment commitment during the First Exploration Period. As of the date of this interim consolidated financial report, approximately 1,200 sq km of 3D seismic have been carried out over the three blocks; out of a total 3D seismic program of approximately 1,500 sq km.

Subsidiary undertakings

Subsequent to the year ended 31 December 2012, with the purpose of conducting its multilocation activities and for allowing future business structures, the Group Company has incorporated the wholly owned subsidiaries GeoPark Brasil Exploracão e Producão de Petróleo e Gas Ltda. (Brazil), GeoPark Colombia Coöperatie U.A. (The Netherlands) and GeoPark Brazil Coöperatie U.A. (The Netherlands). At the date of the issuance of these financial statements, these subsidiaries are dormant companies.

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Note 38 Supplemental information on oil and gas activities (unaudited)

The following information is presented in accordance with ASC No. 932 "Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas", as amended by ASU 2010—03 "Oil and Gas Reserves. Estimation and Disclosures", issued by FASB in January 2010 in order to align the current estimation and disclosure requirements with the requirements set in the SEC final rules and interpretations, published on December 31, 2008. This information includes the Company's oil and gas production activities carried out in Chile, Colombia and Argentina.

Table 1—Costs incurred in exploration, property acquisitions and development(1)

The following table presents those costs capitalized as well as expensed that were incurred during each of the years ended as of 31 December 2012 and 2011. The acquisition of properties includes the cost of acquisition of proved or unproved oil and gas properties. Exploration costs include geological and geophysical costs, costs necessary for retaining undeveloped properties, drilling costs and exploratory well equipment. Development costs include drilling costs and equipment for developmental wells, the construction of facilities for extraction, treatment and storage of hydrocarbons and all necessary costs to maintain facilities for the existing developed reserves.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Year ended 31 December 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proved |  |  | — |  |  | 82,766 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,766 |
Unproved |  |  | — |  |  | 27,818 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,818 |
Total property acquisition |  |  | — |  |  | 110,584 |  |  | — |  |  | 110,584 |
Exploration |  |  | 58,301 |  |  | 28,999 |  |  | (1,602 | ) |  | 85,698 |
Development |  |  | 89,669 |  |  | 27,479 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 117,647 |
Total costs incurred |  |  | 147,970 |  |  | 167,062 |  |  | (1,103 | ) |  | 313,929 |

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Year ended 31 December 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proved |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Unproved |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total property acquisition |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Exploration |  |  | 38,601 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,671 |  |  | 42,272 |
Development |  |  | 60,002 |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |  |  | 60,149 |
Total costs incurred |  |  | 98,603 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,818 |  |  | 102,421 |

(1) Includes capitalised amounts related to asset retirement obligations.

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Table 2—Capitalised costs related to oil and gas producing activities

The following table presents the capitalized costs as at 31 December 2012 and 2011, for proved and unproved oil and gas properties, and the related accumulated depreciation as of those dates.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At 31 December 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proved properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment, camps and other facilities |  |  | 69,755 |  |  | 16,351 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 86,949 |
Mineral interest and wells(1) |  |  | 236,499 |  |  | 103,023 |  |  | 4,849 |  |  | 344,371 |
Other uncompleted projects |  |  | 44,806 |  |  | 8,520 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,326 |
Unproved properties |  |  | 59,924 |  |  | 33,151 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 93,106 |
Gross capitalised costs |  |  | 410,984 |  |  | 161,045 |  |  | 5,723 |  |  | 577,752 |
Accumulated depreciation(1) |  |  | (98,161 | ) |  | (20,917 | ) |  | (5,414 | ) |  | (124,492 | )
Total net capitalised costs |  |  | 312,823 |  |  | 140,128 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 453,260 |

(1) Includes capitalised amounts related to asset retirement obligations

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At 31 December 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proved properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equipment, camps and other facilities |  |  | 46,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 843 |  |  | 47,102 |
Mineral interest and wells(1) |  |  | 166,679 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,277 |  |  | 171,956 |
Other uncompleted projects |  |  | 32,697 |  |  | — |  |  | 199 |  |  | 32,896 |
Unproved properties |  |  | 37,755 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,385 |  |  | 42,140 |
Gross capitalised costs |  |  | 283,390 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,704 |  |  | 294,094 |
Accumulated depreciation(1) |  |  | (67,559 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,673 | ) |  | (72,232 | )
Total net capitalised costs |  |  | 215,831 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,031 |  |  | 221,862 |

(1) Includes capitalised amounts related to asset retirement obligations.

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Table 3—Results of operations for oil and gas producing activities

The breakdown of results of the operations shown below summarises revenues and expenses directly associated with oil and gas producing activities for the years ended 31 December 2012 and 2011. Income tax for the years presented was calculated utilizing the statutory tax rates.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Year ended 31 December 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue |  |  | 149,927 |  |  | 99,501 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 250,478 |
Production costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs |  |  | (30,586 | ) |  | (35,069 | ) |  | 151 |  |  | (65,504 | )
Royalties and other |  |  | (7,088 | ) |  | (4,164 | ) |  | (172 | ) |  | (11,424 | )
Total production costs |  |  | (37,674 | ) |  | (39,233 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | (76,928 | )
Exploration expenses |  |  | (22,080 | ) |  | (5,528 | ) |  | (282 | ) |  | (27,890 | )
Accretion expense(1) |  |  | (265 | ) |  | (803 | ) |  | (194 | ) |  | (1,262 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (28,120 | ) |  | (20,964 | ) |  | (3,223 | ) |  | (52,307 | )
Results of operations before income tax |  |  | 61,788 |  |  | 32,973 |  |  | (2,670 | ) |  | 92,091 |
Income tax |  |  | (9,268 | ) |  | (10,881 | ) |  | 935 |  |  | (19,214 | )
Results of oil and gas operations |  |  | 52,520 |  |  | 22,092 |  |  | (1,735 | ) |  | 72,877 |

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Year ended 31 December 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net revenue |  |  | 110,103 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,477 |  |  | 111,580 |
Production costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating costs |  |  | (23,623 | ) |  | — |  |  | (203 | ) |  | (23,826 | )
Royalties and other |  |  | (4,634 | ) |  | — |  |  | (209 | ) |  | (4,843 | )
Total production costs |  |  | (28,257 | ) |  | — |  |  | (412 | ) |  | (28,669 | )
Exploration expenses |  |  | (8,487 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,579 | ) |  | (10,066 | )
Accretion expense(1) |  |  | (178 | ) |  | — |  |  | (172 | ) |  | (350 | )
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  | (24,958 | ) |  | — |  |  | (886 | ) |  | (25,844 | )
Results of operations before income tax |  |  | 48,223 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,572 | ) |  | 46,651 |
Income tax |  |  | (7,233 | ) |  | — |  |  | 550 |  |  | (6,683 | )
Results of oil and gas operations |  |  | 40,990 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,022 | ) |  | 39,968 |

(1) Represents accretion of ARO liability.

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Table 4—Reserve quantity information

Estimated oil and gas reserves

Proved reserves represent estimated quantities of oil (including crude oil and condensate) and natural gas, which available geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved developed reserves are proved reserves that can reasonably be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. The choice of method or combination of methods employed in the analysis of each reservoir was determined by the stage of development, quality and reliability of basic data, and production history.

The Company believes that its estimates of remaining proved recoverable oil and gas reserve volumes are reasonable and such estimates have been prepared in accordance with the SEC Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting rules, which were issued by the SEC at the end of 2008.

The Company estimates its reserves at least once a year. The Company's reserves estimation as of 31 December 2012 and 2011 was based on the DeGolyer and MacNaughton Reserves Report (the "D&M Reserves Report"). DeGolyer and MacNaughton prepared its proved oil and natural gas reserve estimates in accordance with Rule 4-10 of Regulation S—X, promulgated by the SEC, and in accordance with the oil and gas reserves disclosure provisions of ASC 932 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) relating to Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas (formerly SFAS no. 69 Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities).

Reserves engineering is a subjective process of estimation of hydrocarbon accumulation, which cannot be accurately measured, and the reserve estimation depends on the quality of available information and the interpretation and judgment of the engineers and geologists. Therefore, the reserves estimations, as well as future production profiles, are often different than the quantities of hydrocarbons which are finally recovered. The accuracy of such estimations depends, in general, on the assumptions on which they are based.

The estimated GeoPark net proved reserves for the properties evaluated as of 31 December 2012, 2011 and 2010 are summarised as follows, expressed in thousands of barrels (Mbbl) and millions of cubic feet (MMcf):

|  | As of 31 December 2012 |  | As of 31 December 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Oil and condensate (Mbbl) |  | Natural gas (MMcf) |  | Oil and condensate (Mbbl) |  | Natural gas (MMcf) |
Net proved developed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chile(1) |  |  | 2,104.8 |  |  | 12,768.0 |  |  | 2,133.2 |  |  | 24,476.0 |
Colombia(2) |  |  | 2,008.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consolidated |  |  | 4,113.4 |  |  | 12,768.0 |  |  | 2,133.2 |  |  | 24,476.0 |
Net proved undeveloped |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chile(1) |  |  | 3,153.3 |  |  | 16,813.0 |  |  | 3,120.9 |  |  | 32,681.0 |
Colombia(3) |  |  | 4,618.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Argentina |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consolidated |  |  | 7,771.7 |  |  | 16,813.0 |  |  | 3,120.9 |  |  | 32,681.0 |
Total proved reserves |  |  | 11,885.1 |  |  | 29,581.0 |  |  | 5,254.1 |  |  | 57,157.0 |

(1) Fell Block accounts for 100% of the reserves.

(2) Llanos 34 Block and Cuerva Block account for 31% and 53% of the proved developed reserves, respectively.

(3) Llanos 34 Block and Cuerva Block account for 72% and 25% of the proved undeveloped reserves, respectively.

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Table 5—Net proved reserves of oil, condensate and natural gas

Net proved reserves (developed and undeveloped) of oil and condensate:

Thousands of barrels |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Reserves as of 31 December 2010(1) |  |  | 5,349.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,349.9 |
Increase (decrease) attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revisions(2) |  |  | (1,253.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,253.8 | )
Extensions and discoveries |  |  | 2,022.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,022.0 |
Production |  |  | (864.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (864.0 | )
Reserves as of 31 December 2011 |  |  | 5,254.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,254.1 |
Increase (decrease) attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revisions(3) |  |  | (1,250.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,250.8 | )
Extensions and discoveries |  |  | 2,670.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,670.0 |
Purchases of minerals in place |  |  | — |  |  | 7,522.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,522.8 |
Production |  |  | (1,415.2 | ) |  | (895.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,311.0 | )
Reserves as of 31 December 2012 |  |  | 5,258.1 |  |  | 6,627.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,885.1 |

(1) Includes 1,377 of developed reserves

(2) The revisions are primarily due to the following adjustments in the Fell Block:

•
  Monte Aymond Field—Proved undeveloped oil reserves: Reduced expected recovery based on offset performance (approximately -600 mbo); and
•
  Other miscellaneous revisions, including the reduced condensate related to the gas field reserves reductions.

(3) The revisions are primarily related to condensate from the reduced gas and two fields in the Fell Block (Copihue and Guanaco) where there were reductions in proved recovery based on performance.

Net proved reserves (developed and undeveloped) of natural gas:

Millions of cubic feet |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Reserves as of 31 December 2010(1) |  |  | 76,974.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76,974.0 |
Increase (decrease) attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revisions(2) |  |  | (15,817.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,817.0 | )
Extensions and discoveries |  |  | 5,690.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,690.0 |
Production |  |  | (9,690.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,690.0 | )
Reserves as of 31 December 2011 |  |  | 57,157.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,157.0 |
Increase (decrease) attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revisions(3) |  |  | (21,860.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,860.0 | )
Extensions and discoveries |  |  | 2,256.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,256.0 |
Purchases |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Production |  |  | (7,972.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,972.0 | )
Reserves as of 31 December 2012 |  |  | 29,581.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,581.0 |

(1) Includes 30,691 of developed reserves

(2) The revisions are primarily due to the following adjustments in the Fell Block:

•
  Dicky Field—Proved developed gas reserves: Reduced proved developed reserves based on performance (approximately -2100 mmcf);
•
  Dicky Oeste Field—Proved undeveloped gas reserves: Reduced expected recovery based on offset performance (approximately -3750 mmcf);
•
  Ovejero Field—Proved developed gas reserves: Producing well shut-in—Moved reserves to probable (approximately -1000 mmcf);
•
  Pampa Field—Proved undeveloped gas reserves: Reduced recovery based on offset performance (approximately -5500 mmcf);
•
  Santiago Norte Field—Proved undeveloped gas reserves: Reduced recovery based on offset performance (approximately -3000 mmcf); and
•
  Other miscellaneous revisions.

(3) The revisions are primarily due to the effect of having reduced the Company's future gas production profile in Chile because of expected reduced deliveries to the Methanex plant. This causes a significant portion of the gas reserves to be produced below an economic level later in the productive life of the Fell Block and after the expiration of the Methanex Gas Supplies Agreement.

Revisions refer to changes in interpretation of discovered accumulations and some technical / logistical needs in the area obliged to modify the timing and development plan of certain fields under appraisal and development phases.

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Table 6—Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil and gas reserves

The following table discloses estimated future net cash flows from future production of proved developed and undeveloped reserves of crude oil, condensate and natural gas. As prescribed by SEC Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting rules and ASC 932 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) relating to Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas (formerly SFAS no. 69 Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities), such future net cash flows were estimated using the average first day- of-the-month price during the 12-month period for 2012 and 2011 and using a 10% annual discount factor. Future development and abandonment costs include estimated drilling costs, development and exploitation installations and abandonment costs. These future development costs were estimated based on evaluations made by the Company. The future income tax was calculated by applying the statutory tax rates in effect in the respective countries in which we have interests, as of the date this supplementary information was filed.

This standardized measure is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as an estimate of the market value of the Company's reserves. The purpose of this information is to give standardized data to help the users of the financial statements to compare different companies and make certain projections. It is important to point out that this information does not include, among other items, the effect of future changes in prices, costs and tax rates, which past experience indicates that are likely to occur, as well as the effect of future cash flows from reserves which have not yet been classified as proved reserves, of a discount factor more representative of the value of money over the lapse of time and of the risks inherent to the production of oil and gas. These future changes may have a significant impact on the future net cash flows disclosed below. For all these reasons, this information does not necessarily indicate the perception the Company has on the discounted future net cash flows derived from the reserves of hydrocarbons.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At 31 December 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Future cash inflows |  |  | 568,647 |  |  | 491,578 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,060,225 |
Future production costs |  |  | (135,525 | ) |  | (181,780 | ) |  | — |  |  | (317,305 | )
Future development costs |  |  | (149,100 | ) |  | (45,966 | ) |  | — |  |  | (195,066 | )
Future income taxes |  |  | (44,218 | ) |  | (98,773 | ) |  | — |  |  | (142,991 | )
Undiscounted future net cash flows |  |  | 239,804 |  |  | 165,059 |  |  | — |  |  | 404,863 |
10% annual discount |  |  | (37,355 | ) |  | (31,414 | ) |  | — |  |  | (68,769 | )
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows |  |  | 202,449 |  |  | 133,645 |  |  | — |  |  | 336,094 |
At 31 December 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Future cash inflows |  |  | 681,269 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 681,269 |
Future production costs |  |  | (130,786 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (130,786 | )
Future development costs |  |  | (112,014 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (112,014 | )
Future income taxes |  |  | (76,544 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (76,544 | )
Undiscounted future net cash flows |  |  | 361,925 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 361,925 |
10% annual discount |  |  | (76,322 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (76,322 | )
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows |  |  | 285,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 285,603 |

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Table 7—Changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Chile |  | Colombia |  | Argentina |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Present value at 31 December 2010 |  |  | 226,784 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 226,784 |
Sales of hydrocarbon, net of production costs |  |  | (83,199 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (83,199 | )
Net changes in sales price and production costs |  |  | 145,391 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 145,391 |
Changes in estimated future development costs |  |  | (39,039 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39,039 | )
Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery less related costs |  |  | 87,266 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87,266 |
Development costs incurred |  |  | 56,566 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,566 |
Revisions of previous quantity estimates |  |  | (114,297 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (114,297 | )
Net changes in income taxes |  |  | (20,058 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,058 | )
Accretion of discount |  |  | 28,085 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,085 |
Other changes |  |  | (1,896 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,896 | )
Present value at 31 December 2011 |  |  | 285,603 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 285,603 |
Sales of hydrocarbon , net of production costs |  |  | (110,331 | ) |  | (10,015 | ) |  | — |  |  | (120,346 | )
Net changes in sales price and production costs |  |  | 45,100 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,100 |
Changes in estimated future development costs |  |  | (73,255 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (73,255 | )
Extensions and discoveries less related costs |  |  | 108,768 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 108,768 |
Development costs incurred |  |  | 57,055 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,055 |
Revisions of previous quantity estimates |  |  | (174,757 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (174,757 | )
Purchase of minerals in place |  |  | — |  |  | 143,660 |  |  | — |  |  | 143,660 |
Net changes in income taxes |  |  | 23,250 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,250 |
Accretion of discount |  |  | 36,215 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,215 |
Other changes |  |  | 4,801 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,801 |
Present value at 31 December 2012 |  |  | 202,449 |  |  | 133,645 |  |  | — |  |  | 336,094 |

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Winchester Oil & Gas S. A.

Consolidated financial statement

For one-month period ended January 31, 2012

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Contents

|  | Page |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Independent auditor's report |  |  | F-83 |
Consolidated statement of income and consolidated statement of comprehensive income |  |  | F-84 |
Consolidated statement of financial position |  |  | F-85 |
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  |  | F-86 |
Consolidated statement of changes in equity |  |  | F-87 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |  |  | F-88 |

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Report of independent auditors

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. and its subsidiary as of January 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the period of one month then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 2.1, the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include comparative figures for the prior period as required by IAS 1, "Presentation of financial statements". In our opinion, inclusion of comparative figures is necessary to obtain a proper understanding of the current period's financial statements.

In our opinion, except for the exclusion of comparative information as discussed in the preceding paragraph, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. and its subsidiary at January 31, 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period of one month then ended in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.
Bogotá, Colombia
July 18, 2013

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
NET REVENUE |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2,613 |
Production costs |  |  | 7 |  |  | (1,196 | )
GROSS PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 1,417 |
Administrative costs |  |  | 9 |  |  | (226 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | 10 |  |  | (508 | )
Other operating income |  |  |  |  |  | 170 |
OPERATING PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 853 |
Financial income |  |  | 11 |  |  | 100 |
Financial expenses |  |  | 12 |  |  | (18 | )
PROFIT BEFORE TAX |  |  |  |  |  | 935 |
Income tax |  |  | 13 |  |  | (594 | )
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD |  |  |  |  |  | 341 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the parent |  |  |  |  |  | 341 |

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Profit for the period |  |  | 341 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |
Total comprehensive Income for the period |  |  | 341 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |
Owners of the parent |  |  | 341 |

The notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of financial position

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | 15 |  |  | 26,049 |
Other financial assets |  |  |  |  |  | 1,206 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 27,255 |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1,306 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 18 |  |  | 4,098 |
Prepayment and other receivables |  |  | 18 |  |  | 1,082 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 18 |  |  | 735 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | 5,567 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 12,788 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 40,043 |
EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  | 20 |  |  | 7 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 24,672 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  | 24,679 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 23 |  |  | 266 |
Provisions and other long-term liabilities |  |  | 22 |  |  | 2,222 |
Deferred income tax liability |  |  | 14 |  |  | 153 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 2,641 |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 21 |  |  | 1,286 |
Current income tax |  |  |  |  |  | 622 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 23 |  |  | 10,815 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 12,723 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 15,364 |
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 40,043 |

The notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of cash flow

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Profit for the period |  |  | 341 |
Adjustments for: |  |  |  |
Income tax for the period |  |  | 594 |
Depreciation of the period |  |  | 296 |
Loss on disposal of property and equipment |  |  | 44 |
Exchange difference generated by borrowings |  |  | 85 |
Changes in working capital |  |  | (530 | )
Cash flows from operating activities—net |  |  | 830 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Purchase of property and equipment |  |  | (831 | )
Cash flows used in investing activities—net |  |  | (831 | )
Net (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (1 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 |  |  | 5,568 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period |  |  | 5,567 |
Ending Cash and cash equivalents are specified as follows: |  |  |  |
Cash in banks |  |  | 5,567 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 5,567 |

The notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of changes in equity

|  | Attributable to owners of the Company |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Amount in US$ '000 |  | Share capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Non-controlling Interest |  | Total |
Equity at January 1, 2012 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 24,331 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,338 |
Profit for the one-month period |  |  | — |  |  | 341 |  |  | — |  |  | 341 |
Total comprehensive income for the period ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | — |  |  | 341 |  |  | — |  |  | 341 |
Balance at January 31, 2012 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 24,672 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,679 |

The notes 1 to 26 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Amounts expressed in thousands US Dollars

Note 1 General information

Winchester Oil & Gas SA ("The Company") is a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Panama, registered to the Listing Document 425060 and 405100 and domiciled in the City of Panama, Republic of Panama.

The Company established a branch in Colombia called Winchester Oil & Gas SA through public deed No. 3429 of Notary 36 of Bogotá from November 29, 2002, registered at the Chamber of Commerce of Bogota on December 13, 2002 under No. 107571, Book VI.

The principal activities of the Company are the conduct and further development of an oil and gas business in Colombia, directly or through its branch.

These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Board of Directors on July 18, 2013.

Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

Basis of preparation

These consolidated financial statements of the Company for a one-month period ended January 31, 2012 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS), except that the consolidated financial information do not include comparative figures for the prior period as required by IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements". The purpose of these financial statements is to meet the reporting requirements of Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) according to the Company?s ultimate parent requirements, in connection with an initial public offering process. The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (US$'000), except where otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The Company's transition date for IFRS purposes was January 1, 2011 as the Company did not present financial statements for previous periods. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with those IFRS standards and IFRIC interpretations issued and effective as at the time of preparing these statements.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in this note under the title "Accounting estimates and assumptions".

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2.1.1 Changes in accounting policy and disclosure

New and amended standards adopted by the Company:

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after January 1, 2012 that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning January 1, 2012 and not early adopted:

IFRS 9, 'Financial instruments', addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and October 2010. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified into two measurement categories: those measured as at fair value and those measured at amortised cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity's own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. IFRS 9 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 10, 'Consolidated financial statements builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the de-termination of control where this is difficult to assess. IFRS 10 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 11, 'Joint arrangements', establishes principles for financial reporting by entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. IFRS 11 defines joint control and requires an entity that is a party to a joint arrangement to determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations and to account for those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement. IFRS 11 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 12, 'Disclosures of interests in other entities' includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off balance sheet vehicles. IFRS 12 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 13, 'Fair value measurement', aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for use across IFRSs. The requirements, which are largely aligned between IFRSs and US GAAP, do not extend the use of fair value accounting but provide guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRSs. IFRS 13 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

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2.2 Going concern

The Directors regularly monitor the Company's cash position and liquidity risks throughout the year to ensure that it has sufficient funds to meet forecast operational and investment funding requirements. Sensitivities are run to reflect latest expectations of expenditures, oil and gas prices and other factors to enable the Company to manage the risk of any funding short falls and/or potential loan covenant breaches.

Considering macroeconomic environment conditions, the performance of the operations and Company's cash position, the Directors have formed a judgement, at the time of approving the financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue with its investment program in order to increase oil and gas reserves, production and revenues and meeting all its obligations for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Directors have continued to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

2.3 Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and all of its branch undertakings drawn up to the Balance Sheet date.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between the Company and its branches are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of branch have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Company.

2.4 Foreign currency translation

a) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Company's presentation currency.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The functional currency of the Company and its branch is the US Dollar.

b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

2.5 Joint operations

The Company's accounting for its investments in oil and gas related joint operations and other agreements involved in oil and gas exploration and production, have been recognized according to its share of the jointly controlled assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

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2.6 Revenue recognition

Revenue from the sale of crude oil is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income when risk transferred to the purchaser, and if the revenue can be measured reliably and is expected to be received. Revenue is shown net of VAT.

2.7 Production costs

Production costs from joint operating agreements are recognized on an accruals basis in accordance with liquidations from the operators of each field. Property and equipment depreciation are also included in this account.

2.8 Financial costs

Financial costs principally include realised and unrealised gains and losses arising from transactions in foreign currencies and the amortisation of financial assets and liabilities.

2.9 Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment if applicable. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items; including provisions for asset retirement obligation.

Oil and gas exploration and production activities are accounted for in a manner similar to the successful efforts method on a field by field basis. The Company accounts for exploration and evaluation activities in accordance with IFRS 6, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, capitalising exploration and evaluation costs until such time as the economic viability of producing the underlying resources is determined. Costs incurred prior to obtaining legal rights to explore are expensed immediately to the income statement.

Exploration and evaluation costs may include: license acquisition, geological and geophysical studies (i.e.: seismic), direct labour costs and drilling costs of exploratory wells. No depreciation and/or amortisation is charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. Upon completion of the evaluation phase, the prospects are either transferred to oil and gas properties or charged to expense (exploration costs) in the period in which the determination is made depending whether they have found reserves or not. If not developed, Exploration and evaluation assets are written-off after three years unless, it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment is recoverable.

All field development costs are capitalised within oil and gas properties, and subject to depreciation. Such costs may include the acquisition and installation of production facilities, development drilling costs (including dry holes, service wells and seismic surveys for development purposes), project-related engineering and the acquisition costs of rights and concessions related to proved properties.

Workovers of wells made to develop reserves and/or increase production are capitalised as development costs. Maintenance costs are charged to income when incurred.

Capitalised costs of proved oil and gas properties are depreciated on a licensed area by the licensed area basis, using the unit of production method, based on commercial proved and probable reserves. The calculation of the "unit of production" depreciation takes into account estimated future finding and development costs and is based on current year end unescalated price levels. Changes in reserves and cost

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estimates are recognised prospectively. Reserves are converted to equivalent units on the basis of approximate relative energy content.

Commercial reserves are proved oil and gas reserves.

Depreciation of the remaining property and equipment assets (i.e.: furniture and vehicles) not directly associated with oil and gas activities has been calculated by means of the straight line method by applying such annual rates as required to write-off their value at the end of their estimated useful lives. The useful lives range between 3 years and 10 years.

Depreciation is allocated in the Consolidated Statement of Income as production or administrative costs, based on the nature of the associated asset.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

2.10 Provisions and other long-term liabilities

Provisions for asset retirement obligations, restructuring obligations and legal claims are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employee termination payments.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

The Company records the fair value of the liability for asset retirement obligations in the period in which the wells are drilled. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company capitalises the cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value at each reporting period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the related asset. According to interpretations and application of current legislation and on the basis of the changes in technology and the variations in the costs of restoration necessary to protect the environment, the Company has considered it appropriate to periodically re-evaluate future costs of well-capping. The effects of this recalculation are included in the financial statements in the period in which this recalculation is determined and reflected as an adjustment to the provision and the corresponding property and equipment asset.

2.11 Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that are not subject to depreciation and/or amortization (i.e. exploration and evaluation assets) are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to depreciation and/or amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are tested at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units), generally a licensed area. Non-financial

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assets that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

No asset is kept as an exploration and evaluation asset for a period of more than three years, except if it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment will be recoverable.

No impairment loss has been recognised during the first month of 2012.

2.12 Lease contracts

All current lease contracts are considered to be operating leases on the basis that the lessor retains substantially all the risks and rewards related to the ownership of the leased asset. Payments related to operating leases and other rental agreements are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement on a straight line basis over the term of the contract. The Company's total commitment relating to operating leases and rental agreements is disclosed in Note 24.

2.13 Inventories

Inventories comprise crude oil and materials. Crude oil is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value.

Materials are measured at the lower between cost and recoverable amount. Cost is determined using the average method. The cost of materials and consumables is calculated at acquisition price with the addition of transportation and similar costs. The Cost of inventories is calculated at the production cost.

2.14 Current and deferred income tax

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company's branches operate and generate taxable income.

Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full, with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income.

2.15 Financial assets

Financial assets are divided into the following categories: loans and receivables; financial assets at fair value through profit or loss; available-for-sale financial assets; and held-to-maturity investments. Financial assets are assigned to the different categories by management on initial recognition, depending on the purpose for which the investments were acquired. The designation of financial assets is re-evaluated at every reporting date at which a choice of classification or accounting treatment is available.

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All financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are initially recognised at fair value, plus transaction costs.

Derecognition of financial assets occurs when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments expire or are transferred and substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. An assessment for impairment is undertaken at each balance sheet date.

Interest and other cash flows resulting from holding financial assets are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement when receivable, regardless of how the related carrying amount of financial assets is measured.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as non-current assets. The Company's loans and receivables comprise trade receivables, prepayments and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. They arise when the Company provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivables. Loans and receivables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. Any change in their value through impairment or reversal of impairment is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income. All of the Company's financial assets are classified as loan and receivables.

2.16 Other financial assets

Non current other financial assets relate to restricted funds made for environmental obligations according to Colombian government rules.

2.17 Impairment of financial assets

Provision against trade receivables is made when objective evidence is received that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows.

2.18 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks.

2.19 Trade and other payable

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of the business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

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2.20 Borrowings

Borrowings are obligations to pay cash and are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred.

Direct issue costs are charged to the Consolidated Statement of Income on an accruals basis using the effective interest method.

2.21 Share capital

Equity comprises the following:

•
  "Share capital" representing the proceeds from capital contributions received; currently the formalization of shares issuance is in process.
•
  "Retained earnings" representing retained profits and losses.

Note 3 Financial instruments—risk management

The Company is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:

•
  Currency risk
•
  Price risk
•
  Credit risk—concentration
•
  Funding and liquidity risk

The policy for managing these risks is set by the Board. Certain risks are managed centrally, while others are managed locally following guidelines communicated from the corporate office. The policy for each of the above risks is described in more detail below.

Currency risk

The functional currency of the Company is the US Dollar. The fluctuation of the Colombian Peso does not impact the loans, costs and revenues held in US Dollars; but it does impact in some balances denominated in local currency, such as prepaid taxes and certain costs. As currency rate changes between the U.S. Dollar and the Colombian Peso, the Company recognizes gains and losses in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The Company minimises the local currency positions by seeking to equilibrate local and foreign currency assets and liabilities. However tax balances are very difficult to match with local currency assets. Therefore the Company maintains a net exposure to changes in currency exchange rates.

Most of the Company's assets are associated with oil and gas productive assets. Such assets in the oil and gas industry, including in the local markets are usually settled in US Dollar equivalents.

During the first month of 2012, the Colombian Peso strengthened by 6,6%. If the Colombian Peso had strengthened by an additional 5% against the US Dollar, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the period would have been higher by US$ 70,500.

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Price risk

The price realized for the oil produced by the Company is linked to international price refer to the mixed Vasconia which is settled in the international markets in US Dollars. The market price of these commodities is subject to significant fluctuation but the Board did not consider appropriate to manage the Company's risk to such fluctuation through futures contracts or similar because to do so would not have been economic at the achieved production levels.

If the market prices of Brent had fallen by 10% compared to actual prices during the year, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the period would have been lower by US$ 184,667.

The Board will consider adopting a hedging policy when it deems it appropriate according to the size of the business and market implied volatility.

There are no financial instruments affected by this price risk.

Credit risk—concentration

The Company's credit risk relates mainly to accounts receivable where the credit risks correspond to the recognised values. There is not considered to be any significant risk in respect of the Company's major customers.

Most of the oil we produced was sold to Hocol, a Branch of Ecopetrol, the Colombian Sate owned oil Company. The mentioned company has a very good credit standing and despite the concentration of the credit risk, the management do not consider there to be a significant collection risk.

See disclosure in Note 18.

Funding and liquidity risk

Liquidity risk represents the Company's inability to meet its short and long-term financial commitments.

Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating activities including those activities through joint agreements with partners. The Company finance monitors rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom to fund the committed work programs of the Blocks. Producing Blocks combined low operating costs and the flexibility of a discretionary investment program that can be maintained, reduced or increased in the short term depending on the environment economic conditions.

Note 4 Accounting estimates and assumptions

Estimates and assumptions are used in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Although these estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may differ. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The key estimates and assumptions used in these consolidated financial statements are noted below:

•
  The Company adopts an approach similar to the successful efforts method of accounting. Management makes assessments and estimates regarding whether an exploration property should continue to be carried forward as an exploration and evaluation asset not yet determined or when insufficient information exists for this type of cost to remain as an asset. In making this assessment the

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Management takes professional advice from qualified independent experts, such as petroleum reserve engineers.

•
  Cash flow estimates for impairment assessments require assumptions about two primary elements—future prices and oil and gas reserves. Estimates of future prices require significant judgments about highly uncertain future events. Historically, oil and gas prices have exhibited significant volatility. Our forecasts for oil and gas revenues are based on prices derived from future price forecasts amongst industry analysts and our own assessments. Our estimates of future cash flows are generally based on our assumptions of long-term prices and operating and development costs. Given the significant assumptions required and the possibility that actual conditions will differ, we consider the assessment of impairment to be a critical accounting estimate.

  The process of estimating reserves is complex. It requires significant judgements and decisions based on available geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data. The estimation of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net cash flows was performed based on internal estimates performed by the Company's technical team which incorporates many factors and assumptions including:

  •
    expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering assessments;
  •
    future production rates based on historical performance and expected future operating and investment activities;
  •
    future oil and gas prices and quality differentials;
  •
    assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and
  •
    future development and operating costs.

|  | Management believes these factors and assumptions are reasonable based on the information available to us at the time we prepare our estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially as additional data from ongoing development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic conditions impacting oil and gas prices and costs change.

•
  Oil and gas assets held in property and equipment are mainly depreciated on a unit of production basis at a rate calculated by reference to proven reserves.
•
  Obligations related to the plugging of wells once operations are terminated imply the recognition of significant obligations. Estimating the future abandonment costs is difficult and requires management to make estimates and judgments because most of the obligations are many years in the future. Technologies and costs are constantly changing as well as political, environmental, safety and public relations considerations. The Company has adopted the following criterion for recognising well plugging and abandonment related costs: the present value of future costs necessary for well plugging and abandonment is calculated for each area on the basis of a cash. The liabilities recognised are based upon estimated future abandonment costs, wells subject to abandonment, time to abandonment, and future inflation rates.

Note 5 Consolidated statement of cash flow

The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow shows the Company's cash flows for the period for operating, investing and financing activities and the change in cash and cash equivalents during the period.

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Cash flows from operating activities are computed from the results for the year adjusted for non-cash operating items, changes in net working capital, and corporation tax. Tax paid is presented as a separate item under operating activities.

During the first month of 2012, there were not any material non-cash transactions.

Cash and cash equivalents include liquid funds with a term of less than three months.

Note 6 Net revenue

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Sale of crude oil |  |  | 2,613 |
|  |  | 2,613 |

Note 7 Production costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Depreciation |  |  | 290 |
Staff costs |  |  | 84 |
Royalties |  |  | 166 |
Consumables |  |  | 172 |
Other costs |  |  | 484 |
|  |  | 1,196 |

Note 8 Depreciation

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Oil and gas properties |  |  | 279 |
Production facilities and machinery |  |  | 9 |
Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  |  | 8 |
Depreciation of property and equipment |  |  | 296 |

Recognised as follows:

Production costs |  |  | 290 |
Administrative costs |  |  | 6 |
Depreciation total |  |  | 296 |

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Note 9 Administrative costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Staff costs |  |  | 54 |
Consultant fees |  |  | 112 |
Office expenses |  |  | 13 |
Depreciation |  |  | 6 |
Other administrative costs |  |  | 41 |
|  |  | 226 |

Note 10 Selling expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Transportation |  |  | 508 |
|  |  | 508 |

Note 11 Financial income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Net exchange difference |  |  | 87 |
Interest received |  |  | 13 |
|  |  | 100 |

Note 12 Financial expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Bank charges and other financial costs |  |  | 18 |
|  |  | 18 |

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Note 13 Income tax

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Current tax |  |  | (622 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | 28 |
|  |  | (594 | )

The tax on the Company's profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Profit before income tax |  |  | 935 |
Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate |  |  | (309 | )
Non taxable loss |  |  | (285 | )
Income tax |  |  | (594 | )

Income tax rate in Colombia is 33%.

Note 14 Deferred income tax liability

The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax liability at January 1, 2012 |  |  | (181 | )
Income statement charge |  |  | 28 |
Deferred tax liability at January 31, 2012 |  |  | (153 | )

The breakdown and movement of deferred tax position as of January 31, 2012 is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At the beginning |  | Charged to net loss |  | At end of the period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax position |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net deferred tax generated for assets and liabilities in joint agreements |  |  | (1,334 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | (1,306 | )
Other |  |  | 1,153 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,153 |
Total |  |  | (181 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | (153 | )

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Note 15 Property and equipment

Amounts in US$'000 |  | Oil & gas properties |  | Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  | Production facilities and machinery |  | Construction in progress |  | Exploration and evaluation assets |  | TOTAL |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cost at January 1, 2012 |  |  | 30,550 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 7,196 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 6,501 |  |  | 46,062 |
Additions |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 819 |  |  | 831 |
Disposal |  |  | — |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44 | )
Cost at January 31, 2012 |  |  | 30,550 |  |  | 606 |  |  | 7,171 |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | 7,320 |  |  | 46,849 |
Depreciation and write-down at January 1, 2012 |  |  | (16,923 | ) |  | (297 | ) |  | (3,284 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,504 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (279 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (296 | )
Depreciation and write-down at January 31, 2012 |  |  | (17,202 | ) |  | (305 | ) |  | (3,293 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,800 | )
Carrying amount at January 31, 2012 |  |  | 13,348 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 3,878 |  |  | 1,202 |  |  | 7,320 |  |  | 26,049 |

Note 16 Branch undertakings

Details of the branch and participation in join agreements of the Company are set out below:

|  | Name and registered office |  | Ownership interest
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Branch |  | Sucursal Winchester Oil and Gas S.A. (Colombia) |  | 100%
Join operations |  | Yamu Block (Colombia) |  | 75%-43,83%
|  | Llanos 34 Block (Colombia) |  | 45%
|  | Abanico Block (Colombia) |  | 10%
|  | Arrendajo Block (Colombia) |  | 10%
|  | Cerrito Block (Colombia) |  | 10%

Note 17 Inventories

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Crude oil |  |  | 350 |
Materials |  |  | 956 |
|  |  | 1,306 |

Note 18 Trade receivables and prepayments and other receivables

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade receivables |  |  | 4,098 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 735 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 1,082 |
Total |  |  | 5,915 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 5,915 |
Total |  |  | 5,915 |

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Trade receivables that are aged by less than three months are not considered impaired. As of January 31, 2012, there are no balances aged by more than 3 months or due between 31 days and 90 days as of January 31, 2012.

The credit period for trade receivables is 30 days. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable. The Company does not hold any collateral as security.

The carrying value of trade receivables is considered to represent a reasonable approximation of its fair value due to their short term nature.

Note 19 Financial instruments by category

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Loans and receivables |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Assets as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 5,567 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 4,098 |
Other financial assets |  |  | 1,206 |
|  |  | 10,871 |

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Other financial liabilities / Amortized cost |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Liabilities as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Trade payables |  |  | 10,815 |
Borrowings |  |  | 1,286 |
|  |  | 12,101 |

Credit quality of financial assets

The credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade receivables |  |  |  |
Counterparties with an external credit rating (Moody's) |  |  |  |
Baa2 |  |  | 4,098 |
Total trade receivables |  |  | 4,098 |

All trade receivables are denominated in US Dollars.

Cash at bank |  |  |  |
Counterparties with an external credit rating |  |  | 5,567 |
Total |  |  | 5,567 |

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Financial liabilities—contractual undiscounted cash flows

The table below analyses the Company's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Less than 1 year |  | Between 1 and 2 years |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At January 31, 2012 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 1,286 |  |  | — |
Trade payables |  |  | 10,815 |  |  | 266 |
|  |  | 12,101 |  |  | 266 |

Note 20 Share capital

Shares

The share capital of the company corresponds to 10,000 common shares for an equivalent amount of US$ 7,000.

Note 21 Borrowings

The outstanding amounts are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Banco BBVA(a) |  |  | 1,286 |
|  |  | 1,286 |

Classified as follows:

Current |  |  | 1,286 |

(a) Corresponds to a loan obtained in December 2010, according to the following conditions: annual interest rate 6.9% and duration of 18 months.

Note 22 Provisions and other long-term liabilities

The outstanding amounts are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Assets retirement obligation |  | Other |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At January 1, 2012 |  |  | 1,765 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 2,222 |
Unwinding of discount |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
At January 31, 2012 |  |  | 1,765 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 2,222 |

The provision for decommissioning relates to the estimation of future disbursements related to the abandonment and decommissioning of oil and gas wells. This provision will be utilised when the related wells are fully depleted.

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Note 23 Trade and other payables

The outstanding amounts are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade and other payables |  |  | 4,991 |
Staff costs to be paid |  |  | 168 |
To be paid to co-venturers |  |  | 3,790 |
Taxes and other debts to be paid |  |  | 1,619 |
Other |  |  | 513 |
|  |  | 11,081 |

Classified as follows:

Current |  |  | 10,815 |
Non-current |  |  | 266 |
Total |  |  | 11,081 |

The fair value of these short term financial instruments are not individually determined as the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

Note 24 Commitments

(a) Royalty commitments

In Colombia, royalties on production are payable to the Colombian Government and are determined at a rate of 8%. Additionally, under the terms of the Winchester Stock Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to make certain payments to the previous owners of Winchester based on the production and sale of hydrocarbons discovered by exploration wells drilled after October 25, 2011.

These payments involve both an earnings based measure and an overriding royalty equal to an estimated 4% carried interest on the part of the vendor. As at the balance sheet date and based on preliminary internal estimates of additions of 2P reserves since acquisition, the Company's best estimate of the total commitment over the remaining life of the concession is a range of US$ 35 million—US$ 42 million (assuming a discount rate of 9.7% and oil price of US$ 94 per barrel).

(b) Capital commitments

The Yamu Block Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well during 2012/2013.

The Llanos 34 Block Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well between 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 3,555,000 at GeoPark's working interest (45%). The Arrendajo Block (10% working interest) Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well during 2013.

(c) Operating lease commitments—Group Company as lessee

As of January 31, 2012, the Company has no significant future commitments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements.

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Note 25 Related parties

Balances outstanding with related parties

|  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Related Party and account |  | Relationship |  | Related Party |  | Current |
Co-venturers—Prepayments and other receivables |  | Joint operations |  | Joint operations |  |  | 32 |
Related Parties—Prepayments and other receivables |  | Participations agreements |  | Luna Oil Co |  |  | 27 |
Co-venturers—Trade payables and other |  | Joint operations |  | Joint operations |  |  | 3,790 |

Note 26 Subsequent events

In February 2012, the Company was acquired by Geopark Colombia S.A.S., a company dedicated to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons based in Colombia. Geopark Colombia S.A.S. is an indirect subsidiary of Geopark Holdings Limited, a Bermuda oil and gas company. As a result of this transaction, Geopark Holdings Limited obtained the control over the Company as of the acquisition date.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S. A.

Consolidated financial statements

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2011

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
December 31, 2011

Contents

Independent auditor's report |  |  | F-108 |
Consolidated statement of income |  |  | F-109 |
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income |  |  | F-109 |
Consolidated statement of financial position |  |  | F-110 |
Consolidated statement of changes in equity |  |  | F-111 |
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  |  | F-112 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |  |  | F-113 |

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Report of independent auditors

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. and its subsidiary as of December 31, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 2.1, the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include comparative figures for the prior year as required by IAS 1, 'Presentation of financial statements'. In our opinion, inclusion of comparative figures is necessary to obtain a proper understanding of the current period's financial statements.

In our opinion, except for the exclusion of comparative information as discussed in the preceding paragraph, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. and its subsidiary at December 31, 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.
Bogotá, Colombia
July 18, 2013

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
NET REVENUE |  |  | 6 |  |  | 26,663 |
Production costs |  |  | 7 |  |  | (13,612 | )
GROSS PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 13,051 |
Exploration costs |  |  | 10 |  |  | (7,563 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | 11 |  |  | (2,196 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | 12 |  |  | (2,848 | )
Other operating net expenses |  |  | 13 |  |  | (828 | )
OPERATING LOSS |  |  |  |  |  | (384 | )
Financial income |  |  | 14 |  |  | 1,444 |
Financial expenses |  |  | 15 |  |  | (675 | )
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX |  |  |  |  |  | 385 |
Income tax |  |  | 16 |  |  | (3 | )
PROFIT FOR THE YEAR |  |  |  |  |  | 382 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  | 382 |

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Profit for the year |  |  | 382 |
Total comprehensive income for year |  |  | 382 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  | 382 |

The notes 1 to 30 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of financial position

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 18 |  |  | 25,558 |
Financial instruments |  |  | 22 |  |  | 1,100 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 26,658 |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  | 20 |  |  | 2,067 |
Trade receivables |  |  | 21 |  |  | 4,434 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 21 |  |  | 1,449 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 21 |  |  | 475 |
Financial instruments |  |  | 22 |  |  | 5,568 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 13,993 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 40,651 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  | 23 |  |  | 7 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 24,331 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  | 24,338 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provisions and other long-term liabilities |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,222 |
Deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | 17 |  |  | 181 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 26 |  |  | 174 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 2,577 |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1,201 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 26 |  |  | 12,535 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 13,736 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 16,313 |
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 40,651 |

The notes 1 to 30 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of changes in equity

Amount in US$ '000 |  | Share capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balances at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 23,949 |  |  | 23,956 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the year 2011 |  |  | — |  |  | 382 |  |  | 382 |
Total Comprehensive Income for the Year 2011 |  |  | — |  |  | 382 |  |  | 382 |
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 24,331 |  |  | 24,338 |

The notes 1 to 30 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of cash flow

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the year |  |  |  |  |  | 382 |
Adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax for the period |  |  | 15 |  |  | 3 |
Depreciation of the period |  |  | 8 |  |  | 4,844 |
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | 10 |  |  | 7,563 |
Accrual of borrowing's interests |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Unwinding of discount |  |  | 14 |  |  | 90 |
Changes in working capital |  |  |  |  |  | (5,137 | )
Cash flows from operating activities—net |  |  |  |  |  | 7,749 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions of properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 17 |  |  | (11,250 | )
Cash flows used in investing activities—net |  |  |  |  |  | (11,250 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | (3,501 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January |  |  |  |  |  | 9,069 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year |  |  |  |  |  | 5,568 |
Ending Cash and cash equivalents are specified as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash in bank |  |  |  |  |  | 5,568 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | 5,568 |

The notes 1 to 30 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.
December 31, 2011
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Amounts expressed in US Dollars

Note 1 General information

Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. ("The Company") is a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Panama, registered to the Listing Document 425060 and 405100 and domiciled in the City of Panama, Republic of Panama.

The Company established a branch in Colombia called Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. through public deed No. 3429 of Notary 36 of Bogotá from November 29, 2002, registered at the Chamber of Commerce of Bogota on December 31, 2002 under No. 107571, Book VI.

The principal activities of the Company are the conduct and further development of an oil and gas business in Colombia, directly or through its branch.

These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Board Directors on July 18, 2013.

Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

The consolidated financial statements of Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS), except that the consolidated financial information do not include comparative figures for the prior period as required by IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements". The purpose of these financial statements is to meet the reporting requirements of Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) according to the Company?s ultimate parent requirements, in connection with an initial public offering process. The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (US$'000), except where otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The Company's transition date for IFRS purposes was January 1, 2011 as the Company did not present financial statements for previous periods. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with those IFRS standards and IFRIC interpretations issued and effective as at the time of preparing these statements.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in this note under the title "Accounting estimates and assumptions".

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First-time application of IFRS

For purpose of preparing its first financial statements, the Company did not make use of any of the optional exemptions set by IFRS 1 "First Time Adoption of IFRS" for its operations and those of its subsidiaries. The mandatory exceptions in IFRS 1 did not have any significant impact for the Company. As the Company did not present financial statement for previous periods, no reconciliation from previous GAAP to IFRS is included in these financial statements.

2.1.1 Changes in accounting policy and disclosure

New and amended standards adopted by the Company:

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after January 1, 2011 that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning January 1, 2011 and not early adopted:

IFRS 9, 'Financial instruments', addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and October 2010. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified into two measurement categories: those measured as at fair value and those measured at amortised cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity's own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. IFRS 9 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 10, 'Consolidated financial statements' builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the determination of control where this is difficult to assess. IFRS 10 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 11, 'Joint arrangements', establishes principles for financial reporting by entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. IFRS 11 defines joint control and requires an entity that is a party to a joint arrangement to determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations and to account for those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement. IFRS 11 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 12, 'Disclosures of interests in other entities' includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off balance sheet vehicles. IFRS 12 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

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IFRS 13, 'Fair value measurement', aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for use across IFRSs. The requirements, which are largely aligned between IFRSs and US GAAP, do not extend the use of fair value accounting but provide guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRSs. IFRS 13 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

IFRS 13 is not expected to have a significant impact on the balances recorded in the financial statements as at December 31, 2011 but would require the company to apply different valuation techniques to certain items (e.g. debt acquired as part of a business combination) recognised at fair value as and when they arise in the future.

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Management assessed the relevance of other new standards, amendments or interpretations not yet effective and concluded that they are not relevant to Company.

2.2 Going concern

The Directors regularly monitor the Company's cash position and liquidity risks throughout the year to ensure that it has sufficient funds to meet forecast operational and investment funding requirements. Sensitivities are run to reflect latest expectations of expenditures, oil and gas prices and other factors to enable the Company to manage the risk of any funding short falls and/or potential loan covenant breaches.

Considering macroeconomic environment conditions, the performance of the operations and Company's cash position, the Directors have formed a judgement, at the time of approving the financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue with its investment program in order to increase oil and gas reserves, production and revenues and meeting all its obligations for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Directors have continued to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

2.3 Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and all of its Branch undertakings drawn up to the Balance Sheet date.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between the Company and its branches are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of branch have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Company.

2.4 Foreign currency translation

a) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Company's presentation currency.

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Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The functional currency of the Company and its branch is the US Dollar.

b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

2.5 Joint operations

The Company's accounting for its investments in oil and gas related joint operations and other agreements involved in oil and gas exploration and production, have been recognized according to its share of the jointly controlled assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

2.6 Revenue recognition

Revenue from the sale of crude oil is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income when risk transferred to the purchaser, and if the revenue can be measured reliably and is expected to be received. Revenue is shown net of VAT.

2.7 Production costs

Production costs include wages and salaries incurred to achieve the net revenue for the year. Direct and indirect costs of raw materials and consumables, rentals and leasing, property and equipment depreciation and royalties are also included within this account.

2.8 Financial costs

Financial costs include interest expenses, realised and unrealised gains and losses arising from transactions in foreign currencies and the amortisation of financial assets and liabilities. The Company has not capitalised borrowing cost for wells and facilities during 2011.

2.9 Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment if applicable. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items; including provisions for asset retirement obligation.

Oil and gas exploration and production activities are accounted for in a manner similar to the successful efforts method on a field by field basis. The Company accounts for exploration and evaluation activities in accordance with IFRS 6, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, capitalising exploration and evaluation costs until such time as the economic viability of producing the underlying resources is determined. Costs incurred prior to obtaining legal rights to explore are expensed immediately to the income statement.

Exploration and evaluation costs may include: license acquisition, geological and geophysical studies (i.e.: seismic), direct labour costs and drilling costs of exploratory wells. No depreciation and/or amortisation is

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charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. Upon completion of the evaluation phase, the prospects are either transferred to oil and gas properties or charged to expense (exploration costs) in the period in which the determination is made depending whether they have found reserves or not. If not developed, Exploration and evaluation assets are written-off after three years unless, it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment is recoverable.

A charge of US$ 7,563,052 has been recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income within Exploration costs for write-offs (see Note 10).

All field development costs are capitalised within oil and gas properties, and subject to depreciation. Such costs may include the acquisition and installation of production facilities, development drilling costs (including dry holes, service wells and seismic surveys for development purposes), project-related engineering and the acquisition costs of rights and concessions related to proved properties.

Workovers of wells made to develop reserves and/or increase production are capitalised as development costs. Maintenance costs are charged to income when incurred.

Capitalised costs of proved oil and gas properties are depreciated on a licensed area by the licensed area basis, using the unit of production method, based on commercial proved and probable reserves. The calculation of the "unit of production" depreciation takes into account estimated future finding and development costs and is based on current year end unescalated price levels. Changes in reserves and cost estimates are recognised prospectively. Reserves are converted to equivalent units on the basis of approximate relative energy content.

Commercial reserves are proved oil and gas reserves.

Depreciation of the remaining property and equipment assets (i.e.: furniture and vehicles) not directly associated with oil and gas activities has been calculated by means of the straight line method by applying such annual rates as required to write-off their value at the end of their estimated useful lives. The useful lives range between 3 years and 10 years.

Depreciation is allocated in the Consolidated Statement of Income as production or administrative costs, based on the nature of the associated asset.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount (see Impairment of non-financial assets in Note 2.11).

2.10 Provisions and other long-term liabilities

Provisions for asset retirement obligations, restructuring obligations and legal claims are recognised when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employee termination payments.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

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The Company records the fair value of the liability for asset retirement obligations in the period in which the wells are drilled. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company capitalises the cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value at each reporting period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the related asset. According to interpretations and application of current legislation and on the basis of the changes in technology and the variations in the costs of restoration necessary to protect the environment, the Company has considered it appropriate to periodically re-evaluate future costs of well-capping. The effects of this recalculation are included in the financial statements in the period in which this recalculation is determined and reflected as an adjustment to the provision and the corresponding property and equipment asset.

2.11 Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that are not subject to depreciation and/or amortization (i.e. exploration and evaluation assets) are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to depreciation and/or amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are tested at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units), generally a licensed area.

Non-financial assets that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

No asset is kept as an exploration and evaluation asset for a period of more than three years, except if it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment will be recoverable.

No impairment loss has been recognised during 2011, only write-offs (see Note 10).

2.12 Lease contracts

All current lease contracts are considered to be operating leases on the basis that the lessor retains substantially all the risks and rewards related to the ownership of the leased asset. Payments related to operating leases and other rental agreements are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement on a straight line basis over the term of the contract. The Company's total commitment relating to operating leases and rental agreements is disclosed in Note 27.

2.13 Inventories

Inventories comprise crude oil and materials. Crude oil is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value.

Materials are measured at the lower between cost and recoverable amount. Cost is determined using the average method. The cost of materials and consumables is calculated at acquisition price with the addition of transportation and similar costs. The Cost of inventories is calculated at the production cost.

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2.14 Current and deferred income tax

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated statement of income.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company's branches operate and generate taxable income.

Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full, with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income.

2.15 Financial assets

Financial assets are divided into the following categories: loans and receivables; financial assets at fair value through profit or loss; available-for-sale financial assets; and held-to-maturity investments. Financial assets are assigned to the different categories by management on initial recognition, depending on the purpose for which the investments were acquired. The designation of financial assets is re-evaluated at every reporting date at which a choice of classification or accounting treatment is available.

All financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are initially recognised at fair value, plus transaction costs.

Derecognition of financial assets occurs when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments expire or are transferred and substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. An assessment for impairment is undertaken at each balance sheet date.

Interest and other cash flows resulting from holding financial assets are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement when receivable, regardless of how the related carrying amount of financial assets is measured.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as non-current assets. The Company's loans and receivables comprise trade receivables, prepayments and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. They arise when the Company provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivables. Loans and receivables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. Any change in their value through impairment or reversal of impairment is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income. All of the Company's financial assets are classified as loan and receivables.

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2.16 Other financial assets

Non current other financial assets relate to restricted funds made for environmental obligations according to Colombian government rules.

2.17 Impairment of financial assets

Provision against trade receivables is made when objective evidence is received that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows.

2.18 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks.

2.19 Trade and other payable

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of the business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

2.20 Borrowings

Borrowings are obligations to pay cash and are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred.

Direct issue costs are charged to the Consolidated Statement of Income on an accruals basis using the effective interest method.

2.21 Share capital

Equity comprises the following:

•
  "Share capital" representing the proceeds from capital contributions received; currently the formalization of shares issuance is in process.
•
  "Retained earnings" representing retained profits and losses.

Note 3 Financial Instruments-risk management

The Company is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:

•
  Currency risk
•
  Price risk
•
  Credit risk—concentration
•
  Funding and liquidity risk

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The policy for managing these risks is set by the Board. Certain risks are managed centrally, while others are managed locally following guidelines communicated from the corporate office. The policy for each of the above risks is described in more detail below.

Currency risk

The functional currency of the Company is the US Dollar. The fluctuation of the Colombian Peso does not impact the loans, costs and revenues held in US Dollars; but it does impact in some balances denominated in local currency, such as prepaid taxes and certain costs. As currency rate changes between the U.S. Dollar and the Colombian Peso, the Company recognizes gains and losses in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The Company minimises the local currency positions by seeking to equilibrate local and foreign currency assets and liabilities. However tax balances are very difficult to match with local currency assets. Therefore the Company maintains a net exposure to changes in currency exchange rates.

Most of the Company's assets are associated with oil and gas productive assets. Such assets in the oil and gas industry, including in the local markets are usually settled in US Dollar equivalents.

During 2011, the Colombian Peso strengthened by 1,5%. If the Colombian Peso had strengthened by an additional 5% against the US Dollar, with all other variables held constant, post-tax loss for the year would have been higher by US$ 74,239.

Price risk

The price realized for the oil produced by the Company is linked to international price refer to the mixed Vasconia which is settled in the international markets in US Dollars. The market price of these commodities is subject to significant fluctuation but the Board did not consider appropriate to manage the Company's risk to such fluctuation through futures contracts or similar because to do so would not have been economic at the achieved production levels.

If the market prices of Brent had fallen by 10% compared to actual prices during the year, with all other variables held constant, post-tax loss for the year would have been higher by US$1,252,516.

The Board will consider adopting a hedging policy when it deems it appropriate according to the size of the business and market implied volatility.

There are no financial instruments affected by this price risk.

Credit risk—concentration

The Company's credit risk relates mainly to accounts receivable where the credit risks correspond to the recognised values. There is not considered to be any significant risk in respect of the Company's major customers.

Approximately 93% of the oil we produced was sold to Hocol, a Branch of Ecopetrol, the Colombian Sate owned oil Company. The mentioned company has a very good credit standing and despite the concentration of the credit risk, the Management do not consider there to be a significant collection risk.

See disclosure in Note 21.

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Funding and liquidity risk

Liquidity risk represents the Company's inability to meet its short and long-term financial commitments.

Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating activities including those activities through joint agreements with partners. The Company finance monitors rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom to fund the committed work programs of the Blocks. Producing Blocks combined low operating costs and the flexibility of a discretionary investment program that can be maintained, reduced or increased in the short term depending on the environment economics conditions.

Note 4 Accounting estimates and assumptions

Estimates and assumptions are used in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Although these estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may differ. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The key estimates and assumptions used in these consolidated financial statements are noted below:

•
  The Company adopts an approach similar to the successful efforts method of accounting. Management makes assessments and estimates regarding whether an exploration property should continue to be carried forward as an exploration and evaluation asset not yet determined or when insufficient information exists for this type of cost to remain as an asset. In making this assessment the Management takes professional advice from qualified independent experts, such as petroleum reserve engineers.
•
  Cash flow estimates for impairment assessments require assumptions about two primary elements—future prices and oil and gas reserves. Estimates of future prices require significant judgments about highly uncertain future events. Historically, oil and gas prices have exhibited significant volatility. Our forecasts for oil and gas revenues are based on prices derived from future price forecasts amongst industry analysts and our own assessments. Our estimates of future cash flows are generally based on our assumptions of long-term prices and operating and development costs. Given the significant assumptions required and the possibility that actual conditions will differ, we consider the assessment of impairment to be a critical accounting estimate.

  The process of estimating reserves is complex. It requires significant judgements and decisions based on available geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data. The estimation of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net cash flows was performed based on internal estimations performed by the Company's technical team as of December 31, 2011, which incorporates many factors and assumptions including:

  •
    expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering assessments;
  •
    future production rates based on historical performance and expected future operating and investment activities;
  •
    future oil and gas prices and quality differentials;

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•
  assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and
•
  future development and operating costs.

|  | Management believes these factors and assumptions are reasonable based on the information available to us at the time we prepare our estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially as additional data from ongoing development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic conditions impacting oil and gas prices and costs changes.

•
  Oil and gas assets held in property and equipment are mainly depreciated on a unit of production basis at a rate calculated by reference to proven reserves.
•
  Obligations related to the plugging of wells once operations are terminated imply the recognition of significant obligations. Estimating the future abandonment costs is difficult and requires management to make estimates and judgments because most of the obligations are many years in the future. Technologies and costs are constantly changing as well as political, environmental, safety and public relations considerations. The Company has adopted the following criterion for recognising well plugging and abandonment related costs: the present value of future costs necessary for well plugging and abandonment is calculated for each area on the basis of a cash. The liabilities recognised are based upon estimated future abandonment costs, wells subject to abandonment, time to abandonment, and future inflation rates.

Note 5 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow

The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow shows the Company's cash flows for the year for operating, investing and financing activities and the change in cash and cash equivalents during the year.

Cash flows from operating activities are computed from the results for the year adjusted for non-cash operating items, changes in net working capital, and corporation tax. Tax paid is presented as a separate item under operating activities.

During 2011, there were not any material non-cash transactions. Cash and cash equivalents include liquid funds with a term of less than three months.

Note 6 Net revenue

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Crude oil |  |  | 26,663 |
|  |  | 26,663 |

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Note 7 Production costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Depreciation of properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 4,753 |
Rental equipment |  |  | 2,383 |
Staff costs (Note 9) |  |  | 1,921 |
Royalties |  |  | 1,830 |
Consumables |  |  | 963 |
Field camp |  |  | 203 |
Facilities maintenance |  |  | 199 |
Fees |  |  | 122 |
Services |  |  | 114 |
Well maintenance |  |  | 99 |
Other costs |  |  | 1,025 |
|  |  | 13,612 |

Note 8 Depreciation

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Oil and gas properties |  |  | 4,502 |
Production facilities and machinery |  |  | 231 |
Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  |  | 111 |
|  |  | 4,844 |

Recognised as follows:

Production costs |  |  | 4,753 |
Administrative costs |  |  | 91 |
|  |  | 4,844 |

Note 9 Staff costs

|  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Average number of employees |  |  | 44 |
Amounts in US$ '000 |  |  |  |
Wages and salaries |  |  | 2,371 |
Social security charges |  |  | 284 |
|  |  | 2,655 |

Note 10 Exploration costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts(a) |  |  | 7,563 |
|  |  | 7,563 |

(a) The charge corresponds to the write-off of exploration and evaluation assets related to the cost of three unsuccessful exploratory wells (2 well in Yamu Block, one well in Abanico Block, 2 well and Seismic 3D in Sierra Block and the remaining in Jagueyes Block).

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Note 11 Administrative costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Staff costs (Note 9) |  |  | 734 |
Consultant fees |  |  | 691 |
Rental equipment |  |  | 248 |
Services |  |  | 116 |
Office expenses |  |  | 116 |
Depreciation of properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 91 |
Maintenance |  |  | 34 |
Other administrative costs |  |  | 166 |
|  |  | 2,196 |

Note 12 Selling expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Transportation |  |  | 2,848 |
|  |  | 2,848 |

Note 13 Other operating net expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Tax on equity |  |  | 668 |
Ambient provision |  |  | 151 |
Other expenses net |  |  | 9 |
|  |  | 828 |

Note 14 Financial income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Net exchange difference |  |  | 1,313 |
Interest received |  |  | 131 |
|  |  | 1,444 |

Note 15 Financial expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Bank charges and other financial costs |  |  | 581 |
Unwinding of long-term liabilities |  |  | 90 |
Interest and amortization of debt issue costs |  |  | 4 |
|  |  | 675 |

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Note 16 Income tax

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Current tax |  |  | (1,871 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | 1,868 |
|  |  | (3 | )

The tax on the Company's profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Profit before income tax |  |  | 385 |
Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate |  |  | (127 | )
Non taxable loss |  |  | (307 | )
Non taxable income |  |  | 433 |
Other |  |  | 4 |
Income tax |  |  | (3 | )

Income tax rate in Colombia is 33%.

Tax regulations applicable to the Company?s branch establish the following:

a. Taxable income is subject to a 33% income tax rate, except for those taxpayers that handle special rates.

b. The basis to compute income tax shall not be less than 3% of the taxpayer's net equity on the last day of the immediately preceding year.

c. Until taxable year 2010, and for those taxpayers that had a contract signed at December 31, 2012, the special deduction on effective investments made on real productive fixed assets is equivalent to 30% of the investment value and its use does not result in taxable income for the partners or shareholders. Taxpayers who acquire depreciable fixed assets as of January 1, 2007 and use the deduction mentioned herein, may only depreciate such assets by means of the straight-line method and are not entitled to the audit benefit, even when in compliance with the requirements set forth by tax regulations for such entitlement. Regarding the deduction applied in previous years, if the good over which the benefit applied is not used for the income producing activity or is sold or is written-off before the end of its useful life, it is necessary to include a proportional income for the remaining useful life, upon the sale or retirement. Law 1607 of 2012, derogated the regulation that allowed to sign judicial stability contracts as of taxable year 2013.

d. Tax losses generated as from 2007 may be offset, readjusted for tax purposes, against ordinary income at any time, without prejudice of the year's presumptive income. Tax losses generated by companies may not be transferred to their partners. Tax losses arisen from non-taxable income or occasional gains or from costs and deductions not cause-related to the generation of taxable income, in no case may be offset against the taxpayer's net taxable income.

e. As from 2004, income taxpayers having performed transactions with foreign related or affiliated parties and/or residents in countries considered as tax havens are obliged to determine, for income tax

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purposes, their ordinary and extraordinary revenues, costs and deductions, and assets and liabilities considering for these transactions the market prices and profit margins.

h. Law 1607 of December 2012, reduced to 25% the income tax rate for 2013 and created the "CREE" income tax for equality, which rate will be of 9% for 2013, 2014 and 2015, and as of 2016 the rate will be 8%. Except for the cases of special deductions, such as, offset losses and excess of presumptive income, benefits not applicable to CREE, the tax basis will be the same as the income tax base.

i. As set-forth by Article 25 of Law 1607 of December 2012, as of July 1, 2013, salary tax contributions made in favor of SENA and ICBF by income tax payers related with employees that individually receive up to ten (10) minimum monthly salaries, will be exempt of this contribution. This exoneration will not be applicable to the taxpayers not subject to the CREE tax.

The Company's income tax returns for taxable years 2011 and 2010 are subject to review and acceptance by tax authorities. The Company's management and its tax advisors believe that the amounts recorded as tax liabilities are enough to cover any liability that may be established regarding those years.

Tax on equity

Law 1370 of 2009 established tax on equity for taxable year 2011, pursuant to which taxpayers which equity exceeds COP$ 5,000 million should pay a 4.8% tax rate, while for equities between COP$ 3,000 million and COP$ 5,000 million are subject to a 2.4% rate.

Moreover, Emergency Decree No. 4825 of December 2010 included a new range of taxpayers that will contribute to this tax, at a 1% rate, for equities between COP$ 1,000 million (aprox. US$ 514,748) and COP$ 2,000 million (aprox. US$ 1,029,495), and at a 1.4% rate for equities between COP$ 2,000 million (aprox. US$ 1,029,495) and COP$ 3,000 million (aprox. US$ 1,544,243). Additionally, 25% surtax is levied on this tax, which is applicable only for taxpayers for the tax on equity under Law 1370 of 2009. At December 2011, the Company recognized for this concept in Other operating net expenses at the Consolidated Income Statement US$ 668,098.

Note 17 Deferred income tax liabilities

The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax liability at January 1, 2011 |  |  | (2,049 | )
Income statement charge |  |  | 1,868 |
Deferred tax liability at December 31, 2011 |  |  | (181 | )

The breakdown and movement of deferred tax position as of December 31, 2011 is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At the beginning |  | Charged to net loss |  | At end of year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax position |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net deferred tax generated for assets and liabilities in joint agreements |  |  | (3,214 | ) |  | 1,880 |  |  | (1,334 | )
Other |  |  | 1,165 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 1,153 |
Total |  |  | (2,049 | ) |  | 1,868 |  |  | (181 | )

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Note 18 Properties, plant and equipment

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Oil & gas properties |  | Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  | Production facilities and machinery |  | Construction in progress |  | Exploration and evaluation assets |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cost at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 25,018 |  |  | 502 |  |  | 6,692 |  |  | 2,085 |  |  | 8,078 |  |  | 42,375 |
Additions |  |  | 111 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 4,526 |  |  | 5,986 |  |  | 11,250 |
Write-off |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,563 | ) |  | (7,563 | )
Transfers |  |  | 5,421 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,421 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Cost at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 30,550 |  |  | 625 |  |  | 7,196 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 6,501 |  |  | 46,062 |
Depreciation and write down at December 31, 2010 |  |  | (12,421 | ) |  | (186 | ) |  | (3,053 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,660 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (4,502 | ) |  | (111 | ) |  | (231 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,844 | )
Depreciation and write-down at December 31, 2011 |  |  | (16,923 | ) |  | (297 | ) |  | (3,284 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,504 | )
Carrying amount at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 13,627 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 3,912 |  |  | 1,190 |  |  | 6,501 |  |  | 25,558 |

Note 19 Branch undertakings

Details of the Branches and jointly controlled assets of the Company are set out below:

|  | Name and registered office |  | Ownership interest
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Branches |  | Sucursal Winchester Oil and Gas S. A. (Colombia) |  | 100%
Jointly controlled assets |  | Yamu Block (Colombia) |  | 43.83%/75%
|  | Llanos 34 Block (Colombia) |  | 45%

Note 20 Inventories

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Crude oil |  |  | 963 |
Materials |  |  | 1,104 |
|  |  | 2,067 |

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Note 21 Trade receivables and prepayments and other receivables

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade receivables |  |  | 4,434 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 475 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 1,449 |
Total |  |  | 6,358 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 6,358 |
Total |  |  | 6,358 |

Trade receivables that are aged by less than three months are not considered impaired. As of December 31, 2011, there are no balances aged by more than 3 months or due between 31 days and 90 days as of December 31, 2011.

The credit period for trade receivables is 30 days. The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable. The Company does not hold any collateral as security.

The carrying value of trade receivables is considered to represent a reasonable approximation of its fair value due to their short term nature.

Note 22 Financial instruments

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Loans and receivables 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Assets as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Trade receivables |  |  | 4,434 |
Other financial assets |  |  | 1,100 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 5,568 |
|  |  | 11,102 |

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Other financial liabilities / Amortized Cost 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Liabilities as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Trade payables and other payable |  |  | 12,709 |
Borrowings |  |  | 1,201 |
|  |  | 13,910 |

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Credit quality of financial assets

The credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade receivables |  |  |  |
Counterparties with an external credit rating (Moody?s) |  |  |  |
Baa2 |  |  | 4,434 |
Total trade receivables |  |  | 4,434 |

All trade receivables are denominated in US Dollars.

Cash and cash equivalents |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Counterparties with an external credit rating |  |  | 5,568 |
Total |  |  | 5,568 |

Financial liabilities—contractual undiscounted cash flows

The table below analyses the Company's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Less than 1 year |  | Between 1 and 2 years |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At December 31, 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | — |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 12,535 |  |  | 174 |
|  |  | 13,736 |  |  | 174 |

Note 23 Share capital

Shares

The share capital of the company corresponds to 10,000 common shares for an equivalent amount of US$ 7,000.

Note 24 Borrowings

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Outstanding amounts as of December 31 |  |  |  |
Banco BBVA(a) |  |  | 1,201 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 1,201 |

(a) Corresponds to a loan obtained in December 2010, according to the following conditions: annual interest rate 6.9% and duration of 18 months.

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Note 25 Provisions and other long-term liabilities

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Assets retirement obligation |  | Other |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
At January 1, 2011 |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 2,132 |
Unwinding of long-term liabilities |  |  | 90 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |
At December 31, 2011 |  |  | 1,765 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 2,222 |

The provision for decommissioning relates to the estimation of future disbursements related to the abandonment and decommissioning of oil and gas wells. This provision will be utilised when the related wells are fully depleted.

Note 26 Trade and other payable

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade payables |  |  | 5,305 |
Other debt(1) |  |  | 7,404 |
|  |  | 12,709 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 12,535 |
Non-current |  |  | 174 |
Total |  |  | 12,709 |

The fair value of these short term financial instruments are not individually determined as the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

(1) Other debt

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Join operation interest |  |  | 3,353 |
VAT |  |  | 875 |
Equity Tax |  |  | 495 |
Royalties |  |  | 267 |
Other |  |  | 2,414 |
Total |  |  | 7,404 |

Note 27 Interests in joint operations

The Company has interests in four joint operations, which are involved in the exploration of hydrocarbons in Colombia.

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The following amounts represent the Company's share in the assets, liabilities and results of the joint operations which have been consolidated line by line in the consolidated statement of financial position and statement of income:

Joint operation |  | Abanico/Cerrito Block |  | Yamu/Carupana Block |  | Llanos 34 Block |  | Arrendajo |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Interest |  |  | 10% |  |  | 75% / 43.83% |  |  | 45% |  |  | 10% |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PP&E / E&E |  |  | 5,493 |  |  | 13,506 |  |  | 4,815 |  |  | 1,411 |
Inventories |  |  | — |  |  | 220 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Assets |  |  | 5,493 |  |  | 13,726 |  |  | 4,815 |  |  | 1,411 |
NET ASSETS / (LIABILITIES) |  |  | 5,493 |  |  | 13,726 |  |  | 4,815 |  |  | 1,411 |
Sales |  |  | 2,988 |  |  | 22,420 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net profit / (loss) |  |  | 1,918 |  |  | 12,444 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Capital commitments related to the Llanos 34, Abanico, Arrendajo and Yamu Blocks are disclosed in Note 28 (b).

Note 28 Commitments

(a) Royalty commitments

In Colombia, royalties on production are payable to the Colombian Government and are determined at a rate of 8%. Additionally, under the terms of the Winchester Stock Purchase Agreement, we are obligated to make certain payments to the previous owners of Winchester based on the production and sale of hydrocarbons discovered by exploration wells drilled after October 25, 2011. These payments involve both an earnings based measure and an overriding royalty equal to an estimated 4% carried interest on the part of the vendor. As at the balance sheet date and based on preliminary internal estimates of additions of 2P reserves since acquisition, the Company's best estimate of the total commitment over the remaining life of the concession is a range of US$ 35 million—US$ 42 million (assuming a discount rate of 9.7% and oil price of US$ 94 per barrel).

(b) Capital commitments

The Yamu Block Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well during 2012/2013.

The Llanos 34 Block Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well between 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 3,555,000 at GeoPark's working interest (45%). The Arrendajo Block (10% working interest) Consortium has committed to drill one exploratory well during 2013.

(c) Operating lease commitments—Group Company as lessee

As of December 31, 2011, the Company has no significant future commitments under non-cancellable operating lease agreements.

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Note 29 Related parties

Balances outstanding with related parties

Related Party and account |  | Relationship |  | Related Party |  | 2011 Current |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Co-venturers—Prepayments and other receivables |  | Joint operations |  | Joint Operations |  |  | 116 |
Related Parties—Prepayments and other receivables |  | Participations agreements |  | Luna Oil Co |  |  | 26 |
Co-venturers—Trade payables and other |  | Joint operations |  | Joint Operations |  |  | 3,339 |
Related Parties—Trade payables and other |  | Participations agreements |  | Luna Oil Co |  |  | 1,777 |

Note 30 Subsequent events

In February 2012 the Company was acquired by Geopark Colombia S.A.S., a company dedicated to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons based in Colombia. Geopark Colombia S.A.S. is an indirect subsidiary of Geopark Holdings Limited, a Bermuda oil and gas company. As a result of this transaction, Geopark Holdings Limited obtained the control over the Company as of the acquisition date.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.

Consolidated financial statement

For one-month period ended January 31, 2012

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
January 31, 2012

Contents

|  | Page |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Independent auditor's report |  |  | F-136 |
Consolidated statement of income and consolidated statement of comprehensive income |  |  | F-137 |
Consolidated statement of financial position |  |  | F-138 |
Consolidated statement of changes in equity |  |  | F-139 |
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  |  | F-140 |
Notes to the consolidated statement |  |  | F-141 |

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Report of independent auditors

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. and its subsidiary as of January 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the period of one month then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 2.1, the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include comparative figures for the prior period as required by IAS 1, 'Presentation of financial statements'. In our opinion, inclusion of comparative figures is necessary to obtain a proper understanding of the current period's financial statements.

In our opinion, except for the exclusion of comparative information as discussed in the preceding paragraph, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. and its subsidiary at January 31, 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period of one month then ended in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.
Bogotá, Colombia
July 18, 2013

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
NET REVENUE |  | 6 |  |  | 360 |
Production costs |  | 7 |  |  | (124 | )
GROSS PROFIT |  |  |  |  | 236 |
Exploration costs |  | 9 |  |  | (337 | )
Administrative costs |  | 10 |  |  | (24 | )
Selling expenses |  | 11 |  |  | (51 | )
Other operating income |  |  |  |  | 14 |
OPERATING LOSS |  |  |  |  | (162 | )
Financial income |  | 12 |  |  | 444 |
Financial expenses |  | 13 |  |  | (10 | )
PROFIT BEFORE TAX |  |  |  |  | 272 |
Income tax |  | 14 |  |  | (89 | )
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD |  |  |  |  | 183 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the parent |  |  |  |  | 183 |

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Profit for the period |  |  | 183 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |
Total comprehensive Income for the period |  |  | 183 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |
Owners of the parent |  |  | 183 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of financial position

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment |  | 16 |  |  | 1,971 |
Deferred income tax asset |  | 15 |  |  | 2,745 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  | 4,716 |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  | 18 |  |  | 59 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  | 19 |  |  | 2,162 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  |  |  | 61 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  | 28 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  | 2,310 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  | 7,026 |
EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  | 21 |  |  | 31 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  | 6,374 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  | 6,405 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade and other payables |  | 22 |  |  | 621 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  | 621 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  | 621 |
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  | 7,026 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of changes in equity

|  | Attributable to owners of the Company |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Amount in US$ '000 |  | Share capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Total |
Equity at January 1, 2012 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 6,191 |  |  | 6,222 |
Profit for the period |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |  |  | 183 |
Total comprehensive income for the period ended January 31, 2012 |  |  | — |  |  | 183 |  |  | 183 |
Balances at January 31, 2012 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 6,374 |  |  | 6,405 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
January 31, 2012
Consolidated statement of cash flow

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Profit for the period |  |  | 183 |
Adjustments for: |  |  |  |
Income tax for the period |  |  | 89 |
Depreciation of the period |  |  | 29 |
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | 337 |
Changes in working capital |  |  | (596 | )
Cash flows from operating activities—net |  |  | 42 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (18 | )
Cash flows used in investing activities—net |  |  | (18 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 24 |
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 |  |  | 4 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period |  |  | 28 |
Ending Cash and cash equivalents are specified as follows: |  |  |  |
Cash in banks |  |  | 28 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 28 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
January 31, 2012
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Amounts expressed in US Dollars

Note 1 General information

La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. is a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Panama, registered to the Listing Document 539272 and 1015472 and domiciled in the City of Panama, Republic of Panama.

The Company established a branch in Colombia called La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. through public deed No. 4131 of Notary 45 of Bogotá from December 10, 1998, registered at the Chamber of Commerce of Bogotá on December 16, 1998 under number 00085878, Book VI.

The principal activities of the Company are the conduct and further development of an oil and gas business in Colombia, directly or through its branch.

These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Board of Directors on July 18, 2013.

Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

These consolidated financial statements of the Company for the one-month period ended January 31, 2012 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS), except that the consolidated financial information do not include comparative figures for the prior period as required by IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements". The purpose of these financial statements is to meet the reporting requirements of Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) according to the Company's ultimate parent requirements, in connection with an initial public offering process. The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (US$'000), except where otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The Company's transition date for IFRS purposes was January 1, 2011 as the Company did not present financial statements for previous periods. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with those IFRS standards and IFRIC interpretations issued and effective as at the time of preparing these statements.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in this note under the title "Accounting estimates and assumptions".

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2.1.1 Changes in accounting policy and disclosure

New and amended standards adopted by the Company:

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after January 1, 2012 that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning January 1, 2012 and not early adopted:

IFRS 9, 'Financial instruments', addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and October 2010. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 requires financial assets to be classified into two measurement categories: those measured as at fair value and those measured at amortised cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity's own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. IFRS 9 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 10, 'Consolidated financial statements builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the determination of control where this is difficult to assess. IFRS 10 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 11, 'Joint arrangements', establishes principles for financial reporting by entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. IFRS 11 defines joint control and requires an entity that is a party to a joint arrangement to determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations and to account for those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement. IFRS 11 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 12, 'Disclosures of interests in other entities' includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off balance sheet vehicles. IFRS 12 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 13, 'Fair value measurement', aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for use across IFRSs. The requirements, which are largely aligned between IFRSs and US GAAP, do not extend the use of fair value accounting but provide guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRSs. IFRS 13 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

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IFRS 13 is not expected to have a significant impact on the balances recorded in the financial statements as at January 31, 2012 but would require the company to apply different valuation techniques to certain items (e.g. debt acquired as part of a business combination) recognised at fair value as and when they arise in the future.

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Management assessed the relevance of other new standards, amendments or interpretations not yet effective and concluded that they are not relevant to Company.

2.2 Going concern

The Directors regularly monitor the Company's cash position and liquidity risks throughout the year to ensure that it has sufficient funds to meet forecast operational and investment funding requirements. Sensitivities are run to reflect latest expectations of expenditures, oil and gas prices and other factors to enable the Company to manage the risk of any funding short falls and/or potential loan covenant breaches.

Considering macroeconomic environment conditions, the performance of the operations and Company's cash position, the Directors have formed a judgement, at the time of approving the financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue with its investment program in order to increase oil and gas reserves, production and revenues and meeting all its obligations for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Directors have continued to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

2.3 Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and all of its branch undertakings drawn up to the Balance Sheet date.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between the Company and its branches are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of branches have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Company.

2.4 Foreign currency translation

a) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Company's presentation currency.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The functional currency of the Company and its branch is the US Dollar.

b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement

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of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

2.5 Joint Operations

The Company's accounting for its investments in oil and gas related joint operations and other agreements involved in oil and gas exploration and production, have been recognized according to its share of the jointly controlled assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

2.6 Revenue recognition

Revenue from the sale of crude oil is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income when risk transferred to the purchaser, and if the revenue can be measured reliably and is expected to be received. Revenue is shown net of VAT.

2.7 Production costs

Production costs from joint operating agreements are recognized on an accruals basis in accordance with liquidations from the operators of each field. Property, plant and equipment depreciation are also included in this account.

2.8 Financial costs

Financial costs principally include realised and unrealised gains and losses arising from transactions in foreign currencies and the amortisation of financial assets and liabilities.

2.9 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment if applicable. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items; including provisions for asset retirement obligation.

Oil and gas exploration and production activities are accounted for in a manner similar to the successful efforts method on a field by field basis. The Company accounts for exploration and evaluation activities in accordance with IFRS 6, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, capitalising exploration and evaluation costs until such time as the economic viability of producing the underlying resources is determined. Costs incurred prior to obtaining legal rights to explore are expensed immediately to the income statement.

Exploration and evaluation costs may include: license acquisition, geological and geophysical studies (i.e.: seismic), direct labour costs and drilling costs of exploratory wells. No depreciation and/or amortisation is charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. Upon completion of the evaluation phase, the prospects are either transferred to oil and gas properties or charged to expense (exploration costs) in the period in which the determination is made depending whether they have found reserves or not. If not developed, Exploration and evaluation assets are written-off after three years unless, it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment is recoverable.

A charge of US$ 337,000 has been recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income within Exploration costs for write-offs (see Note 9).

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All field development costs are capitalised within oil and gas properties, and subject to depreciation. Such costs may include the acquisition and installation of production facilities, development drilling costs (including dry holes, service wells and seismic surveys for development purposes), project-related engineering and the acquisition costs of rights and concessions related to proved properties.

Workovers of wells made to develop reserves and/or increase production are capitalised as development costs. Maintenance costs are charged to income when incurred.

Capitalised costs of proved oil and gas properties are depreciated on a licensed area by the licensed area basis, using the unit of production method, based on commercial proved and probable reserves. The calculation of the "unit of production" depreciation takes into account estimated future finding and development costs and is based on current year end unescalated price levels. Changes in reserves and cost estimates are recognised prospectively. Reserves are converted to equivalent units on the basis of approximate relative energy content.

Commercial reserves are proved oil and gas reserves.

Depreciation of the remaining property and equipment assets (i.e.: furniture and vehicles) not directly associated with oil and gas activities has been calculated by means of the straight line method by applying such annual rates as required to write-off their value at the end of their estimated useful lives. The useful lives range between 3 years and 10 years.

Depreciation is allocated in the Consolidated Statement of Income as production or administrative costs, based on the nature of the associated asset.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

2.10 Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that are not subject to depreciation and/or amortization (i.e. exploration and evaluation assets) are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to depreciation and/or amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are tested at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units), generally a licensed area. Non-financial assets that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

No asset is kept as an exploration and evaluation asset for a period of more than three years, except if it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment will be recoverable.

No impairment loss has been recognised during 2011; only write-offs (see Note 9).

2.11 Inventories

Inventories comprise crude oil. Crude oil is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

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2.12 Current and deferred income tax

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Luna Oil Co. is a LLC company based in Panamá and is not subject to income taxes. Consequently, income taxes have been provided based on the tax laws and rates in effect in the countries in which the Company's operations are conducted and income is earned.

The Branch records a provision for income taxes using the "liability" method. The provision for the Branch income tax is calculated at the official rate of 33%, by the liability method, on the higher of presumptive income, alternative minimum taxable basis, or taxable income.

Advance tax payments and recoverable withholding taxes are offset against the estimated income tax liability.

Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full, with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income.

2.13 Financial assets

Financial assets are divided into the following categories: loans and receivables; financial assets at fair value through profit or loss; available-for-sale financial assets; and held-to-maturity investments. Financial assets are assigned to the different categories by management on initial recognition, depending on the purpose for which the investments were acquired. The designation of financial assets is re-evaluated at every reporting date at which a choice of classification or accounting treatment is available.

All financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are initially recognised at fair value, plus transaction costs.

Derecognition of financial assets occurs when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments expire or are transferred and substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. An assessment for impairment is undertaken at each balance sheet date.

Interest and other cash flows resulting from holding financial assets are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement when receivable, regardless of how the related carrying amount of financial assets is measured.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as non-current assets. The Company's loans and receivables comprise trade receivables, prepayments and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. They arise when the Company provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivables.

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2.14 Impairment of financial assets

Provision against trade receivables is made when objective evidence is received that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows.

2.15 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks.

2.16 Trade and other payable

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of the business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2.17 Share capital

Equity comprises the following:

•
  "Share capital" representing the proceeds from capital contributions received; currently the formalization of shares issuance is in process.
•
  "Retained Earnings" representing retained profits and losses.

Note 3 Financial Instruments-risk management

The Company is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:

•
  Currency risk
•
  Price risk
•
  Credit risk—concentration
•
  Funding and liquidity risk

The policy for managing these risks is set by the Board. Certain risks are managed centrally, while others are managed locally following guidelines communicated from the corporate office. The policy for each of the above risks is described in more detail below.

Currency risk

The functional currency of the Company is the US Dollar. The fluctuation of the Colombian Peso does not impact the loans, costs and revenues held in US Dollars; but it does impact in some balances denominated in local currency, such as prepaid taxes and certain costs. As currency rate changes between the US Dollar and the Colombian Peso, the Company recognizes gains and losses in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

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The Company minimises the local currency positions by seeking to equilibrate local and foreign currency assets and liabilities. However, tax balances are very difficult to match with local currency assets. Therefore, the Company maintains a net exposure to changes in currency exchange rates.

Most of the Company's assets are associated with oil and gas productive assets. Such assets in the oil and gas industry, including in the local markets are usually settled in US Dollar equivalents.

During the first month of 2012, the Colombian Peso strengthened by 6,6%. If the Colombian Peso had strengthened by an additional 5% against the US Dollar, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the period would have been lower by US$ 305,000.

Price risk

In the first month of 2012 net revenue comes from Carupana field (participation agreement) which is operated by Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. The operator is responsible for selling the oil produced and then distribute to each partner's the net income generated by the field.

As mentioned above, the price risk is related to sales made by Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. In the first month of 2012 the prise realised for the oil produce by Winchester Oil and Gas is linked to Brent adjusted by the Vasconia differential (Colombian market indicator) which is settled in the international markets in US Dollars. The market price of these commodities is subject to significant fluctuation but the Board did not consider appropriate to manage the Company's risk to such fluctuation through futures contracts or similar because to do so would not have been economic at the achieved production levels.

If the market prices of Brent adjusted by the Vasconia differential had fallen by 10% compared to actual prices during the period, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the period would have been lower by US$ 22,190.

The Board will consider adopting a hedging policy when it deems it appropriate according to the size of the business and market implied volatility.

Credit risk—concentration

The Company's credit risk relates mainly to accounts receivable where the credit risks correspond to the recognised values. There is not considered to be any significant risk.

Funding and liquidity risk

Liquidity risk represents the Company's inability to meet its short and long-term financial commitments. Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating activities including those activities through joint agreements with partners. The Company finance monitors rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom to fund the committed work programs of the Blocks. Producing Blocks combined low operating costs and the flexibility of a discretionary investment program that can be maintained, reduced or increased in the short term depending on the environment economic conditions.

Note 4 Accounting estimates and assumptions

Estimates and assumptions are used in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Although these estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may

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differ. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The key estimates and assumptions used in these consolidated financial statements are noted below:

•
  The Company adopts an approach similar to the successful efforts method of accounting. Management makes assessments and estimates regarding whether an exploration property should continue to be carried forward as an exploration and evaluation asset not yet determined or when insufficient information exists for this type of cost to remain as an asset. In making this assessment the Management takes professional advice from qualified independent experts, such as petroleum reserve engineers.
•
  Cash flow estimates for impairment assessments require assumptions about two primary elements—future prices and oil and gas reserves. Estimates of future prices require significant judgments about highly uncertain future events. Historically, oil and gas prices have exhibited significant volatility. Our forecasts for oil and gas revenues are based on prices derived from future price forecasts amongst industry analysts and our own assessments. Our estimates of future cash flows are generally based on our assumptions of long-term prices and operating and development costs. Given the significant assumptions required and the possibility that actual conditions will differ, we consider the assessment of impairment to be a critical accounting estimate.

|  | The process of estimating reserves is complex. It requires significant judgements and decisions based on available geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data. The estimation of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net cash flows was performed based on internal estimates performed by the Company's technical team as of December 31, 2011, which incorporates many factors and assumptions including:

•
  expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering assessments;
•
  future production rates based on historical performance and expected future operating and investment activities;
•
  future oil and gas prices and quality differentials;
•
  assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and
•
  future development and operating costs.

|  | Management believes these factors and assumptions are reasonable based on the information available to us at the time we prepare our estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially as additional data from ongoing development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic conditions impacting oil and gas prices and costs change.

•
  Oil and gas assets held in property and equipment are mainly depreciated on a unit of production basis at a rate calculated by reference to proven reserves.

Note 5 Consolidated statement of cash flow

The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow shows the Company's cash flows for the period for operating, investing and financing activities and the change in cash and cash equivalents during the period.

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Cash flows from operating activities are computed from the results for the period adjusted for non-cash operating items, changes in net working capital, and corporation tax. Tax paid is presented as a separate item under operating activities.

During the first month of 2012, there were not any material non-cash transactions.

Cash and cash equivalents include liquid funds with a term of less than three months.

Note 6 Net revenue

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Sale of crude oil |  |  | 360 |
TOTAL |  |  | 360 |

Note 7 Production costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Depreciation |  |  | 29 |
Royalties |  |  | 21 |
Other costs |  |  | 74 |
|  |  | 124 |

Note 8 Depreciation

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Oil and gas properties |  |  | 18 |
Production facilities and machinery |  |  | 11 |
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 29 |

Note 9 Exploration costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts(a) |  |  | 337 |
|  |  | 337 |

(a) The charge corresponds to the write-off of exploration and evaluation assets related to the cost of seismic in Llanos 17 Block incurred during the period.

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Note 10 Administrative costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Consultant fees |  |  | 5 |
Other administrative costs |  |  | 19 |
|  |  | 24 |

Note 11 Selling expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Transportation |  |  | 51 |
|  |  | 51 |

Note 12 Financial income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Exchange difference |  |  | 444 |
|  |  | 444 |

Note 13 Financial expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Bank charges and other financial costs |  |  | 10 |
|  |  | 10 |

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Note 14 Income tax

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Current tax |  |  | (89 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | — |
|  |  | (89 | )

The tax on the Company's profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | One-month period ended January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Profit before income tax |  |  | 272 |
Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate |  |  | (89 | )
Income tax |  |  | (89 | )

Income tax rate in Colombia is 33%.

Note 15 Deferred income tax asset

The gross movement on the deferred income tax asset account is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax asset at January 1, 2012 |  |  | 2,745 |
Income statement charge |  |  | — |
Deferred tax asset at January 31, 2012 |  |  | 2,745 |

The breakdown and movement of deferred tax balances as of January 31, 2012 is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At the beginning |  | Charged to net profit |  | At end of period |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax balances |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation agreement |  |  | 1,283 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,283 |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 1,417 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,417 |
Other |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |
|  |  | 2,745 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,745 |

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Note 16 Property, plant and equipment

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Oil & gas properties |  | Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  | Production facilities and machinery |  | Construction in progress |  | Exploration and evaluation assets |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cost at January 1, 2012 |  |  | 2,212 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 608 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | 4,140 |
Additions |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | 18 |
Write-off(1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (337 | ) |  | (337 | )
Cost at January 31, 2012 |  |  | 2,212 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 608 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 888 |  |  | 3,821 |
Depreciation and write-down at January 1, 2012 |  |  | (1,583 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (224 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,821 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (18 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29 | )
Depreciation and write-down at January 31, 2012 |  |  | (1,601 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (235 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,850 | )
Carrying amount at January 31, 2012 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 373 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 888 |  |  | 1,971 |

(1) Corresponds to write-off of Exploration and evaluation assets in Llanos 17 Block.

Note 17 Branch and joint agreement undertakings

Details of the branch and participation in join agreements of the Company are set out below:

|  | Name and registered office |  | Ownership interest
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Branch |  | Sucursal La Luna Oil Co. Ltd. (Colombia) |  | 100%
Joint agreements |  | Llanos 17 (Colombia) |  | 36,84%
|  | Llanos 32 (Colombia) |  | 10.00%
|  | Carupana (Colombia) |  | 10,67%

Note 18 Inventories

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Crude oil |  |  | 59 |
|  |  | 59 |

Note 19 Prepayments and other receivables

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Receivables from join agreement partners |  |  | 2,162 |
|  |  | 2,162 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 2,162 |
|  |  | 2,162 |

As of January 31, 2012, there are no balances aged by more than 3 months or due between 31 days and 90 days as of January 31, 2012.

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The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable. The Company does not hold any collateral as security.

The carrying value of accounts receivables is considered to represent a reasonable approximation of its fair value due to their short term nature.

Note 20 Financial instruments by category

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Loans and receivables |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Assets as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 28 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 2,162 |
|  |  | 2,190 |

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Other financial liabilities / Amortized cost |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Liabilities as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 621 |
|  |  | 621 |

Credit quality of financial assets

The credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates:

Cash at bank |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Counterparties with an external credit rating |  |  | 28 |
|  |  | 28 |

Financial liabilities—contractual undiscounted cash flows

The table below analyses the Company's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Less than 1 year |
--- | --- | --- | ---
At January 31, 2012 |  |  |  |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 621 |
|  |  | 621 |

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Note 21 Share capital

Shares

The share capital of the company corresponds to 50,000 common shares for an equivalent amount of US$ 31,000.

Note 22 Trade and other payables

The outstanding amounts are as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At January 31, 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade payables |  |  | 3 |
Tax on equity and other debts to be paid |  |  | 577 |
Payables to joint agreement partners |  |  | 14 |
Related parties—Winchester Oil & Gas |  |  | 27 |
|  |  | 621 |

Note 23 Commitments

(a) Capital commitments

The Llanos 32 Block Consortium has committed to drill two exploratory wells in 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 2,450,000 at GeoPark's working interest (36.84%).

The Llanos 17 Block Consortium has committed to drill two exploratory wells in 2012 and perform 3D seismic between 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 2,450,000 at GeoPark's working interest (36.84%).

Note 24 Related parties

Balances outstanding with related parties

|  | At January 31, 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Related Party and account |  | Relationship |  | Related Party |  | Current |
Co-venturers—Prepayments and other receivables |  | Joint operations |  | Joint operations |  |  | 2,162 |
Co-venturers—Trade payables and other |  | Joint operations |  | Joint operations |  |  | 14 |
Related Parties—Trade payables and other |  | Participations agreements |  | Winchester Oil & Gas |  |  | 27 |

Note 25 Subsequent events

In February 2012, the Company was acquired by Geopark Luna S.A.S., a company dedicated to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons based in Colombia. Geopark Luna S.A.S. is an indirect subsidiary of Geopark Holdings Limited, a Bermuda oil and gas company. As a result of this transaction, Geopark Holdings Limited obtained the control over the Company as of the acquisition date.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.

Consolidated financial statements

As of and for the year ended December 31, 2011

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
December 31, 2011

Contents

Independent auditor's report |  | F-158
Consolidated statement of income |  | F-159
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income |  | F-159
Consolidated statement of financial position |  | F-160
Consolidated statement of changes in equity |  | F-161
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  | F-162
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |  | F-163

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Report of independent auditors

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. and its subsidiary as of December 31, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 2.1, the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include comparative figures for the prior year as required by IAS 1, 'Presentation of financial statements'. In our opinion, inclusion of comparative figures is necessary to obtain a proper understanding of the current period's financial statements.

In our opinion, except for the exclusion of comparative information as discussed in the preceding paragraph, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. and its subsidiary at December 31, 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.
Bogotá, Colombia
July 18, 2013

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
NET REVENUE |  |  | 6 |  |  | 4,560 |
Production costs |  |  | 7 |  |  | (1,487 | )
GROSS PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |
Exploration costs |  |  | 9 |  |  | (1,469 | )
Administrative costs |  |  | 10 |  |  | (79 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | 11 |  |  | (422 | )
Tax on equity and other operating expenses |  |  | 13 |  |  | (671 | )
OPERATING PROFIT |  |  |  |  |  | 432 |
Financial expenses |  |  | 12 |  |  | (40 | )
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX |  |  |  |  |  | 392 |
Income tax |  |  | 13 |  |  | (387 | )
PROFIT FOR THE YEAR |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Income for the year |  |  | 5 |
Total comprehensive income for year |  |  | 5 |
Attributable to: |  |  |  |
Owners of the Company |  |  | 5 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of financial position

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2,319 |
Deferred income tax asset |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2,745 |
TOTAL NON CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 5,064 |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  | 17 |  |  | 137 |
Prepayments and other receivables |  |  | 18 |  |  | 1,957 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 19 |  |  | 4 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 2,098 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 7,162 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity attributable to owners of the Company |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  | 20 |  |  | 31 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 6,191 |
TOTAL EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  | 6,222 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax liability |  |  |  |  |  | 47 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 21 |  |  | 893 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 940 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 940 |
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 7,162 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of changes in equity

|  | Share capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balances at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 6,186 |  |  | 6,217 |
Comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the year 2011 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Total Comprehensive Income for the Year 2011 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 6,191 |  |  | 6,222 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
December 31, 2011
Consolidated statement of cash flow

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Note |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the year |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |
Adjustments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax for the year |  |  | 13 |  |  | 387 |
Depreciation of the year |  |  | 8 |  |  | 377 |
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1,469 |
Changes in working capital |  |  |  |  |  | 78 |
Cash flows from operating activities—net |  |  |  |  |  | 2,316 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions of property, plant and equipment |  |  | 15 |  |  | (2,340 | )
Cash flows used in investing activities—net |  |  |  |  |  | (2,340 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | (24 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1, 2011 |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Ending Cash and cash equivalents are specified as follows: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |

The notes 1 to 25 are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D.
December 31, 2011
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Amounts expressed in US Dollars

Note 1 General information

La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. ("The Company") is a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Panama, registered to the Listing Document 539272 and 1015472 and domiciled in the City of Panama, Republic of Panama.

The Company established a branch in Colombia called La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. through public deed No. 4131 of Notary 45 of Bogotá from December 10, 1998, registered at the Chamber of Commerce of Bogotá on December 16, 1998 under number 00085878, Book VI.

The principal activities of the Company are the conduct and further development of an oil and gas business in Colombia, directly or through its branch.

These consolidated financial statements were authorised for issuance by the Board of Directors on July 18, 2013.

Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of preparation

The consolidated financial statements of La Luna Oil Co. L.T.D. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IFRS) except that the consolidated financial information do not include comparative figures for the prior period as required by IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements". The purpose of these financial statements is to meet the reporting requirements of Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) according to the Company's ultimate parent requirements, in connection with an initial public offering process. The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (US$'000), except where otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The Company's transition date for IFRS purposes was January 1, 2011 as the Company did not present financial statements for previous periods. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with those IFRS standards and IFRIC interpretations issued and effective as at the time of preparing these statements.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated financial statements are disclosed in this note under the title "Accounting estimates and assumptions".

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First-time application of IFRS

For purpose of preparing its first financial statements, the Company did not make use of any of the financial exemptions set by IFRS 1 "First Time Adoption of IFRS" for its operations and those of its subsidiaries. The mandatory exceptions in IFRS 1 did not have any significant impact for the Company. As the Company did not present financial statement for previous periods, no reconciliation from previous GAAP to IFRS is included in these financial statements.

2.1.1 Changes in accounting policy and disclosure

New and amended standards adopted by the Company:

There are no IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are effective for the first time for the financial year beginning on or after January 1, 2011 that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

New standards, amendments and interpretations issued but not effective for the financial year beginning January 1, 2011 and not early adopted:

IFRS 9, 'Financial instruments', addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. IFRS 9 was issued in November 2009 and October 2010. It replaces the parts of IAS 39 that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 re-quires financial assets to be classified into two measurement categories: those measured as at fair value and those measured at amortised cost. The determination is made at initial recognition. The classification depends on the entity's business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity's own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the income statement, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. IFRS 9 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 10, 'Consolidated financial statements builds on existing principles by identifying the concept of control as the determining factor in whether an entity should be included within the consolidated financial statements of the parent company. The standard provides additional guidance to assist in the de-termination of control where this is difficult to assess. IFRS 10 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 11, 'Joint arrangements', establishes principles for financial reporting by entities that have an interest in arrangements that are controlled jointly. IFRS 11 defines joint control and requires an entity that is a party to a joint arrangement to determine the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations and to account for those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement. IFRS 11 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

IFRS 12, 'Disclosures of interests in other entities' includes the disclosure requirements for all forms of interests in other entities, including joint arrangements, associates, special purpose vehicles and other off balance sheet vehicles. IFRS 12 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013 and it is not expected to have a materially impact on the Company's financial condition or results of the operations.

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IFRS 13, 'Fair value measurement', aims to improve consistency and reduce complexity by providing a precise definition of fair value and a single source of fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for use across IFRSs. The requirements, which are largely aligned between IFRSs and US GAAP, do not extend the use of fair value accounting but provide guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted by other standards within IFRSs. IFRS 13 is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

IFRS 13 is not expected to have a significant impact on the balances recorded in the financial statements as at December 31, 2011 but would require the company to apply different valuation techniques to certain items (e.g. debt acquired as part of a business combination) recognised at fair value as and when they arise in the future.

There are no other IFRSs or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Management assessed the relevance of other new standards, amendments or interpretations not yet effective and concluded that they are not relevant to Company.

2.2 Going concern

The Directors regularly monitor the Company's cash position and liquidity risks throughout the year to ensure that it has sufficient funds to meet forecast operational and investment funding requirements. Sensitivities are run to reflect latest expectations of expenditures, oil and gas prices and other factors to enable the Company to manage the risk of any funding short falls and/or potential loan covenant breaches.

Considering macroeconomic environment conditions, the performance of the operations and Company's cash position, the Directors have formed a judgement, at the time of approving the financial statements, that there is a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue with its investment program in order to increase oil and gas reserves, production and revenues and meeting all its obligations for the foreseeable future. For this reason, the Directors have continued to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

2.3 Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and all of its branch undertakings drawn up to the Balance Sheet date.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between the Company and its branches are eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of branches have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Company.

2.4 Foreign currency translation

a) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Company's presentation currency.

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Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The functional currency of the Company and its branch is the US Dollar.

b) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

2.5 Joint operations

The Company's accounting for its investments in oil and gas related joint operations and other agreements involved in oil and gas exploration and production, have been recognized according to its share of the jointly controlled assets, liabilities, income and expenses.

2.6 Revenue recognition

Revenue from the sale of crude oil is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income when risk transferred to the purchaser, and if the revenue can be measured reliably and is expected to be received. Revenue is shown net of VAT.

2.7 Production costs

Production costs from joint operating agreements are recognized on an accruals basis in accordance with liquidations from the operators of each field. Property, plant and equipment depreciation are also included in this account.

2.8 Financial costs

Financial costs principally include realised and unrealised gains and losses arising from transactions in foreign currencies and the amortisation of financial assets and liabilities.

2.9 Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at historical cost less depreciation, and impairment if applicable. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items; including provisions for asset retirement obligation.

Oil and gas exploration and production activities are accounted for in a manner similar to the successful efforts method on a field by field basis. The Company accounts for exploration and evaluation activities in accordance with IFRS 6, Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources, capitalising exploration and evaluation costs until such time as the economic viability of producing the underlying resources is determined. Costs incurred prior to obtaining legal rights to explore are expensed immediately to the income statement.

Exploration and evaluation costs may include: license acquisition, geological and geophysical studies (i.e.: seismic), direct labour costs and drilling costs of exploratory wells. No depreciation and/or amortisation is charged during the exploration and evaluation phase. Upon completion of the evaluation phase, the

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prospects are either transferred to oil and gas properties or charged to expense (exploration costs) in the period in which the determination is made depending whether they have found reserves or not. If not developed, Exploration and evaluation assets are written-off after three years unless, it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment is recoverable.

A charge of US$ 1,469,008 has been recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income within Exploration costs for write-offs (see Note 9).

All field development costs are capitalised within oil and gas properties, and subject to depreciation. Such costs may include the acquisition and installation of production facilities, development drilling costs (including dry holes, service wells and seismic surveys for development purposes), project-related engineering and the acquisition costs of rights and concessions related to proved properties.

Workovers of wells made to develop reserves and/or increase production are capitalised as development costs. Maintenance costs are charged to income when incurred.

Capitalised costs of proved oil and gas properties are depreciated on a licensed area by the licensed area basis, using the unit of production method, based on commercial proved and probable reserves. The calculation of the "unit of production" depreciation takes into account estimated future finding and development costs and is based on current year end unescalated price levels. Changes in reserves and cost estimates are recognised prospectively. Reserves are converted to equivalent units on the basis of approximate relative energy content.

Commercial reserves are proved oil and gas reserves.

Depreciation of the remaining property, plant and equipment assets (i.e.: furniture and vehicles) not directly associated with oil and gas activities has been calculated by means of the straight line method by applying such annual rates as required to write-off their value at the end of their estimated useful lives. The useful lives range between 3 years and 10 years.

Depreciation is allocated in the Consolidated Statement of Income as production or administrative costs, based on the nature of the associated asset.

An asset's carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset's carrying amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount.

2.10 Impairment of non-financial assets

Assets that are not subject to depreciation and/or amortization (i.e. exploration and evaluation assets) are tested annually for impairment. Assets that are subject to depreciation and/or amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are tested at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units), generally a licensed area. Non-financial assets that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date.

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No asset is kept as an exploration and evaluation asset for a period of more than three years, except if it can be clearly demonstrated that the carrying value of the investment will be recoverable.

No impairment loss has been recognised during 2011; only write-offs (see Note 9).

2.11 Inventories

Inventories comprise crude oil. Crude oil is measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.

2.12 Current and deferred income tax

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Luna Oil Co. is a LLC company based in Panamá and is not subject to income taxes. Consequently, income taxes have been provided based on the tax laws and rates in effect in the countries in which the Company's operations are conducted and income is earned.

The Branch records a provision for income taxes using the "liability" method. The provision for the Branch income tax is calculated at the official rate of 33%, by the liability method, on the higher of presumptive income, alternative minimum taxable basis, or taxable income.

Advance tax payments and recoverable withholding taxes are offset against the estimated income tax liability.

Deferred income tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantially enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax liabilities are provided in full, with no discounting. Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the underlying deductible temporary differences will be able to be offset against future taxable income.

2.13 Financial assets

Financial assets are divided into the following categories: loans and receivables; financial assets at fair value through profit or loss; available-for-sale financial assets; and held-to-maturity investments. Financial assets are assigned to the different categories by management on initial recognition, depending on the purpose for which the investments were acquired. The designation of financial assets is re-evaluated at every reporting date at which a choice of classification or accounting treatment is available.

All financial assets are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. All financial assets are initially recognised at fair value, plus transaction costs.

Derecognition of financial assets occurs when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments expire or are transferred and substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred. An assessment for impairment is undertaken at each balance sheet date.

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Interest and other cash flows resulting from holding financial assets are recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement when receivable, regardless of how the related carrying amount of financial assets is measured.

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date. These are classified as non-current assets. The Company's loans and receivables comprise trade receivables, prepayments and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. They arise when the Company provides money, goods or services directly to a debtor with no intention of trading the receivables.

Loans and receivables are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. Any change in their value through impairment or reversal of impairment is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Income. All of the Company's financial assets are classified as loan and receivables.

2.14 Impairment of financial assets

Provision against trade receivables is made when objective evidence is received that the Company will not be able to collect all amounts due to it in accordance with the original terms of those receivables. The amount of the write-down is determined as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows.

2.15 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalent include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks.

2.16 Trade and other payable

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of the business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.

Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

2.17 Share capital

Equity comprises the following:

•
  "Share capital" representing the proceeds from capital contributions received; currently the formalization of shares issuance is in process.
•
  "Retained Earnings" representing retained profits and losses.

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Note 3 Financial instruments-risk management

The Company is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks:

•
  Currency risk
•
  Price risk
•
  Credit risk—concentration
•
  Funding and liquidity risk

The policy for managing these risks is set by the Board. Certain risks are managed centrally, while others are managed locally following guidelines communicated from the corporate office. The policy for each of the above risks is described in more detail below.

Currency risk

The functional currency of the Company is the US Dollar. The fluctuation of the Colombian Peso does not impact the loans, costs and revenues held in US Dollars; but it does impact the balances denominated in local currency. Such is the case of the prepaid taxes and certain costs. As currency rate changes between the US Dollar and the Colombian Peso, the Company recognizes gains and losses in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The Company minimises the local currency positions by seeking to equilibrate local and foreign currency assets and liabilities. However, tax balances are very difficult to match with local currency assets. Therefore, the Company maintains a net exposure to changes in currency exchange rates.

Most of the Company's assets are associated with oil and gas productive assets. Such assets in the oil and gas industry, including in the local markets are usually settled in US Dollar equivalents.

During 2011, the Colombian Peso strengthened by 1,5%. If the Colombian Peso had strengthened by an additional 5% against the US Dollar, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the year would have been higher by US$ 22,138.

Price risk

In 2011 net revenue comes from Carupana field (participation agreement) which is operated by Winchester Oil & Gas S.A. The operator is responsible for selling the oil produced and then distribute to each partner's the net income generated by the field.

As mentioned above, the price risk is related to sales made by Winchester oil & Gas S.A. In 2011 the prise realised for the oil produce by Winchester Oil and GAS is linked to Brent adjusted by the Vasconia differential (Colombian market indicator) which is settled in the international markets in US Dollars. The market price of these commodities is subject to significant fluctuation but the Board did not consider appropriate to manage the Company's risk to such fluctuation through futures contracts or similar because to do so would not have been economic at the achieved production levels.

If the market prices of Brent adjusted by the Vasconia differential had fallen by 10% compared to actual prices during the year, with all other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the year would have been lower by US$170.112.

The Board will consider adopting a hedging policy when it deems it appropriate according to the size of the business and market implied volatility.

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Credit risk—concentration

The Company's credit risk relates mainly to accounts receivable where the credit risks correspond to the recognised values. There is not considered to be any significant risk.

Funding and liquidity risk

Liquidity risk represents the Company's inability to meet its short and long-term financial commitments. Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating activities including those activities through joint agreements with partners. The Company finance monitors rolling forecasts of the Company's liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs while maintaining sufficient headroom to fund the committed work programs of the Blocks. Producing Blocks combined low operating costs and the flexibility of a discretionary investment program that can be maintained, reduced or increased in the short term depending on the environment economic conditions.

Note 4 Accounting estimates and assumptions

Estimates and assumptions are used in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Although these estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events and actions, actual results may differ. Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The key estimates and assumptions used in these consolidated financial statements are noted below:

•
  The Company adopts an approach similar to the successful efforts method of accounting. Management makes assessments and estimates regarding whether an exploration property should continue to be carried forward as an exploration and evaluation asset not yet determined or when insufficient information exists for this type of cost to remain as an asset. In making this assessment the Management takes professional advice from qualified independent experts, such as petroleum reserve engineers.
•
  Cash flow estimates for impairment assessments require assumptions about two primary elements—future prices and oil and gas reserves. Estimates of future prices require significant judgments about highly uncertain future events. Historically, oil and gas prices have exhibited significant volatility. Our forecasts for oil and gas revenues are based on prices derived from future price forecasts amongst industry analysts and our own assessments. Our estimates of future cash flows are generally based on our assumptions of long-term prices and operating and development costs. Given the significant assumptions required and the possibility that actual conditions will differ, we consider the assessment of impairment to be a critical accounting estimate.

  The process of estimating reserves is complex. It requires significant judgements and decisions based on available geological, geophysical, engineering and economic data. The estimation of economically recoverable oil and natural gas reserves and related future net cash flows was performed based on internal estimations performed by the Company's technical team as of December 31, 2011, which incorporates many factors and assumptions including:

  •
    expected reservoir characteristics based on geological, geophysical and engineering assessments;
  •
    future production rates based on historical performance and expected future operating and investment activities;

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•
  future oil and gas prices and quality differentials;
•
  assumed effects of regulation by governmental agencies; and
•
  future development and operating costs.

|  | Management believes these factors and assumptions are reasonable based on the information available to us at the time we prepare our estimates. However, these estimates may change substantially as additional data from ongoing development activities and production performance becomes available and as economic conditions impacting oil and gas prices and costs change.

•
  Oil and gas assets held in property, plant and equipment are mainly depreciated on a unit of production basis at a rate calculated by reference to proven reserves.

Note 5 Consolidated statement of cash flow

The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow shows the Company's cash flows for the year for operating, investing and financing activities and the change in cash and cash equivalents during the year.

Cash flows from operating activities are computed from the results for the year adjusted for non-cash operating items, changes in net working capital, and corporation tax. Tax paid is presented as a separate item under operating activities.

During 2011, there were not any material non-cash transactions.

Cash and cash equivalents include liquid funds with a term of less than three months.

Note 6 Net revenue

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Crude oil |  |  | 4,560 |
|  |  | 4,560 |

Note 7 Production costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Depreciation |  |  | 374 |
Royalties |  |  | 248 |
Staff costs |  |  | 177 |
Consumables |  |  | 179 |
Rental equipment |  |  | 390 |
Other costs |  |  | 119 |
|  |  | 1,487 |

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Note 8 Depreciation

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Oil and gas properties |  |  | 232 |
Production facilities and machinery |  |  | 142 |
Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  |  | 3 |
|  |  | 377 |

Recognised as follows:

Production costs |  |  | 374 |
Administrative costs |  |  | 3 |
|  |  | 377 |

Note 9 Exploration costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts(a) |  |  | 1,469 |
|  |  | 1,469 |

(a) The charge corresponds to the write-off of exploration and evaluation assets related to the cost of seismic in Llanos 17 Block.

Note 10 Administrative costs

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Consultant fees |  |  | 62 |
Depreciation |  |  | 3 |
Other administrative costs |  |  | 14 |
|  |  | 79 |

Note 11 Selling expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Transportation |  |  | 422 |
|  |  | 422 |

Note 12 Financial expenses

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Bank charges and other financial costs |  |  | 39 |
Interest |  |  | 1 |
|  |  | 40 |

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Note 13 Income tax

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Current tax |  |  | (70 | )
Deferred income tax (Note 14) |  |  | (317 | )
|  |  | (387 | )

The tax on the Company's profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the weighted average tax rate applicable to profits of the consolidated entities as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Profit before income tax |  |  | 392 |
Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate |  |  | (129 | )
Non taxable results |  |  | (191 | )
Other |  |  | (67 | )
Income tax |  |  | (387 | )

Income tax rate in Colombia is 33%.

Tax regulations applicable to the Company's branch establish the following:

a. Taxable income is subject to a 33% income tax rate, except for those taxpayers that handle special rates.

b. The basis to compute income tax shall not be less than 3% of the taxpayer's net equity on the last day of the immediately preceding year.

c. Until taxable year 2010, and for those taxpayers that had a contract signed at December 31, 2012, the special deduction on effective investments made on real productive fixed assets is equivalent to 30% of the investment value and its use does not result in taxable income for the partners or shareholders. Taxpayers who acquire depreciable fixed assets as of January 1, 2007 and use the deduction mentioned herein, may only depreciate such assets by means of the straight-line method and are not entitled to the audit benefit, even when in compliance with the requirements set forth by tax regulations for such entitlement. Regarding the deduction applied in previous years, if the good over which the benefit applied is not used for the income producing activity or is sold or is written-off before the end of its useful life, it is necessary to include a proportional income for the remaining useful life, upon the sale or retirement. Law 1607 of 2012, derogated the regulation that allowed to sign judicial stability contracts as of taxable year 2013.

d. Tax losses generated as from 2007 may be offset, readjusted for tax purposes, against ordinary income at any time, without prejudice of the year's presumptive income. Tax losses generated by companies may not be transferred to their partners. Tax losses arisen from non-taxable income or occasional gains or from costs and deductions not cause-related to the generation of taxable income, in no case may be offset against the taxpayer's net taxable income.

e. As from 2004, income taxpayers having performed transactions with foreign related or affiliated parties and/or residents in countries considered as tax havens are obliged to determine, for income tax purposes, their ordinary and extraordinary revenues, costs and deductions, and assets and liabilities considering for these transactions the market prices and profit margins stated in the market.

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h. Law 1607 of December 2012, reduced to 25% the income tax rate for 2013 and created the "CREE" income tax for equality, which rate will be of 9% for 2013, 2014 and 2015, and as of 2016 the rate will be 8%. Except for the cases of special deductions, such as, offset losses and excess of presumptive income, benefits not applicable to CREE, the tax basis will be the same as the income tax base.

i. As set-forth by Article 25 of Law 1607 of December 2012, as of July 1, 2013, salary tax contributions made in favor of SENA and ICBF by income tax payers related with employees that individually receive up to ten (10) minimum monthly salaries, will be exempt of this contribution. This exoneration will not be applicable to the taxpayers not subject to the CREE tax.

At the date of the issuance of Consolidate Financial Statement, the Company's income tax returns for taxable years 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008 2010 are subject to review and acceptance by tax authorities. The Company's management and its tax advisors believe that the amounts recorded as tax liabilities are enough to cover any liability that may be established regarding those years.

Tax on equity

Law 1370 of 2009 established tax on equity for taxable year 2011, pursuant to which taxpayers which equity exceeds COP$5,000 million (US$ 2,573,738 aprox.) should pay a 4.8% tax rate, while for equities between COP$3,000 million (US$ 1,544,243 aprox.) and COP$5,000 million (US$ 2,573,738 aprox.) are subject to a 2.4% rate.

Moreover, Emergency Decree No. 4825 of December 2010 included a new range of taxpayers that will contribute to this tax, at a 1% rate, for equities between COP$1,000 million (US$514,748 aprox.) and COP$2,000 million (US$1,029,495 aprox.), and at a 1.4% rate for equities between COP$2,000 million (US$1,029,495 aprox.) and COP$3,000 million (US$ 1,544,243 aprox). Additionally, 25% surtax is levied on this tax, which is applicable only for taxpayers for the tax on equity under Law 1370 of 2009. At December 2011, the Company recognized for this concept in Other operating expenses of the Consolidated Income Statement US$654,988.

Note 14 Deferred income tax asset

The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax asset at January 1, 2011 |  |  | 3,062 |
Income statement charge |  |  | (317 | )
Deferred tax asset at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 2,745 |

The breakdown and movement of deferred tax balances as of December 31, 2011 is as follows:

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At the beginning |  | Charged to net profit |  | At end of year |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Deferred tax balances |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable losses and other |  |  | 323 |  |  | (323 | ) |  | — |
Participation agreement |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | (478 | ) |  | 1,283 |
Property, plant and equipment |  |  | 933 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 1,417 |
Other |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |
|  |  | 3,062 |  |  | (317 | ) |  | 2,745 |

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Note 15 Property, plant and equipment

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Oil & gas properties |  | Furniture, equipment and vehicles |  | Production facilities and machinery |  | Construction in progress |  | Exploration and evaluation assets |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cost at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 1,759 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 600 |  |  | — |  |  | 895 |  |  | 3,269 |
Additions |  |  | 453 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 1,781 |  |  | 2,340 |
Write-off |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,469 | ) |  | (1,469 | )
Cost at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 2,212 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 608 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | 4,140 |
Depreciation and write-down at December 31, 2010 |  |  | (1,351 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (82 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,444 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (232 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (142 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (377 | )
Depreciation and write-down at December 31, 2011 |  |  | (1,583 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (224 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,821 | )
Carrying amount at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 629 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 1,207 |  |  | 2,319 |

Note 16 Branch and joint agreement undertakings

Details of the branches and participation in joint agreements assets of the Company are set out below:

|  | Name and registered office |  | Ownership interest
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Branches |  | Sucursal La Luna Oil Co. Ltd. (Colombia) |  | 100%

Joint Agreements

Llanos 17 |  | 36.84%
Llanos 32 |  | 10.00%
Carupana |  | 10.67%

Note 17 Inventories

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Crude oil |  |  | 137 |
|  |  | 137 |

Note 18 Prepayments and other receivables

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Other receivables |  |  | 1,900 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 57 |
|  |  | 1,957 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 1,957 |
|  |  | 1,957 |

As of December 31, 2011, there are no balances aged by more than 3 months or due between 31 days and 90 days as of December 31, 2011.

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The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable. The Company does not hold any collateral as security.

The carrying value of accounts receivables is considered to represent a reasonable approximation of its fair value due to their short term nature.

Note 19 Financial instruments

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Loans and receivables 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Assets as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 4 |
Other receivables |  |  | 1,900 |
|  |  | 1,904 |

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Other financial liabilities / Amortized cost 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Liabilities as per statement of financial position |  |  |  |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 893 |
|  |  | 893 |

Credit quality of financial assets

The credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates:

Cash and cash equivalents |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Counterparties without an external credit rating |  |  | 4 |
|  |  | 4 |

Financial liabilities—contractual undiscounted cash flows

The table below analyses the Company's financial liabilities into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period at the balance sheet to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Less than 1 year |
--- | --- | --- | ---
At December 31, 2011 |  |  |  |
Trade payables and other debt |  |  | 893 |
|  |  | 893 |

Note 20 Share capital

Shares

The share capital of the company corresponds to 50,000 common shares.

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Note 21 Trade and other payables

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Trade payables |  |  | 2 |
Tax on equity and other debts to be paid |  |  | 488 |
To be paid to co-venturers |  |  | 377 |
Related parties—Winchester Oil & Gas |  |  | 26 |
|  |  | 893 |
Classified as follows: |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 893 |
|  |  | 893 |

The fair value of these short term financial instruments are not individually determined as the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

Note 22 Interests in joint operations

The Company has interests in four joint operations, which are involved in the exploration of hydrocarbons in Colombia.

The following amounts represent the Company's share in the assets, liabilities and results of the joint ventures which have been consolidated line by line in the consolidated statement of financial position and statement of income:

Joint operation |  | Llanos 17 Block |  | Carupana Block |  | Llanos 32 Block |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Interest |  |  | 36.84% |  |  | 10,67% |  |  | 10% |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PP&E / E&E |  |  | 21 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 1,121 |
Total Assets |  |  | 21 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 1,121 |
Sales |  |  | 4,560 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net profit / (loss) |  |  | 2,651 |  |  | (1,469 | ) |  | — |

Capital commitments related to the Llanos 17, Llanos 32 and Carupana Blocks are disclosed in Note 23 (a).

Note 23 Commitments

(a) Capital commitments

The Llanos 32 Block Consortium has committed to drill two exploratory wells in 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 2,450,000 at GeoPark's working interest (36.84%).

The Llanos 17 Block Consortium has committed to drill two exploratory wells in 2012 and perform 3D seismic between 2013 and 2014. The joint operation estimates that the remaining commitment amounts to US$ 2,450,000 at GeoPark's working interest (36.84%).

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Note 24 Related parties

Balances outstanding with related parties

Related Party and account |  | Relationship |  | Related party |  | 2011 current |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Co-venturers—Prepayments and other receivables |  | Joint operations |  | Joint Operations |  |  | 123 |
Related Parties—Prepayments and other receivables |  | Participations agreements |  | Winchester Oil & Gas |  |  | 1,777 |
Co-venturers—Trade payables and other |  | Joint operations |  | Joint Operations |  |  | 377 |
Related Parties—Trade payables and other |  | Participations agreements |  | Winchester Oil & Gas |  |  | 26 |

Note 25 Subsequent events

In February 2012 the Company was acquired by Geopark Luna S.A.S., a company dedicated to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons based in Colombia. Geopark Luna S.A.S. is an indirect subsidiary of Geopark Holdings Limited, a Bermuda oil and gas company. As a result of this transaction, Geopark Holdings Limited obtained the control over the Company as of the acquisition date.

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Hupecol Cuerva LLC

Consolidated financial statements

March 31, 2012 and for the period of three months then ended

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Hupecol Cuerva LLC
Consolidated financial statements
March 31, 2012 and for the period of three months then ended

Contents

Independent auditor's report |  |  | F-182 |
Consolidated financial statements |  |  |  |
Consolidated balance sheet |  |  | F-183 |
Consolidated statement of income |  |  | F-184 |
Consolidated statement of changes in members equity |  |  | F-185 |
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  |  | F-186 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |  |  | F-187 |

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Independent auditor's report

To the Board of Directors and Member of
Hupecol Cuerva LLC

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Hupecol Cuerva LLC and its subsidiary as of March 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statement of income, changes in members' equity and cash flow for the period of three months then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Hupecol Cuerva LLC and its subsidiary at March 31, 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flow for the period of three months then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.
Bogotá, Colombia
July 18, 2013

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Consolidated balance sheet
(Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
As of March 31, 2012

|  | Notes |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 4 |  |  | 927 |
Accounts and notes receivable |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4,402 |
Inventories |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7,406 |
Other accounts receivable |  |  | 7 |  |  | 6,833 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 19,568 |
NON-CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 8 |  |  | 15,024 |
Oil properties |  |  | 9 |  |  | 33,680 |
Deferred tax assets, net |  |  | 12 |  |  | 9,494 |
TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 58,198 |
TOTAL |  |  |  |  |  | 77,766 |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Suppliers |  |  | 10 |  |  | 7,302 |
Related parties payables |  |  | 20 |  |  | 9,767 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,430 |
Labor liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |
Taxes, liens and encumbrances |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,108 |
Accrued liabilities and provisions |  |  |  |  |  | 19 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 20,640 |
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued liabilities and provisions |  |  |  |  |  | 1,341 |
Asset retirement obligations |  |  | 13 |  |  | 3,990 |
TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 5,331 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 25,971 |
MEMBERS EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 51,787 |
TOTAL MEMBERS EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  | 51,795 |
TOTAL |  |  |  |  |  | 77,766 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated statement of income
(Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
For the period ended March 31, 2012

|  | Notes |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Oil revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 22,594 |
Operating costs |  |  | 14 |  |  | (13,421 | )
GROSS PROFITS |  |  |  |  |  | 9,173 |
Services—Related parties |  |  | 20 |  |  | (1,097 | )
General and administrative costs |  |  | 15 |  |  | (1,070 | )
Transportation costs |  |  | 16 |  |  | (4,149 | )
OPERATING LOSS |  |  |  |  |  | 2,857 |
Financial results, net |  |  |  |  |  | (332 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 17 |  |  | 481 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX |  |  |  |  |  | 3,006 |
Income tax |  |  | 12 |  |  | (1,331 | )
NET INCOME FOR THE PERIOD |  |  |  |  |  | 1,675 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated statement of changes in members equity
(Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
For the period ended March 31, 2012

|  | Units (See note 3) |  | Retained earnings |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 50,112 |  |  | 50,120 |
Net income for the period ended March 31, 2012 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 1,675 |
Balances at March 31, 2012 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 51,787 |  |  | 51,795 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated statement of cash flows
(Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
For the period ended March 31, 2012

Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Net income for the period |  |  | 1,675 |
Adjustments to reconcile the net income for the period with net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  |  |
Deferred income tax |  |  | 1,331 |
Amortization of oil properties |  |  | 3,946 |
Depreciation of properties and equipment |  |  | 807 |
Accretion of asset retirement obligations |  |  | 245 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable |  |  | 107 |
Inventories |  |  | 917 |
Other accounts receivable |  |  | (3,219 | )
Suppliers |  |  | 6,266 |
Accounts payables—Related parties |  |  | (7,634 | )
Accounts payables |  |  | 1,362 |
Labor liabilities |  |  | 14 |
Taxes, liens and encumbrances |  |  | (896 | )
Accrued liabilities and provisions |  |  | 89 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 5,010 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Acquisition of properties and equipment |  |  | (8,308 | )
Cash used in investment activities |  |  | (8,308 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (3,298 | )
Cash and cash equivalents beginning of the period |  |  | 4,225 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period |  |  | 927 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Hupecol Cuerva LLC
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars

Note 1. Description of the company

Hupecol Cuerva Holding LLC ("Hupecol") is a Delaware-based limited liability company, located in 1200 New Hampshire Ave N.W., Washington DC, incorporated on March 7, 1997, with a branch in Bogotá, Colombia. Hupecol Caracara LLC ("The Branch") was established on June 12, 1997 and its main activities are oriented to the exploration, development and production of oil, natural gas and other hydrocarbons in Colombia. This corporate purpose is expected to be developed through association contracts or other mechanisms allowed by Colombian laws. The Branch's life term is unlimited.

At March 31, 2012 the Company holds 100% ownership interest in Cuerva Block through an exploration and production contract signed between ANH "Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos" and its branch in Colombia.

At March 31, 2012 Company was under the control of Hupecol Cuerva Holding LLC.

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on July 18, 2013.

Note 2. Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of presentation / consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of Hupecol Cuerva LLC as of and for the period ended March 31, 2012 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America—"US GAAP". The purpose of these financial reports is to meet the reporting requirements of Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X according to the latest requirements of the parent Company, in connection with an initial public offering process. Considering the above mentioned special purposes, the comparative information regarding 2011 is not disclosed. The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars and all amounts are rounded to the nearest thousand (USD'000), except where otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in preparing the consolidated accounts.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.

2.1.1 Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and all the operations of its branch up to the Balance Sheet date.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between the Company and its branches are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of branches have

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been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Company.

2.2 Foreign currency translation

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Company's presentation currency.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The functional currency of the Company and its branches is the US Dollar.

2.3 Use of estimates

The presentation of financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the attached notes. Accordingly, management's estimates require the exercise of judgment. While management believes the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from the assumptions.

2.4 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include banks and corporations.

2.5 Accounts and notes receivable

Accounts and notes receivable are stated at net realizable value.

2.6 Inventories

Crude oil inventories are carried at the lower of current market value or cost. Inventory costs include expenditures and other charges (including depreciation) directly and indirectly incurred in bringing the inventory to its existing condition and location. The inventory cost is calculated by dividing the lifting cost between monthly production.

2.7 Properties, plant, equipment and depreciation

Properties, plant, and equipment are recorded at their historical cost, which includes financial expenses until the asset is put into operation.

Depreciation is calculated on the total acquisition cost using the straight-line method, based on the assets' useful lives.

Annual depreciation rates used are:

|  | % |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Office equipment |  |  | 10 |
Computer and communication equipment |  |  | 20 |

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2.8 Oil properties

The Company follows the successful efforts method of accounting for investments in exploration and production or development areas. Costs of productive wells and development dry holes are capitalized and amortized using the unit-of-production method.

Acquisition and exploration costs are capitalized until the time in which it is determined if exploration drilling was economically successful or not. If exploration drilling results are unsuccessful, all incurred costs are charged to expenses. When a project is approved for development, the accumulated acquisition and exploration costs are classified in the oil properties account.

Capitalized cost also includes assets retirement costs. Production and support equipment are accounted for at historical cost and are included in properties and equipment (Buildings, equipment, pipelines, networks and lines) and subject to depreciation under proven development reserves per field and royalty-free.

Oil properties and assets are depleted using the technical units-of-production method. The amortization charged to results is adjusted at the end of December, recalculating the DD&A (Depletion, Depreciation and Amortization) as of January 1 of the current year, based on the reserve study updated at the end of the current year made by the Company's technical team.

2.9 Deferred tax

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are provided if, after considering available evidence, it is not more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.

In addition, a deferred income tax asset resulted from the application of the provisions of ASC 740-10-25, Accounting for Acquired Temporary Differences in Certain Purchase Transactions, because this investment creates an additional tax deduction of 40% in 2009 and 30% in 2010.

2.10 Impairment of long-lived assets

Under US GAAP, in accordance with ASC 360-10, long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

As of March 31, 2012 no impairment charge has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

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2.11 Suppliers and accounts payable

Correspond to obligations incurred by the Company with third parties in order to comply with its corporate purpose.

2.12 Labor liabilities

Wages, salaries, bonuses, social security contributions, paid annual leaves and sick leaves are accrued during the period in which the associated services are rendered by the Branch's employees.

2.13 Financial instruments

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, receivables and payables, the nature of which is short-term.

Management's opinion is that the Company is not exposed to significant interest or credit risks arising from these financial instruments. The fair value of these financial instruments is approximate to their carrying values.

2.14 Revenue recognition

Revenue from crude oil is recognized at the time of transfer of title to the buyer, including its risks and benefits.

The Company has a sales agreement to sell its oil production to Hocol S.A. The price is based on the international price with reference to the mixed Vasconia crude oil as set forth in the sales contract.

2.15 Asset retirement obligations

For purposes of reporting, the Company follows the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143 Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations (ASC 410), as amended ASC 410 requires the Company to recognize a liability for the present value of all legal obligations associated with the retirement of tangible, long-lived assets as of the date the related asset was placed into service, and capitalize an equal amount as an additional cost of the asset. Each period the liability is accreted using the effective interest rate method. The accretion is included as an operating expense. The cost associated with the asset retirement is included in the computation of depreciation, depletion and amortization.

The Company provides for future asset retirement obligations on its oil properties based on estimates established by the current regulations. The asset retirement obligation is initially measured at fair value and capitalized to oil properties as an asset retirement cost. The asset retirement obligation accretes until the time the asset retirement obligation is expected to settle while the asset retirement cost is amortized over the useful life of the underlying oil properties.

The Company's asset retirement obligations primarily relate to the plugging, dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities in its oil and gas properties until the end of the exploration and production contracts.

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2.16 Income tax

Hupecol is a Limited Liability Company based in Delaware and is not subject to income taxes. Consequently, income taxes have been provided based on the tax laws and rates in effect in the countries in which the Company's operations are conducted and income is earned.

The Colombian Branch records a provision for income taxes using the "liability" method. The provision for the Branch income tax is calculated at the official rate of 33%, by the liability method, on the higher of presumptive income, alternative minimum taxable basis, or taxable income.

Advance tax payments and recoverable withholding taxes are offset against the estimated income tax liability.

2.17 Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in large reputable financial institutions. The Company's customer base consists primarily of large oil companies. Management believes the credit quality of its customers is generally high. The Company provides allowances for potential credit losses when necessary.

During the period ended March 31, 2012, approximately 99,9% of the Company revenues were obtained from one customer (Hocol S.A.).

Note 3. Members equity

At March 31, 2012, the authorized and issue share capital of the Company was 100 units. The units are identical in all respects.

The sole Member of the Company is GeoPark Llanos S.A.S.

Limitation on liability

The debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, shall be solely the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, and the Member and Manager of the Company shall not be obligated personally for any such debt, obligation or liability of the Company solely by reason of being the Member or Manager.

Note 4. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and equivalents at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Banks and corporations |  |  | 927 |
|  |  | 927 |

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Note 5. Accounts and notes receivable

Accounts and notes receivable at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Customers—Hocol S.A. |  |  | 4,402 |
|  |  | 4,402 |

Note 6. Inventories

Inventories at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Crude oil |  |  | 7,406 |
|  |  | 7,406 |

Note 7. Other accounts receivable

Other accounts receivable at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Tax refund security(1) |  |  | 49 |
Tax balances receivables |  |  | 6,784 |
|  |  | 6,833 |

(1) The tax refund security are used exclusively for the payment of VAT generated in Colombia.

Note 8. Properties, plant and equipment

Properties, plant, equipment and depreciation at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Construction in progress |  |  | 8,092 |
Buildings |  |  | 415 |
Properties and equipment |  |  | 8,309 |
Office equipment |  |  | 72 |
Computer and communication equipment |  |  | 70 |
Pipelines, networks and lines |  |  | 2,656 |
Properties and equipment in transit |  |  | 94 |
|  |  | 19,708 |
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and Amortization |  |  | (4,684 | )
|  |  | 15,024 |

Depreciation expenses totaled $807 for the period ended March 31, 2012.

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Note 9. Oil properties

Amortizable oil investments, net at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Oil properties(1) |  |  | 59,252 |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (28,073 | )
|  |  | 31,179 |
Assets retirement cost |  |  | 3,744 |
Accumulated amortization for facility abandonment cost |  |  | (1,243 | )
|  |  | 2,501 |
|  |  | 33,680 |

(1) They include a reduction for $5,662 related to the special deduction on effective investments made on real productive fixed assets equivalent to 30% in 2010 and 40% in 2009 of the investment value.

Amortization expenses totaled $3,946 for the period ended March 31, 2012.

Note 10. Suppliers

Suppliers at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Domestic suppliers |  |  | 7,302 |
|  |  | 7,302 |

Note 11. Accounts payables

Accounts payable at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Royalties |  |  | 1,379 |
Withholding tax |  |  | 39 |
Payroll withholding and contributions |  |  | 9 |
Other |  |  | 3 |
|  |  | 1,430 |

Note 12. Taxes, liens and encumbrances

Taxes, liens and encumbrances at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Sales (VAT) tax |  |  | 945 |
Tax on equity |  |  | 1,163 |
|  |  | 2,108 |

Tax regulations applicable to the Company's branch establish the following:

a.
  Taxable income is subject to a 33% income tax rate, except for those taxpayers that handle special rates.
b.
  The basis to compute the income tax shall not be less than 3% of the taxpayer's net equity on the last day of the immediately preceding year.

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c.
  Until taxable year 2010, and for those taxpayers having a contract signed at December 31, 2012, the special deduction on effective investments made on real productive fixed assets is equivalent to 30% of the investment value, and its use does not result in taxable income for partners or members. Taxpayers acquiring depreciable fixed assets as of January 1, 2007 and using the deduction mentioned herein may only depreciate such assets by means of the straight-line method and are not entitled to the audit benefit, even when being in compliance with the requirements set forth by tax regulations for such entitlement. Regarding the deduction applied in previous years, if the good over which the benefit applied is not used for the income producing activity or is sold or is written-off before the end of its useful life, it is necessary to include a proportional income for the remaining useful life, upon the sale or retirement. Act 1607 of 2012, derogated the regulation that allowed signing judicial stability contracts as of taxable year 2013.
d.
  At March 31, 2012, the Company showed tax loss carry forwards for $7,842,962 generated in 2010. According to the regulations, tax losses generated as from 2007 may be offset, readjusted for tax purposes, against ordinary income at any time, without prejudice to the year's presumptive income. Tax losses generated by companies may not be transferred to their partners. Tax losses arisen from non-taxable income or occasional gains or from costs and deductions not cause-related to the generation of taxable income, in no case may be offset against the taxpayer's net taxable income.
  Maturity of tax losses and excess of presumptive over ordinary income are as follows:

Expiration date |  | Tax losses |
No expiration date |  |  | 7,842,962 |
|  |  | 7,842,962 |

e.
  As from 2004, income taxpayers having performed transactions with foreign related or affiliated parties and/or residents in countries considered as tax havens are obliged to determine, for income tax purposes, their ordinary and extraordinary revenues, costs and deductions, and assets and liabilities considering for these transactions the market prices and profit margins.
f.
  Law 1607 of December 2012, reduced to 25% the income tax rate for 2013 and created the "CREE" income tax for equality, the rate of which will be of 9% for 2013, 2014 and 2015, and as of 2016 the rate will be 8%. Except for the cases of special deductions, such as offset losses and excesses of presumptive income, benefits that are not applicable to CREE, the tax basis will be the same as the income tax base.
g.
  As set-forth by Article 25 of Law 1607 of December 2012, as of July 1, 2013, payroll contributions made by income taxpayers related to employees that individually receive up to ten (10) minimum monthly salaries, will be exempt of this contribution. This exoneration will not be applicable to the taxpayers not subject to the CREE tax.

  The Company's income tax returns for taxable years 2011 and 2012 are subject to review and acceptance by tax authorities. The Company's management and its tax advisors believe that the amounts recorded as tax liabilities are enough to cover any liability that may be established regarding those years.

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Tax on equity

Act 1370 of 2009 established tax on equity for taxable year 2011, pursuant to which taxpayers which equity exceeding COP5,000 million should pay a 4.8% tax rate, while for equities between COP3,000 million and COP5,000 million are subject to a 2.4% rate.

Moreover, Emergency Decree No. 4825 of December 2010 included a new range of taxpayers that will contribute to this tax, at a 1% rate, for equities between COP1,000 million and COP2,000 million, and at a 1.4% rate for equities between COP2,000 million and COP3,000 million. Additionally, 25% surtax is levied on this tax, which is applicable only for taxpayers for the tax on equity under Act 1370 of 2009.

The components of the income tax expense were as follows:

Deferred |  |  | (1,331 | )
Total |  |  | (1,331 | )

The tax effects of temporary differences giving rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

Deferred tax assets |  |  |  |
Properties and equipment |  |  | 7,945 |
Carry forward losses |  |  | 2,698 |
Asset retirement obligations |  |  | 1,124 |
Inventory |  |  | 447 |
Total long-term tax assets |  |  | 12,214 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  | (2,695 | )
Other |  |  | (25 | )
Total long-term deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (2,720 | )
Deferred tax, net |  |  | 9,494 |

A reconciliation between the statutory tax rates and the actual tax rate is summarized as follows:

Income before income tax |  |  | 3,006 |
Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate |  |  | 992 |
Non taxable results |  |  | 60 |
Other |  |  | 279 |
Income tax |  |  | 1,331 |

Note 13. Asset retirement obligations

Asset retirement obligations at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Balance at the beginning of the period |  |  | 3,221 |
Revisions(1) |  |  | 524 |
Accretion |  |  | 245 |
Balance at the end of the period |  |  | 3,990 |

(1) Includes upgrades for estimated cash flow, changes in estimates and new wells.

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Note 14. Operating costs

Operating costs during the period ended March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Amortization and depreciation |  |  | 4,778 |
Royalties |  |  | 2,748 |
Consumables |  |  | 1,217 |
Operating & Maintenance |  |  | 1,129 |
Transportation |  |  | 658 |
Rental equipment |  |  | 448 |
Services |  |  | 396 |
Well maintenance |  |  | 381 |
Safety |  |  | 227 |
Field camp |  |  | 120 |
Other |  |  | 1,319 |
|  |  | 13,421 |

Note 15. General and administrative costs

General and administrative costs during the period ended March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Fees |  |  | 281 |
Rentals |  |  | 64 |
Services |  |  | 44 |
Travel expenses |  |  | 35 |
Legal expenses |  |  | 31 |
Personal expenses |  |  | 30 |
Depreciation |  |  | 25 |
Maintenance and repairs |  |  | 10 |
Taxes |  |  | 7 |
Other |  |  | 543 |
|  |  | 1,070 |

Note 16. Transportation costs

Transportation costs during the period ended March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Transportation costs |  |  | 4,149 |
|  |  | 4,149 |

Note 17. Other income, net

Other income, net during the period ended March 31, 2012 includes the recovery of cost related to transportation costs for $298.

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Note 18. New accounting pronouncements not yet applied

In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-04, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in US GAAP and IFRS." This update clarifies the application of certain existing fair value measurement guidance and expands the disclosures for fair value measurements that are estimated using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs. This update is effective for the Company for periods beginning January 1, 2012. The Company's adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-11- "Balance Sheet (Topic 210)". This update was issued to enhance disclosures about amounts of financial and derivative instruments recognized in the statement of financial position that are either (i) offset or (ii) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset. The scope of the update includes derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements. This update is effective for the Company for annual and interim periods beginning January 1, 2013, and is applicable retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this additional disclosure requirement.

Note 19. Commitments

The Cuerva Block has committed to drill 2 exploratory wells between 2012 and 2013 corresponding to the fourth and fifth exploratory phases. During 2012 and 2013, the commitments were fulfilled.

The Cuerva Block has committed to drill 1 exploratory well between 2013 and 2014 corresponding to the sixth exploratory phase. During 2013, the commitment was fulfilled.

The Llanos 62 Block (Note 20) has committed to drill 2 exploratory wells before august 2014 corresponding to the first exploratory phases.

Note 20. Related parties

Accounts payable to related parties at March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Hupecol Operating Co LLC (group company) |  |  | 9,767 |
|  |  | 9,767 |

Transactions with the related party during the period ended March 31, 2012 were comprised by:

Hupecol Operating Co LLC Services(1) |  |  | 1,097 |
Total |  |  | 1,097 |

(1) It corresponds to mandate contract fees.

At March 31, 2012 the Company did not receive revenues from related parties.

Note 21. Subsequent events

In March 2012, the company was acquired by Geopark Llanos SAS, a company dedicated to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons based in Colombia. Geopark Llanos SAS is an indirect subsidiary of

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Geopark Holdings Limited, a Bermuda oil and gas company. As a result of this transaction, Geopark Holdings Limited obtained the control over the Company as of the acquisition date.

During 2012, the Company and its branch changed their name to Geopark Cuerva LLC and Geopark Cuerva LLC Sucursal Colombia, respectively.

On October 3, 2012, Hupecol Operating LLC ceded 100% of the interests, rights and obligations in Llanos 62 Block to Geopark Cuerva LLC

Subsequent events have been evaluated until the date of the issuance of the financial statement, which is July 18, 2013.

Supplemental information on oil and gas activities (Unaudited)

The following information is presented in accordance with ASC No. 932 "Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas", as amended by ASU 2010—03 "Oil and Gas Reserves. Estimation and Disclosures", issued by FASB in January 2010 in order to align the current estimation and disclosure requirements with the requirements set in the SEC final rules and interpretations, published on December 31, 2008. This information includes the Company's oil production activities carried out in Colombia

Table 1—Costs incurred in exploration and development

The following table presents those costs capitalized as well as expensed that were incurred during the three month period then ended at March 31, 2012. Exploration costs include geological and geophysical costs, costs necessary for retaining undeveloped properties, drilling costs and exploratory well equipment. Development costs include drilling costs and equipment for developmental wells, the construction of facilities for extraction, treatment and storage of hydrocarbons and all necessary costs to maintain facilities for the existing developed reserves.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
For the period ended March 31, 2012 |  |  |  |
Exploration |  |  | 514 |
Development(1) |  |  | 7,421 |
Total costs incurred |  |  | 7,935 |

(1) Includes capitalized amounts related to asset retirement obligations.

Table 2—Capitalized costs relating to oil and gas producing activities

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
For the period ended March 31, 2012 |  |  |  |
Proved properties |  |  |  |
Equipment, camps and other facilities |  |  | 11,616 |
Oil properties |  |  | 62,996 |
Other uncompleted projects |  |  | 8.092 |
Gross capitalised costs |  |  | 82,704 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(1) |  |  | (34,000 | )
Total net capitalised costs |  |  | 48,704 |

(1) Includes the amortization related to asset retirement obligations.

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At March 31, 2012 the Company has not exploratory wells in suspend for more than a year.

Table 3—Results of operations for oil producing activities

The breakdown of results of the operations shown below summarizes revenues and expenses directly associated with oil and gas producing activities for the year ended 31 March 2012. Income tax for the years presented was calculated utilizing the statutory tax rates.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
For the period ended March 31, 2012 |  |  |  |
Net revenue |  |  | 22,605 |
Production costs |  |  |  |
Operating costs |  |  | (5,895 | )
Royalties |  |  | (2,748 | )
Total production costs |  |  | (8,643 | )
Accretion expense |  |  | (245 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | (4,778 | )
Results of operations before income tax |  |  | 8,939 |
Income tax |  |  | (2,950 | )
Results of oil and gas operations |  |  | 5,989 |

Table 4—Reserve quantity information

Proved reserves represent estimated quantities of oil (including crude oil and condensate), which available geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved developed reserves are proved reserves that can reasonably be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. The choice of method or combination of methods employed in the analysis of each reservoir was determined by the stage of development, quality and reliability of basic data, and production history.

The Company believes that its estimates of remaining proved recoverable oil reserve volumes are reasonable and such estimates have been prepared in accordance with the SEC Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting rules, which were issued by the SEC at the end of 2008.

Reserves engineering is a subjective process of estimation of hydrocarbon accumulation, which cannot be accurately measured, and the reserve estimation depends on the quality of available information and the interpretation and judgment of the engineers and geologists. Therefore, the reserves estimations, as well as future production profiles, are often different than the quantities of hydrocarbons which are finally recovered. The accuracy of such estimations depends, in general, on the assumptions on which they are based.

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The Company estimated net proved reserves for the properties evaluated as of 31 March 2012 and 1 January 2012 are summarised as follows, expressed in thousands of barrels (Mbbl):

|  | Oil (Mbbl) |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Net proved development and undevelopment reserves as of January 1, 2011(1) |  |  | 2,449 |
Decrease attributable to: |  |  |  |
Production |  |  | (178 | )
Net proved development and undevelopment reserves as of March 31, 2012 |  |  | 2,271 |
Net proved developed |  |  | 795 |
Net proved undeveloped |  |  | 1,476 |
Total reserves |  |  | 2,271 |

(1) Includes net proved development reserves for 973 Mbbl and net proved undeveloped for 1,476 Mbbl.

Table 5—Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil reserves

The following table discloses estimated future net cash flows from future production of proved developed and undeveloped reserves of crude oil, As prescribed by SEC Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting rules and ASC 932 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) relating to Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas (formerly SFAS no. 69 Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities), such future net cash flows were estimated using the average first day- of-the-month price during the 12-month period for 2011 and using a 10% annual discount factor. Future development and abandonment costs include estimated drilling costs, development and exploitation installations and abandonment costs. These future development costs were estimated based on evaluations made by the Company. The future income tax was calculated by applying the statutory tax rates.

This standardized measure is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as an estimate of the market value of the Company's reserves. The purpose of this information is to give standardized data to help the users of the financial statements to compare different companies and make certain projections. It is important to point out that this information does not include, among other items, the effect of future changes in prices, costs and tax rates, which past experience indicates that are likely to occur, as well as the effect of future cash flows from reserves which have not yet been classified as proved reserves, of a discount factor more representative of the value of money over the lapse of time and of the risks inherent to the production of oil and gas. These future changes may have a significant impact on the future net cash flows disclosed below. For all these reasons, this information does not necessarily indicate the perception the Company has on the discounted future net cash flows derived from the reserves of hydrocarbons.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At 31 March 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Future cash inflows |  |  | 198,853 |
Future production and development costs |  |  | (125,715 | )
Future income taxes |  |  | (28,700 | )
Undiscounted future net cash flows |  |  | 44,438 |
10% annual discount |  |  | (5,821 | )
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows |  |  | 38,617 |

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Changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Present value at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 39.569 |
Sales of hydrocarbon, net of production cost |  |  | 7.394 |
Net changes in sales price and production cost |  |  | 5.587 |
Net changes in income tax |  |  | 707 |
Accretion of discount |  |  | 143 |
Other changes |  |  | 5 |
Present value at March 31, 2012 |  |  | 38.617 |

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Hupecol Cuerva LLC

Consolidated financial statements

December 31, 2011 and for the year then ended

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Hupecol Cuerva LLC
Consolidated financial statements
December 31, 2011 and for the year then ended

Contents

Independent auditor's report |  | F-204
Consolidated financial statements |  |
Consolidated balance sheet |  | F-205
Consolidated statement of income |  | F-206
Consolidated statement of changes in members' equity |  | F-207
Consolidated statement of cash flow |  | F-208
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |  | F-209

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Independent auditor's report

To the Board of Directors and Member of
Hupecol Cuerva LLC

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Hupecol Cuerva LLC and its subsidiary as of December 31, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in members' equity and cash flow for the year then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Hupecol Cuerva LLC and its subsidiary at December 31, 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flow for the year then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda.
Bogotá, Colombia
July 18, 2013

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Consolidated balance sheet
(Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
As of December 31, 2011

|  | Notes |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4,154 |
Accounts and notes receivable |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4,509 |
Inventories |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8,323 |
Other accounts receivable |  |  | 7 |  |  | 3,685 |
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 20,671 |
NON-CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 8 |  |  | 7,920 |
Oil properties |  |  | 9 |  |  | 36,705 |
Deferred tax assets, net |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10,829 |
TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  | 55,454 |
TOTAL |  |  |  |  |  | 76,125 |
LIABILITIES AND MEMBERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Suppliers |  |  |  |  |  | 1,036 |
Related parties payables |  |  | 20 |  |  | 17,401 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 10 |  |  | 68 |
Taxes, liens and encumbrances |  |  | 11 |  |  | 3,008 |
Accrued liabilities and provisions |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 21,531 |
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset retirement obligations |  |  | 12 |  |  | 3,221 |
Accrued liabilities and provisions |  |  |  |  |  | 1,253 |
TOTAL NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 4,474 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  | 26,005 |
MEMBERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Units |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  | 50,112 |
TOTAL MEMBERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  | 50,120 |
TOTAL |  |  |  |  |  | 76,125 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated statement of income
(Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
For the year ended December 31, 2011

|  | Notes |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Oil revenues |  |  |  |  |  | 72,198 |
Operating costs |  |  | 13 |  |  | (35,052 | )
GROSS PROFITS |  |  |  |  |  | 37,146 |
Services—Related parties |  |  | 20 |  |  | (3,454 | )
General and administrative costs |  |  | 14 |  |  | (4,563 | )
Transportation costs |  |  | 15 |  |  | (17,603 | )
Exploration costs |  |  | 16 |  |  | (13,832 | )
OPERATING LOSS |  |  |  |  |  | (2,306 | )
Financial results, net |  |  |  |  |  | (762 | )
Other income, net |  |  | 17 |  |  | 7,481 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX |  |  |  |  |  | 4,413 |
Income tax |  |  | 11 |  |  | (348 | )
NET INCOME FOR THE YEAR |  |  |  |  |  | 4,065 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated statement of changes in members' equity
(Amount expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
For the year ended December 31,2011

|  | Units (See note 3) |  | Retained earnings |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balances at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 46,047 |  |  | 46,055 |
Net income for the year ended December 31, 2011 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,065 |  |  | 4,065 |
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 50,112 |  |  | 50,120 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements

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Consolidated statement of cash flows
(Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars)
For the year ended December 31, 2011

Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |
Net income for the year |  |  | 4,065 |
Adjustments to reconcile the net income for the year with net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  |  |
Deferred income tax |  |  | (588 | )
Depreciation of properties and equipment |  |  | 3,321 |
Amortization of oil properties |  |  | 15,166 |
Write-off of unsuccessful efforts |  |  | 13,832 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable |  |  | 398 |
Inventories |  |  | (6,935 | )
Other accounts receivable |  |  | (1,787 | )
Suppliers |  |  | 875 |
Accounts payables with related parties |  |  | 13,612 |
Accounts payables |  |  | (20,264 | )
Taxes, liens and encumbrances |  |  | (3,396 | )
Accrued liabilities and provisions |  |  | 20 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 18,319 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |
Acquisition of properties and equipment |  |  | (39,214 | )
Cash used in investment activities |  |  | (39,214 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (20,895 | )
Cash and cash equivalents beginning of the year |  |  | 25,049 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year |  |  | 4,154 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Hupecol Cuerva LLC
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Amounts expressed in thousands of US Dollars

Note 1. Description of the Company

Hupecol Cuerva Holding LLC ("Hupecol") is a Delaware-based limited liability company, located in 1200 New Hampshire Ave N.W., Washington DC, incorporated on March 7, 1997, with a branch in Bogotá, Colombia. Hupecol Caracara LLC ("The Branch") was established on June 12, 1997 and its main activities are oriented to the exploration, development and production of oil, natural gas and other hydrocarbons in Colombia. This corporate purpose is expected to be developed through association contracts or other mechanisms allowed by Colombian laws. The Branch's life term is unlimited.

At December 31, 2011 the Company holds 100% ownership interest in Cuerva Block through an exploration and production contract signed between ANH "Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos" and its branch in Colombia.

At December 31, 2011 Company was under the control of Hupecol Cuerva Holding LLC.

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on July 18, 2013.

Note 2. Summary of significant accounting policies

2.1 Basis of presentation / consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of Hupecol Cuerva LLC as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America—"US GAAP". The purpose of these financial reports is to meet the reporting requirements of Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X according to the latest requirements of the parent Company, in connection with an initial public offering process. Considering the mentioned special purposes, the comparative information regarding 2010 is not disclosed. The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars and all amounts are rounded to the nearest thousand (USD'000), except where otherwise indicated. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies.

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.

2.1.1 Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include those of the Company and all the operations of its branch up to the Balance Sheet date.

Intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains on transactions between the Company and its branches are eliminated. Unrealized losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Amounts reported in the financial statements of branches have

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been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the accounting policies adopted by the Company.

2.2 Foreign currency translation

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars, which is the Company's presentation currency.

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Company's entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the "functional currency"). The functional currency of the Company and its branches is the US Dollar.

2.3 Use of estimates

The presentation of financial statements in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the attached notes. Accordingly, management?s estimates require the exercise of judgment. While management believes the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from the assumptions.

2.4 Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include banks and corporations.

2.5 Accounts and notes receivable

Accounts and notes receivable are stated at net realizable value.

2.6 Inventories

Crude oil inventories are carried at the lower of current market value or cost. Inventory costs include expenditures and other charges (including depreciation) directly and indirectly incurred in bringing the inventory to its existing condition and location. The inventory cost is calculated by dividing the lifting cost between monthly production.

2.7 Properties, plant and equipment

Properties and equipment are recorded at their historical cost, which includes financial expenses until the asset is put into operation.

Depreciation is calculated on the total acquisition cost using the straight-line method, based on the assets' useful lives.

Annual depreciation rates used are:

|  | % |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Office equipment |  |  | 10 |
Computer and communication equipment |  |  | 20 |

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2.8 Oil properties

The Company follows the successful efforts method of accounting for investments in exploration and production or development areas. Costs of productive wells and development dry holes are capitalized and amortized using the unit-of-production method.

Acquisition and exploration costs are capitalized until the time in which it is determined if exploration drilling was economically successful or not. If exploration drilling results are unsuccessful, all incurred costs are charged to expenses. When a project is approved for development, the accumulated acquisition and exploration costs are classified in the oil properties account.

Capitalized costs also include assets retirement costs. Production and support equipment are accounted for at historical cost and are included in properties and equipment (Buildings, equipment, pipelines, networks and lines) and subject to depreciation under proven development reserves per field and royalty-free.

Oil properties and assets are depleted using the technical units-of-production method. The amortization charged to results is adjusted at the end of December, recalculating the DD&A (Depletion, Depreciation and Amortization) as of January 1 of the current year, based on the reserve study updated at the end of the current year made by the Company's technical team.

2.9 Deferred tax

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carry forwards are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are provided if, after considering available evidence, it is not more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.

In addition, a deferred income tax asset resulted from the application of the provisions of ASC 740-10-25, Accounting for Acquired Temporary Differences in Certain Purchase Transactions, because this investment creates an additional tax deduction of 40% in 2009 and 30% in 2010.

2.10 Impairment of long-lived assets

Under US GAAP, in accordance with ASC 360-10, long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset to be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset to the carrying value of the asset. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals, as considered necessary.

As of December 31, 2011 no impairment charge has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

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2.11 Suppliers and accounts payable

Correspond to obligations incurred by the Company with third parties in order to comply with its corporate purpose.

2.12 Financial instruments

Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, receivables and payables the nature of which is short-term.

Management's opinion is that the Company is not exposed to significant interest or credit risks arising from these financial instruments. The fair value of these financial instruments is approximate to their carrying values.

2.13 Revenue recognition

Revenue from crude oil is recognized at the time of transfer of title to the buyer, including its risks and benefits.

The Company has a sales agreement to sell its oil production to Hocol S.A. The price is based on the international price with reference to the mixed Vasconia crude oil as set forth in the sales contract.

2.14 Asset retirement obligations

For purposes of reporting, the Company follows the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143 Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations (ASC 410), as amended ASC 410 requires the Company to recognize a liability for the present value of all legal obligations associated with the retirement of tangible, long—lived assets as of the date the related asset was placed into service, and capitalize an equal amount as an additional cost of the asset. Each period the liability is accreted using the effective interest rate method. The accretion is included as an operating expense. The cost associated with the asset retirement is included in the computation of depreciation, depletion and amortization.

The Company provides for future asset retirement obligations on its oil properties based on estimates established by the current regulations. The asset retirement obligation is initially measured at fair value and capitalized to oil properties as an asset retirement cost. The asset retirement obligation accretes until the time the asset retirement obligation is expected to settle while the asset retirement cost is amortized over the useful life of the underlying oil properties.

The Company's asset retirement obligations primarily relate to the plugging, dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities in its oil and gas properties until the end of the exploration and production contracts.

2.15 Income tax

Hupecol is a Limited Liability Company based in Delaware and is not subject to income taxes. Consequently, income taxes have been provided based on the tax laws and rates in effect in the countries in which the Company's operations are conducted and income is earned.

The Colombian Branch records a provision for income taxes using the "liability" method. The provision for the Branch income tax is calculated at the official rate of 33%, by the liability method, on the higher of presumptive income, alternative minimum taxable basis, or taxable income.

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Advance tax payments and recoverable withholding taxes are offset against the estimated income tax liability.

2.16 Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade receivables. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in large reputable financial institutions. The Company's customer base consists primarily of large oil companies. Management believes the credit quality of its customers is generally high. The Company provides allowances for potential credit losses when necessary.

During the years ended December 31, 2011, approximately 99,9% of the Company revenues were obtained from one customer (Hocol S.A.).

Note 3. Members' equity

At December 31, 2011, the authorized and issue share capital of the Company was 100 units. The units are identical in all respects.

The sole Member of the Company is GeoPark Llanos S.A.S.

Limitation on liability

The debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, shall be solely the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, and the Member and Manager of the Company shall not be obligated personally for any such debt, obligation or liability of the Company solely by reason of being the Member or Manager.

Note 4. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and equivalents at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Banks and corporations |  |  | 4,154 |
|  |  | 4,154 |

Note 5. Accounts and notes receivable

Accounts and notes receivable at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Customers—Hocol S.A. |  |  | 4,493 |
Other |  |  | 16 |
|  |  | 4,509 |

Note 6. Inventories

Inventories at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Crude oil |  |  | 8,323 |
|  |  | 8,323 |

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Note 7. Other accounts receivable

Other accounts receivable at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Tax refund security(1) |  |  | 71 |
Tax balances receivables |  |  | 3,614 |
|  |  | 3,685 |

(1) The tax refund security are used exclusively for the payment of VAT generated in Colombia.

Note 8. Properties, plant, equipment and depreciation

Properties, plant, equipment and depreciation at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Buildings |  |  | 415 |
Properties, plant and equipment |  |  | 8,589 |
Office equipment |  |  | 67 |
Computer and communication equipment |  |  | 69 |
Pipelines, networks and lines |  |  | 2,657 |
|  |  | 11,797 |
Accumulated depreciation, depletion and Amortization |  |  | (3,877 | )
|  |  | 7,920 |

Depreciation expense totaled $3,321 for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Note 9. Oil properties

Amortizable oil investments, net at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Oil properties(1) |  |  | 58,854 |
Accumulated amortization |  |  | (24,423 | )
|  |  | 34,431 |
Assets retirement cost |  |  | 3,221 |
Accumulated amortization for facility abandonment cost |  |  | (947 | )
|  |  | 2,274 |
|  |  | 36,705 |

(1) They include a reduction for $5,662 related to the special deduction on effective investments made on real productive fixed assets equivalent to 30% in 2010 and 40% in 2009 of the investment value.

Amortization expenses totaled $15,166 for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Note 10. Accounts payable

Accounts payable at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Withholding tax |  |  | 57 |
Other |  |  | 11 |
|  |  | 68 |

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Note 11. Taxes, liens and encumbrances

Taxes, liens and encumbrances at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Sales (VAT) tax |  |  | 1,845 |
Tax on equity |  |  | 1,163 |
|  |  | 3,008 |

Tax regulations applicable to the Company?s branch establish the following:

a.
  Taxable income is subject to a 33% income tax rate, except for those taxpayers that handle special rates.
b.
  The basis to compute the income tax shall not be less than 3% of the taxpayer's net equity on the last day of the immediately preceding year.
c.
  Until taxable year 2010, and for those taxpayers having a contract signed at December 31, 2012, the special deduction on effective investments made on real productive fixed assets is equivalent to 30% of the investment value and its use does not result in taxable income for partners or members. Taxpayers acquiring depreciable fixed assets as of January 1, 2007 and using the deduction mentioned herein, may only depreciate such assets by means of the straight-line method and are not entitled to the audit benefit, even when being in compliance with the requirements set forth by tax regulations for such entitlement. Regarding the deduction applied in previous years, if the good over which the benefit applied is not used for the income producing activity or is sold or is written-off before the end of its useful life, it is necessary to include a proportional income for the remaining useful life, upon the sale or retirement. Act 1607 of 2012 derogated the regulation that allowed signing juridical stability contracts as of taxable year 2013.
d.
  At December 31, 2011, the Branch showed tax loss carry forwards for $7,842,962 generated in 2010. According to the regulations, tax losses generated as from 2007 may be offset, readjusted for tax purposes, against ordinary income at any time, without prejudice to the year's presumptive income. Tax losses generated by companies may not be transferred to their partners. Tax losses arisen from non-taxable income or occasional gains or from costs and deductions not cause-related to the generation of taxable income, in no case may be offset against the taxpayer's net taxable income.
  Maturity of tax losses and excess of presumptive over ordinary income are as follows:

Expiration date |  | Tax losses |
No expiration date |  |  | 7,842,962 |
|  |  | 7,842,962 |

e.
  As from 2004, income taxpayers having performed transactions with foreign related or affiliated parties and/or residents in countries considered as tax havens are obliged to determine, for income tax purposes, their ordinary and extraordinary revenues, costs and deductions, and assets and liabilities considering for these transactions the market prices and profit margins.
f.
  Law 1607 of December 2012, reduced to 25% the income tax rate for 2013 and created the "CREE" income tax for equality, the rate of which will be of 9% for 2013, 2014 and 2015, and as of 2016 the

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rate will be 8%. Except for the cases of special deductions, such as offset losses and excesses of presumptive income, benefits that are not applicable to CREE, the tax basis will be the same as the income tax base.

g.
  As set-forth by Article 25 of Law 1607 of December 2012, as of July 1, 2013, payroll contributions made by income taxpayers related to employees that individually receive up to ten (10) minimum monthly salaries, will be exempt of this contribution. This exoneration will not be applicable to the taxpayers not subject to the CREE tax.

  The Company's income tax returns for taxable years 2011 and 2010 are subject to review and acceptance by tax authorities. The Company's management and its tax advisors believe that the amounts recorded as tax liabilities are enough to cover any liability that may be established regarding those years.

Tax on equity

Act 1370 of 2009 established tax on equity for taxable year 2011, pursuant to which taxpayers which equity exceeds COP5,000 million (aprox. US$2,573,738) should pay a 4.8% tax rate, while for equities between COP3,000 million (aprox. US$ 1,544,243) and COP5,000 million (aprox. US$2,573,738) are subject to a 2.4% rate.

Moreover, Emergency Decree No. 4825 of December 2010 included a new range of taxpayers that will contribute to this tax, at a 1% rate, for equities between COP1,000 million (aprox. US$514,748) and COP2,000 million (aprox. US$1,029,495), and at a 1.4% rate for equities between COP2,000 million (aprox. US$1,029,495) and COP3,000 million (aprox. US$1,544,243). Additionally, 25% surtax is levied on this tax, which is applicable only for taxpayers for the tax on equity under Act 1370 of 2009.

The components of the income tax expense were as follows:

Current |  |  | 240 |
Deferred |  |  | (588 | )
Total |  |  | (348 | )

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

Deferred tax assets |  |  |  |
Properties and equipment |  |  | 9,537 |
Carry forward losses |  |  | 2,489 |
Asset retirement obligations |  |  | 1,023 |
Inventory |  |  | 373 |
Total long-term tax assets |  |  | 13,422 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  | (2,593 | )
Total long-term deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (2,593 | )
Deferred tax, net |  |  | (10,829 | )

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A reconciliation between the statutory tax rates and the actual tax rate is summarized as follows:

Profit before income tax |  |  | 4,413 |
Income tax calculated at statutory tax rate |  |  | 1,456 |
Non taxable results |  |  | (530 | )
Foreign exchange |  |  | (176 | )
Other |  |  | (402 | )
Income tax |  |  | 348 |

Note 12. Asset retirement obligations

Asset retirement obligations at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Balance, at beginning of year |  |  | 2,013 |
Revisions(1) |  |  | 1,208 |
Balance, at end of year |  |  | 3,221 |

(1) Includes upgrades for estimated cash flow, changes in estimates and new wells.

Note 13. Operating costs

Operating costs during the year ended December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Amortization and depreciation |  |  | 18,467 |
Royalties |  |  | 4,968 |
Consumables |  |  | 3,935 |
Operating & Maintenance |  |  | 2,900 |
Rental equipment |  |  | 2,118 |
Transportation |  |  | 1,610 |
Other |  |  | 1,054 |
|  |  | 35,052 |

Note 14. General and administrative costs

General and administrative costs during the year ended December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Fees |  |  | 1,330 |
Taxes |  |  | 1,344 |
Miscellaneous |  |  | 687 |
Rentals |  |  | 268 |
Services |  |  | 260 |
Travel expenses |  |  | 105 |
Legal expenses |  |  | 87 |
Maintenance and repairs |  |  | 79 |
Contributions and affiliations |  |  | 41 |
Insurance policies |  |  | 46 |
Depreciation |  |  | 20 |
Adaptation and installation |  |  | 3 |
Provisions |  |  | 293 |
|  |  | 4,563 |

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Note 15. Transportation costs

Transportation costs during the year ended December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Transportation cost |  |  | 17,603 |
|  |  | 17,603 |

Note 16. Exploration costs

Exploration costs during the year ended December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Exploration of dry holes |  |  | 13,832 |
|  |  | 13,832 |

The charge corresponds to the write-off of exploration and evaluation assets related to the wells No. 3, No. 11, No. 12, No. 13, No. 14, and No. 16.

Note 17. Other income, net

Other income, net, during the year ended December 31, 2011, was comprised by:

Income |  |  |  |
Other(1) |  |  | 9,029 |
|  |  | 9,029 |
Expenses |  |  |  |
Translation adjustment |  |  | (1,315 | )
Other |  |  | (233 | )
|  |  | (1,548 | )
|  |  | 7,481 |

(1) It corresponds to tax remittances for $5,715 made in 2004, 2005 and 2006, which completed the five-year period established by current regulations. It also includes the recovery of provisions related to the arbitration with Ecopetrol S.A. in the Caracara Association Contract for $3,085, the arbitration finished at June 30, 2011.

Note 18. New accounting pronouncements not yet applied

In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-04, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS." This update clarifies the application of certain existing fair value measurement guidance and expands the disclosures for fair value measurements that are estimated using significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs. This update is effective for the Company for periods beginning January 1, 2012. The Company's adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-11- "Balance Sheet (Topic 210)". This update was issued to enhance disclosures about amounts of financial and derivative instruments recognized in the statement of financial position that are either (i) offset or (ii) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset. The scope of the update includes derivatives, sale and repurchase agreements and reverse sale and repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements. This update is effective for the Company for annual and interim

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periods beginning January 1, 2013, and is applicable retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this additional disclosure requirement.

Note 19. Commitments

The Cuerva Block has committed to drill 2 exploratory wells between 2012 and 2013 corresponding to the fourth and fifth exploratory phases. During 2012 and 2013, the commitments were fulfilled.

The Cuerva Block has committed to drill an exploratory well between 2013 and 2014 corresponding to the sixth exploratory phase. During 2013, the commitment was fulfilled.

The Llanos 62 Block (Note 20) has committed to drill 2 exploratory wells before august 2014 corresponding to the first exploratory phases.

Note 20. Related parties

Accounts payable to related parties at December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Hupecol Operating Co LLC (group company) |  |  | 9,301 |
Hupecol Cuerva Holdings (group company) |  |  | 8,100 |
|  |  | 17,401 |

The transactions with the related parties during the year ended December 31, 2011 were comprised by:

Hupecol Operating Co LLC

Services(1) |  |  | 3,454 |
|  |  | 3,454 |

(1) It corresponds to mandate contract fees.

At December 31, 2011 the Company did not receive revenues from related parties.

Note 21. Subsequent events

In March 2012, the company was acquired by Geopark Llanos SAS, a company dedicated to the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons based in Colombia. Geopark Llanos SAS is an indirect subsidiary of Geopark Holdings Limited, a Bermuda oil and gas company. As a result of this transaction, Geopark Holdings Limited obtained the control over the Company as of the acquisition date.

During 2012, the Company and its branch changed their name to Geopark Cuerva LLC and Geopark Cuerva LLC Sucursal Colombia, respectively.

On October 3, 2012, Hupecol Operating LLC ceded 100% of the interests, rights and obligations in Llanos 62 Block to Geopark Cuerva LLC.

Subsequent events have been evaluated until the date of the issuance of the financial statement, which is July 18, 2013.

Supplemental information on oil activities (Unaudited)

The following information is presented in accordance with ASC No. 932 "Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas", as amended by ASU 2010-03 "Oil and Gas Reserves. Estimation and Disclosures", issued by FASB in January 2010 in order to align the current estimation and disclosure requirements with the requirements

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set in the SEC final rules and interpretations, published on December 31, 2008. This information includes the Company's oil production activities carried out in Colombia.

Table 1—Costs incurred in exploration and development

The following table presents those costs capitalized as well as expensed that were incurred during the year ended as of 31 December 2011. Exploration costs include geological and geophysical costs, costs necessary for retaining undeveloped properties, drilling costs and exploratory well equipment. Development costs include drilling costs and equipment for developmental wells, the construction of facilities for extraction, treatment and storage of hydrocarbons and all necessary costs to maintain facilities for the existing developed reserves.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
For the year ended 31 December, 2011 |  |  |  |
Exploration |  |  | 13,832 |
Development(1) |  |  | 21,423 |
Total costs incurred |  |  | 35,255 |

(1) Includes capitalized amounts related to asset retirement obligations.

Table 2—Capitalized costs relating to oil producing activities

The following table presents the capitalized costs as at 31 December 2011, for proved oil and gas properties and the related accumulated depreciation as of this date.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
For the year ended 31 December, 2011 |  |  |  |
Proved properties |  |  |  |
Equipment and other facilities |  |  | 11,797 |
Oil properties(1) |  |  | 62,075 |
Gross capitalised costs |  |  | 73,872 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(1) |  |  | (29,247 | )
Total net capitalized costs |  |  | 44,625 |

(1) Includes the amortization related to asset retirement obligations.

At December 31, 2011 the company has not unproved properties or exploratory wells in suspend for more than a year.

Table 3—Results of operations for oil producing activities

The breakdown of results of the operations shown below summarizes revenues and expenses directly associated with oil and gas producing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011. Income tax for the years presented was calculated utilizing the statutory tax rates.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
For the year ended 31 December, 2011 |  |  |  |
Net revenue |  |  | 72,198 |
Production costs |  |  |  |
Operating costs |  |  | (11,617 | )
Royalties |  |  | (4,968 | )
Total production costs |  |  | (16,585 | )
Exploration expenses |  |  | (13,832 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | (18,467 | )
Results of operations before income tax expenses |  |  | 23,314 |
Income tax expenses |  |  | (7,694 | )
Results of oil and gas production activities |  |  | 15,620 |

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Table 4—Reserve quantity information

Proved reserves represent estimated quantities of oil (including crude oil and condensate), which available geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. Proved developed reserves are proved reserves that can reasonably be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. The choice of method or combination of methods employed in the analysis of each reservoir was determined by the stage of development, quality and reliability of basic data, and production history.

The Company believes that its estimates of remaining proved recoverable oil reserve volumes are reasonable and such estimates have been prepared in accordance with the SEC Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting rules, which were issued by the SEC at the end of 2008.

Reserves engineering is a subjective process of estimation of hydrocarbon accumulation, which cannot be accurately measured, and the reserve estimation depends on the quality of available information and the interpretation and judgment of the engineers and geologists. Therefore, the reserves estimations, as well as future production profiles, are often different than the quantities of hydrocarbons which are finally recovered. The accuracy of such estimations depends, in general, on the assumptions on which they are based.

The Company estimated net proved reserves for the properties evaluated as of 31 December 2011, and 2010 are summarised as follows, expressed in thousands of barrels (Mbbl):

|  | Oil (Mbbl) |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Net proved development and undevelopment reserves as of January 1, 2010(1) |  |  | 2,336 |
Increase (decrease) attributable to: |  |  |  |
Revisions, extensions and discoveries |  |  | 890 |
Production |  |  | (777 | )
Net proved development and undevelopment reserves as of December 31, 2011 |  |  | 2,449 |
Net proved developed |  |  | 973 |
Net proved undeveloped |  |  | 1,476 |
Total reserves |  |  | 2,449 |

(1) Includes net proved development reserves for 386 Mbbl and net proved undeveloped for 1,950 Mbbl.

Table 5—Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows related to proved oil reserves

The following table discloses estimated future net cash flows from future production of proved developed and undeveloped reserves of crude oil, As prescribed by SEC Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting rules and ASC 932 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) relating to Extractive Activities—Oil and Gas (formerly SFAS no. 69 Disclosures about Oil and Gas Producing Activities), such future net cash flows were estimated using the average first day- of-the-month price during the 12-month period for 2011 and using a 10% annual discount factor. Future development and abandonment costs include estimated drilling costs, development and exploitation installations and abandonment costs. These future development costs were estimated based on evaluations made by the Company. The future income tax was calculated by applying the statutory tax rates.

This standardized measure is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as an estimate of the market value of the Company's reserves. The purpose of this information is to give standardized data to help the users of the financial statements to compare different companies and make certain projections. It

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is important to point out that this information does not include, among other items, the effect of future changes in prices, costs and tax rates, which past experience indicates that are likely to occur, as well as the effect of future cash flows from reserves which have not yet been classified as proved reserves, of a discount factor more representative of the value of money over the lapse of time and of the risks inherent to the production of oil and gas. These future changes may have a significant impact on the future net cash flows disclosed below. For all these reasons, this information does not necessarily indicate the perception the Company has on the discounted future net cash flows derived from the reserves of hydrocarbons.

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | At 31 December 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Future cash inflows |  |  | 208,408 |
Future production and development costs |  |  | (133,468 | )
Future income tax expenses |  |  | (29,407 | )
Undiscounted future net cash flows |  |  | 45,533 |
10% annual discount |  |  | (5,964 | )
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows |  |  | 39,569 |

Changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves

Amounts in US$ '000 |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Present value at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 6,435 |
Sales of hydrocarbon, net of production cost |  |  | (13,566 | )
Net changes in sales price and production cost |  |  | 37,541 |
Change in estimated future development cost net of development cost incurred |  |  | 1,810 |
Extensions, discoveries less related cost, net of revisions |  |  | 36,971 |
Net changes in income tax |  |  | (24,625 | )
Accretion of discount |  |  | (4,994 | )
Other changes |  |  | (3 | )
Present value at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 39,569 |

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Unaudited financial statements
Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.

September 30, 2013

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Unaudited financial statements
September 30, 2013

Contents

Unaudited financial statements |  |
Income statements |  | F-225
Statements of comprehensive income |  | F-226
Balance sheets |  | F-227
Statements of changes in equity |  | F-228
Cash flow statements |  | F-229
Notes to financial statements |  | F-230

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Income statements
Nine month period ended September 30, 2013

(In thousands of dollars) |  | Note |  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |
Sales revenue, net |  |  | 4 |  |  | 36,658 |  |  | 38,933 |
Cost of products sold |  |  | 5 |  |  | (18,050 | ) |  | (13,659 | )
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  | 18,608 |  |  | 25,274 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1,409 | ) |  | (3,300 | )
Provision for impairment loss on property and equipment |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (1,167 | )
Other operating expense (income) |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2,059 |
Operating profit |  |  |  |  |  | 17,199 |  |  | 22,866 |
Financial income (expenses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  | 7 |  |  | (277 | ) |  | (310 | )
Interest income |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 1,186 |
Foreign exchange and monetary variations, net |  |  | 7 |  |  | (181 | ) |  | (174 | )
Profit before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 17,812 |  |  | 23,568 |
Income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 13 |  |  | (3,258 | ) |  | (2,049 | )
Deferred |  |  | 13 |  |  | (466 | ) |  | (4,280 | )
Total income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | (3,724 | ) |  | (6,329 | )
Profit for the period |  |  |  |  |  | 14,088 |  |  | 17,239 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Statements of comprehensive income
Nine month period ended September 30, 2013

(In thousands of dollars) |  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |
Profit for the period |  |  | 14,088 |  |  | 17,239 |
Exchange differences on translation to presentational currency |  |  | (7,276 | ) |  | (8,131 | )
Total comprehensive income for the period |  |  | 6,812 |  |  | 9,108 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Balance sheets
September 30, 2013

(In thousands of dollars) |  | Note |  | 09/30/2013 |  | 12/31/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Unaudited) |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | 8 |  |  | 69,510 |  |  | 74,054 |
Other financial assets |  |  |  |  |  | 232 |  |  | 2,632 |
Total non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  | 69,742 |  |  | 76,686 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 9 |  |  | 19,666 |  |  | 9,613 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9,940 |  |  | 10,347 |
Taxes recoverable |  |  | 11 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 120 |
Other receivables |  |  |  |  |  | 211 |  |  | 162 |
Total current assets |  |  |  |  |  | 29,880 |  |  | 20,242 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  | 99,622 |  |  | 96,928 |
Equity and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  | 12 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 64,865 |
Tax incentives reserve |  |  |  |  |  | 14,202 |  |  | 10,865 |
Deemed cost reserve |  |  |  |  |  | 6,706 |  |  | 7,581 |
Retained profits reserve |  |  |  |  |  | 9,283 |  |  | 7,483 |
Exchange reserve |  |  |  |  |  | (11,938 | ) |  | (4,662 | )
Total equity |  |  |  |  |  | 83,118 |  |  | 86,132 |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income and social contribution taxes |  |  | 13 |  |  | 3,843 |  |  | 3,802 |
Provision for abandonment |  |  | 14 |  |  | 6,484 |  |  | 2,823 |
Total non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 10,327 |  |  | 6,625 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxes payable |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2,262 |  |  | 2,299 |
Accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  | 2,598 |  |  | 675 |
Other accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | 1,197 |
Total current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 6,177 |  |  | 4,171 |
Total liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 16,504 |  |  | 10,796 |
Total liabilities and equity |  |  |  |  |  | 99,622 |  |  | 96,928 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Statements of changes in equity
Nine month period ended September 30, 2013

(In thousands of dollars) |  | Share capital |  | Tax incentives |  | Retained profits reserve |  | Deemed cost reserve |  | Exchange reserve |  | earnings (accumulated losses) |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 6,032 |  |  | 11,489 |  |  | 8,977 |  |  | 4,759 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,122 |
Profit for the period |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17,239 |  |  | 17,239 |
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transfer of tax incentives |  |  | — |  |  | 3,632 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,632 | ) |  | — |
Realization of deemed cost |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,043 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,043 |  |  | — |
Retained profits reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,650 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,650 | ) |  | — |
Exchange reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,132 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8,132 | )
Balances at September 30, 2012 (unaudited) |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 9,664 |  |  | 26,139 |  |  | 7,934 |  |  | (3,373 | ) |  | — |  |  | 105,229 |
Profit for the period |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,995 |  |  | 5,995 |
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,803 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,803 | )
Transfer of tax incentives |  |  | — |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,201 | ) |  | — |
Realization of deemed cost |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (353 | ) |  | — |  |  | 353 |  |  | — |
Retained profits reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,147 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,147 | ) |  | — |
Exchange reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,289 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,289 | )
Balances at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 10,865 |  |  | 7,483 |  |  | 7,581 |  |  | (4,662 | ) |  | — |  |  | 86,132 |
Profit for the period |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,088 |  |  | 14,088 |
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,826 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,826 | )
Transfer of tax incentives |  |  | — |  |  | 3,337 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,337 | ) |  | — |
Realization of deemed cost |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (875 | ) |  | — |  |  | 875 |  |  | — |
Retained profits reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,626 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,626 | ) |  | — |
Exchange reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,276 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7,276 | )
Balances at September 30, 2013 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 14,202 |  |  | 9,283 |  |  | 6,706 |  |  | (11,938 | ) |  |  |  |  | 83,118 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Cash flow statements
Nine month period ended September 30, 2013

(In thousands of dollars) |  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited) |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Profit for the period |  |  | 14,088 |  |  | 17,239 |
Depreciation |  |  | 5,330 |  |  | 5,682 |
Deferred income and social contribution taxes |  |  | 466 |  |  | 3,992 |
Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | 1,262 |
Financial charges and foreign exchange variation on loans and financing |  |  | 224 |  |  | 58 |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 407 |  |  | (2,304 | )
Taxes recoverable |  |  | 57 |  |  | 34 |
Other assets |  |  | (1.023 | ) |  | (198 | )
Increase (decrease) in liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  |  | 1,923 |  |  | (2,130 | )
Taxes payable |  |  | (37 | ) |  | 23 |
Intercompany |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other liabilities |  |  | (302 | ) |  | (1,093 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 21,133 |  |  | 22,565 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of property and equipment |  |  | (3,654 | ) |  | (954 | )
Restricted short-term investments |  |  | 2,400 |  |  | (894 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (1,254 | ) |  | (1,848 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of loans and financing |  |  | — |  |  | (8,426 | )
Dividends paid |  |  | (9,826 | ) |  | (3,272 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (9,826 | ) |  | (11,698 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 10,053 |  |  | 9,020 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 9,613 |  |  | 16,890 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  |  | 19,666 |  |  | 25,910 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Notes to financial statements
Nine month period ended September 30, 2013
(In thousands of dollars)

1. Operations

Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. ("Rio das Contas" or "Company"), with place of business at Praia de Botafogo 228, Rio de Janeiro, is engaged in the exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas in BCAM-40 block, located in the Camamu-Almada basin.

On January 23, 2006, the units of interest comprising the Company's capital were acquired by Norse Energy do Brasil Ltda. (current Panoro Energy do Brasil S.A.—"Panoro Brasil") and by Coplex Petróleo do Brasil Ltda. ("Coplex") at the ratio of 57% and 43%, respectively. Norse Brasil and Coplex, privately-held companies headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, were direct and indirect subsidiaries of Norse Energy Corp. ASA., a publicly-held company headquartered in Oslo, Norway.

On June 7, 2010, Norse Energy Corp. ASA concluded its spin-off process in which the companies related to operations held in Brazil were transferred to Panoro Energy ASA, a company established on April 28, 2010 through the merger of New Brazil Holding ASA and Pan-Petroleum Holdings Limited (PPHCL). Panoro Energy ASA was listed in the Oslo Stock Exchange, Norway on June 8, 2010.

On September 30, 2011, Coplex was merged into Panoro Energy do Brasil S.A., which became holder of 100% of Rio das Contas' units of interest. At December 31, 2011, Panoro Energy do Brasil transferred one unit of interest in the amount of US$0.01 to Pan-Petroleum Holding BV.

The Manati field started its commercial operations on January 15, 2007. The field produces condensed and natural gas through six producing wells, which flow to a gas treatment station (Estação Geólogo Vandemir Ferreira) through a gas pipeline. The exploration license of BCAM-40 Block was relinquished back to Brazil's National Petroleum Agency (ANP) in September 2009. In addition to the Manati field, the Company is the owner of Camarão Norte field, now under development, which is also within BCAM-40 block.

The Company currently has concession rights of exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas in the blocks as follows:

Phase |  | Basin |  | Block/Camp |  | Interest |  | % |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Under development |  | Camamu-Almada |  | Camarão Norte |  | Petrobras (operator) |  |  | 35 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Manati |  |  | 45 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Rio das Contas |  |  | 10 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Brasoil |  |  | 10 |
Production |  | Camamu-Almada |  | Manati |  | Petrobras (operator) |  |  | 35 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Manati |  |  | 45 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Rio das Contas |  |  | 10 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Brasoil |  |  | 10 |

In accordance with the terms provided for in the concession agreements, should commercially exploitable oil be discovered, the Company shall be given the right to explore, develop and produce, for a 27- year

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period, crude oil and natural gas in any commercial fields enclosed within the limits of these blocks. There are no price restrictions for the sale of products arising from the exploration of these areas.

Rio das Contas sales agreement

On May 14, 2013 Panoro Energy do Brazil Ltda entered into a purchase and sale of its subsidiary Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda (Rio das Contas) to GeoPark Brazil Ltda (Geopark) for a total of $140 million. The transaction includes the sale of all shares of Rio das Contas for GeoPark, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Independent oil and gas, GeoPark Holdings Ltd. The consideration of the purchase of shares in Rio das Contas consists of an initial payment of USD140 million, adjusted for working capital to be determined between the parties with reference date of April 30, 2013 to be paid in cash at closing. In addition, a contingent earn-out will be paid in cash during the period of 5 years from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017. The annual payments earn-out will be equal to 45% of annual net cash flow in excess of $25 million. The total earn-out is limited to $20 million. The closing of the transaction, among other conditions, must be approved by the Brazilian regulator ANP.

2. Basis of presentation of financial statements

2.1. Financial statements

The financial statements of Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. are the responsibility of management and were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The accounting policies are the same as those on the Company`s annual financial statements as at 31 December 2012.

Issuance of the financial statements for the nine month period ended September 30, 2013 was authorized at the Executive Board meeting held on November xx, 2013.

3. Summary of significant accounting practices

3.1. Functional and reporting currency

The functional currency of the company is the Brazilian real, the currency of the country in which the Company is incorporated and operates. Transactions in foreign currency are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect on the date of each transaction. On the reporting dates, monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated to the functional currency at the closing exchange rate and the exchange variation gains and losses are recognized in the Income Statement. Non-monetary assets and liabilities acquired or contracted in foreign currency are translated as of the reporting dates based on the exchange rates in effect on the transaction dates and thus do not generate exchange variations.

The translation of Brazilian real amounts into the U.S. dollar presentational currency is for convenience only and has been made as follows:

Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date (R$2.23 to US$1.00 as of September 30, 2013, and R$2.0435 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2012). The equity accounts are translated by the historical rates. Income and expenses are translated at the average rate on a monthly basis. Gain or loss on translation is presented as a separate component of equity as an "Exchange reserve". Such translations should not be construed as representations that the Brazilian real amounts could be converted into U.S. dollars at the above or any other rate.

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3.2. Recognition of assets and liabilities

An asset is recognized in the balance sheet when it is probable that future economic benefits will be generated on behalf of the Company and when its cost or value can be reliably measured.

A liability is recognized in the balance sheet when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of funds will be required to settle it. Provisions are recorded reflecting the best estimates of the risk involved.

Assets and liabilities are classified as current when their realization or settlement is likable to occur within the subsequent twelve months. Otherwise, they are stated as non-current.

3.3. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents are held by the Company in order to meet short-term cash obligations, rather than for investment or other purposes. Cash and cash equivalents include cash and bank deposits, which are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to a insignificant risk of change in value.

3.4. Accounts receivable—Petrobras

These are stated at fair value. There is no allowance for doubtful accounts. Petrobras is the Company's sole client.

3.5. Property and equipment

Property and equipment in use are stated at acquisition, buildup or construction cost, valued at average acquisition cost, less accumulated depreciation.

Expenses with exploration, evaluation and development of production are accounted for through the successful efforts method of accounting.

Costs incurred prior to obtaining concessions and spending on geological and geophysical studies and surveys are recorded under the P&L.

Expenses with exploration and evaluation directly associated to the exploratory well are capitalized as expenses with exploration, until the drilling is completed and results thereto evaluated. These costs include costs with employee remuneration, material and fuel utilization, costs incurred with the rent of drilling rigs and other costs incurred with third parties.

In case commercially viable reserves are not discovered, the exploration well are written-off to P&L. When reserves are discovered, the cost is still recorded under assets upon the conclusion of additional analyses regarding the commerciality of hydrocarbon reserves, which may include drilling other wells.

Exploration assets are subject to technical, commercial and financial reviews at least on an annual basis to confirm management's intention to develop and produce hydrocarbons in the area. In case the aforesaid intention is not confirmed, these costs will be written-off to P&L. When reserves are identified and proved commercially viable and the development is authorized, exploratory expenses are transferred to "oil and gas assets".

In the development phase, expenditure on the construction, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities (such as platform, pipelines and drilling of development wells, including delimitating wells or unsuccessful development wells) are capitalized within "oil and gas assets".

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Oil and gas assets are depreciated by the unit-of-production method, based on the ratio of oil and gas production of each field and the corresponding proven and developed reserves.

3.6. Provision for abandonment

The field operator is responsible for the dismantling of production areas. The methodology for calculating the ARO provision consists of estimating as of the reporting date how much the operator would have to disburse if it abandoned the area at that moment. The estimated amount is corrected by the inflation rate through to the date scheduled for abandonment and subsequently discounted to present value.

The Company's responsibility on the abandonment and dismantling of areas is limited to the provision and payment of amounts established thereto by the operator, in accordance with the interest percentage in the consortium. The amount is recorded under property and equipment against noncurrent liabilities (provision for abandonment) and is amortized by using the unit-of-production method in relation to proven and developed reserves, the amortization being an integral part of inventory costs. The provision is increased by the effect of the discount rate, against financial income.

3.7. Impairment of assets

Property and equipment, and other noncurrent and intangible assets are reviewed annually to identify evidence that may indicate impairment, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value may not be recoverable. Where applicable, the recoverable amount is calculated to check for impairment loss. When impairment evidence is found, it is recognized at the amount corresponding to the book value of assets exceeding its recoverable value, which is the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use of an asset. For evaluation purposes, assets are grouped at their lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.

3.8. Loans

Loans are adjusted based on monetary variations and include interest incurred up to the balance sheet date, based on the contractual terms.

3.9. Provision for legal disputes

A provision for contingencies is set up for legal disputes, in which the outflow of funds is considered probable and a reasonable estimate is possible. The loss probability assessment includes the evaluation of available evidence, the hierarchy of laws, available case law, the most recent court rulings and their relevance to the legal system, as well as the assessment of the external advisors. The provisions are reviewed and adjusted in order to comply with changes made to the applicable statutes of limitation, tax audit conclusions or supplementary issues identified based on new subject matters or court decisions. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company, based on the opinion of its external legal advisors, did not present any provision, due to the inexistence of actions with probable loss.

3.10. Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the Company's financial statements in accordance with accounting practices adopted in Brazil requires management to use professional judgment and estimates, and adopt assumptions that affect the amounts presented in revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities reported on the financial statements and corresponding notes.

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Significant items subject to these estimates and assumptions include the economic useful life and the net book value of property and equipment and intangible assets, provision for contingencies, recoverability of assets and fair value of financial instruments. The use of estimates and judgments is complex and considers various assumptions and future projections and, therefore, the settlement of transactions may result in amounts different from those estimated. The Company reviews its estimates and assumptions on a three-month period or an annual basis.

3.11. Financial instruments

Financial instruments are only recognized as from the date on which the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of such financial instruments.

When recognized, they are initially recorded at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition or issue, except for financial assets and liabilities classified at fair value through profit or loss, where such costs are directly recorded in the income (loss) for the year. The subsequent measure is held on each reporting date, according to the guidelines for each financial assets and liabilities classification.

3.12. Taxation

Taxation on sales and services

Revenues from sales and services are subject to the following taxes and contributions, at the following statutory tax rates:

•
  Contribution Tax on Gross Revenue for Social Integration Program (PIS) 0.65%.
•
  Contribution Tax on Gross Revenue for Social Security Financing (COFINS) 7.65%.
•
  State VAT (ICMS) 7% to 19%.
•
  Royalties 7.5%.

These charges are presented as sales deductions in the income statement.

Tax credits arising out of non-cumulative taxation of PIS/COFINS are recorded as a deduction from operating revenues and expenses in the income statement. Tax debts arising out of financial income and credits arising out of financial expenses are recorded as a deduction from said accounts in the income statement.

Current income and social contribution taxes

Taxation on profit comprises both income and social contribution taxes. Income tax is computed at a 15% rate, plus a surtax of 10% on taxable profit exceeding R$240 over 12 months, whereas social contribution tax is computed at a rate of 9% on taxable profit, both recognized on an accrual basis; therefore, additions to book income deriving from temporarily non-deductible expenses or exclusions from temporarily non-taxable revenues upon determination of current taxable profit generate deferred tax assets or liabilities. Prepaid or recoverable amounts are stated in current or noncurrent assets, based on their estimated realization.

Deferred income and social contribution taxes

Deferred income and social contribution taxes reflect income and social contribution tax losses and temporary differences between the assets and liabilities balances and tax bases, net of valuation allowance. These temporary differences will be used to reduce future tax profits. The Company annually reviews the balance of deferred income and social contribution tax assets in relation to taxable profit projection to maintain such assets by the expected realization value.

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Tax incentives

The Company is entitled to the reduction of 75% of the Income tax (Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast "SUDENE"—Tax incentive), calculated based on the profit from exploration and is conditioned to the installation infrastructure development in the area within SUDENE. The Company shall take advantage of the aforesaid benefit up to calendar year 2017. In accordance with Laws No. 11638/07 and No. 11941/09, the amount corresponding to the incentive of SUDENE calculated as from the effectiveness of the Law ("transition date") is accounted for in the P&L in the subsequent year for further allocation to profit reserve of tax incentives referring to article 195A of Law No. 6406/76, according to guideline of Law No.11941/09. The balance of this incentive may be used for capital increase purposes only.

3.13. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent economic benefits are likely to be generated for the Company and when such amount can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured based on fair value of the consideration received, net of discounts, rebates and taxes or charges incurred on sales.

3.14. Cash flow statements

Cash flow statements were prepared and are presented in accordance with the IAS 7—Statement of Cash Flow.

3.15. Accounting pronouncements issued by the IASB

IFRS pronouncements which are not effective at September 30, 2013

We list below standards issued that had not yet become effective as of the date of issue of Company's financial statements: This list of standards and interpretations issued includes those that the Company reasonably expects to have an impact on disclosures, financial position, or performance upon application thereof in the future. The Company intends to adopt such standards when they become effective.

•
  IAS 32 Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Amendments to IAS 32)—These amendments explain the meaning of "currently have a legally enforceable right of set-off". The amendments also explain the adoption of the offset criteria of IAS 32 for the settlement systems (such as the clearing house systems), which apply gross mechanisms of settlement that are not simultaneous. These amendments shall not have an impact on the Company's financial position, performance or disclosures effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014.

4. Net revenue

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gross revenue |  |  | 47,597 |  |  | 50,511 |
PIS |  |  | (763 | ) |  | (810 | )
COFINS |  |  | (3,515 | ) |  | (3,733 | )
ICMS |  |  | (5,319 | ) |  | (5,639 | )
Contractual rebates—discounts |  |  | (1,342 | ) |  | (1,396 | )
Total deductions |  |  | (10,939 | ) |  | (11,578 | )
Net revenue |  |  | 36,658 |  |  | 38,933 |

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5. Cost of products sold

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Extraction cost |  |  | (5,037 | ) |  | (4,188 | )
Royalties and special interests |  |  | (3,654 | ) |  | (3,839 | )
Amortization and depreciation |  |  | (5,237 | ) |  | (5,632 | )
Well abandonment |  |  | (4,122 | ) |  | — |
Total |  |  | (18,050 | ) |  | (13,659 | )

6. General and administrative expenses

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Personnel |  |  | (950 | ) |  | (2,525 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | — |  |  | (62 | )
Third-party services |  |  | (101 | ) |  | (162 | )
Tax expenses |  |  | (49 | ) |  | (22 | )
Other expenses |  |  | (309 | ) |  | (529 | )
Total |  |  | (1,409 | ) |  | (3,300 | )

7. Financial income (expenses)

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Financial income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 1,186 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on loans |  |  | — |  |  | (58 | )
Interest on provision for asset retirement obligation |  |  | (250 | ) |  | (238 | )
Other |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (14 | )
Total |  |  | (277 | ) |  | (310 | )
Monetary and foreign exchange variations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Monetary and foreign exchange gains |  |  | 177 |  |  | 1,903 |
Monetary and foreign exchange losses |  |  | (358 | ) |  | (2,077 | )
Total |  |  | (181 | ) |  | (174 | )
Financial income (expenses), net |  |  | 613 |  |  | 702 |

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8. Property and equipment

Changes in the property and equipment are described as below:

|  | Oil and gas assets |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Manati |  | BCAM 40 |  | Camarão Norte |  | Other |  | Total |
Cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 120,206 |  |  | 1,262 |  |  | 3,976 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 126,024 |
(+) Additions |  |  | 849 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | 954 |
(-) Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | (1,262 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,262 | )
Exchange differences |  |  | (9,210 | ) |  | — |  |  | (303 | ) |  | (50 | ) |  | (9,563 | )
Balance at September 30, 2012 (Unaudited) |  |  | 111,845 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,673 |  |  | 633 |  |  | 116,152 |
(+) Additions |  |  | 217 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  | 236 |
(-) Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Exchange differences |  |  | (689 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (715 | )
Balance at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 111,373 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 649 |  |  | 115,673 |
(+) Additions |  |  | 5,674 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 5,678 |
Exchange differences |  |  | (9,734 | ) |  | — |  |  | (305 | ) |  | (55 | ) |  | (10,094 | )
Balance at September 30, 2013 (Unaudited) |  |  | 107,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,345 |  |  | 598 |  |  | 111,256 |
Depreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2011 |  |  | (37,339 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (236 | ) |  | (37,575 | )
(-) Depreciation for the period |  |  | (5,632 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (5,682 | )
Exchange differences |  |  | 3,131 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 3,143 |
Balance at September 30, 2012 (Unaudited) |  |  | (39,839 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (274 | ) |  | (40,114 | )
(-) Depreciation for the period |  |  | (1,742 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | (1,717 | )
Exchange differences |  |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39 | ) |  | 212 |
Balance at December 31, 2012 |  |  | (41,330 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (288 | ) |  | (41,618 | )
(-) Depreciation for the period |  |  | (5,237 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93 | ) |  | (5,330 | )
Exchange differences |  |  | 3,482 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | 3,558 |
Balance at September 30, 2013 (Unaudited) |  |  | (43,085 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (305 | ) |  | (43,390 | )
Net book |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at September 30, 2013 |  |  | 64,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,345 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 67,866 |
Balance at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 70,043 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 74,054 |
Average annual depreciation rate (in %) |  |  | 5 | % |  | 0 | % |  | 0 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 5 | %

According to Technical Pronouncement IAS 36, "Impairment of Assets", property and equipment items indicating that their recorded costs are higher than their impairment value (fair value) are reviewed to determine the necessity of provision to reduce their book value to realization value. Management conducted an annual analysis of the corresponding operating and financial performance of its assets and did not identify changes of circumstances or evidence of technological obsolescence.

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9. Cash and cash equivalents

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 12/31/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Cash and banks |  |  | 182 |  |  | 179 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 19,484 |  |  | 9,434 |
|  |  | 19,666 |  |  | 9,613 |

10. Accounts receivable

Total production referring to Manati block for the year 2013 and 2012 was sold to Petrobras. Outstanding balance at September 30, 2013 totals US$9,940 (US$10,347 at December 31, 2012).

11. Taxes recoverable and payable

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 12/31/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Taxes recoverable |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate Income Tax (IRPJ) and Social Contribution Tax on Net Profit (CSLL) Recoverable |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |
State value-added tax (ICMS) on property and equipment recoverable |  |  | 63 |  |  | 81 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 63 |  |  | 120 |

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 12/31/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Taxes payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Social charges on payroll |  |  | 173 |  |  | 248 |
Royalties on production |  |  | 330 |  |  | 340 |
PIS/COFINS payable |  |  | 481 |  |  | 495 |
Provision for IRPJ and CSLL |  |  | 405 |  |  | 328 |
ICMS payable |  |  | 591 |  |  | 610 |
Other |  |  | 282 |  |  | 278 |
Total |  |  | 2,262 |  |  | 2,299 |

The balance of ICMS recoverable arises from the entry of items designated to permanent assets and has been settled in 48 months with the ICMS payable on gas sale. Other taxes and contributions will be offset with obligations payable of the same nature.

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12. Equity

12.1. Capital

At September 30, 2013, the Company's capital comprises 12,674,025,798 units of interest, distributed as follows

|  | 09/30/2013 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Units of interest |  | Amount |
Panoro Energy do Brasil Ltda. |  |  | 12,674,025,797 |  |  | 64,865 |
Pan-Petroleum Holding BV |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
|  |  | 12,674,025,798 |  |  | 64,865 |

12.2. Tax incentive reserve

As provided for in Law No. 11941/09, with reference to article 195A of Law 6406/76, the management of the subsidiary Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. allocated to tax incentive reserve the amount inherent to tax incentive credits stated as income tax (income statement).

12.3. Deemed cost

In 2010, the Company determined the deemed cost of its property and equipment in conformity with Technical Pronouncement IFRS 1—First time adoption of international financial standards. At September 30, 2013, the deemed cost amount, net of tax effects, is US$6,706 (US$7,581 in 2012). In 2013, the amount of US$875 from that total was realized, net of the respective tax effects.

12.4. Dividend policy

The Articles of Organization do not confer mandatory minimum dividends to members. In May 17 2013 a dividend distribution of US$9,826 was approved.

13. Income taxes

a) Income taxes—current and deferred

Current and deferred income taxes are as follows:

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Current income tax |  |  | (1,511 | ) |  | (541 | )
Current social contribution tax |  |  | (1,747 | ) |  | (1,508 | )
Total current income and social contribution taxes liability |  |  | (3,258 | ) |  | (2,049 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | (343 | ) |  | (3,147 | )
Deferred social contribution tax |  |  | (123 | ) |  | (1,133 | )
Total deferred income and social contribution taxes asset |  |  | (466 | ) |  | (4,280 | )
Total tax expense for the period |  |  | (3,724 | ) |  | (6,329 | )

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Reconciliation of income and social contribution accounting taxes and the amount established by the effective rate for 2013 and 2012 are as follows

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 09/30/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Income before income taxes |  |  | 17,812 |  |  | 23,568 |
Statutory rate |  |  | 34 | % |  | 34 | %
Income taxes at statutory rate |  |  | (6,056 | ) |  | (8,013 | )
Nondeductible expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  |  | 33 |  |  | 44 |
Profit from tax incentive activities |  |  | 3,337 |  |  | 3,632 |
Other |  |  | (1,038 | ) |  | (1,992 | )
Effective rate of 21% (27% in 2012) |  |  | (3,724 | ) |  | (6,329 | )
Current income tax |  |  | (3,258 | ) |  | (2,049 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | (466 | ) |  | (4,280 | )

Income and social contribution taxes calculated and paid by the Company, in addition to the corresponding income tax return and accounting records are subject to the examination by tax authorities for variable statutes of limitation; after the respective periods are barred by statute, these are no longer subject to the review of authorities.

b) Deferred income and social contribution tax assets and liabilities

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 12/31/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Exchange variation |  |  | — |  |  | 355 |
Provision for abandonment of fields |  |  | 552 |  |  | 1,181 |
Deemed cost—Manati |  |  | (4,287 | ) |  | (5,145 | )
Other temporary provisions |  |  | (108 | ) |  | (193 | )
Net deferred income and social contribution tax liability |  |  | (3,843 | ) |  | (3,802 | )

The Company, based on the expected generation of future taxable profit, determined by means of a technical study approved by the management, recognized tax credits on income and social contribution tax losses and temporary differences. Management reviews the book value of deferred tax assets annually to keep such asset at the estimated realization amount.

Income and social contribution tax losses are not subject to statutes of limitation, however; the Company's offset amount is limited to up to 30% of each year's taxable profit.

14. Provision for abandonment

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 12/31/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Provision for abandonment |  |  | 6,484 |  |  | 2,823 |
|  |  | 6,484 |  |  | 2,823 |

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Changes in provision for abandonment for the respective years:

|  | 09/30/2013 |  | 12/31/2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Opening balance |  |  | 2,823 |  |  | 2,520 |
Interest |  |  | 250 |  |  | 303 |
Settlement |  |  | (317 | ) |  | — |
New balance constitution |  |  | 3,728 |  |  | — |
Closing balance |  |  | 6,484 |  |  | 2,823 |

In September 2013 the company concluded the abandonment of the discovery well BAS-128. With the operation, the company decided to revaluate the abandonment costs of the remaining wells (08 in total) and therefore adjust the provision in the amount of US$3,625.

15. Financial instruments

In the normal course of its operations, the Company is exposed to market risks such as interest rates and credit risk. These risks are monitored by management by using management and policy tools that are defined for each specific case.

The Company did not have outstanding derivative financial instruments at September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Key company risk factors

a) Operational risks

Natural gas price is impacted by supply and demand issues. Factors influencing supply and demand include operational issues, natural disasters, climate changes, political instability, conflicts, economic conditions and decision taken by petroleum exporting countries. Price fluctuations may significantly impact the Company's income and financial position. Additionally, the Company may have less influence and control on the behavior, performance, and cost of operations than it would have, if it were the operator.

The entire production of Manati field is sold to Petrobras through a long a long-term Gas Supply Contract. The price of the gas under this contract is indexed to IGPM (General Index of Market Prices) adjusted on a yearly basis.

b) Currency risk

The Company has obligations indexed to US dollars, principally due to intercompany loans and financing, for which there are no hedge instruments aiming to protect against unexpected fluctuations, if any.

During the nine month period ended September 30, 2013, the Brazilian Real weakened by 9.13% (weakened by 8.94% in 2012). If the Brazilian Real had weakened by an additional 5% against the US Dollar, with all other variables held constant, the current debt of the company would have been higher by US$156 (US$190 in 2012).

c) Credit risk

This financial instrument specially refers to cash and cash equivalents and the Company's accounts receivable. All Company's operations are conducted with banks that are known for their liquidity, thereby minimizing risks thereto. Accounts receivable are principally concentrated in Petrobras, a good standing

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and sound company, thereby management does not expect to face difficulties regarding the realization of credits receivable.

16. Insurance coverage

At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company has insurance coverage for its facilities and equipment with the following coverage:

Risk |  | Sept-2013 |  | Dec-2012 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Operational risks—gas station |  |  | USD 16,000 |  |  | USD 16,000 |
Petroleum risks—gas Platform |  |  | USD 29,800 |  |  | USD 28,700 |
Petroleum risks—additional expenses from operator |  |  | USD 10,000 |  |  | USD 10,000 |

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Financial statements
Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
December 31, 2012 and 2011
With independent auditor's report

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Audited financial statements
December 31, 2012 and 2011

Contents

Independent auditor's report on financial statements |  | F-245
Audited financial statements |  |
Income statements |  | F-247
Statements of comprehensive income |  | F-248
Balance sheets |  | F-249
Statements of changes in equity |  | F-250
Cash flow statements |  | F-251
Notes to financial statements |  | F-252

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Independent auditor's report on financial statements

The Management and Members
Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Rio de Janeiro—RJ

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. ("Company"), which comprise the balance sheets as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the related income statements, statements of comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and the related notes to the financial statements.

Management's responsibility for the financial statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in conformity with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB); this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor's responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor's judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal controls relevant to the entity's preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. at December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

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Emphasis of a matter

Restatement of prior year corresponding figures

As discussed in Note 2.2, to the financial statements due to correction of error in provision for abandonment balances as well as reclassifications in the cash flow statement adopted by the Company in 2012, the prior year corresponding figures, presented for comparative purposes, were adjusted and are restated as required by IAS 8 (Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors). Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.

Rio de Janeiro, July 2, 2013

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG TERCO

ERNST & YOUNG TERCO
Auditores Independentes S.S.
CRC-2SP 015.199/O-6-F-RJ

/s/ Roberto Cesar Andrade dos Santos
Accountant CRC-1RJ 093.771/O-9

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Income statements
Years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

(In thousands of dollars) |  | Note |  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Sales revenue, net |  |  | 4 |  |  | 51,094 |  |  | 38,157 |
Cost of products sold |  |  | 5 |  |  | (18,167 | ) |  | (15,563 | )
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  | 32,927 |  |  | 22,594 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 6 |  |  | (4,075 | ) |  | (4,504 | )
Provision for impairment loss on property and equipment |  |  | 9 |  |  | (1,211 | ) |  | (1,162 | )
Other operating income |  |  |  |  |  | 2,107 |  |  | — |
Operating profit |  |  |  |  |  | 29,748 |  |  | 16,928 |
Financial income (expenses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial expenses |  |  | 7 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | (693 | )
Financial income |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | 1,043 |
Foreign exchange and monetary variations, net |  |  | 7 |  |  | (504 | ) |  | (2,557 | )
Profit before taxes |  |  |  |  |  | 30,803 |  |  | 14,721 |
Income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  | 8 |  |  | (3,089 | ) |  | (2,311 | )
Deferred |  |  | 8 |  |  | (4,480 | ) |  | 876 |
Total income taxes |  |  |  |  |  | (7,569 | ) |  | (1,435 | )
Profit for the year |  |  |  |  |  | 23,234 |  |  | 13,286 |

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Statements of comprehensive income
Years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

(In thousands of dollars) |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Profit for the year |  |  | 23,234 |  |  | 13,286 |
Exchange reserve |  |  | (9,421 | ) |  | (11,079 | )
Other components of comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total comprehensive income for the year |  |  | 13,813 |  |  | 2,207 |

See accompanying note

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Balance sheets
December 31, 2012 and 2011

(In thousands of dollars) |  | Note |  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |  | 12/31/2010 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  |  |  | (Restated) |  | (Restated) |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noncurrent assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 369 |  |  | — |
Taxes recoverable |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 9 |  |  | 74,054 |  |  | 88,448 |  |  | 106,237 |
Other Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | 1,348 |  |  | 540 |
Total noncurrent assets |  |  |  |  |  | 76,686 |  |  | 90,165 |  |  | 106,826 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9,613 |  |  | 16,890 |  |  | 8,158 |
Accounts receivable—Petrobras |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10,347 |  |  | 8,741 |  |  | 11,133 |
Taxes recoverable |  |  | 12 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 2,986 |
Other receivables |  |  |  |  |  | 162 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 487 |
Total current assets |  |  |  |  |  | 20,242 |  |  | 25,865 |  |  | 22,764 |
Total assets |  |  |  |  |  | 96,928 |  |  | 116,030 |  |  | 129,590 |
Equity |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Share capital |  |  |  |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 58,057 |
Tax incentive reserve |  |  |  |  |  | 10,865 |  |  | 6,032 |  |  | 3,255 |
Deemed cost reserve |  |  |  |  |  | 7,581 |  |  | 8,977 |  |  | 9,957 |
Retained profits reserve |  |  |  |  |  | 7,483 |  |  | 11,489 |  |  | — |
Exchange reserve |  |  |  |  |  | (4,662 | ) |  | 4,759 |  |  | 15,837 |
Total equity |  |  |  |  |  | 86,132 |  |  | 96,122 |  |  | 87,107 |
Non-current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxes payable |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,573 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 8 |  |  | 3,802 |  |  |  |  |  | 578 |
Intercompany loans |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | — |
Provision for abandonment |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2,823 |  |  | 2,520 |  |  | 2,250 |
Total noncurrent liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 6,625 |  |  | 10,888 |  |  | 4,403 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intercompany loans |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,862 |
Taxes payable |  |  | 12 |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 2,036 |  |  | 1,876 |
Accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  | 675 |  |  | 2,842 |  |  | 3,673 |
Related parties |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 3,272 |  |  | 7,684 |
Dividends payable |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,803 |
Other accounts payable |  |  |  |  |  | 1,197 |  |  | 870 |  |  | 184 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 4,171 |  |  | 9,020 |  |  | 38,082 |
Total liabilities and equity |  |  |  |  |  | 96,928 |  |  | 116,030 |  |  | 129,590 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Change in stockholders' equity
Years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

(In thousands of dollars) |  | Subscribed capital |  | Tax incentives |  | Retained profits reserve |  | Deemed cost reserve |  | Exchange reserve |  | Retained earnings (accumulated losses) |  | Total |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balances at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 58,057 |  |  | 3,255 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,957 |  |  | 15,838 |  |  | — |  |  | 87,107 |
Capital increase (Note 13.1) |  |  | 6,808 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,808 |
Profit for the period |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13,286 |  |  | 13,286 |
Transfer of tax incentives (Note 13.2) |  |  | — |  |  | 2,777 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,777 | ) |  | — |
Realization of deemed cost (Note 13.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (980 | ) |  | — |  |  | 980 |  |  | — |
Retained profits reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,489 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,489 | ) |  | — |
Exchange reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,079 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,079 | )
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 6,032 |  |  | 11,489 |  |  | 8,977 |  |  | 4,759 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,122 |
Profit for the period |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,234 |  |  | 23,234 |
Dividends (Note 13.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,803 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23,803 | )
Transfer of tax incentives (Note 13.2) |  |  | — |  |  | 4,833 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,833 | ) |  | — |
Realization of deemed cost (Note 13.3) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,396 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,396 |  |  | — |
Retained profits reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,797 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,797 | ) |  | — |
Exchange reserve |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,421 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9,421 | )
Balances at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 10,865 |  |  | 7,483 |  |  | 7,581 |  |  | (4.662 | ) |  | — |  |  | 86,132 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Cash flow statements
Years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011

(In thousands of dollars) |  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Restated) |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income for the year |  |  | 23,234 |  |  | 13,286 |
Depreciation |  |  | 7,362 |  |  | 5,530 |
Provision for impairment loss on property and equipment and intangible assets |  |  | 1,211 |  |  | 1,163 |
Deferred income and social contribution taxes |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | (320 | )
Financial charges and foreign exchange variation on loans and financing |  |  | (464 | ) |  | 662 |
Provision for research and development |  |  | 508 |  |  | 662 |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | (1,606 | ) |  | 2,392 |
Taxes recoverable |  |  | 44 |  |  | 2,822 |
Other assets |  |  | (272 | ) |  | 672 |
Increase (decrease) in liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable—Petrobras |  |  | (2,168 | ) |  | 1,565 |
Taxes payable |  |  | 263 |  |  | (1,992 | )
Other liabilities |  |  | (1,217 | ) |  | 294 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 31,375 |  |  | 26,736 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of property and equipment |  |  | (1,202 | ) |  | (236 | )
Restricted short-term investments |  |  | (1,284 | ) |  | (808 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (2,486 | ) |  | (1,044 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid on loans and financing |  |  | (2,426 | ) |  | (1,156 | )
Repayment of loans and financing |  |  | (6,000 | ) |  | (5,000 | )
Dividends paid |  |  | (27,740 | ) |  | (10,803 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (36,166 | ) |  | (16,959 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (7,277 | ) |  | 8,733 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  |  | 16,891 |  |  | 8,158 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |  |  | 9,614 |  |  | 16,891 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (7,277 | ) |  | 8,733 |

See accompanying notes.

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Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda.
Notes to financial statements
Years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011
(In thousands of dollars)

1. Operations

Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. ("Rio das Contas" or "Company"), with place of business at Praia de Botafogo 228, Rio de Janeiro, is engaged in the exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas in BCAM-40 block, located in the Camamu-Almada basin.

On January 23, 2006, the units of interest comprising the Company's capital were acquired by Norse Energy do Brasil Ltda. (current Panoro Energy do Brasil S.A.—"Panoro Brasil") and by Coplex Petróleo do Brasil Ltda. ("Coplex") at the ratio of 57% and 43%, respectively. Norse Brasil and Coplex, privately-held companies headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, were direct and indirect subsidiaries of Norse Energy Corp. A.S.A., a publicly-held company headquartered in Oslo, Norway.

On June 7, 2010, Norse Energy Corp. ASA concluded its spin-off process in which the companies related to operations held in Brazil were transferred to Panoro Energy ASA, a company established on April 28, 2010 through the merger of New Brazil Holding ASA and Pan-Petroleum Holdings Limited (PPHCL). Panoro Energy ASA was listed in the Oslo Stock Exchange, Norway on June 8, 2010.

On September 30, 2011, Coplex was merged into Panoro Energy do Brasil S.A., which became holder of 100% of Rio das Contas' units of interest. At December 31, 2011, Panoro Energy do Brasil transferred one unit of interest in the amount of US$0.01 to Pan-Petroleum Holding BV.

The Manati field started its commercial operations on January 15, 2007. The field produces condensed and natural gas through six producing wells, which flow to a gas treatment station (Estação Geólogo Vandemir Ferreira) through a gas pipeline. The exploration license of BCAM-40 Block was relinquished back to Brazil's National Petroleum Agency (ANP) in September 2009. In addition to the Manati field, the Company is the owner of Camarão Norte field, now under development, which is also within BCAM-40 block.

The Company currently has concession rights of exploration and production of crude oil and natural gas in the blocks as follows:

Phase |  | Basin |  | Block/camp |  | Interest |  | % |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Under development |  | Camamu-Almada |  | Camarão Norte |  | Petrobras (operator) |  |  | 35 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Manati |  |  | 45 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Rio das Contas |  |  | 10 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Brazil |  |  | 10 |
Production |  | Camamu-Almada |  | Manati |  | Petrobras (operator) |  |  | 35 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Manati |  |  | 45 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Rio das Contas |  |  | 10 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Brazil |  |  | 10 |

In accordance with the terms provided for in the concession agreements, should commercially exploitable oil be discovered, the Company shall be given the right to explore, develop and produce, for a 27-year

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period, crude oil and natural gas in any commercial fields enclosed within the limits of these blocks. There are no price restrictions for the sale of products arising from the exploration of these areas.

2. Basis of presentation of financial statements

2.1. Financial statements

The financial statements of Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. are the responsibility of management and were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

Issuance of the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012 was authorized at the Executive Board meeting held on July 2, 2013.

2.2. Restatement of financial statements at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010

(i) Correction of provision for abandonment balances

The Company corrected the provision for abandonment balances in accordance with IAS 8—Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors, therefore changing the amounts previously presented in the financial statements at December 31, 2011 and 2010, which had not been adjusted to present value.

Additionally, the restricted short term investments related to the provision were reclassified as non-current assets. Reconciliation between the figures originally stated and those that have been restated can be found in Note 2.2.(ii)

(ii) Reconciliation between the figures originally stated and those restated

|  | Balance sheet at December 31, 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Originally stated |  | Adjustments |  | Restated |
Current assets |  |  | 25,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,865 |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted short-term investments |  |  | — |  |  | 1,348 |  |  | 1,348 |
Deferred income and social contribution taxes |  |  | 369 |  |  | — |  |  | 369 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 98,592 |  |  | (10,144 | ) |  | 88,448 |
Total assets |  |  | 124,826 |  |  | (8,796 | ) |  | 116,030 |
Current liabilities |  |  | 9,020 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,020 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intercompany loans |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,368 |
Provision for abandonment |  |  | 11,316 |  |  | (8,796 | ) |  | 2,520 |
Equity |  |  | 96,122 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,122 |
Total liabilities and equity |  |  | 124,826 |  |  | (8,796 | ) |  | 116,030 |

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|  | Balance sheet at December 31, 2010 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Originally stated |  | Adjustments |  | Restated |
Current assets |  |  | 22,764 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,764 |
Non-current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted short-term investments |  |  | — |  |  | 540 |  |  | 540 |
Taxes recoverable—long term |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 49 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 116,652 |  |  | (10,415 | ) |  | 106,237 |
Total assets |  |  | 139,465 |  |  | (9,875 | ) |  | 129,590 |
Current liabilities |  |  | 38,082 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,082 |
Noncurrent liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxes payable |  |  | 1,573 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,573 |
Deferred income and social contribution taxes |  |  | 578 |  |  | — |  |  | 578 |
Provision for abandonment |  |  | 12,125 |  |  | (9,875 | ) |  | 2,250 |
Equity |  |  | 87,107 |  |  | — |  |  | 87,107 |
Total liabilities and equity |  |  | 139,465 |  |  | (9,875 | ) |  | 129,590 |

3. Summary of significant accounting practices

3.1. Functional and reporting currency

The basic financial statements are stated in Brazilian reais, the currency of the country in which the Company is incorporated and operates. Transactions in foreign currency are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate in effect on the date of each transaction. On the reporting dates, monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currency are translated to the functional currency at the closing exchange rate and the exchange variation gains and losses are recognized in the Income Statement. Non-monetary assets and liabilities acquired or contracted in foreign currency are translated as of the reporting dates based on the exchange rates in effect on the transaction dates and thus do not generate exchange variations.

The translations of Brazilian real amounts into U.S. dollar amounts are included for the convenience of readers outside Brazil and have been made as follows:

Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date (R$2.0435 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2012, and R$1.8758 to US$1.00 as of December 31, 2011). The equity accounts are translated by the historical rates. Income and expenses are translated at the average rate on a monthly basis. Gain or loss on translation is presented as a separate component of equity as an "Exchange reserve". Such translations should not be construed as representations that the Brazilian real amounts could be converted into U.S. dollars at the above or any other rate.

3.2. Recognition of assets and liabilities

An asset is recognized in the balance sheet when it is probable that future economic benefits will be generated on behalf of the Company and when its cost or value can be reliably measured.

A liability is recognized in the balance sheet when the Company has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of funds will be required to settle it. Provisions are recorded reflecting the best estimates of the risk involved.

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Assets and liabilities are classified as current when their realization or settlement is likable to occur within the subsequent twelve months. Otherwise, they are stated as non-current.

3.3. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents are held by the Company in order to meet short-term cash obligations, rather than for investment or other purposes. Cash and cash equivalents include cash and bank deposits, which are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.

3.4. Accounts receivable—Petrobras

These are stated at fair value. There is no allowance for doubtful accounts. Petrobras is the Company's sole client.

3.5. Property and equipment

Property and equipment in use are stated at acquisition, buildup or construction cost, valued at average acquisition cost, less accumulated depreciation.

Expenses with exploration, evaluation and development of production are accounted for through the successful efforts method of accounting.

Costs incurred prior to obtaining concessions and spending on geological and geophysical studies and surveys are recorded under the P&L.

Expenses with exploration and evaluation directly associated to the exploratory well are capitalized as expenses with exploration, until the drilling is completed and results thereto evaluated. These costs include costs with employee remuneration, material and fuel utilization, costs incurred with the rent of drilling rigs and other costs incurred with third parties.

In case commercially viable reserves are not discovered, the exploration well will be written-off to P&L. When reserves are discovered, the cost is still recorded under assets upon the conclusion of additional analyses regarding the commerciality of hydrocarbon reserves, which may include drilling other wells.

Exploration assets are subject to technical, commercial and financial reviews at least on an annual basis to confirm management's intention to develop and produce hydrocarbons in the area. In case the aforesaid intention is not confirmed, these costs are written-off to P&L. When reserves are identified and proved commercially viable and the development is authorized, exploratory expenses are transferred to "oil and gas assets".

In the development phase, expenditure on the construction, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities (such as platform, pipelines and drilling of development wells, including delimitating wells or unsuccessful development wells) are capitalized within "oil and gas assets".

Oil and gas assets are depreciated by the unit-of-production method, based on the ratio of oil and gas production of each field and the corresponding proven and developed reserves.

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3.6. Provision for abandonment

The filed operator-member is responsible for the dismantling of production areas before regulatory organs and environment agencies, as provided for in the joint operation agreement for the field. The operator calculates and submits the estimated well abandonment costs for the review and approval of consortium members. The Company's responsibility on the abandonment and dismantling of areas is limited to the provision and payment of amounts established thereto by the operator, in accordance with the interest percentage in the consortium. The estimated abandonment costs reported by the operator are regularly reviewed, thereby reviewing the calculation of such amount, thus adjusting assets and liabilities balances at present value.

The provision amount equivalent to the amount reported by the member-operator for future obligations due to abandonment and dismantling of areas is inflated until the expected abandonment date, and then discounted to present value. The amount is recorded under property and equipment against noncurrent liabilities (provision for abandonment) and is amortized by using the unit-of-production method in relation to proven and developed reserves, the amortization being an integral part of inventory costs. The provision is increased by the effect of the discount rate, against financial income.

3.7. Impairment of assets

Property and equipment, and other noncurrent and intangible assets are reviewed annually to identify evidence that may indicate impairment, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the book value may not be recoverable. Where applicable, the recoverable amount is calculated to check for impairment loss. When impairment evidence is found, it is recognized at the amount corresponding to the book value of assets exceeding its recoverable value, which is the higher of the fair value less cost to sell and the value in use of an asset. For evaluation purposes, assets are grouped at their lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.

3.8. Loans

Loans are adjusted based on monetary variations and include interest incurred up to the balance sheet date, based on the contractual terms.

3.9. Provision for legal disputes

A provision for contingencies is set up for legal disputes, in which the outflow of funds is considered probable and a reasonable estimate is possible. The loss probability assessment includes the evaluation of available evidence, the hierarchy of laws, available case law, the most recent court rulings and their relevance to the legal system, as well as the assessment of the external advisors. The provisions are reviewed and adjusted in order to comply with changes made to the applicable statutes of limitation, tax audit conclusions or supplementary issues identified based on new subject matters or court decisions. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company, based on the opinion of its external legal advisors, did not present any provision, due to the inexistence of actions with probable loss.

3.10. Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of the Company's financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) requires management to use professional judgment and estimates, and adopt

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assumptions that affect the amounts presented in revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities reported on the financial statements and corresponding notes.

Significant items subject to these estimates and assumptions include the economic useful life and the net book value of property and equipment and intangible assets, provision for contingencies, recoverability of assets and fair value of financial instruments. The use of estimates and judgments is complex and considers various assumptions and future projections and, therefore, the settlement of transactions may result in amounts different from those estimated. The Company reviews its estimates and assumptions on a three-month period or an annual basis.

3.11. Financial instruments

Financial instruments are only recognized as from the date on which the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of such financial instruments.

When recognized, they are initially recorded at fair value plus transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition or issue, except for financial assets and liabilities classified at fair value through profit or loss, where such costs are directly recorded in the income (loss) for the year. The subsequent measure is held on each reporting date, according to the guidelines for each financial assets and liabilities classification.

3.12. Taxation

Taxation on sales and services

Revenues from sales and services are subject to the following taxes and contributions, at the following statutory tax rates:

•
  Contribution Tax on Gross Revenue for Social Integration Program (PIS) 0.65%;
•
  Contribution Tax on Gross Revenue for Social Security Financing (COFINS) 7,65%;
•
  State VAT (ICMS) 7% to 19%;
•
  Royalties 7,5%

These charges are presented as sales deductions in the income statement.

Tax credits arising out of non-cumulative taxation of PIS/COFINS are recorded as a deduction from operating revenues and expenses in the income statement. Tax debts arising out of financial income and credits arising out of financial expenses are recorded as a deduction from said accounts in the income statement.

Current income and social contribution taxes

Taxation on profit comprises both income and social contribution taxes. Income tax is computed at a 15% rate, plus a surtax of 10% on taxable profit exceeding US$117 over 12 months, whereas social contribution tax is computed at a rate of 9% on taxable profit, both recognized on an accrual basis; therefore, additions to book income deriving from temporarily non-deductible expenses or exclusions from temporarily non-taxable revenues upon determination of current taxable profit generate deferred tax assets or liabilities. Prepaid or recoverable amounts are stated in current or noncurrent assets, based on their estimated realization.

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Deferred income and social contribution taxes

Deferred income and social contribution taxes reflect income and social contribution tax losses and temporary differences between the assets and liabilities balances and tax bases, net of valuation allowance. These temporary differences will be used to reduce future tax profits. The Company annually reviews the balance of deferred income and social contribution tax assets in relation to taxable profit projection to maintain such assets by the expected realization value.

Tax incentives

The Company is entitled to the reduction of 75% of the Income tax (Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast "SUDENE"—Tax incentive), calculated based on the profit from exploration and is conditioned to the installation infrastructure development in the area within SUDENE. The Company shall take advantage of the aforesaid benefit up to calendar year 2017. In accordance with Laws No. 11638/07 and No. 11941/09 and CPC 07—Government Subsidies and Assistance, the amount corresponding to the incentive of SUDENE calculated as from the effectiveness of the Law ("transition date") is accounted for in the P&L in the subsequent year for further allocation to profit reserve of tax incentives referring to article 195A of Law No. 6406/76, according to guideline of Law No.11941/09. The balance of this incentive may be used for capital increase purposes only.

3.13. Revenue recognition

Revenue is recognized to the extent economic benefits are likely to be generated for the Company and when such amount can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured based on fair value of the consideration received, net of discounts, rebates and taxes or charges incurred on sales.

3.14. Cash flow statements

Cash flow statements were prepared and are presented in accordance with the IAS 7—Statement of Cash Flow.

3.15. New accounting pronouncements

IAS 1—Presentation of the Financial Statements—the main alteration is the separation of components of other comprehensive income into two groups: those that will be realized against the statement of income and those that will remain in shareholders' equity. The change in the regulation is effective as from January 1, 2013. This alteration is unlikely to have any impact on the Company.

IFRS 7—Disclosures—Offsetting between Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Revisions of IFRS 7. These revisions demand that an organization discloses information about rights to offset and related agreements (for instance, guarantee agreements). The disclosures provide users with useful information for assessing the effect of offset agreements on an organization's financial condition. The revision will come into force for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. This alteration is unlikely to have any impact on the Company.

IFRS 9—Financial Instruments—this covers the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and liabilities. It was issued in November 2009 and October 2010 and replaces the sections of IAS 39 that were related to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 requires that financial assets be classified into two categories: those measured at fair value and those measured at amortized cost. The determination is made at the time of initial recognition. The classification basis depends on the organization's business model and on the contractual characteristics of the cash flow of

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the financial instruments. With regard to financial liabilities, the regulation maintains the majority of the demands established by IAS 39. The main change is that in those cases where the fair value option is adopted for financial liabilities, the portion of the change in the fair value that is due to organization's own credit risk is recorded under other comprehensive income and not in the statement of income, when it results in an accounting mismatch. The rule which was originally effective as from January 1, 2013 was altered to January 1, 2015. This alteration is unlikely to have any impact on the Company.

IFRS 10—Consolidated Financial Statements—is based on already existing principles, identifying the concept of control as being the key factor for determining whether an organization should or should not be included in the consolidated financial statements. The rule extends the concept of control and provides additional guidance for determining it. The rule is effective as from January 1, 2013. This alteration is unlikely to have any impact on the Company.

IFRS 11—Joint Arrangements—the standard defines joint arrangements based on the arrangement's rights and obligations instead of its legal form. There are two types of joint arrangements: (i) joint operations—which occur when an operator has rights over the assets and obligations over to the liabilities and, as a result, accounts for its share of the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses; and (ii) joint ventures—which occur when an operator has rights over the net assets of the arrangement and accounts for the investment in accordance with equity pickup. The proportional consolidation method will no longer be allowed in the case of joint ventures. This alteration is unlikely to have any impact on the Company.

IFRS 12—Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities—deals with the disclosure demands for all types of interest in other entities, including subsidiaries, affiliates, joint ventures, associations, interests for specific purposes and other interests. The standard is effective as from January 1, 2013. This alteration is unlikely to have any impact on the Company.

IFRS 13—Fair Value Measurement—the purpose of IFRS 13 is to improve consistency and reduce the complexity of fair value measurement, providing a more precise definition and a single source of fair value measurement and its disclosure requirements. The demands do not extend the use of accounting at fair value, but provide guidance with regard to how to apply it when its usage is required or allowed by other pronouncements. The rule is effective as from January 1, 2013. The Company's Management is of the opinion that there will not be any significant impact on its financial statements as a result of this pronouncement.

There are no other standards or interpretations that have not yet come into force which could have any impact on the Company's financial statements.

4. Net revenue

|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Gross revenue |  |  | 66,279 |  |  | 49,137 |
PIS |  |  | (1,063 | ) |  | (795 | )
COFINS |  |  | (4,898 | ) |  | (3,662 | )
ICMS |  |  | (7,393 | ) |  | (5,565 | )
Contractual rebates—discounts |  |  | (1,831 | ) |  | (958 | )
Total deductions |  |  | (15,185 | ) |  | (10,980 | )
Net revenue |  |  | 51,094 |  |  | 38,157 |

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5. Cost of products sold

|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Extraction cost |  |  | (5,641 | ) |  | (6,777 | )
Royalties and special interests |  |  | (5,164 | ) |  | (3,256 | )
Amortization and depreciation |  |  | (7,362 | ) |  | (5,530 | )
Total |  |  | (18,167 | ) |  | (15,563 | )

6. General and administrative expenses

|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Personnel |  |  | (3,127 | ) |  | (1,387 | )
Selling expenses |  |  | (42 | ) |  | (1,018 | )
Third-party services |  |  | (285 | ) |  | (566 | )
Tax expenses |  |  | (28 | ) |  | (650 | )
Other expenses |  |  | (593 | ) |  | (883 | )
Total |  |  | (4,075 | ) |  | (4,504 | )

7. Financial income (expenses)

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Financial income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | 1,043 |
Total |  |  | 1,631 |  |  | 1,043 |
Financial expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on loans |  |  | (58 | ) |  | (662 | )
Interest and fine on late payment of taxes and installment arrangements |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (30 | )
Other |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Total |  |  | (72 | ) |  | (693 | )
Monetary and foreign exchange variations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Monetary and foreign exchange gains |  |  | 2,301 |  |  | 3,688 |
Monetary and foreign exchange losses |  |  | (2,805 | ) |  | (6,245 | )
Total |  |  | (504 | ) |  | (2,557 | )
Financial income (expenses), net |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | (2,207 | )

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8. Income tax

a) Income tax—current and deferred

Current and deferred income taxes are as follows:

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Restated) |
Current income tax |  |  | (990 | ) |  | (969 | )
Current social contribution tax |  |  | (2,099 | ) |  | (1,342 | )
Total current income and social contribution taxes liability |  |  | (3,089 | ) |  | (2,311 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | (3,291 | ) |  | 634 |
Deferred social contribution tax |  |  | (1,189 | ) |  | 242 |
Total deferred income and social contribution taxes asset |  |  | (4,480 | ) |  | 876 |
Total tax expense for the year |  |  | (7,569 | ) |  | (1,435 | )

Reconciliation of income taxes and the amount established by the effective rate for 2012 and 2011 are as follows

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Income before income tax |  |  | 30,803 |  |  | 14,721 |
Statutory rate |  |  | 34 | % |  | 34 | %
Income tax at statutory rate |  |  | (10,473 | ) |  | (5,005 | )
Nondeductible expenses |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (134 | )
Donations |  |  | — |  |  | (21 | )
Other |  |  | 18 |  |  | (33 | )
Profit from tax incentive activities |  |  | 4,804 |  |  | 2,777 |
Other |  |  | (1,901 | ) |  | 981 |
Effective rate of 25% (10% in 2011) |  |  | (7,569 | ) |  | (1,435 | )
Current income tax |  |  | (3,089 | ) |  | (2,311 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | (4,480 | ) |  | 876 |

Income and social contribution taxes calculated and paid by the Company, in addition to the corresponding income tax return and accounting records are subject to the examination by tax authorities for variable statutes of limitation; after the respective periods are barred by statute, these are no longer subject to the review of authorities.

b) Deferred income tax

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Income and social contribution tax losses |  |  | — |  |  | 3,077 |
Exchange variation on loans |  |  | 355 |  |  | 461 |
Provision for impairment |  |  | — |  |  | 1,387 |
Provision for abandonment of fields |  |  | 1,181 |  |  | 933 |
Deemed cost—Manati |  |  | (5,145 | ) |  | (6,357 | )
Other temporary provisions |  |  | (193 | ) |  | 868 |
Deferred income and social contribution taxes |  |  | (3,802 | ) |  | 369 |

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The Company, based on the expected generation of future taxable profit, determined by means of a technical study approved by the management, recognized tax credits on income and social contribution tax losses and temporary differences. Management reviews the book value of deferred tax assets annually to keep such asset at the estimated realization amount.

Income and social contribution tax losses are not subject to statutes of limitation, however; the Company's offset amount is limited to up to 30% of each year's taxable profit.

9. Property and equipment

Changes in the property and equipment are described as below:

|  | Oil and gas assets |  |  |  |  |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Manati |  | BCAM-40 |  | Camarão Norte |  | Other |  | Total |
Cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2010 (Restated) |  |  | 136,532 |  |  | 2,678 |  |  | 4,471 |  |  | 636 |  |  | 144,317 |
(+) Additions |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 236 |
(-) Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | (1,163 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,163 | )
Transfers |  |  | (1,413 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,413 | )
Cumulative Translation Adjustment |  |  | (15,127 | ) |  | (252 | ) |  | (501 | ) |  | (73 | ) |  | (15,953 | )
Balance at December 31, 2011 (Restated) |  |  | 120,206 |  |  | 1,263 |  |  | 3,976 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 126,024 |
(+) Additions |  |  | 1,079 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 123 |  |  | 1,202 |
(-) Impairment |  |  | — |  |  | (1,211 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,211 | )
Cumulative Translation Adjustment |  |  | (9,912 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | (326 | ) |  | (53 | ) |  | (10,343 | )
Balances at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 111,373 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 649 |  |  | 115,672 |
Depreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at December 31, 2010 |  |  | (37,887 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (193 | ) |  | (38,080 | )
(-) Depreciation for the year |  |  | (5,542 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (73 | ) |  | (5,615 | )
Transfers |  |  | 1,414 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,414 |
Cumulative Translation Adjustment |  |  | 4,676 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  | 4,705 |
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | (37,339 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (237 | ) |  | (37,576 | )
(-) Depreciation for the year |  |  | (7,374 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |  | (7,449 | )
Cumulative Translation Adjustment |  |  | 3,384 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 3,407 |
Balances at December 31, 2012 |  |  | (41,329 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (289 | ) |  | (41,618 | )
Net book |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances at December 31, 2012 |  |  | 70,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 74,054 |
Balances at December 31, 2011 |  |  | 82,867 |  |  | 1,263 |  |  | 3,976 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 88,448 |
Balances at December 31, 2010 |  |  | 98,645 |  |  | 2,678 |  |  | 4,471 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 106,237 |
Average annual depreciation rate (in %) |  |  | 6 | % |  | 0 | % |  | 0 | % |  | 10 | % |  | 6 | %

According to Technical Pronouncement IAS 36, "Impairment of Assets", property and equipment items indicating that their recorded costs are higher than their impairment value (fair value) are reviewed to determine the necessity of provision to reduce their book value to realization value. Management conducted an annual analysis of the corresponding operating and financial performance of its assets and registered impairment losses for the BCAM-40 field due to change of expectations on its production.

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10. Cash and cash equivalents

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |  | 12/31/2010 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Restated) |  | (Restated) |
Cash and Banks |  |  | 179 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 8,158 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 9,434 |  |  | 16,642 |  |  | — |
|  |  | 9,613 |  |  | 16,890 |  |  | 8,158 |

11. Accounts receivable

Total production referring to Manati block for the year 2012 and 2011 was sold to Petrobras. Outstanding balance at December 31, 2012 totals US$ 10,347 (US$8,741 in 2011 and US$11,133 in 2010).

12. Taxes recoverable and payable

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |  | 12/31/2010 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Restated) |  | (Restated) |
Taxes recoverable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contribution Tax on Gross Revenue for Social Integration Program (PIS)/Contribution Tax on Gross Revenue for Social Security Financing (COFINS) recoverable |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |
Corporate Income Tax (IRPJ) and Social Contribution Tax on Net Profit (CSLL) Recoverable |  |  | 39 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 2,828 |
State value-added tax (ICMS) on property and equipment recoverable |  |  | 81 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 124 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 23 |
Total |  |  | 120 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 2,986 |

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |  | 12/31/2010 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Restated) |  | (Restated) |
Taxes payable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Social charges on payroll |  |  | 248 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 130 |
Royalties on production |  |  | 340 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 439 |
PIS/COFINS payable |  |  | 495 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 492 |
Provision for IRPJ and CSLL |  |  | 328 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 70 |
ICMS payable |  |  | 610 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 593 |
Other |  |  | 278 |  |  | 529 |  |  | 152 |
Total |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 2,036 |  |  | 1,876 |

The balance of ICMS recoverable arises from the entry of items designated to permanent assets and has been settled in 48 months with the ICMS payable on gas sale. Other taxes and contributions will be offset with obligations payable of the same nature.

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13. Equity

13.1. Capital

At December 31, 2011, members decided to change the unit par value of units of interest from US$0.006 to US$0.01 Hence, the Company's capital amounting to US$64,865 was divided into 11,396,871,630 (eleven billion, three hundred-ninety six million, eight hundred seventy-one thousand, six hundred thirty) units of interest.

On that same date, members decided to increase the Company's capital by US$6,808, from US$58,057 to US$64,865, by issuing 1,277,154,168 (one billion, two hundred seventy-seven million, one hundred fifty-four thousand, one hundred sixty-eight) new units of interest. This capital increase occurred when the intercompany loan agreement, recorded in current liabilities, was settled.

At December 31, 2012, the Company's capital comprises 12,674,025,798 units of interest, distributed as follows

|  | 2012 |
--- | --- | --- | ---
|  | Units of interest |  | Amount |
Panoro Energy do Brasil Ltda. |  |  | 12,674,025,797 |  |  | 64,865 |
Pan-Petroleum Holding BV |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
|  |  | 12,674,025,798 |  |  | 64,865 |

13.2. Tax incentive reserve

As provided for in Law No.11941/09, with reference to article 195A of Law 6406/76, the management of the subsidiary Rio das Contas Produtora de Petróleo Ltda. allocated to tax incentive reserve the amount inherent to tax incentive credits stated as income tax (income statement).

13.3. Deemed cost

In 2010, the Company determined the deemed cost of its property and equipment in conformity with Technical Pronouncement IFRS 1—First time adoption of international financial standards. At December 31, 2012, the deemed cost amount, net of tax effects, is US$7,581 (R$8,977 in 2011). In 2012, the amount of US$1,340 from that total was realized, net of the respective tax effects.

13.4. Dividend policy

The Articles of Organization do not confer mandatory minimum dividends to members. In 2012, a dividend distribution of US$23,803 was approved.

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14. Related parties

14.1. Intercompany loans

Loans (US$) |  | Charges |  | Maturity |  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |  | 12/31/2010 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Panoro Energy A.S.A. (US$) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | 13,862 |

Changes in loans and financing for the respective years:

|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Opening balance |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | 13,862 |
Interest |  |  | 58 |  |  | 662 |
Amortization |  |  | (8,426 | ) |  | (6,156 | )
Closing balance |  |  | — |  |  | 8,368 |

The loan agreements with Panoro Energy ASA were renewed on December 1, 2011, including a change in the maturity dates of loans, which were postponed to December 31, 2014, bearing interest at a rate of 13% p.a.

On January 27, 2012, the Company fully repaid the loans (principal and interest) taken out from Panoro Energy ASA in the amount of U$8,426.

14.2. Key management personnel compensation

For the year ended December 31, 2012, the total compensation (salaries and profit sharing) of the Company's officers was US$1,194 (US$166 at December 31, 2011).

15. Provision for abandonment

|  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |  | 12/31/2010 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
|  |  |  | (Restated) |  | (Restated) |
Provision for abandonment |  |  | 2,823 |  |  | 2,520 |  |  | 2,250 |
|  |  | 2,823 |  |  | 2,520 |  |  | 2,250 |

Changes in provision for abandonment for the respective years:

|  | 2012 |  | 2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Opening balance |  |  | 2,520 |  |  | 2,250 |
Interest |  |  | 303 |  |  | 270 |
Closing balance |  |  | 2,823 |  |  | 2,520 |

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16. Financial instruments

In the normal course of its operations, the Company is exposed to market risks such as interest rates and credit risk. These risks are monitored by management by using management and policy tools that are defined for each specific case. The Company did not have outstanding derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2012 and 2011.

Key company risk factors

a) Operational risks

Natural gas price is impacted by supply and demand issues. Factors influencing supply and demand include operational issues, natural disasters, climate changes, political instability, conflicts, economical conditions and decision taken by petroleum exporting countries. Price fluctuations may significantly impact the Company's income and financial position. Additionally, the Company may have less influence and control on the behavior, performance, and cost of operations than it would have, if it were the operator.

The entire production of Manati field is sold to Petrobras through a long-term Gas Supply Contract. The price of the gas under this contract is indexed to IGPM (General Index of Market Prices) adjusted on a yearly basis.

b) Currency risk

The Company has obligations indexed to US dollars, principally due to intercompany loans and financing, for which there are no hedge instruments aiming to protect against unexpected fluctuations, if any.

During 2012, the Brazilian Real strengthened by 9.38% (strengthened by 13.62% in 2011). If the Brazilian Real had weakened by an additional 5% against the US Dollar, with all other variables held constant, the current debt of the company would have been higher by US$ 190 (US$ 396 in 2011).

c) Credit risk

This financial instrument specially refers to cash and cash equivalents and the Company's accounts receivable. All Company's operations are conducted with banks that are known for their liquidity, thereby minimizing risks thereto. Accounts receivable are principally concentrated in Petrobras, a good standing and sound company, thereby management does not expect to face difficulties regarding the realization of credits receivable.

17. Insurance coverage

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company has insurance coverage for its facilities and equipment with the following coverage:

Risk |  | 12/31/2012 |  | 12/31/2011 |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Operational risks—Gas stations |  |  | USD 16,000 |  |  | USD 14,093 |
Petroleum risks—Gas station |  |  | USD 28,700 |  |  | USD 16,442 |
Petroleum risks—Additional expenses from Operator |  |  | USD 100,000 |  |  | USD 50,000 |
Petroleum risks—Additional expenses from Operator |  |  | USD 33,000 |  |  | USD 1,500 |

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Until , 2014, all dealers that buy, sell or trade in our common shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

Common shares

Prospectus

J.P. Morgan |  | BTG Pactual |  | Itaú BBA

Scotiabank / Howard Weil

, 2014

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Part II
Information not required in prospectus

Item 6. Indemnification of directors and officers

Section 98 of the Bermuda Companies Act provides generally that a Bermuda company may indemnify its directors, officers and auditors against any liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise be imposed on them in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, except in cases where such liability arises from fraud or dishonesty of which such director, officer or auditor may be guilty in relation to the company. Section 98 of the Bermuda Companies Act further provides that a Bermuda company may indemnify its directors, officers and auditors against any liability incurred by them in defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment is awarded in their favor or in which they are acquitted or granted relief by the Supreme Court of Bermuda pursuant to section 281 of the Bermuda Companies Act.

Our bye-laws provide that we will indemnify our officers and directors in respect of their actions and omissions, except in respect of their fraud or dishonesty and (by incorporation of the provisions of the Bermuda Companies Act) that we may advance monies to our officers and directors for the costs, charges and expenses incurred by our officers and directors in defending any civil or criminal proceeding against them on condition that the directors and officers repay the monies if any allegation of fraud or dishonesty is proved against them. Our bye-laws provide that the company and the shareholders waive all claims or rights of action that they might have, individually or in right of the company, against any of the company's directors or officers for any act or failure to act in the performance of such director's or officer's duties, except in respect of any fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer. Section 98A of the Bermuda Companies Act permits us to purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any officer or director in respect of any loss or liability attaching to him in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, whether or not we may otherwise indemnify such officer or director.

Insofar as indemnification by us for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling the company pursuant to provisions of our bye-laws, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

At the present time, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director, officer, employee or other agent of ours in which indemnification would be required or permitted. We are not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding, which may result in a claim for such indemnification.

We carry insurance policies insuring our directors and officers against certain liabilities that they may incur in their capacity as directors and officers. In addition, we expect to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors prior to completion of the offering.

In accordance with Bermuda law, share certificates are only issued in the names of companies, partnerships or individuals. In the case of a shareholder acting in a special capacity (for example as a trustee), certificates may, at the request of the shareholder, record the capacity in which the shareholder is acting. Notwithstanding such recording of any special capacity, we are not bound to investigate or see to the execution of any such trust. We will take no notice of any trust applicable to any of our common shares, whether or not we have been notified of such trust.

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Additionally, reference is made to the Underwriting Agreement filed as Exhibit 1.1. hereto, which provides for indemnification by the underwriters of GeoPark Limited, our directors and officers who sign the registration statement and persons who control GeoPark Limited, under certain circumstances.

Item 7. Recent sales of unregistered securities

On February 11, 2013, Agencia issued US$300,000,000 aggregate principal amount of notes pursuant to a private placement made under Rule 144A and Regulation S of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, which we refer to as the Notes due 2020. The Notes due 2020 were sold to Qualified Institutional Buys, or QUIBs, and offshore investors. The Notes due 2020 carry a coupon of 7.50% per annum and mature on February 11, 2020. The global coordinators for the transaction were Itau BBA USA Securities, Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, and the joint bookrunners were Itau BBA USA Securities, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Banco BTG Pactual S.A.—Cayman Branch. The aggregate underwriting discounts and commissions were US$3.55 million. The Notes due 2020 are guaranteed by us and secured on a first-priority senior secured basis. The indenture governing the Notes due 2020 contains customary covenants including, among others, restrictions on our and our subsidiaries' ability to among other things: incur additional debt; make certain restricted payments; incur liens or guarantee additional indebtedness; sell certain assets; engage in certain transactions with affiliates; engage in certain businesses; and merge with or consolidate with or into another company.

On December 2, 2010, Agencia issued a US$133,000,000 aggregate principal amount of notes pursuant to a private placement made under Regulation S of the Securities Act, which we refer to as the Notes due 2015. The Notes due 2020 were sold to QUIBs and offshore investors. The Notes due 2015 carried a coupon of 7.75% per annum and had a maturity date of December 15, 2015. Celfin International Limited was the sole bookrunner of the offering. The aggregate underwriting discounts and commissions were US$1.5 million. The Notes due 2015 were guaranteed by us and secured by a first-priority security interest in an interest reserve account and a pledge of 51% of the common shares of GeoPark Fell. The net proceeds of the Notes due 2015 were used for: (i) refinancing of our existing debt; (ii) capital expenditures in connection with our 2011 development program of oil and natural gas in the Fell Block; (iii) financing of potential acquisitions and/or investments in oil and natural gas assets, companies and/or concessions in South America and (iv) general corporate purposes. We redeemed the outstanding principal amount of Notes due 2015 in connection with our issuance of the Notes due 2020.

The following table sets forth the other common share awards to our executive directors, management and key employees since 2008.

Number of underlying common shares awarded |  | % of issued common share capital |  | Grant date |  | Exercise price |  | Vesting date |  | Expiration date |
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
976,211(1) |  |  | approximately 2.2 |  |  | December 15, 2008 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2012 |  |  | December 15, 2018 |
1,000,000(2) |  |  | approximately 2.0 |  |  | December 15, 2010 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2014 |  |  | December 15, 2020 |
500,000(3) |  |  | approximately 1.1 |  |  | December 15, 2011 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2015 |  |  | December 15, 2021 |
500,000(4) |  |  | approximately 1.1 |  |  | December 15, 2012 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 15, 2016 | (5) |  | December 15, 2022 |
500,000(6) |  |  | approximately 1.1 |  |  | June 30, 2013 |  | US$0.001 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |  |  | December 31, 2019 |

(1) Dr. Carlos Gulisano holds 100,000 of such awards.

(2) As of the date of this registration statement, there are 164,400 awards that will not vest due to the relevant employees having left the Company before the vesting date.

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(3) As of the date of this registration statement, there are 5,000 awards that will not vest due to the relevant employees having left the Company before the vesting date.

(4) As of the date of this registration statement, there are 60,000 awards that will not vest due to the relevant employees having left the Company before the vesting date.

(5) Certain programs contemplate different vesting dates, in each case before December 15, 2016.

(6) The common shares will be awarded under this program provided certain minimum financial and operational targets are met through 2015.

In addition to these common shares awarded under our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program, on August 31, 2011, we granted an aggregate award of 90,000 common shares at an exercise price of US$0.001 to certain of our former employees, of which 30,000 have already vested on 2012 and the remaining 60,000 will vest on September 2013. In addition, on November 23, 2012, we granted awards of common shares at an exercise price of US$0.001 to each of James F. Park (450,000 common shares) and Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy (270,000 common shares), in each case with a vesting date of November 23, 2015.

Taking into account all common shares issued under the maximum amount of common shares that could be issued under our Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program, the percentage of total share capital that could be awarded to our executive directors, management and key employees would represent approximately 12% of our currently issued common shares. However, we have awarded approximately 11.3% of our current total issued share capital (not including common shares to be issued in this offering and also not including shares that may be issued under the VCP program). After giving effect to the common shares to be issued in this offering, we will have awarded approximately 7.8% of our total issued share capital under the Performance-Based Employee Long-Term Incentive Program (not including shares that may be issued under the VCP program).

Item 8. Exhibits

(a) The Exhibit Index is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

(b) Financial Statement Schedules

All schedules have been omitted because they are not required, are not applicable or the information is otherwise set forth in the combined financial statements and related notes thereto.

Item 9. Undertakings

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

(2) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(3) That for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 6, 2014.

|  | GEOPARK LIMITED
|  | By: |  | /s/ JAMES F. PARK Name: James F. Park Title: Chief Executive Officer

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons on February 6, 2014 in the capacities indicated:

Name |  | Title
--- | --- | ---
/s/ JAMES F. PARK James F. Park |  | Chief Executive Officer and Deputy Chairman (principal executive officer)
/s/ ANDRÉS OCAMPO Andrés Ocampo |  | Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)
* Gerald E. O'Shaughnessy |  | Executive Chairman
* Juan Cristóbal Pavez |  | Director
* Peter Ryalls |  | Director
* Carlos Gulisano |  | Director
* Steven J. Quamme |  | Director
* Pedro Aylwin |  | Director
/s/ DONALD J. PUGLISI Donald J. Puglisi |  | Authorized Representative in the United States
/s/ JAMES F. PARK Attorney-in-Fact |  |

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Exhibit index

Exhibit no. |  | Description
--- | --- | ---
| 1.1 |  | Form of Underwriting Agreement
| 3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation*
| 3.2 |  | Memorandum of Association*
| 3.3 |  | Current Bye-laws*
| 3.4 |  | Form of amended and restated Bye-laws to take effect from the date of our delisting from AIM*
| 4.1 |  | Form of Certificate of common shares of the Registrant*
| 4.2 |  | Indenture, dated February 11, 2013, among GeoPark Chile Limited Agencia en Chile, GeoPark Limited, GeoPark Latin America Limited and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas*
| 4.3 |  | Share Pledge Agreement, dated February 11, 2013, among GeoPark Chile Limited Agencia en Chile, GeoPark Chile S.A., GeoPark Colombia S.A. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas*
| 4.4 |  | Intercompany Loan Pledge Agreement, dated February 11, 2013, among GeoPark Chile Limited Agencia en Chile, GeoPark Fell SpA., GeoPark Llanos SAS and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas*
| 4.5 |  | Supplemental Indenture, dated December 20, 2013, among GeoPark Latin America Limited Agencia en Chile, GeoPark Latin America Limited, GeoPark Limited, GeoPark Latin America Coöperatie U.A. and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas*
| 5.1 |  | Opinion of Cox Hallett Wilkinson Limited, Bermuda counsel of the Registrant, as to the validity of the common shares*
| 8.1 |  | Opinion of Cox Hallett Wilkinson Limited, Bermuda counsel of the Registrant, as to certain Bermuda tax matters*
| 10.1 |  | Special Contract for the Exploration and Exploitation of Hydrocarbons, Fell Block, dated April 29, 1997, among the Republic of Chile, the Chilean Empresa Nacional de Petróleo (ENAP) and Cordex Petroleums Inc.*
| 10.2 |  | Exploration and Production Contract regarding exploration for and exploitation of hydrocarbons in the La Cuerva Block, dated April 16, 2008, between the Colombian Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos and Hupecol Caracara LLC*
| 10.3 |  | Exploration and Production Contract regarding exploration for and exploitation of hydrocarbons in the Llanos 34 Block, dated March 13, 2009, between the Colombian Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos and Unión Temporal Llanos 34*
| 10.4 |  | Subscription and Shareholders Agreement, dated February 7, 2006, among the International Finance Corporation, GeoPark Holdings Limited, Gerald O'Shaughnessy and James F. Park*
| 10.5 |  | Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated March 26, 2012, between Hupecol Cuerva Holdings LLC and GeoPark Llanos S.A.S.*
| 10.6 |  | Subscription Agreement, dated May 20, 2011, among LG International Corporation, GeoPark Chile Limited Agencia en Chile, GeoPark Chile S.A. and GeoPark Holdings Limited*
| 10.7 |  | Shareholders' Agreement, dated May 20, 2011, among LG International Corporation, GeoPark Chile Limited Agencia en Chile and GeoPark Chile S.A.*
| 10.8 |  | Subscription Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, among LG International Corporation, GeoPark Chile Limited Agencia en Chile, GeoPark Colombia S.A. and GeoPark Holdings Limited*
| 10.9 |  | Shareholders' Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, among LG International Corporation, GeoPark Chile Limited Agencia en Chile and GeoPark Colombia S.A.*

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Exhibit no. |  | Description
--- | --- | ---
| 10.10 |  | Subordinated Loan Agreement, dated December 18, 2012, between LG International Corporation and Winchester Oil & Gas S.A.*
| 10.11 |  | Subscription Agreement, dated October 18, 2011, among LG International Corporation and GeoPark TdF S.A.*
| 10.12 |  | Shareholders' Agreement, dated October 4, 2011, among LG International Corporation, GeoPark TdF S.A. and GeoPark Chile S.A.*
| 10.13 |  | Quota Purchase Agreement, dated May 14, 2013, between Panoro Energy do Brasil Ltda. and GeoPark Brazil Exploracão e Producão de Petróleo e Gás Ltda*
| 10.14 |  | Purchase and Sale Agreement for Crude Oil and Condensate of Fell Block between Empresa Nacional del Petróleo (ENAP) and GeoPark Fell SpA*
| 10.15 |  | Purchase and Sale Agreement for Natural Gas between GeoPark Chile Limited, Agencia en Chile and Methanex Chile S.A.*†
| 10.16 |  | First Addendum and Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement for Natural Gas between GeoPark Chile Limited, Agencia en Chile and Methanex Chile S.A.*†
| 10.17 |  | Second Addendum and Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement for Natural Gas between GeoPark Chile Limited, Agencia en Chile and Methanex Chile S.A.*
| 10.18 |  | Third Addendum and Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement for Natural Gas between GeoPark Chile Limited, Agencia en Chile and Methanex Chile S.A.*†
| 10.19 |  | Fourth Addendum and Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement for Natural Gas between GeoPark Chile Limited, Agencia en Chile and Methanex Chile S.A.*†
| 10.20 |  | Members' Agreement, dated January 8, 2014, among GeoPark Latin America Coöperatie U.A., GeoPark Colombia Coöperatie U.A. and LG International Corporation*
| 21.1 |  | Subsidiaries of GeoPark Limited
| 23.1 |  | Consent of Price Waterhouse & Co, S.R.L.
| 23.2 |  | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda. (Cuerva)
| 23.3 |  | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda. (Luna)
| 23.4 |  | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Ltda. (Winchester)
| 23.5 |  | Consent of Ernst & Young Auditores Independentes S.S.
| 23.6 |  | Consent of DeGolyer and MacNaughton
| 23.7 |  | Consent of Cox Hallett Wilkinson Limited (included in Exhibit 5.1)*
| 23.8 |  | Consent of Cox Hallett Wilkinson Limited (included in Exhibit 8.1)*
| 24.1 |  | Powers of attorney (included on the signature page to this registration statement)*
| 99.1 |  | Appraisal Report of DeGolyer and MacNaughton for reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina as of December 31, 2012*
| 99.2 |  | Summary Report of DeGolyer and MacNaughton for reserves in Chile, Colombia and Argentina as of December 31, 2012*
| 99.3 |  | Appraisal Report of DeGolyer and MacNaughton for reserves in Brazil and Colombia as of June 30, 2013*
| 99.4 |  | Summary Report of DeGolyer and MacNaughton for reserves in Brazil and Colombia as of June 30, 2013*

* Previously filed.

† Confidential treatment of certain provisions of these exhibits has been requested with the SEC. Omitted material for which confidential treatment has been requested has been filed separately with the SEC.

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