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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission file number 000-18516

ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
--------------------------------------------------------------
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 51-0002090
-------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No)

664 Churchmans Road, Newark, Delaware 19702
------------------------------------------------------------------
(Address of principal executive offices)
(302) 453 – 6900
-----------------------------------------------------------
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol (s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | ARTNA | The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☑ | Yes | □ | No |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☑ | Yes | □ | No |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12(b)-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer □ | Accelerated Filer ☐ | Non-Accelerated Filer ☑ | Smaller Reporting Company ☒ | Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act ).

☐ | Yes | ☑ | No |

As of May 7, 2025, 9,426,633 shares of Class A Non-Voting Common Stock and 881,452 shares of Class B Common Stock were outstanding.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q

Part I | - | Financial Information: |  |
Item 1 | - | Financial Statements |  | Page(s)
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (unaudited) |  | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) |  | 4
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) |  | 5 - 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) |  | 7
|  | Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 8 - 23
Item 2 | - | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 24 - 31
Item 3 | - | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  | 31
Item 4 | - | Controls and Procedures |  | 31
Part II | - | Other Information |  | 31
Item 1 | - | Legal Proceedings |  | 32
Item 1A | - | Risk Factors |  | 32
Item 2 | - | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 32
Item 3 |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 32
Item 4 |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 32
Item 5 |  | Other Information |  | 32
Item 6 | - | Exhibits |  | 32
- |  |  |  |
Signatures |  |  |  |

2

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
Unaudited
(In thousands)

ASSETS |  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Utility plant, at original cost (less accumulated depreciation - 2025 - $195,797; 2024 - $192,253) |  | $ | 756,688 |  |  | $ | 747,186 |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 3,707 |  |  |  | 1,147 |
Accounts and other receivables (less provision for expected credit loss - 2025 - $351; 2024 - $343) |  |  | 10,082 |  |  |  | 11,339 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 624 |
Unbilled operating revenues |  |  | 1,757 |  |  |  | 1,861 |
Materials and supplies |  |  | 5,527 |  |  |  | 4,278 |
Prepaid property taxes |  |  | 1,196 |  |  |  | 2,188 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | 2,720 |  |  |  | 3,091 |
Total current assets |  |  | 25,172 |  |  |  | 24,528 |
Other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-utility property (less accumulated depreciation - 2025 - $1,132; 2024 - $1,116) |  |  | 3,587 |  |  |  | 3,603 |
Other deferred assets |  |  | 6,998 |  |  |  | 6,525 |
Goodwill |  |  | 1,939 |  |  |  | 1,939 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 414 |
Total other assets |  |  | 12,936 |  |  |  | 12,481 |
Regulatory assets, net |  |  | 14,056 |  |  |  | 14,428 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 808,852 |  |  | $ | 798,623 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  | $ | 10,303 |  |  | $ | 10,300 |
Preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 144,047 |  |  |  | 143,920 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 87,300 |  |  |  | 84,969 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 241,650 |  |  |  | 239,189 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion |  |  | 175,933 |  |  |  | 176,509 |
|  |  | 417,583 |  |  |  | 415,698 |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lines of credit |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 2,280 |  |  |  | 2,167 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 9,179 |  |  |  | 11,228 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 5,247 |  |  |  | 5,336 |
Overdraft payable |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 31 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | 930 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 1,756 |  |  |  | 500 |
Customer and other deposits |  |  | 3,400 |  |  |  | 3,347 |
Other |  |  | 2,131 |  |  |  | 2,054 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 25,627 |  |  |  | 25,593 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred credits and other liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net advances for construction |  |  | 1,554 |  |  |  | 1,582 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 403 |  |  |  | 404 |
Regulatory liabilities |  |  | 29,975 |  |  |  | 30,267 |
Deferred investment tax credits |  |  | 405 |  |  |  | 409 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 52,120 |  |  |  | 52,265 |
Total deferred credits and other liabilities |  |  | 84,457 |  |  |  | 84,927 |
Net contributions in aid of construction |  |  | 281,185 |  |  |  | 272,405 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 808,852 |  |  | $ | 798,623 |

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Unaudited
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating revenues |  |  |  |  |  |
Water sales |  | $ | 20,687 |  |  | $ | 19,825 |
Other utility operating revenue |  |  | 3,358 |  |  |  | 3,015 |
Non-utility operating revenue |  |  | 1,841 |  |  |  | 1,704 |
Total Operating Revenues |  |  | 25,886 |  |  |  | 24,544 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Utility operating expenses |  |  | 12,324 |  |  |  | 11,957 |
Non-utility operating expenses |  |  | 1,122 |  |  |  | 1,116 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,357 |  |  |  | 3,465 |
State and federal income taxes |  |  | 1,851 |  |  |  | 1,681 |
Property and other taxes |  |  | 1,686 |  |  |  | 1,606 |
Total Operating Expenses |  |  | 20,340 |  |  |  | 19,825 |
Operating income |  |  | 5,546 |  |  |  | 4,719 |
Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC) |  |  | 566 |  |  |  | 285 |
Miscellaneous income |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  | 1,574 |
Income before interest charges |  |  | 7,601 |  |  |  | 6,578 |
Interest charges |  |  | 2,166 |  |  |  | 2,167 |
Net income applicable to common stock |  | $ | 5,435 |  |  | $ | 4,411 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.43 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 10,302 |  |  |  | 10,287 |
Diluted |  |  | 10,306 |  |  |  | 10,291 |
Cash dividends per share of common stock |  | $ | 0.3014 |  |  | $ | 0.2897 |

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Unaudited
(In thousands)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,435 |  |  | $ | 4,411 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,357 |  |  |  | 3,465 |
Amortization of debt expense |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 89 |
Amortization of deferred income tax regulatory liability |  |  | (325 | ) |  |  | (111 | )
Provision for expected credit loss |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 46 |
Deferred income taxes, net |  |  | (149 | ) |  |  | (109 | )
Stock compensation |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 68 |
AFUDC, equity portion |  |  | (383 | ) |  |  | (188 | )
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts and other receivables |  |  | 1,208 |  |  |  | 1,736 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 441 |  |  |  | 1,741 |
Unbilled operating revenues |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 206 |
Materials and supplies |  |  | (1,249 | ) |  |  | 1,130 |
Income tax payable |  |  | 1,256 |  |  |  | 824 |
Prepaid property taxes |  |  | 992 |  |  |  | 1,133 |
Prepaid expenses and other |  |  | 371 |  |  |  | 409 |
Other deferred assets |  |  | (482 | ) |  |  | (560 | )
Regulatory assets |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (54 | )
Regulatory liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | (581 | )
Accrued expenses |  |  | (231 | ) |  |  | (580 | )
Accrued interest |  |  | 404 |  |  |  | (435 | )
Customer deposits and other, net |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | (42 | )
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  | 10,958 |  |  |  | 12,594 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures (net of AFUDC, equity portion) |  |  | (10,398 | ) |  |  | (8,922 | )
Proceeds from sale of assets |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 600 |
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  | (10,395 | ) |  |  | (8,322 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayments under lines of credit agreements |  |  | (357 | ) |  |  | — |
Borrowings under lines of credit agreements |  |  | 357 |  |  |  | — |
Increase in overdraft payable |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | 44 |
Proceeds from contributions in aid of construction and advances |  |  | 5,840 |  |  |  | 5,393 |
Payouts for contributions in aid of construction and advances |  |  | (630 | ) |  |  | (193 | )
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 90 |
Issuance of long–term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 758 |
Dividends paid |  |  | (3,104 | ) |  |  | (2,980 | )
Principal repayments of long-term debt |  |  | (463 | ) |  |  | (386 | )
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  | 1,997 |  |  |  | 2,726 |

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ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS CONTINUED
Unaudited
(In thousands)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |  | $ | 2,560 |  |  | $ | 6,998 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD |  |  | 1,147 |  |  |  | 2,505 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD |  | $ | 3,707 |  |  | $ | 9,503 |

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information |  |  |
|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Non-cash Investing and Financing Activity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Utility plant received as construction advances and contributions |  | $ | 4,774 |  |  | $ | 3,167 |
Change in amounts included in accounts payable, accrued payables and other related to capital expenditures |  | $ | (1,810 | ) |  | $ | 102 |
Interest paid |  | $ | 1,674 |  |  | $ | 2,513 |
Income taxes paid |  | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Income taxes refunded |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 701 |

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Unaudited
(In thousands)

|  | Common Shares Outstanding Class A Non-Voting (1) (3) (4) |  |  | Common Shares Outstanding Class B Voting (2) |  |  | $1 Par Value Class A Non-Voting |  |  | $1 Par Value Class B Voting |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  |  | 9,404 |  |  |  | 881 |  |  | $ | 9,404 |  |  | $ | 881 |  |  | $ | 143,369 |  |  | $ | 76,743 |  |  | $ | 230,397 |
Net income |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 4,411 |  |  |  | 4,411 |
Cash dividends declared |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | (2,980 | ) |  |  | (2,980 | )
Issuance of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend reinvestment plan |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 90 |
Employee stock options and awards(4) |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 68 |
Employee Retirement Plan(3) |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |  |  | 9,407 |  |  |  | 881 |  |  | $ | 9,407 |  |  | $ | 881 |  |  |  | 143,524 |  |  |  | 78,174 |  |  |  | 231,986 |

|  | Common Shares Outstanding Class A Non-Voting (1) (3) (4) |  |  | Common Shares Outstanding Class B Voting (2) |  |  | $1 Par Value Class A Non-Voting |  |  | $1 Par Value Class B Voting |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |  |  | 9,419 |  |  |  | 881 |  |  | $ | 9,419 |  |  | $ | 881 |  |  | $ | 143,920 |  |  | $ | 84,969 |  |  | $ | 239,189 |
Net income |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 5,435 |  |  |  | 5,435 |
Cash dividends declared |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | (3,104 | ) |  |  | (3,104 | )
Issuance of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend reinvestment plan |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 85 |
Employee stock options and awards(4) |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | 45 |
Employee Retirement Plan(3) |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |
Balance as of March 31, 2025 |  |  | 9,422 |  |  |  | 881 |  |  | $ | 9,422 |  |  | $ | 881 |  |  | $ | 144,047 |  |  | $ | 87,300 |  |  | $ | 241,650 |

(1) | At March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, Class A Stock had 15,000,000 shares authorized. For the same periods, shares issued, inclusive of treasury shares, were 9,450,519 and 9,435,785, respectively.

(2) | At March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, Class B Stock had 1,040,000 shares authorized and 881,452 shares issued.

(3) | Artesian Resources Corporation registered 200,000 shares of Class A Stock, subsequently adjusted for stock splits, available for purchase through the Company’s 401(k) retirement plan.

(4) | Under the Equity Compensation Plan, effective December 9, 2015, or the 2015 Plan, Artesian Resources Corporation authorized up to 331,500 shares of Class A Stock for issuance of grants in the form of stock options, stock units, dividend equivalents and other stock-based awards, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances as discussed in the 2015 Plan. Includes stock compensation expense for March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, See Note 8 - Stock Compensation Plans.

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 – GENERAL
Artesian Resources Corporation, or Artesian Resources, includes income from the earnings of all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries. The terms "we", "our", "Artesian" and the "Company" as used herein refer to Artesian Resources and its subsidiaries.
DELAWARE REGULATED UTILITY SUBSIDIARIES
Artesian Water Company, Inc., or Artesian Water, distributes and sells water to residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, municipal and utility customers throughout the State of Delaware. In addition, Artesian Water provides services to other water utilities, including operations, and has contract operation agreements with private, municipal and state water providers. Artesian Water also provides water for public and private fire protection to customers in our service territories.
Artesian Wastewater Management, Inc., or Artesian Wastewater, operates as the parent holding company of Tidewater Environmental Services, Inc. dba Artesian Wastewater, or TESI. Artesian Wastewater and TESI are regulated entities that own wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure and provide wastewater services to customers in Sussex County, Delaware as regulated public wastewater service companies.
MARYLAND REGULATED UTILITY SUBSIDIARIES
Artesian Water Maryland, Inc., or Artesian Water Maryland, distributes and sells water to residential, commercial, industrial and municipal customers in Cecil County, Maryland.
Artesian Wastewater Maryland, Inc., or Artesian Wastewater Maryland, is authorized and able to provide regulated wastewater services to customers in the State of Maryland. It is currently not providing these services.
PENNSYLVANIA REGULATED UTILITY SUBSIDIARY
Artesian Water Pennsylvania, Inc., or Artesian Water Pennsylvania, provides water service to a residential community in Chester County, Pennsylvania.
OTHER NON-UTILITY SUBSIDIARIES
We have two other subsidiaries, neither of which are regulated. They are Artesian Utility Development, Inc., or Artesian Utility, and Artesian Development Corporation, or Artesian Development.
Artesian Utility designs and builds water and wastewater infrastructure and provides contract water and wastewater operation services on the Delmarva Peninsula to private, municipal and governmental institutions. Artesian Utility also evaluates land parcels, provides recommendations to developers on the size of water or wastewater facilities and the type of technology that should be used for treatment at such facilities, and operates water and wastewater facilities in Delaware for municipal and governmental agencies. Artesian Utility also contracts with developers and government agencies for design and construction of wastewater infrastructure throughout the Delmarva Peninsula.
Artesian Utility currently operates wastewater treatment facilities for the Town of Middletown, in southern New Castle County, Delaware, or Middletown, under a 20-year contract that expires in July 2039. Artesian Utility currently operates three wastewater treatment systems with a combined capacity of up to approximately 3.8 million gallons per day. The wastewater treatment facilities in Middletown provide reclaimed wastewater for use in spray irrigation on public and agricultural lands in the area.
Artesian Utility also offers three protection plans to customers, the Water Service Line Protection Plan, or WSLP Plan, the Sewer Service Line Protection Plan, or SSLP Plan, and the Internal Service Line Protection Plan, or ISLP Plan (collectively, SLP Plan or SLP Plans). The WSLP Plan covers all parts, material and labor required to repair or replace participating customers’ leaking water service lines up to an annual limit. The SSLP Plan covers all parts, material and labor required to repair or replace participating customers’ leaking or clogged sewer lines up to an annual limit. The ISLP Plan enhances available coverage to include water and wastewater lines within customers’ residences up to an annual limit.
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Artesian Development is a real estate holding company that owns properties, including land approved for office buildings, a water treatment plant and wastewater facility, as well as property for current operations, including an office facility in Sussex County, Delaware. The office facility consists of approximately 10,000 square feet of office space along with nearly 7,000 square feet of warehouse space.
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, for Form 10-Q. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information provided not misleading. Accordingly, these condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2024 as filed with the SEC on March 26, 2025.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Artesian Resources Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries, including its principal operating company, Artesian Water. In the opinion of the Company, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments (unless otherwise noted) necessary to present fairly the Company’s balance sheet position as of March 31, 2025, the results of its operations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, its cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 and the changes in stockholders’ equity for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024. The December 31, 2024 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from the Company’s December 31, 2024 audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures and notes normally provided in annual financial statements.
The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or for future periods.
Reclassification
Certain accounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform with the presentation in the current year financial statements. These reclassifications had no effect on net income or stockholders' equity.
Regulated Utility Accounting
The accounting records of Artesian Water, Artesian Wastewater, and TESI are maintained in accordance with the uniform system of accounts as prescribed by the Delaware Public Service Commission, or the DEPSC. The accounting records of Artesian Water Pennsylvania are maintained in accordance with the uniform system of accounts as prescribed by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, or the PAPUC. The accounting records of Artesian Water Maryland, and Artesian Wastewater Maryland, are maintained in accordance with the uniform system of accounts as prescribed by the Maryland Public Service Commission, or the MDPSC. All these subsidiaries follow the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 980, Regulated Operations, which provides guidance for companies in regulated industries. These regulated subsidiaries account for the majority of our operating revenue. See Note 16 - Business Segment Information to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of our segment information.
Use of Estimates
The condensed consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., which require management to make certain estimates and assumptions that could impact the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Actual results could differ from management's estimates. Management makes certain estimates and assumptions regarding unbilled revenues, accounting for income taxes, credit losses and reserves for bad debt, lease agreements, goodwill and contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Utility Plant
All additions to utility plant are recorded at cost. Business combinations pursuant to ASC 805, Business Combinations, may result in a purchase price allocation and the acquired assets are required to be evaluated by the applicable regulatory agency.
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Depreciation and Amortization
For financial reporting purposes, depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method at rates based on estimated economic useful lives, which range from 5 to 85 years. Composite depreciation rates for water utility plant were 1.93% and 1.93% for March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. In a rate order issued by the DEPSC, the Company was directed effective June 12, 2024, to begin using revised depreciation rates for utility plant in Artesian Water, which are based on the estimated useful life years. Artesian Water offsets depreciation recorded on utility plant by depreciation on utility property funded by Contributions in Aid of Construction, or CIAC, and Advances for Construction, or Advances. This reduction in depreciation expense is also netted against outstanding CIAC and Advances on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Certain other deferred assets are amortized using the straight-line method over applicable lives, which range from 20 to 24 years.
NOTE 3 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
Background
Artesian’s operating revenues are primarily derived from contract services based upon regulated tariff rates approved by the DEPSC, the MDPSC, and the PAPUC. Regulated tariff contract service revenues consist of water consumption, industrial wastewater services, fixed fees for water and wastewater services including customer and fire protection fees, service charges and Distribution System Improvement Charges, or DSIC, billed to customers at rates outlined in our tariffs that represent standalone selling prices. Our non-tariff contract revenues, which are primarily non-utility revenues, are derived from SLP Plan fees, water and wastewater contract operations, design and installation contract services, and wastewater inspection fees. Other regulated operating revenue is primarily derived from developer guarantee contributions for wastewater and rental income for antenna agreements, which are not considered in the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.
Tariff Contract Revenues
Artesian generates revenue from the sale of water to customers in Delaware, Cecil County, Maryland, and Southern Chester County, Pennsylvania once a customer requests service in our territory. We recognize water consumption revenue at tariff rates on a cycle basis for the volume of water transferred to customers based upon meter readings for actual gallons of water consumed as well as unbilled amounts for estimated usage from the date of the last meter reading to the end of the accounting period. As actual usage amounts are known based on recurring meter readings, adjustments are made to the unbilled estimates in the next billing cycle based on the actual results. Estimates are made on an individual customer basis, based on one of three methods: the previous year’s consumption in the same period, the previous billing period’s consumption, or averaging. While actual usage for individual customers may differ from the estimate based on management judgments described above, we believe the overall total estimate of consumption and revenue for the fiscal period will not differ materially from actual billed consumption. The majority of our water customers are billed for water consumed on a monthly basis, while the remaining customers are billed on a quarterly basis. As a result, we record unbilled operating revenue (contract asset) for any estimated usage through the end of the accounting period that will be billed in the next monthly or quarterly billing cycle.
Artesian generates revenue from industrial wastewater services provided to a customer in Sussex County, Delaware. We recognize industrial wastewater service revenue at a contract rate on a monthly basis for the volume of wastewater transferred to Artesian’s wastewater facilities based upon meter readings for actual gallons of wastewater transferred. These services are invoiced at the end of every month based on the actual meter readings for that month, and therefore there is no contract asset or liability associated with this revenue. The contract also provides for a minimum required volume of wastewater flow to our facility. At each year end, any shortfall of the actual volume from the required minimum volume is billed to the industrial customer and recorded as revenue. Additionally, if during the course of the year it is probable that the actual volume will not meet the minimum required volume, estimated revenue amounts would be recorded for the pro rata minimum volume, constrained for potential flow capacity that could occur in the remainder of the year. Any estimated revenue amounts are recorded as unbilled operating revenue (contract asset) through the end of the accounting period and will be billed at each year end for any shortfall of the actual volume from the required minimal volume.
Artesian generates revenue from metered wastewater services provided to customers in Sussex County, Delaware. We recognize metered wastewater services at tariff rates on a cycle basis for the volume of wastewater transferred to Artesian’s wastewater facilities based upon meter readings for actual gallons of water transferred, as well as unbilled amounts for estimated volume from the date of the last meter reading to the end of the accounting period. As actual volume amounts are known based on recurring meter readings, adjustments are made to the unbilled estimates in the next billing cycle based on the actual results. Estimates are made on an individual customer basis, based on one of three methods: the previous year’s volume in the same period, the previous billing period’s volume, or averaging. While actual usage for individual customers may differ from the estimate based on management judgments described above, we believe the overall total estimate of volume and revenue for the fiscal period will not differ materially from actual billed consumption. The majority of these wastewater customers are billed for the volume of water transferred on a quarterly basis. As a result, we record unbilled operating revenue (contract asset) for any estimated volume through the end of the accounting period that will be billed in the next quarterly cycle.
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Artesian generates fixed-fee revenue for water and wastewater services provided to customers once a customer requests service in our territory. We recognize revenue from these services on a ratable basis over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes all the benefits of the Company remaining ready to provide them water and wastewater service. These contract services are billed either in advance or arrears at tariff rates on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. For contract services billed in arrears, we record unbilled operating revenue (contract asset) for any services through the end of the accounting period that will be billed in the next monthly or quarterly cycle. For contract services billed in advance, we record deferred revenue (contract liability) and accounts receivable for any amounts for which we have a right to invoice but for which services have not been provided. This deferred revenue is netted against unbilled operating revenue on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Artesian generates service charges primarily from non-payment fees, such as water shut-off and reconnection fees and finance charges. These fees are billed and recognized as revenue at the point in time when our tariff indicates the Company has the right to payment such as days past due have been reached or shut-offs and reconnections have been performed. There is no contract asset or liability associated with these fees.
Artesian generates revenue from DSIC, which are surcharges applied to water customer tariff rates in Delaware related to specific types of water distribution system improvements. This rate is calculated on a semi-annual basis based on an approved projected revenue requirement over the following six-month period. This rate is adjusted up or down at the next DSIC filing to account for any differences between actual earned revenue and the projected revenue requirement. Since DSIC revenue is a surcharge applied to tariff rates, we recognize DSIC revenue based on the same guidelines as noted above depending on whether the surcharge was applied to consumption revenue or fixed-fee revenue.
Artesian generates revenue from interim temporary rates. In Delaware, utilities are permitted by law to place rates into effect, under bond, on a temporary basis, pending resolution of an application for a base rate increase by the DEPSC. Temporary rate revenue is calculated as a percentage increase on tariff rates. We recognize this revenue based on the same guidelines as noted above depending on whether the additional rate was applied to consumption revenue or fixed-fee revenue. Until final rates are determined by the DEPSC, if it is probable that a refund of revenue associated with temporary rates will occur, a reserve would be recorded reducing revenue from temporary rates. Temporary rates that were previously effective as of November 28, 2023 were replaced with final rates effective June 12, 2024, with no reserve or reduction to previously recorded revenue, as approved by the DEPSC.
Accounts receivable related to tariff contract revenues are typically due within 25 days of invoicing. A provision for expected credit loss is calculated as a percentage of total associated revenues based upon historical trends and adjusted for current conditions. We mitigate our exposure to credit losses by discontinuing services in the event of non-payment; accordingly, the related provision for expected credit loss and associated bad debt expense has not been significant.
Non-tariff Contract Revenues
Artesian generates SLP Plan revenue once a customer requests service to cover all parts, materials and labor required to repair or replace leaking water service lines, leaking or clogged sewer lines, or water and wastewater lines within the customer’s residence, up to an annual limit. We recognize revenue from these services on a ratable basis over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes all the benefits of having service line protection services. These contract services are billed in advance on a monthly or quarterly basis. As a result, we record deferred revenue (contract liability) and accounts receivable for any amounts for which we have a right to invoice but for which services have not been provided. Accounts receivable from SLP Plan customers are typically due within 25 days of invoicing. A provision for expected credit loss is calculated as a percentage of total SLP Plan contract revenue. We mitigate our exposure to credit losses by discontinuing services in the event of non-payment; accordingly, the related provision for expected credit loss and associated bad debt expense has not been significant.
Artesian generates contract operation revenue from water and wastewater operation services provided to customers. We recognize revenue from these operation contracts, which consist primarily of monthly operation and maintenance services, over time as customers receive and consume the benefits of such services performed. The majority of these services are invoiced in advance at the beginning of every month and are typically due within 30 days, and therefore there is no contract asset or liability associated with most of these revenues. We have one operation contract that was paid in advance resulting in a contract liability for services that have not yet been provided. A provision for expected credit loss is provided based on a periodic analysis of individual account balances, including an evaluation of days outstanding, payment history, recent payment trends, and our assessment of our customers’ creditworthiness. The related provision for expected credit loss and associated bad debt expense has not been significant.
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Artesian generates design and installation revenue for services related to the design and construction of wastewater infrastructure for a state agency under contract. We recognize revenue from these services over time as services are performed using the percentage-of-completion method based on an input method of incurred costs (cost-to-cost). These services are invoiced at the end of every month based on incurred costs to date. As of March 31, 2025, there is no associated contract asset or liability. There is no provision for expected credit loss or bad debt expense associated with this revenue.
Artesian generates inspection fee revenue for inspection services related to onsite wastewater collection systems installed by developers of new communities. These fees are paid by developers in advance when a service is requested for a new phase of a development. Inspection fee revenue is recognized on a per lot basis once the inspection of the infrastructure that serves each lot is completed. As a result, we record deferred revenue (contract liability) for any amounts related to infrastructure not yet inspected. There are no accounts receivable, provision for expected credit loss or bad debt expense associated with inspection fee contracts.
Sales Tax
The majority of Artesian’s revenues are earned within the State of Delaware, where there is no sales tax. Revenues earned in the State of Maryland and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are related primarily to the sale of water by a public water utility and are exempt from sales tax. Therefore, no sales tax is collected on revenues.
Disaggregated Revenues
The following table shows the Company’s revenues disaggregated by service type; all revenues are generated within a similar geographical location:

(in thousands) |  | Three months ended March 31, 2025 |  |  | Three months ended March 31, 2024 |
Tariff Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumption charges |  | $ | 13,022 |  |  | $ | 12,311 |
Fixed fees |  |  | 9,266 |  |  |  | 9,320 |
Service charges |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 201 |
DSIC |  |  | 299 |  |  |  | — |
Metered wastewater services |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 139 |
Industrial wastewater services |  |  | 432 |  |  |  | 398 |
Total Tariff Revenue |  | $ | 23,386 |  |  | $ | 22,369 |
Non-Tariff Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service line protection plans |  | $ | 1,632 |  |  | $ | 1,431 |
Contract operations |  |  | 253 |  |  |  | 267 |
Design and installation |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 54 |
Inspection fees |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 76 |
Total Non-Tariff Revenue |  | $ | 2,060 |  |  | $ | 1,828 |
Other Operating Revenue |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | 347 |
Total Operating Revenue |  | $ | 25,886 |  |  | $ | 24,544 |

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Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Our contract assets and liabilities consist of the following:

(in thousands) |  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Contract Assets – Tariff |  | $ | 2,861 |  |  | $ | 3,030 |
Deferred Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred Revenue – Tariff |  | $ | 1,324 |  |  | $ | 1,385 |
Deferred Revenue – Non-Tariff |  |  | 707 |  |  |  | 714 |
Total Deferred Revenue |  | $ | 2,031 |  |  | $ | 2,099 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recognized revenue of $1.4 million from amounts that were included in Deferred Revenue – Tariff at the beginning of the year and revenue of $0.4 million from amounts that were included in Deferred Revenue – Non- Tariff at the beginning of the year.
The changes in Contract Assets and Deferred Revenue are primarily due to normal timing differences between our performance and customer payments.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Deferred Revenue – Tariff is recorded net of contract assets within Unbilled operating revenues and represents our remaining performance obligations for our fixed fee water and wastewater services, all of which are expected to be satisfied and associated revenue recognized in the next three months.
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Deferred Revenue – Non-Tariff is recorded within Other current liabilities and represents our remaining performance obligations for our SLP Plan services, contract water operation services and wastewater inspections, which are expected to be satisfied and associated revenue recognized within the next three months, approximately four years and one year, respectively.
NOTE 4 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amounts. As set forth in a settlement agreement, Artesian Water will receive reimbursements from the Delaware Sand and Gravel Remedial Trust, or Trust, for Artesian Water’s past capital and operating costs, totaling approximately $10.0 million, related to the treatment costs associated with the release of contaminants from the Delaware Sand & Gravel Landfill Superfund Site, or Site, in groundwater that Artesian Water uses for public potable water supply. Three installments for approximately $2.5 million each were paid in August 2022, July 2023 and July 2024. The final $2.5 million installment payment is due no later than July 2025. In addition, the Trust shall reimburse Artesian Water for documented reasonable and necessary capital and operating costs after July 1, 2021 that Artesian Water incurs to treat contaminants of concern and of emerging concern.
A provision for expected credit loss is calculated as a percentage of total associated revenues based upon historical trends and adjusted for current and reasonable projections based upon expected economic conditions. We mitigate our exposure to credit losses by discontinuing services in the event of non-payment; accordingly, the related provision for expected credit loss and associated bad debt expense has not been significant. The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s accounts receivable balance:

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Customer accounts receivable – water |  | $ | 6,264 |  |  | $ | 6,824 |  |  | $ | 6,573 |
Customer accounts receivable – wastewater |  |  | 725 |  |  |  | 928 |  |  |  | 869 |
Customer accounts receivable – SLP Plan |  |  | 435 |  |  |  | 470 |  |  |  | 409 |
Settlement agreement receivable – short term |  |  | 2,500 |  |  |  | 2,523 |  |  |  | 2,747 |
Developer receivable |  |  | 425 |  |  |  | 837 |  |  |  | 2,089 |
Miscellaneous accounts receivable |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 471 |
|  |  | 10,433 |  |  |  | 11,682 |  |  |  | 13,158 |
Less: provision for expected credit loss |  |  | 351 |  |  |  | 343 |  |  |  | 328 |
Net accounts receivable |  | $ | 10,082 |  |  | $ | 11,339 |  |  | $ | 12,830 |

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NOTE 5 – LEASES
The Company leases land and office equipment under operating leases from non-related parties. Our leases have remaining lease terms of 3 years to 72 years, some of which include options to automatically extend the leases for up to 66 years and are included as part of the lease liability and right -of- use assets as we expect to exercise the options. One of the leases for land was terminated in its entirety effective October 10, 2024. The remaining lease liability and right-of-use asset for the terminated lease was removed in the fourth quarter of 2024. The difference between the carrying amounts of the right-of-use asset and the lease liability was recorded in the income statement. Payments made under operating leases are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease. The annual lease payment for the remaining land operating lease increases each year by the most recent increase in the Consumer Price Index and includes a provision to periodically adjust the annual lease payment based on the fair market value of the parcel of land. None of the operating leases contain contingent rent provisions. The commencement date of all the operating leases is the earlier of the date we become legally obligated to make rent payments or the date we may exercise control over the use of the land or equipment. The Company currently does not have any financing leases and does not have any lessor leases that require disclosure.
Management made certain assumptions related to the separation of lease and nonlease components and to the discount rate used when calculating the right -of- use asset and liability amounts for the operating leases. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rates for long-term and short-term agreements and apply the rates accordingly based on the term of the lease agreements to determine the present value of lease payments.
Rent expense for all operating leases, except those with terms of 12 months or less, comprises:

| (in thousands) |
| Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |
| March 31, 2025 |  | March 31, 2024 |
Minimum rentals |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Contingent rentals |  |  | – |  |  |  | – |
|  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 4 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:

| (in thousands) |
| Three Months Ended |  |  | Three Months Ended |
| March 31, 2025 |  |  | March 31, 2024 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | 504 |

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

|  | (in thousands, except lease term and discount rate) |
|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Operating Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | 414 |
Other current liabilities |  | $ | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 403 |  |  |  | 404 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 411 |  |  | $ | 412 |
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | 68 years |  |  | 68 years |
Weighted Average Discount Rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  | 5.0 | %

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Maturities of operating lease liabilities that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of March 31, 2025 are as follows:

|  | (in thousands) |
|  | Operating Leases |
Year |  |  |
2025 |  | $ | 28 |
2026 |  |  | 28 |
2027 |  |  | 28 |
2028 |  |  | 20 |
2029 |  |  | 20 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,320 |
Total undiscounted lease payments |  | $ | 1,444 |
Less effects of discounting |  |  | (1,033 | )
Total lease liabilities recognized |  | $ | 411 |

As of March 31, 2025, we have not entered into operating or finance leases that will commence at a future date.
NOTE 6 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument for which it is practicable to estimate that value.
Current Assets and Liabilities
For those current assets and liabilities that are considered financial instruments, the carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments. Under the fair value hierarchy, the fair value of such financial instruments is classified as a Level 1.
Long-term Financial Liabilities
As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, all of the Company’s outstanding long-term debt interest rates were a fixed rate. The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt is determined by discounting their future cash flows using current market interest rates on similar instruments with comparable maturities consistent with ASC 825, Financial Instruments. Under the fair value hierarchy, the fair value of the long-term debt in the table below is classified as Level 2 measurements. Level 2 is valued using observable inputs other than quoted prices. The fair values for long-term debt differ from the carrying values primarily due to interest rates that differ from the current market interest rates. The carrying amount and fair value of Artesian Resources' long-term debt (including current portion) are shown below:

(in thousands) |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Carrying amount |  | $ | 178,213 |  |  | $ | 178,676 |
Estimated fair value |  |  | 159,926 |  |  |  | 154,795 |

The fair value of Advances for Construction cannot be reasonably estimated due to the inability to estimate accurately the timing and amounts of future refunds expected to be paid over the life of the contracts. Refund payments are based on the water sales to new customers in the particular development constructed. The fair value of Advances for Construction would be less than the carrying amount because these financial instruments are non-interest bearing.
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NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES
Deferred income taxes are provided in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, on all differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the amounts at which they are carried in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when such temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Company’s rate regulated subsidiaries recognize regulatory liabilities, to the extent considered in ratemaking, for deferred taxes provided in excess of the current statutory tax rate and regulatory assets for deferred taxes provided at rates less than the current statutory rate. Such tax-related regulatory assets and liabilities are reported at the revenue requirement level and amortized to income as the related temporary differences reverse, generally over the lives of the related properties.
Under ASC 740, Income Taxes, an uncertain tax position represents our expected treatment of a tax position taken, or planned to be taken in the future, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. The Company establishes reserves for uncertain tax positions based upon management's judgment as to the sustainability of these positions. These accounting estimates related to the uncertain tax position reserve require judgments to be made as to the sustainability of each uncertain tax position based on its technical merits. The Company believes its tax positions comply with applicable law and that it has adequately recorded reserves as required. However, to the extent the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the estimates recorded, the Company would then adjust its tax reserves or unrecognized tax benefits in the period that this information becomes known. The Company has elected to recognize accrued interest (net of related tax benefits) and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of its income tax expense. For the full year 2024, the Company accrued approximately $17 thousand in penalties and interest related to positions taken on the 2022 corporate income tax return. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company has accrued approximately $4 thousand in penalties and interest related to positions taken on the 2022 corporate income tax return. The Company remains subject to examination by federal and state authorities for the tax years 2021 through 2024.
Investment tax credits were deferred through 1986 and are recognized as a reduction of deferred income tax expense over the estimated economic useful lives of the related assets.
NOTE 8 – STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS
On December 9, 2015, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2015 Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2015 Plan, that replaced the 2005 Equity Compensation Plan, or the 2005 Plan, which expired on May 24, 2015. The 2015 Plan provides that grants may be in any of the following forms: incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock units, stock awards, dividend equivalents and other stock-based awards. The 2015 Plan is administered and interpreted by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, or the Committee. The Committee has the authority to determine the individuals to whom grants will be made under the 2015 Plan, determine the type, size and terms of the grants, determine the time when grants will be made and the duration of any applicable exercise or restriction period (subject to the limitations of the 2015 Plan) and deal with any other matters arising under the 2015 Plan. The Committee presently consists of three directors, each of whom is a non-employee director of the Company. All of the employees of the Company and its subsidiaries are eligible for grants under the 2015 Plan. Non-employee directors of the Company are also eligible to receive grants under the 2015 Plan.
On May 6, 2024, 5,000 shares of Class A Non-Voting Common Stock, or Class A Stock, were granted as restricted stock awards. The fair value per share was $37.07, the closing price of the Class A Stock as recorded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on May 6, 2024. These restricted stock awards will be fully vested and released one year after the grant date and, prior to their vesting date, are subject to forfeiture in the event of the recipient’s termination of service.
Compensation expense of approximately $46 thousand, related to the May 2024 issue of restricted stock awards, was recorded for three months ended March 31, 2025. Compensation expense of approximately $68 thousand was recorded for three months ended March 31, 2024 for restricted stock awards issued in May 2023. Costs were determined based on the fair value on the dates of the awards and those costs were charged to income over the service periods associated with the awards.
There was no stock compensation cost capitalized as part of an asset.
The following summary reflects changes in the shares of Class A Stock underlying options and restricted stock awards for the three months ended March 31, 2025:
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|  | Options |  |  | Restricted Awards |
|  | Option Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Life (Yrs.) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |  |  | Outstanding Restricted Stock Awards |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Plan options/restricted stock awards |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at Janaury 1, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 37.07 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Exercised/vested and released |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Expired/cancelled |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Outstanding at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 37.07 |
Exercisable/vested at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

There were no options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
There were no unvested option shares outstanding under the 2015 Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
As of March 31, 2025, there were no unrecognized expenses related to non-vested option shares granted under the 2015 Plan.
As of March 31, 2025, there was approximately $18 thousand total unrecognized expenses related to non-vested awards of restricted shares awarded under the 2015 Plan. The cost will be recognized over 0.10 years, the remaining vesting period for the restricted stock awards.
NOTE 9 – GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF CUSTOMERS
Artesian Water, Artesian Water Maryland and Artesian Water Pennsylvania provide regulated water utility service to customers within their established service territory in all three counties of Delaware and in portions of Maryland and Pennsylvania, pursuant to rates filed with and approved by the DEPSC, the MDPSC and the PAPUC. As of March 31, 2025 Artesian Water was serving approximately 97,700 customers, Artesian Water Maryland was serving approximately 2,700 customers and Artesian Water Pennsylvania was serving approximately 40 customers.
Artesian Wastewater and TESI provide regulated wastewater utility service to customers within their established service territory in Sussex County, Delaware pursuant to rates filed with and approved by the DEPSC. As of March 31, 2025, Artesian Wastewater and TESI were serving approximately 8,700 customers combined, including one large industrial customer.
NOTE 10 – OTHER DEFERRED ASSETS
The investment in CoBank, ACB, or CoBank, which is a cooperative bank, is related to certain outstanding First Mortgage Bonds and is a required investment in the bank based on the underlying long-term debt agreements.

(in thousands) |  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Investment in CoBank |  | $ | 6,889 |  |  | $ | 6,425 |
Other deferred assets |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 100 |
|  | $ | 6,998 |  |  | $ | 6,525 |

N OTE 11 – REGULATORY ASSETS
The ASC 980, Regulated Operations, stipulates generally accepted accounting principles for companies whose rates are established or subject to approvals by a third-party regulatory agency. Certain expenses are recoverable through rates charged to our customers, without a return on investment, and are deferred and amortized during future periods using various methods as permitted by the DEPSC, MDPSC, and PAPUC.
The deferred income taxes will be amortized over future years as the tax effects of temporary differences that previously flowed through to our customers are reversed.
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Debt related costs include debt issuance costs and other debt related expense. The DEPSC has approved deferred regulatory accounting treatment for issuance costs associated with Artesian Water’s First Mortgage bonds. Debt issuance costs and other debt related expenses are reviewed during Artesian Water’s rate applications as part of its cost of capital calculations.
Affiliated interest agreement deferred costs relate to the regulatory and administrative costs resulting from efforts necessary to secure water allocations in Artesian Water Pennsylvania’s territory for the provision of service to the surrounding area and interconnection to Artesian Water Pennsylvania’s affiliate regulated water utility Artesian Water. These costs were specifically included for cost recovery pursuant to an Affiliated Interest Agreement between Artesian Water and Artesian Water Pennsylvania and were approved for recovery by the PAPUC. Amortization of these deferred costs began in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Deferred acquisition adjustments represent the excess payment for purchases of utility plant from Delaware municipalities over the determined original cost net of depreciation. Deferred acquisition costs represent the closing cost associated with the acquisitions. Costs of $3.7 million were reclassified from net utility plant and $0.1 million were reclassified from contributions in aid of construction, which are being amortized over the periods noted in the table below and recovered in customer rates effective June 12, 2024 as part of the DEPSC approved settlement agreement for the Artesian Water rate application filed on April 28, 2023.
Unrecovered reserve for depreciation of $4.3 million was the result of the implementation of a change in depreciation methods for certain general plant assets that are being amortized over five years and recovered in customer rates effective June 12, 2024 as part of the DEPSC approved settlement agreement for the Artesian Water rate application filed on April 28, 2023. Amortization of these deferred costs began in the third quarter of 2024. Regulatory expenses amortized on a straight-line basis are noted below:

Expense | Years Amortized
Deferred contract costs and other | 5
Rate case studies | 5
Delaware rate proceedings | 3
Debt related costs | 15 to 30 (based on term of related debt)
Deferred costs affiliated interest agreement | 20
Goodwill (Mountain Hill Water Company acquisition in 2008) | 50
Deferred acquisition and franchise costs - Maryland | 20 – 80
Deferred acquisition costs - Delaware | 20
Deferred acquisition adjustments - Delaware | 36 – 62
Unrecovered reserve for depreciation (general plant assets) | 5

Regulatory assets, net of amortization, comprise: |
|  | (in thousands) |
|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Deferred contract costs and other |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 271 |
Rate case studies |  |  | 132 |  |  |  | 141 |
Delaware rate proceedings |  |  | 430 |  |  |  | 474 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | 423 |
Debt related costs |  |  | 3,881 |  |  |  | 3,969 |
Deferred costs affiliated interest agreement |  |  | 1,040 |  |  |  | 1,054 |
Goodwill |  |  | 249 |  |  |  | 251 |
Deferred acquisition and franchise costs – Maryland |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 389 |
Deferred acquisition costs – Delaware |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 231 |
Deferred acquisition adjustments – Delaware |  |  | 3,341 |  |  |  | 3,359 |
Unrecovered reserve for depreciation |  |  | 3,651 |  |  |  | 3,866 |
|  | $ | 14,056 |  |  | $ | 14,428 |

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NOTE 12 – REGULATORY LIABILITIES
ASC 980, Regulated Operations, stipulates generally accepted accounting principles for companies whose rates are established or subject to approvals by a third-party regulatory agency. Certain obligations are deferred and/or amortized as determined by the DEPSC, MDPSC, and PAPUC. Regulatory liabilities represent excess recovery of cost or other items that have been deferred because it is probable such amounts will be returned to customers through future regulated rates.
Utility plant retirement cost obligation consists of estimated costs related to the potential removal and replacement of facilities and equipment on the Company’s water and wastewater properties. As authorized by the DEPSC, when depreciable units of utility plant are retired, any cost associated with retirement, less any salvage value or proceeds received, is charged to a regulated retirement liability. The annual amortization currently authorized by the DEPSC could be adjusted in future rate applications.
Deferred settlement refunds consist of reimbursements from the Trust for Artesian Water’s past capital and operating costs, totaling approximately $10.0 million, related to the treatment costs associated with the release of contaminants from the Site in groundwater that Artesian Water uses for public potable water supply, pursuant to the Settlement Agreement. Three installments for approximately $2.5 million each were paid in August 2022, July 2023 and July 2024. The final $2.5 million installment payment is due no later than July 2025. Artesian Water received approval from the DEPSC in October 2022 to refund to its customers these reimbursements for past capital and operating costs. The refund for the reimbursements is applied to current and future customer bills in annual installments. The first three refunds occurred in October 2022, August 2023 and August 2024. The final customer refund will occur no later than August 2025. The amount of the credit will be calculated by dividing the amount of the reimbursement by the number of eligible customers. Beginning in 2022, Artesian Water began recording recovery of capital expenditures as Contributions in Aid of Construction and began recording expense recovery as an offset to operations and maintenance expense, with the intention that those recoveries will be available for inclusion and consideration in any future rate applications.
Pursuant to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or TCJA, on December 22, 2017, the Company adjusted its existing deferred income tax balances to reflect the decrease in the corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% (see Note 7 – Income Taxes ) resulting in a decrease in the net deferred income tax liability of $24.3 million, of which $22.8 million was reclassified to a regulatory liability related to Artesian Water and Artesian Water Maryland. The regulatory liability amount is subject to certain Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, normalization rules that require the benefits to customers be spread over the remaining useful life of the underlying assets giving rise to the associated deferred income taxes. On January 31, 2019, the DEPSC approved Artesian Water to amortize the regulatory liability amount of $22.2 million over a period of 49.5 years beginning February 1, 2018, subject to audit at a later date. In May 2022, Artesian Water received a rate order from the DEPSC instructing Artesian Water to continue amortizing the liability over a period of 49.5 years, subject to review in Artesian Water’s next base rate filing. On June 12, 2024, the DEPSC approved a settlement agreement for the Artesian Water rate application, filed on April 28, 2023, that required two changes to the deferred income tax regulatory liability effective June 12, 2024. A $7.6 million gross-up adjustment was recorded to reflect the benefit customers would receive from the implementation of new base rates and $4.0 million of the regulatory liability, which represents costs not subject to IRS normalization rules, is now required to be amortized over a six-year period rather than 49.5 years. The MDPSC has not issued a final order on the regulatory liability amount of $0.6 million regarding the effects of the TCJA on Maryland customers.

Regulatory liabilities comprise: |
|  | (in thousands) |
|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Utility plant retirement cost obligation |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 279 |
Deferred settlement refunds |  |  | 2,496 |  |  |  | 2,496 |
Deferred income taxes (related to TCJA) |  |  | 27,167 |  |  |  | 27,492 |
|  | $ | 29,975 |  |  | $ | 30,267 |

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N OTE 13 – REGULATO RY PROCEEDINGS
Our water and wastewater utilities generate operating revenue from customers based on rates that are established by state public service commissions through a rate-setting process that may include public hearings, evidentiary hearings and the submission of evidence and testimony in support of the Company’s requested level of rates.
We are subject to regulation by the following state regulatory commissions:
• The DEPSC, regulates Artesian Water, Artesian Wastewater, and TESI.
• The MDPSC, regulates both Artesian Water Maryland and Artesian Wastewater Maryland.
• The PAPUC, regulates Artesian Water Pennsylvania.
Our water and wastewater utility operations are also subject to regulation under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, or Safe Drinking Water Act, the Clean Water Act of 1972, or the Clean Water Act, and related state laws, and under federal and state regulations issued under these laws. These laws and regulations establish criteria and standards for drinking water and for wastewater discharges. Capital expenditures and operating costs required as a result of water quality standards and environmental requirements have been traditionally recognized by state regulatory commissions as appropriate for inclusion in establishing rates.
Water and Wastewater Rates
Our regulated subsidiaries periodically seek rate increases to cover the cost of increased operating expenses, increased financing expenses due to additional investments in utility plant and other costs of doing business. In Delaware, utilities are permitted by law to place rates into effect, under bond, on a temporary basis pending completion of a rate increase proceeding. Any DSIC rate in effect will be reset to zero upon implementation of a temporary increase in base rates charged to customers. The first temporary increase may be up to the lesser of $2.5 million on an annual basis or 15% of gross water sales. Should the rate case not be completed within seven months, by law, the utility may put the entire requested rate relief, up to 15% of gross water sales, in effect under bond until a final resolution is ordered and placed into effect. If any such rates are found to be in excess of rates the DEPSC finds to be appropriate, the utility must refund customers the portion found to be in excess with interest. The timing of our rate increase requests is therefore dependent upon the estimated cost of the administrative process in relation to the investments and expenses that we hope to recover through the rate increase. We can provide no assurances that rate increase requests will be approved by applicable regulatory agencies and, if approved, we cannot guarantee that these rate increases will be granted in a timely or sufficient manner to cover the investments and expenses for which we initially sought the rate increase.
Artesian Water filed an initial request with the DEPSC on April 28, 2023, further supplemented with a request filed on November 30, 2023, to implement new rates to meet a requested increase in revenue of approximately $16.7 million, on an annualized basis, or 22.7%. The DEPSC approved and Artesian Water implemented a temporary rate increase effective November 28, 2023 of approximately $10.8 million, on an annualized basis, or 14.6%, subject to refund, and reduced the DSIC previously in effect from approximately 7.5% to zero. On May 22, 2024, Artesian Water, the Staff of the DEPSC, and the Division of the Public Advocate, or DPA, (collectively, the Parties) entered into an agreement, or Settlement Agreement, to settle Artesian Water’s April 2023 application to implement new rates. On June 12, 2024, a DEPSC order was issued approving the settlement agreement entered into on May 22, 2024 between the Parties. The Settlement Agreement authorizes a total increase in the revenue requirement of $11.2 million, on an annualized basis, or approximately 15.2%, with a rate effective date of June 12, 2024, which encompasses a 9.5% return on common equity and an overall rate of return on rate base of 6.75%. Temporary rates that were in effect since November 28, 2023 were replaced with the final approved rates from the Settlement Agreement. Revised depreciation rates for utility plant and revised amortization rates for certain regulatory assets and liabilities were also approved effective June 12, 2024.
On April 4, 2025, Artesian Water filed a request with the DEPSC to implement new rates to meet a requested increase in revenue of 12.41%, or approximately $10.8 million, on an annualized basis. The actual effective increase is less than 12.41% since Artesian Water has been permitted to recover specific investments made in infrastructure through the assessment of a 1.66% DSIC. Since the DSIC rate is set to zero when temporary rates are placed into effect, customers would experience an incremental increase of 10.75%, the net of the overall 12.41% increase less the DSIC rate of 1.66% currently in effect, if the requested increase is granted in full by the DEPSC. The new proposed rates are designed to support Artesian Water’s ongoing capital improvement program and to cover increased costs of operations, including chemicals and electricity for water treatment, water quality regulation compliance, taxes, labor and benefits. In accordance with applicable Delaware law, Artesian Water is permitted to place into effect temporary rates of up to 15% of gross water sales, or $2.5 million, whichever is lower, on an annual basis, 60 days after the application is filed, subject to refund, until permanent rates are determined by the DEPSC. Artesian Water has petitioned the DEPSC to implement a temporary incremental increase in rates of 1.22% effective June 3, 2025, providing approximately $1.2 million in additional annual revenue.
Other Proceedings
Delaware law permits water utilities to put into effect, on a semi-annual basis, increases related to specific types of distribution system improvements through a DSIC. This charge may be implemented by water utilities between general rate increase applications that normally recognize changes in a water utility’s overall financial position. The DSIC approval process is less costly when compared to the approval process for general rate increase requests. The DSIC rate applied between base rate filings is capped at 7.50% of the amount billed to customers under otherwise applicable rates and charges, and the DSIC rate increase applied cannot exceed 5.0% within any 12-month period.
The following table summarizes (1) Artesian Water’s last two applications with the DEPSC to collect DSIC rates and (2) the rate upon which eligible plant improvements was based:
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Application Date | 05/30/2024 | 11/22/2024
DEPSC Approval Date | 06/12/2024 | 12/18/2024
Effective Date | 07/01/2024 | 01/01/2025
Cumulative DSIC Rate | 0.34% | 1.66%
Net Eligible Plant Improvements – Cumulative Dollars (in millions) | $2.0 | $11.7
Eligible Plant Improvements – Installed Beginning Date | 11/01/2023 | 11/01/2023
Eligible Plant Improvements – Installed Ending Date | 04/30/2024 | 10/31/2024

On December 18, 2024, the DEPSC approved Artesian Water’s application to implement a DSIC rate of 1.66%, effective January 1, 2025. Effective July 1, 2024, Artesian Water was permitted to recover specific investments made in infrastructure through the assessment of a 0.34% DSIC. The January 1, 2025 and July 1, 2024 DSIC rates are subject to periodic audit by the DEPSC. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we earned approximately $0.3 million in DSIC revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we did not report any earnings in DSIC revenue.
NOTE 14 - NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE AND EQUITY PER COMMON SHARE
Basic net income per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, the potentially dilutive effect of employee stock options and restricted stock awards.
The following table summarizes the shares used in computing basic and diluted net income per share:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period for basic computation |  |  | 10,302 |  |  |  | 10,287 |
Dilutive effect of employee stock options and awards |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period for diluted computation |  |  | 10,306 |  |  |  | 10,291 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no shares of restricted stock awards were excluded from the calculations of diluted net income per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no stock options were excluded from the calculations of diluted net income per share.
The Company has 15,000,000 authorized shares of Class A Non-Voting Stock, and 1,040,000 authorized shares of Class B Stock. As of March 31, 2025, 9,421,542 shares of Class A Non-Voting Stock and 881,452 shares of Class B Stock were issued and outstanding. As of March 31, 2024, 9,406,808 shares of Class A Non-Voting Stock and 881,452 shares of Class B Stock were issued and outstanding. The par value for both classes is $1.00 per share.
Equity per common share was $23.46 and $23.24 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These amounts were computed by dividing common stockholders’ equity by the number of weighted average shares of common stock outstanding on March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
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NOTE 15 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Periodically, we are involved in other proceedings or litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will materially affect our business, financial position or results of operations. However, we cannot ensure that we will prevail in any litigation and, regardless of the outcome, may incur significant litigation expense and may have significant diversion of management attention.
Several of the water systems of Artesian Resources’ subsidiaries are claimants in four multi-district litigation, or MDL, class action settlements designed to resolve claims for per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, contamination in Public Water Systems’ Drinking Water, as those terms are defined in the respective Agreements (the “Settlements”), which are with four groups of settling defendants on behalf of: (1) the 3M company (“3M”); (2) E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company (n/k/a Eidp, Inc.), DuPont de Nemours Inc., The Chemours Company, The Chemours Company FC, LLC, and Corteva, Inc. (collectively, “DuPont”); (3) Tyco Fire Products LP and Chemguard, Inc; and (4) BASF Corporation. Claims Forms have been submitted on behalf of Artesian Resources’ eligible systems in each of the Settlements. The amount of recovery, if any, by Artesian Resources’ subsidiaries is uncertain.
NOTE 16 – BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company’s operating segments are comprised of its businesses which generate revenues and incur expenses, for which separate operational financial information is available and is regularly evaluated by management for the purpose of making operating decisions, assessing performance, and allocating resources. The Company operates its businesses primarily through one reportable segment, the Regulated Utility segment. The Regulated Utility segment is the largest component of the Company’s business and includes an aggregation of our five regulated utility subsidiaries that are in the business of providing regulated water and wastewater services on the Delmarva Peninsula. Our regulated water utility services include treating, distributing, and selling water to residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, municipal and utility customers throughout the State of Delaware and in Cecil County, Maryland and to a residential community in Chester County, Pennsylvania. Our regulated wastewater utility services include the treatment and disposal of wastewater for customers in Sussex County, Delaware. The Company is subject to regulations as to its rates, services, and other matters by the states of Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania with respect to utility service within these states.
The Chief Operating Decision Maker, or CODM, is the Executive Committee led by the Chief Executive Officer and includes the Chief Financial Officer. The CODM uses operating income as its measure of profit to assess the performance of each segment. This profit measure excludes the financing component and allows management to focus on controllable expenses, to allocate resources during the annual budgeting process and to monitor budget versus actual results on a monthly basis.
The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in Note 2 – Basis of Presentation. The measurement of depreciation, interest, and capital expenditures are predominately related to our Regulated Utility segment. These amounts in our non-utility business are negligible and account for approximately less than 1% of condensed consolidated amounts as of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
in thousands |  | Regulated Utility |  |  | Total |  |  | Regulated Utility |  |  | Total |
Regulated Utility Revenues |  | $ | 24,045 |  |  | $ | 24,045 |  |  | $ | 22,840 |  |  | $ | 22,840 |
Reconciliation of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,905 | (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,763 | (a)
Inter-segment elimination |  |  |  |  |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (59 | )
Consolidated revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,886 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,544 |
Less: (b) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payroll and Benefits (c) |  |  | 6,210 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,358 |  |  |  |  |
Supply and Delivery (d) |  |  | 3,452 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,363 |  |  |  |  |
Administrative (e) |  |  | 2,725 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,295 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and Amortization |  |  | 3,344 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,451 |  |  |  |  |
Income Taxes |  |  | 1,584 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  |  |
Property and other taxes |  |  | 1,668 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,591 |  |  |  |  |
Regulated Utility Operating Income |  | $ | 5,062 |  |  | $ | 5,062 |  |  | $ | 4,357 |  |  | $ | 4,357 |
Reconciliation of operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other profit |  |  |  |  |  |  | 484 | (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 362 | (a)
Consolidated operating income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,546 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,719 |

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | March 31, 2024 |
|  | Regulated Utility |  |  | Total |  |  | Regulated Utility |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regulated Utility Assets |  | $ | 801,517 |  |  | $ | 801,517 |  |  | $ | 793,118 |  |  | $ | 793,118 |
Reconciliation of assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,335 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,505 |
Consolidated assets |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 808,852 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 798,623 |

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(a) Other revenues and other profit:
– Revenue and profit from segments below the quantitative thresholds are attributable to four non-utility businesses of the Company
– These businesses are primarily comprised of: Service Line Protection Plan services for water, sewer and internal plumbing; design, construction and engineering services; contract services for the operation and maintenance of water and wastewater systems in Delaware and Maryland; and leased space to the Regulated Utility Segment
– These non-utility businesses do not individually or in the aggregate meet the quantitative thresholds for determining reportable segments
– Certain corporate costs have been allocated from the regulated utility segment to the non-utility businesses and are included in the other profit amounts shown
(b) Significant expense categories:
– The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM
– Inter-segment expenses related to leased space provided by one non-utility business, calculated on the lower of cost or market method, are included in the amounts shown
(c) Payroll and benefits:
– This category does not include amounts capitalized on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
(d) Supply and Delivery:
– This category includes purchased power, purchased water, chemicals, infrastructure maintenance and repair costs, and wastewater disposal fees
(e) Administration expense:
– This category includes computer systems maintenance and subscription fees, audit and legal fees, insurance, customer billing, and other general and administrative expenses
NOTE 17 – IMPACT OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB issued amended guidance on Income Taxes: Improvements to Income Tax. The amendments require the Company to provide further disaggregated income tax disclosures for specific categories on the effective tax rate reconciliation, as well as additional information about federal, state/local and foreign income taxes. The standard also requires the Company to annually disclose its income taxes paid (net of refunds received), disaggregated by jurisdiction. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The standard is to be applied on a prospective basis, although optional retrospective application is permitted. While the standard will require additional disclosures related to the Company’s income taxes, management does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have an impact on the Company’s results of operations or cash flows.
In November 2024, FASB issued amended guidance which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. The guidance does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted.
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ITEM 2
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that express our "belief," "anticipation" or "expectation," as well as other statements that are not historical fact, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements regarding our goals, priorities, growth and expansion plans and expectation for our water and wastewater subsidiaries and non-regulated subsidiaries, customer base growth opportunities in Delaware and Cecil County, Maryland, our belief regarding the timing and results of our rate requests, our belief regarding our capacity to provide water services for the foreseeable future to our customers, our belief relating to our compliance and the cost to achieve compliance with relevant governmental regulations, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”) regulations, and the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements, our expectation of the timing of decisions by regulatory authorities, our belief regarding the success of any future rate increase request, the impact of weather on our operations and the execution of our strategic initiatives, our expectation of the timing for construction on new projects, our expectation relating to the adoption of recent accounting pronouncements, contract operations opportunities, legal proceedings, our properties, deferred tax assets, adequacy of our available sources of financing, the expected recovery of expenses related to our long-term debt, our expectation to be in compliance with financial covenants in our debt instruments, our ability to refinance our debt as it comes due, our ability to adjust our debt level, interest rate, maturity schedule and structure, the timing and terms of renewals of our lines of credit, plans to increase our wastewater treatment operations, engineering services and other revenue streams less affected by weather, expected future contributions to our postretirement benefit plan, anticipated growth in our non-regulated division, the impact of recent acquisitions on our ability to expand and foster relationships, anticipated investments in certain of our facilities and systems and the sources of funding for such investments, and the sufficiency of internally generated funds and credit facilities to provide working capital and our liquidity needs are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Words such as "expects", "anticipates", "intends", "plans", "believes", "seeks", "estimates", "projects", "forecasts", "may", "should", variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Certain factors as discussed under Item 1A - Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, such as changes in weather, changes in our contractual obligations, changes in government policies, the timing and results of our rate requests, failure to receive regulatory approval, changes in economic and market conditions generally, and other matters could cause results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. While the Company may elect to update forward-looking statements, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so and you should not rely on any forward-looking statement as a representation of the Company's views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2025
OVERVIEW
Our profitability is primarily attributable to the sale of water and wastewater services in our regulated utility business. Our regulated utility segment comprised 92.7% of total operating revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 92.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Water sales are subject to seasonal fluctuations, particularly during summer when water demand may vary with rainfall and temperature. In the event temperatures during the typically warmer months are cooler than expected or rainfall is greater than expected, the demand for water may decrease and our revenues may be adversely affected. We believe these effects of weather are short term and do not materially affect the execution of our strategic initiatives. Our wastewater services provide a revenue stream that is not affected by these changes in weather patterns. We continue to seek growth opportunities to provide wastewater services in Delaware and the surrounding areas.
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Our profitability is also attributed to other non-utility business, such as various contract operations, SLP Plans and other services we provide. Our contract operations, SLP Plans and other services also provide a revenue stream that is not affected by changes in weather patterns. We also continue to explore and develop relationships with developers and municipalities in order to increase revenues from contract water and wastewater operations, wastewater management services, and design, construction and engineering services. We plan to continue developing and expanding our contract operations and other services in a manner that complements our growth in water service to new customers. Our anticipated growth in these areas is subject to changes in residential and commercial construction, which may be affected by interest rates, inflation and general housing and economic market conditions. We anticipate continued growth in our non-utility subsidiaries mostly due to our SLP Plans.
Inflation
We are affected by inflation, most notably by the continually increasing costs required to maintain, improve and expand our service capability. The cumulative effect of inflation results in significantly higher facility replacement costs as well as increased operating costs, which must be recovered from future cash flows. Our ability to recover increases in investments in facilities and operating costs is dependent upon future rate increases, which are subject to approval by the applicable regulatory authority. We can provide no assurances that any future rate increase request will be approved, and if approved, we cannot guarantee that any rate increase will be granted in a timely manner and/or will be sufficient in amount to cover costs for which we initially sought the rate increase. The impact of inflation could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Regulated Water Subsidiaries
Artesian Water, Artesian Water Maryland and Artesian Water Pennsylvania provide water service to residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, municipal and utility customers. Increases in the number of customers contribute to increases, or help to offset any intermittent decreases, in our operating revenue. As of March 31, 2025, the number of metered water customers in Delaware increased approximately 1.6% compared to March 31, 2024. The number of metered water customers in Maryland increased approximately 2.2% compared to March 31, 2024. The number of metered water customers in Pennsylvania remained consistent compared to March 31, 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, approximately 2.2 billion gallons of water were distributed in our Delaware systems and approximately 16.4 million gallons of water were distributed in our Maryland systems.
On April 4, 2025, Artesian Water filed a request with the DEPSC to implement new rates to meet a requested increase in revenue of 12.41%, or approximately $10.8 million, on an annualized basis. The actual effective increase is less than 12.41% since Artesian Water has been permitted to recover specific investments made in infrastructure through the assessment of a 1.66% DSIC. Since the DSIC rate is set to zero when temporary rates are placed into effect, customers would experience an incremental increase of 10.75%, the net of the overall 12.41% increase less the DSIC rate of 1.66% currently in effect, if the requested increase is granted in full by the DEPSC. The new proposed rates are designed to support Artesian Water’s ongoing capital improvement program and to cover increased costs of operations, including chemicals and electricity for water treatment, water quality regulation compliance, taxes, labor and benefits. In accordance with applicable Delaware law, Artesian Water is permitted to place into effect temporary rates of up to 15% of gross water sales, or $2.5 million, whichever is lower, on an annual basis, 60 days after the application is filed, subject to refund, until permanent rates are determined by the DEPSC. Artesian Water has petitioned the DEPSC to implement such temporary rates effective June 3, 2025. This is discussed further in Note 13 – Regulatory Proceedings.
Regulated Wastewater Subsidiaries
Artesian Wastewater and TESI own wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure and provide regulated wastewater services to customers in Sussex County, Delaware. Artesian Wastewater Maryland is able to provide regulated wastewater services to customers in Maryland. It is not currently providing these services in Maryland. The majority of our residential and commercial wastewater customers are billed a flat monthly fee, and our large industrial wastewater customer is billed monthly based on wastewater flow, which contributes to providing a revenue stream unaffected by weather. As of March 31, 2025, the number of Delaware wastewater customers increased approximately 6.3% compared to March 31, 2024.
Non-Utility Subsidiaries
Artesian Utility provides contract water and wastewater operation services to private, municipal, and governmental institutions. Artesian Utility also offers three protection plans to customers: the WSLP Plan, the SSLP Plan, and the ISLP Plan. SLP Plan customers are billed a flat monthly or quarterly rate, which contributes to providing a revenue stream unaffected by weather. There has been consistent customer growth over the years. As of March 31, 2025, the eligible customers enrolled in the WSLP Plan, the SSLP Plan and the ISLP Plan increased 4.2%, 3.3% and 2.2%, respectively, compared to March 31, 2024.
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Strategic Direction and Recent Developments
Our strategy is to increase customer growth, revenues, earnings and dividends by expanding our water, wastewater and SLP Plan services across the Delmarva Peninsula. We remain focused on providing superior service to our customers and continuously seek ways to improve our efficiency and performance. Our strategy has included a focus on building strategic partnerships with county governments, municipalities and developers. By providing water and wastewater services, we believe we are positioned as the primary resource for developers and communities throughout the Delmarva Peninsula seeking to fill both needs simultaneously. We believe we have a proven ability to acquire and integrate high growth, reputable entities, through which we have captured additional service territories that will serve as a base for future revenue. We believe this experience presents a strong platform for further expansion and that our success to date also produces positive relationships and credibility with regulators, municipalities, developers and customers in both existing and prospective service areas.
In our regulated water subsidiaries, our strategy is to focus on a wide spectrum of activities, which include strategic acquisitions of existing systems, expanding certificated service area, identifying new and dependable sources of supply, developing the wells, treatment plants and delivery systems to supply water to customers and educating customers on the wise use of water. Our strategy includes focused efforts to expand through strategic acquisitions and in new regions added to our Delaware service territory over the last 10 years. We plan to expand our regulated water service area in the Cecil County designated growth corridor and to expand our business through the design, construction, operation, management and acquisition of additional water systems. The expansion of our exclusive franchise areas elsewhere in Maryland and the award of contracts will similarly enhance our operations within the state.
Our ability to develop partnerships with various county governments, municipalities and developers has provided a number of opportunities. In recent years, we have completed several acquisitions including asset purchase agreements with municipal and developer/homeowner association operated systems.
We believe that Delaware’s generally lower cost of living in the region and availability of development sites in relatively close proximity to the Atlantic Ocean in Sussex County have resulted, and will continue to result, in increases to our customer base. Delaware’s lower property and income tax rate make it an attractive region for new home development and retirement communities. Substantial portions of Delaware currently are not served by a public water system, which could also assist in an increase to our customer base as systems are added.
In our regulated wastewater subsidiaries, we foresee significant growth opportunities and will continue to seek strategic partnerships and relationships with developers and governmental agencies to complement existing agreements for the provision of wastewater service on the Delmarva Peninsula. There are numerous locations in Sussex County where Artesian Wastewater’s and Sussex County’s facilities are connected or integrated to allow for the movement and disposal of wastewater generated by one or the other’s system in a manner that most efficiently and cost effectively manages wastewater transmission, treatment and disposal. In addition, Artesian Wastewater plans to utilize our larger regional wastewater facilities to expand service areas to new customers while transitioning our smaller treatment facilities into regional pump stations in order to gain additional efficiencies in the treatment and disposal of wastewater. We believe this will reduce operational costs at the smaller treatment facilities in the future because they will be converted from treatment and disposal plants to pump stations to assist with transitioning the flow of wastewater from one regional facility to another. In addition, Artesian’s Delaware wastewater subsidiaries are the sole regional regulated wastewater utilities in Delaware, which we believe will enable us to increase efficiencies in the treatment and disposal of wastewater and provide additional opportunities to expand our wastewater operations.
In April 2024, Artesian Wastewater received a permit from the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control for construction of a 625,000 gallon per day regional wastewater treatment facility, including a primary receiving headworks at its Sussex Regional Recharge Facility, or SRRF. Under its previous permit, SRRF provided solely land disposal services for a single commercial processing and treatment plant. Under its new permit, SRRF will continue providing those disposal services alongside the new treatment plant. The new treatment facility will provide service for Artesian Wastewater’s regional system comprised primarily of residential and small commercial customers. The construction will also include the primary receiving facility for untreated effluent, sized to allow for the expansion of the regional treatment system planned for the site. The new treatment facility will utilize the existing disposal infrastructure and is expected to be completed in 2025.
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The general need for increased capital investment in our water and wastewater systems is due to a combination of population growth, more protective water quality standards, aging infrastructure and acquisitions. Our planned and budgeted capital improvements over the next three years include projects for water infrastructure improvements and expansion in both Delaware and Maryland and wastewater infrastructure improvements and expansion in Delaware. The DEPSC and MDPSC have generally recognized the operating and capital costs associated with these improvements in setting water and wastewater rates for current customers and capacity charges for new customers.
In our non-utility subsidiaries, we continue pursuing opportunities to expand our contract operations. Through Artesian Utility, we will seek to expand our contract design, engineering and construction services of water and wastewater facilities for developers, municipalities and other utilities. We also anticipate continued growth due to our water, sewer and internal SLP Plans. Artesian Development owns two nine-acre parcels of land, located in Sussex County, Delaware, which allows for construction of a water treatment facility and wastewater treatment facility.
Other Matters
Environmental, Health and Safety, and Water Quality Regulation
As required by the Safe Drinking Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, establishes maximum contaminant levels, or MCLs, for various substances found in drinking water to ensure that the water is safe for human consumption. On April 10, 2024, the EPA established MCLs for certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS, in drinking water. Under these regulations, water utilities will be required to complete initial monitoring for PFAS by 2027 and to conduct ongoing compliance monitoring. Water utilities also will be required to meet the new MCLs by April 2029 and to notify the public of any violations of the MCLs as of and after that date. The Company has installed treatment for PFAS at several wellfields to date and has included installation of treatment at additional locations in 2025 in its capital budget, with any remaining necessary treatment planned to be installed before 2029. The capital investment and operating costs for treatment of PFAS are anticipated to be recoverable in water rates charged to customers as approved by the applicable public service commission. The Company is participating in the multi-district litigation class action settlements with certain manufacturers of PFAS seeking reimbursement of costs incurred and that will continue to be incurred. See Note 15 – Legal Proceedings.
The Lead and Copper Rule, or LCR, is a federal regulation that limits the concentration of lead and copper allowed in public drinking water at the consumer’s tap, in addition to limiting the permissible amount of pipe corrosion occurring due to the water itself. The LCR limits the levels of lead and copper in water by improving water treatment, testing for lead and copper at customer taps, and eliminating the water supply as a significant source of lead and copper. The EPA published a revised LCR in 2021, or LCR Revisions, to provide greater and more effective protection of public health by reducing exposure to lead and copper in drinking water. Implementation of the revised rule is intended to better identify high levels of lead, improve the reliability of lead tap sampling results, strengthen corrosion control treatment requirements, expand consumer awareness and improve risk communication. In addition, implementation of the revised rule is anticipated to accelerate lead service line replacements by closing existing regulatory loopholes, propelling early action, and strengthening replacement requirements. We filed all required Lead Service Line Inventories by the October 16, 2024 deadline and are fully compliant with the LCR Revisions.
On October 8, 2024, the EPA announced the new final regulations requiring the removal of lead water lines. The EPA’s rule, known as the Lead and Copper Rule Improvements, or LCRI, requires all public water systems to remove lead service lines within 10 years, among other changes to regulations in the EPA’s LCR. The service lines connect a home’s plumbing system to a public water system’s main water line. The LCRI specifies that the water provider will cover the cost for replacements of the customer’s service line up to the first fitting inside the structure being served. Capital investment and operating costs incurred by water utilities for customer-side pipe replacements are typically recoverable in water rates charged to customers as approved by the applicable public service commission.
Results of Operations – Analysis of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024.
Operating Revenues
Revenues totaled $25.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, $1.3 million, or 5.5%, more than revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
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Water sales revenue increased $0.9 million, or 4.3%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from the corresponding period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in overall water consumption, DSIC revenue and customer growth. We realized 79.9% and 80.8% of our total operating revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, respectively, from the sale of water.
Other utility operating revenue increased approximately $0.3 million, or 11.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. This increase is primarily due to an increase in wastewater revenue associated with customer growth.
Non-utility operating revenue increased approximately $0.1 million, or 8.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. This increase is primarily due to an increase in Service Line Protection Plan revenue.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses, excluding depreciation and income taxes, increased $0.5 million, or 3.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024.
Utility operating expenses increased $0.4 million, or 3.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. The increase in utility operating expenses consists of a $0.4 million increase in administrative costs and a $0.2 million increase in purchased power and purchased water costs. The increase in utility operating expenses is offset by a $0.1 million decrease in each of supply and treatment costs and payroll and employee benefit costs.
The ratio of operating expense, excluding depreciation and income taxes, to total revenue was 58.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 59.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Depreciation and amortization expense decreased $0.1 million, or 3.1%, primarily due to a decrease in depreciation expense related to an increase in depreciation on utility plant funded by Contributions in Aid of Construction.
Federal and state income tax expense increased $0.2 million, or 10.1%, primarily due to higher pre-tax book income, partially offset by higher regulatory deferred income tax amortization in 2025 compared to 2024.
Other Income
Other income increased $0.2 million, primarily due to an increase in allowance for funds used during construction, or AFUDC, as a result of higher long-term construction activity subject to AFUDC.
Net Income
Our net income applicable to common stock increased $1.0 million, or 23.2%. Total operating revenues increased $1.3 million and other income increased $0.2 million, offset by a $0.5 million increase in total operating expenses.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
Our primary sources of liquidity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $11.0 million of cash provided by operating activities and $5.2 million in net contributions and advances from developers. We depend on the availability of capital for expansion, construction and maintenance. We rely on our sources of liquidity for investments in our utility plant and to meet our various payment obligations.
Operating Activities
One of our primary sources of liquidity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $11.0 million provided by cash flow from operating activities, compared to $12.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in cash flows from operating activities is primarily from lower material and supplies, income taxes receivable and accounts receivables, offset by higher net income, income taxes payable, accounts payable and accrued expenses. Cash flow from operating activities is primarily provided by our utility operations and is impacted by the timeliness and adequacy of rate increases and changes in water consumption as a result of year-to-year variations in weather conditions, particularly during the summer. A significant part of our ability to maintain and meet our financial objectives is to ensure that our investments in utility plant and equipment are recovered in the rates charged to customers. As such, from time to time, we file rate increase requests to recover increases in operating expenses and investments in utility plant and equipment. See Note 13 – Regulatory Proceedings. We will continue to borrow on available lines of credit in order to satisfy current liquidity needs. In addition, the Company has a long history of paying regular quarterly dividends as approved by our Board of Directors using net cash from operating activities.
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Investment Activities
The primary focus of our investments is to continue to provide high quality reliable service to our growing service territory. Capital expenditures during the first three months of 2025 were $10.4 million compared to $8.9 million during the same period in 2024. During the first three months of 2025, these investments include renewals associated with the rehabilitation of aging infrastructure, installation of new mains, upgrading elevated storage tanks, upgrading and replacing our meter reading equipment, construction of a new wastewater treatment plant and upgrading existing pumping stations to better serve our customers.
Financing Activities
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, cash flows provided by financing activities were $2.0 million, compared to $2.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Our primary source of liquidity from financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $5.2 million in net contributions and advances from developers. The cash flows provided by financing activities decreased due to decreased issuance of long-term debt and higher stock dividend payments. We have several sources of liquidity to finance our investment in utility plant and other fixed assets. We estimate that future investments will be financed by our operations and external sources. We expect to fund our activities for the next twelve months using our projected cash generated from operations, bank credit lines, and capital market financing as needed to provide sufficient working capital to maintain normal operations, to meet our financing requirements and to expand through strategic acquisitions. We believe that our cash on hand and future cash generated from the foregoing activities will provide adequate resources to fund our short-term and long-term capital, operating and financing needs. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to secure funding on terms acceptable to us, or at all. Our cash flows from operations are primarily derived from water sales revenues and may be materially affected by changes in water sales due to weather and the timing and extent of increases in rates approved by state public service commissions.
Material Cash Requirements
Lines of Credit and Long-Term Debt
At March 31, 2025, Artesian Resources had a $40 million line of credit with Citizens Bank, or Citizens, which is available to all subsidiaries of Artesian Resources. As of March 31, 2025, there was $40.0 million of available funds under this line of credit. The interest rate is a one-month Daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, plus 10 basis points, or Term SOFR, plus an applicable margin of 0.85%, which was increased to 1.10% effective August 3, 2023. Term SOFR cannot be less than 0.00%. This is a demand line of credit and therefore the financial institution may demand payment for any outstanding amounts at any time. The term of this line of credit expires on the earlier of May 18, 2026 or any date on which Citizens demands payment. The Company expects to renew this line of credit.
At March 31, 2025, Artesian Water had a $20 million line of credit with CoBank, ACB, or CoBank, that allows for the financing of operations for Artesian Water, with up to $10 million of this line available for the operations of Artesian Water Maryland. As of March 31, 2025, there was $20.0 million of available funds under this line of credit. The interest rate for borrowings under this line are either a daily SOFR rate plus 1.45% option or a term SOFR rate plus 1.45% option that is locked in for either one or three months. The term of this line of credit expires on October 31, 2025. Artesian Water expects to renew this line of credit.
The Company’s material cash requirements include the following lines of credit commitments and contractual obligations:
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Material Cash Requirements | Payments Due by Period
In thousands | Less than 1 Year |  | 1-3 Years |  | 4-5 Years |  | After 5 Years |  | Total
First mortgage bonds (principal and interest) | $ | 7,843 |  | $ | 40,610 |  | $ | 12,476 |  | $ | 192,089 |  | $ | 253,018
State revolving fund loans (principal and interest) |  | 1,144 |  |  | 2,130 |  |  | 2,130 |  |  | 9,265 |  |  | 14,669
Promissory note (principal and interest) |  | 962 |  |  | 1,923 |  |  | 1,926 |  |  | 8,447 |  |  | 13,258
Asset purchase contractual obligation (principal and interest) |  | 333 |  |  | 647 |  |  | --- |  |  | --- |  |  | 980
Lines of credit |  | --- |  |  | --- |  |  | --- |  |  | --- |  |  | ---
Operating leases |  | 28 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 1,320 |  |  | 1,444
Operating agreements |  | 38 |  |  | 31 |  |  | --- |  |  | --- |  |  | 69
Unconditional purchase obligations |  | 943 |  |  | 781 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 241 |  |  | 2,079
Tank painting contractual obligation |  | 157 |  |  | --- |  |  | --- |  |  | --- |  |  | 157
Total contractual cash obligations | $ | 11,448 |  | $ | 46,178 |  | $ | 16,686 |  | $ | 211,362 |  | $ | 285,674

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Artesian’s long-term debt agreements and revolving lines of credit contain customary affirmative and negative covenants that are binding on us (which are in some cases subject to certain exceptions), including, but not limited to, restrictions on our ability to make certain loans and investments, guarantee certain obligations, enter into, or undertake, certain mergers, consolidations or acquisitions, transfer certain assets or change our business. As of March 31, 2025, we were in compliance with these covenants.
Long-term debt obligations reflect the maturities of certain series of our first mortgage bonds, which we intend to refinance when due if not refinanced earlier. One first mortgage bond is subject to redemption in a principal amount equal to $150,000 plus interest per calendar quarter. The state revolving fund loan obligation and promissory note obligation have an amortizing mortgage payment payable over a 20-year period. The first mortgage bonds, the state revolving fund loan and the promissory note have certain financial covenant provisions, the violation of which could result in default and require the obligation to be immediately repaid, including all interest. We have not experienced conditions that would result in our default under these agreements.
The asset purchase contractual obligation is related to the purchase of substantially all of the water operating assets from the Town of Clayton in May 2022, by Artesian Water. The total purchase price was $5.0 million. At closing, Artesian Water paid approximately $3.4 million. The balance is payable in five equal annual installments on the anniversary date of the closing date. Each annual installment is payable with interest at an annual rate of 2.0%.
Payments for unconditional purchase obligations reflect minimum water purchase obligations based on rates that are subject to change under an interconnection agreement with the Chester Water Authority. The agreement is effective from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2026, includes automatic five-year renewal terms, unless terminated by either party, and has a “take or pay” clause which currently requires us to purchase a minimum of 0.5 million gallons of water per day. In addition, payments for unconditional purchase obligations reflect minimum water purchase obligations based on a contract rate under our interconnection agreement with the Town of North East, which expires June 26, 2029. The agreement includes a remaining automatic five-year renewal term, unless terminated by either party.
In April 2021, Artesian Water entered into a 3-year agreement with Worldwide Industries Corporation effective July 1, 2021 to paint elevated water storage tanks. Pursuant to the agreement, the total expenditure for the three years was $1.2 million. In September 2022, this agreement was amended to paint an additional elevated water storage tank and to extend the term of the agreement for an additional year. Pursuant to the amended agreement, the total expenditure for the four years is $2.2 million.
In order to control purchased power costs and avoid fluctuations in electricity rates that happen due to the change of seasons, energy supply changes, or other outside factors, we utilize contracts with electric suppliers that provide a fixed rate. In February 2021, Artesian Water entered into an electric supply contract with MidAmerican that is effective from May 2021 to May 2025. The fixed rate was lowered 5.6% starting in May 2021. In April 2025, Artesian entered into an electric supply contract with Constellation NewEnergy, Inc. that is effective from May 2025 to May 2029 for Delaware operations. The supply rate was increased approximately 25% starting in May 2025. The total estimated annual increase in electric supply expense beginning in May 2025 is approximately $0.5 million. In February 2022, Artesian Water Maryland entered into an electric supply agreement with Constellation NewEnergy, Inc., effective from May 2022 through November 2025. In April 2025, Artesian Water Maryland entered into an electric supply agreement with WGL Energy that is effective from November 2025 through November 2029 for Maryland operations. The fixed rate was increased 5.5% starting in November 2025. In January 2022, following the acquisition of Tidewater Environmental Services, Inc. dba Artesian Wastewater, or TESI, assumed an electric supply contract with WGL Energy that was effective through December 2024. In November 2024, TESI entered into a short-term electric supply contract with WGL Energy effective December 2024 through May 2025. The fixed rate was increased 44.4% starting in December 2024. These fixed rate electric supply contracts are for normal purchases and are not derivative instruments.
Critical Accounting Estimates; Recent Accounting Pronouncements
This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on the accounting policies used and disclosed in our 2024 consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and included as part of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The preparation of those financial statements required management to make assumptions and estimates that affected the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts or results could differ from those based on such assumptions and estimates.
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Our critical accounting estimates are described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There have been no changes in our critical accounting estimates. Our significant accounting policies are described in our notes to the 2024 consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Information concerning our implementation and the impact of recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB is included in the notes to our 2024 consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and also in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We did not adopt any accounting policy in the first three months of 2025 that had a material impact on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
ITEM 3 - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company is subject to the risk of fluctuating interest rates in the normal course of business. Our policy is to manage interest rates through the use of fixed rate long-term debt and, to a lesser extent, short-term debt. The Company’s exposure to interest rate risk related to existing fixed rate, long-term debt is due to the term of the majority of our First Mortgage Bonds and the term of the promissory note, which have final maturity dates ranging from 2028 to 2049, and interest rates ranging from 4.24% to 5.96%, which exposes the Company to interest rate risk as interest rates may drop below the existing fixed rate of the long-term debt prior to such debt’s maturity. In addition, the Company has interest rate exposure on $60 million of variable rate lines of credit with two banks. As of March 31, 2025, there were no outstanding balances on the lines of credit. Increases in variable interest rates result in an increase in the cost of borrowing on these variable rate lines of credit. We are also exposed to market risk associated with changes in commodity prices. Our risks associated with price increases in chemicals, electricity and other commodities are mitigated by our ability to recover our costs through rate increases to our customers. We have also sought to mitigate future significant electric price increases by signing multi-year supply contracts at fixed prices.
ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective in providing reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In addition, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report were effective to achieve the foregoing objectives. A control system cannot provide absolute assurance, however, that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.
(b) Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Periodically, we are involved in other proceedings or litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will materially affect our business, financial position or results of operations. However, we cannot ensure that we will prevail in any litigation and, regardless of the outcome, may incur significant litigation expense and may have significant diversion of management attention. For a full discussion of our current legal proceedings or litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, refer to Note 15 - Legal Proceedings.
ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in such Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2 – UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3 – DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5 – OTHER INFORMATION
(a) None.
(b) None.
(c) None of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified, or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025.
ITEM 6 - EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. | Description
10.1 | Agreement and Mutual Release, dated as of March 16, 2025, by and between Dian C. Taylor and Artesian Resources Corporation. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the annual period ended December 31, 2024 filed on March 26, 2025.
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer of the Registrant required by Rule 13a–14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. *
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer of the Registrant required by Rule 13a–14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. *
32 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. Section 1350). **
101.BAL | Inline XBRL Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)*
101.OPS | Inline XBRL Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)*
101.CSH | Inline XBRL Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)*
101.NTS | Inline XBRL Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)*
104 | The cover page from Artesian Resources Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL (contained in exhibit 101). *

* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
ARTESIAN RESOURCES CORPORATION

Date: May 9, 2025 | By: | /s/ NICHOLLE R. TAYLOR |
|  | Nicholle R. Taylor Chair of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 9, 2025 | By: | /s/ DAVID B. SPACHT |
|  | David B. Spacht Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

* Filed herewith
** Furnished herewith
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