Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed at least annually for impairment as of November 1. The first step of the goodwill impairment test, used to identify potential impairment, compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit is greater than zero and its estimated fair value exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. For the purpose of goodwill impairment testing, goodwill associated with the Cellu Tissue acquisition was measured at the Consumer Products reporting unit level, which is the same as the Consumer Products reportable operating segment, and goodwill associated with the Manchester acquisition was measured at the Pulp and Paperboard reporting unit level, which is the same as the Pulp and Paperboard reportable operating segment (see Note 19, "Segment Information"). As of December 31, 2017, we had goodwill of $244.2 million recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, which includes $209.1 million related to our Cellu Tissue acquisition and $35.1 million related to our Manchester acquisition, as discussed in Note 4, "Business Combinations." In addition, we recorded $25.5 million of intangible assets related to the Manchester acquisition.

As of November 1, 2017, we performed calculations of both discounted cash flow and market-based valuation models for both our Consumer Products reporting unit and our Pulp and Paperboard reporting unit. The assumptions used in these models allowed us to evaluate the estimated fair values of our reporting units. The determination of these assumptions required significant estimates on our part. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making such estimates, actual results could differ from those assumptions. However, we evaluated the merits of each significant assumption, both individually and in the aggregate, used to determine the estimated fair value of our reporting units for reasonableness. Upon completion of this exercise, we concluded that the estimated fair values of the Consumer Products reporting unit and the Pulp and Paperboard reporting unit exceeded their respective carrying amounts. We determined that no further testing was necessary and did not record any impairment loss on our goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Intangible asset amounts represent the acquisition date fair values of identifiable intangible assets acquired. The fair values of the intangible assets were determined by using the income approach, discounting projected future cash flows based on management’s expectations of the current and future operating environment. The rates used to discount projected future cash flows reflected a weighted average cost of capital based on our industry, capital structure and risk premiums including those reflected in the current market capitalization. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives, which have historically ranged from 5 to 10 years. Authoritative guidance under ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, requires that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset with a definite life that is held-for-use be evaluated for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the entity may be unable to recover the asset’s carrying amount.

We assessed our definite-lived intangible assets for impairment in 2017 and 2016 and concluded that their carrying amounts were recoverable and that no further testing was necessary. We do not have any indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded from acquisitions.

Intangible assets at the balance sheet dates are comprised of the following:



	December 31, 2017
(Dollars in thousands, lives in years)	Weighted Average Useful Life	Historical Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Balance
Customer relationships	9.3	$	62,401	$	(34,061	)	$	28,340
Trade names and trademarks	7.4	6,786		(3,000		)	3,786
Non-compete agreements	5.0	574		(574		)	—
Other intangibles	6.0	572		(156		)	416
Total intangible assets		$	70,333	$	(37,791	)	$	32,542



	December 31, 2016
(Dollars in thousands, lives in years)	Weighted Average Useful Life	Historical Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net Balance
Customer relationships	9.3	$	62,401	$	(27,364	)	$	35,037
Trade names and trademarks	7.4	6,786		(1,972		)	4,814
Non-compete agreements	5.0	574		(512		)	62
Other Intangibles	6.0	572		—			572
Total intangible assets		$	70,333	$	(29,848	)	$	40,485

As of December 31, 2017, estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):



Years ending December 31,	Amount
2018	$	7,801
2019	7,801
2020	3,246
2021	2,917
2022	2,217
Thereafter	8,560
Total	$	32,542

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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