10-K 1 form10k.htm FORM 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020

OR

[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from |  | To |

Commission file number: 000-31203

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Florida | 98-0171860
(State or other jurisdiction | (IRS Employer
of incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

President Place, 4th Floor, Cnr. Jan Smuts Avenue and Bolton Road
Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 27-11-343-2000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share | UEPS | NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes [ ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes [ ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):

[ ] | Large accelerated filer | [X] | Accelerated filer
[ ] | Non-accelerated filer | [X] | Smaller reporting company
|  | [ ] | Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes [ ] No [X]

The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 31, 2019 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter), based upon the closing price of the common stock as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market on such date, was $140,642,736. This calculation does not reflect a determination that persons are affiliates for any other purposes.

As of September 7, 2020, 57,118,925 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, net of treasury shares, were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

|  | Page
PART I |
Item 1. | Business | 2
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 8
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 25
Item 2. | Properties | 25
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 25
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 27
PART II |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 28
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 30
Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 32
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 56
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 58
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures | 59
Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 59
Item 9B. | Other Information | 63
PART III |
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 64
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 64
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 64
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 64
Item 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 64
PART IV |
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 65
Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 67
Signatures | 68
Financial Statements | 69

PART I

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A-"Risk Factors." In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "would," "expects," "plans," "intends," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our opinions only as of the date of this Annual Report. We undertake no obligation to release publicly any revisions to the forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report. You should carefully review the risk factors described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, including the Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q to be filed by us during our 2021 fiscal year, which runs from July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Overview

We are a provider of financial technology, or fintech, products and services to unbanked and underbanked individuals and small businesses in South Africa and other emerging economies. We have developed and own most of our payment technologies, and where possible, we utilize this technology to provide financial and value-added services to our customers by including them into the formal financial system.

Our core payment technology is called the Universal Electronic Payment System, or UEPS, and its EMV interoperable derivative, UEPS/EMV, which utilizes a form of distributed ledger technology, providing decentralized and biometrically secure smart cards that operate in real-time but both off-line and on-line, unlike traditional payment systems offered by major banking institutions that require immediate access through a communications network to a centralized computer.

Our off-line UEPS system also offers the highest level of availability and affordability by removing any components that are costly and prone to outages. Our UEPS/EMV solution enables our traditional proprietary UEPS system to interoperate with the global EMV standard and allows card holders to transact at any EMV-enabled point of sale terminal or automated teller machine, or ATM. The UEPS/EMV technology has been deployed on an extensive scale in South Africa through the issuance of MasterCard-branded UEPS/EMV cards to our underbanked customers. In addition to effecting purchases, cash-backs and any form of payment, our system can be used for banking, healthcare management, money transfers, voting and identification.

Our transaction processing services in South Africa include EasyPay, a leading merchant processor and bill payment platform and a fixed and mobile ATM infrastructure. We deliver our financial inclusion products and services through our UEPS-based core banking system, providing a low-cost, biometrically secure transactional bank account to our customers, and distributing a number of financial, telecom and other value-added products through this platform in order to garner a greater share of wallet. In South Africa, we deploy this system under the brand EasyPay Everywhere, or EPE, and at June 30, 2020, we had approximately 1 million active customers on the platform.

Our technology businesses include the development and deployment of our UEPS and Mobile Virtual Card, or MVC, solutions, cryptographic solutions including the STS-6 standard for utility vending solutions, hardware security modules or HSM, chip and subscriber identity module, or SIM, cards, and the reselling of point of sale equipment.

All references to "the Company," "we," "us," or "our" are references to Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively, and all references to "Net1" are to Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. only, except as otherwise indicated or where the context indicates otherwise.

Market Opportunity

Secular shift to electronic payments: Globally, there is a secular shift from cash and checks to various forms of electronic payments and while most developed economies such as South Korea, Sweden, the U.S. and Australia perform the majority of their consumer payments electronically, developing economies such as Egypt, Indonesia, India and The Philippines remain largely cash driven countries. South Africa too, remains predominantly a cash-based economy, with an estimated 60% of consumer payments made in cash. This is similar to other emerging economies such as Turkey and Brazil, where there continues to be a secular shift from cash to electronic payments.

Consumer financial services for the unbanked: Our focus is on the Living Standards Measure, or LSM, 1-6 population in South Africa, which represents approximately 26 million adults in the country. Our total addressable market for consumer financial services is an estimated ZAR 57 billion including transactional banking, short-term and unsecured lending, and insurance.

Total Addressable Market for Consumer Financial Services in South Africa for LSM 1-6

Source: South African Reserve Bank Long-Term Insurance Industry (2017), Solidarity Bank Charges Report (2019), Finscope South Africa (2013), NCR Consumer Credit Report (2019)

With our smart card and mobile technologies, we are able to offer affordable, secure and reliable financial services, such as transacting accounts, loans and insurance products, to these consumers and alleviate some of the challenges they face in dealing with the informal sector, while also allowing them to build a credit history and gain access to the broader formal financial services industry.

Merchant payment and financial services for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, or MSMEs: Bill payments are an attractive customer acquisition channel and we are one of the leading bill payment platforms in South Africa. Our total addressable market for merchant payment and financial services is an estimated ZAR 100 billion including bill payments, merchant payments, and merchant lending.

Total Addressable Market for Merchant Payment and Financial Services in South Africa for MSMEs

Source: Genisis Analytics (2018), BIS Data, Electrum, IFC Report (The Unseen Sector - A report on the MSME Opportunity in South Africa)

MSMEs typically fall into the underbanked category due to cumbersome and costly efforts required to secure banking relationships, payment processing and credit. According to "Digital banking for small and medium-sized enterprises-Improving access to finance for the underserved, on Digital Banking for Small Businesses", a report prepared by Deloitte, several factors drive low financial inclusion of MSMEs, including 1) limited financial infrastructure, such as poor coverage by credit bureaus, that limit availability and cost of securing credit; 2) inadequate distribution channels that limit banks from reaching and servicing MSMEs in either the physical or digital space; 3) lack of cash-flow visibility that force banks to adopt stringent collateral-based credit risk models which hinder lending to MSMEs without collateral; and 4) regulations and compliance costs that adversely impact banks from serving small customers and invariably drive up costs.

These inefficiencies have created an opportunity for neo-, or challenger, banks and fintech companies to improve reach and coverage for MSMEs and accelerate access to, and reduce cost of, banking and financial services. Estimates suggest that approximately 33% of South Africa's 700,000 formal MSMEs are unable to accept electronic payments. Tier 1 merchants are actively serviced by the large local banks while Tier 2 to 4 merchants are underserved.

Our Strategy

Our vision is to build and operate a leading South African fintech platform offering payment processing and financial services to underserved merchants and consumers.

Our core purpose is to improve people's lives by bringing financial inclusion to South Africa's underbanked customers and helping small businesses access the financial services they need to prosper. We achieve this through our unique ability to efficiently digitize or tokenize the expensive and difficult -to-achieve last mile of financial inclusion and to provide a full-service fintech platform to address each of the market opportunities we have identified.

End-to-end fintech platforms layer multiple services into their merchant and consumer propositions, increasing revenue and customer stickiness. In South Africa, our core competencies are centered around the provision of low-cost financial services to underserved consumers and payment processing.

Low-cost financial services to consumers-We provide a suite of low-cost financial services to the underserved and unbanked customers today, through a combination of digital and brick-and-mortar distribution platforms. We provide unsecured micro-credit, transactional banking, funeral insurance and airtime and value-added services.

Payment processing-Our core technologies include UEPS, which leverages biometric authentication, last-mile distribution, and cash handling/distribution to enable payments and EasyPay, which is a transaction switch and bill payments platform. We also own and operate POS and ATM networks.

We aim to increase the adoption of our existing services by expanding our cardholder base and our transacting network, and to increase our service offerings by developing new products and distribution networks and by forging partnerships with industry participants who share our vision and can accelerate the implementation of our business plan. Where appropriate, we expect to supplement our platform with strategic acquisitions and investments.

A Comprehensive and Complementary Fintech Platform in South Africa

Competition

We intend to differentiate our value proposition for our end-users by offering a seamless financial and technology platform for underserved consumers and small merchants while leveraging a multichannel distribution network. In South Africa, there are competitors for individual products, services or technologies, though few, if any, with an end-to-end offering, particularly for our target customer segments.

For consumers, there are a number of traditional and digital providers of low-cost transactional bank accounts and micro financial services. These include the large South African banks such as FNB, Standard Bank, Absa, Nedbank and Capitec, the South African Post Office, or SAPO, and digital banks such as African Bank and Tyme. Other financial services providers include Old Mutual, Sanlam, Capfin, Letsatsi, Bayport and Finbond.

For EasyPay, our South African transaction processing business, competitors include BankservAfrica, UCS, eCentric and Transaction Junction. BankservAfrica is the largest transaction processor in South Africa, which processes all transactions on behalf of the South African banks and processes more than 2.5 billion transactions annually.

In the South African ATM network market, we compete against the South African banks, ATM Solutions and Spark ATM Systems, who collectively have a market share in excess of 90%.

Intellectual Property

Our success depends in part on our ability to develop, maintain and protect our intellectual property. We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secret laws, as well as non-disclosure agreements to protect our intellectual property. We seek to protect new intellectual property developed by us by filing new patents worldwide. We hold a number of trademarks in various countries.

Financial Information about Geographical Areas and Operating Segments

Note 22 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report contains detailed financial information about our operating segments for fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018. Revenues based on the geographic location from which the sale originated and geographic location where long-lived assets are held for the years ended June 30, are presented in the table below:

|  | Revenue(1) |  |  | Long lived assets(1) |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(R) |  |  | (as restated)(R) |
|  | $'000 |  |  | $'000 |  |  | $'000 |  |  | $'000 |  |  | $'000 |  |  | $'000 |
South Africa |  | 145,956 |  |  | 156,385 |  |  | 432,862 |  |  | 68,521 |  |  | 141,235 |  |  | 493,902 |
South Korea |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 149,390 |  |  | 177,388 |
Liechtenstein (Bank Frick) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 29,739 |  |  | 47,240 |  |  | 48,129 |
India (MobiKwik) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 26,993 |  |  | 26,993 |  |  | 26,917 |
Rest of the world |  | 5,041 |  |  | 9,842 |  |  | 26,713 |  |  | 9,119 |  |  | 9,739 |  |  | 41,597 |
Total |  | 150,997 |  |  | 166,227 |  |  | 459,575 |  |  | 134,372 |  |  | 374,597 |  |  | 787,933 |

(R) The South Africa and total amounts for 2019 and 2018 have been restated by $2,689 and $ 2,540, respectively, to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

(1) Fiscal 2019 and 2018 impacted by the disposal of our Korean operations in fiscal 2020 and the disposal of DNI in fiscal 2019. Both of these businesses have been reported as discontinued operations, refer to Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Employees

Our number of employees allocated on a segmental basis as of the years ended June 30, are presented in the table below:

|  | Number of employees |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019(1) |  |  | 2018(1) |
Management |  | 167 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 214 |
South African transaction processing |  | 769 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 1,902 |
International transaction processing |  | 94 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 90 |
Financial inclusion and applied technologies(2) |  | 1,845 |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | 3,275 |
Total |  | 2,875 |  |  | 2,889 |  |  | 5,481 |

(1) Fiscal 2019 and 2018 excludes employees related to our Korean operations that were sold in fiscal 2020 and fiscal 2018 excludes employees related to DNI which was sold in fiscal 2019. Both of these businesses have been reported as discontinued operations, refer to Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

(2) Financial inclusion and applied technologies includes employees allocated to corporate/ eliminations activities.

On a functional basis, four of our employees were part of executive management, 26 were employed in sales and marketing, 148 were employed in finance and administration, 217 were employed in information technology and 2,480 were employed in operations. Our staffing levels have reduced significantly from fiscal 2018 following the expiration of our SASSA contract in September 2018.

Corporate history

Net1 was incorporated in Florida in May 1997. In 2004, Net1 acquired Net1 Applied Technology Holdings Limited, or Aplitec, a public company listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, or JSE. In 2005, Net1 completed an initial public offering and listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market. In 2008, Net1 listed on the JSE in a secondary listing, which enabled the former Aplitec shareholders (as well as South African residents generally) to hold Net1 common stock directly.

Available information

We maintain a website at www.net1.com. Our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are available free of charge through the "SEC filings" portion of our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the SEC. The information contained on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Our Executive Officers

The table below presents our executive officers, their ages and their titles:

Name | Age | Title
Herman G. Kotzé | 50 | Chief Executive Officer and Director
Alex M.R. Smith | 51 | Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary, and Director
Philip S. Meyer | 63 | Managing Director: International Payments Group
Nanda Pillay | 49 | Managing Director: Southern Africa

Herman Kotzé has been our Chief Executive Officer since May 2017 and was our Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer from June 2004 to February 2018. As we previously announced, Mr. Kotzé will leave the Company at the end of September 2020. From January 2000 until June 2004, he served on the board of Aplitec as Group Financial Director. Mr. Kotzé joined Aplitec in November 1998 as a strategic financial analyst. Prior to joining Aplitec, Mr. Kotzé was a business analyst at the Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa. Mr. Kotzé has a bachelor of commerce honors degree, a post graduate diploma in treasury management, a higher diploma in taxation, completed his articles at KPMG, and is a member of the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants.

Alex M.R. Smith has been our Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary since March 2018. As we previously announced, Mr. Smith will serve as our interim Chief Executive Officer after Mr. Kotzé's departure and until the appointment of a new chief executive officer. Mr. Smith joined Allied Electronics Corporation Limited, or Altron, a JSE-listed company in 2006 and from August 2008 until February 2018, served as a director and its Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Altron, Mr. Smith worked in various positions at PricewaterhouseCoopers in Edinburgh, Scotland and Johannesburg from 1991 to 2005. Mr. Smith holds a bachelor of law (honours) degree from the University of Edinburgh and is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.

Philip Meyer has been the Managing Director of IPG since February 2018. Mr. Meyer has worked in the payments industry for over 20 years. He founded Transact24, one of our subsidiaries, and prior thereto, was Chief Executive: Information Technology and New Media for Naspers, a global media group. Mr. Meyer is a qualified engineer with a master's degree in engineering (electronic) and has a postgraduate diploma in strategic management. Mr. Meyer is registered with the Engineering Counsel of South Africa, is a member of the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers and is also a member of the Digital, Information & Telecommunications Committee and Asia & Africa Committee, Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce.

Nanda Pillay joined us in May 2000 and is responsible for our Southern African operations, including Financial Services, EasyPay, and SmartSwitch Botswana.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

OUR OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL RESULTS ARE SUBJECT TO VARIOUS RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, INCLUDING THOSE DESCRIBED BELOW, THAT COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS, FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, CASH FLOWS, AND THE TRADING PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK

Risks Relating to Our Business

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our business. We are unable to ascertain the impact the pandemic will have on our future financial position, operations, cash flows and stock price.

Our business has been, and continues to be, impacted by government restrictions and quarantines related to COVID-19. Like many other companies, we have been subject to government-imposed restrictions on, among other things, pricing for certain products and services and our ability to sell certain "non-essential" services. For example, until June 1, 2020, the restrictions imposed by the South African government suspended our lending and other financial services activities, and imposed limitations on the level of banking-related fees that we were permitted to charge our customers, which consequently impacted our business. Most employees in South Africa, including many of our employees, were required to work from home following the publication of government-imposed restrictions. Governments, including the South African government, have recommended that employees continue to work from home even after mandatory quarantine requirements were relaxed. As a result of the work from home environment, we face additional challenges providing employees with secure remote access to computer networks as well as initiating and accepting instructions via e-mail or other electronic media. Responsible action to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic may impact productivity and introduce new operating risks to us, our business partners, customers and suppliers.

Our business model depends on the expansion of our financial services activities in South Africa and relies on face-to-face interactions with our customers. As a result of the restrictions described above, our business was significantly and adversely impacted during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. In particular, we were unable to charge fees for certain transactions and were not permitted to originate loans or sell insurance policies through face-to-face interactions for a period of time. Going forward, we believe that our business activities will be adversely impacted if stricter restrictions are reintroduced to combat the spread of the pandemic. Furthermore, should there be an increase in mortality rates across our customer base, we may see an increase in microloan defaults and funeral policy claim payouts.

In addition to the adverse consequences on our business as described above, the pandemic has impacted global markets, including reduced economic activity and increased market volatility. Our stock price may be influenced by these events.

We are unable to accurately predict the impact of the pandemic and government-imposed restrictions on our future financial position, results of operations, cash flows and stock price. Circumstances may change rapidly as matters related to the pandemic evolve.

We have recently modified our business strategy to focus on South Africa, and to exit or reduce our activities outside the African continent. Our future success, and our ability to return to profitability and positive cash flow is substantially dependent on our ability to implement this strategy successfully.

During the last several months, our board has conducted an extensive review of our business strategy and operations. After completion of the strategic review in July 2020, our board has determined to focus on our South African operations and other business opportunities in South Africa and to a lesser extent, the rest of the African continent, and to exit or reduce our presence in other geographies. Our future success will depend on our ability to deploy the significant levels of cash generated from our recent asset dispositions effectively and efficiently. Any new businesses that we acquire or strategic investments that we make may not generate the level of returns that we expect them to generate. Further, we may face difficulty in optimizing the disposal of our non-African assets and operations. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will be able to implement our new strategy successfully and return to profitability and positive cash flow.

Even if we do return to profitability, achieving net income does not necessarily ensure positive cash flows. Future periods of net losses from operations could result in negative cash flow and may hamper ongoing operations and prevent us from sustaining or expanding our business. We cannot assure you that we will achieve, sustain or increase profitability in the future and if we do not, our business will be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the price of our common stock, which has declined substantially over the past several years, may not recover or decline even further if we do not successfully execute our new strategy.

Further, as we exit our other non-core operations and strategic investments, we may have charges associated with the write-down of assets and closure of certain of the regulated entities we operate may adversely impact our relationship with regulators. It may be difficult to dispose of some or all of these operations or investments on acceptable terms, if at all.

We face challenges in transforming our South African operations to a business-to-consumer model through our various bank account products and ATM infrastructure.

Following the conclusion of the SASSA contract on September 30, 2018, we refocused our resources and technology on the provision of financial inclusion services to our target market. In particular, we enabled our mobile ATM payment infrastructure to become part of the South African National Payment System and concentrated on taking our ATMs to the rural populations of South Africa so that they have the same access to financial inclusion as they had during the tenure of our contract, without the many inconveniences and inefficiencies of SASSA's new payment model. While we believe that our financial services offerings are convenient and cost-effective, the success of our strategy will depend on the extent to which South African customers continue to use our financial products and services on a widespread basis.

Factors that may prevent us from successfully operating and growing our South African financial services business include, but are not limited to:

• reduced adoption and utilization of our EPE accounts and related products and services;

• insufficient utilization of our ATM infrastructure, especially our mobile ATM infrastructure;

• inability to access sufficient funding for our ATM infrastructure;

• competition in the marketplace;

• restrictions imposed by SASSA or government on the manner in which recipients may transact;

• additional and/or protracted legal proceedings with SASSA or other parties;

• political interference;

• changes in the regulatory environment;

• dependence on existing suppliers to provide the hardware (such as ATMs, cards and POS devices) we require to execute our rollout as anticipated;

• logistical and communications challenges; and

• loss of key technical and operations staff.

CPS has been involved in continuous litigation for a number of years in relation to its contract with SASSA. Two of these cases may present a risk to us if a court were to hold us responsible for CPS' liabilities.

The first case relates to the February 2020 order of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, or Constitutional Court, the highest court in South Africa, rejecting CPS' appeal of a lower court judgment ordering CPS to repay SASSA more than ZAR 316 million, plus interest, of contract implementation costs reimbursed to CPS in 2014, thus exhausting CPS legal remedies in this case. Because CPS' liability on this judgment substantially exceeds the value of its assets, CPS has, pursuant to a resolution of its board, been placed into business rescue, which is a South African process similar to a Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceeding. SASSA is seeking to set aside the business rescue and has brought an application to liquidate CPS instead in order to hold inquiries into the affairs of CPS. Refer also to "Item 3.-Legal Proceedings-CPS placed into business rescue and SASSA application to place CPS into liquidation."

The second case arises from the 2012 order of the Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa, or High Court, declaring the invalidity of the SASSA contract and requiring CPS to file a financial statement, to be audited by independent auditors, detailing CPS' revenues earned, expenses incurred and profits derived from the SASSA contract. After CPS filed two independent audit verification reports (and after SASSA filed one such report as well), Freedom Under Law, or FUL, a South African non-governmental organization, made an application to the Constitutional Court alleging that CPS underreported its profits from the SASSA contract and requested the Constitutional Court to order CPS to repay such profits. CPS has opposed FUL's request on the basis that FUL is asking for new relief that does not fall under the Court's supervisory jurisdiction. Refer also to "Item 3.-Legal Proceedings- Freedom Under Law application to the Constitutional Court."

While no claim has been made against us that we should be held liable for the obligations of CPS resulting from the February 2020 Constitutional Court order or from any potential judgment ordering CPS to repay its contract profits, and while we do not believe that there would be a legitimate legal basis for any such claims, we cannot assure you that any such claim will not be made against us. If SASSA or another third party were to seek and ultimately succeed in obtaining a judgment against us in respect of CPS' liabilities, any such judgment would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our ability to operate effectively and efficiently in South Africa in the future will be adversely impacted if we are unable to communicate persuasively that our business practices comply with South African law and are fair to the customers who purchase our financial services products.

The South African public, media, non-governmental organizations and political parties have utilized a number of platforms, including social media, to criticize SASSA over its failure to implement the orders of the Constitutional Court over the last two years and express their dissatisfaction with the state of affairs. Among the criticisms, we have been accused of being responsible for SASSA's inability to bring the payment service in-house. In addition, we were publicly accused of illegally providing our services and defrauding social welfare grant recipients. We have publicly denied these accusations and believe they have no merit.

Our reputation in South Africa has been tarnished as a result of these accusations. We have attempted to refute the allegations made against us and have appointed a public relations firm to assist us in communicating effectively to the public and our stakeholders that our business practices comply with South African law and are fair to the social welfare grant recipients who purchase the financial services products that we offer. It is difficult to quantify to what extent we have been successful in effectively repudiating these unsubstantiated allegations against us. If we are unable to communicate persuasively that our business practices comply with South African law and are fair to the customers who purchase our financial services products, our ability to operate effectively and efficiently in South Africa in the future will be adversely impacted, and our results of operations, financial position and cash flows would be adversely affected.

A prolonged economic slowdown or lengthy or severe recession in South Africa or elsewhere could harm our operations.

A prolonged economic downturn or recession in South Africa could materially impact our results from operations, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and our strategic decision to focus on our South African operations. Economic confidence in South Africa, our main operating environment, is currently low and, as a result, the risk of a prolonged economic downturn is enhanced. A recessionary economic environment could have a negative impact on mobile phone operators, our cardholders and retailers and could reduce the level of transactions we process, the take-up of the financial services we offer and the ability of our customers to repay our microloans or to pay their insurance premiums, which would, in turn, negatively impact our financial results. If financial institutions and retailers experience decreased demand for their products and services, our hardware, software and related technology sales will decrease, resulting in lower revenue.

We may undertake acquisitions or make strategic investments that could increase our costs or liabilities or be disruptive to our business.

Acquisitions and strategic investments are an integral part of our new growth strategy as we seek to grow our business and to deploy our technologies in new markets in South Africa. However, we may not be able to locate suitable acquisition or investment candidates at prices that we consider appropriate. If we do identify an appropriate acquisition or investment candidate, we may not be able to successfully negotiate the terms of the transaction, finance it or, if the transaction occurs, integrate the new business into our existing business. These transactions may require debt financing or additional equity financing, resulting in additional leverage or dilution of ownership.

Acquisitions of businesses or other material operations and the integration of these acquisitions or their businesses will require significant attention from our senior management which may divert their attention from our day to day business. The difficulties of integration may be increased by the necessity of integrating personnel with disparate business backgrounds and combining different corporate cultures. We also may not be able to retain key employees or customers of an acquired business or realize cost efficiencies or synergies or other benefits that we anticipated when selecting our acquisition candidates. Acquisition candidates may have liabilities or adverse operating issues that we fail to discover through due diligence prior to the acquisition.

We may need to record write-downs from future impairments of goodwill or other intangible assets, which could reduce our future reported earnings. During fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 we recognized impairment losses of $6.3 million, $14.4 million and $20.9 million, respectively. In addition, as disclosed in Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements, one of our strategic partners, Finbond, restated its consolidated financial statements, which impacted our reported results and caused us to restate our 2019 and 2018 financial statements to correct for the Finbond restatement. If, in the future, any similar events occur, additional restatements may be required, which could impact our reported earnings.

Our ability to fund our ATM network requires that we continue to have access to sufficient lending facilities which require compliance with restrictive and financial covenants.

The expansion of our fixed and mobile ATM network, along with an increase in our consumer banking client base, necessitates access to large amounts of cash to stock the ATMs and maintain uninterrupted service levels. We have credit facilities from Rand Merchant Bank, a division of FirstRand Bank Limited, or RMB, and Nedbank Limited, South African banks. Our RMB debt facility expires in September 2020. We may not be able to extend the terms of these debt facilities or refinance, in each case, on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition, any adverse change to the terms of our credit facilities, a significant reduction in the amounts available under our credit facilities, or our failure to increase our facilities if required, will have an adverse impact on our ability to continue uninterrupted operation of our ATM network and our revenues from this business. We will also suffer reputational damage if our service levels are negatively impacted due to the unavailability of cash.

Our facilities are secured by intercompany cross-guarantees, a guarantee from Net1 and a pledge by Net1 SA of its entire equity interest in Cell C. The terms of the lending arrangement contain covenants that require Net1 SA to maintain certain asset cover ratios and restrict the ability of Net1 SA, and certain of its subsidiaries to make certain distributions with respect to their capital stock, prepay other debt, encumber their assets, incur additional indebtedness, make investment above specified levels, engage in certain business combinations and engage in other corporate activities without the approval of the lenders. These security arrangements and covenants may reduce our operating flexibility or our ability to engage in other transactions that may be beneficial to us. If we are unable to comply with the covenants in South Africa, we could be in default and the indebtedness could be accelerated. If this were to occur, we might not be able to obtain waivers of default or to refinance the debt with another lender and as a result, our business and financial condition would suffer.

We may be unable to recover the carrying value of certain Cell C airtime that we own which is subject to resale restrictions.

We own a substantial amount of Cell C airtime inventory ($14.3 million translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020). We have entered into an agreement with our co-shareholder in Cell C under which $4.2 million of the airtime inventory may only be sold after October 1, 2020. These restrictions expose us to market risk for this inventory. The balance of the airtime acquired was subject to resale restrictions through April 1, 2020 and is not readily saleable in the current market without realising a loss. In light of this, we recorded a loss of $1.3 million during fiscal 2020, related to this airtime inventory. We may be required to record further losses in the future or we may be unable to recover the carrying value of this airtime inventory as a result of the business failure of Cell C. Failure to recover the carrying value of this inventory may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Our microlending loan book exposes us to credit risk and our allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable may not be sufficient to absorb future write-offs.

All of our microfinance loans made are for a period of six months or less. We have created an allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable related to this book. Management has considered factors including the period of the finance loan outstanding, creditworthiness of the customers and the past payment history of the borrower when creating the allowance. We consider this policy to be appropriate taking into account factors such as historical bad debts, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment patterns. However, additional allowances may be required should the ability of our customers to make payments when due deteriorate in the future. In particular, we cannot predict the impact the current pandemic may have on collections, though to date we have not experienced any material deterioration in collection rates. A significant amount of judgment is required to assess the ultimate recoverability of these finance loan receivables, including on-going evaluation of the creditworthiness of each customer.

We face competition from the incumbent retail banks in South Africa and SAPO in the unbanked market segment, which could limit our growth.

Certain South African banks have also developed their own low-cost banking products targeted at the unbanked and underbanked market segment. According to the 2018 FinScope SA 2018 Fact Sheet, a survey conducted by the FinMark Trust, a non-profit independent trust, 80% of South Africans are banked. As the competition to bank the unbanked in South Africa intensifies, we may not be successful in marketing our low-cost products to our target population. Moreover, as our product offerings increase, gain market acceptance and pose a competitive threat in South Africa, especially our UEPS/EMV product with biometric verification and our financial services offerings, the banks and SAPO may seek governmental or other regulatory intervention if they view us as disrupting their transactional or other businesses.

We may face competition from other companies that offer innovative payment technologies and payment processing, which could result in the loss of our existing business and adversely impact our ability to successfully market additional products and services.

Our primary competitors in the payment processing market include other independent processors, as well as financial institutions, independent sales organizations, new digital and fintech entrants and, potentially card networks. Many of our competitors are companies who are larger than we are and have greater financial and operational resources than we have. These factors may allow them to offer better pricing terms or incentives to customers, which could result in a loss of our potential or current customers or could force us to lower our prices as well. Either of these actions could have a significant effect on our revenues and earnings.

In addition to competition that our UEPS system faces from the use of cash, checks, credit and debit cards, existing payment systems and the providers of financial services and low-cost bank accounts, there are a number of other products that use smart card technology in connection with a funds transfer system. During the past several years, smart card technology has become increasingly prevalent. We believe that the most competitive product in this marketplace is EMV, a system that is promoted by most of the major card companies such as Visa, MasterCard, JCB and American Express. Also, governments and financial institutions are, to an increasing extent, implementing general-purpose reloadable prepaid cards as a low-cost alternative to provide financial services to the unbanked population. Moreover, as the acceptance of using a mobile phone to facilitate financial services has increased exponentially, other companies have introduced such services to the marketplace successfully and customers may prefer those services to ours, based on technology, price or other factors.

We are in the process of transitioning to a new chief executive officer. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to manage this transition successfully, and to attract, integrate, retain and incentivize other key personnel.

On August 5, 2020, we announced that Herman G. Kotzé will resign from his position as our chief executive officer and as a member of our board of directors, effective as of September 30, 2020. Alex M.R. Smith, our chief financial officer, will serve as interim chief executive officer upon Mr. Kotzé's departure, until the board of directors finalizes the appointment of a permanent chief executive officer. We have entered into a consultancy agreement with Mr. Kotzé, which is effective for the period from December 1, 2020 through May 31, 2021. Replacing a departing chief executive officer can involve organizational disruption and uncertainty. If we fail to manage this transition successfully, we could experience significant delays or difficulty in the achievement of our development and strategic objectives and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely harmed.

We must also attract, retain and motivate additional highly-qualified employees. We may experience difficulty in managing transitions and assimilating our newly-hired personnel, which may adversely affect our business. Competition for qualified personnel can be intense. Competitors may attempt to recruit our top management and employees. In order to attract and retain personnel in a competitive marketplace, we must provide competitive pay packages, including cash and equity-based compensation and the volatility in our stock price may from time to time adversely affect our ability to recruit or retain employees. Many of our key responsibilities in South Africa are currently performed by Messrs. Kotzé and Smith, as well as by Mr. Nanda Pillay, our Managing Director: Southern Africa. We do not maintain any "key person" life insurance policies. If we fail to attract, integrate, retain and incentivize key personnel, our ability to manage and grow our business could be harmed.

We face a highly competitive employment market and may not be successful in attracting and retaining a sufficient number of skilled employees, particularly in the technical and sales areas and senior management.

Our future success depends on our ability to continue to develop new products and to market these products to our targeted users. In order to succeed in our product development and marketing efforts, we need to identify, attract, motivate and retain sufficient numbers of qualified technical and sales personnel. An inability to hire and retain such technical personnel would adversely affect our ability to enhance our existing intellectual property, to introduce new generations of technology and to keep abreast of current developments in technology. Demand for personnel with the range of capabilities and experience we require is high and there is no assurance that we will be successful in attracting and retaining these employees. The risk exists that our technical skills and sales base may be depleted over time because of natural attrition. Furthermore, social and economic factors in South Africa have led, and continue to lead, to numerous qualified individuals leaving the country, thus depleting the availability of qualified personnel in South Africa. If we cannot recruit and retain people with the appropriate capabilities and experience and effectively integrate these people into our business, it could negatively affect our product development and marketing activities.

System failures, including breaches in the security of our system, could harm our business.

We may experience system failures from time to time, and any lengthy interruption in the availability of our back-end system computer could harm our business, and could subject us to the scrutiny of our customers. Frequent or persistent interruptions in our services could cause current or potential customers and users to believe that our systems are unreliable, leading them to avoid our technology altogether, and could permanently harm our reputation and brands. These interruptions would increase the burden on our staff, which, in turn, could delay our introduction of new applications and services. Finally, because our customers may use our products for critical transactions, any system failures could result in damage to our customers' businesses. These customers could seek significant compensation from us for their losses. Even if unsuccessful, this type of claim could be time consuming and costly for us to address.

Although our systems have been designed to reduce downtime in the event of outages or catastrophic occurrences, they remain vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunication failures, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks and similar events. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities.

Protection against fraud is of key importance to the purchasers and end users of our solutions. We incorporate security features, including encryption software, biometric identification and secure hardware, into our solutions to protect against fraud in electronic transactions and to provide for the privacy and integrity of card holder data. Our solutions may be vulnerable to breaches in security due to defects in the security mechanisms, the operating system and applications or the hardware platform. Security vulnerabilities could jeopardize the security of information transmitted using our solutions. If the security of our solutions is compromised, our reputation and marketplace acceptance of our solutions will be adversely affected, which would cause our business to suffer, and we may become subject to damage claims. We have not yet experienced any significant security breaches affecting our business.

Despite any precautions we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems with our system could result in lengthy interruptions in our services. Our current business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for losses that may result from interruptions in our service as a result of system failures.

Our proprietary rights may not adequately protect our technologies.

Our success depends in part on our obtaining and maintaining patent, trade secret, copyright and trademark protection of our technologies in the United States and other jurisdictions as well as successfully enforcing this intellectual property and defending this intellectual property against third-party challenges. We will only be able to protect our technologies from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that valid and enforceable intellectual property protections, such as patents or trade secrets, cover them. In particular, we place considerable emphasis on obtaining patent and trade secret protection for significant new technologies, products and processes. Furthermore, the degree of future protection of our proprietary rights is uncertain because legal means afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights or permit us to gain or keep our competitive advantage.

We cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents. For example, we might not have been the first to make the inventions covered by each of our patents and patent applications or to file patent applications and it is possible that none of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents. It is possible that others may independently develop similar or alternative technologies. Also, our issued patents may not provide a basis for commercially viable products, or may not provide us with any competitive advantages or may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented by third parties.

We also rely on trade secrets to protect our technology, especially where we believe patent protection is not appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are difficult to protect. We have confidentiality agreements with employees, and consultants to protect our trade secrets and proprietary know-how. These agreements may be breached and/or may not have adequate remedies for such breach. While we use reasonable efforts to protect our trade secrets, our employees, consultants or others may unintentionally or willfully disclose our information to competitors. If we were to enforce a claim that a third party had illegally obtained and was using our trade secrets, our enforcement efforts would be expensive and time-consuming, and the outcome would be unpredictable. Moreover, if our competitors independently develop equivalent knowledge, methods and know-how, it will be more difficult for us to enforce our rights and our business could be harmed. If we are not able to defend the patent or trade secret protection position of our technologies, then we will not be able to exclude competitors from developing or marketing competing technologies.

We also rely on trademarks to establish a market identity for some of our products. To maintain the value of our trademarks, we might have to file lawsuits against third parties to prevent them from using trademarks confusingly similar to or dilutive of our registered or unregistered trademarks. Also, we might not obtain registrations for our pending trademark applications and might have to defend our registered trademark and pending trademark applications from challenge by third parties.

Defending our intellectual property rights or defending ourselves in infringement suits that may be brought against us is expensive and time-consuming and may not be successful.

Litigation to enforce our patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights or to protect our trade secrets could result in substantial costs and may not be successful. Any loss of, or inability to protect, intellectual property in our technology could diminish our competitive advantage and also seriously harm our business. In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws in countries where we currently have patent protection. Our means of protecting our intellectual property rights in countries where we currently have patent or trademark protection, or any other country in which we operate, may not be adequate to fully protect our intellectual property rights. Similarly, if third parties claim that we infringe their intellectual property rights, we may be required to incur significant costs and devote substantial resources to the defense of such claims. We may be required to discontinue using and selling any infringing technology and services, to expend resources to develop non-infringing technology or to purchase licenses or pay royalties for other technology. In addition, if we are unsuccessful in defending any such third-party claims, we could suffer costly judgments and injunctions that could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our strategy of partnering with third parties may not be successful.

We conduct certain business activities, including outside South Africa, through strategic partnering arrangements with third parties. In such circumstances, we typically acquire a minority interest in an operating company in which a strategic partner also has an interest. While the relevant strategic partner may have primary responsibility for, among other things, the day-to-day business operations of the relevant strategic partnership, we typically retain certain elements of control, such as the ability to vote for or appoint members to the board (or equivalent) of such strategic partnerships, having input into management of those partnerships, and/or maintaining major decision rights with respect to operations. To the extent that we maintain such strategic partnership arrangements, we may not realize the expected benefits from these investments. The success of these endeavors is subject to a number of factors over which we have little or no control. For example, we may depend on our partners to provide knowledge of local market conditions and to facilitate the acquisition of any necessary licenses and permits. Additionally, although we typically retain certain elements of control, we are not able to completely direct the policies and strategies of these operating companies.

Such limits to our control could result in the loss of all or part of our investment in such entities. In addition, our foreign partners may have different business methods and customs which may be unfamiliar to us and with which we disagree. Furthermore, limitations imposed on our South African subsidiaries by South African exchange control regulations may limit our ability to establish partnerships or entities outside South Africa in which we do not obtain a controlling interest.

Additionally, our minority interest ownership of entities with our strategic partners may be deemed to be “investment securities” within the meaning of Section 3(a)(2) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act, which could cause us to be deemed to be an investment company within the meaning of Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act. For more information, please refer to the risk factor, “We may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act.”

We may incur material losses in connection with our distribution of cash through our payment infrastructure in South Africa.

Many cardholders use our services to access cash using their debit cards. We use armored vehicles and our own fixed ATM infrastructure to deliver large amounts of cash to rural areas across South Africa to enable these cardholders to receive this cash. In some cases, we also store the cash that will be delivered by the armored vehicles in depots overnight or over the weekend to facilitate delivery to these rural areas. We cannot insure against certain risks of loss or theft of cash from our delivery vehicles, ATMs or depots and we will therefore bear the full cost of certain uninsured losses or theft in connection with the cash handling process, and such losses could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. We have not incurred any material losses resulting from cash distribution in recent years, but there is no assurance that we will not incur material losses in the future.

We depend upon third-party suppliers, making us vulnerable to supply shortages and price fluctuations, which could harm our business.

We obtain our smart cards, ATMs, POS devices and the other hardware we use in our business from a limited number of suppliers, and do not manufacture this equipment ourselves. We generally do not have long-term agreements with our manufacturers or component suppliers. If our suppliers become unwilling or unable to provide us with adequate supplies of parts or products when we need them, or if they increase their prices, we may not be able to find alternative sources in a timely manner and could be faced with a critical shortage. This could harm our ability to implement new systems and cause our revenues to decline. Even if we are able to secure alternative sources in a timely manner, our costs could increase. A supply interruption or an increase in demand beyond current suppliers' capabilities could harm our ability to distribute our equipment and thus, to acquire a new source of customers who use our technology. Any interruption in the supply of the hardware necessary to operate our technology, or our inability to obtain substitute equipment at acceptable prices in a timely manner, could impair our ability to meet the demand of our customers, which would have an adverse effect on our business.

Our Smart Life business exposes us to risks typically experienced by life assurance companies.

Smart Life is a life insurance company and exposes us to risks typically experienced by life assurance companies. Some of these risks include the extent to which we are able to continue to reinsure our risks at acceptable costs, reinsurer counterparty risk, maintaining regulatory capital adequacy, solvency and liquidity requirements, our ability to price our insurance products appropriately, the risk that actual claims experience may exceed our estimates, the ability to recover policy premiums from our customers and the competitiveness of the South African insurance market. If we are unable to maintain our desired level of reinsurance at prices that we consider acceptable, we would have to either accept an increase in our exposure risk or reduce our insurance writings. If our reinsurers are unable to meet their commitments to us in a timely manner, or at all, we may be unable to discharge our obligations under our insurance contracts. As such, we are exposed to counterparty, including credit, risk of these reinsurers.

Our product pricing includes long-term assumptions regarding investment returns, mortality, morbidity, persistency and operating costs and expenses of the business. Using the wrong assumptions to price our insurance products could materially and adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

If our actual claims experience is higher than our estimates, particularly in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected. Finally, the South African insurance industry is highly competitive. Many of our competitors are well-established, represented nationally and market similar products and we may not be able to effectively penetrate the South African insurance market.

Risks Relating to Operating in South Africa and Other Foreign Markets

If we do not achieve applicable broad-based black economic empowerment objectives in our South African businesses, we risk losing our government and/or private contracts and/or risk not being in compliance with any government and/or private contracts which we have already entered into. In addition, it is possible that we may be required to increase the black shareholding of our company in a manner that could dilute your ownership and/or change the companies from which we purchase goods or procure services (to companies with a better BEE Contributor Status Level).

The legislative framework for the promotion of broad-based black economic empowerment, or BEE, in South Africa has been established through the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, No. 53 of 2003, as amended from time to time, and the Amended BEE Codes of Good Practice, 2013, or BEE Codes, and any sector-specific codes of good practice, or Sector Codes, published pursuant thereto. Sector Codes are fully binding between and among businesses operating in a sector for which a Sector Code has been published. Achievement of BEE objectives is measured by a scorecard which establishes a weighting for the various elements. Save for certain instances where entities are only required to obtain an affidavit (for example, exempted micro enterprises and a qualifying small enterprise that is 51% Black Owned or 100% Black Owned (as defined in the BEE Codes and/or Sector Codes)), scorecards are independently reviewed by accredited BEE verification agencies which issue a certificate that presents an entity's BEE Contributor Status Level.

Certain of our South African businesses are subject to either the Information, Communications and Technology Sector Code, or ICT Sector Code, or the Financial Services Sector Code. The ICT Sector Code has been amended and aligned with the new BEE Codes and was promulgated in November 2016. Likewise, the Financial Services Sector Code has been amended and aligned with the new BEE Codes and was promulgated in December 2017.

The BEE scorecard includes a component relating to management control, which serves to determine the participation of black people at various levels of management within a measured entity (including, inter alia, at Board level, Executive Management, Senior Management, Middle Management and Junior Management). The BEE Codes and/or Sector Codes define the terms "Senior Management", "Middle Management" and "Junior Management" as those occupational categories as determined in accordance with the Employment Equity Regulations. Annexure EEA9 to the Employment Equity Regulations sets out the various occupational levels which are determined in accordance with the relevant grading systems applied by the measured entity and referred to in the said Annexure. Employment equity legislation seeks to drive the alignment of the workforce with the racial composition of South Africa. The proposed legislation aims to accelerate the achievement of employment equity targets, introducing monetary fines for non-achievement. Failing to meet these targets may expose us to fines.

We have taken a number of actions as a company to increase empowerment of black (as defined under applicable regulations) South Africans. However, it is possible that these actions may not be sufficient to enable us to achieve applicable BEE objectives. In that event, in order to avoid risking the loss of our government and private contracts, we may have to seek to comply through other means, including by selling or placing additional shares of Net1 or of our South African subsidiaries to black South Africans (either directly or indirectly). Such sales or placements of shares could have a dilutive impact on your ownership interest, which could cause the market price of our stock to decline.

We expect that our BEE Contributor Status Level will be important for us in order to remain competitive in the South African marketplace and we continually seek ways to improve our BEE Contributor Status Level, especially the ownership (so-called "equity element") element thereof. We have entered into various BEE transactions in the past in an effort to improve our score, including transactions in which we issued equity to BEE partners.

It is possible that we may find it necessary to issue additional shares to improve our BEE Contributor Status Level. If we enter into further BEE transactions that involve the issuance of equity, we cannot predict what the dilutive effect of such a transaction would be on your ownership or how it would affect the market price of our stock.

Fluctuations in the value of the South African rand have had, and will continue to have, a significant impact on our reported results of operations, which may make it difficult to evaluate our business performance between reporting periods and may also adversely affect our stock price.

The South African rand, or ZAR, is the primary operating currency for our business operations while our financial results are reported in U.S. dollars. This means that as long as the ZAR remains our primary operating currency, depreciation in the ZAR against the U.S. dollar, would negatively impact our reported revenue and net income, while a strengthening of the ZAR would have the opposite effect. Depreciation in the ZAR may negatively impact the prices at which our stock trades. The U.S. dollar/ZAR exchange rate has historically been volatile and we expect this volatility to continue. We provide detailed information about historical exchange rates in Item 7-"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Currency Exchange Rate Information."

Due to the significant fluctuation in the value of the ZAR and its impact on our reported results, you may find it difficult to compare our results of operations between financial reporting periods even though we provide supplemental information about our results of operations determined on a ZAR basis. It may also have a negative impact on our stock price.

We generally do not engage in any currency hedging transactions intended to reduce the effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on our results of operations, other than economic hedging relating to our inventory purchases which are settled in U.S. dollars or euros. We have used forward contracts in order to hedge our economic exposure to the ZAR/U.S. dollar and ZAR/euro exchange rate fluctuations from these foreign currency transactions. We cannot guarantee that we will enter into hedging transactions in the future or, if we do, that these transactions will successfully protect us against currency fluctuations.

South Africa's high levels of poverty, unemployment and crime may increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain a qualified workforce

While South Africa has a highly developed financial and legal infrastructure, it also has high levels of crime and unemployment, relative to peer countries in Africa and other emerging economies, and there are significant differences in the level of economic and social development among its people, with large parts of the population, particularly in the rural areas, having limited access to adequate education, healthcare, housing and other basic services, including water and electricity. In addition, South Africa has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Government policies aimed at alleviating and redressing the disadvantages suffered by the majority of citizens under previous governments may increase our costs and reduce our profitability, all of which could negatively affect our business. These problems may prompt emigration of skilled workers, hinder investment into South Africa and impede economic growth. As a result, we may have difficulties attracting and retaining qualified employees.

We may not be able to effectively and efficiently manage the electricity supply disruptions in South Africa, which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial position, cash flows and future growth.

Our businesses in South Africa are dependent on electricity generated and supplied by the state-owned utility, Eskom, in order to operate. In recent years, Eskom has been unable to generate and supply the amount of electricity required by South Africans, and the entire country experienced significant and often unpredictable electricity supply disruptions. Eskom has implemented a number of short- and long-term mitigation plans to correct these issues but supply disruptions continue to occur regularly and with no predictability. Eskom requires significant funding from the South African government in order to continue to operate.

As part of our business continuity programs, we have installed back-up diesel generators in order for us to continue to operate our core data processing facilities in Cape Town and Johannesburg in the event of intermittent disruptions to our electricity supply. We have to perform regular monitoring and maintenance of these generators as well as sourcing and managing diesel fuel levels. We may also be required to replace these generators on a more frequent basis due to the additional burden placed on them.

Our results of operations, financial position, cash flows and future growth could be adversely affected if Eskom is unable raise sufficient funding to operate and/ or to commission new electricity-generating power stations in accordance with its plans, or at all, or if we are unable to effectively and efficiently test, maintain, source fuel for and replace our generators.

The economy of South Africa is exposed to high inflation, interest rates and rates of corporate tax, which could increase our operating costs and thereby reduce our profitability. Furthermore, the South African government requires additional income to fund future government expenditures and may be required, among other things, to increase existing income taxes rates, including the corporate income tax rate, amend existing tax legislation or introduce additional taxes.

The economy of South Africa in the past has been, and in the future may continue to be, characterized by rates of inflation and interest rates that are substantially higher than those prevailing in the United States and other highly developed economies. High rates of inflation could increase our South African-based costs and decrease our operating margins. Higher interest rates increase the cost of our debt financing, though conversely they also increase the amount of income we earn on any cash balances. The South African corporate income tax rate, of 28%, is higher than the U.S. federal income tax rate, of 21%. The South African government has announced a number of programs and initiatives that may require funding from a variety of sources, including from an increase in existing tax rates, including the corporate income tax rate; amendments to existing South African tax legislation; or through the introduction of additional taxes. An increase in the effective South African corporate income tax rate will adversely impact our profitability and cash flow generation.

South African exchange control regulations could hinder our ability to make foreign investments and obtain foreign-denominated financing.

South Africa's exchange control regulations restrict the export of capital from South Africa, the Republic of Namibia and the Kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland, known collectively as the Common Monetary Area, without the prior approval of the South African Reserve Bank, or SARB. While the South African government has relaxed exchange controls in recent years, it is difficult to predict whether or how it will further relax or abolish exchange control measures in the foreseeable future.

Although Net1 is a U.S. corporation and is not itself subject to South African exchange control regulations, these regulations do restrict the ability of our South African subsidiaries to raise and deploy capital outside the Common Monetary Area, to borrow money in currencies other than the South African rand and to hold foreign currency. Exchange control restrictions may also affect the ability of these subsidiaries to pay dividends to Net1 unless the affected subsidiary can show that any payment of such dividend will not place it in an over-borrowed position. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 20% of our cash and cash equivalents (excluding restricted cash) were held by our South African subsidiaries. Exchange control regulations could make it difficult for our South African subsidiaries to: (i) export capital from South Africa; (ii) hold foreign currency or incur indebtedness denominated in foreign currencies without the approval of SARB; or (iii) acquire an interest in a foreign venture without the approval of SARB and first having complied with the investment criteria of SARB.

Under current exchange control regulations, SARB approval would be required for any acquisition of our company which would involve payment to our South African shareholders of any consideration other than South African rand. This restriction could limit our management in its ability to consider strategic options and thus, our shareholders may not be able to realize a premium over the current trading price of our shares.

Operating in South Africa and other emerging markets subjects us to greater risks than those we would face if we operated in more developed markets.

Emerging markets such as South Africa, as well as some of the other markets in which we have investments or operations, including African countries outside South Africa and South and Southeast Asia, are subject to greater risks than more developed markets. While we focus our business primarily on emerging markets because that is where we perceive to be the greatest opportunities to market our products and services successfully, the political, economic and market conditions in many of these markets present risks that could make it more difficult to operate our business successfully.

Some of these risks include:

• political and economic instability, including higher rates of inflation and currency fluctuations;

• high levels of corruption, including bribery of public officials;

• loss due to civil strife, acts of war or terrorism, guerrilla activities and insurrection;

• a lack of well-developed legal systems which could make it difficult for us to enforce our intellectual property and contractual rights;

• logistical, utilities (including electricity and water supply) and communications challenges;

• potential adverse changes in laws and regulatory practices, including import and export license requirements and restrictions, tariffs, legal structures and tax laws;

• difficulties in staffing and managing operations and ensuring the safety of our employees;

• restrictions on the right to convert or repatriate currency or export assets;

• greater risk of uncollectible accounts and longer collection cycles;

• indigenization and empowerment programs;

• exposure to liability under the UK Bribery Act; and• exposure to liability under U.S. securities and foreign trade laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and regulations established by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC.

• exposure to liability under U.S. securities and foreign trade laws, including the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, and regulations established by the U.S. Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, or OFAC.

Many of these countries and regions are in various stages of developing institutions and political, legal and regulatory systems that are characteristic of democracies. However, institutions in these countries and regions may not yet be as firmly established as they are in democracies in the developed world. Many of these countries and regions are also in the process of transitioning to a market economy and, as a result, are experiencing changes in their economies and their government policies that can affect our investments in these countries and regions.

Moreover, the procedural safeguards of the new legal and regulatory regimes in these countries and regions are still being developed and, therefore, existing laws and regulations may be applied inconsistently. In some circumstances, it may not be possible to obtain the legal remedies provided under those laws and regulations in a timely manner. As the political, economic and legal environments remain subject to continuous development, investors in these countries and regions face uncertainty as to the security of their investments. Any unexpected changes in the political or economic conditions in these or neighboring countries or others in the region may have a material adverse effect on the investments that we have made or may make in the future, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.

Risks Relating to Government Regulation

The South African National Credit Regulator has applied to cancel the registration of our subsidiary, Moneyline Financial Services (Pty) Ltd, as a credit provider. If the registration is cancelled, we will not be able to provide loans to our customers, which would harm our business.

Moneyline provides microloans to our EPE cardholders. Moneyline is a registered credit provider under the South African National Credit Act, or NCA, and is required to comply with the NCA in the operation of its lending business. In September 2014, the South African National Credit Regulator, or NCR, applied to the National Consumer Tribunal to cancel Moneyline's registration, based on an investigation concluded by the NCR.

The NCR has alleged, among other things, that Moneyline contravened the NCA by including child support grants and foster child grants in the affordability assessments performed by Moneyline prior to granting credit to these borrowers, and that the procedures followed and documentation maintained by Moneyline are not in accordance with the NCA. We believe that Moneyline has conducted its business in compliance with NCA and we are opposing the NCR's application. However, if the NCR's application is successful, Moneyline would be prohibited from operating its microlending business, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

We are required to comply with certain laws and regulations, including economic and trade sanctions, which could adversely impact our future growth.

We are subject to U.S. and other trade controls, economic sanctions and similar laws and regulations, including those in the jurisdictions where we operate. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to civil, criminal and administrative penalties and harm our reputation. Doing business on a worldwide basis requires us to comply with the laws and regulations of various foreign jurisdictions. These laws and regulations place restrictions on our operations, trade practices, partners and investment decisions. In particular, our operations are subject to U.S. and foreign trade control laws and regulations, including various export controls and economic sanctions programs, such as those administered by OFAC, as well as European sanctions. We monitor compliance in accordance with the 10 principles as set out in the United Nations Global Compact Principles, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development recommendations relating to corruption, and the International Labor Organization Protocol in terms of certain of the items to be monitored. As a result of doing business in foreign countries and with foreign partners, we are exposed to a heightened risk of violating trade control laws as well as sanctions regulations.

Economic sanctions programs restrict our business dealings with certain sanctioned countries, persons and entities. In addition, because we act through dealers and distributors, we face the risk that our dealers, distributors and customers might further distribute our products to a sanctioned person or entity, or an ultimate end-user in a sanctioned country, which might subject us to an investigation concerning compliance with OFAC or other sanctions regulations.

Violations of trade control laws and sanctions regulations are punishable by civil penalties, including fines, denial of export privileges, injunctions, asset seizures, debarment from government contracts and revocations or restrictions of licenses, as well as criminal fines and imprisonment. We have developed policies and procedures as part of a company-wide compliance program that is designed to assist our compliance with applicable U.S. and international trade control laws and regulations, including trade controls and sanctions programs administered by OFAC, and provide regular training to our employees to comply with these laws and regulations.

However, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, consultants, partners, agents or other associated persons will not take actions in violation of our policies and these laws and regulations, or that our policies and procedures will effectively prevent us from violating these regulations in every transaction in which we may engage, or provide a defense to any alleged violation. In particular, we may be held liable for the actions that our local, strategic or joint venture partners take inside or outside of the United States, even though our partners may not be subject to these laws. Such a violation, even if our policies prohibit it, could materially and adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition. Our expansion in developing countries, and our development of new partnerships and joint venture relationships, could increase the risk of OFAC violations in the future.

In addition, our payment processing activities are subject to extensive regulation. Compliance with the requirements under the various regulatory regimes may cause us to incur significant additional costs and failure to comply with such requirements could result in the shutdown of the non-complying facility, the imposition of liens, fines and/or civil or criminal liability.

We are required to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations, including the FCPA and UK Bribery Act, in the jurisdictions in which we operate our business, which could adversely impact our future growth.

The FCPA prohibits us from providing anything of value to foreign officials for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business, or securing any improper business advantage. It also requires us to keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect our transactions. As part of our business, we may deal with state-owned business enterprises, the employees of which are considered foreign officials for purposes of the FCPA.

In addition, we have to comply with the UK Bribery Act which includes provisions that extend beyond bribery of foreign public officials and also apply to transactions with individuals not employed by a government. The provisions of the UK Bribery Act are also more onerous than the FCPA in a number of other respects, including jurisdiction, non-exemption of facilitation payments and penalties. Some of the international locations in which we operate, lack a developed legal system and have higher than normal levels of corruption.

Any failure by us to adopt appropriate compliance procedures and ensure that our employees, agents and business partners comply with the FCPA could subject us to substantial penalties. In addition, the requirement that we comply with the FCPA could put us at a competitive disadvantage with companies that are not required to comply with the FCPA or could otherwise harm our business. For example, in many emerging markets, there may be significant levels of official corruption, and thus, bribery of public officials may be a commonly accepted cost of doing business. Our refusal to engage in illegal behavior, such as paying bribes, may result in us not being able to obtain business that we might otherwise have been able to secure or possibly even result in unlawful, selective or arbitrary action being taken against us by foreign officials.

Violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations are punishable by civil penalties, including fines, as well as criminal fines and imprisonment. We have developed policies and procedures as part of a company-wide compliance program that is designed to assist our compliance with applicable U.S. and international anti-corruption laws and regulations, and provide regular training to our employees to comply with these laws and regulations. However, there can be no assurance that all of our employees, consultants, partners, agents or other associated persons will not take actions in violation of our policies and these laws and regulations, or that our policies and procedures will effectively prevent us from violating these regulations in every transaction in which we may engage, or provide a defense to any alleged violation. In particular, we may be held liable for the actions that our local, strategic or joint venture partners take inside or outside of the United States, even though our partners may not be subject to these laws. Such a violation, even if our policies prohibit it, could materially and adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

Since less developed countries present some of the best opportunities for us to expand our business internationally, restrictions against entering into transactions with those foreign countries, as well as with certain entities and individuals in those countries, can adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

We do not have a South African banking license and, therefore, we provide our EPE solution through an arrangement with a third-party bank, which limits our control over this business and the economic benefit we derive from it. If this arrangement were to terminate, we would not be able to operate our EPE business without alternate means of access to a banking license.

The South African retail banking market is highly regulated. Under current law and regulations, our EPE business activities require us to be registered as a bank in South Africa or to have access to an existing banking license. We are not currently so registered, but we have an agreement with Grindrod Bank that enables us to implement our EPE program in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. If the agreement were to be terminated, we would not be able to operate these services unless we were able to obtain access to a banking license through alternate means. We are also dependent on Grindrod Bank to defend us against attacks from the other South African banks who may regard our products as disruptive to their funds transfer or other businesses and may seek governmental or other regulatory intervention. Furthermore, we have to comply with the strict anti-money laundering and customer identification regulations of the SARB when we open new bank accounts for our customers and when they transact. Failure to effectively implement and monitor these regulations may result in significant fines or prosecution of Grindrod Bank and ourselves.

We have commenced issuing consumer banking products through our relationship with Finbond, in the form of our Kanako and Infinity products, with Finbond taking the place of Grindrod in respect of these products. However, it would not be readily achievable to transfer our EPE solution from Grindrod to Finbond.

In addition, the South African Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act, 2002, requires persons who act as intermediaries between financial product suppliers and consumers in South Africa to register as financial service providers. Smart Life was granted an Authorized Financial Service Provider, or FSP, license on June 9, 2015, and Moneyline Financial Services (Pty) Ltd and Net1 Mobile Solutions (Pty) Ltd were each granted FSP licenses on July 11, 2017. If our FSP licenses are cancelled, we may be stopped from continuing our financial services businesses in South Africa.

Furthermore, the proposed Conduct of Financial Institutions Bill will make significant changes to the current licensing regime. While the proposals currently indicate that existing licenses will be converted, if we are not successful in our efforts to obtain a conversion of the existing licenses, we may be stopped from continuing our financial services businesses in South Africa.

We may be subject to regulations regarding privacy, data use and/or security, which could adversely affect our business.

We are subject to regulations in a number of the countries in which we operate relating to the processing (which includes, inter alia, the collection, use, retention, security and transfer) of personal information about the people (whether natural or juristic) who use our products and services, in particular, "Know Your Customer" and personal financial information. Laws in this area, such as POPI and GDPR, have been passed by several jurisdictions, and other jurisdictions are considering imposing additional restrictions. The interpretation and application of user data protection laws are in a state of flux. These laws may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and our current data protection policies and practices may not be consistent with those interpretations and applications. Complying with these varying requirements could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business.

The Protection of Personal Information Act, or POPI, took effect on July 1, 2020, in South Africa. POPI requires that all forms of processing of personal information must, within one year after the commencement thereof, conform to the conditions of lawful processing set out in POPI. We are required to comply with the conditions contained in POPI by June 30, 2021. Contravention of POPI could result in (a) the imposition of fines by the Information Regulator; (b) imprisonment for a period of between 12 months to ten years of any person who hinders, obstructs or unlawfully influences the Information Regulator; or who is a responsible party, as defined under POPI, and commits unlawful acts; (c) and/or a damages claim instituted by the data subject(s). In addition, the Information Officer (which is an automatic position held by the chief executive officer, managing director or head of the organization) may be held criminally liable. An Information Officer is required to be registered with the Information Regulator.

The General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, took effect on May 25, 2018, in the European Union as well as the European Economic Area and introduced direct compliance obligations for data controllers and data processors. National Data Protection Agencies, or NDPAs, are now able to impose fines for violations ranging from 2% to 4% of annual worldwide turnover, or 10 million to 20 million euro, whichever is greater. NDPAs have the power to carry out audits, request information, and obtain access to premises. Businesses must be able to demonstrate that the personal data of any data subject can be lawfully processed on one of the six specified grounds.

Complying with these varying requirements could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any regulatory requirements or international privacy or consumer protection-related laws and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity and adversely affect us. In addition, as noted above, we are subject to the possibility of security breaches, which themselves may result in a violation of these laws.

Amendments to the NCA were signed into law in South Africa in August 2019. Compliance with these amendments may adversely impact our micro-lending operations in South Africa.

In August 2019, the National Credit Amendment Bill, or debt-relief bill, was signed into law in South Africa. The effective date of the debt-relief bill has not yet been announced. We believe that the debt-relief bill will restrict the ability of financial services providers to provide lending products to certain low-income earners and will increase the cost of credit to these consumers. As a result, compliance with the debt-relief bill may adversely impact our micro-lending operations in South Africa.

The debt-relief bill is a debt-relief intervention that forms part of an amendment to the NCA and is intended to assist over-indebted individuals who earn less than a prescribed monthly minimum, currently ZAR 7,500, and have unsecured debt of no more than ZAR 50,000. Individuals that have not commenced a debt counseling process, have not been sequestrated and are not subject to an administration order may seek debt relief under the debt-relief bill. Applications for debt relief are expected to be processed by the NCR and will then be submitted to the National Consumer Tribunal, or NCT.

The NCR will first assess whether an applicant can meet its debt obligations by paying a lower installment over an extended period of no more than five years, a so-called debt re-arrangement. This process is similar to the debt counseling provisions in existing legislation, except the applicant would not pay for the debt counselor and therefore does not enjoy the services of the counselor. If the applicant has no income, the NCR will recommend that the applicant's debts be suspended for 24 months in the hopes that the applicant's circumstances improve in order to service the debt over time.

During this period, interest and fees under the debt arrangement will cease and the applicant is required to attend a financial literacy program provided by the NCR. If the applicant's circumstances improve during this period, and the applicant is able to meet its debt obligations, the NCR will recommend a debt re-arrangement to the NCT. If the applicant's circumstances do not improve after 24 months, the NCR will apply to the NCT for the debt to be written off.

A credit provider may not enforce any rights under a credit agreement if the associated debt is written off. All or part of a credit agreement will be deemed reckless under the NCA if a credit provider enters into a credit agreement (other than a consolidated loan) with an applicant while under debt relief. An applicant furnishing false information when applying for debt relief may be fined or imprisoned for not longer than two years, or both, and is permanently prohibited from applying for debt relief.

We expect that it will take us, and other financial services providers, some time to fully understand, interpret and implement this new legislation in our lending processes and practices. Non-compliance with the provisions of this new legislation may result in financial loss and penalties, reputational loss or other administrative punishment.

Risks Relating to our Common Stock

We may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act.

We are an operating company whose business is focused on developing and offering payment solutions, transaction processing services and financial technologies across multiple industries and in a number of emerging and developed economies, directly and through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, as well as through strategic partnering arrangements with companies. In such circumstances, we typically acquire a minority interest in an operating company in which a strategic partner also has an interest. While the relevant strategic partner may have primary responsibility for, among other things, the day-to-day business operations of the relevant strategic partnership, we typically retain certain elements of control, such as the ability to vote for or appoint members to the board (or equivalent) of such strategic partnerships, our input into management of those partnerships, and/or major decision rights with respect to operations.

Our conduct, public filings and announcements hold us out as such an operating company and do not hold us out as being engaged in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Nevertheless, certain of our strategic partnering arrangements may be deemed to be “investment securities” within the meaning of Section 3(a)(2) of the Investment Company Act. These holdings have had and continue to have uncertain and fluctuating values which could cause us to be deemed to be an investment company within the meaning of Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act if their values are determined to exceed 40 percent of the value of our total assets (exclusive of government securities, cash and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis unless another exception or exemption applies. In addition, during the last several months, our cash balances have meaningfully increased as a proportion of our total assets as we completed the planned disposition of some our wholly-owned subsidiaries and our interest in one of our strategic partners, Also, and in light of recent economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we cancelled our option to acquire an additional interest in Bank Frick which would have resulted in us increasing our equity holding in Bank Frick from 35% to 70%. We have not yet redeployed this cash into our operating businesses.

Regardless of the value of our strategic partnering arrangements at any particular time, we believe we should be viewed as primarily engaged in a business other than investing, reinvesting, owning, holding, or trading in securities. In order to resolve our status more formally, we are in the process of filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission an application pursuant to Section 3(b)(2) of the Investment Company Act for an order declaring that we are not an investment company as defined in the Investment Company Act.
If we are deemed an investment company and not entitled to an exception or exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act, we would have to register as an investment company, modify our equity interests or otherwise change our business so that it falls outside the definition of an investment company under the Investment Company Act. If the Securities and Exchange Commission does not grant us the order, compliance with the Investment Company Act would limit our ability to continue our strategic partnering arrangements and may require us to significantly restructure our business plan, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations. Registering as an investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act could, among other things, materially limit our ability to borrow funds or engage in other transactions and otherwise would subject us to substantial and costly regulation. Failure to register, if required, would significantly impair our ability to continue to engage in our business and would have a material adverse impact on our business and operations.

Our stock price has been and may continue to be volatile.

Our stock price has experienced recent significant volatility. During the 2020 fiscal year, our stock price ranged from a low of $2.70 to a high of $4.45. We expect that the trading price of our common stock may continue to be volatile as a result of a number of factors, including, but not limited to the following:

• any adverse developments in litigation or regulatory actions in which we are involved;

• fluctuations in currency exchange rates, particularly the U.S. dollar/ZAR exchange rate;

• announcement of additional BEE transactions, especially one involving the issuance or potential issuance of equity securities or dilution or sale of our existing business in South Africa;

• quarterly variations in our operating results, especially if our operating results fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

• significant fair value adjustments in respect of investments;

• significant impairment of investments;

• announcements of acquisitions, disposals or impairments of intangible assets;

• the timing of or delays in the commencement, implementation or completion of investments or major projects;

• large purchases or sales of our common stock;

• general conditions in the markets in which we operate; and

• economic and financial conditions.

The put right we have agreed to grant to the IFC Investors on the occurrence of certain triggering events may have adverse impacts on us.

In May 2016, we issued an aggregate of 9,984,311 shares of our common stock to the IFC Investors, of which, as of June 30, 2020, the IFC Investors held 7,881,142 shares. We granted the IFC Investors certain rights, including the right to require us to repurchase any share held by the IFC Investors pursuant to the May 2016 transaction upon the occurrence of specified triggering events, which we refer to as a "put right." Events triggering the put right relate to (1) us being the subject of a governmental complaint alleging, a court judgment finding or an indictment alleging that we (a) engaged in specified corrupt, fraudulent, coercive, collusive or obstructive practices; (b) entered into transactions with targets of economic sanctions; or (c) failed to operate our business in compliance with anti-money laundering or anti-terrorism laws; or (2) our rejection of a bona fide offer to acquire all of our outstanding shares at a time when we have in place or implement a shareholder rights plan, or adopt a shareholder rights plan triggered by a beneficial ownership threshold of less than twenty percent. The put price per share will be the higher of the price per share paid to us by the IFC Investors and the volume-weighted average price per share prevailing for the 60 trading days preceding the triggering event, except that with respect to a put right triggered by rejection of a bona fide offer, the put price per share will be the highest price offered by the offeror. If a put triggering event occurs, it could adversely impact our liquidity and capital resources. In addition, the existence of the put right could also affect whether or on what terms a third party might in the future offer to purchase our company. Our response to any such offer could also be complicated, delayed or otherwise influenced by the existence of the put right.

Approximately 30% of our outstanding common stock is owned by two shareholders. The interests of these shareholders may conflict with those of our other shareholders.

There is a concentration of ownership of our outstanding common stock because approximately 30% of our outstanding common stock is owned by two shareholders. Based on their most recent SEC filings disclosing ownership of our shares, Value Capital Partners (Pty) Ltd, or VCP, and IFC Investors, beneficially own approximately 16% and 14% of our outstanding common stock, respectively.

VCP has agreed, pursuant to a Cooperation Agreement dated May 13, 2020, to refrain from acquiring more than 19.9% of our outstanding common stock or taking certain actions, including acting in concert with others, that could result in a change of control of the Company. These restrictions remain in effect through the date of our 2021 annual meeting of shareholders.

The interests of VCP and the IFC Investors may be different from or conflict with the interests of our other shareholders. As a result of the significant combined ownership by VCP and the IFC Investors, subject to the limitations applicable to VCP contained in the Cooperation Agreement, they will be able, if they act together, to significantly influence the voting outcome of all matters requiring shareholder approval. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company, thus depriving shareholders of a premium for their shares, or facilitating a change of control that other shareholders may oppose.

We may seek to raise additional financing by issuing new securities with terms or rights superior to those of our shares of common stock, which could adversely affect the market price of our shares of common stock.

We may require additional financing to fund future operations, including expansion in current and new markets, programming development and acquisition, capital costs and the costs of any necessary implementation of technological innovations or alternative technologies, or to fund acquisitions. Because of the exposure to market risks associated with economies in emerging markets, we may not be able to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all.

If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, the percentage ownership of our current shareholders will be reduced, and the holders of the new equity securities may have rights superior to those of the holders of shares of common stock, which could adversely affect the market price and voting power of shares of common stock. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt securities, the holders of these debt securities would similarly have some rights senior to those of the holders of shares of common stock, and the terms of these debt securities could impose restrictions on operations and create a significant interest expense for us.

We may have difficulty raising necessary capital to fund operations or acquisitions as a result of market price volatility for our shares of common stock.

In recent years, the securities markets in the United States have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market price of securities of many companies have experienced wide fluctuations that have not necessarily been related to the operations, performance, underlying asset values or prospects of such companies. For these reasons, our shares of common stock can also be expected to be subject to volatility resulting from purely market forces over which we will have no control. If our business development plans are successful, we may require additional financing to continue to develop and exploit existing and new technologies, to expand into new markets and to make acquisitions, all of which may be dependent upon our ability to obtain financing through debt and equity or other means.

Issuances of significant amounts of stock in the future could potentially dilute your equity ownership and adversely affect the price of our common stock.

We believe that it is necessary to maintain a sufficient number of available authorized shares of our common stock in order to provide us with the flexibility to issue shares for business purposes that may arise from time to time. For example, we could sell additional shares to raise capital to fund our operations or to acquire other businesses, issue shares in a BEE transaction, issue additional shares under our stock incentive plan or declare a stock dividend. Our board may authorize the issuance of additional shares of common stock without notice to, or further action by, our shareholders, unless shareholder approval is required by law or the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market. The issuance of additional shares could dilute the equity ownership of our current shareholders. In addition, additional shares that we issue would likely be freely tradable which could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting that, if not remediated, could result in additional material misstatements in our financial statements.

Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Sarbanes, we are required to furnish a management certification and auditor attestation regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We are required to report, among other things, control deficiencies that constitute a "material weakness" or changes in internal control that materially affect, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting. A "material weakness" is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The requirement to evaluate and report on our internal control also applies to companies that we acquire. Some of these companies may not be required to comply with Sarbanes prior to the time we acquire them. The integration of these acquired companies into our internal control over financial reporting could require significant time and resources from our management and other personnel and may increase our compliance costs. If we fail to successfully integrate the operations of these acquired companies into our internal control over financial reporting, our internal control over financial reporting may not be effective.

During fiscal 2019, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting where the control over the review of the accounting for non-routine complex transactions did not operate effectively. As a result, the control did not operate effectively in determining the correct classification in the statement of operations of the $34.0 million accrual for the implementation costs to be refunded to SASSA following the September 30, 2019 Supreme Court ruling. During the current fiscal year, we have implemented additional controls to address this matter, but have had insufficient instances of non-routine complex transactions to be able to assess whether these additional controls are operating effectively. Accordingly, the material weakness remains unremediated as of June 30, 2020.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2020, due to the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as described above.

We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date, and actions we may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent potential future material weaknesses. While we continue to dedicate resources and management time to ensuring that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, failure to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment could have a material adverse effect on the market's perception of our business and our stock price.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions based upon U.S. laws, including federal securities laws or other foreign laws, against us or certain of our directors and officers and experts.

While Net1 is incorporated in the state of Florida, United States, the company is headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa and substantially all of the company's assets are located outside the United States. In addition, the majority of Net1's directors and all its officers reside outside of the United States and the majority of our experts, including our independent registered public accountants, are based in South Africa.

As a result, even though you could effect service of legal process upon Net1, as a Florida corporation, in the United States, you may not be able to collect any judgment obtained against Net1 in the United States, including any judgment based on the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws, because substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. Moreover, it may not be possible for you to effect service of legal process upon the majority of our directors and officers or upon our experts within the United States or elsewhere outside South Africa and any judgment obtained against any of our foreign directors, officers and experts in the United States, including one based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be collectible in the United States and may not be enforced by a South African court.

South Africa is not a party to any treaties regarding the enforcement of foreign commercial judgments, as opposed to foreign arbitral awards. Accordingly, a foreign judgment is not directly enforceable in South Africa, but constitutes a cause of action which may be enforced by South African courts provided that:

• the court which pronounced the judgment had international jurisdiction and competence to entertain the case according to the principles recognized by South African law with reference to the jurisdiction of foreign courts;

• the judgment is final and conclusive (that is, it cannot be altered by the court which pronounced it);

• the judgment has not lapsed;

• the recognition and enforcement of the judgment by South African courts would not be contrary to public policy in South Africa, including observance of the rules of natural justice which require that no award is enforceable unless the defendant was duly served with documents initiating proceedings, that he was given a fair opportunity to be heard and that he enjoyed the right to be legally represented in a free and fair trial before an impartial tribunal;

• the judgment was not obtained by improper or fraudulent means;

• the judgment does not involve the enforcement of a penal or foreign revenue law or any award of multiple or punitive damages; and

• the enforcement of the judgment is not otherwise precluded by the provisions of the Protection of Business Act 99 of 1978 (as amended), of the Republic of South Africa.

It has been the policy of South African courts to award compensation for the loss or damage actually sustained by the person to whom the compensation is awarded. South African courts have awarded compensation to shareholders who have suffered damages as a result of a diminution in the value of their shares based on various actions by the corporation and its management. Although the award of punitive damages is generally unknown to the South African legal system, that does not mean that such awards are necessarily contrary to public policy.

Whether a judgment was contrary to public policy depends on the facts of each case. Exorbitant, unconscionable, or excessive awards will generally be contrary to public policy. South African courts cannot enter into the merits of a foreign judgment and cannot act as a court of appeal or review over the foreign court. Further, if a foreign judgment is enforced by a South African court, it will be payable in South African currency. Also, under South Africa's exchange control laws, the approval of SARB is required before a defendant resident in South Africa may pay money to a non-resident plaintiff in satisfaction of a foreign judgment enforced by a court in South Africa.

It is doubtful whether an original action based on United States federal securities laws may be brought before South African courts. A plaintiff who is not resident in South Africa may be required to provide security for costs in the event of proceedings being initiated in South Africa. Furthermore, the Rules of the High Court of South Africa require that documents executed outside South Africa must be authenticated for the purpose of use in South African courts. In reaching the foregoing conclusions in respect of South Africa, we consulted with our South African legal counsel, Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr Inc.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

We lease our corporate headquarters facility which consists of approximately 93,000 square feet in Johannesburg, South Africa. We also lease properties throughout South Africa, including a 12,088 square foot manufacturing facility in Lazer Park, Johannesburg, 243 financial services branches, 78 financial service express stores and 48 satellite branches. We also lease additional office space in Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa; London, United Kingdom; Hong Kong; Mumbai, India; Zhuhai, China; Birkirkara, Malta and Black River, Mauritius. These leases expire at various dates through 2027, assuming the exercise of options to extend. We believe that we have adequate facilities for our current business operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

CPS placed into business rescue and SASSA application to place CPS into liquidation

On February 5, 2020, the Constitutional Court denied CPS' leave to appeal lower court judgments ordering CPS to repay additional implementation costs that SASSA paid to CPS in 2014, thereby exhausting all legal recourse for CPS in the matter and rendering CPS insolvent. CPS' board of directors has adopted a resolution to put CPS into business rescue under South African law and has filed the required resolution with the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission. On May 18, 2020, the resolution was officially registered and business rescue practitioners were appointed. The business rescue process can lead to either a compromise with creditors and a continuation of CPS' business or the liquidation of CPS. We are unable to predict the outcome of the business rescue process.

On June 18, 2020, SASSA launched an urgent application with the High Court to place CPS into liquidation and declare the business rescue process invalid. On July 7, 2020, the business rescue practitioners, on behalf of CPS, responded to this application correcting a number of inaccuracies contained therein. The matter is scheduled to be heard on October 16, 2020. The High Court will need to rule on both the urgency of the matter as well as the merits of the application. The decision on whether to continue to oppose the action or abide by the application rests with the business rescue practitioners. We are unable to predict the outcome of this litigation or the implications for Net1 given that it no longer controls CPS.

Freedom Under Law application to the Constitutional Court

On April 9, 2020, Freedom Under Law, a South African NGO, filed an application with the Constitutional Court for various orders related to the original AllPay rulings invalidating the 2012 award of the SASSA grants distribution contract to CPS. While the majority of the orders requested apply to other parties, Freedom Under Law has also applied for an order requiring CPS to pay back any profits earned under the SASSA contract. The business rescue practitioners, on behalf of CPS, have filed heads of argument in this matter but we cannot predict when or how the Constitutional Court will rule on this matter or the implications for Net1 given it no longer controls CPS.

Initiation of proceedings to receive payment of fees due to CPS for the last six months of the SASSA contract

Following the March 23, 2018, Constitutional Court order for a six-month extension of our contract with SASSA for payment of grants in cash at pay points only, CPS was allowed to charge a monthly fee based on the previously contracted rate of ZAR 16.44 (including VAT) per cash pay point recipient. Given that CPS only serviced the highest-cost beneficiaries, the Constitutional Court allowed CPS to approach the National Treasury in order for them to make a fair determination of the price CPS should be paid for services rendered. National Treasury recommended a rate of ZAR 51.00 (including VAT) per cash pay point recipient per month to the Constitutional Court. Contrary to SASSA's stance, the Constitutional Court on December 5, 2018, ruled that it is not required to ratify the Treasury-recommended rate, and that CPS and SASSA must agree on the pricing. On June 5, 2019, CPS filed summons in the High Court seeking to receive an amount in accordance with the National Treasury's recommendation. On February 20, 2020, SASSA filed a response to CPS' summons. We cannot predict how the court will rule on this matter, which is now being controlled by the CPS business rescue practitioners.

NCR application for the cancelation of Moneyline's registration as a credit provider

In September 2014, the NCR applied to the South African National Consumer Tribunal, or Tribunal, to cancel the registration of our subsidiary, Moneyline, for breach of the NCA based on an investigation concluded by it. We raised a number of procedural points in defense and argument on these points was heard on November 27, 2015, before three tribunal members. Two ruled against us and one upheld our points. We are appealing the majority ruling to the High Court. This matter was heard on December 4, 2018, by a full bench of the Pretoria High Court. We still await judgment. If we are successful, it will dispose of the application. If we do not prevail, then the NCR's application will be set down before the Consumer Tribunal for argument on the main issues raised by the NCR, as dealt with above. We cannot predict the outcome of this litigation.

Initiation of legal proceedings against a PG Purchasing customer regarding non-payment of working capital finance loans receivable

In January 2019, we filed a Petition with the District Court of Dallas County, Texas ("Texas district court lawsuit"), naming Permian Crude Transport, LP, f/k/a Permian Crude Transport, LLC, d/b/a Permian Transport & Trading ("PCT"), and Centurion Marketing, LLC d/b/a Jupiter Marketing & Trading, LLC ("Centurion" and collectively with PCT, "PCT/Centurion") as defendants regarding the recovery of working capital finance loans receivable made to PCT/Centurion by our wholly owned subsidiary, PG Purchasing. This lawsuit was in its initial stages and trial was set for December 2, 2019. However, the Texas district court lawsuit was administratively closed following PCT's filing for bankruptcy in June 2019 and Centurion's filing for bankruptcy in July 2019 ("PCT/Centurion bankruptcy matters"). The Texas district court lawsuit may be re-opened if the PCT/Centurion bankruptcy matters are lifted.

We cannot predict if the Texas district court lawsuit will be re-opened, and if it is re-opened, the outcome of the matter. Also, we cannot predict the outcome of the PCT/Centurion bankruptcy matters.

Termination of December 5, 2019, securities class action complaint

On December 5, 2019, a putative securities class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, or the Court, against us and Herman G. Kotzé, our chief executive officer and Alex M.R. Smith, our chief financial officer. The complaint sought damages based on alleged material misrepresentations and omissions concerning our internal control over financial reporting, classification of an investment in Cell C Proprietary Limited, and our consolidated financial statements for fiscal 2018. The complaint asserted claims for violations of Sections 10(b) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5, and Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. The proposed class period was September 12, 2018, through November 8, 2018, inclusive. On March 25, 2020, the Court appointed the lead plaintiff and approved his selection of lead counsel. Their motions had been unopposed. Thereafter, we negotiated a schedule for the filing of an amended complaint and our response thereto with the plaintiff. On June 3, 2020, we and the lead plaintiff filed a stipulation and proposed order of dismissal whereby the lawsuit would be dismissed as against all defendants with prejudice on behalf of the lead plaintiff, and without prejudice with respect to any unnamed plaintiffs or other class members. On June 4, 2020, the Court so ordered the stipulation and proposed order of dismissal. The action is thus terminated.

There are no other material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to our business, to which we are a party or of which any of our property is the subject.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market information

Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market, or Nasdaq, in the United States under the symbol "UEPS" and on the JSE in South Africa under the symbol "NT1." The Nasdaq is our principal market for the trading of our common stock.

Our transfer agent in the United States is Computershare Shareowner Services LLC, 480 Washington Blvd, Jersey City, New Jersey, 07310. According to the records of our transfer agent, as of September 3, 2020, there were 11 shareholders of record of our common stock. We believe that a substantially greater number of beneficial owners of our common stock hold their shares though banks, brokers, and other financial institutions (i.e. "street name"). Our transfer agent in South Africa is Link Market Services South Africa (Pty) Ltd, 13th Floor, Rennie House, 19 Ameshoff Street, Braamfontein, 2001, South Africa.

Dividends

We have not paid any dividends on our shares of common stock during our last two fiscal years and presently intend to retain future earnings to finance the expansion of the business. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The future dividend policy will depend on our earnings, capital requirements, debt commitments, expansion plans, financial condition and other relevant factors.

Issuer purchases of equity securities

On February 5, 2020, our board of directors approved the replenishment of our existing share repurchase authorization to repurchase up to an aggregate of $100 million of common stock. The authorization has no expiration date. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during fiscal 2020.

Share performance graph

The chart below compares the five-year cumulative return, assuming the reinvestment of dividends, where applicable, on our common stock with that of the S&P 500 Index and the NASDAQ Industrial Index. This graph assumes $100 was invested on June 30, 2015, in each of our common stock, the companies in the S&P 500 Index, and the companies in the NASDAQ Industrial Index.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected historical consolidated financial data should be read together with Item 7-"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Item 8-"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." The following selected historical financial data as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and for the three years ended June 30, 2020, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below as of June 30, 2018, 2017 and 2016 and for the years ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, have been derived from our consolidated financial statements, which are not included herein, and have been restated as noted below, which restatement is unaudited. The selected historical consolidated financial data has been adjusted to reflect our discontinued operations, refer to Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected historical financial data as of each date and for each period presented have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.

As discussed in Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8-"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data," our historical consolidated financial statements have been corrected to give effect to the restatements. Accordingly, certain of the selected consolidated financial data presented in the table below has been corrected to give effect to the restatements as indicated.

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data

(in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Year ended June 30 |
|  | 2020(1) |  |  | 2019(R)(2) |  |  | 2018(R) |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  |  |  |  | (as restated) |  |  | (as restated) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue(3) | $ | 150,997 |  |  | 166,227 |  | $ | 459,575 |  | $ | 456,663 |  | $ | 432,140 |
Cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support |  | 109,006 |  |  | 129,696 |  |  | 243,554 |  |  | 236,179 |  |  | 232,344 |
Selling, general and administration(3) (4) |  | 75,256 |  |  | 144,920 |  |  | 130,822 |  |  | 124,086 |  |  | 90,674 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 4,647 |  |  | 12,103 |  |  | 10,473 |  |  | 12,679 |  |  | 9,681 |
Impairment loss |  | 6,336 |  |  | 14,440 |  |  | 20,917 |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Operating (loss) income |  | (44,248 | ) |  | (134,932 | ) |  | 53,809 |  |  | 83,719 |  |  | 99,441 |
Change in fair value of equity securities |  | - |  |  | (167,459 | ) |  | 32,473 |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Termination fee paid to cancel Bank Frick option |  | 17,517 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Interest income |  | 2,805 |  |  | 5,424 |  |  | 16,845 |  |  | 20,014 |  |  | 14,699 |
Interest expense |  | 7,641 |  |  | 9,860 |  |  | 8,569 |  |  | 2,174 |  |  | 646 |
Impairment of Cedar Cellular note |  | - |  |  | 12,793 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
(Loss) Income before taxes |  | (65,016 | ) |  | (319,443 | ) |  | 94,558 |  |  | 101,559 |  |  | 113,494 |
Income tax expense |  | 2,656 |  |  | (5,072 | ) |  | 45,106 |  |  | 38,175 |  |  | 39,135 |
(Loss) income from equity accounted investments(5) |  | (29,542 | ) |  | 1,258 |  |  | 1,810 |  |  | 2,814 |  |  | 322 |
Net (loss) income from continuing operations |  | (97,214 | ) |  | (313,113 | ) |  | 51,262 |  |  | 66,198 |  |  | 74,681 |
Gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operation, net of tax |  | 12,454 |  |  | (9,175 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Net (loss) income attributable to Net1 - continuing operations |  | (97,214 | ) |  | (311,761 | ) |  | 52,142 |  |  | 64,504 |  |  | 72,339 |
(Loss) Income from continuing operations per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (1.70 | ) | $ | (5.49 | ) | $ | 0.92 |  | $ | 1.18 |  | $ | 1.51 |
Diluted | $ | (1.70 | ) | $ | (5.49 | ) | $ | 0.92 |  | $ | 1.17 |  | $ | 1.50 |

(R) Income tax expense, net income attributable to Net1 and Income from continuing operations per share: Basic and Diluted for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements.

(1) Includes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions, which directly impacted elements of the business from March 27, 2020 to June 1, 2020.

(2) Impacted by expiration of SASSA contract in September 2018.

(3) Revenue for the year ended June 30, 2019, includes revenue that has been reversed of $19.7 million (ZAR 277.6 million) as a result of the Supreme Court ruling discussed in Note 14 to our audited consolidated financial statements, and selling, general and administration includes $14.3 million (ZAR 201.8 million) of expenses related to the Supreme Court ruling.

(4) Includes an allowance for doubtful financial loans receivable of $28.8 million in 2019 and a separation payment of $8.0 million paid to our former chief executive officer in 2017.

(5) Includes impairments of $33.8 million in 2020 as discussed in Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Additional Operating Data:

(in thousands, except percentages)

|  | Year ended June 30, |
|  | 2020(1) |  |  | 2019(1) |  |  | 2018(1) |  |  | 2017(1) |  |  | 2016(1) |
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities | $ | (46,045 | ) | $ | (4,460 | ) | $ | 132,305 |  | $ | 97,161 |  | $ | 116,552 |
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities |  | 223,117 |  |  | 64,476 |  |  | 180,748 |  |  | (114,071 | ) |  | 5,756 |
Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities | $ | (48,838 | ) | $ | (24,714 | ) | $ | (473,479 | ) | $ | 40,469 |  | $ | 13,645 |
Operating (loss) income margin(2) |  | (29.3%) |  |  | (81.2%) |  |  | 11.7% |  |  | 15.9% |  |  | 19.4% |

(1) Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities include movements in settlement assets and cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities include movement in settlement liabilities.

(2) Fiscal 2020 operating loss margin was (16.0%) before impairment losses (refer to Note 11 of our audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 impairment losses). Fiscal 2019 operating loss margin was (48.2%) before retrenchment costs, the impact of the SASSA implementation costs accrual (refer to Note 14 of our audited consolidated financial statements), and impairment losses. Fiscal 2018 operating income margin was 18.0% before the impairment loss and an allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable. Fiscal 2017 operating income margin was 18.0% before the separation payment of $8.0 million paid to our former chief executive officer.

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

(in thousands)

|  | Year ended June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
|  |  |  |  | (as restated) |  |  | (as restated) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 232,485 |  | $ | 95,460 |  | $ | 57,607 |  | $ | 210,396 |  | $ | 206,702 |
Total current assets before settlement assets |  | 311,292 |  |  | 153,285 |  |  | 169,619 |  |  | 369,241 |  |  | 316,149 |
Equity-accounted investments(R) |  | 65,836 |  |  | 148,427 |  |  | 83,234 |  |  | 25,935 |  |  | 23,794 |
Goodwill |  | 24,169 |  |  | 37,316 |  |  | 52,799 |  |  | 75,598 |  |  | 67,058 |
Intangible assets |  | 612 |  |  | 2,228 |  |  | 9,405 |  |  | 13,666 |  |  | 15,859 |
Total assets(R) |  | 453,678 |  |  | 670,247 |  |  | 1,214,532 |  |  | 1,448,829 |  |  | 1,261,649 |
Total current liabilities before settlement obligations |  | 63,288 |  |  | 155,808 |  |  | 94,090 |  |  | 54,957 |  |  | 37,486 |
Total long-term debt |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 5,469 |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Total equity(R) | $ | 290,213 |  | $ | 317,342 |  | $ | 638,827 |  | $ | 596,074 |  | $ | 491,611 |

(R) Equity-accounted investments, total assets and total equity as of June 30, 2019, have been restated to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2018, restated as follows: equity-accounted investments and total assets decreased by $2.0 million; and total equity decreased by $1.4 million.

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Item 6-"Selected Financial Data" and Item 8-"Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. See Item 1A- "Risk Factors" and "Forward Looking Statements."

Overview

We are a provider of financial technology, or fintech, products and services to unbanked and underbanked individuals and small businesses in South Africa and other emerging economies. We have developed and own most of our payment technologies, and where possible, we utilize this technology to provide financial and value-added services to our customers by including them into the formal financial system.

Sources of Revenue

We generate our revenues by charging transaction fees to merchants, financial service providers, utility providers, bill issuers and cardholders; by providing loans and insurance products and by selling hardware, licensing software and providing related technology services.

We have structured our business and our business development efforts around several related but separate approaches to deploying our technology. In our most basic approach, we act as a supplier, selling our equipment, software, and related technology to a customer. The revenue and costs associated with this approach are reflected in our Financial inclusion and applied technologies segment.

We have found that we have greater revenue and profit opportunities, however, by acting as a service provider instead of a supplier. In this approach we own and operate the technology and apply it in a system ourselves, charging one-time and ongoing fees for the use of the system either on a fixed or ad valorem basis. This is the case in South Africa, where we provide bank accounts on a monthly fee basis, and charge fees on an ad valorem basis for goods and services purchased. Usage of our bank accounts also provides our customers with access to short-term loans and life insurance products. The revenue and costs associated with this approach are reflected in our South African transaction processing and Financial inclusion and applied technologies segments.

In South Africa, we also generate fees from debit and credit card transaction processing, the provision of value-added services such as bill payments, mobile top-up and prepaid utility sales, and from providing a payroll transaction management service (up until the disposal of this business in December 2019). The revenue and costs associated with these services are reflected in our South African transaction processing and Financial inclusion and applied technologies segments.

Through IPG we generate fee revenue through the provision of payment service provider and card issuing and acquiring services in primarily Europe, China and the U.S. The revenue and costs of IPG are reflected in our International transaction processing segment.

Finally, we have investments, business partnerships or joint ventures to provide us with an opportunity to introduce our financial technology solutions to markets such as Bank Frick in Europe, Finbond in South Africa and North America, Carbon in Nigeria, V2 in sub-Sahara Africa, and MobiKwik in India. In these situations, we took an equity position in the business while also acting as a supplier of technology. In these relationships, we participate closely in the development of the business and remain actively engaged in the management of the new business.

We believe that this flexible approach enables us to drive adoption of our solutions while capturing the value created by the implementation of our technology.

Developments during Fiscal 2020

Impact of COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Our operations were impacted by government-imposed restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, on March 27, 2020, the South African government imposed certain emergency measures to combat the spread of COVID-19, including implementation of travel bans and closures of factories, schools, public buildings, and businesses. Our businesses outside South Africa have also been affected and these operations and their employees are also complying with similar restrictions.

Business and operations

The restrictions limited movement of our customers and employees and governed the access that we and our customers and business partners have to our corporate head office and operating branches and offices. A number of our South African businesses were classified as essential services and therefore we were able to operate these businesses, including our EasyPay payment processing and value-added services operations, the operation of bank accounts and our national ATM network.

However, we were required to suspend our South African lending and other financial services activities to the extent that they operate through branches, and therefore we were prohibited from marketing and selling loans and other financial products on a face-to-face basis from the end of March 2020 to the end of May 2020. During April 2020, we developed a system to grant loans to repeat customers using mobile phone-based USSD strings, and this was launched through targeted SMS marketing in early May 2020. Collections of amounts due from existing loans have been largely unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic and government-imposed restrictions. We continue to monitor the recoverability of our lending book and have considered the impact of COVID-19 on the collectability of the outstanding balance as of June 30, 2020, and determined that an increase in the allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic was not required. We have made this determination because we currently do not expect the pandemic to significantly impact our customer base's ability to repay amounts due over the next five months, which is the remaining term on the loans.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, (i.e. prior to lockdown), we experienced gross loan originations of approximately ZAR 80 to ZAR 110 million per month. As expected, our lending book unwound during April and May 2020 as we were unable to originate new business and our revenue from lending activities decreased in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. However, our lending book has recovered since restrictions were eased and loan originations exceeded R190 million in June 2020, and the loan book has continued to grow through August 2020. As expected, we experienced significant demand for these products once the operating restrictions were lifted, and continue to closely monitor credit criteria in-line with our business processes and practices.

There was also a prohibition in place against charging certain banking-related fees to our South African customers during the lockdown period from March 27, 2020, to May 31, 2020. We had to forgo cash withdrawal fees of approximately ZAR 35.2 million during that period. We did continue to earn interchange fees in respect of cash withdrawals from our ATMs performed by the customers of other issuers during that period. Normal fee charges have been applied to all customers since June 1, 2020.

Our South African insurance business has not yet experienced a significant increase in benefit claims, however, its ability to write new policies was impacted by the temporary closure of our financial services branches and the mandatory requirement for our employees to remain at home. As for our loan business, these restrictions were removed from June 1, 2020 and the business has been actively writing new business since that date at similar levels to those experienced before the crisis.

IPG was adversely impacted by the pandemic as its business development activities have been negatively affected by travel restrictions and it has been unable to commence direct marketing and the launching of new products and services. Furthermore, the processing volumes on the merchants it does service were affected during April and May by the retail operation restrictions in many countries. Since June, these volumes have steadily recovered.

We have incurred expenses of approximately ZAR 2.8 million directly related to responding to the pandemic's impact on our business during the last half of fiscal 2020. This expenditure related to the acquisition of thermometers to record and monitor our employee's and customer's temperatures as mandated by certain South African regulations in order to identify and contain COVID-19 infections, as well as sanitizers, masks and gloves for our employees and for the use of customers in our branches. Since June 30, 2020, we have incurred direct expenditure of approximately ZAR 0.2 million related to the purchase of sanitizers, masks and gloves for our employees and for the use of customers in our branches.

We were able to claim some government support in respect of those operations that were closed during the period from March 27, 2020 to May 31, 2020 in the form of the South African government's Unemployment Insurance Fund, or UIF, Temporary Employer/ Employee Relief Scheme, or TERS, benefit. This subsidised around 20% of the salary cost of affected employees and we received ZAR 20.0 million in support in this respect during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020.

Since the easing of restrictions on June 1, 2020 our ability to operate our business has significantly increased, though it remains affected by the continued restrictions on the wider economy and the ability and willingness of people to move around South Africa freely.

Employees

We closed a number of our offices and operating locations in order to comply with government regulations and for the general well-being of our employees following the outbreak of the pandemic. Where possible, we have provided the necessary facilities (computer equipment, data cards, etc.) for our employees to operate remotely and continue to encourage them to do so where this is practical and effective. We have provided the necessary protective equipment and sanitization facilities for those employees that continued to operate within our offices and operating locations and who have returned since the loosening of some of the restrictions.

Cash resources and liquidity

We believe we have sufficient cash reserves to support us through the next twelve months following the disposal of Net1 Korea and DNI (refer to Note 3 and Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements). Together with our existing cash reserves, we also believe that our credit facilities are sufficient to fund our ATM network.

We do not believe there will be any further significant adverse effects on our liquidity from the pandemic, unless there is a resumption of the higher level of restrictions in South Africa in the event of an increase in the level of infections.

We believe that our South African insurance business is adequately capitalized and do not expect to have to provide additional funding to the business in the foreseeable future.

Financial position and impairments

Except for the impact on Finbond's business, we do not believe that the pandemic has significantly impacted the carrying value of long-lived assets and equity method investments to date. Finbond provided a public trading update in late June 2020, in which it noted the hardships experienced following the outbreak of the pandemic and the expected negative impact on its business, though this impact did not affect the carrying value at the balance sheet date. We recorded non-COVID-19-related impairments in respect of certain of our equity-method investments - refer to Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements and "-Critical Accounting Policies" below.

Control environment

We do not expect the pandemic to have a significant impact on our internal control environment.

While we have not incurred significant disruptions thus far from the COVID-19 outbreak, we are unable to accurately predict the impact that COVID-19 will have due to numerous uncertainties, including the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, the impact on our customers and other factors identified in Part I, Item 1A. "Risk Factors- The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our business. We are unable to ascertain the impact the pandemic will have on our future financial position, operations, cash flows and stock price". We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business, consolidated results of operations, and financial condition.

Financial Inclusion Activities in South Africa

Having taken dramatic steps to reduce costs in our South African operations in fiscal 2019, our focus in fiscal 2020 was, and continues to be, to transition our South African financial inclusion activities towards a business-to-consumer, or B2C, model. We have developed new banking products in cooperation with Finbond and stabilized our financial services offerings, while continuing to make our distribution and infrastructure more efficient. Our ability to expand our account base and financial services offerings was constrained by the unavailability of sufficient liquidity through March 2020. Following the asset disposals during the fiscal year, we intended to commence with the marketing of new account, payment and loan products in South Africa by injecting adequate liquidity to support such growth over the following twelve months. However, with South Africa going into a lockdown period as a result of COVID-19, our ability to commence with these activities was delayed further since our targeted customers typically require face-to-face interactions.

As a result of the lockdown restrictions, we have only been able to start focusing on expanding our account base and financial services offerings since June 1, 2020 and these activities have still been constrained by the circumstances surrounding the pandemic. As restrictions have eased further and consumers have slowly increased their activity levels, we have started to look at ways to increase our customer base in these unusual circumstances, and believe that there is strong demand for reasonably priced products and services in the market.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, we launched new loan products in collaboration with Finbond utilizing their balance sheet. These loans are to the higher LSM customers and therefore the first of our efforts to move up to a higher-income customer segment. This initiative was also affected by the lockdown regulations. We continue to work with Grindrod Bank on our ATM and other acquiring initiatives.

International Activities

IPG - Following our strategic review process, our board has decided to focus on what it believes are compelling opportunities in South Africa and while we believe there remains a business case for IPG, we plan to dedicate all our focus and capital to the South African market. As a result, we will look to either dispose of the IPG operations or close them down in a structured and responsible manner. During fiscal 2020, IPG had made progress towards the launch of a new brand and suite of products targeted at European markets, but revenue generation did not improve, and it continued to incur losses as it ramped up its operations for launch.

Bank Frick - Following Net1's cancellation of its option to acquire a controlling interest in Bank Frick, the bank remains focused on serving financial intermediaries and further expanding its blockchain banking activities. It also remains the only bank in Liechtenstein to hold acquiring licenses from both Visa and MasterCard. During its fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, Bank Frick for the first time reported commission and service revenue that exceeded interest income. Assets under management for the year ended December 31, 2019 were CHF 2.7 billion, an increase of 3% year-over-year. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, Bank Frick had expected net income in the year ended December 31, 2020 to increase over 40% compared to 2019. However, its ability to meet this target will depend on the extent of the continuing impact of COVID-19 on its operating environment. Its performance for the six months to June 30, 2020 was behind budget, but broadly in line with the previous year.

Carbon - Prior to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and its resulting impact in Nigeria, Carbon had continued to report exponential sequential growth across all the key indicators of its business. It reacted quickly to the changing circumstances, tightening lending criteria and communicating regularly with its customers, which has resulted in lower revenue but higher quality advances. However, they have increased provisioning levels in the last quarter, which has depressed their results in the short term. It has successfully raised local funding and was able to settle most of its U.S. dollar-denominated lending prior to the crisis. We believe it is well positioned to recommence its growth once conditions stabilize and it is looking to transform from a digital lender to a digital bank over the next few years.

India - Following MobiKwik's approval to become an issuer, we have made further progress on the relaunch of our virtual card project with them as the issuer, and anticipate that we will be in a position to start issuing cards in fiscal 2021. MobiKwik itself continued to perform ahead of expectations up until the start of the pandemic but has seen a reduction in revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2020. This has resulted in cash EBITDA losses of less than $1.0 million for MobiKwik during that period, but we believe that there should be a quick recovery as conditions normalize. In particular, there have been a number of developments during the pandemic that we believe should be very positive for MobiKwik's longer-term growth prospects.

Progress on corporate activities

We have executed a number of corporate actions in accordance with our strategic review over the past year:

Sale of KSNET in Korea - On March 9, 2020, we sold 100% of KSNET for approximately $237 million. Refer to Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this transaction. Our Korean operation has been reported as a discontinued operation.

Disposal of DNI - On April 1, 2020, we sold our remaining interest in DNI for approximately $48.0 million. Refer to Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding this transaction.

Cell C - We continued to carry the value of our Cell C investment at $0 (zero) as of June 30, 2020. Cell C is focused on its recapitalization and its operational reorganization given its revised commercial model. While it remains in default on its various lending arrangements, Cell C and its lenders are working constructively towards a recapitalization intended to ensure its long-term sustainability and allow Cell C to focus on its core business. Good progress has been made over the last quarter assisted, by an improved operating performance.

SASSA Contract Expiration

Although we have not been involved operationally with SASSA since September 30, 2018, we have been actively trying to resolve all legal and legacy outstanding items to allow us to focus on our core business. On February 5, 2020, the Constitutional Court of South Africa denied CPS' leave to appeal lower court judgments ordering CPS to repay additional implementation costs that SASSA paid to CPS in 2014, thereby exhausting all legal recourse for CPS in the matter. As a result, we have placed CPS into business rescue. The business rescue process can lead to either a compromise with creditors and a continuation of CPS' business or the liquidation of CPS. We have deconsolidated CPS because we no longer exercise control over CPS or the business rescue process as we have ceded control of CPS to the business rescue practitioners on the commencement of the business rescue process. Refer also Part I, Item 3.-" Legal Proceedings" for additional information.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty, the determination of estimates requires management's judgment based on a variety of assumptions and other determinants such as historical experience, current and expected market conditions and certain scientific evaluation techniques. Management believes that the following accounting policies are critical due to the degree of estimation required and the impact of these policies on the understanding of the results of our operations and financial condition.

Valuation of investment in Cell C

We have elected to measure our investment in Cell C, an unlisted equity security, at fair value using the fair value option. Changes in the fair value of this equity security are recognized in the caption "change in fair value of equity securities" in our audited consolidated statements of operations. The tax impact related to the change in fair value of equity securities is included in income tax expense in our audited consolidated statements of operation. The determination of the fair value of this equity security requires us to make significant judgments and estimates. We base our estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Refer to Note 7 of our audited consolidated financial statements regarding the valuation inputs and sensitivity related to our investment in Cell C.

We used a discounted cash flow model to determine the fair value of our investment in Cell C as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and valued Cell C at $0.0 (zero) as of each of June 30, 2020 and 2019. We utilized the latest approved business plan provided by Cell C management for the period ending December 31, 2024, and the following key valuation inputs were used:

Weighted Average Cost of Capital: | Between 15% and 21% over the period of the forecast
Long term growth rate: | 3% (4.5% as of June 30, 2019)
Marketability discount: | 10%
Minority discount: | 15%
Net adjusted external debt - June 30, 2020:(1) | ZAR 15.8 billion ($0.9 billion), includes R4.4 billion of lease liabilities
Net adjusted external debt - June 30, 2019:(2) | ZAR 13.9 billion ($1 billion), includes R6.4 billion of lease liabilities
Deferred tax (incl. assessed tax losses) - June 30, 2020:(1) | ZAR 2.9 billion ($167.3 million)
Deferred tax (incl. assessed tax losses) - June 30, 2019:(2) | ZAR 2.9 billion ($205.9 million)

(1) translated from ZAR to U.S. dollars at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020.

(2) translated from ZAR to U.S. dollars at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2019.

We believe the Cell C business plan is reasonable based on the current performance and the expected changes in the business model.

Recoverability of equity-accounted investments and other equity securities

We review our equity-accounted investments and other equity securities for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. In performing this review, we are required to estimate the fair value of our equity-accounted investments and other equity securities. The determination of the fair value of these investments requires us to make significant judgments and estimates.

For fiscal 2020, in determining the fair value of certain of our equity-accounted investments, we have considered (i) for DNI specifically, the fair value of consideration received on April 1, 2020, adjusted for the accumulated foreign currency translation reserve, (ii) dividend discount models based on projected cash flows, adjusted for identified risks, (iii) various multiples applicable to peer and industry comparables of certain of our equity-accounted investments, and (iv) the net asset value of the equity-accounted investment being assessed as a proxy of fair value because reasonable cash flow forecasts are not available. We base our estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain.

For instance, we performed an impairment assessment as of March 31, 2020, for certain of our equity-accounted investments following the identification of certain impairment indicators. The results of our impairment tests as of March 31, 2020, resulted in impairments of $27.8 million related to our equity-accounted investments, as discussed in Note 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements. Total impairments for fiscal 2020 was $33.8 million. We did not identify any impairment indicators during each of fiscal 2019 and 2018 and therefore did not recognize any impairment losses related to our equity-accounted investments during those years.

Other equity securities include our investments in MobiKwik and CPS. These equity securities do not have readily determinable fair values and therefore we have elected to measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

If we identify an impairment indicator related to these equity securities, we are required to assess the carrying value of these equity securities against their fair value. The determination of the fair value of the investment would require us to make significant judgments and estimates. We would be required to base our estimates on assumptions we would believe to be reasonable but these assumptions may be unpredictable and inherently uncertain. We did not identify any impairment indicators during each of fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 and therefore did not recognize any impairment losses related to these equity securities during those years.

Business Combinations and the Recoverability of Goodwill

A component of our growth strategy has been to acquire and integrate businesses that complement our existing operations. The purchase price of an acquired business is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair value at the date of purchase. The difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. In determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, we use various recognized valuation methods, including present value modeling. Further, we make assumptions using certain valuation techniques, including discount rates and timing of future cash flows.

We review the carrying value of goodwill annually or more frequently if circumstances indicating impairment have occurred. In performing this review, we are required to estimate the fair value of goodwill that is implied from a valuation of the reporting unit to which the goodwill has been allocated after deducting the fair values of all the identifiable assets and liabilities that form part of the reporting unit.

The determination of the fair value of a reporting unit requires us to make significant judgments and estimates. In determining the fair value of reporting units for fiscal 2020, we considered country and entity-specific growth rates, future expected cash flows to be used in our discounted cash flow model, and the weighted-average cost of capital applicable to peer and industry comparables of the reporting units. We base our estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. In addition, we make judgments and assumptions in allocating assets and liabilities to each of our reporting units.

In determining the fair value of reporting units in our previous fiscal years, we considered the EBITDA and the EBITDA multiples applicable to peer and industry comparables of the reporting units. We based our estimates on assumptions we believed to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. In addition, we made judgments and assumptions in allocating assets and liabilities to each of our reporting units.

The results of our impairment tests during fiscal 2020 indicated that the fair value of our reporting units exceeded their carrying values, with the exception of the $5.6 million of goodwill impaired during fiscal 2020, as discussed in Note 11 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

Intangible Assets Acquired Through Acquisitions

The fair values of the identifiable intangible assets acquired through acquisitions were determined by management using the purchase method of accounting. We completed acquisitions during fiscal 2018 where we identified and recognized intangible assets. We have used the relief from royalty method, the multi-period excess earnings method, the income approach and the cost approach to value acquisition-related intangible assets. In so doing, we made assumptions regarding expected future revenues and expenses to develop the underlying forecasts, applied contributory asset charges, discount rates, exchange rates, cash tax charges and useful lives.

The valuations were based on information available at the time of the acquisition and the expectations and assumptions that were deemed reasonable by us. No assurance can be given, however, that the underlying assumptions or events associated with such assets will occur as projected. For these reasons, among others, the actual cash flows may vary from forecasts of future cash flows. To the extent actual cash flows vary, revisions to the useful life or impairment of intangible assets may be necessary. For instance, in fiscal 2019, we recorded an impairment loss of $5.3 million related to intangible assets acquired (customer relationships) in the DNI acquisition as a result of Cell C entering into a roaming arrangement with another South African mobile telecommunications network provider which extended Cell C's network coverage. This arrangement impacted the identified customer relationship recognized.

Deferred Taxation

We estimate our tax liability through the calculations done for the determination of our current tax liability, together with assessing temporary differences resulting from the different treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities which are disclosed on our balance sheet.

Management then has to assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the foreseeable future. A valuation allowance is created if it is determined that a deferred tax asset will not be realized in the foreseeable future. Any change to the valuation allowance would be charged or credited to income in the period such determination is made. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, historical levels of income, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and practicable tax planning strategies are considered.

During fiscal 2020, fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively, we recorded a net increase of $13.4 million, $78.2 million and $9.6 million to our valuation allowance. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets was $106.4 million and $125.9 million, respectively.

Stock-based Compensation

Management is required to make estimates and assumptions related to our valuation and recording of stock-based compensation charges under current accounting standards. These standards require all share-based compensation to employees to be recognized in the statement of operations based on their respective grant date fair values over the requisite service periods and also requires an estimation of forfeitures when calculating compensation expense.

We utilize the Cox Ross Rubinstein binomial model to measure the fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors. We have also utilized a bespoke adjusted Monte Carlo simulation discounted cash flow model to measure the fair value of restricted stock with market conditions granted to employees and directors. The stock-based compensation cost related to these valuations has been recognized on a straight-line basis. These valuation models require estimates of a number of key valuation inputs including expected volatility, expected dividend yield, expected term and risk-free interest rate. Our management has estimated forfeitures based on historic employee behavior under similar compensation plans. The fair value of stock options is affected by the assumptions selected. Net stock-based compensation expense from continuing operations was $1.7 million, $0.4 million and $2.6 million for fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts receivable related to our Financial inclusion and applied technologies and International transaction-based activities segments with respect to sales or rental of hardware, support and maintenance services provided; or sale of licenses to customers; or the provision of transaction processing services to our customers; or our working capital financing provided.

Our policy is to regularly review the aging of outstanding amounts due from customers and adjust the provision based on management's estimate of the recoverability of the amounts outstanding.

Management considers factors including period outstanding, creditworthiness of the customers, past payment history and the results of discussions by our credit department with the customer. We consider this policy to be appropriate taking into account factors such as historical bad debts, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment patterns. Additional provisions may be required should the ability of our customers to make payments when due deteriorate in the future. Judgment is required to assess the ultimate recoverability of these receivables, including ongoing evaluation of the creditworthiness of each customer.

Microlending

We maintain an allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable related to our Financial inclusion and applied technologies segment with respect to microlending loans provided to our customers. Our policy is to regularly review the ageing of outstanding amounts due from borrowers and adjust the provision based on management's estimate of the recoverability of finance loans receivable. We write off microlending loans and related service fees if a borrower is in arrears with repayments for more than three months or dies.

Management considers factors including the period of the microlending loan outstanding, creditworthiness of the customers and the past payment history and trends of its established microlending book. We consider this policy to be appropriate taking into account factors such as historical bad debts, current economic trends and changes in our customer payment patterns. Additional allowances may be required should the ability of our customers to make payments when due deteriorates in the future. A significant amount of judgment is required to assess the ultimate recoverability of these finance loan receivables, including ongoing evaluation of the creditworthiness of each customer.

Revenue - variation in transaction price following September 2019 Supreme Court ruling

In fiscal 2019, the Supreme Court denied our appeal and we have recorded a liability of $34.0 million as of June 30, 2019, comprising a revenue refund of $19.7 million (ZAR 277.6 million), and other expenses totaling $14.3 million (ZAR 201.8 million).

Management considers a component of the $34.0 million to be refunded to SASSA, specifically the ZAR 277.6 million ($19.7 million) of revenue recorded in fiscal 2014 related to a June 2012 agreement, to be a variation in the price charged to SASSA under our February 2012 SASSA contract. Even though it is an involuntary refund to be paid to SASSA, the Supreme Court ruled that we were not entitled to charge SASSA for the additional enrolments performed because, in the courts view, the February 2012 contract contained all the performance obligations and pricing parameters related to the enrolment of all beneficiaries, and not just cardholder recipients, and we should not have sought a recovery of implementation costs in fiscal 2014 from SASSA for the additional enrolment services provided under the June 2012 agreement. As noted above, management does not agree with the findings of the courts and has had to exercise its judgment in determining whether the reversal of revenue represents a price variation (accounted for as a reduction in revenue in fiscal 2019) or a nonreciprocal transfer.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent accounting pronouncements adopted

Refer to Note 2 of our audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the dates of adoption and effects on financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of June 30, 2020

Refer to Note 2 of our audited consolidated financial statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of June 30, 2020, including the expected dates of adoption and effects on financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Currency Exchange Rate Information

Actual exchange rates

The actual exchange rates for and at the end of the periods presented were as follows:

Table 1 | June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
ZAR : $ average exchange rate | 15.6775 |  | 14.1926 |  | 12.8557
Highest ZAR : $ rate during period | 19.0569 |  | 15.4335 |  | 14.4645
Lowest ZAR : $ rate during period | 13.8973 |  | 13.1528 |  | 11.5526
Rate at end of period | 17.3326 |  | 14.0840 |  | 13.7255

Translation Exchange Rates

We are required to translate our results of operations from ZAR to U.S. dollars on a monthly basis. Thus, the average rates used to translate this data for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, vary slightly from the averages shown in the table above. The translation rates we use in presenting our results of operations are the rates shown in the following table:

Table 2 | June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Income and expense items: $1 = ZAR | 17.5686 |  | 14.2688 |  | 12.6951
Balance sheet items: $1 = ZAR | 17.3326 |  | 14.0840 |  | 13.7255

Results of operations

The discussion of our consolidated overall results of operations is based on amounts as reflected in our audited consolidated financial statements which are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. We analyze our results of operations both in U.S. dollars, as presented in the audited consolidated financial statements, and supplementally in ZAR, because ZAR is the functional currency of the entities which contribute the majority of our results and is the currency in which the majority of our transactions are initially incurred and measured. Due to the significant impact of currency fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and ZAR on our reported results and because we use the U.S. dollar as our reporting currency, we believe that the supplemental presentation of our results of operations in ZAR is useful to investors to understand the changes in the underlying trends of our business.

Our operating segment revenue presented in "-Results of operations by operating segment" represents total revenue per operating segment before intercompany eliminations. A reconciliation between total operating segment revenue and revenue presented in our audited consolidated financial statements is included in Note 22 to those statements.

We deconsolidated CPS from June 1, 2020 and its results are excluded from that date. We disposed of our Korean operation in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 and it has been presented as a discontinued operation for fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018. We used the equity method to account for DNI in fiscal 2020 and accounted for DNI as a discontinued operation in fiscal 2019 and 2018. We disposed of FIHRST during the second quarter of fiscal 2020 and its contribution to our reported results is excluded from December 1, 2019. Refer also to Note 3 and Note 10 to the audited consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal 2020 Compared to Fiscal 2019

The following factors had a significant influence on our results of operations during fiscal 2020 as compared with the same period in the prior year:

• Decline in revenue: Excluding the impact of the 2019 SASSA implementation fee reversal, our revenues declined 12% in ZAR primarily due to the expiration of our SASSA contract, the decline in EPE account numbers driven by SASSA's auto-migration of accounts to SAPO, a reduction in EPE-related financial and value-added services and transaction fees due to a smaller customer base, and the impact of the pandemic, which was partially offset by higher terminal and prepaid airtime sales;

• Ongoing operating losses: We continue to experience operating losses primarily in South Africa as a result of lower revenues, coupled with a high fixed-cost infrastructure, despite a significant reduction in this cost base over the last two years. We also recorded impairment losses of $6.3 million and $14.4 million, during fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively;

• Fiscal 2019 implementation costs to be refunded to SASSA of $34.0 million: During fiscal 2019, we recorded an accrual of $34.0 million related to the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling comprising a revenue refund of $19.7 million (ZAR 277.6 million), accrued interest of $11.4 million (ZAR 161.0 million), unclaimed indirect taxes of $2.8 million (ZAR 39.4 million) and estimated costs of $0.1 million (ZAR 1.4 million);

• Corporate transactions: In fiscal 2020 we recorded a gain of $9.7 million related to the disposal of FIHRST in December 2019, which was partially offset by a $1.0 million loss on the disposal of our remaining interest in DNI and a $4.3 million loss on the deconsolidation of CPS. We also paid a termination fee of $17.5 million in respect of our decision not to exercise our option to acquire control of Bank Frick. In fiscal 2019, we recorded a fair value adjustment loss of $167.5 million related to our investment in Cell C equity and a $12.8 million impairment of our Cedar Cellular note; and

• Adverse foreign exchange movements: The U.S. dollar appreciated 23% against the ZAR compared to the same period in fiscal 2019, which adversely impacted our reported results.

Consolidated overall results of operations

This discussion is based on the amounts prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

The following tables show the changes in the items comprising our statements of operations, both in U.S. dollars and in ZAR:

Table 3 | In U.S. Dollars
| Year ended June 30,
| 2020(A) |  | 2019(A)(B) |  | $ %
|  |  | (as restated) |
| $ '000 |  | $ '000 | change
Revenue | 150,997 |  | 166,227 |  | (9%)
Cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support | 109,006 |  | 129,696 |  | (16%)
Selling, general and administration | 75,256 |  | 144,920 |  | (48%)
Depreciation and amortization | 4,647 |  | 12,103 |  | (62%)
Impairment loss | 6,336 |  | 14,440 |  | (56%)
Operating loss | (44,248) |  | (134,932) |  | (67%)
Change in fair value of equity securities | - |  | (167,459) |  | nm
Gain on disposal of FIHRST | 9,743 |  | - |  | nm
Loss (Gain) on disposal of DNI | (1,010) |  | 177 |  | nm
Loss on deconsolidation of CPS | 7,148 |  | - |  | nm
Termination fee paid to cancel Bank Frick option | 17,517 |  | - |  | nm
Interest income | 2,805 |  | 5,424 |  | (48%)
Interest expense | 7,641 |  | 9,860 |  | (23%)
Impairment of Cedar Cellular note | - |  | 12,793 |  | nm
Loss before income taxes | (65,016) |  | (319,443) |  | (80%)
Income tax expense (benefit) | 2,656 |  | (5,072) |  | nm
Net loss before (loss) income from equity-accounted investments | (67,672) |  | (314,371) |  | (78%)
(Loss) income from equity-accounted investments | (29,542) |  | 1,258 |  | nm
Net loss from continuing operations | (97,214) |  | (313,113) |  | (69%)
Net income from discontinued operations | 6,402 |  | 13,630 |  | (53%)
Gain (Loss) from disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | 12,454 |  | (9,175) |  | nm
Net loss | (78,358) |  | (308,658) |  |
Less (Add) net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | - |  | 2,349 |  | nm
Continuing | - |  | (1,352) |  | nm
Discontinued | - |  | 3,701 |  | nm
Net (loss) income attributable to us | (78,358) |  | (311,007) |  | (75%)
Continuing | (97,214) |  | (311,761) |  | (69%)
Discontinued | 18,856 |  | 754 |  | 2,401%

(A) Refer to Note 3 to the audited consolidated financial statements for discontinued operations disclosures.

(B) Refer to Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the restatement.

Table 4 | In South African Rand
| Year ended June 30,
| 2020(A) |  | 2019(A)(B) |  | $ %
|  |  | (as restated) |
| ZAR '000 |  | ZAR '000 | change
Revenue | 2,652,806 |  | 2,371,976 |  | 12%
Cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support | 1,915,083 |  | 1,850,697 |  | 3%
Selling, general and administration | 1,322,143 |  | 2,067,935 |  | (36%)
Depreciation and amortization | 81,641 |  | 172,704 |  | (53%)
Impairment loss | 111,314 |  | 206,052 |  | (46%)
Operating loss | (777,375) |  | (1,925,412) |  | (60%)
Change in fair value of equity securities | - |  | (2,389,556) |  | nm
Gain on disposal of FIHRST | 171,171 |  | - |  | nm
Loss (Gain) on disposal of DNI | (17,744) |  | 2,526 |  | nm
Loss on deconsolidation of CPS | 125,580 |  | - |  | nm
Termination fee paid to cancel Bank Frick option | 307,749 |  | - |  | nm
Interest income | 49,280 |  | 77,398 |  | (36%)
Interest expense | 134,242 |  | 140,697 |  | (5%)
Impairment of Cedar Cellular note | - |  | 182,550 |  | nm
Loss before income taxes | (1,142,239) |  | (4,558,291) |  | (75%)
Income tax expense (benefit) | 46,662 |  | (72,375) |  | nm
Net loss before (loss) income from equity-accounted investments | (1,188,901) |  | (4,485,916) |  | (73%)
(Loss) income from equity-accounted investments | (519,012) |  | 17,951 |  | nm
Net loss from continuing operations | (1,707,913) |  | (4,467,965) |  | (62%)
Net income from discontinued operations | 112,474 |  | 194,493 |  | (42%)
Gain (Loss) from disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | 218,799 |  | (130,923) |  | nm
Net loss | (1,376,640) |  | (4,404,395) |  |
Less (Add) net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | - |  | 33,519 |  | nm
Continuing | - |  | (19,292) |  | nm
Discontinued | - |  | 52,811 |  | nm
Net (loss) income attributable to us | (1,376,640) |  | (4,437,914) |  | (69%)
Continuing | (1,707,913) |  | (4,448,673) |  | (62%)
Discontinued | 331,273 |  | 10,759 |  | 2,979%

(A) Refer to Note 3 to the audited consolidated financial statements for discontinued operations disclosures.

(B) Refer to Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the restatement.

Excluding the impact of the 2019 SASSA implementation fee reversal, the decrease in revenue was primarily due to the expiration of our SASSA contract, the decline in EPE account numbers driven by SASSA's auto-migration of accounts to SAPO, a reduction in EPE-related financial and value-added services and transaction fees due to a smaller customer base, and the impact of the pandemic which was partially offset by higher terminal and prepaid airtime sales.

The decrease in cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support was primarily due to fewer SASSA Grindrod-account grant recipients utilizing the South African National Payment System which resulted in lower transaction costs incurred by us, which was partially offset by higher costs related to terminal and prepaid airtime sales.

The decrease in selling, general and administration expense was primarily due to lower fixed costs (including premises and staff costs) incurred during fiscal 2020 largely as a result of the extensive cost cutting delivered over the last 18 months. Our fiscal 2019 expense includes an increase in our allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable of approximately $23.4 million (resulting from SASSA's auto-migration of EPE accounts) and the payment of $5.2 million (ZAR 73.7 million) of retrenchment packages.

Depreciation and amortization decreased primarily due to lower overall amortization of intangible assets that are fully amortized and tangible assets that are fully depreciated during fiscal 2020.

During fiscal 2020, we recorded an impairment loss of $5.6 million related to the impairment of a portion of our EasyPay business unit's allocated goodwill and a $0.7 million impairment loss related to our Maltese e-money license. During fiscal 2019, we recognized an impairment loss of approximately $14.4 million, which included $7.0 million related to the entire amount of IPG goodwill and $6.2 million primarily related to the impairment of goodwill recognized pursuant to the 2004 Aplitec transaction. Refer to Note 11 of our audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding these impairment losses.

Our operating loss margin for fiscal 2020 and 2019 was (29.3%) and (81.2%), respectively. We discuss the components of operating (loss) income margin under "-Results of operations by operating segment."

The change in fair value of equity securities represents a non-cash fair value adjustment loss related to Cell C during fiscal 2019. Refer to Note 7 of our audited consolidated financial statements for the methodology and inputs used in the fair value calculation.

We recorded a gain of $9.7 million related to the disposal of FIHRST during fiscal 2020, which was partially offset by a $1.0 million loss on the disposal of our remaining interest in DNI and a $4.3 million loss on the deconsolidation of CPS. We also paid a termination fee of $17.5 million in respect of our decision not to exercise our option to acquire control of Bank Frick

Interest on surplus cash decreased to $2.8 million (ZAR 49.3 million) from $5.4 million (ZAR 77.4 million), due primarily to the lower average daily cash balances and cash used to fund the operating losses in the South African operations.

Interest expense decreased to $7.6 million (ZAR 134.2 million) from $9.9 million (ZAR 140.7 million), due to a reduction in our long-term South African debt, which was partially offset by interest expense related to cash borrowed to stock our ATMs and utilization of our overdraft facilities.

During fiscal 2019, we recorded an impairment loss of $12.8 million related to our Cedar Cellular note as discussed in Note 10 of our audited consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal 2020 tax expense was $2.7 million (ZAR 46.7 million) compared to $(5.1) million (ZAR (72.4) million) in fiscal 2019. Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2020 was impacted by the tax neutral disposals of FIHRST and DNI, the tax neutral deconsolidation of CPS, non-deductible impairment losses, the option termination fee paid, the ongoing losses incurred by IPG and certain of our South African businesses and the associated valuation allowances created related to the deferred tax assets recognized regarding those net operating losses, other non-deductible expenses, including certain corporate transactions-related expenditure, and the tax expense recorded by our profitable businesses, primarily in South Africa.

Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2019 was adversely impacted by the valuation allowances created related to the deferred tax assets recognized in respect of net operating losses incurred by our South African businesses, the non-deductible impairment losses, the DNI disposal gain, and other non-deductible expenses, including transaction-related expenditure and non-deductible interest on our South African long-term debt facility. The deferred tax impact of the change in the fair value of our investment in Cell C also impacted the effective rate for fiscal 2019, as this amount is recorded at a lower rate (at a capital gains rate) than the South African statutory rate. During fiscal 2019, we reversed the entire deferred tax liability of approximately $6.1 million recorded as of June 30, 2018, as a result of the decrease in the carrying value of Cell C to below the initial cost. In addition, the June 30, 2019, carrying value of our investment in Cell C is less than its initial cost which results in a capital gains tax benefit for tax purposes. However, we do not expect to realize any significant capital gains in the foreseeable future and have provided a valuation allowance of $31.7 million related to this capital gains tax benefit deferred tax asset.

DNI was accounted for using the equity method during the year to date fiscal 2020. The accounting for DNI as a discontinued operation in fiscal 2019, as well as a number of impairments, has adversely impacted the comparability of our (loss) earnings from equity-accounted investments during fiscal 2020. The largest impairment was in respect of our investment in Bank Frick and followed from our decision not to exercise our option to take control of the bank. Finbond is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and reports its six-month results during our first half and its annual results during our fourth quarter. The table below presents the relative earnings (loss) from our equity accounted investments:

Table 5 | Year ended June 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ %
|  |  | (as restated)(A) |  |
| $ '000 |  | $ '000 |  | change
DNI | (9,744) |  | 865 |  | nm
Share of net income | 4,676 |  | 1,380 |  | 239%
Amortization of intangible assets, net of deferred tax | (1,350) |  | (515) |  | 162%
Impairment | (13,070) |  | - |  | nm
Bank Frick | (17,273) |  | (1,542) |  | 1,020%
Share of net income | 1,421 |  | 1,109 |  | 28%
Amortization of intangible assets, net of deferred tax | (433) |  | (567) |  | (24%)
Impairment | (18,261) |  | - |  | nm
Other | - |  | (2,084) |  | nm
Finbond | 1,840 |  | 2,619 |  | (30%)
Other | (4,365) |  | (684) |  | 538%
Share of net loss | (1,865) |  | (684) |  | 173%
Impairment | (2,500) |  | - |  | nm
Total (loss) earnings from equity-accounted investment | (29,542) |  | 1,258 |  | nm

(A) Refer to Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the restatement.

Refer to Note 10 of our audited consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the impairment of certain of our equity-accounted investments.

Results of operations by operating segment

The composition of revenue and the contributions of our business activities to operating income are illustrated below:

Table 6 | In U.S. Dollars
| Year ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | % of |  | 2019 |  | % of |  | % change
Operating Segment | $ '000 | total | $ '000 | total
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South African transaction processing | 73,796 |  | 31% |  | 96,038 |  | 27% |  | (23%)
International transaction processing | 90,416 |  | 38% |  | 148,268 |  | 41% |  | (39%)
Continuing | 5,041 |  | 2% |  | 9,842 |  | 3% |  | (49%)
Discontinued | 85,375 |  | 36% |  | 138,426 |  | 38% |  | (38%)
Financial inclusion and applied technologies | 82,342 |  | 35% |  | 146,184 |  | 40% |  | (44%)
Continuing | 82,342 |  | 35% |  | 89,847 |  | 24% |  | (8%)
Discontinued | - |  | - |  | 56,337 |  | 16% |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments | 246,554 |  | 142% |  | 390,490 |  | 149% |  | (37%)
Corporate/Eliminations | (10,182) |  | (42%) |  | (29,500) |  | (49%) |  | (65%)
Consolidated revenue | 236,372 |  | 100% |  | 360,990 |  | 100% |  | (35%)
Continuing | 150,997 |  | 64% |  | 166,227 |  | 46% |  | (9%)
Discontinued | 85,375 |  | 36% |  | 194,763 |  | 54% |  | (56%)
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | nm
South African transaction processing | (19,575) |  | 55% |  | (30,771) |  | 27% |  | (36%)
International transaction processing | 2,051 |  | (6%) |  | 2,837 |  | (2%) |  | (28%)
Continuing | (12,517) |  | 35% |  | (16,502) |  | 15% |  | (24%)
Discontinued | 14,568 |  | (41%) |  | 19,339 |  | (17%) |  | (25%)
Financial inclusion and applied technologies | (2,723) |  | 8% |  | (14,758) |  | 13% |  | (82%)
Continuing | (2,723) |  | 8% |  | (39,158) |  | 34% |  | (93%)
Discontinued | - |  | - |  | 24,400 |  | (21%) |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments | (20,247) |  | 51% |  | (42,692) |  | 36% |  | (53%)
Corporate/eliminations | (15,217) |  | 49% |  | (70,816) |  | 64% |  | (79%)
Continuing | (9,433) |  | 33% |  | (48,501) |  | 44% |  | (81%)
Discontinued | (5,784) |  | 16% |  | (22,315) |  | 20% |  | (74%)
Consolidated operating (loss) income | (35,464) |  | 100% |  | (113,508) |  | 100% |  | (69%)
Continuing | (44,248) |  | 125% |  | (134,932) |  | 119% |  | (67%)
Discontinued | 8,784 |  | (25%) |  | 21,424 |  | (19%) |  | (59%)

Table 7 | In South African Rand
| Year ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | % of |  | 2019 |  | % of |  | % change
Operating Segment | ZAR '000 | total | ZAR '000 | total
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South African transaction processing | 1,296,492 |  | 31% |  | 1,370,414 |  | 27% |  | (5%)
International transaction processing | 1,588,483 |  | 38% |  | 2,115,710 |  | 41% |  | (25%)
Continuing | 88,564 |  | 2% |  | 140,440 |  | 3% |  | (37%)
Discontinued | 1,499,919 |  | 36% |  | 1,975,270 |  | 38% |  | (24%)
Financial inclusion and applied technologies | 1,446,634 |  | 35% |  | 2,085,973 |  | 40% |  | (31%)
Continuing | 1,446,634 |  | 35% |  | 1,282,072 |  | 24% |  | 13%
Discontinued | - |  | - |  | 803,901 |  | 16% |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments | 4,331,609 |  | 142% |  | 5,572,097 |  | 149% |  | (22%)
Corporate/Eliminations | (178,883) |  | (42%) |  | (420,950) |  | (49%) |  | (58%)
Consolidated revenue | 4,152,726 |  | 100% |  | 5,151,147 |  | 100% |  | (19%)
Continuing | 2,652,807 |  | 64% |  | 2,371,976 |  | 46% |  | 12%
Discontinued | 1,499,919 |  | 36% |  | 2,779,171 |  | 54% |  | (46%)
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | nm
South African transaction processing | (343,905) |  | 55% |  | (439,087) |  | 27% |  | (22%)
International transaction processing | 36,033 |  | (6%) |  | 40,483 |  | (2%) |  | (11%)
Continuing | (219,906) |  | 35% |  | (235,475) |  | 15% |  | (7%)
Discontinued | 255,939 |  | (41%) |  | 275,958 |  | (17%) |  | (7%)
Financial inclusion and applied technologies | (47,839) |  | 8% |  | (210,589) |  | 13% |  | (77%)
Continuing | (47,839) |  | 8% |  | (558,765) |  | 34% |  | (91%)
Discontinued | - |  | - |  | 348,176 |  | (21%) |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments | (355,711) |  | 51% |  | (609,193) |  | 36% |  | (42%)
Corporate/eliminations | (267,341) |  | 49% |  | (1,010,509) |  | 64% |  | (74%)
Continuing | (165,724) |  | 33% |  | (692,085) |  | 44% |  | (76%)
Discontinued | (101,617) |  | 16% |  | (318,424) |  | 20% |  | (68%)
Consolidated operating (loss) income | (623,052) |  | 100% |  | (1,619,702) |  | 100% |  | (62%)
Continuing | (777,374) |  | 125% |  | (1,925,412) |  | 119% |  | (60%)
Discontinued | 154,322 |  | (25%) |  | 305,710 |  | (19%) |  | (50%)

South African transaction processing

The decrease in segment revenue was primarily due to fewer transactions performed at our ATM base and lower fees as a result of fewer EPE and SASSA accounts. Our South African transaction processing operating segment revenue and operating loss have been adversely impacted by the loss of EPE customers as a result of SASSA's auto-migration of accounts to SAPO during the first half of fiscal 2019. Excluding the impact of the $5.6 million EasyPay goodwill impairment loss, the reduction in operating losses in the segment reflects the cost reductions that have occurred over the last 12 months. Operating income for this operating segment for fiscal 2019 included a $1.1 million impairment loss and retrenchment costs of $4.7 million (ZAR 65.9 million).

Our operating loss margin for fiscal 2020 and 2019 was (26.5%) and (32.0%), respectively. Our operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2020 excluding the goodwill impairment of $5.6 million was $(14.0) million and (19.0%), respectively. Excluding the impairment loss of $1.1 million and restructuring costs of $4.7 million, the segment operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2019 were $(24.9) million and (26.0%), respectively.

International transaction-based activities

Segment revenue from continuing operations was lower during fiscal 2020, primarily due to an ongoing contraction in IPG transactions processed, specifically meaningfully lower crypto-exchange and China and ACH processing activity. Excluding the adverse impact of the $7.0 million impairment loss incurred in fiscal 2019, the operating loss from continuing operations during fiscal 2020 increased compared with fiscal 2019 due to higher operating losses incurred by IPG.

Our operating loss margin for fiscal 2020 and 2019 was (248.3%) and (167.7%), respectively. Excluding the goodwill impairment, segment operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2019 were $(9.5) million and (96.4%), respectively.

Financial inclusion and applied technologies

In ZAR, segment revenue from continuing operations increased due to higher terminal and prepaid airtime sales, which was partially offset by lower lending revenue and insurance revenue as a result of fewer customers, and a decrease in inter-segment revenues. Our lending and insurance books have improved through fiscal 2020, and the positive contribution from terminal sales as well as our cost reduction efforts of the last 18 months have contributed to a significant reduction in the segment's operating loss.

Operating loss from continuing operations for fiscal 2020 includes a $1.3 million inventory write-down related to prepaid airtime inventory. Operating loss from continuing operations for fiscal 2019 includes an allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable of $23.4 million recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2019, a $6.3 million impairment loss and retrenchment costs of $1.6 million (ZAR 22.6 million).

Our operating loss margin from continuing operations for the Financial inclusion and applied technologies segment was (3.3%) and (43.6%) during fiscal 2020 and 2019, respectively. Excluding the inventory write down of $1.3 million, the segment operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2020 were $(12.5) million and (1.7%), respectively. Excluding the impairment loss of $6.3 million and restructuring costs of $1.6 million, the segment operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2019 were $(31.3) million and (34.8%), respectively.

Corporate/ Eliminations

Our corporate expenses generally include acquisition-related intangible asset amortization; expenses incurred related to corporate actions; expenditure related to compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; non-employee directors' fees; employee and executive bonuses; stock-based compensation; legal fees; audit fees; directors and officer's insurance premiums; telecommunications expenses; and elimination entries.

Our corporate expenses decreased primarily due to lower acquired intangible asset amortization expense related to intangible assets that were fully amortized during fiscal 2019, which was partially offset by higher transaction-related expenditures and a $0.7 million impairment loss. Fiscal 2019 was impacted by the impact of the reversal of revenue related to the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling, the accrual of $14.3 million related to the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling, a $5.3 million impairment loss as well as higher acquired intangible asset amortization, and were partially offset by the reversal of stock-based compensation charges of $1.9 million related to forfeiture of awards.

Fiscal 2019 Compared to Fiscal 2018

The following factors had a significant influence on our results of operations during fiscal 2019 as compared with the same period in the prior year:

- Decline in revenue: Our revenues declined (59%) in ZAR primarily due to the expiration of our SASSA contract, a significant decline in EPE account numbers driven by SASSA's auto-migration of accounts to SAPO, and a reduction in EPE-related financial and value-added services and transaction fees due to a smaller customer base;
- Significant operating losses: Lower revenue, coupled with a high-fixed cost infrastructure and write-downs due to limited recoverability of dues from customers, resulted in a significant operating loss. During February 2019, we accelerated a restructuring of our South African operations to bring our cost structure in-line with our current customer. We incurred $6.3 million in retrenchment costs during fiscal 2019;
- Interest expense: Net interest expense increased due to lower average cash balances and higher short-term borrowing to fund ATMs, which was partially offset by the early settlement of long-term debt in May 2019;
- Non-cash losses, impairments and fair-value adjustments: During fiscal 2019 we incurred impairment losses of $14.4 million, a fair value adjustment loss of $167.5 million related to our investment in Cell C equity and a $12.8 million impairment of our Cedar Cellular note;
- Implementation costs to be refunded to SASSA of $34.0 million: We recorded an accrual of $34.0 million related to the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling comprising a revenue refund of $19.7 million (ZAR 277.6 million), accrued interest of $11.4 million (ZAR 161.0 million), unclaimed indirect taxes of $2.8 million (ZAR 39.4 million) and estimated costs of $0.1 million (ZAR 1.4 million)); and
- Adverse foreign exchange movements: The U.S. dollar appreciated 12% against the ZAR during fiscal 2019, which adversely impacted our reported results.

Table 8 | In U.S. Dollars
| Year ended June 30,
| 2019(A)(B) |  | 2018(A)(B) |  | $ %
| (as restated) |  | (as restated) |
| $ '000 |  | $ '000 | change
Revenue | 166,227 |  | 459,575 |  | (64%)
Cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support | 129,696 |  | 243,554 |  | (47%)
Selling, general and administration | 144,920 |  | 130,822 |  | 11%
Depreciation and amortization | 12,103 |  | 10,473 |  | 16%
Impairment loss | 14,440 |  | 20,917 |  | (31%)
Operating (loss) income | (134,932) |  | 53,809 |  | nm
Change in fair value of equity securities | (167,459) |  | 32,473 |  | nm
Loss (Gain) on disposal of DNI | 177 |  | - |  | nm
Interest income | 5,424 |  | 16,845 |  | (68%)
Interest expense | 9,860 |  | 8,569 |  | 15%
Impairment of Cedar Cellular note | 12,793 |  | - |  | nm
(Loss) income before income taxes | (319,443) |  | 94,558 |  | nm
Income tax (benefit) expense | (5,072) |  | 45,106 |  | nm
Net (loss) income before income loss from equity-accounted investments | (314,371) |  | 49,452 |  | nm
Income from equity-accounted investments | 1,258 |  | 1,810 |  | (30%)
Net (loss) income from continuing operations | (313,113) |  | 51,262 |  | nm
Net income from discontinued operations | 13,630 |  | 9,945 |  | 37%
Loss from disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | (9,175) |  | - |  | nm
Net (loss) income | (308,658) |  | 61,207 |  |
Less (Add) net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 2,349 |  | (880) |  | nm
Continuing | (1,352) |  | (880) |  | 54%
Discontinued | 3,701 |  | - |  | nm
Net (loss) income attributable to us | (311,007) |  | 62,087 |  | nm
Continuing | (311,761) |  | 52,142 |  | nm
Discontinued | 754 |  | 9,945 |  | (92%)

(A) Refer to Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the restatement.

(B) Refer to Note 3 to the audited consolidated financial statements for discontinued operations disclosures.

Table 9 | In South African Rand
| Year ended June 30,
| 2019(A)(B) |  | 2018(A)(B) |  | $ %
| (as restated) |  | (as restated) |
| ZAR '000 |  | ZAR '000 | change
Revenue | 2,371,976 |  | 5,834,350 |  | (59%)
Cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support | 1,850,697 |  | 3,091,942 |  | (40%)
Selling, general and administration | 2,067,935 |  | 1,660,798 |  | 25%
Depreciation and amortization | 172,704 |  | 132,956 |  | 30%
Impairment loss | 206,052 |  | 265,543 |  | (22%)
Operating (loss) income | (1,925,412) |  | 683,111 |  | nm
Change in fair value of equity securities | (2,389,556) |  | 412,248 |  | nm
Loss (Gain) on disposal of DNI | 2,526 |  | - |  | nm
Interest income | 77,398 |  | 213,849 |  | (64%)
Interest expense | 140,697 |  | 108,784 |  | 29%
Impairment of Cedar Cellular note | 182,550 |  | - |  | nm
(Loss) income before income taxes | (4,558,291) |  | 1,200,424 |  | nm
Income tax (benefit) expense | (72,375) |  | 572,625 |  | nm
Net (loss) income before income from equity-accounted investments | (4,485,916) |  | 627,799 |  | nm
Income from equity-accounted investments | 17,951 |  | 22,978 |  | (22%)
Net (loss) income from continuing operations | (4,467,965) |  | 650,777 |  | nm
Net income from discontinued operations | 194,493 |  | 126,253 |  | 54%
Loss from disposal of discontinued operations, net of tax | (130,923) |  | - |  | nm
Net (loss) income | (4,404,395) |  | 777,030 |  |
Less (Add) net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest | 33,519 |  | (11,172) |  | nm
Continuing | (19,292) |  | (11,172) |  | 73%
Discontinued | 52,811 |  | - |  | nm
Net (loss) income attributable to us | (4,437,914) |  | 788,202 |  | nm
Continuing | (4,448,673) |  | 661,949 |  | nm
Discontinued | 10,759 |  | 126,253 |  | (91%)

(A) Refer to Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the restatement.

(B) Refer to Note 3 to the audited consolidated financial statements for discontinued operations disclosures.

The decrease in revenue was primarily due to lower contributions received from our South African operations as a result of the end of our CPS contract with SASSA, which also resulted in fewer SASSA Grindrod-account grant recipients using the South African National Payment System to access their grants; the reversal of revenue of $19.7 million (ZAR 277.6 million) following the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling; the loss of our EPE account holders resulting in lower transaction fees; fewer prepaid airtime and value-added services sales; decreases in our insurance and lending activities and IPG; which was partially offset by higher fee and transaction income from our ATM offerings.

The decrease in cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support was primarily due to fewer SASSA Grindrod-account grant recipients utilizing the South African National Payment System which resulted in lower transaction costs incurred by us and fewer prepaid airtime sales, which was partially offset by expenses to support and expand our EPE and ATM offerings.

In ZAR, the increase in selling, general and administration expense was primarily due to an increase in our allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable of approximately $28.8 million (ZAR 411.0 million), additional costs recorded related to the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling of $14.3 million (ZAR 201.8 million), payment of $6.3 million (ZAR 88.5 million) of retrenchment packages, as well as an increase in costs at IPG as part of its restructuring and re-establishment initiatives. Fiscal 2019 expenses also included committed fixed and variable costs (including premises and staff costs) that related to the maintenance and expansion of our financial inclusion initiatives. Fiscal 2018 included the impact of an allowance for doubtful Mastertrading working capital finance receivables of $7.8 million.

Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to the amortization of acquired intangible assets, which was partially offset by an increase in the number of tangible assets that became fully depreciated.

During fiscal 2019, we recognized an impairment loss of approximately $14.4 million, which included $7.0 million related to the entire amount of IPG goodwill and $6.2 million primarily related to the impairment of goodwill recognized pursuant to the 2004 Aplitec transaction.

During fiscal 2018, we reviewed for impairment the goodwill identified and recognized pursuant to the Masterpayment and Masterpayment Financial Services acquisitions in April 2016 and November 2017, respectively, due to uncertainty surrounding the timing and amount of future net cash inflows following changes in the business strategy. As a consequence of this review, our 2018 impairment loss of $20.9 million included an impairment loss of approximately $19.9 million related to the entire carrying value of this goodwill acquired.

Our operating (loss) income margin for fiscal 2019 and 2018 was (81.2%) and 11.7% respectively. We discuss the components of operating (loss) income margin under "-Results of operations by operating segment." Our fiscal 2019 operating loss margin resulted from lower revenue, the impact of the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling, an increase in our allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable, impairment losses and losses incurred running our financial inclusion infrastructure. Our fiscal 2019 operating loss margin was (48.2%) excluding the impact of the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling, the $14.4 million impairment losses and the $6.3 million in retrenchment costs incurred. Our fiscal 2018 operating margin was 18.0% excluding the $20.9 million impairment loss, and the $7.8 million allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable.

The change in fair value of equity securities represents a non-cash fair value adjustment (loss) gain related to Cell C of $(167.5 million) and $32.5 million during fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fiscal 2019 adjustment was caused by the challenges faced by Cell C's business.

Interest on surplus cash decreased to $5.4 million (ZAR 77.4 million) from $16.8 million (ZAR 213.8 million) due primarily to the lower average daily ZAR cash balances resulting from our significant investments over the last two years as well as cash utilized to fund operating losses in the South African operations during fiscal 2019.

Interest expense increased to $9.9 million (ZAR 140.7 million) from $8.6 million (ZAR 108.8 million), due to increased borrowings which we obtained to partially fund our strategic investments and fund our ATMs, which was partially offset by a reduction in our long-term South African debt. Interest expense for fiscal 2018 included interest on our South Korean debt, which was fully repaid in October 2017.

We recorded an impairment loss of $12.8 million related to our Cedar Cellular note as discussed in Note 10 of our audited consolidated financial statements.

Fiscal 2019 tax expense was $(5.1) million (ZAR (72.4) million) compared to $45.1 million (ZAR 572.6 million) in fiscal 2018. Our effective tax rate was adversely impacted by the valuation allowances created related to the deferred tax assets recognized in respect of net operating losses incurred by our South African businesses, the non-deductible impairment losses, the DNI disposal gain, and other non-deductible expenses, including transaction-related expenditure and non-deductible interest on our South African long-term debt facility. The deferred tax impact of the change in the fair value of our investment in Cell C also impacted the effective rate for fiscal 2019, as this amount is recorded at a lower rate (at a capital gains rate) than the South African statutory rate. During fiscal 2019, we reversed the entire deferred tax liability of approximately $6.1 million recorded as of June 30, 2018, as a result of the decrease in the carrying value of Cell C to below the initial cost.

In addition, the June 30, 2019, carrying value of our investment in Cell C is less than its initial cost which results in a capital gains tax benefit for tax purposes. However, we do not expect to realize any significant capital gains in the foreseeable future and have provided a valuation allowance of $31.7 million related to this capital gains tax benefit deferred tax asset.

Our effective tax rate for fiscal 2018 was 47.7% and higher than the South African statutory rate as a result of an impairment loss, a valuation allowance related to an allowance for doubtful working capital finance receivables created, the DNI re-measurement loss on acquisition, non-deductible expenses (including transaction-related expenditure and non-deductible interest on our South African long-term facility) and the impact of the changes in U.S. federal statutory tax law.

Finbond is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and reports its six-month results during our first quarter and its annual results during our fourth quarter. The table below presents the relative earnings (loss) from our equity accounted investments:

Table 10 | Year ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (as restated)(A) |  | (as restated)(A) |  |
| $ '000 |  | $ '000 |  | $ % change
DNI | 865 |  | - |  | nm
Share of net income | 1,380 |  | - |  | nm
Amortization of intangible assets, net of deferred tax | (515) |  | - |  | nm
Bank Frick | (1,542) |  | (606) |  | 154%
Share of net income | 1,109 |  | 201 |  | 452%
Amortization of intangible assets, net of deferred tax | (567) |  | (403) |  | 41%
Other | (2,084) |  | (404) |  | 416%
Finbond | 2,619 |  | 2,412 |  | 9%
Other | (684) |  | 4 |  | nm
Total earnings from equity-accounted investments | 1,258 |  | 1,810 |  | (30%)

(A) Refer to Note 1 to the audited consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the restatement.

Results of operations by operating segment

The composition of revenue and the contributions of our business activities to operating income are illustrated below:

Table 11 |  | In U.S. Dollars
|  | Year ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | % of |  | 2018 |  | % of |  | %
Operating Segment | $ '000 | total | $ '000 | total | change
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South African transaction processing |  | 96,038 |  | 27% |  | 268,047 |  | 44% |  | (64%)
International transaction processing |  | 148,268 |  | 41% |  | 180,027 |  | 29% |  | (18%)
Continuing |  | 9,842 |  | 3% |  | 26,713 |  | 4% |  | (63%)
Discontinued |  | 138,426 |  | 38% |  | 153,314 |  | 25% |  | (10%)
Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 146,184 |  | 40% |  | 221,906 |  | 36% |  | (34%)
Continuing |  | 89,847 |  | 24% |  | 221,906 |  | 36% |  | (60%)
Discontinued |  | 56,337 |  | 16% |  | - |  | - |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments |  | 390,490 |  | 149% |  | 669,980 |  | 138% |  | (42%)
Corporate/Eliminations |  | (29,500) |  | (49%) |  | (57,091) |  | (38%) |  | (48%)
Consolidated revenue |  | 360,990 |  | 100% |  | 612,889 |  | 100% |  | (41%)
Continuing |  | 166,227 |  | 46% |  | 459,575 |  | 75% |  | (64%)
Discontinued |  | 194,763 |  | 54% |  | 153,314 |  | 25% |  | 27%
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | nm
South African transaction processing |  | (30,771) |  | 27% |  | 42,796 |  | 73% |  | nm
International transaction processing |  | 2,837 |  | (2%) |  | (12,478) |  | (21%) |  | nm
Continuing |  | (16,502) |  | 15% |  | (30,455) |  | (51%) |  | (46%)
Discontinued |  | 19,339 |  | (17%) |  | 17,977 |  | 30% |  | 8%
Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | (14,758) |  | 13% |  | 55,372 |  | 94% |  | nm
Continuing |  | (39,158) |  | 34% |  | 55,372 |  | 94% |  | nm
Discontinued |  | 24,400 |  | (21%) |  | - |  | - |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments |  | (42,692) |  | 36% |  | 85,690 |  | 125% |  | nm
Corporate/eliminations |  | (70,816) |  | 64% |  | (26,741) |  | (25%) |  | 165%
Continuing |  | (48,501) |  | 44% |  | (13,904) |  | (3%) |  | 249%
Discontinued |  | (22,315) |  | 20% |  | (12,837) |  | (22%) |  | 74%
Consolidated operating (loss) income |  | (113,508) |  | 100% |  | 58,949 |  | 100% |  | nm
Continuing |  | (134,932) |  | 119% |  | 53,809 |  | 91% |  | nm
Discontinued |  | 21,424 |  | (19%) |  | 5,140 |  | 9% |  | 317%

Table 12 |  | In South African Rand
|  | Year ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | % of |  | 2018 |  | % of |  | % change
Operating Segment | ZAR '000 | total | ZAR '000 | total
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
South African transaction processing |  | 1,370,414 |  | 27% |  | 3,402,883 |  | 44% |  | (60%)
International transaction processing |  | 2,115,710 |  | 41% |  | 2,285,461 |  | 29% |  | (7%)
Continuing |  | 140,440 |  | 3% |  | 339,124 |  | 4% |  | (59%)
Discontinued |  | 1,975,270 |  | 38% |  | 1,946,337 |  | 25% |  | 1%
Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 2,085,973 |  | 40% |  | 2,817,119 |  | 36% |  | (26%)
Continuing |  | 1,282,072 |  | 24% |  | 2,817,119 |  | 36% |  | (54%)
Discontinued |  | 803,901 |  | 16% |  | - |  | - |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments |  | 5,572,097 |  | 149% |  | 8,505,463 |  | 138% |  | (34%)
Corporate/Eliminations |  | (420,950) |  | (49%) |  | (724,776) |  | (38%) |  | (42%)
Consolidated revenue |  | 5,151,147 |  | 100% |  | 7,780,687 |  | 100% |  | (34%)
Continuing |  | 2,371,976 |  | 46% |  | 5,834,350 |  | 75% |  | (59%)
Discontinued |  | 2,779,171 |  | 54% |  | 1,946,337 |  | 25% |  | 43%
Operating (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | nm
South African transaction processing |  | (439,087) |  | 27% |  | 543,299 |  | 73% |  | nm
International transaction processing |  | 40,483 |  | (2%) |  | (158,409) |  | (21%) |  | nm
Continuing |  | (235,475) |  | 15% |  | (386,629) |  | (51%) |  | (39%)
Discontinued |  | 275,958 |  | (17%) |  | 228,220 |  | 30% |  | 21%
Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | (210,589) |  | 13% |  | 702,953 |  | 94% |  | nm
Continuing |  | (558,765) |  | 34% |  | 702,953 |  | 94% |  | nm
Discontinued |  | 348,176 |  | (21%) |  | - |  | - |  | nm
Subtotal: Operating segments |  | (609,193) |  | 36% |  | 1,087,843 |  | 125% |  | nm
Corporate/eliminations |  | (1,010,509) |  | 64% |  | (339,480) |  | (25%) |  | 198%
Continuing |  | (692,085) |  | 44% |  | (176,513) |  | (3%) |  | 292%
Discontinued |  | (318,424) |  | 20% |  | (162,967) |  | (22%) |  | 95%
Consolidated operating (loss) income |  | (1,619,702) |  | 100% |  | 748,363 |  | 100% |  | nm
Continuing |  | (1,925,412) |  | 119% |  | 683,110 |  | 91% |  | nm
Discontinued |  | 305,710 |  | (19%) |  | 65,253 |  | 9% |  | 368%

South African transaction processing

The decrease in segment revenue and operating income was primarily due to the substantial decrease in the number of SASSA grant recipients paid under our SASSA contract as the contract expired at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Our revenue and operating income was also adversely impacted by the significant reduction in the number of SASSA grant recipients with SASSA-branded cards linked to Grindrod bank accounts as well as a lower number of EPE accounts. These decreases in revenue and operating income were partially offset by higher transaction revenue as a result of increased usage of our ATMs and EasyPay. Operating income for this operating segment for fiscal 2019 included a $1.1 million impairment loss and retrenchment costs of $4.7 million (ZAR 65.9 million).

Our operating (loss) income margin for fiscal 2019 and 2018 was (32.0%) and 16.0%, respectively. Excluding the impairment loss of $1.1 million and restructuring costs of $4.7 million, the segment operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2019 were $(24.9) million and (26.0%), respectively.

International transaction-based activities

Segment revenue from continuing operations was lower during fiscal 2019, primarily due to a contraction in IPG transactions processed, specifically meaningfully lower crypto-exchange and China processing activity. Operating loss from continuing operations during fiscal 2019 was adversely impacted by a $7.0 million impairment loss in respect of IPG. Operating income during fiscal 2018 was adversely impacted by a $19.9 million impairment loss, and a Mastertrading allowance for doubtful working capital finance receivable of $7.8 million. Excluding the combined impact of the impairment losses, and the allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable, operating income during fiscal 2019 was lower compared to fiscal 2018 due to a decrease in IPG revenues and ongoing losses at Masterpayment during fiscal 2019.

Operating (loss) income margin for fiscal 2019 and 2018 was (167.7%) and (114.0%), respectively. Excluding the goodwill impairment, segment operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2019 were $(2.8) million and (10.4%), respectively. Excluding the impairment loss and the Mastertrading allowance for doubtful working capital finance receivables, segment operating income and margin for fiscal 2018 were $(2.8) million and (10.4%), respectively.

Financial inclusion and applied technologies

Segment revenue decreased primarily due to fewer prepaid airtime and value-added services sales, lower lending and insurance revenues, and a decrease in inter-segment revenues. We reported an operating loss in fiscal 2019 compared with fiscal 2018, primarily due to the allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable of $23.4 million recognized in the second quarter, a $6.3 million impairment loss and expenses incurred to maintain and expand our financial service infrastructure. Operating loss for this operating segment for fiscal 2019 included retrenchment costs of $1.6 million (ZAR 22.6 million).

Operating (loss) income margin for the Financial inclusion and applied technologies segment was (43.6%) and 25.0% during fiscal 2019 and 2018, respectively. Excluding the impairment loss of $6.3 million and restructuring costs of $1.6 million, the segment operating loss and operating loss margin for fiscal 2019 were $(31.3) million and (34.8%), respectively.

Corporate/Eliminations

Our corporate expenses increased primarily due to the accrual of $14.3 million related to the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling, a $5.3 million impairment loss as well as higher acquired intangible asset amortization, non-employee director expenses, transaction-related expenditures and external service provider fees, and were partially offset by the reversal of stock-based compensation charges of $1.9 million related to forfeiture of awards. Corporate/ Eliminations for fiscal 2019, also includes the impact of the reversal of revenue related to the September 2019 Supreme Court ruling. Our corporate expenses for fiscal 2018 includes a $0.5 million profit related to the sale of XeoHealth.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At June 30, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents were $217.7 million, which comprised U.S. dollar-denominated balances of $171.3 million, ZAR-denominated balances of ZAR 750.9 million ($43.3 million), and other currency deposits, primarily Botswana pula, of $3.0 million, all amounts translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020. The increase in our unrestricted cash balances from June 30, 2019, was primarily due to the sale of our Korean operations, FIHRST and the majority of our remaining interest in DNI for cash; and the repayment of a loan outstanding by DNI as of June 30, 2019; which was partially offset by weak trading activities, payment of a termination fee to cancel our Bank Frick option, repayment of our short-term borrowings, capital expenditures, and an additional investment in V2.

We generally invest any surplus cash held by our South African operations in overnight call accounts that we maintain at South African banking institutions, and any surplus cash held by our non-South African companies in U.S. dollar-denominated money market accounts.

Historically, we have financed most of our operations, research and development, working capital, and capital expenditures, as well as acquisitions and strategic investments, through internally-generated cash and our financing facilities. When considering whether to borrow under our financing facilities, we consider the cost of capital, cost of financing, opportunity cost of utilizing surplus cash and availability of tax efficient structures to moderate financing costs.

Available short-term borrowings

We have a short-term South African credit facility with Nedbank of up to ZAR 450.0 million ($26.0 million), which is comprised of an overdraft facility of (i) up to ZAR 300.0 million ($17.3 million), which is further split into (a) a ZAR 250.0 million ($14.4 million) overdraft facility which may only be used to fund mobile ATMs and (b) a ZAR 50.0 million ($2.9 million) general banking facility and (ii) indirect and derivative facilities of up to ZAR 150.0 million ($8.7 million), which include guarantees, letters of credit and forward exchange contracts. The ZAR 250.0 million component of the primary amount may only be used to fund ATMs and therefore this component of the primary amount utilized and converted to cash to fund our ATMs is considered restricted cash. As of June 30, 2020, the interest rate on the overdraft facility was 6.10%, and reduced to 5.85% on July 24, 2020, following reductions in the South African repo rate. As of June 30, 2020, we had utilized approximately ZAR 1.0 million ($0.1 million) of our ZAR 250.0 million overdraft facility to fund ATMs, and none of our ZAR 50.0 million general banking facility. As of June 30, 2020, we had utilized approximately ZAR 93.6 million ($5.4 million) of the indirect and derivative facilities to support guarantees issued by Nedbank to various third parties on our behalf.

We also have a short-term South African credit facility with RMB of ZAR 1.2 billion ($69.2 million) which may only be used to fund our fixed ATMs in South Africa. As of June 30, 2020, the interest rate on the facility was 7.25% (South African prime) and reduced to 7.00% on July 24, 2020, following reductions in the South African repo rate. As of June 30, 2020, we had utilized approximately ZAR 0.3 billion ($14.8 million) of this facility.

Restricted cash

We have credit facilities with RMB and Nedbank in order to access cash to fund our ATMs in South Africa. Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented in our audited consolidated statement of cash flows as of June 30, 2020, includes restricted cash of approximately $14.8 million related to cash withdrawn from our various debt facilities to fund ATMs. This cash may only be used to fund ATMs and is considered restricted as to use and therefore is classified as restricted cash on our audited consolidated balance sheet.

Settlement assets and settlement liabilities

As a transaction processor, we receive cash from credit card companies (as well as other types of payment services) which have business relationships with merchants selling goods and services via the internet through IPG that are our customers and on whose behalf we process the transactions between various parties and settle the funds from the credit card companies to our merchant customers. These funds do not represent cash that is available to us and we present these funds, and the associated liability, outside of our current assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. Movements in these cash balances are presented in investing activities and movements in the obligations are presented in financing activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows.

Cash flows from operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2020 was $(46.0) million (ZAR (808.9) million) compared to $(4.5) million (ZAR (63.6) million) during fiscal 2019. The change is primarily due to weaker trading activity during fiscal 2020 compared to 2019, the payment of $17.5 million termination fee to cancel our Bank Frick option, as well as the purchase of Cell C prepaid airtime that is subject to sale restrictions, which was partially offset by the net unwind in our lending book following the temporary COVID-19 restrictions imposed on our lending activities in the latter half of fiscal 2020.

Net cash used in operating activities during fiscal 2019 was $(4.5) million (ZAR (63.6) million) compared to $132.3 million (ZAR 1,679.6 million) generated during fiscal 2018. The decrease in cash provided is primarily due to significantly weaker trading activity during fiscal 2019 compared to 2018.

During fiscal 2020, we paid South African tax of $1.3 million (ZAR 20.0 million) related to our 2020 tax year and $0.8 million (ZAR 11.6 million) related to our 2019 tax year. We also paid taxes totaling $4.3 million in other tax jurisdictions, primarily South Korea.

During fiscal 2019, we paid South African tax of $7.2 million (ZAR 102.9 million) related to our 2019 tax year. During fiscal 2019, we made an additional tax payment of $1.4 million (ZAR 20.9 million) related to our 2018 tax year in South Africa. We also paid taxes totaling $4.7 million in other tax jurisdictions, primarily South Korea.

During fiscal 2018, we paid South African tax of $34.7 million (ZAR 457.1 million) related to our 2018 tax year. During fiscal 2018, we made an additional tax payment of $1.9 million (ZAR 24.4 million) related to our 2017 tax year in South Africa. We also paid taxes totaling $4.9 million in other tax jurisdictions, primarily South Korea.

Taxes paid during fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

Table 13 | Year ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
$ | $ | $ |  | ZAR |  | ZAR | ZAR
'000 | '000 | '000 |  | '000 |  | '000 | '000
First provisional payments | 825 |  | 6,450 |  | 17,739 |  | 11,934 |  | 91,994 |  | 231,200
Second provisional payments | 470 |  | 752 |  | 17,008 |  | 8,038 |  | 10,952 |  | 225,887
Taxation paid related to prior years | 782 |  | 1,426 |  | 1,859 |  | 11,620 |  | 20,880 |  | 24,432
Tax refund received | (1,339) |  | (254) |  | (430) |  | (19,245) |  | (3,864) |  | (5,480)
Total South African taxes paid | 738 |  | 8,374 |  | 36,176 |  | 12,347 |  | 119,962 |  | 476,039
Foreign taxes paid: Korea | 4,263 |  | 4,736 |  | 4,889 |  | 62,302 |  | 66,519 |  | 63,261
Total tax paid | 5,001 |  | 13,110 |  | 41,065 |  | 74,649 |  | 186,481 |  | 539,300

We expect to pay additional provisional payments in South Africa of approximately $0.2 million (ZAR 3.4 million translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020) related to our 2020 tax year in the first quarter of fiscal 2021.

Cash flows from investing activities

During fiscal 2020, we paid approximately $5.9 million (ZAR 104.3 million), related to capital expenditures, primarily related to the acquisition of ATMs and computer equipment in South Africa, leasehold improvements in Malta and processing equipment in South Korea to maintain operations. During fiscal 2020, we received a net $192.6 million from the sale of Net1 Korea, paid transaction costs related to this disposal of $7.5 million, and received $10.9 million from the sale of FIHRST. We also received $42.5 million related to the sale of the majority of our remaining interest in DNI. We also made a further equity contribution of $2.5 million to V2, extended loan funding of $1.5 million to our equity-accounted investments, and received $4.3 million from DNI related to the settlement of a ZAR 60.0 million loan outstanding as of June 30, 2019.

During fiscal 2019, we paid approximately $9.4 million (ZAR 134.5 million), related to capital expenditures, primarily related to the acquisition of ATMs in South Africa and the expansion of our branch network. We also paid $2.5 million for a 50% interest in V2 Limited, acquired customer bases in DNI for $1.4 million, made a further equity contribution of $1.1 million to MobiKwik and received $1.0 million from Finbond related to the settlement of a ZAR 15.0 million loan outstanding.

During fiscal 2018, we paid approximately $151.0 million (ZAR 2.0 billion) for a 15% interest in Cell C, $88.7 million (ZAR 1.2 billion) for a 55% interest in DNI, $51.9 million for a 35% interest in Bank Frick, and $9.0 million for a 7.625% interest in a listed note. Fiscal 2018 includes capital expenditure of $9.6 million (ZAR 122.5 million), primarily for the acquisition of payment processing terminals in Korea and ATMs in South Africa.

Cash flows from financing activities

During fiscal 2020, we utilized approximately $672.4 million from our South African overdraft facilities, primarily to fund our ATMs, and repaid $721.0 million of these facilities. We utilized approximately $14.8 million of our borrowings to fund the purchase of Cell C prepaid airtime that was subject to sale restrictions. We repaid the amount in full, paying $14.5 million, with the difference of $0.3 million reflecting the impact of changes in ZAR against the U.S dollar. We also repaid $26.9 million of our Bank Frick overdraft and utilized $17.4 million of this overdraft to fund our operations.

During fiscal 2019, we utilized approximately $822.8 million from our overdraft facilities, primarily to fund our ATMs, and repaid $741.0 million of these facilities. We also utilized approximately $14.6 million of DNI's revolving credit facility to lend funds to Cell C to finance the acquisition and/or requisition of telecommunication towers and other specific uses pre-approved by the lender. We also made scheduled South African debt facility payments of $31.8 million, repaid $4.9 million under DNI's revolving credit facility and paid non-refundable origination fees of approximately $0.4 million related to the credit facilities. We also paid dividends of approximately $4.1 million to certain of our non-controlling interests, principally in DNI.

During fiscal 2018, we utilized approximately $113.2 million (ZAR 1.46 billion) of our South African facility to partially fund our investments in Cell C and DNI and utilized approximately $0.3 million of our Korean facility to pay a portion of our quarterly interest due. We made accumulated scheduled South African debt facility payments of $60.5 million (ZAR 776.3 million) and made a $16.6 million payment to settle our outstanding South Korean debt facility in full. We also utilized $44.9 million of our overdraft facilities and repaid $62.9 million of these facilities.

Contractual Obligations

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2020:

Table 14 | Payments due by Period, as of June 30, 2020 (in $ '000s)
| Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 2-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | Thereafter
Short-term credit facilities for ATM funding(A) | 14,814 |  | 14,814 |  | - |  | - |  | -
Operating lease liabilities, including imputed interest(B) | 6,388 |  | 2,622 |  | 2,486 |  | 959 |  | 321
Purchase obligations | 1,656 |  | 1,656 |  | - |  | - |  | -
Capital commitments | 59 |  | 59 |  | - |  | - |  | -
Other long-term obligations reflected on our balance sheet(C)(D) | 2,012 |  | - |  | - |  | - |  | 2,012
Total | 24,929 |  | 19,151 |  | 2,486 |  | 959 |  | 2,333

(A) - Refer to Note 13 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

(B) - Refer to Note 9 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

(C) - Includes policyholder liabilities of $2.0 million related to our insurance business. All amounts are translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020.

(D) - We have excluded cross-guarantees in the aggregate amount of $5.4 million issued as of June 30, 2020, to Nedbank to secure guarantees it has issued to third parties on our behalf as the amounts that will be settled in cash are not known and the timing of any payments is uncertain. We have also excluded contractual commitments to lend approximately $4.5 million to V2 Limited, subject to the achievement of certain contractual conditions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

Table 15 | Year ended June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
$ | $ | $ |  | ZAR |  | ZAR | ZAR
'000 | '000 | '000 |  | '000 |  | '000 | '000
South African transaction processing | 3,443 |  | 3,590 |  | 3,988 |  | 60,489 |  | 51,225 |  | 50,628
International transaction processing | 2,206 |  | 3,607 |  | 4,397 |  | 38,757 |  | 51,468 |  | 55,821
Continuing | 703 |  | 664 |  | 139 |  | 12,351 |  | 9,475 |  | 1,765
Discontinued | 1,503 |  | 2,943 |  | 4,258 |  | 26,406 |  | 41,993 |  | 54,056
Financial inclusion and applied technologies | 289 |  | 2,219 |  | 1,264 |  | 5,077 |  | 31,662 |  | 16,047
Continuing | 289 |  | 1,488 |  | 1,264 |  | 5,077 |  | 21,232 |  | 16,047
Discontinued | - |  | 731 |  | - |  | - |  | 10,430 |  | -
Total | 5,938 |  | 9,416 |  | 9,649 |  | 104,323 |  | 134,355 |  | 122,496

Our capital expenditures for fiscal 2020, 2019 and 2018, are discussed under "-Liquidity and Capital Resources-Cash flows from investing activities."

All of our capital expenditures for the past three fiscal years were funded through internally-generated funds. We had outstanding capital commitments as of June 30, 2020, of $0.1 million. We expect to fund these expenditures through internally-generated funds. In addition to these capital expenditures, we expect that capital spending for fiscal 2021 will also primarily relate to expanding our operations in South Africa.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We seek to manage our exposure to currency exchange, translation, interest rate, customer concentration, credit, and equity price and liquidity risks as discussed below.

Currency Exchange Risk

We are subject to currency exchange risk because we purchase inventories that we are required to settle in other currencies, primarily the euro and U.S. dollar. We have used forward contracts to limit our exposure in these transactions to fluctuations in exchange rates between the ZAR, on the one hand, and the U.S. dollar and the euro, on the other hand. We had no outstanding foreign exchange contracts as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Translation Risk

Translation risk relates to the risk that our results of operations will vary significantly as the U.S. dollar is our reporting currency, but we earn most of our revenues and incur most of our expenses in ZAR. The U.S. dollar to ZAR exchange rate has fluctuated significantly over the past three years. As exchange rates are outside our control, there can be no assurance that future fluctuations will not adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Interest Rate Risk

As a result of our normal borrowing and lending activities, our operating results are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates, which we manage primarily through our regular financing activities. We generally maintain limited investments in cash equivalents and have occasionally invested in marketable securities. The interest earned on our bank balances and short-term cash investments is dependent on the prevailing interest rates in the jurisdictions where our cash reserves are invested. During the year ended June 30, 2020, we repaid our long-term borrowings in full.

We have short-term borrowings which attract interest at rates that fluctuate based on changes in the South African prime interest rate. The following table illustrates the effect on our annual expected interest charge, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020, as a result of changes in the South African prime interest rate, assuming hypothetical short-term borrowings of ZAR 1.0 billion as of June 30, 2020. The effect of a hypothetical 1% (i.e. 100 basis points) increase and a 1% decrease in the South African prime interest rate as of June 30, 2020, are shown. The selected 1% hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios.

Table 16 | As of June 30, 2020
| Annual expected interest charge ($ '000) |  | Hypothetical change in interest rates |  | Estimated annual expected interest charge after hypothetical change in interest rates ($ '000)
Interest on South Africa overdraft (South African prime interest rate) | 4,183 |  | 1% |  | 4,760
|  |  | (1%) |  | 3,606

Credit Risk

Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that we would incur as a result of non-performance by counterparties. We maintain credit risk policies with regard to our counterparties to minimize overall credit risk. These policies include an evaluation of a potential counterparty's financial condition, credit rating, and other credit criteria and risk mitigation tools as our management deems appropriate. With respect to credit risk on financial instruments, we maintain a policy of entering into such transactions only with South African, South Korean and European financial institutions that have a credit rating of "B" (or its equivalent) or better, as determined by credit rating agencies such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch Ratings.

Microlending Credit Risk

We are exposed to credit risk in our microlending activities, which provide unsecured short-term loans to qualifying customers. We manage this risk by performing an affordability test for each prospective customer and assigning a "creditworthiness score", which takes into account a variety of factors such as other debts and total expenditures on normal household and lifestyle expenses.

Equity Securities Price Risk

Equity price risk relates to the risk of loss that we would incur as a result of the volatility in the exchange-traded price of equity securities that we hold and the risk that we may not be able to liquidate these securities. As of June 30, 2020, we did not have any equity securities that were exchange-traded and held as available for sale. Historically, exchange-traded equity securities held as available for sale were expected to be held for an extended period of time and we were not concerned with short-term equity price volatility with respect to these securities provided that the underlying business, economic and management characteristics of the company remain sound.

The market price of these exchange-traded equity securities may fluctuate for a variety of reasons and, consequently, the amount we may obtain in a subsequent sale of these securities may significantly differ from the reported market value.

Equity Securities Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk relates to the risk of loss that we would incur as a result of the lack of liquidity on the exchange on which these securities are listed. We may not be able to sell some or all of these securities at one time, or over an extended period of time without influencing the exchange traded price, or at all.

We monitor these investments for impairment and make appropriate reductions in carrying value when an impairment is deemed to be other-than-temporary.

We have invested in approximately 30.6% of the issued share capital of Finbond which are exchange-traded equity securities, however, from April 1, 2016, we have accounted for them using the equity method. The fair value of these securities of $35.7 million as of June 30, 2020, represented approximately 7.9% of our total assets, including these securities.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Our audited consolidated financial statements, together with the report of our independent registered public accounting firm, appear on pages F-1 through F-82 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2020, due to the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting as described below.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by our board of directors, management, and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our officers and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our audited consolidated financial statements.

Inherent Limitations in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this evaluation and as described below, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of June 30, 2020.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that a reasonable possibility exists that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis

We identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting in fiscal 2019 where the control over the review of the accounting for non-routine complex transactions did not operate effectively. As a result of the material weakness, the control did not operate effectively in determining the correct classification in the statement of operations of the $34.0 million accrual for the implementation costs to be refunded to SASSA following the September 30, 2019 Supreme Court ruling and in determining the appropriate presentation and accounting of DNI as a discontinued operation.

The material weakness remains unremediated as of June 30, 2020.

Deloitte & Touche (South Africa), our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation Plan and Status

We have established an in-house accounting technical committee comprising senior members of the finance team in addition to the chief financial officer to review the appropriateness of the accounting treatment of non-routine complex transactions. This technical committee also engages an external expert on the accounting treatment of non-routine complex transactions where it considers this necessary.

We did not have sufficient non-routine complex transactions to test in order to determine the operating effectiveness of the control during fiscal 2020. The material weakness cannot be considered completely remediated until the applicable controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

While we believe the steps taken have improved the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we have limited opportunities to assess that effectiveness. Accordingly, as we continue to monitor the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the areas affected by the material weakness described above, we have and will continue to perform additional procedures, including the use of manual mitigating control procedures and employing any additional tools and resources deemed necessary, to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are fairly stated in all material respects.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness identified below on the achievement of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended June 30, 2020, of the Company and our report dated September 10, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s a sets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Material Weakness

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management's assessment:

A material weakness in internal control over financial reporting results from the control over the accounting for non-routine complex transactions that did not operate effectively.

This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended June 30, 2020, of the Company, and this report does not affect our report on such financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche

Deloitte & Touche

Registered Auditors

Johannesburg, South Africa

September 10, 2020

National Executive: *LL Bam Chief Executive Officer *TMM Jordan Deputy Chief Executive Officer; Clients & Industries *MJ Jarvis Chief Operating Officer *AF Mackie Audit & Assurance *N Sing Risk Advisory DP Ndlovu Tax & Legal *MR Verster Consulting *JK Mazzocco People & Purpose MG Dicks Risk Independence & Legal *KL Hodson Financial Advisory *B Nyembe Responsible Business & Public Policy *R Redfearn Chair of the Board

A full list of partners and directors is available on request *Partner and Registered Auditor

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information about our executive officers is set out in Part I, Item 1 under the caption "Information about our Executive Officers." The other information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the sections of our definitive proxy statement for our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders entitled "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance" and "Additional Information."

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the sections of our definitive proxy statement for our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders entitled "Executive Compensation," "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance-Compensation of Directors" and "-Remuneration Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation."

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the sections of our definitive proxy statement for our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders entitled "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" and "Equity Compensation Plan Information."

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the sections of our definitive proxy statement for our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders entitled "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" and "Board of Directors and Corporate Governance."

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the sections of our definitive proxy statement for our 2020 annual meeting of shareholders entitled "Audit and Non-Audit Fees."

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

a) The following documents are filed as part of this report

1. Financial Statements

The following financial statements are included on pages F-1 through F-82.

Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Deloitte & Touche (South Africa) | F-2
Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 (as restated) | F-3
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-4
Consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-5
Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-6
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-9
Notes to the consolidated financial statements | F-11

2. Financial Statement Schedules

Financial statement schedules have been omitted since they are either not required, not applicable, or the information is otherwise included.

(b) Exhibits

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference Herein
Exhibit No. |  | Description of Exhibit | Included Herewith | Form | Exhibit | Filing Date
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation |  | 8-K | 3.1 | December 1, 2008
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws of Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. |  | 8-K | 3.2 | May 14, 2020
4.1 |  | Form of common stock certificate |  | S-1 | 4.1 | June 20, 2005
4.7 |  | Description of registrant's securities | X |  |  |
10.1* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement |  | 10-K | 10.13 | August 23, 2012
10.2* |  | Form of Stock Option Agreement |  | 10-K | 10.14 | August 23, 2012
10.3* |  | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement (non-employee directors) |  | 10-K | 10.15 | August 23, 2012
10.4* |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement |  | 10-K | 10.32 | August 25, 2016
10.5* |  | Form of non-employee director agreement |  | 10-K | 10.5 | August 24, 2017
10.6* |  | Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Incentive Plan of Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. |  | 14A | A | October 2, 2015
10.7* |  | Contract of Employment, effective March 1, 2018, between Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited and Alexander Michael Ramsay Smith |  | 8-K | 10.80 | March 1, 2018
10.8* |  | Restrictive Covenants Agreement, effective March 1, 2018, between Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited and Alexander Michael Ramsay Smith |  | 8-K | 10.81 | March 1, 2018
10.9* |  | Employment Agreement, effective March 1, 2018, between Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. and Alexander Michael Ramsay Smith |  | 8-K | 10.82 | March 1, 2018

10.10* |  | Restrictive Covenants Agreement, effective March 1, 2018, between Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. and Alexander Michael Ramsay Smith |  | 8-K | 10.83 | March 1, 2018
10.11 |  | Agreement of Lease, Memorandum of an agreement entered into by and between Buzz Trading 199 (Pty) Ltd and Net 1 Applied Technologies South Africa (Pty) Ltd dated May 7, 2013 |  | 10-Q | 10.25 | May 9, 2013
10.12 |  | Addendum to the Lease Agreement made and entered into by and between Buzz Trading 199 (Pty) Ltd and Net 1 Applied Technologies South Africa (Pty) Ltd dated November 18, 2016 |  | 10-Q | 10-60 | May 4, 2017
10.13 |  | Proposed Agreement of Lease between Buzz Trading 199 (Pty) Ltd and Net 1 Applied Technologies South Africa Limited dated October 12, 2017 |  | 10-Q | 10.79 | February 8, 2018
10.14 |  | Relationship Agreement dated December 10, 2013 between Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc., Net 1 Applied Technologies South Africa (Proprietary) Limited, Business Venture Investments No 1567 (Proprietary) Limited (RF) and Mosomo Investment Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. |  | 8-K | 10.25 | December 10, 2013
10.15 |  | Facility Letter between Nedbank Limited and Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Limited and certain of its subsidiaries dated as of December 13, 2013 and First Addendum thereto dated as of December 18, 2013 |  | 8-K | 10.27 | December 19, 2013
10.16 |  | Letter from Nedbank Limited to Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited and certain of its subsidiaries, dated December 7, 2016 |  | 8-K | 10.50 | December 9, 2016
10.17 |  | Addendum dated January 31, 2014, to the Relationship Agreement between Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc., Net 1 Applied Technologies South Africa (Proprietary) Limited, Business Venture Investments No 1567 (Proprietary) Limited (RF) and Mosomo Investment Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. |  | 10-Q | 10.28 | February 6, 2014
10.18 |  | Second Addendum dated March 14, 2014, to the Relationship Agreement between Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc., Net 1 Applied Technologies South Africa (Proprietary) Limited, Business Venture Investments No 1567 (Proprietary) Limited (RF) and Mosomo Investment Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. |  | 8-K | 10.30 | March 18, 2014
10.19 |  | Subscription and Sale of Shares Agreement dated August 27, 2014, between Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc., Net 1 Applied Technologies South Africa (Proprietary) Limited, Business Venture Investments No 1567 (Proprietary) Limited (RF), Mosomo Investment Holdings (Proprietary) Limited and Cash Paymaster Services (Proprietary) Ltd |  | 10-Q | 10.29 | November 6, 2014
10.20 |  | Subscription Agreement, dated April 11, 2016, among the Company and the IFC Investors |  | 8-K | 10.31 | April 12, 2016
10.21 |  | Policy Agreement, dated April 11, 2016, among the Company and the IFC Investors |  | 8-K | 10.32 | April 12, 2016
10.22 |  | Cooperation Agreement, dated May 13, 2020, by and between Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. and VCP (Proprietary) Limited. |  | 8-K | 10.1 | May 14, 2020
10.23 |  | Cell C Shareholders Agreement, dated as of June 19, 2017, by and between Albanta Trading 109 Proprietary Limited, the parties identified on Schedule 1.1.55 thereto, The Prepaid Company Proprietary Limited, Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited, Cedar Cellular Investment 1 (RF) Proprietary Limited, Magnolia Cellular Investment 2 (RF) Proprietary Limited, Yellowwood Cellular Investment 3 (RF) Proprietary Limited, and Cell C Proprietary Limited |  | 8-K | 10.69 | June 26, 2017
10.24 |  | Senior Facility E Agreement, dated September 26, 2018, among Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited, FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division), as lender, and FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division), as agent. |  | 8-K | 10.96 | October 2, 2018
10.25 |  | Third Amendment and Restatement Agreement, dated September 4, 2019, among Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited, Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc., the parties listed in Part I of Schedule 1 thereto, as the original guarantors, FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division), as an arranger, Nedbank Limited (acting through its Corporate and Investment Banking division), as an arranger, the parties listed in Part II of Schedule 1 thereto, as the original lenders, FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division), as agent and Main Street 1692 (RF) Proprietary Limited, as debt guarantor. |  | 8-K | 10.102 | September 13, 2019
10.26 |  | Senior Facility F Agreement, dated September 4, 2019, among Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited, FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division) as a lender, Nedbank Limited (acting through its Corporate and Investment Banking division), as a lender, and FirstRand Bank Limited (acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division), as agent. |  | 8-K | 10.103 | September 13, 2019
10.27 |  | Pledge and Cession in Security, dated September 4, 2019, given by Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited, as cedent, in favor of Main Street 1692 (RF) Proprietary Limited, as cessionary in respect of certain Shares. |  | 8-K | 10.104 | September 13, 2019
14 |  | Amended and Restated Code of Ethics | X |  |  |
21 |  | Subsidiaries of Registrant | X |  |  |
23 |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | X |  |  |
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended | X |  |  |
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended | X |  |  |
32 |  | Certification pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350 | X |  |  |
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document | X |  |  |
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | X |  |  |
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase | X |  |  |
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase | X |  |  |
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase | X |  |  |
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase | X |  |  |

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

By: /s/ Herman G. Kotzé

Herman G. Kotzé
Chief Executive Officer and Director

Date: September 10, 2020

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

NAME | TITLE | DATE
/s/ Jabu A. Mabuza | Chairman of the Board and Director | September 10, 2020
Jabu Mabuza |  |
/s/ Herman G. Kotzé | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | September 10, 2020
Herman G. Kotzé |  |
/s/ Alex M.R. Smith | Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | September 10, 2020
Alex M.R. Smith |  |
/s/ Antony C. Ball | Director | September 10, 2020
Antony C. Ball |  |
/s/ Ian O. Greenstreet | Director | September 10, 2020
Ian O. Greenstreet |  |
/s/ Ali Mazanderani | Director | September 10, 2020
Ali Mazanderani |  |
/s/ Alasdair J. K. Pein | Director | September 10, 2020
Alasdair J. K. Pein |  |
/s/ Kuben Pillay | Director | September 10, 2020
Kuben Pillay |  |
/s/ Ekta Singh-Bushell | Director | September 10, 2020
Ekta Singh-Bushell |  |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC

LIST OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Deloitte & Touche (South Africa) | F-2
Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 (as restated) | F-3
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-4
Consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-5
Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-6
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 (as restated) and 2018 (as restated) | F-9
Notes to the consolidated financial statements | F-11

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in equity and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2020, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated September 10, 2020, expressed an adverse opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting because of a material weakness.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche

Deloitte & Touche

Registered Auditors

Johannesburg, South Africa

September 10, 2020

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2004.

National Executive: *LL Bam Chief Executive Officer *TMM Jordan Deputy Chief Executive Officer; Clients & Industries *MJ Jarvis Chief Operating Officer *AF Mackie Audit & Assurance *N Sing Risk Advisory DP Ndlovu Tax & Legal *MR Verster Consulting *JK Mazzocco People & Purpose MG Dicks Risk Independence & Legal *KL Hodson Financial Advisory *B Nyembe Responsible Business & Public Policy *R Redfearn Chair of the Board

A full list of partners and directors is available on request *Partner and Registered Auditor

F-2

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
as of June 30, 2020 and 2019

|  |  |  |  |  | June 30, |  | June 30,
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A)
|  |  |  |  |  | (In thousands, except share data)
|  |  |  |  | ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 217,671 |  | $ | 20,014
| Restricted cash related to ATM funding (Note 13) |  | 14,814 |  |  | 75,446
| Accounts receivable, net and other receivables (Note 5) |  | 43,068 |  |  | 31,135
| Finance loans receivable, net (Note 5) |  | 15,879 |  |  | 20,981
| Inventory (Note 6) |  | 19,860 |  |  | 5,709
|  | Total current assets before settlement assets |  | 311,292 |  |  | 153,285
|  |  | Settlement assets |  | 8,014 |  |  | 24,523
|  |  | Current assets of discontinued operation (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | 117,842
|  |  |  | Total current assets |  | 319,306 |  |  | 295,650
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Note 8) |  | 6,656 |  |  | 8,227
OPERATING LEASE RIGHT-OF-USE (Note 9) |  | 5,395 |  |  | -
EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS (Note 10) |  | 65,836 |  |  | 148,427
GOODWILL (Note 11) |  | 24,169 |  |  | 37,316
INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (Note 11) |  | 612 |  |  | 2,228
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES |  | 358 |  |  | 234
OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS, including reinsurance assets (Note 10 and 12) |  | 31,346 |  |  | 28,775
LONG-TERM ASSETS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATION (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | 149,390
TOTAL ASSETS |  | 453,678 |  |  | 670,247
|  |  |  |  | LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |
| Short-term credit facilities for ATM funding (Note 13) |  | 14,814 |  |  | 75,446
| Short-term credit facilities (Note 13) |  | - |  |  | 9,544
| Accounts payable |  | 6,287 |  |  | 9,866
| Other payables (Note 14) |  | 23,779 |  |  | 59,622
| Operating lease liability - current (Note 9) |  | 2,251 |  |  | -
| Income taxes payable |  | 16,157 |  |  | 1,330
|  | Total current liabilities before settlement obligations |  | 63,288 |  |  | 155,808
|  |  | Settlement obligations |  | 8,015 |  |  | 24,523
|  |  | Current liabilities of discontinued operation (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | 57,815
|  |  |  | Total current liabilities |  | 71,303 |  |  | 238,146
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES |  | 1,859 |  |  | 1,324
OPERATING LEASE LIABILITY - LONG TERM (Note 9) |  | 3,312 |  |  | -
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES, including insurance policy liabilities (Note 12) |  | 2,012 |  |  | 2,499
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES OF DISCONTINUED OPERATION (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | 3,264
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 78,486 |  |  | 245,233
REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK (Note 15) |  | 84,979 |  |  | 107,672
|  |  |  |  | EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
COMMON STOCK (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |
| Authorized: 200,000,000 with $0.001 par value; |  |  |  |  |
| Issued and outstanding shares, net of treasury - 2020: 57,118,925; 2019: 56,568,425 |  | 80 |  |  | 80
PREFERRED STOCK |  |  |  |  |
| Authorized shares: 50,000,000 with $0.001 par value; |  |  |  |  |
| Issued and outstanding shares, net of treasury: 2020: - ; 2019: - |  | - |  |  | -
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN-CAPITAL |  | 301,489 |  |  | 276,997
TREASURY SHARES, AT COST: 2020: 24,891,292; 2019: 24,891,292 |  | (286,951) |  |  | (286,951)
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Note 16) |  | (169,075) |  |  | (195,812)
RETAINED EARNINGS |  | 444,670 |  |  | 523,028
TOTAL NET1 EQUITY |  | 290,213 |  |  | 317,342
NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST |  | - |  |  | -
TOTAL EQUITY |  | 290,213 |  |  | 317,342
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE COMMON STOCK AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 453,678 |  | $ | 670,247
| (A) - Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1.
| See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

|  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018
|  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |  | (as restated)(A)
|  | (In thousands, except per share data)
REVENUE (Note 17) | $ | 150,997 |  | $ | 166,227 |  | $ | 459,575
| Services rendered |  | 117,325 |  |  | 142,931 |  |  | 391,646
| Loan-based fees received |  | 19,955 |  |  | 27,525 |  |  | 54,949
| Sale of goods |  | 13,717 |  |  | 15,480 |  |  | 12,980
| Variation of price related to SASSA Revenue (Note 14) |  | - |  |  | (19,709) |  |  | -
EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support |  | 109,006 |  |  | 129,696 |  |  | 243,554
| Selling, general and administration |  | 75,256 |  |  | 144,920 |  |  | 130,822
| Depreciation and amortization |  | 4,647 |  |  | 12,103 |  |  | 10,473
| Impairment loss (Note 11) |  | 6,336 |  |  | 14,440 |  |  | 20,917
OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME |  | (44,248) |  |  | (134,932) |  |  | 53,809
CHANGE IN FAIR VALUE OF EQUITY SECURITIES (Note 7 and 10) |  | - |  |  | (167,459) |  |  | 32,473
GAIN ON DISPOSAL OF FIHRST (Note 3) |  | 9,743 |  |  | - |  |  | -
(LOSS) GAIN ON DISPOSAL OF DNI (Note 10) |  | (1,010) |  |  | 177 |  |  | -
LOSS ON DECONSOLIDATION OF CPS (Note 3) |  | 7,148 |  |  | - |  |  | -
TERMINATION FEE PAID TO CANCEL BANK FRICK OPTION (Note 10) |  | 17,517 |  |  | - |  |  | -
INTEREST INCOME |  | 2,805 |  |  | 5,424 |  |  | 16,845
INTEREST EXPENSE |  | 7,641 |  |  | 9,860 |  |  | 8,569
IMPAIRMENT OF CEDAR CELLULAR NOTE (Note 10) |  | - |  |  | 12,793 |  |  | -
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT) |  | (65,016) |  |  | (319,443) |  |  | 94,558
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT) (Note 19) |  | 2,656 |  |  | (5,072) |  |  | 45,106
NET (LOSS) INCOME BEFORE (LOSS) INCOME FROM EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS |  | (67,672) |  |  | (314,371) |  |  | 49,452
(LOSS) INCOME FROM EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS (Note 10) |  | (29,542) |  |  | 1,258 |  |  | 1,810
NET (LOSS) INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS |  | (97,214) |  |  | (313,113) |  |  | 51,262
NET INCOME FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (Note 3) |  | 6,402 |  |  | 13,630 |  |  | 9,945
GAIN (LOSS) ON DISPOSAL OF DISCONTINUED OPERATION, net of tax (Note 3) |  | 12,454 |  |  | (9,175) |  |  | -
NET (LOSS) INCOME |  | (78,358) |  |  | (308,658) |  |  | 61,207
LESS (ADD) NET INCOME (LOSS) ATTRIBUTABLE TO NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST |  | - |  |  | 2,349 |  |  | (880)
| Continuing |  | - |  |  | (1,352) |  |  | (880)
| Discontinued |  | - |  |  | 3,701 |  |  | -
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NET1 |  | (78,358) |  |  | (311,007) |  |  | 62,087
| Continuing |  | (97,214) |  |  | (311,761) |  |  | 52,142
| Discontinued | $ | 18,856 |  | $ | 754 |  | $ | 9,945
Net (loss) earnings per share, in United States dollars (Note 20): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic (loss) earnings attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (1.37) |  | $ | (5.48) |  | $ | 1.10
| Continuing | $ | (1.70) |  | $ | (5.49) |  | $ | 0.92
| Discontinued | $ | 0.33 |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | 0.18
Diluted (loss) earnings attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (1.37) |  | $ | (5.48) |  | $ | 1.09
| Continuing | $ | (1.70) |  | $ | (5.49) |  | $ | 0.92
| Discontinued | $ | 0.33 |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | 0.17
(A) - Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

|  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (As restated)(A) |  | (As restated)(A)
|  |  |  |  |  |  | (In thousands)
Net (loss) income | $ | (78,358) |  | $ | (308,658) |  | $ | 61,207
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve |  | (35,070) |  |  | (26,148) |  |  | (19,286)
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to deconsolidation of CPS (Note 3 and Note 16) |  | 32,451 |  |  | - |  |  | -
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of Net1 Korea (Note 3 and Note 16) |  | 14,228 |  |  | - |  |  | -
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of DNI (Note 3, Note 10 and Note 16) |  | 11,323 |  |  | 5,679 |  |  | -
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of FIHRST (Note 3 and Note 16) |  | 1,578 |  |  | - |  |  | -
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve related to equity-accounted investments |  | 2,227 |  |  | 4,251 |  |  | (2,426)
|  |  | Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes |  | 26,737 |  |  | (16,218) |  |  | (21,712)
|  | Comprehensive (loss) income |  | (51,621) |  |  | (324,876) |  |  | 39,495
|  |  |  | Add comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |  | - |  |  | 2,407 |  |  | 978
|  |  |  |  | Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Net1 | $ | (51,621) |  | $ | (322,469) |  | $ | 40,473
(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1. |  |  |  |  |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. |  |  |  |  |  |  |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended June 30, 2018 (dollar amounts in thousands)

|  | Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Number of Treasury Shares |  |  | Treasury Shares |  |  | Number of shares, net of treasury |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings (as restated)(A) |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss (as restated)(A) |  |  | Total Net1 Equity |  |  | Non-controlling Interest |  |  | Total |  |  | Redeemable common stock |
Balance - July 1, 2017 |  | 81,261,029 |  | $ | 80 |  |  | (24,891,292 | ) | $ | (286,951 | ) |  | 56,369,737 |  | $ | 273,733 |  | $ | 771,948 |  | $ | (162,736 | ) | $ | 596,074 |  | $ | 2,766 |  | $ | 598,840 |  | $ | 107,672 |
Restricted stock granted |  | 618,411 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 618,411 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation charge (Note 18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,656 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,656 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,656 |  |  |  |
Reversal of stock-based compensation charge (Note 18) |  | (302,223 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (302,223 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (49 | ) |  |  |  |  | (49 | ) |  |  |
Stock-based compensation charge related to equity accounted investment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (139 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (139 | ) |  |  |  |  | (139 | ) |  |  |
Acquisition of DNI (Note 3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  | 94,123 |  |  | 94,123 |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) (Note 1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62,087 |  |  |  |  |  | 62,087 |  |  | (880 | ) |  | 61,207 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss (Note 1 and Note 16) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21,614 | ) |  | (21,614 | ) |  | (98 | ) |  | (21,712 | ) |  |  |
Balance - June 30, 2018 |  | 81,577,217 |  | $ | 80 |  |  | (24,891,292 | ) | $ | (286,951 | ) |  | 56,685,925 |  | $ | 276,201 |  | $ | 834,035 |  | $ | (184,350 | ) | $ | 639,015 |  | $ | 95,911 |  | $ | 734,926 |  | $ | 107,672 |
(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1. |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended June 30, 2019 (dollar amounts in thousands)

|  | Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Number of Treasury Shares |  |  | Treasury Shares |  |  | Number of shares, net of treasury |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings (as restated)(A) |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss (as restated)(A) |  |  | Total Net1 Equity |  |  | Non-controlling Interest |  |  | Total |  |  | Redeemable common stock |
Balance - July 1, 2018 |  | 81,577,217 |  | $ | 80 |  |  | (24,891,292 | ) | $ | (286,951 | ) |  | 56,685,925 |  | $ | 276,201 |  | $ | 834,035 |  | $ | (184,350 | ) | $ | 639,015 |  | $ | 95,911 |  | $ | 734,926 |  | $ | 107,672 |
Restricted stock granted |  | 148,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 148,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation charge (Note 18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,319 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,319 |  |  |  |  |  | 2,319 |  |  |  |
Reversal of stock-based compensation charge (Note 18) |  | (265,500 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (265,500 | ) |  | (1,926 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,926 | ) |  |  |  |  | (1,926 | ) |  |  |
Stock-based compensation charge related to equity accounted investment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  |
Acquisition of non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 286 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 286 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 752 |  |  |  |
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  | (4,104 | ) |  | (4,104 | ) |  |  |
Deconsolidation of DNI (Note 3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  | (89,866 | ) |  | (89,866 | ) |  |  |
Net (loss) income (Note 1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (311,007 | ) |  |  |  |  | (311,007 | ) |  | 2,349 |  |  | (308,658 | ) |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss (Note 1 and Note 16) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11,462 | ) |  | (11,462 | ) |  | (4,756 | ) |  | (16,218 | ) |  |  |
Balance - June 30, 2019 |  | 81,459,717 |  | $ | 80 |  |  | (24,891,292 | ) | $ | (286,951 | ) |  | 56,568,425 |  | $ | 276,997 |  | $ | 523,028 |  | $ | (195,812 | ) | $ | 317,342 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 317,342 |  | $ | 107,672 |
(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1. |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended June 30, 2020 (dollar amounts in thousands)

|  | Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. Shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Number of Treasury Shares |  |  | Treasury Shares |  |  | Number of shares, net of treasury |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Retained Earnings (as restated)(A) |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss (as restated)(A) |  |  | Total Net1 Equity |  |  | Non-controlling Interest |  |  | Total |  |  | Redeemable common stock |
Balance - July 1, 2019 (Note 1) |  | 81,459,717 |  | $ | 80 |  |  | (24,891,292 | ) | $ | (286,951 | ) |  | 56,568,425 |  | $ | 276,997 |  | $ | 523,028 |  | $ | (195,812 | ) | $ | 317,342 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 317,342 |  | $ | 107,672 |
Restricted stock granted |  | 568,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 568,000 |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation charge (Note 18) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,873 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,873 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,873 |  |  |  |
Reversal of stock-based compensation charge (Note 18) |  | (17,500 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (17,500 | ) |  | (145 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (145 | ) |  |  |  |  | (145 | ) |  |  |
Stock-based compensation charge related to equity accounted investment (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  |
Transfer from redeemable common stock to additional paid-in-capital (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,693 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,693 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,693 |  |  | (22,693 | )
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (78,358 | ) |  |  |  |  | (78,358 | ) |  | - |  |  | (78,358 | ) |  |  |
Other comprehensive loss (Note 16) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 26,737 |  |  | 26,737 |  |  | - |  |  | 26,737 |  |  |  |
Balance - June 30, 2020 |  | 82,010,217 |  | $ | 80 |  |  | (24,891,292 | ) | $ | (286,951 | ) |  | 57,118,925 |  | $ | 301,489 |  | $ | 444,670 |  | $ | (169,075 | ) | $ | 290,213 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 290,213 |  | $ | 84,979 |
(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1. |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASHFLOWS
for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018

|  |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018
|  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |  | (as restated)(A)
|  |  | (In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net (loss) income | $ | (78,358) |  | $ | (308,658) |  | $ | 61,207
| Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization |  | 13,299 |  |  | 37,349 |  |  | 35,484
| Impairment loss (Note 3 and Note 11) |  | 6,336 |  |  | 19,745 |  |  | 20,917
| Movement in allowance for doubtful accounts receivable |  | 743 |  |  | 32,786 |  |  | 13,358
| Loss (Earnings) from equity-accounted investments (Note 10) |  | 29,542 |  |  | (1,273) |  |  | (8,815)
| Movement in allowance for doubtful loans to equity-accounted investments |  | 1,035 |  |  | - |  |  | -
| Inventory net realizable value adjustment (Note 6) |  | 1,298 |  |  | - |  |  | -
| Interest on Cedar Cellular note (Note 10) |  | - |  |  | (2,397) |  |  | (1,395)
| Impairment of Cedar Cellular note (Note 10) |  | - |  |  | 12,793 |  |  | -
| Change in fair value of equity securities (Note 7 and 10) |  | - |  |  | 167,459 |  |  | (32,473)
| Implementation costs to be refunded to SASSA (Note 14) |  | - |  |  | 34,039 |  |  | -
| Fair value adjustment related to financial liabilities |  | (340) |  |  | 73 |  |  | 414
| Interest payable |  | 1,758 |  |  | 237 |  |  | (146)
| Facility fee amortized |  | - |  |  | 321 |  |  | 589
| Loss on deconsolidation of CPS (Note 3) |  | 7,148 |  |  | - |  |  | -
| (Gain) Loss on disposal of discontinued operation (Note 3) |  | (12,454) |  |  | 9,175 |  |  | -
| Gain on disposal of FIHRST (Note 3) |  | (9,743) |  |  | - |  |  | -
| Loss (Gain) on disposal of DNI (Note 3) |  | 1,010 |  |  | (177) |  |  | -
| Loss on fair value of DNI (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 4,614
| Gain on disposal of business |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (463)
| (Profit) Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | (127) |  |  | (486) |  |  | 40
| Stock-based compensation charge (Note 18) |  | 1,728 |  |  | 393 |  |  | 2,607
| Dividends received from equity-accounted investments |  | 3,549 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | 4,111
| Decrease in accounts receivable, pre-funded social welfare grants receivable and finance loans receivable |  | 8,818 |  |  | 11,663 |  |  | 17,732
| (Increase) Decrease in inventory |  | (19,328) |  |  | 4,042 |  |  | (2,521)
| Increase (Decrease) in accounts payable and other payables |  | (139) |  |  | (14,538) |  |  | 10,595
| (Decrease) Increase in taxes payable |  | (1,427) |  |  | 3,428 |  |  | 1,137
| (Decrease) Increase in deferred taxes |  | (393) |  |  | (11,752) |  |  | 5,313
|  | Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities |  | (46,045) |  |  | (4,460) |  |  | 132,305
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (5,938) |  |  | (9,416) |  |  | (9,649)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment |  | 578 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 658
Proceeds from disposal of Net1 Korea, net of cash disposed (Note 3) |  | 192,619 |  |  | - |  |  | -
Transaction costs paid related to disposal of Net1 Korea (Note 3) |  | (7,458) |  |  | - |  |  | -
Proceeds from disposal of DNI as equity-accounted investment (Note 10 and Note 21) |  | 42,477 |  |  | - |  |  | -
Transaction costs paid related to disposal of DNI as equity-accounted investment (Note 10) |  | (1,010) |  |  | - |  |  | -
Proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries, net of cash disposed (Note 3 and Note 21) |  | 10,895 |  |  | (2,114) |  |  | -
Deconsolidation of CPS - cash disposed (Note 3) |  | (328) |  |  | - |  |  | -
Investment in equity-accounted investments (Note 10) |  | (2,500) |  |  | (2,989) |  |  | (133,335)
Loan to equity-accounted investment (Note 10) |  | (1,230) |  |  | - |  |  | (10,635)
Repayment of loans by equity-accounted investments |  | 4,268 |  |  | 1,029 |  |  | 9,180
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (6,202)
Acquisition of intangible assets |  | - |  |  | (1,384) |  |  | -
Investment in MobiKwik |  | - |  |  | (1,056) |  |  | -
Return on investment |  | - |  |  | 284 |  |  | -
Acquisition of 15% of Cell C |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (151,003)
Acquisition of held to maturity investment |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (9,000)
Other investing activities, net |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (61)
Net change in settlement assets |  | (9,256) |  |  | 79,077 |  |  | 490,795
| Net cash provided by investing activities |  | 223,117 |  |  | 64,476 |  |  | 180,748
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from bank overdraft (Note 13) |  | 689,763 |  |  | 822,754 |  |  | 44,900
Repayment of bank overdraft (Note 13) |  | (747,935) |  |  | (740,969) |  |  | (62,925)
Long-term borrowings utilized (Note 13) |  | 14,798 |  |  | 14,613 |  |  | 113,157
Repayment of long-term borrowings (Note 13) |  | (14,503) |  |  | (37,357) |  |  | (77,062)
Guarantee fee |  | (148) |  |  | (394) |  |  | (754)
Finance lease capital repayments |  | (69) |  |  | - |  |  | -
Acquisition of non-controlling interests |  | - |  |  | (180) |  |  | -
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest |  | - |  |  | (4,104) |  |  | -
Net change in settlement obligations |  | 9,256 |  |  | (79,077) |  |  | (490,795)
| Net cash used in financing activities |  | (48,838) |  |  | (24,714) |  |  | (473,479)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | (17,260) |  |  | (3,845) |  |  | (7,977)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | 110,974 |  |  | 31,457 |  |  | (168,403)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period |  | 121,511 |  |  | 90,054 |  |  | 258,457
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period (Note 21) | $ | 232,485 |  | $ | 121,511 |  | $ | 90,054
(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1.
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Description of Business

Net 1 UEPS Technologies, Inc. ("Net1" and collectively with its consolidated subsidiaries, the "Company") was incorporated in the State of Florida on May 8, 1997. The Company is a provider of financial technology, or fintech, products and services to the unbanked and underbanked in a number of emerging and developed economies. Its universal electronic payment system ("UEPS") uses biometrically secure smart cards that operate in real-time but offline, which allows users to enter into transactions at any time with other card holders in even the most remote areas. The Company also develops and provides secure transaction technology solutions and services, and offers transaction processing and financial solutions. The Company's technology is widely used in South Africa today, where it provides financial services (banking, lending and insurance products), processes debit and credit card payment transactions on behalf of retailers through its EasyPay system, processes value-added services such as bill payments and prepaid electricity for the major bill issuers and local councils in South Africa, and provides mobile telephone top-up transactions for the major South African mobile carriers. The Company has card issuing and acquiring capabilities in Hong Kong and Malta and provides value added payment services to online retailers across Europe through its International Payments Group ("IPG"). The Company leverages its strategic equity investments in Finbond Group Limited ("Finbond") and Bank Frick & Co. AG ("Bank Frick") (both regulated banks) to introduce products to new customers and geographies.

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include subsidiaries over which Net1 exercises control and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").

Impact of COVID-19 on the Company's business

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The Company's operations were impacted by government-imposed restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, on March 27, 2020, the South African government imposed certain emergency measures to combat the spread of COVID-19, including implementation of travel bans and closures of factories, schools, public buildings, and businesses. In addition to limiting movement of employees and access to the Company's corporate head office and operating branches, the following restrictions directly impacted the Company's South African operations: (i) suspension of new lending and other financial services activities, and (ii) limitations on the amount of banking-related fees that may be charged to customers. These measures continued until May 31, 2020 when the restrictions highlighted above as directly affecting the Company were eased. Nevertheless, as the date of this report, South Africa remains under various lockdown restrictions that affect the broader economy and these affect the Company to the extent they affect activity levels in the South African economy.

The broader implications of COVID-19 on the Company's results of operations and overall financial performance remain uncertain. The COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse effects have become more prevalent in the locations where the Company, its customers, suppliers or third-party business partners conduct business. While the Company has not incurred significant disruptions thus far from the COVID-19 outbreak, apart from the two months when loan origination was curtailed, the Company is unable to accurately predict the impact that COVID-19 will have due to numerous uncertainties, including the severity and duration of the outbreak, actions that may be taken by governmental authorities, the impact on the Company's customers and other factors. The Company will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact on its business, consolidated results of operations, and financial condition.

Resolution of going concern risk

As previously reported, the Company's management implemented a number of plans to alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern including the disposal of its March 2020 Korean business unit (refer to Note 3) and its April 2020 sale of its remaining interest in DN Invest Proprietary Limited ("DNI") (refer to Note 10). The cash received from the disposal of its Korean business unit in March 2020 resulted in the resolution of the going concern risk. The Company's management has determined that there are no conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after these consolidated financial statements are issued as the Company believes it has sufficient cash reserves.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)

Restatement of financial statements

Related to DNI discontinued operations presentation

Subsequent to the issuance of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019 and its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and the three and nine months ended March 31, 2019, it determined that its presentation of the discontinued operations of DNI in the consolidated statements of operations included in those filings was incorrect. In these previous filings, the gross amounts of DNI's operations upon classification as a discontinued operation remained in the consolidated statements of operations which totalled to net (loss) income. Two captioned lines below net (loss) income were presented to show the composition of the net (loss) income between continuing and discontinued operations and the details of amounts relating to DNI's discontinued operations were separately disclosed in a note. The correct presentation removes the gross amounts of a discontinued operation from the consolidated statements of operations, which totals to the net (loss) income from continuing operations before presenting net income from discontinued operations and then totalling to net (loss) income.

The Company has revised the previous presentations on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended June 30, 2019, and June 30, 2018, and corrected them in this filing where these amounts are presented as comparative prior period amounts. The impact of these revisions has reduced each of the previously-presented line items in the consolidated statements of operations preceding net income by the amounts shown in the note disclosure for DNI's discontinued operations. The revisions had no effect on previously presented net (loss) income, net (loss) income from continuing operations, net income from discontinued operations or the note disclosures for DNI's discontinued operations, excluding the effects of the disposal of Net1 Korea and the error relating to the release of the foreign currency translation reserve on deconsolidation of DNI.

Related to error identified - release of entire foreign currency translation reserve on deconsolidation of DNI in March 2019

In May 2020, the Company identified an error during its assessment of the accounting related to the disposal of its remaining interest in DNI in April 2020. The error relates to the misapplication of U.S. GAAP as the Company was required to release the full amount of DNI's foreign currency translation reserve from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net income when it deconsolidated DNI in March 2019. The Company only released a portion of the foreign currency translation reserve related to the sale of 17% of DNI in March 2019, refer to Note 3, and should have released an additional $4.0 million in March 2019. During the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company also sold an additional interest in DNI, refer to Note 3, and released a portion ($0.8 million) of the $4.0 million during this period. Therefore, the error as of June 30, 2019, was $3.2 million. The error impacts the Company's reported results and the Company has restated its financial statements for the year ended June 30, 2019 to correct for the error.

Related to Finbond error reported in its fiscal 2020 annual report

On May 29, 2020, Finbond released its February 2020 summarized annual results and announced that it had identified a number of errors in its previously issued audited financial statements and had restated those audited financial statements. The Finbond restatement impacts the Company's reported results and the Company has restated its 2019 and 2018 financial statements to correct for the Finbond restatement. The errors identified by Finbond relate to (i) an ageing issue within one of its subsidiary's loan management system, which prompted a broader review of its management systems and which further resulted in the identification of a lending book that was incorrectly recognized; (ii) the impairment of goodwill following the identification of errors in (i); and (iii) the identification of certain liabilities that should have been recognized in prior periods.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)

Restatement of financial statements (continued)

The tables below present the impact of the restatements on each of the Company's financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 ("As reported" represents amounts after the discontinued operations representation related to the disposal of our Korean business and DNI as discussed in Note 3):

Consolidated balance sheet |
|  | June 30, 2019 |
|  | As reported |  |  | Correction - DNI |  |  | Correction - Finbond |  |  | As restated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Equity-accounted investments | $ | 151,116 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (2,689 | ) | $ | 148,427 |
Total assets |  | 672,936 |  |  | - |  |  | (2,689 | ) |  | 670,247 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  | 1,926 |  |  | - |  |  | (602 | ) |  | 1,324 |
Total liabilities |  | 245,835 |  |  | - |  |  | (602 | ) |  | 245,233 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (199,273 | ) |  | 3,227 |  |  | 234 |  |  | (195,812 | )
Retained earnings |  | 528,576 |  |  | (3,227 | ) |  | (2,321 | ) |  | 523,028 |
Total equity | $ | 319,429 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (2,087 | ) | $ | 317,342 |

Consolidated statement of operations |
| Year ended June 30, 2019 |
| As reported |  | Correction - DNI |  | Correction - Finbond |  | As restated |
| (in thousands, except per share data) |
Gain on disposal of DNI | $ | (631) |  | $ | 808 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 177 |
Loss before income tax |  | (320,251) |  |  | 808 |  |  | - |  |  | (319,443) |
Income tax benefit |  | (5,025) |  |  | - |  |  | (47) |  |  | (5,072) |
Net loss before earnings from equity-accounted investments |  | (315,226) |  |  | 808 |  |  | 47 |  |  | (314,371) |
Earnings from equity-accounted investments |  | 1,467 |  |  | - |  |  | (209) |  |  | 1,258 |
Net loss from continuing operations |  | (313,759) |  |  | 808 |  |  | (162) |  |  | (313,113) |
Loss on disposal of discontinued operation, net of tax |  | (5,140) |  |  | (4,035) |  |  | - |  |  | (9,175) |
Net loss |  | (305,269) |  |  | (3,227) |  |  | (162) |  |  | (308,658) |
Net loss attributable to Net1 |  | (307,618) |  |  | (3,227) |  |  | (162) |  |  | (311,007) |
Continuing |  | (312,407) |  |  | 808 |  |  | (162) |  |  | (311,761) |
Discontinued | $ | 4,789 |  | $ | (4,035) |  | $ | - |  | $ | 754 |
Basic (loss) income per share attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (5.42) |  | $ | (0.06) |  | $ | (0.00) |  | $ | (5.48) |
Continuing | $ | (5.50) |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | (0.00) |  | $ | (5.49) |
Discontinued | $ | 0.08 |  | $ | (0.07) |  | $ | - |  | $ | 0.01 |
Diluted (loss) income per share attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (5.42) |  | $ | (0.06) |  | $ | (0.00) |  | $ | (5.48) |
Continuing | $ | (5.50) |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | (0.00) |  | $ | (5.49) |
Discontinued | $ | 0.08 |  | $ | (0.07) |  | $ | - |  | $ | 0.01 |

| Year ended June 30, 2018 |
| As reported |  | Correction - DNI |  | Correction - Finbond |  | As restated |
| (in thousands, except per share data) |
Income tax expense | $ | 45,729 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (623) |  | $ | 45,106 |
Net income before earnings from equity-accounted investments |  | 48,829 |  |  | - |  |  | 623 |  |  | 49,452 |
Earnings from equity-accounted investments |  | 4,592 |  |  | - |  |  | (2,782) |  |  | 1,810 |
Net income from continuing operations |  | 53,421 |  |  | - |  |  | (2,159) |  |  | 51,262 |
Net income |  | 63,366 |  |  | - |  |  | (2,159) |  |  | 61,207 |
Net income attributable to Net1 |  | 64,246 |  |  | - |  |  | (2,159) |  |  | 62,087 |
Continuing |  | 54,301 |  |  | - |  |  | (2,159) |  |  | 52,142 |
Discontinued | $ | 9,945 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 9,945 |
Basic income per share attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | 1.13 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (0.04) |  | $ | 1.10 |
Continuing | $ | 0.95 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (0.04) |  | $ | 0.92 |
Discontinued | $ | 0.18 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 0.18 |
Diluted income per share attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | 1.13 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (0.04) |  | $ | 1.09 |
Continuing | $ | 096 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (0.04) |  | $ | 0.92 |
Discontinued | $ | 0.17 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 0.17 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)

Restatement of financial statements (continued)

Consolidated statement of comprehensive (loss) income |
|  | Year ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | As reported |  |  | Correction - DNI |  |  | Correction - Finbond |  |  | As restated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net loss | $ | (305,269 | ) | $ | (3,227 | ) | $ | (162 | ) | $ | (308,658 | )
Movement in foreign currency translation reserve |  | (26,194 | ) |  | - |  |  | 46 |  |  | (26,148 | )
Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of DNI |  | 2,452 |  |  | 3,227 |  |  | - |  |  | 5,679 |
Total other comprehensive loss |  | (19,491 | ) |  | 3,227 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (16,218 | )
Comprehensive loss |  | (324,760 | ) |  | - |  |  | (116 | ) |  | (324,876 | )
Comprehensive loss attributed to Net1 | $ | (322,353 | ) | $ | - |  | $ | (116 | ) | $ | (322,469 | )

|  | Year ended June 30, 2018 |
|  | As reported |  |  | Correction - DNI |  |  | Correction - Finbond |  |  | As restated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net income | $ | 63,366 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (2,159 | ) | $ | 61,207 |
Comprehensive income |  | 41,466 |  |  | - |  |  | (1,971 | ) |  | 39,495 |
Comprehensive income attributed to Net1 | $ | 42,444 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (1,971 | ) | $ | 40,473 |

Consolidated statement of changes in equity |
|  | Retained earnings |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
|  | (in thousands) |
As reported - June 30, 2018 | $ | 836,194 |  | $ | (184,538 | )
Correction of misstatement - Finbond |  | (2,159 | ) |  | 188 |
As restated - June 30, 2018 |  | 834,035 |  |  | (184,350 | )
As reported - June 30, 2019 |  | 528,576 |  |  | (199,273 | )
Correction of misstatement - DNI |  | (3,227 | ) |  | 3,227 |
Correction of misstatement - Finbond |  | (2,321 | ) |  | 234 |
As restated - June 30, 2019 | $ | 523,028 |  | $ | (195,812 | )

Consolidated statement of cash flows |
|  | Year ended June 30, 2019 |
|  | As reported |  |  | Correction - DNI |  |  | Correction - Finbond |  |  | As restated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net loss | $ | (305,269 | ) | $ | (3,227 | ) | $ | (162 | ) | $ | (308,658 | )
Loss from equity-accounted investment |  | (1,482 | ) |  | - |  |  | 209 |  |  | (1,273 | )
Loss on disposal of discontinued operation |  | 5,140 |  |  | 4,035 |  |  | - |  |  | 9,175 |
Gain (Loss) on disposal of DNI |  | 631 |  |  | (808 | ) |  | - |  |  | (177 | )
(Decrease) Increase in deferred taxes | $ | (11,705 | ) | $ | - |  | $ | (47 | ) | $ | (11,752 | )

|  | Year ended June 30, 2018 |
|  | As reported |  |  | Correction - DNI |  |  | Correction - Finbond |  |  | As restated |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net income | $ | 63,366 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (2,159 | ) | $ | 61,207 |
Earnings from equity-accounted investment |  | (11,597 | ) |  | - |  |  | 2,782 |  |  | (8,815 | )
Increase (Decrease) in deferred taxes | $ | 5,936 |  | $ | - |  | $ | (623 | ) | $ | 5,313 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of consolidation

The financial statements of entities which are controlled by Net1, referred to as subsidiaries, are consolidated. Inter-company accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation.

The Company, if it is the primary beneficiary, consolidates entities which are considered to be variable interest entities ("VIE"). The primary beneficiary is considered to be the entity that will absorb a majority of the entity's expected losses, receive a majority of the entity's expected residual returns, or both. No entities were required to be consolidated as a result of these requirements during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018.

Business combinations

The Company accounts for its business acquisitions under the acquisition method of accounting. The total value of the consideration paid for acquisitions is allocated to the underlying net assets acquired, based on their respective estimated fair values. The Company uses a number of valuation methods to determine the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired, including discounted cash flows, external market values, valuations on recent transactions or a combination thereof, and believes that it uses the most appropriate measure or a combination of measures to value each asset or liability. The Company recognizes measurement-period adjustments in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Translation of foreign currencies

The primary functional currency of the consolidated entities is the South African Rand ("ZAR") and its reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates for the period. Translation gains and losses are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in total equity.

Foreign exchange transactions are translated at the spot rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetary items are translated at the closing spot rate at the balance sheet date. Transactional gains and losses are recognized in selling, general and administration expense on the Company's consolidated statement of operations for the period.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and funds deposited in bank accounts with financial institutions that are liquid, unrestricted and readily available. Cash that is restricted as to use is classified as restricted cash and includes cash drawn under the Company's borrowings and used to fund its ATMs, refer to Note 13.

Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

Allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable

The Company regularly reviews the ageing of outstanding amounts due from borrowers and adjusts the allowance based on management's estimate of the recoverability of the finance loans receivable. The Company writes off microlending finance loans receivable and related service fees and interest if a borrower is in arrears with repayments for more than three months or dies. The Company writes off working capital finance receivables and related fees when it is evident that reasonable recovery procedures, including where deemed necessary, formal legal action, have failed.

Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable

A specific provision is established where it is considered likely that all or a portion of the amount due from customers renting point of sale ("POS") equipment, receiving support and maintenance or transaction services or purchasing licenses or SIM cards from the Company will not be recovered. Non-recoverability is assessed based on a review by management of the ageing of outstanding amounts, the location and the payment history of the customer in relation to those specific amounts.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Inventory

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis and includes transport and handling costs.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are shown at cost less accumulated depreciation. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on the straight-line basis at rates which are estimated to amortize the assets to their anticipated residual values over their useful lives. Within the following asset classifications, the expected economic lives are approximately:

Computer equipment 3 to 8 years

Office equipment 2 to 10 years

Vehicles 3 to 8 years

Furniture and fittings 3 to 10 years

Buildings and structures 8 to 30 years

The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset and is recognized in income.

Leases

The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets ("ROU"), operating lease liability - current, and operating lease liability - long term in its consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have any significant finance leases as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, but its policy is to include finance leases in property and equipment, other payables, and other long-term liabilities in its consolidated balance sheets.

A ROU asset represents the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the lease liabilities represent its obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease arrangement. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company generally uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing over a similar term of the lease payments at commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease prepayments made and excludes lease incentives. The terms of the Company's lease arrangements may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for lease arrangements with a term of twelve months or less. The Company accounts for all components in a lease arrangement as a single combined lease component. Costs incurred in the adaptation of leased properties to serve the requirements of the Company (leasehold improvements) are capitalized and amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset and the remaining term of the lease.

Equity-accounted investments

The Company uses the equity method to account for investments in companies when it has significant influence but not control over the operations of the company. Under the equity method, the Company initially records the investment at cost and thereafter adjusts the carrying value of the investment to recognize the proportional share of the equity-accounted company's net income or loss. In addition, when an investment qualifies for the equity method (as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence), the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee is added to the current basis of the Company's previously held interest and the equity method would be applied subsequently from the date on which the Company obtains the ability to exercise significant influence over the investee.

Any unrealized holding gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income related to an available for sale security that is subsequently required to be accounted for utilizing the equity method are recognized in earnings as of the date on which the investment qualifies for the equity method. The Company does not recognize cumulative losses in excess of its investment or loans in an equity-accounted investment except if it has an obligation to provide additional financial support. Dividends received from an equity-accounted investment reduce the carrying value of the Company's investment. The Company has elected to classify distributions received from equity method investees using the nature of the distribution approach. This election requires the Company to evaluate each distribution received on the basis of the source of the payment and classify the distribution as either operating cash inflows or investing cash inflows. The Company reviews its equity-accounted investments for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired enterprise over the fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company tests for impairment of goodwill on an annual basis and at any other time if events or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit goodwill below its carrying amount.

Circumstances that could trigger an impairment test include but are not limited to: a significant adverse change in the business climate or legal factors; an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; unanticipated competition; loss of key personnel; the likelihood that a reporting unit or significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed; and results of testing for recoverability of a significant asset group within a reporting unit. If goodwill is allocated to a reporting unit and the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of that reporting unit, an impairment loss is recorded in the statement of operations. Measurement of the fair value of a reporting unit is based on one or more of the following fair value measures: the amount at which the unit as a whole could be bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties; present value techniques of estimated future cash flows; or valuation techniques based on multiples of earnings or revenue, or a similar performance measure.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are shown at cost less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized over the following useful lives:

Customer relationships 1 to 15 years

Software and unpatented technology 3 to 5 years

FTS patent 10 years

Exclusive licenses 7 years

Trademarks 3 to 20 years

Intangible assets are periodically evaluated for recoverability, and those evaluations take into account events or circumstances that warrant revised estimates of useful lives or that indicate that impairment exists.

Debt and equity securities

Debt securities

The Company is required to classify all applicable debt securities as either trading securities, available-for-sale or held to maturity upon investment in the security.

Trading

Debt securities acquired by the Company which it intends to sell in the short-term are classified as trading securities and are initially measured at fair value. These debt securities are subsequently measured at fair value and realized and unrealized gains and losses from these trading securities are included in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. Classification of a debt security as a trading security is not precluded simply because the Company does not intend to sell the security in the short term. The Company had no debt securities that were classified as trading securities as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Available for sale

Debt securities acquired by the Company that have readily determinable fair values are classified as available for sale if the Company has not classified them as trading securities or if it does not have the ability or positive intent to hold the debt security until maturity. The Company is required to make an election to account for these debt securities as available for sale. These available for sale debt securities are initially measured at fair value. These debt securities are subsequently measured at fair value with unrealized gains and losses from available for sale investments in debt securities reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income taxes, in shareholders' equity. The Company had no debt securities that were classified as available for sale securities as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Held to maturity

Debt securities acquired by the Company which it has the ability and the positive intent to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity debt securities. The Company is required to make an election to classify these debt securities as held to maturity and these securities are carried at amortized cost. The amortized cost of held to maturity debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Interest received from the held to maturity security together with this amortization is included in interest income in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The Company had a held to maturity security as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, refer to Note 10.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Debt and equity securities (continued)

Debt securities (continued)

Impairment of debt securities

The Company's available for sale and held to maturity debt securities with unrealized losses are reviewed quarterly to identify other-than-temporary impairments in value.

With regard to available for sale and held to maturity debt securities, the Company considers (i) the ability and intent to hold the debt security for a period of time to allow for recovery of value (ii) whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the debt security; and (iii) whether it expects to recover the entire carrying amount of the debt security. The Company records an impairment loss in its consolidated statement of operations representing the difference between the debt securities carrying value and the current fair value as of the date of the impairment if the Company determines that it intends to sell the debt security or if that it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of the amortized cost basis. However, the impairment loss is split between a credit loss and a non-credit loss for debt securities that the Company determines that it does not intend to sell or that it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the debt securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis. The credit loss portion, which is measured as the difference between the debt security's cost basis and the present value of expected future cash flows, is recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The non-credit loss portion, which is measured as the difference between the debt security's cost basis and its current fair value, is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.

Equity securities

Equity securities are measured at fair value. Changes in the fair value of equity securities are recorded in the Company's consolidated statement of operations within the caption titled "change in fair value of equity securities". The Company may elect to measure equity securities without readily determinable fair values at its cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer ("cost minus changes in observable prices equity securities"). There were no changes in the fair value of our cost minus changes in observable prices equity securities during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company performs a qualitative assessment on a quarterly basis and recognizes an impairment loss if there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the equity security is less than its carrying value.

Policy reserves and liabilities

Reserves for policy benefits and claims payable

The Company determines its reserves for policy benefits under its life insurance products using a model which estimates claims incurred that have not been reported and total present value of disability claims-in-payment at the balance sheet date. This model allows for best estimate assumptions based on experience (where sufficient) plus prescribed margins, as required in the markets in which these products are offered, namely South Africa.

The best estimate assumptions include (i) mortality and morbidity assumptions reflecting the company's most recent experience and (ii) claim reporting delays reflecting Company specific and industry experience. Most of the disability claims-in-payment reserve is reinsured and the reported values were based on the reserve held by the relevant reinsurer. The values of matured guaranteed endowments are increased by late payment interest (net of the asset management fee and allowance for tax on investment income).

Deposits on investment contracts

For the Company's interest-sensitive life contracts, liabilities approximate the policyholder's account value.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Reinsurance contracts held

The Company enters into reinsurance contracts with reinsurers under which the Company is compensated for the entire amount or a portion of losses arising on one or more of the insurance contracts it issues.

The expected benefits to which the Company is entitled under its reinsurance contracts held are recognized as reinsurance assets. These assets consist of short-term balances due from reinsurers (classified within Accounts receivable, net and other receivables) as well as long-term receivables (classified within other long-term assets) that are dependent on the expected claims and benefits arising under the related reinsurance contracts. Amounts recoverable from or due to reinsurers are measured consistently with the amounts associated with the reinsured contracts and in accordance with the terms of each reinsurance contract. Reinsurance assets are assessed for impairment at each balance sheet date. If there is reliable objective evidence that amounts due may not be recoverable, the Company reduces the carrying amount of the reinsurance asset to its recoverable amount and recognizes that impairment loss in its consolidated statement of operations. Reinsurance premiums are recognized when due for payment under each reinsurance contract.

Redeemable common stock

Common stock that is redeemable (1) at a fixed or determinable price on a fixed or determinable date, (2) at the option of the holder, or (3) upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within the control of Company is presented outside of total Net1 equity (i.e. permanent equity). Redeemable common stock is initially recognized at issuance date fair value and the Company does not adjust the issuance date fair value if redemption is not probable. The Company re-measures the redeemable common stock to the maximum redemption amount at the balance sheet date once redemption is probable. Reduction in the carrying amount of the redeemable common stock is only appropriate to the extent that the Company has previously recorded increases in the carrying amount of the redeemable equity instrument as the redeemable common stock may be not be carried at an amount that is less than the initial amount reported outside of permanent equity.

Redeemable common stock is reclassified as permanent equity when presentation outside permanent equity is no longer required (if, for example, a redemption feature lapses, or there is a modification of the terms of the instrument). The existing carrying amount of the redeemable common stock is reclassified to permanent equity at the date of the event that caused the reclassification and prior period consolidated financial statements are not adjusted.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue is recognized net of allowances for returns and any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Nature of products and services

Customers that have a bank account managed by the Company are issued cards that can be utilized to withdraw funds at an ATM or to transact at a merchant point of sale device ("POS"). The Company earns processing fees from transactions processed for these customers. The Company's contracts specify a transaction price for each service provided (for instance, ATM withdrawal, balance enquiry, etc.). Processing revenue fluctuates based on the type and volume of transactions performed by the customer. Revenue is recognized on the completion of the processed transaction.

Account holder fees

The Company provides bank accounts to customers and this service is underwritten by a regulated banking institution because the Company is not a bank. The Company charges its customers a fixed monthly bank account administration fee for all active bank accounts regardless of whether the account holder has transacted or not. The Company recognizes account holder fees on a monthly basis on all active bank accounts. Revenue from account holder's fees fluctuates based on the number of active bank accounts.

Lending revenue

The Company provides short-term loans to customers in South Africa and charges up-front initiation fees and monthly service fees. Initiation fees are recognized using the effective interest rate method, which requires the utilization of the rate of return implicit in the loan, that is, the contractual interest rate adjusted for any net deferred loan fees or costs, premium, or discount existing at the origination or acquisition of the loan. Monthly service fee revenue is recognized under the contractual terms of the loan. The monthly service fee amount is fixed upon initiation and does not change over the term of the loan.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Revenue recognition (continued)

Technology products

The Company supplies hardware and licenses for its customers to use the Company's technology. Hardware includes the sale of POS devices, SIM cards and other consumables which can occur on an ad hoc basis. The Company recognizes revenue from hardware at the transaction price specified in the contract as the hardware is delivered to the customer. Licenses include the right to use certain technology developed by the Company and the associated revenue is recognized ratably over the license period.

Insurance revenue

The Company writes life insurance contracts, and policy holders pay the Company a monthly insurance premium at the beginning of each month. Premium revenue is recognized on a monthly basis net of policy lapses. Policy lapses are provided for on the basis of expected non-payment of policy premiums.

Welfare benefit distribution fees

The Company provided a welfare benefits distribution service in South Africa to a customer under a contract which expired on September 30, 2018. The Company was required to distribute social welfare grants to identified recipients using an internally developed payment platform at designated distribution points (pay points) which enabled the recipients to access their grants. The contract specified a fixed fee per account for one or more grants received by a recipient. The Company recognized revenue for each grant recipient paid at the fixed fee.

Telecom products and services

Through DNI, the Company entered into contracts with mobile networks in South Africa to distribute subscriber identity modules ("SIM") cards on their behalf. The Company was entitled to receive consideration based on the activation of each SIM as well as from a percentage of the value loaded onto each SIM. The Company recognizes revenue from these services once the criteria specified for activation had been met as well as when it was entitled to its consideration related to the value loaded onto the SIM. Revenue from contracts with mobile networks fluctuates based on the number of SIMs activated as well as on the value loaded onto the SIMs. As described in Note 3, the Company disposed of its controlling interest in DNI on March 31, 2019.

The Company purchases airtime for resale to customers. The Company recognizes revenue as the airtime is delivered to the customer. Revenue from the resale of airtime to customers fluctuates based on the volume of airtime sold.

Significant judgments and estimates

The Company was subject to a court process regarding the determination of the price to be charged for welfare benefit distribution services provided from April 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018. In December 2018, the Constitutional Court of South Africa clarified that it was not required to ratify the price and stated that the parties should reach an agreement on the price, failing which they should approach the lower courts in South Africa. The Company has initiated discussions with SASSA, but the parties have not reached agreement regarding the pricing for services provided through September 30, 2018. Management determined, under previous revenue guidance, that there was no evidence of an arrangement at a fixed and determinable price other than that noted in the court ordered extension provided in March 2018 and did not record any additional revenue related to the services provided from April 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018, and recorded revenue at the rate specified in the contract. Upon adoption of the new revenue guidance on July 1, 2018, the Company determined that it was unable to estimate the amount of revenue that it is entitled to receive because no agreement with SASSA had been reached at that date. Accordingly, the Company did not record any additional revenue during the year ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to the price to be charged for welfare benefit distribution services provided through September 30, 2018. The Company recorded revenue at the rate specified in the contract. The Company expected to record any additional revenue once there was agreement between the Company and SASSA on the fee. However, agreement had not been reached by May 31, 2020, and following the deconsolidation of CPS, refer to Note 3, any additional revenue earned by CPS after June 1, 2020, would not be included in the Company's consolidated financial statements and therefore this matter is no longer considered an area of judgment.

Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities

The Company recognizes accounts receivable when its right to consideration under its contracts with customers becomes unconditional. The Company has no contract assets or contract liabilities.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Research and development expenditure

Research and development expenditure is charged to net income in the period in which it is incurred. During the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred research and development expenditures of $1.6 million, $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

Computer software development

Product development costs in respect of software intended for sale to licensees are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility is attained. Technological feasibility is attained when the Company's software has completed system testing and has been determined to be viable for its intended use. The time between the attainment of technological feasibility and completion of software development is generally short with immaterial amounts of development costs incurred during this period.

Costs in respect of the development of software for the Company's internal use are expensed as incurred, except to the extent that these costs are incurred during the application development stage. All other costs including those incurred in the project development and post-implementation stages are expensed as incurred.

Income taxes

The Company provides for income taxes using the asset and liability method. This approach recognizes the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year, as well as deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequence of events recognized in the financial statements and tax returns. Deferred income taxes are adjusted to reflect the effects of changes in tax laws or enacted tax rates.

The Company measured its South African income taxes and deferred income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, using the enacted statutory tax rate in South Africa of 28%.

In establishing the appropriate deferred tax asset valuation allowances, the Company assesses the realizability of its deferred tax assets, and based on all available evidence, both positive and negative, determines whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets or a portion thereof will be realized.

Reserves for uncertain tax positions are recognized in the financial statements for positions which are not considered more likely than not of being sustained based on the technical merits of the position on audit by the tax authorities. For positions that meet the more likely than not standard, the measurement of the tax benefit recognized in the financial statements is based upon the largest amount of tax benefit that, in management's judgement, is greater than 50% likely of being realized based on a cumulative probability assessment of the possible outcomes. The Company's policy is to include interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in selling, general and administration in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company has elected the period cost method and records U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to global intangible low taxed income ("GILTI") as a current-period expense when incurred.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted. The Company measures equity-based stock-based compensation cost at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and recognizes the cost as an expense on a straight-line basis (net of estimated forfeitures) over the requisite service period. In respect of awards with only service conditions that have a graded vesting schedule, the Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. The forfeiture rate is estimated using historical trends of the number of awards forfeited prior to vesting. The expense is recorded in the statement of operations and classified based on the recipients' respective functions. The Company records deferred tax assets for awards that result in deductions on the Company's income tax returns, based on the amount of compensation cost recognized and the Company's statutory tax rate in the jurisdiction in which it will receive a deduction. Differences between the deferred tax assets recognized for financial reporting purposes and the actual tax deduction reported on the Company's income tax return are recorded in taxation expense in the statement of operations.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Equity instruments issued to third parties

Equity instruments issued to third parties represents the cost related to equity instruments granted. The Company measures this cost at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and recognizes the cost as an expense on a straight-line basis (net of estimated forfeitures) over the requisite service period. The forfeiture rate is estimated based on the Company's expectation of the number of awards that will be forfeited prior to vesting. The Company records deferred tax assets for equity instrument awards that result in deductions on the Company's income tax returns, based on the amount of equity instrument cost recognized and the Company's statutory tax rate in the jurisdiction in which it will receive a deduction. Differences between the deferred tax assets recognized for financial reporting purposes and the actual tax deduction reported on the Company's income tax return are recorded in the statement of operations.

Settlement assets and settlement obligations

Settlement assets comprise (1) cash received from credit card companies (as well as other types of payment services) which have business relationships with merchants selling goods and services via the internet that are the Company's customers and on whose behalf it processes the transactions between various parties, (2), up until the sale of FIHRST, refer to Note 3, cash received from customers on whose behalf the Company processes payroll payments that the Company will disburse to customer employees, payroll-related payees and other payees designated by the customer, and (3), up until the expiration of the SASSA contract on September 30, 2018, cash received from the South African government that the Company holds pending disbursement to recipient cardholders of social welfare grants.

Settlement obligations comprise (1) amounts that the Company is obligated to disburse to merchants selling goods and services via the internet that are the Company's customers and on whose behalf it processes the transactions between various parties and settles the funds from the credit card companies to the Company's merchant customers, (2), up until the sale of FIHRST, amounts that the Company is obligated to pay to customer employees, payroll-related payees and other payees designated by the customer, and (3), up until the expiration of the SASSA contract on September 30, 2018, amounts that the Company is obligated to disburse to recipient cardholders of social welfare grants.

The balances at each reporting date may vary widely depending on the timing of the receipts and payments of these assets and obligations.

Recent accounting pronouncements adopted

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued guidance regarding Leases. The guidance increases transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. The amendments to current lease guidance include the recognition of assets and liabilities by lessees for those leases currently classified as operating leases. The guidance also requires disclosures to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance was effective for the Company beginning July 1, 2019. Refer to Note 9 for the impact of the adoption of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of June 30, 2020

In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance regarding Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For trade and other receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, an entity is required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses, which reflects losses that are probable. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning July 1, 2023. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance on its financial statements and related disclosures, but does not expect the impact on its financial results to be significant.

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance regarding Disclosure Framework: Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The guidance modifies the disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning July 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance on its financial statement's disclosure.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted as of June 30, 2020 (continued)

In November 2019, the FASB issued guidance regarding Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging(Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842). The guidance provides a framework to stagger effective dates for future major accounting standards and amends the effective dates for certain major new accounting standards to give implementation relief to certain types of entities, including Smaller Reporting Companies. The Company is a Smaller Reporting Company. Specifically, the guidance changes some effective dates for certain new standards on the following topics in the FASB Codification, namely Derivatives and Hedging (ASC 8152); Leases (ASC 842); Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326); and Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (ASC 350). The guidance defers the adoption date of guidance regarding Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments by the Company from July 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023, and defers the adoption guidance regarding Disclosure Framework: Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement by the Company from July 1, 2020 to July 1, 2021.

In January 2020, the FASB issued guidance regarding Clarifying the Interactions Between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815. The guidance clarifies that an entity should consider observable transactions that require an entity to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative in accordance with U.S GAAP guidance immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. The guidance also clarifies that, when determining the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options an entity should not consider, whether upon settlement or exercise, if the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method or fair value option. This guidance is effective for the Company beginning July 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this guidance on its financial statement's disclosure.

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Acquisitions

The Company did not make any acquisitions during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The cash paid, net of cash received related to the Company's acquisition of DNI during the year ended June 30, 2018, is presented in the table below:

|  | 2018 |
DNI(1) | $ | 6,202 |
Total cash paid, net of cash received | $ | 6,202 |

(1) - represents the cash paid, net of cash acquired, to acquire a further 6% voting and economic interest, which resulted in the Company obtaining a controlling stake in DNI. As described below, the acquisition of DNI occurred in stages and DNI was accounted for using the equity method until June 30, 2018, being the point at which the Company obtained control over DNI. The total cash paid, net of cash acquired, to obtain a 55% voting and economic interest in DNI was $85.7 million.

2020 acquisition

None.

2019 acquisition

None.

2018 acquisition

DNI acquisition

The Company accounted for its interest in DNI using the equity method from August 1, 2017, until June 30, 2018, the date upon which it acquired further voting and economic interest in DNI, taking its ownership to 55%. The transaction actually closed on June 28, 2018, however, for practical purposes the Company has used June 30, 2018, as the date from which it accounted for a controlling stake in DNI. Therefore, the Company consolidated DNI from June 30, 2018.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Acquisitions (continued)

2018 acquisition (continued)

DNI acquisition (continued

On July 27, 2017, the Company subscribed for 44,999,999 ordinary A shares in DNI, representing a 45% voting and economic interest in DNI, for a subscription price of ZAR 945.0 million ($72.0 million) in cash. On March 9, 2018, the Company subscribed for an additional 4,000,000 ordinary A shares in DNI for a subscription price of ZAR 89.3 million ($7.5 million), in cash, which increased its voting and economic interest in DNI to 49%, but did not give it control. On March 9, 2018, the Company also agreed to subscribe for an additional 6,000,000 ordinary A shares in DNI for an aggregate subscription price of ZAR 126.0 million ($9.2 million). The subscription was subject to certain suspensive conditions, including obtaining South African Competition Commission approval which was eventually obtained on June 21, 2018. Accordingly, on June 28, 2018, all conditions were met and the Company subscribed for 6,000,000 ordinary A shares in DNI for a subscription price of ZAR 126.0 million ($9.2 million) in cash, increasing its voting and economic interest in DNI to 55%. Under the terms of its subscription agreements with DNI, the Company agreed to pay to DNI an additional amount of up to ZAR 400.0 million ($29.1 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2018), in cash, subject to the achievement of certain performance targets by DNI. The Company expected to pay the additional amount during the first quarter of the year ended June 30, 2020, and recorded an amount of ZAR 373.6 million ($27.2 million), in other long-term liabilities in its consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2018, which amount represented the present value of the ZAR 400 million ($29.1 million) to be paid (amounts translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2018). The present value of ZAR 373.6 million ($27.2 million) was calculated using the following assumptions (a) the maximum additional amount of ZAR 400 million will be paid on August 1, 2019 and (b) an interest rate of 6.3% (the rate used to calculate interest earned by the Company on its surplus South African funds) has been used to discount the ZAR 400.0 million to its present value as of June 30, 2018. Utilization of different inputs, or changes to these inputs, may have resulted in significantly higher or lower fair value measurement. The ZAR 400 million was settled in full on March 31, 2019.

As described in Note 13, on March 9, 2018, the Company obtained financing to partially fund the acquisition of the additional ordinary A DNI shares and Net1 SA pledged, among other things, its entire equity interest in DNI as security for the South African facilities described in Note 13.

On March 9, 2018, the Company provided DNI with an interest-free loan of ZAR 126.0 million ($10.6 million) which was repayable at the earlier of June 30, 2018, or within twenty days of the 6,000,000 ordinary A share subscription agreement (i) becoming unconditional, (ii) lapsing because the Competition Commission prohibits the subscription, or (iii) the agreement being cancelled for any reason. On June 28, 2018, DNI repaid the ZAR 126 million ($9.2 million) loan in full and the Company used the proceeds from the repayment of the loan to fund the subscription for 6,000,000 ordinary A shares in DNI.

DNI purchase price allocation

During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company determined that certain customer relationships of $7.0 million should not have been separately identified and recorded as intangible assets because there were no separately identified cash flows related to these customer relationships. These customer relationships, net of deferred taxes of $2 million, should have been recorded as a component of goodwill. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company determined that DNI is a discontinued operation.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Acquisitions (continued)

2018 acquisition (continued)

DNI acquisition (continued

DNI purchase price allocation (continued)

The table below presents the DNI balances included on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2018, as well as the amended purchase price allocation ("PPA") of the DNI acquisition, translated at the foreign exchange rates applicable on the date of acquisition:

|  |  |  |  |  | DNI - discontinued operations
|  |  |  |  |  | as of June 30, 2018
|  |  |  |  |  | Initial |  |  |  |  |  | Amended
|  |  |  |  |  | DNI PPA |  |  | Amendment |  |  | DNI PPA
Current assets: | $ | 22,482 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 22,482
| Cash and cash equivalents |  | 2,979 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,979
| Accounts receivable |  | 16,235 |  |  | - |  |  | 16,235
| Finance loans receivable |  | 742 |  |  | - |  |  | 742
| Inventory |  | 2,526 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,526
Long-term assets: |  | 242,704 |  |  | (1,951) |  |  | 240,753
| Property, plant and equipment |  | 1,317 |  |  | - |  |  | 1,317
| Equity-accounted investment |  | 339 |  |  | - |  |  | 339
| Goodwill |  | 114,161 |  |  | 5,017 |  |  | 119,178
| Intangible assets |  | 104,003 |  |  | (6,968) |  |  | 97,035
| Deferred tax assets |  | 1,536 |  |  | - |  |  | 1,536
| Other long-term assets |  | 21,348 |  |  | - |  |  | 21,348
Current liabilities: |  | (20,914) |  |  | - |  |  | (57,350)
| Accounts payables |  | (13,949) |  |  | - |  |  | (13,949)
| Other payables |  | (6,349) |  |  | - |  |  | (6,349)
| Current portion of long-term borrowings |  | (616) |  |  | - |  |  | (616)
Long-term liabilities: |  | (38,387) |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | (36,436)
| Other long-term liabilities(1) |  | (8,291) |  |  | - |  |  | (8,291)
| Deferred tax liabilities |  | (30,096) |  |  | 1,951 |  |  | (28,145)
|  | Fair value of assets and liabilities on acquisition | $ | 205,885 |  | $ | - |  |  | 205,885
|  | Less: fair value attributable to controlling interests on acquisition date |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (94,123)
|  | Less: fair value of equity-accounted investment, comprising: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (100,947)
|  |  | Add: loss on re-measurement of previously held interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,614
|  |  | Less: Contingent payment recognized related to 49% interest acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (25,589)
|  |  | Less: carrying value at the acquisition date |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (79,972)
|  | Less: Contingent payment recognized related to 6% interest acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,633)
|  |  | Total purchase price |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,182

(1) - DNI concluded an acquisition in November 2017 and other long-term liabilities includes a contingent purchase consideration of ZAR 113.8 million ($8.3 million) due to the sellers and other long-term assets includes an amount due from the DNI shareholders, excluding the Company. DNI is obligated under the terms of this obligation to pay 50% of the purchase consideration plus or (less) a contingent amount (refund) calculated on a multiple of excess (deficit) earnings over (less) an agreed earnings amount. The other DNI shareholders have agreed to reimburse DNI the 50% consideration plus (less) the contingent amount (refund) payable in full. Therefore, other long-term asset includes the amounts due from the DNI shareholder, excluding the Company, and other long-term liabilities includes the contingent consideration due under the November 2017 acquisition. The Company expected DNI to pay, and to be reimbursed, the additional amount during the first quarter of the year ended June 30, 2020, which expected amount represented the present value of the ZAR 129.0 million ($9.4 million) to be paid (amounts translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2018). The present value of ZAR 113.8 million ($8.3 million) was calculated using the following assumptions (a) the maximum additional amount of ZAR 129.0 million will be paid on August 1, 2019 and (b) an interest rate of 10.0 % (the rate used to calculate interest earned by DNI on its surplus South African funds) has been used to discount the ZAR 129.0 million to its present value as of June 30, 2018. Utilization of different inputs, or changes to these inputs, may have resulted in significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Acquisitions (continued)

2018 acquisition (continued)

DNI acquisition (continued

DNI purchase price allocation (continued)

The Company recorded intangible asset amortization, deferred taxes and non-controlling interest entries related to these customer relationships that should have been included in goodwill during the six months ended December 31, 2018. The Company reversed these entries during the nine months ended March 31, 2019. The table below presents the impact of the reversal of these entries on the Company's audited consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2019 and the caption in which the impact is included:

|  | Year ended June 30, 2019 |
Reversal of intangible asset amortization - decrease depreciation and amortization | $ | 506 |
Deferred tax impact related to reversal of intangible asset amortization - decrease income tax benefit |  | 142 |
Increase in non-controlling interest | $ | 164 |

Pro forma results related to acquisition

Pro forma results of operations were not presented because the effect of the DNI acquisition was not material to the Company. During the year ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred acquisition-related expenditure of $0.5 million related to this acquisition, which has been included in selling, general and administration expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. The DNI acquisition closed on the last day of the Company's fiscal year and therefore it has not contributed to revenue and net income as a subsidiary for the year ended June 30, 2018.

2018 Fair value of intangible assets acquired

Summarized below is the fair value of the DNI intangible assets acquired and the weighted-average amortization period:

|  |  |  |  |  | Fair value as of acquisition date |  | Weighted-average amortization period (in years)
Finite-lived intangible asset: |  |  |  |
| Acquired during the year ended June 30, 2018: |  |  |  |
|  | DNI - customer relationships acquired | $ | 97,255 |  | 5 - 15
|  | DNI - software and unpatented technology |  | 2,609 |  | 5
|  | DNI - trademarks | $ | 4,139 |  | 5

On acquisition, the Company recognized deferred tax liabilities of approximately $29.1 million related to the acquisition of intangible assets during the year ended June 30, 2018.

2019 intangible asset impairment loss

The Company identified and recognized certain customer relationships as part of its acquisition of DNI, which included relationships related to an agreement with Cell C under which DNI shared in revenues earned by Cell C from other mobile telecommunications networks renting ("tenant rentals") certain Cell C infrastructure that was constructed utilizing funding provided by DNI. Cell C expected to utilize the funding provided by DNI to construct 1,000 towers. Cell C subsequently entered into a roaming arrangement with another South African mobile telecommunications network provider which will extend its network coverage. Cell C utilized funding from DNI to construct approximately 22% of the towers that it had originally estimated to complete, however, the conclusion of the roaming arrangement resulted in Cell C halting the construction of further network infrastructure.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Acquisitions (continued)

2018 acquisition (continued)

DNI acquisition (continued

2019 intangible asset impairment loss (continued)

The Company expected DNI to earn fewer tenant rentals than initially planned due to the lower number of towers constructed. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company updated the discounted cash flow model used to calculate the fair value of the customer relationships acquired on acquisition of DNI to assess the impact of the lower number of towers on its projected cash flows from the tenant rentals customer relationship. The lower number of towers significantly reduced the projected cash flows earned from tenant rentals which resulted in a lower fair value attributed to the customer relationship. The Company compared the updated fair value of the customer relationship to the carrying amount and determined that the customer relationship was impaired. The Company recorded an impairment loss of $5.3 million which is included in net income from discontinued operations caption on its consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2019. The customer relationship was not allocated to an operating segment and the impairment loss is included in corporate/eliminations - discontinued. The economics of the tenant rentals arrangement between DNI and Cell C was excluded from the performance targets agreed between DNI and the Company because the arrangement was outside of DNI's core business.

Dispositions

2020 Dispositions

March 2020 disposal of KSNET

On January 23, 2020, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary Net1 Applied Technologies Netherlands B.V. ("Net1 BV"), a limited liability private company incorporated in The Netherlands, entered into an agreement with PayletterHoldings LLC, a limited liability private company incorporated in the Republic of Korea, in terms of which Net1 BV agreed to sell its entire shareholding in Net1 Applied Technologies Korea Limited ("Net1 Korea"), a limited liability private company incorporated in the Republic of Korea and the sole shareholder of KSNET, Inc. for $237.2 million. The transaction was subject to customary closing conditions and closed on March 9, 2020. The Company no longer controls Net1 Korea and its subsidiaries and deconsolidated its investment effective March 1, 2020, and will have no continued involvement going forward.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

KSNET was acquired in October 2010, and was a profitable and cash generative business, but operated autonomously and in a more developed economy, with limited overlap with the Company's other activities. The Company also believed that the intrinsic value of KSNET was not appropriately reflected in the Company's overall valuation. The Company's board of directors commenced a strategic review of its various businesses and investments last year, and ultimately evaluated and decided to sell KSNET in January 2020 in order to focus more on the Company's core strategy, boost liquidity and to maximize shareholder returns.

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Dispositions (continued)

2020 Dispositions (continued)

March 2020 disposal of KSNET (continued)

The table below presents the impact of the deconsolidation of Net1 Korea and its subsidiaries and the calculation of the net gain recognized on deconsolidation:

| Net1 Korea
|  |  |  |  |  |  | March 2020
| Proceeds from disposal of Net1 Korea, net of cash disposed | $ | 192,619
| Add: Cash and cash equivalents disposed |  | 23,473
| Add: Cash withheld by purchaser to settle South Korean taxes(1) |  | 21,128
| Fair value of consideration received |  | 237,220
| Less: carrying value of Net1 Korea, comprising |  | 200,843
|  | Cash and cash equivalents |  | 23,473
|  | Accounts receivable, net |  | 30,467
|  | Finance loans receivable, net |  | 13,695
|  | Inventory |  | 2,377
|  | Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 7,601
|  | Operating lease right of use asset |  | 181
|  | Goodwill (Note 11) |  | 107,964
|  | Intangible assets, net |  | 4,655
|  | Deferred income taxes assets |  | 1,719
|  | Other long-term assets |  | 10,984
|  | Accounts payable |  | (5,484)
|  | Other payables |  | (5,523)
|  | Operating lease liability - current |  | (69)
|  | Income taxes payable |  | (3,481)
|  | Deferred income taxes liabilities |  | (1,497)
|  | Operating lease liability - long-term |  | (112)
|  | Other long-term liabilities |  | (335)
|  | Released from accumulated other comprehensive income - foreign currency translation reserve (Note 16) |  | 14,228
|  | Settlement assets |  | 44,111
|  | Settlement liabilities |  | (44,111)
|  |  | Gain recognized on disposal, before transaction costs and tax |  | 36,377
|  |  | Transaction costs(2) |  | 8,644
|  |  |  | Gain recognized on disposal, before tax |  | 27,733
|  |  |  | Taxes related to gain recognized on disposal(1) |  | 15,279
|  |  |  |  | Gain recognized on disposal, after tax | $ | 12,454

(1) Represents taxes to be paid related to the disposal of Net1 Korea. The Company also agreed that the purchaser withhold capital gains taxes of $19.9 million (approximately KRW 23.8 billion) and non-refundable securities transaction taxes of $1.2 million (approximately KRW 1.4 billion), for a total withholding of $21.1 million, from the purchase price and pay such amounts, on behalf of Net1 BV, to the South Korean tax authorities. Net1 BV has commenced the process to approach the South Korean tax authorities in order to claim a refund, in full, of the capital gains taxes withheld. The Company has included the expected amount to be refunded in the caption Accounts receivable, net and other receivables in its consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020, refer also to Note 5.

(2) Transaction costs include expenses incurred by the Company of $7.5 million directly related to the disposal of Net1 Korea and paid in cash and a non-refundable securities transfer tax of approximately $1.2 million which was also withheld from the purchase price and paid to the South Korean tax authorities directly by the purchaser.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Dispositions (continued)

2020 Dispositions (continued)

December 2019 disposal of FIHRST

In November 2019, the Company through its wholly owned subsidiary, Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited ("Net1 SA"), entered into an agreement with Transaction Capital Payment Solutions Proprietary Limited, or its nominee, a limited liability private company incorporated in the Republic of South Africa, pursuant to which Net1 SA agreed to sell its entire shareholding in Net1 FIHRST Holdings Proprietary Limited ("FIHRST") for $10.9 million (ZAR 159.7 million). The transaction closed in December 2019. FIHRST was deconsolidated following the closing of the transaction. Net1 SA was obliged to utilize the full purchase price received from the sale of FIHRST to partially settle its obligations under its lending arrangements and applied the proceeds received against its outstanding borrowings - refer to Note 13.

The table below presents the impact of the deconsolidation of FIHRST and the calculation of the net gain recognized on deconsolidation:

FIHRST
|  |  |  |  | December 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2019
Proceeds from disposal of FIHRST, net of cash disposed | $ | 10,895
Add: Cash and cash equivalents disposed |  | 854
Fair value of consideration received |  | 11,749
Less: carrying value of FIHRST, comprising |  | 1,870
| Cash and cash equivalents |  | 854
| Accounts receivable, net |  | 367
| Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 64
| Goodwill (Note 11) |  | 599
| Intangible assets, net |  | 30
| Deferred income taxes assets |  | 42
| Accounts payable |  | (7)
| Other payables |  | (1,437)
| Income taxes payable |  | (220)
| Released from accumulated other comprehensive income - foreign currency translation reserve (Note 16) |  | 1,578
| Settlement assets |  | 17,406
| Settlement liabilities |  | (17,406)
|  | Gain recognized on disposal, before tax |  | 9,879
|  | Taxes related to gain recognized on disposal, comprising: |  | -
|  |  | Capital gains tax |  | 2,654
|  |  | Release of valuation allowance related to capital losses previously unutilized(1) |  | (2,654)
|  | Transaction costs |  | 136
|  |  |  | Gain recognized on disposal, after tax | $ | 9,743

(1) Net1 SA recorded a valuation allowance related to capital losses previously generated but not utilized. A portion of these unutilized capital losses was utilized as a result of the disposal of FIHRST and, therefore, the equivalent portion of the valuation allowance created was released.

May 2020 deconsolidation of CPS

On February 5, 2020, the Constitutional Court of South Africa denied CPS' leave to appeal lower court judgments ordering CPS to repay additional implementation costs that SASSA paid to CPS in 2014, thereby exhausting all legal recourse for CPS in the matter. As a result, CPS' board of directors has adopted a resolution to put CPS into business rescue under South African law and has filed the required resolution with the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission. On May 18, 2020, the resolution was officially registered and business rescue practitioners were appointed. The business rescue process can lead to either a compromise with creditors and a continuation of CPS' business or the liquidation of CPS. The Company has no means of exercising any control over CPS or the business rescue process because the Company has ceded control of CPS to the business rescue practitioners on the commencement of the business rescue process. The business rescue practitioners are independent third parties and control CPS through the business rescue process. The Company no longer controls CPS and therefore it determined to deconsolidate CPS. As a practical matter, the Company deconsolidated CPS as of May 31, 2020. The Company does not believe that the utilization of this date, compared to May 18, 2020, has had a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Dispositions (continued)

2020 Dispositions (continued)

May 2020 deconsolidation of CPS

On March 26, 2020, CPS' holding company, Net1 SA, submitted a filing to Gauteng Division of the High Court of South Africa ("High Court") under which it commenced a process to place CPS into business rescue due to administrative delays experienced in the CPS business rescue application process. Net1 SA proposed in its March 2020 High Court filing that it was willing to contribute ZAR 50.0 million ($2.9 million translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020) into CPS if CPS and SASSA reached a settlement on their claims and counterclaims. Given that SASSA is contesting the CPS business rescue process, the Company does not believe that it, through Net1 SA, will be required to make the investment of ZAR 50.0 million and therefore it has not recorded a liability as of June 30, 2020.

The Company will provide accounting, tax and general administrative services to CPS while it is in business rescue. In addition, the Company has an arrangement with CPS to rent certain bespoke payment vehicles from CPS, and this arrangement will continue while CPS is in business rescue. The value of these arrangements is not significant and has been determined on an arm's length basis. The table below presents the impact of the deconsolidation of CPS and the calculation of the net loss recognized on deconsolidation:

CPS
|  |  |  |  | May
|  |  |  |  | 2020
Fair value of consideration received | $ | -
Less: carrying value of CPS, comprising |  | (68)
| Cash and cash equivalents |  | 328
| Accounts receivable, net |  | 303
| Inventory |  | 12
| Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 236
| Goodwill (Note 11) |  | -
| Deferred income taxes assets (Note 19) |  | -
| Accounts payable |  | (238)
| Other payables |  | (33,160)
| Released from accumulated other comprehensive income - foreign currency translation reserve (Note 16) |  | 32,451
|  | Loss recognized on deconsolidation, before tax |  | 68
|  | Intercompany accounts written off/ provided for(1) |  | 7,216
|  | Taxes related to loss recognized on deconsolidation, comprising: |  | -
|  |  | Capital loss generated upon deconsolidation(2) |  | 5,399
|  |  | Valuation allowance related to capital losses generated upon deconsolidation(2) |  | (5,399)
|  |  |  | Loss recognized on deconsolidation, after tax | $ | 7,148

(1) Certain of the Company's subsidiaries had funds due from CPS as of May 31, 2020. The Company has written these amounts off as it does not believe that they are recoverable.

(2) The Company recorded a deferred tax asset related to the capital loss generated on deconsolidation of CPS. The Company is only able to claim the capital loss for South African capital gains tax purposes once it deregisters or disposes of its interest in CPS. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance related to the full CPS capital loss deferred tax asset recognized because it does not believe that this capital loss will be utilized in the foreseeable future.

2019 Dispositions

March 2019 disposal of DNI

On February 28, 2019, the Company through its wholly owned subsidiary, Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited ("Net1 SA"), entered into a transaction with JAA Holdings Proprietary Limited, a limited liability private company duly incorporated in the Republic of South Africa, and PK Gain Investment Holdings Proprietary Limited, a limited liability private company duly incorporated in the Republic of South Africa, in terms of which Net1 SA reduced its shareholding in DNI from 55% to 38%. The transaction closed on March 31, 2019. The parties used a cashless settlement process on closing, refer to Note 21. Net1 SA used the proceeds from the sale of the DNI shares to settle its ZAR 400 million ($27.6 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of March 31, 2019, obligation to DNI to subscribe for an additional share as part of the contingent consideration settlement process. The Company no longer controlled DNI and deconsolidated its investment in DNI effective March 31, 2019.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Dispositions (continued)

2020 Dispositions (continued)

March 2019 disposal of DNI (continued)

The table below presents the impact of the deconsolidation of DNI and the calculation of the net loss recognized on deconsolidation:

DNI (as restated, refer to Note 1)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Equity method investment as of June 30, 2019 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 17% sold |  | 8% retained interest sold in May 2019 |  | 30% retained interest |  | Attributed to non-controlling interest
Fair value of consideration received |  | $ | 27,626 |  | $ | 27,626 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | -
Fair value of retained interest in DNI(1) |  |  | 74,195 |  |  | - |  |  | 14,849 |  |  | 59,346 |  |  | -
Carrying value of non-controlling interest |  |  | 88,934 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 88,934
Subtotal |  |  | 190,755 |  |  | 27,626 |  |  | 14,849 |  |  | 59,346 |  |  | 88,934
Less: carrying value of DNI, comprising |  |  | 199,930 |  |  | 38,346 |  |  | 14,540 |  |  | 58,110 |  |  | 88,934
| Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 2,114 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 633 |  |  | 969
| Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 24,577 |  |  | 4,116 |  |  | 1,841 |  |  | 7,358 |  |  | 11,262
| Finance loans receivable, net |  |  | 1,030 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 472
| Inventory |  |  | 893 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 410
| Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 379 |  |  | 579
| Equity-accounted investments |  |  | 242 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 110
| Goodwill |  |  | 113,003 |  |  | 18,924 |  |  | 8,466 |  |  | 33,834 |  |  | 51,779
| Intangible assets, net |  |  | 80,769 |  |  | 13,526 |  |  | 6,051 |  |  | 24,183 |  |  | 37,009
| Deferred income taxes |  |  | 28 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 13
| Other long-term assets |  |  | 26,553 |  |  | 4,447 |  |  | 1,989 |  |  | 7,950 |  |  | 12,167
| Accounts payable |  |  | (5,186) |  |  | (868) |  |  | (389) |  |  | (1,553) |  |  | (2,376)
| Other payables(2) |  |  | (16,484) |  |  | (2,760) |  |  | (1,235) |  |  | (4,936) |  |  | (7,553)
| Income taxes payable |  |  | (2,482) |  |  | (416) |  |  | (186) |  |  | (743) |  |  | (1,137)
| Deferred income taxes |  |  | (22,083) |  |  | (3,698) |  |  | (1,654) |  |  | (6,612) |  |  | (10,119)
| Long-term debt |  |  | (10,150) |  |  | (1,700) |  |  | (760) |  |  | (3,039) |  |  | (4,651)
| Released from accumulated other comprehensive income - foreign currency translation reserve (as restated) (Note 1 and Note 16) |  |  | 5,841 |  |  | 5,841 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | -
|  | Loss recognized on disposal, before tax, comprising |  |  | (9,175) |  |  | (10,720) |  |  | 309 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  | -
|  |  | Related to sale of 17% of DNI |  |  | (10,720) |  |  | (10,720) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  |
|  |  | Related to fair value adjustment of retained interest in 38% of DNI |  |  | 1,545 |  |  | - |  |  | 309 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  |
|  |  | Taxes related to gain recognized on disposal(3) |  |  | - |  |  | 505 |  |  | (3,836) |  |  | 3,331 |  |  |
|  |  |  | Loss recognized on disposal of discontinued operation, after tax (as restated) |  | $ | (9,175) |  | $ | (11,225) |  | $ | 4,145 |  | $ | (2,095) |  |  |

(1) The fair value of the retained interest in 38% of DNI of $74.2 million ($14.9 million plus $59.3 million) has been calculated using the implied fair value of DNI pursuant to the RMB Disposal and has been calculated as ZAR 215.0 million divided by 7.605235% multiplied by 38%, translated to dollars at the March 31, 2019, rate of exchange.

(2) Other payables include a short-term loan of ZAR 60.5 million ($4.3 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2019) due to the Company. The short-term loan is included in accounts receivable, net and other receivables on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019. The loan was repaid in full on July 31, 2019. Interest on the loan was charged at the South African prime rate.

(3) Amounts presented are net of a valuation allowance provided. The disposal of DNI resulted in a capital loss for tax purposes of approximately $1.5 million and the Company provided a valuation allowance of $1.5 million against this capital loss because it did not have any capital gains to offset against this amount at the time. On an individual basis, the transaction to dispose of 17% of DNI resulted in a capital gain of $0.5 million and the re-measurement of the retained 38% interest has resulted in a capital loss of $2.0 million ($5.3 million (8% transaction) less $3.3 million (30% transaction)). The valuation allowance of $1.5 million was provided against the $5.3 million, for a net amount presented in the table above of $3.8 million ($5.3 million less $1.5 million).

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Dispositions (continued)

2018 Dispositions

None.

Discontinued operations

Discontinued operations - Net1 Korea and DNI

The Company determined that, following the disposal of its controlling interest in Net1 Korea and DNI, these entities should be classified as a discontinued operation because they individually represented a strategic shift in the Company business that would have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results. The facts and circumstances leading to the disposal of Net1 Korea and DNI are described above. The gain related to the disposal of Net1 Korea and the loss related to the disposal of DNI are presented above. Net1 Korea, as a stand-alone holding company, and the amortization of intangible assets identified and recognized related to the KSNET acquisition, were allocated to corporate/eliminations and Net1 Korea's subsidiaries, including KSNET, were allocated to the Company's international transaction processing operating segment. Net1 Korea did not have any equity method investments or any non-controlling interests. DNI was allocated to the Company's financial inclusion and applied technologies operating segment and the amortization of intangible assets identified and recognized related to the DNI acquisition were allocated to corporate/eliminations. The impact of the disposal of a controlling interest in Net1 Korea and DNI on the Company's operating segments is presented in Note 22.

The Company retained a continuing involvement in DNI through its 38% interest in DNI (refer to Note 10) following the March 31, 2019, transaction disclosed above. As disclosed in Note 10, the Company sold an 8% interest in DNI in May 2019, and entered into an agreement under which it provided a call option to DNI to repurchase the then remaining 30% interest in DNI. The Company recorded earnings under the equity method related to its retained investment in DNI during the three months ended June 30, 2019, refer to Note 10. The table below presents revenues and expenses between the Company and DNI, after the DNI disposal transaction, during the year ended June 30, 2020 (i.e. for the nine months ended March 31, 2020), and 2019 (i.e. for the three months ended June 30, 2019), respectively:

DNI |
|  | Years ended June 30, |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |
Revenue generated from transactions with DNI | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Expenses incurred related to transactions with DNI | $ | 2,902 |  | $ | 63 |

Refer to Note 10 for the dividends received from DNI and accounted for under the equity method during the year ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Discontinued operations (continued)

Discontinued operations - Net1 Korea and DNI (continued)

The table below presents the Net1 Korea balances included on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2019, translated at the foreign exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2019:

Net1 Korea |
|  |  |  |  | June 30, |
|  |  |  |  | 2019 |
Current assets of discontinued operation | $ | 117,842 |
| Cash and cash equivalents |  | 26,051 |
| Accounts receivable, net |  | 41,359 |
| Finance loans receivable, net |  | 9,650 |
| Inventory |  | 1,826 |
| Settlement assets |  | 38,956 |
Long-term assets of discontinued operation |  | 149,390 |
| Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 10,327 |
| Goodwill (Note 11) |  | 112,071 |
| Intangible assets, net |  | 9,661 |
| Deferred income taxes assets |  | 1,917 |
| Other long-term assets |  | 15,414 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operation |  | 57,815 |
| Accounts payable |  | 7,139 |
| Other payables |  | 6,827 |
| Income taxes payable |  | 4,893 |
| Settlement liabilities |  | 38,956 |
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operation |  | 3,264 |
| Deferred income taxes liabilities |  | 2,756 |
| Other long-term liabilities | $ | 508 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

3. ACQUISITIONS, DISPOSITIONS AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (continued)

Discontinued operations (continued)

Discontinued operations - Net1 Korea and DNI (continued)

The table below presents certain major captions to the Company's consolidated statement of operations and consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, that have not been separately presented on those statements related to the presentation of Net1 Korea and DNI as discontinued operations:

|  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  | Total (Net1 Korea) |  | Total |  |  | Net1 Korea |  | DNI |  |  | Total |  |  | Net1 Korea |  | DNI |
Consolidated statement of operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Discontinued: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Revenue | $ | 85,375 |  | $ | 194,763 |  |  | $ | 138,426 |  | $ | 56,337 |  |  | $ | 153,314 |  |  | $ | 153,314 |  | $ | - |
|  | Cost of goods sold, IT processing, servicing and support |  | 37,377 |  |  | 85,652 |  |  |  | 57,984 |  |  | 27,668 |  |  |  | 60,982 |  |  |  | 60,982 |  |  | - |
|  | Selling, general and administration |  | 30,562 |  |  | 57,136 |  |  |  | 53,479 |  |  | 3,657 |  |  |  | 57,567 |  |  |  | 57,567 |  |  | - |
|  | Depreciation and amortization |  | 8,652 |  |  | 25,246 |  |  |  | 17,220 |  |  | 8,026 |  |  |  | 25,011 |  |  |  | 25,011 |  |  | - |
|  | Impairment loss |  | - |  |  | 5,305 |  |  |  | - |  |  | 5,305 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | - |
|  | Operating income |  | 8,784 |  |  | 21,424 |  |  |  | 9,743 |  |  | 11,681 |  |  |  | 9,754 |  |  |  | 9,754 |  |  | - |
|  | Interest income |  | 678 |  |  | 1,805 |  |  |  | 1,098 |  |  | 707 |  |  |  | 1,040 |  |  |  | 1,040 |  |  | - |
|  | Interest expense |  | 106 |  |  | 864 |  |  |  | 52 |  |  | 812 |  |  |  | 372 |  |  |  | 372 |  |  | - |
|  | Net income before tax |  | 9,356 |  |  | 22,365 |  |  |  | 10,789 |  |  | 11,576 |  |  |  | 10,422 |  |  |  | 10,422 |  |  | - |
|  | Income tax expense |  | 2,954 |  |  | 8,750 |  |  |  | 4,989 |  |  | 3,761 |  |  |  | 2,868 |  |  |  | 2,868 |  |  | - |
|  | Net income before earnings from equity-accounted investments |  | 6,402 |  |  | 13,615 |  |  |  | 5,800 |  |  | 7,815 |  |  |  | 7,554 |  |  |  | 7,554 |  |  | - |
|  | Earnings from equity-accounted investments(1) |  | - |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | - |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 7,005 |  |  |  | - |  |  | 7,005 |
|  | Net income from discontinued operations | $ | 6,402 |  | $ | 13,630 |  |  | $ | 5,800 |  | $ | 7,830 |  |  | $ | 14,559 |  |  | $ | 7,554 |  | $ | 7,005 |
Consolidated statement of cash flows |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Discontinued: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Total net cash provided by operating activities(2)(3) | $ | 3,758 |  | $ | 11,976 |  |  | $ | 5,341 |  | $ | 6,635 |  |  | $ | 25,939 |  |  | $ | 24,174 |  | $ | 1,765 |
|  | Total net cash provided by (used) in investing activities | $ | 1,524 |  | $ | (6,816) |  |  | $ | (6,300) |  | $ | (516) |  |  | $ | (8,270) |  |  | $ | (8,270) |  | $ | - |

(1) Earnings from equity-accounted investments for the year ended June 30, 2018, represents DNI earnings (net of amortization of acquired intangibles and related deferred tax) attributed to the Company as a result of the Company using the equity method to account for its investment in DNI during the period (refer to Note 10).

(2) Total net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2019, includes dividends received of $0.9 million (refer to Note 10) from DNI while it was accounted for using the equity method during the three months ended June 30, 2019.

(3) Total net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2018, represents dividends received from DNI during the period.

The Company retained a continuing involvement in DNI following the March 2019 disposal, refer to Note 10. The Company recorded earnings under the equity method related to its retained investment in DNI during the nine months ended March 31, 2020, and the three months ended June 30, 2019, refer to Note 10.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

4. PRE-FUNDED SOCIAL WELFARE GRANTS RECEIVABLE

Pre-funded social welfare grants receivable represents primarily amounts pre-funded by the Company to certain merchants participating in the merchant acquiring system. The Company's contract with the South African Social Security Agency expired on September 30, 2018, and therefore the Company no longer pre-funds social welfare grants. The July 2018 payment service commenced on July 1, 2018 but the Company pre-funded certain merchants participating in the merchant acquiring systems on the last day of June 2018.

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, net AND OTHER RECEIVABLES and FINANCE LOANS RECEIVABLE, net

Accounts receivable, net and other receivables

The Company's accounts receivable, net, and other receivables as of June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, are presented in the table below:

|  |  |  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Accounts receivable, trade, net | $ |  | 8,458 |  |  | $ |  | 12,637 |  |
Accounts receivable, trade, gross |  |  | 8,711 |  |  |  |  | 13,298 |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts receivable, end of period |  |  | 253 |  |  |  |  | 661 |  |
| Beginning of period |  |  | 661 |  |  |  |  | 678 |  |
| Reversed to statement of operations |  |  | (155) |  |  |  |  | (22) |  |
| Charged to statement of operations |  |  | 181 |  |  |  |  | 3,118 |  |
| Utilized |  |  | (151) |  |  |  |  | (3,059) |  |
| Deconsolidation |  |  | (178) |  |  |  |  | (38) |  |
| Foreign currency adjustment |  |  | (105) |  |  |  |  | (16) |  |
Taxes refundable related to sale of Net1 Korea (Note 3) |  |  | 19,796 |  |  |  |  | - |  |
Loans provided to Carbon |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |
Current portion of amount outstanding related to sale of remaining interest in DNI (Note 10) |  |  | 2,756 |  |  |  |  | - |  |
Loan provided to DNI |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | 4,260 |  |
Other receivables |  |  | 9,058 |  |  |  |  | 11,238 |  |
| Total accounts receivable, net | $ |  | 43,068 |  |  | $ |  | 31,135 |  |

Accounts receivable, trade, gross includes amounts due from customers from the provision of transaction processing services, from the sale of hardware, software licenses and SIM cards and rentals from POS equipment. The Company did not record any bad debt expense during the year ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and bad debts incurred were written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts receivable. During the year ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded bad debt expense of $0.1 million.

The loan provided to Carbon was scheduled to be repaid before June 30, 2020, however, Carbon requested a payment holiday as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business. The parties had not agreed new repayment terms as of June 30, 2020, but the Company acknowledges these unexpected challenges currently facing Carbon and continues to engage with Carbon to agree a revised repayment date. The Company does not believe that the loan provided to Carbon is impaired. The current portion of amount outstanding related to sale of remaining interest in DNI as of June 30, 2020, relates to the transaction completed in April 2020 (refer to Note 10). The loan provided to DNI as of June 30, 2019, was repaid in full in July 2019. Other receivables include prepayments, deposits and other receivables.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, net AND OTHER RECEIVABLES and FINANCE LOANS RECEIVABLE, net (continued)

Finance loans receivable, net

The Company's finance loans receivable, net, as of June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019, is presented in the table below:

|  |  |  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |
|  |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |
Microlending finance loans receivable, net | $ |  | 15,879 |  |  | $ |  | 20,981 |  |  |
Microlending finance loans receivable, gross |  |  | 17,737 |  |  |  |  | 24,180 |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable, end of period |  |  | 1,858 |  |  |  |  | 3,199 |  |  |
| Beginning of period |  |  | 3,199 |  |  |  |  | 4,239 |  |  |
| Reversed to statement of operations |  |  | (492) |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |
| Charged to statement of operations |  |  | 1,211 |  |  |  |  | 28,802 |  |  |
| Utilized |  |  | (1,451) |  |  |  |  | (29,721) |  |  |
| Foreign currency adjustment |  |  | (609) |  |  |  |  | (121) |  |  |
Working capital finance loans receivable, net |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |
Working capital finance loans receivable, gross |  |  | 5,800 |  |  |  |  | 5,800 |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful finance loans receivable, end of period |  |  | 5,800 |  |  |  |  | 5,800 |  |  |
| Beginning of period |  |  | 5,800 |  |  |  |  | 12,037 |  |  |
| Charged to statement of operations |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | 748 |  |  |
| Utilized |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | (6,985) |  |  |
| Total accounts receivable, net | $ |  | 15,879 |  |  | $ |  | 20,981 |  |  |

Total finance loans receivable, net, comprises microlending finance loans receivable related to the Company's microlending operations in South Africa. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded an increase in its allowance for doubtful microlending finance loans receivable of approximately $28.8 million. This high level of allowance related to the non-funding of accounts for a portion of the EPE customer base as a result of the auto-migration of the customer base to the South Africa Post Office account offering during the three months ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company utilized $29.7 million of this allowance for doubtful microlending finance loans receivable.

Gross microlending finance loans receivable as of June 30, 2020, were lower than as of June 30, 2019, partially due to the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's microlending business. The Company was unable to originate loans in April and early May 2020, and therefore the lending book reduced significantly as customers made scheduled repayments. The lending book has subsequently increased through August 2020 as the Company recommenced loan originations from mid-May 2020.

During the year ended June 30, 2018, the Company exited its working capital finance businesses in Europe and the United States. The Company created an allowance for doubtful working capital finance receivables related to receivables due from customers based in the United States during the year ended June 30, 2018, and utilized approximately $6.8 million of this allowance during the year ended June 30, 2019. The Company commenced legal proceedings against the customer in 2018. The customer is engaged in bankruptcy proceedings and the Company has to wait for these proceedings to be finalized before it can determine the amount, if any, of this receivable that is recoverable.

6. INVENTORY

The Company's inventory comprised the following categories as of June 30, 2020, and 2019.

|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Finished goods | $ | 15,618 |  | $ | 5,709 |
Finished goods subject to sale restrictions |  | 4,242 |  |  | - |
| $ | 19,860 |  | $ | 5,709 |

Finished goods subject to sale restrictions represents airtime inventory purchased in March 2020, that may only be sold by the Company from October 1, 2020.

In light of the current dynamics in the wholesale airtime inventory market, the Company believes the net realizable value of certain airtime inventory held as of June 30, 2020, measured at amounts reflecting existing market conditions, was below its cost. Accordingly, the Company recorded a loss of $1.3 million during the year ended June 30, 2020, related to this airtime inventory.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

7. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Fair value of financial instruments

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial instruments are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the transaction. Initial measurements are at cost, which includes transaction costs.

Risk management

The Company manages its exposure to currency exchange, translation, interest rate, customer concentration, credit and equity price and liquidity risks as discussed below.

Currency exchange risk

The Company is subject to currency exchange risk because it purchases inventories that it is required to settle in other currencies, primarily the euro and U.S. dollar. The Company has used forward contracts in order to limit its exposure in these transactions to fluctuations in exchange rates between the South African rand ("ZAR"), on the one hand, and the U.S. dollar and the euro, on the other hand.

Translation risk

Translation risk relates to the risk that the Company's results of operations will vary significantly as the U.S. dollar is its reporting currency, but it earns a significant amount of its revenues and incurs a significant amount of its expenses in ZAR and, prior to the sale of its Korean business, in Korean won ("KRW"). The U.S. dollar to both the ZAR and KRW exchange rates has fluctuated significantly over the past three years. The Company's translation risk exposure to KRW reduced significantly following the disposal of Net1 Korea in March 2020, refer to Note 3. The Company does not expect any significant translation risk related to KRW from March 2020. As exchange rates are outside the Company's control, there can be no assurance that future fluctuations will not adversely affect the Company's results of operations and financial condition.

Interest rate risk

As a result of its normal borrowing and lending activities, the Company's operating results are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates, which it manages primarily through regular financing activities. The Company generally maintains investments in cash equivalents and held to maturity investments.

Credit risk

Credit risk relates to the risk of loss that the Company would incur as a result of non-performance by counterparties. The Company maintains credit risk policies with regard to its counterparties to minimize overall credit risk. These policies include an evaluation of a potential counterparty's financial condition, credit rating, and other credit criteria and risk mitigation tools as the Company's management deems appropriate. With respect to credit risk on financial instruments, the Company maintains a policy of entering into such transactions only with South African, South Korean and European financial institutions that have a credit rating of "B" (or its equivalent) or better, as determined by credit rating agencies such as Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch Ratings.

Microlending credit risk

The Company is exposed to credit risk in its microlending activities, which provide unsecured short-term loans to qualifying customers. The Company manages this risk by performing an affordability test for each prospective customer and assigning a "creditworthiness score", which takes into account a variety of factors such as other debts and total expenditures on normal household and lifestyle expenses.

Equity price and liquidity risk

Equity price risk relates to the risk of loss that the Company would incur as a result of the volatility in the exchange-traded price of equity securities that it holds and the risk that it may not be able to liquidate these securities. The market price of these securities may fluctuate for a variety of reasons and, consequently, the amount that the Company may obtain in a subsequent sale of these securities may significantly differ from the reported market value.

Liquidity risk relates to the risk of loss that the Company would incur as a result of the lack of liquidity on the exchange on which these securities are listed. The Company may not be able to sell some or all of these securities at one time, or over an extended period of time without influencing the exchange traded price, or at all.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

7. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

Financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. The fair value should be calculated based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, not on assumptions specific to the entity. In addition, the fair value of liabilities should include consideration of non-performance risk including the Company's own credit risk.

Fair value measurements and inputs are categorized into a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of the three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.

These levels are:

- Level 1 - inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

- Level 2 - inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

- Level 3 - inputs are generally unobservable and typically reflect management's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The fair values are therefore determined using model-based techniques that include option pricing models, discounted cash flow models, and similar techniques.

The following section describes the valuation methodologies the Company uses to measure its significant financial assets and liabilities at fair value.

Asset measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs - investment in Cell C

The Company's Level 3 asset represents an investment of 75,000,000 class "A" shares in Cell C, a significant mobile telecoms provider in South Africa. The Company used a discounted cash flow model developed by the Company to determine the fair value of its investment in Cell C and valued its investment at $0.0(zero) as of each of June 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company believes the Cell C business plan utilized in the Company's valuation is reasonable based on the current performance and the expected changes in Cell C's business model. The Company utilized the latest business plan provided by Cell C management for the period ending December 31, 2024, and the following key valuation inputs were used as of June 30, 2020 and 2019:

Weighted Average Cost of Capital: | Between 15% and 21% over the period of the forecast
Long term growth rate: | 3% (4,5% as of June 30, 2019)
Marketability discount: | 10%
Minority discount: | 15%
Net adjusted external debt - June 30, 2020:(1) | ZAR 15,8 billion ($0,9 billion), includes R4,4 billion of lease liabilities
Net adjusted external debt - June 30, 2019:(2) | ZAR 13,9 billion ($1 billion), includes R6,4 billion of lease liabilities
Deferred tax (incl. assessed tax losses) - June 30, 2020:(1) | ZAR 2,9 billion ($167,3 million)
Deferred tax (incl. assessed tax losses) - June 30, 2019:(2) | ZAR 2,9 billion ($205,9 million)

(1) translated from ZAR to U.S. dollars at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020.

(2) translated from ZAR to U.S. dollars at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2019.

The fair value of Cell C as of June 30, 2020, utilizing the discounted cash flow valuation model developed by the Company is sensitive to the following inputs: (i) the ability of Cell C to achieve the forecasts in their business case; (ii) the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") rate used; and (iii) the minority and marketability discount used. Utilization of different inputs, or changes to these inputs, may result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

7. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

Asset measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs - investment in Cell C (continued)

The following table presents the impact on the carrying value of the Company's Cell C investment of a 3.0% increase and 2.0% decrease in the WACC rate and the EBITDA margins used in the Cell C valuation on June 30, 2020, all amounts translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020:

Sensitivity for fair value of Cell C investment |  | 3.0% increase(A) |  |  | 2.0% decrease(A) |
WACC rate | $ | - |  | $ | 1,680 |
EBITDA margin | $ | 2,528 |  | $ | - |

(A) the carrying value of the Cell C investment is not impacted by a 1.0% increase or a 1.0% decrease and therefore the impact of a 3.0% increase and a 2.0% decrease is presented.

The fair value of the Cell C shares as of June 30, 2020, represented approximately 0% of the Company's total assets, including these shares. The Company expects to hold these shares for an extended period of time and that there will be short-term equity price volatility with respect to these shares particularly given the current situation of Cell C's business.

Liability measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs - DNI contingent consideration

The salient terms of the Company's investment in DNI is described in Note 3. Under the terms of its subscription agreements with DNI, the Company agreed to pay to DNI an additional amount of up to ZAR 400.0 million ($27.6 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2019), in cash, subject to the achievement of certain performance targets by DNI. The Company expected to pay the additional amount during the first quarter of the year ended June 30, 2020, and recorded an amount of ZAR 373.6 million ($27.2 million), in long-term liabilities as of June 30, 2018, which amount represented the present value of the ZAR 400.0 million to be paid (amounts translated at the exchange rate applicable as of June 30, 2018, respectively). As described in Note 3 and Note 21, the Company settled the ZAR 400 million ($27.6 million) due to DNI as of March 31, 2019. The Company recorded accreted interest during the year ended June 30, 2019, of $1.8 million (ZAR 26.4 million, translated at the applicable average exchange rates during the periods specified).

Derivative transactions - Foreign exchange contracts

As part of the Company's risk management strategy, the Company enters into derivative transactions to mitigate exposures to foreign currencies using foreign exchange contracts. These foreign exchange contracts are over-the-counter derivative transactions. Substantially all of the Company's derivative exposures are with counterparties that have long-term credit ratings of "B" (or equivalent) or better. The Company uses quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities to determine fair value (Level 2). The Company has no derivatives that require fair value measurement under Level 1 or 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company had no outstanding foreign exchange contracts as of June 30, 2020, or June 30, 2019.

The following table presents the Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020, according to the fair value hierarchy:

|  |  | Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Cell C | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Related to insurance business: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (included in other long-term assets) |  | 490 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 490 |
| Fixed maturity investments (included in cash and cash equivalents) |  | 4,198 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 4,198 |
| Total assets at fair value | $ | 4,688 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 4,688 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

7. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

The following table presents the Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019, according to the fair value hierarchy:

|  |  | Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  |  | Total |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Cell C | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Related to insurance business |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Cash and cash equivalents (included in other long-term assets) |  | 619 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 619 |
| Fixed maturity investments (included in cash and cash equivalents) |  | 5,201 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 5,201 |
| Total assets at fair value | $ | 5,820 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 5,820 |

There have been no transfers in or out of Level 3 during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

There was no movement in the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and categorized within Level 3, during the years ended June 30, 2020. Summarized below is the movement in the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and categorized within Level 3, during the year ended June 30, 2020:

|  |  |  | Carrying value |
Assets |  |  |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | - |
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | - |
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | - |

(1) The foreign currency adjustment represents the effects of the fluctuations of the South African rand and the U.S. dollar on the carrying value.

Summarized below is the movement in the carrying value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, and categorized within Level 3, during the year ended June 30, 2019:

|  |  |  | Carrying value |
Assets |  |  |
Balance as at June 30, 2018 | $ | 172,948 |
| Loss on fair value re-measurements |  | (167,459 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (5,489 | )
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | - |
Liabilities |  |  |
Balance as at June 30, 2018 | $ | 27,222 |
| Accretion of interest |  | 1,848 |
| Settlement of contingent consideration |  | (27,626 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (1,444 | )
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | - |

(1) The foreign currency adjustment represents the effects of the fluctuations of the South African rand and the U.S. dollar on the carrying value.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

7. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued)

Financial instruments (continued)

Trade, finance loans and other receivables

Trade, finance loans and other receivables originated by the Company are stated at cost less allowance for doubtful accounts receivable. The fair value of trade, finance loans and other receivables approximates their carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Trade and other payables

The fair values of trade and other payables approximates their carrying amounts, due to their short-term nature.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

The Company measures equity investments without readily determinable fair values at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair values of these investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparables, and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the cost of the asset exceeds its fair value and the excess is determined to be other-than-temporary. The Company has not recorded any impairment charges during the reporting periods presented herein. The Company has no liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, net

Summarized below is the cost, accumulated depreciation and carrying amount of property, plant and equipment as of June 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  |  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cost |  |  |  |  |  |
| Computer equipment | $ | 26,575 |  | $ | 37,719 |
| Furniture and office equipment |  | 7,732 |  |  | 9,788 |
| Motor vehicles |  | 1,873 |  |  | 16,147 |
|  | $ | 36,180 |  | $ | 63,654 |
Accumulated depreciation: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Computer equipment |  | 22,810 |  |  | 32,707 |
| Furniture and office equipment |  | 5,101 |  |  | 7,738 |
| Motor vehicles |  | 1,613 |  |  | 14,982 |
|  | $ | 29,524 |  | $ | 55,427 |
Carrying amount: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Computer equipment |  | 3,765 |  |  | 5,012 |
| Furniture and office equipment |  | 2,631 |  |  | 2,050 |
| Motor vehicles |  | 260 |  |  | 1,165 |
|  | $ | 6,656 |  | $ | 8,227 |

9. LEASES

Adoption of new lease guidance on July 1, 2019

The Company elected to adopt the new lease guidance utilizing the modified retrospective approach and therefore, prior periods were not adjusted. The Company was not required to record a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings as of July 1, 2019. The Company applied the package of three practical expedients available, which included the following (i) an entity need not reassess expired or existing contracts which are or contain leases (ii) an entity need not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (iii) an entity need not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company also elected to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of less than twelve months and to account for all components in a lease arrangement as a single combined lease component.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

9. LEASES (continued)

Adoption of new lease guidance on July 1, 2019 (continued)

The Company has entered into leasing arrangements classified as operating leases under accounting guidance. These leasing arrangements relate primarily to the lease of its corporate head office, administration offices and branch locations through which the Company operates its financial services business in South Africa and its transaction processing activities in Malta. The Company's operating leases have a remaining lease term of between one to six years. The Company's lease of property in Malta includes five separate one-year options to extend the lease, which effectively extends the lease term from three years to eight years. At lease inception, the Company expected to exercise these options and these options are included as part of its right-of-use assets and liabilities. The Company also operates parts of its financial services business from locations which it leases for a period of less than one year.

The Company's operating lease expense during the year ended June 30, 2020, was $3.6 million. The Company does not have any significant leases that have not commenced as of June 30, 2020.

The Company has entered into short-term leasing arrangements, primarily for the lease of branch locations and other locations to operate its financial services business in South Africa. The Company's short-term lease expense during the year ended June 30, 2020, was $4.2 million.

The following table presents supplemental balance sheet disclosure related to our right-of-use assets and our operating leases liabilities as of June 30, 2020 and July 1, 2019, the date of adoption of the new lease guidance (refer to Note 1):

|  | June 30, |  |  | July 1, |
|  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases |  | $ | 2,974 |  | $ | 6,739 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  |  | 3.94 |  |  | 2.51 |
Weighted average discount rate |  |  | 9% |  |  | 10% |
Maturities of operating lease liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  | $ | 2,622 |  | $ | 3,608 |
2022 |  |  | 1,525 |  |  | 2,395 |
2023 |  |  | 961 |  |  | 1,269 |
2024 |  |  | 639 |  |  | 454 |
2025 |  |  | 320 |  |  | - |
Thereafter |  |  | 321 |  |  | - |
Total undiscounted operating lease liabilities |  |  | 6,388 |  |  | 7,726 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | 825 |  |  | 842 |
Total operating lease liabilities, included in |  |  | 5,563 |  |  | 6,884 |
Operating lease right-of-use lease liability - current |  |  | 2,251 |  |  | 5,098 |
Right-of-use operating lease liability - long-term |  | $ | 3,312 |  | $ | 1,786 |

Operating lease payments related to premises and equipment were $10.6 million and $9.6 million, respectively, for the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At June 30, 2019, the future minimum payments under operating leases consist of:

Due within 1 year | $ | 6,010 |
Due within 2 years |  | 2,654 |
Due within 3 years |  | 1,122 |
Due within 4 years |  | 518 |
Due within 5 years | $ | - |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS

Equity-accounted investments

The Company's ownership percentage in its equity-accounted investments as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, was as follows:

| June 30, |  | June 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Bank Frick & Co AG ("Bank Frick") | 35% |  | 35%
DNI | - |  | 30%
Finbond Group Limited ("Finbond") | 31% |  | 29%
Carbon Tech Limited ("Carbon"), formerly OneFi Limited | 25% |  | 25%
Revix ("Revix") | 25% |  | -
SmartSwitch Namibia (Pty) Ltd ("SmartSwitch Namibia") | 50% |  | 50%
V2 Limited ("V2") | 50% |  | 50%
Walletdoc Proprietary Limited ("Walletdoc") | 20% |  | 20%

DNI

As of June 30, 2019, the Company owned 30% of the voting and economic rights of DNI. In February 2020, the Company's ownership percentage in DNI reduced from approximately 30% to 27% following the issuance by DNI of additional ordinary no par value shares. The Company did not acquire additional ordinary shares in DNI and therefore its ownership percentage was diluted. The terms and conditions of the option referred to below were unaffected by the additional issuance by DNI. The Company sold its remaining interest in DNI in April 2020.

Sale of remaining interest in April 2020

In May 2019, Net1 Applied Technologies South Africa Proprietary Limited ("Net1 SA") granted an option to DNI, or its nominee, to acquire the 30,394,765 DNI shares Net1 SA held. The option strike price was calculated as ZAR 2.827 billion ($158.0 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of March 31, 2020) less any special distribution made by DNI multiplied by Net1 SA's retained interest (i.e. assuming no special distribution, the strike price for the retained interest is ZAR 859.3 million, or $48.0 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020). It was permissible for the call option to be split into smaller denominations, but Net1 SA could not be left with less than 20% unless the whole remaining interest was disposed of. DNI was entitled to nominate another party to exercise the call option in the place of DNI, provided that the nominated party acquires call options representing at least 2.5% of DNI's voting and participation interests.

The option was exercised on March 31, 2020. DNI nominated MIC Investment Holdings Proprietary Limited ("MIC") to exercise a portion of the option to acquire 26,886,310 of the 30,394,765 DNI shares for ZAR 760.0 million ($42.5 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of March 31, 2020) from Net1 SA. The transaction closed on April 1, 2020 and MIC settled the option consideration in cash. On March 31, 2020, and together with the MIC transaction, DNI exercised a portion of the option to acquire the remaining 3,508,455 DNI shares from Net1 SA for ZAR 99.2 million ($5.5 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of March 31, 2020) through the issue of a note to Net1 SA. The transaction also closed on April 1, 2020.

The note is unsecured. The note principal is repayable in 18 equal monthly installments of ZAR 5.5 million ($0.3 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020) commencing on October 31, 2020. Interest is charged at a fixed rate of 7.25% per annum and accrues monthly from October 1, 2020 and is repayable together with the principal payments. The Company adjusted the 12-month JIBAR interest rate of 6.33% quoted by Rand Merchant Bank by 0.30% to derive a 24-month rate of 6.63% which has been used to determine the present value of the ZAR 99.2 million note. The present value of the note as of March 31, 2020, using the derived interest rate and the expected cash repayments was ZAR 95.7 million ($5.4 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of March 31, 2020). The portion of the note that is expected to be repaid during the twelve months following June 30, 2020, has been included in accounts receivable, net and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 (refer to Note 5). The remaining amount (the long-term portion) has been included in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 (refer also to the section "Other long-term assets" below).

The Company incurred transaction costs of approximately $1.0 million.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS (continued)

Equity-accounted investments (continued)

DNI (continued)

Sale of remaining interest in April 2020 (continued)

The following table presents the calculation of the loss on disposal of DNI on April 1, 2020:

|  |  |  | April 1 |
| 2020 |
Loss on sale of DNI: |  |  |
Consideration received in cash on April 1, 2020 - 26,886,310 shares | $ | 42,477 |
Consideration received with note on April 1, 2020 - present value of note - 3,508,455 shares |  | 5,354 |
Less: transaction costs |  | (1,010) |
Less: carrying value of DNI |  | (36,508) |
Less: release of foreign currency translation reserve from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (11,323) |
| Loss on sale of DNI before tax |  | (1,010) |
| Taxes related to sale of DNI |  | - |
|  | Capital gains tax related to sale of DNI(1) |  | 2,475 |
|  | Utilization of capital loss carryforwards(1) |  | (2,475) |
|  |  | Loss on disposal of DNI after tax | $ | (1,010) |

(1) Net1 SA recorded a valuation allowance related to capital losses previously generated but not utilized. The Company utilized approximately $12.0 million of these unutilized capital losses as a result of the disposal of its remaining interest in DNI in April 2020 and, therefore, the equivalent portion of the valuation allowance created was released.

Sale of 8% in May 2019

On May 3, 2019, Net1 SA entered into a transaction with FirstRand Bank Limited, acting through its Rand Merchant Bank division ("RMB"), in terms of which Net1 SA reduced its shareholding in DNI from 38% to 30% through the sale of 7,605,235 ordinary "A" shares in DNI for a transaction consideration of ZAR 215.0 million ($15.0 million) (the "RMB Disposal"). The parties used a cashless settlement process on closing. The transaction closed on May 3, 2019, and the Company used the proceeds from the sale of these DNI shares and ZAR 15.0 million of its existing cash reserves to settle its outstanding long-term borrowings of ZAR 230.0 million in full.

The following table presents the calculation of the gain on disposal of DNI on May 3, 2019:

|  |  |  |  | May 2019 Disposal of 8% retained interest in DNI |
May 3, 2019 fair value of consideration received | $ | 15,011 |
| Less: equity-method interest sold (Note 10) |  | (14,996 | )
| Less: released from accumulated other comprehensive loss - foreign currency translation reserve (as restated) (Note 1 and Note 16) |  | 162 |
|  | May 2019 gain recognized on disposal, before tax |  | 177 |
|  | Capital loss related to disposal(1) |  | - |
|  |  | Gain recognized on disposal, after tax, as of May 3, 2019 | $ | 177 |

(1) The disposal of the 8% interest in DNI resulted in a capital loss for tax purposes of approximately $23.9 million and the Company provided a valuation allowance of $23.9 million against this capital loss because it did not have any capital gains to offset against this amount at the time.

DNI impairments recorded during the year ended June 30, 2020

During year ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded impairment losses of $13.1 million. These impairment losses included (i) an amount of $11.5 million related to the difference between the fair value of consideration received on April 1, 2020 following the sale of its remaining interest, and the carrying value of DNI as of March 31, 2020, which included $11.3 million included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2020, and (ii) an amount of $1.6 million representing the excess of recorded earnings from DNI over its carrying value, calculated as the amount that the Company could receive pursuant to the call option granted to DNI in May 2019.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS (continued)

Equity-accounted investments (continued)

Bank Frick

On October 2, 2019, the Company exercised its option to acquire an additional 35% interest in Bank Frick from the Frick Family Foundation. The Company had agreed to pay an amount, the "Option Price Consideration", for an additional 35% interest in Bank Frick, which represented the higher of CHF 46.4 million ($46.5 million at exchange rates on October 2, 2019) or 35% of 15 times the average annual normalized net income of the Bank over the two years ended December 31, 2018. The shares would have only transferred on payment of the Option Price Consideration, which was expected to occur on the later of (i) 180 days after the date of exercise of the option; (ii) in the event of any regulatory approvals being required, 10 days after receipt of approval (either unconditionally or on terms acceptable to both parties); and (iii) 10 days after the date on which the Option Price Consideration was agreed or finally determined. On April 9, 2020, the Company, through its wholly owned subsidiary, Net1 Holdings LI AG, entered into a termination agreement pursuant to which the option to acquire a further 35% of Bank Frick was cancelled. On April 15, 2020, the Company paid a termination fee of CHF 17.0 million ($17.5 million) to the Frick Family to cancel the option.

The Company considered the termination of the exercise of the option to acquire a further 35% of Bank Frick an impairment indicator. The Company recorded an impairment loss of $18.3 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020, related to the other-than-temporary decrease in Bank Frick's value, which represented the difference between the determined fair value of the Company's interest in Bank Frick and the Company carrying value (before the impairment). The Company, with the assistance of external consultants, considered a multiple based valuation approach in respect of the March 31, 2020 balance sheet date. The Company believes that a price to book methodology is the most appropriate for a valuing a bank, but also took into account a price earnings approach to support the primary methodology. An appropriate peer group was selected based on the activities of Bank Frick and after applying a regression analysis to compensate for differences in the return on equity in the peer group a price to book ratio of 1.15 times was determined, but the multiple ranged from 0.7 times to 4.7 times. The Company determined to use a price to book multiple of approximately 0.9 times to value its investment in Bank Frick as of March 31, 2020. The Company used a multiple at the lower end of the peer group range as a result of Bank Frick's size (based on net asset value) and product mix relative to the peer group. The Company's 35% portion of approximately 0.9 times Bank Frick's March 31, 2020, net asset value was lower than the Company's carrying value in Bank Frick as of March 31, 2020. On April 13, 2020, the Company received a cash dividend of approximately CHF 1.3 million ($1.3 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020).

Finbond

As of June 30, 2020, the Company owned 268,820,933 shares in Finbond representing approximately 30.6% of its issued and outstanding ordinary shares. Finbond is listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and its closing price on June 30, 2020, the last trading day of the month, was ZAR 2.30 per share. The market value of the Company's holding in Finbond on June 30, 2020, was ZAR 0.6 billion ($35.7 million translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020). On or about March 9, 2020, Finbond repurchased 47 million of its shares for ZAR 2.91123 per share, or a total consideration of ZAR 136.8 million, in cash, from other Finbond shareholders which resulted in an increase in the Company's shareholding in Finbond. On August 2, 2019, the Company, pursuant to its election, received an additional 1,148,901 shares in Finbond as a capitalization share issue in lieu of a dividend.

Most of South Africa's listed financial institutions have experienced significant share price volatility since June 30, 2020. Finbond's quoted market price has declined significantly since June 30, 2020. As of August 31, 2020, Finbond's quoted market price was ZAR 1.47, which indicates a fair value for Finbond as of August 31, 2020, below the Company's June 30, 2020, carrying value. The Company is unable to determine at this time whether the decline in Finbond's quoted market price is other-than-temporary and will perform an analysis, as deemed necessary, at its next reporting date

V2 Limited

In August 2019, the Company made a further equity contribution of $1.3 million to V2 Limited ("V2") and in January 2020 it made its final committed equity contribution of $1.3 million bringing the total equity contribution to $5.0 million. The Company has also committed to provide V2 with a working capital facility of $5.0 million, which is subject to the achievement of certain pre-defined objectives, and in June 2020 it provided $0.5 million to V2 under this facility. For its quarter ended March 2020, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $2.5 million, related to the other-than-temporary decrease in V2's value. The Company believed that V2's March 2020 net asset value represented its fair value because it did not have supportable forecasts available at that time to perform other valuation models, including a discounted cash flow. The carrying value of the Company's investment in V2 (before the impairment) was higher than its portion of V2's net asset value and therefore the Company recorded the impairment loss.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS (continued)

Equity-accounted investments (continued)

Summarized below is the movement in equity-accounted investments during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, which includes the investment in equity and the investment in loans provided to equity-accounted investees:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Bank Frick |  | Finbond |  | DNI |  | Other(1) |  | Total |
Investment in equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance as of June 30, 2018 - as reported |  | $ | 48,129 |  | $ | 28,982 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 5,865 |  | $ | 82,976 |
|  | Correction of Finbond error (Note 1) |  |  | - |  |  | (2,540) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (2,540) |
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2018 - as restated |  |  | 48,129 |  |  | 26,442 |  |  | - |  |  | 5,865 |  |  | 80,436 |
|  | Remeasurement of 8% of DNI (Note 3) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 14,849 |  |  | - |  |  | 14,849 |
|  | Remeasurement of 30% of DNI (Note 3) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 59,346 |  |  | - |  |  | 59,346 |
|  | Acquisition of shares |  |  | - |  |  | 1,920 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,989 |  |  | 4,909 |
|  | Stock-based compensation |  |  | - |  |  | 117 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 117 |
|  | Comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  | (1,542) |  |  | 6,870 |  |  | 865 |  |  | (684) |  |  | 5,509 |
|  |  | Other comprehensive income |  |  | - |  |  | 4,251 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 4,251 |
|  |  | Equity accounted (loss) earnings |  |  | (1,542) |  |  | 2,619 |  |  | 865 |  |  | (684) |  |  | 1,258 |
|  |  |  | Share of net income (loss) (Note 1) |  |  | 1,109 |  |  | 2,315 |  |  | 1,380 |  |  | (684) |  |  | 4,120 |
|  |  |  | Amortization of acquired intangible assets |  |  | (747) |  |  | - |  |  | (715) |  |  | - |  |  | (1,462) |
|  |  |  | Deferred taxes on acquired intangible assets |  |  | 180 |  |  | - |  |  | 200 |  |  | - |  |  | 380 |
|  |  |  | Dilution resulting from corporate transactions |  |  | - |  |  | 304 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 304 |
|  |  |  | Other |  |  | (2,084) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (2,084) |
|  | Dividends received |  |  | - |  |  | (1,920) |  |  | (864) |  |  | (454) |  |  | (3,238) |
|  | Return of investment |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (284) |  |  | (284) |
|  | Sale of 8% of DNI |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (14,996) |  |  | - |  |  | (14,996) |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment (Note 1)(2) |  |  | 653 |  |  | (818) |  |  | 1,830 |  |  | (34) |  |  | 1,631 |
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | 47,240 |  |  | 32,611 |  |  | 61,030 |  |  | 7,398 |  |  | 148,279 |
|  | Acquisition of shares |  |  | - |  |  | 274 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,500 |  |  | 2,774 |
|  | Stock-based compensation |  |  | - |  |  | 71 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 71 |
|  | Comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  | (17,273) |  |  | 4,067 |  |  | (9,744) |  |  | (4,365) |  |  | (27,315) |
|  |  | Other comprehensive income |  |  | - |  |  | 2,227 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 2,227 |
|  |  | Equity accounted (loss) earnings |  |  | (17,273) |  |  | 1,840 |  |  | (9,744) |  |  | (4,365) |  |  | (29,542) |
|  |  |  | Share of net income (loss) |  |  | 1,421 |  |  | 1,857 |  |  | 4,676 |  |  | (1,865) |  |  | 6,089 |
|  |  |  | Amortization of acquired intangible assets |  |  | (569) |  |  | - |  |  | (1,874) |  |  | - |  |  | (2,443) |
|  |  |  | Deferred taxes on acquired intangible assets |  |  | 136 |  |  | - |  |  | 524 |  |  | - |  |  | 660 |
|  |  |  | Dilution resulting from corporate transactions |  |  | - |  |  | (17) |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (17) |
|  |  |  | Impairment |  |  | (18,261) |  |  | - |  |  | (13,070) |  |  | (2,500) |  |  | (33,831) |
|  | Dividends received |  |  | (1,308) |  |  | (274) |  |  | (1,787) |  |  | (454) |  |  | (3,823) |
|  | Sale of DNI |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (36,508) |  |  | - |  |  | (36,508) |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(2) |  |  | 1,080 |  |  | (5,873) |  |  | (12,991) |  |  | (478) |  |  | (18,262) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 29,739 |  | $ | 30,876 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 4,601 |  | $ | 65,216 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS (continued)

Equity-accounted investments (continued)

|  |  | Bank Frick |  | Finbond |  | DNI |  | Other(1) |  | Total |
Investment in loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance as of June 30, 2018 | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 3,152 |  | $ | 3,152 |
|  | Transfer to accounts receivables, net |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (3,000) |  |  | (3,000) |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(2) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (4) |  |  | (4) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 148 |  |  | 148 |
|  | Loans granted |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 1,230 |  |  | 1,230 |
|  | Allowance for doubtful loans |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (730) |  |  | (730) |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(2) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (28) |  |  | (28) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 620 |  | $ | 620 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Equity |  | Loans |  | Total |
Carrying amount as of : |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 148,279 |  | $ | 148 |  | $ | 148,427 |
|  | June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 65,216 |  | $ | 620 |  | $ | 65,836 |

(1) Includes Carbon, SmartSwitch Namibia, V2 and Walletdoc;

(2) The foreign currency adjustment represents the effects of the fluctuations of the South African rand, Nigerian naira and Namibian dollar, against the U.S. dollar on the carrying value.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS (continued)

Equity-accounted investments (continued)

Summary financial information of equity-accounted investments

Summarized below is the financial information of equity-accounted investments (during the Company's reporting periods in which investments were carried using the equity-method, unless otherwise noted) as of the stated reporting period of the investee and translated at the applicable closing or average foreign exchange rates (as applicable):

|  |  |  | Bank Frick |  |  | Finbond(1) |  |  | DNI |  |  | Other(2) |
Balance sheet, as of |  | June 30 |  |  | February 28 |  |  | June 30 |  |  | Various |
| Current assets(3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 | $ | n/a |  | $ | n/a |  | $ | n/a |  | $ | 19,910 |
|  | 2019 |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 35,608 |  |  | 17,781 |
| Long-term assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 1,042,366 |  |  | 294,734 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 6,145 |
|  | 2019 |  | 1,013,677 |  |  | 232,047 |  |  | 39,851 |  |  | 2,304 |
| Current liabilities(3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 7,824 |
|  | 2019 |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 25,757 |  |  | 8,492 |
| Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 940,948 |  |  | 112,331 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 18,076 |
|  | 2019 |  | 915,050 |  |  | 127,352 |  |  | 7,324 |  |  | 4,654 |
| Non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | - |  |  | 10,452 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (73 | )
|  | 2019 |  | - |  |  | 11,696 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 25 |
Statement of operations, for the period ended |  | June 30(4 | ) |  | February 28 |  |  | June 30(5 | ) |  | Various |
| Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 37,864 |  |  | 161,378 |  |  | 68,983 |  |  | 7,862 |
|  | 2019 |  | 41,126 |  |  | 174,177 |  |  | 15,898 |  |  | 33,807 |
|  | 2018 |  | 33,814 |  |  | 161,915 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 10,955 |
| Operating income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 4,815 |  |  | 17,483 |  |  | 24,563 |  |  | (5,064 | )
|  | 2019 |  | 3,633 |  |  | 20,355 |  |  | 5,814 |  |  | (753 | )
|  | 2018 |  | 776 |  |  | 25,079 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 826 |
| Income (loss) from continuing operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 4,053 |  |  | 14,449 |  |  | 17,092 |  |  | (5,116 | )
|  | 2019 |  | 3,169 |  |  | 17,761 |  |  | 4,306 |  |  | (915 | )
|  | 2018 |  | 617 |  |  | 16,475 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 152 |
| Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2020 |  | 4,053 |  |  | 6,433 |  |  | 15,772 |  |  | (5,014 | )
|  | 2019 |  | 3,169 |  |  | 9,385 |  |  | 4,481 |  |  | (1,029 | )
|  | 2018 | $ | 617 |  | $ | 9,311 |  | $ | n/a |  | $ | 152 |

(1) Finbond balances included were derived from its publicly available information and presented for its years ended February. The amounts as of February 28, 2019 and for the years ended February 28, 2019 and 2018, respectively, have been restated for the error described in Note 1;

(2) Includes Carbon, SmartSwitch Namibia, Revix, Walletdoc and V2, as appropriate. Balance sheet information for Carbon, SmartSwitch Namibia, Revix and V2 is as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, and Walletdoc as of February 29, 2020 and February 28, 2020, respectively. Statement of operations information for Carbon, SmartSwitch Namibia, Revix, and V2 for the year ended June 30, and Walletdoc for the year ended February 29/28 (as appropriate);

(3) Bank Frick and Finbond are banks and do not present current and long-term assets and liabilities. All assets and liabilities of these two entities are included under the long-term caption;

(4) Statement of operations information for 2018 for Bank Frick is for the period from October 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018;

(5) Statement of operations information for DNI is for the period from July 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, and April 1, 2019 to June 30, 2019.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS (continued)

Other long-term assets

Summarized below is the breakdown of other long-term assets as of June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019:

|  |  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Total equity investments | $ | 26,993 |  | $ | 26,993 |
|  | Investment in 15% of Cell C, at fair value (Note 7) |  | - |  |  | - |
|  | Investment in 12% (2019: 13%) of MobiKwik |  | 26,993 |  |  | 26,993 |
|  | Investment in 87.50% of CPS (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | - |
Total held to maturity investments |  | - |  |  | - |
|  | Investment in 7.625% of Cedar Cellular Investment 1 (RF) (Pty) Ltd 8.625% notes |  | - |  |  | - |
Long-term portion of amount due from DNI related to sale of remaining interest in DNI |  | 2,857 |  |  | - |
Policy holder assets under investment contracts (Note 12) |  | 490 |  |  | 619 |
Reinsurance assets under insurance contracts (Note 12) |  | 1,006 |  |  | 1,163 |
|  | Total other long-term assets | $ | 31,346 |  | $ | 28,775 |

(1) The Company determined that MobiKwik and CPS do not have readily determinable fair values and therefore elected to record these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company accounted for its investment in MobiKwik at cost as of June 30, 2018.

Cell C

On August 2, 2017, the Company, through its subsidiary, Net1SA, purchased 75,000,000 class "A" shares of Cell C for an aggregate purchase price of ZAR 2.0 billion ($151.0 million) in cash. The Company funded the transaction through a combination of cash and the facilities described in Note 13. Net1 SA has pledged, among other things, its entire equity interest in Cell C as security for the South African facilities described in Note 13 used to partially fund the acquisition of Cell C. The Company's investment in Cell is carried at fair value. Refer to Note 7 for additional information regarding changes in the fair value of Cell C.

MobiKwik

The Company signed a subscription agreement with MobiKwik, which is one of India's largest independent mobile payments networks, with over 100 million users and 2.3 million merchants. Pursuant to the subscription agreement, the Company agreed to make an equity investment of up to $40.0 million in MobiKwik over a 24-month period. The Company made an initial $15.0 million investment in August 2016 and a further $10.6 million investment in June 2017, under this subscription agreement. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company paid $1.1 million to subscribe for additional shares in MobiKwik. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, the Company owned approximately 12% and 13% of MobiKwik's issued share capital.

CPS

The Company deconsolidated its investment in CPS in May 2020, refer to Note 3. As of June 30, 2020, the Company owned 87.50% of CPS' issued share capital.

Cedar Cellular

No interest income from the Cedar Cellular note was recorded during the year ended June 30, 2020. The Company recognized interest income of $2.4 million and $1.4 million, related to the Cedar Cellular notes during the year ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest on this investment will only be paid, at Cedar Cellular's election, on maturity in August 2022. The Company's effective interest rate on the Cedar Cellular note was 24.82% as of June 30, 2019.

The Company does not expect to recover the amortized cost basis of the Cedar Cellular notes due to a reduction in the amount of future cash flows expected to be collected from the debt security compared to previous expectations. The Company does not expect to generate any cash flows from the debt security at maturity in August 2022 or prior to the maturity date due to the current challenges facing the business and the uncertainties over the future value of the current equity in Cell C. Accordingly, the Company believes it is unlikely that Cedar Cellular will generate sufficient cash inflows to settle any outstanding accumulated interest and principal due to the note holders on maturity in August 2022.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

10. EQUITY-ACCOUNTED INVESTMENTS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS (continued)

Other long-term assets (continued)

Cedar Cellular (continued)

The Company's cannot calculate an effective interest rate on the Cedar Cellular note because the carrying value is currently zero ($0.0 million) as of June 30, 2020 and 2019. The Company therefore cannot calculate the present value of the expected cash flows to be collected from the debt security by discounting these cash flows at the interest rate implicit in the security upon acquisition (at a rate of 24.82%) because there are no future cash flows to discount. The present value of the expected cash flows of zero ($0.0 million) is less than the amortized cost basis recorded of $12.8 million (before the cumulative 2019 impairments for the year ended June 30, 2019). Accordingly, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment related to a credit loss of $12.8 million during the year ended June 30, 2019. The impairment of $12.8 million is included in the caption "Impairment of Cedar Cellular note" in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2019.

Summarized below are the components of the Company's equity securities without readily determinable fair value and held to maturity investments as of June 30, 2020:

|  |  |  |  | Cost basis |  |  | Unrealized holding |  |  | Unrealized holding |  |  | Carrying |
|  |  |  |  | gains |  |  | losses |  |  | value |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment in Mobikwik | $ | 26,993 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 26,993 |
| Investment in CPS |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment in Cedar Cellular notes |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
|  |  | Total | $ | 26,993 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 26,993 |

Summarized below are the components of the Company's equity securities without readily determinable fair value and held to maturity investments as of June 30, 2019:

|  |  |  |  | Cost basis |  |  | Unrealized holding |  |  | Unrealized holding |  |  | Carrying |
|  |  |  |  | gains |  |  | losses |  |  | value |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment in MobiKwik | $ | 26,993 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 26,993 |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment in Cedar Cellular notes |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
|  |  | Total | $ | 26,993 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 26,993 |

Contractual maturities of held to maturity investments

Summarized below is the contractual maturity of the Company's held to maturity investment as of June 30, 2020:

|  |  |  | Cost basis |  |  | Estimated fair value(1) |
Due in one year or less | $ | - |  | $ | - |
Due in one year through five years (2) |  | - |  |  | - |
Due in five years through ten years |  | - |  |  | - |
Due after ten years |  | - |  |  | - |
|  | Total | $ | - |  | $ | - |

(1) The estimated fair value of the Cedar Cellular note has been calculated utilizing the Company's portion of the security provided to the Company by Cedar Cellular, namely, Cedar Cellular's investment in Cell C.

(2) The cost basis is zero ($0.0 million).

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

11. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net

Goodwill

Summarized below is the movement in the carrying value of goodwill for the June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  | Gross value |  |  | Accumulated impairment |  |  | Carrying value |
Balance as of July 1, 2018 | $ | 75,598 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 75,598 |
| Impairment loss |  | - |  |  | (20,917 | ) |  | (20,917 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (2,026 | ) |  | 144 |  |  | (1,882 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | 73,572 |  |  | (20,773 | ) |  | 52,799 |
| Impairment loss |  | - |  |  | (14,440 | ) |  | (14,440 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (1,099 | ) |  | 56 |  |  | (1,043 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | 72,473 |  |  | (35,157 | ) |  | 37,316 |
| Impairment loss |  | - |  |  | (5,589 | ) |  | (5,589 | )
| Disposal of FIHRST (Note 3) |  | (599 | ) |  | - |  |  | (599 | )
| Deconsolidation of CPS (Note 3) |  | (1,346 | ) |  | 1,346 |  |  | - |
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (7,334 | ) |  | 375 |  |  | (6,959 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | 63,194 |  | $ | (39,025 | ) | $ | 24,169 |

(1) - The foreign currency adjustment represents the effects of the fluctuations between the South African Rand and the Euro, and the U.S. dollar on the carrying value.

Impairment loss

The Company assesses the carrying value of goodwill for impairment annually, or more frequently, whenever events occur and circumstances change indicating potential impairment. The Company performs its annual impairment test as at June 30 of each year.

Year ended June 30, 2020

During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company performed an impairment analysis and recognized an impairment loss of $5.6 million, related to goodwill allocated to its EasyPay business within its South African transaction processing operating segment. The impairment loss resulted from a reassessment of the business's growth prospects given the challenging economic environment in South Africa. The impairment is included within the caption impairment loss in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2020.

In order to determine the amount of the EasyPay goodwill impairment, the estimated fair value of EasyPay's business assets and liabilities were compared to the carrying value of its assets and liabilities. The Company used a discounted cash flow model in order to determine the fair value of EasyPay. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that the carrying value of EasyPay's assets and liabilities exceeded their fair value at the reporting date. In the event that there is deterioration in the Company's operating segments, or in any other of the Company's businesses, this may lead to additional impairments in future periods.

Year ended June 30, 2019

During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, the Company performed an impairment analysis and recognized an impairment loss of approximately $8.2 million, of which approximately $7.0 million related to goodwill allocated to its IPG business within its international transaction processing operating segment and $1.2 million related to goodwill within its South African transaction processing operating segment. Given the consolidation and restructuring of IPG over the period to December 31, 2018, several business lines were terminated or meaningfully reduced, resulting in lower than expected revenues, profits and cash flows. IPG's new business initiatives were still in their infancy, and it was expected to generate lower cash flows than initially forecast.

In order to determine the amount of the IPG goodwill impairment, the estimated fair value of the Company's IPG business assets and liabilities was compared to the carrying value of the IPG's assets and liabilities. The Company used a discounted cash flow model in order to determine the fair value of IPG. The allocation of the fair value of IPG required the Company to make a number of assumptions and estimates about the fair value of assets and liabilities where the fair values were not readily available or observable. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that the carrying value of IPG's assets and liabilities exceeded their fair value at the reporting date.

The Company also identified and recognized an impairment loss of $6.2 million related to goodwill allocated to its financial inclusion and applied technologies operating segment as a result of its June 30, 2019, annual impairment test. The June 2019 impairment loss resulted from on-going losses incurred in the latter half of the fiscal year that were greater than, and were incurred for a longer duration, than initially expected.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

11. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net (continued)

Goodwill (continued)

Impairment loss (continued)

Year ended June 30, 2019 (continued)

The estimated fair value of the business assets and liabilities were compared to the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit within the financial inclusion and applied technologies operating segment in order to determine the $6.2 million goodwill impairment. The Company used an EV/EBITDA multiple valuation model to determine the fair value of the reporting unit.

The allocation of the fair value of the reporting unit required the Company to make a number of assumptions and estimates about the fair value of assets and liabilities where the fair values were not readily available or observable. Based on this analysis, except for the impairments recognized, the Company determined that the carrying value of the reporting unit's assets and liabilities exceeded their fair value at the reporting date.

Year ended June 30, 2018

During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recognized an impairment loss of approximately $19.9 million related to goodwill allocated to the Masterpayment business within its international transaction processing operating segment as a result of changes to the operating model of Masterpayment. During the second quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company re-evaluated the operating performance and ongoing viability of Masterpayment's working capital financing and supply chain solutions offering and determined to exit this portion of its business. While the Company believed that it could scale this offering in the medium to long-term by focusing on customers and industries outside Masterpayment's initial target market, this standalone offering did not fit the Company's strategy of providing payment solutions and working capital to small and medium-sized merchants. In order to focus on the Company's stated international strategy, the Company decided to wind-down the traditional working capital finance book issued to non-payment solutions customers. During the third quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company evaluated Masterpayment's business strategy and following the wind-down referred to above, it determined that Masterpayment was unlikely to deliver the financial results or cash flows previously anticipated. The Company and two of Masterpayment's senior managers agreed, by mutual consent, that with effect from the end of March 2018, the managers terminated their employment with Masterpayment in order to dedicate themselves to new professional tasks. The Company also impaired goodwill of approximately $1.1 million during its June 2018 annual goodwill impairment assessment related to a business allocated to its South African transaction processing operating segment, which ceased trading during the year.

In order to determine the amount of goodwill impairment, the estimated fair value of the Company's Masterpayment business was allocated to the individual fair value of the assets and liabilities of Masterpayment as if it had been acquired in a business combination, which resulted in the implied fair value of the goodwill. The Company used a discounted cash flow model in order to determine the fair value of Masterpayment. The allocation of the fair value of Masterpayment required the Company to make a number of assumptions and estimates about the fair value of assets and liabilities where the fair values were not readily available or observable.

Goodwill has been allocated to the Company's reportable segments as follows:

|  |  | South African transaction processing |  |  | International transaction processing |  |  | Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  |  | Carrying value |
Balance as of July 1, 2017 | $ | 23,131 |  | $ | 27,335 |  | $ | 25,132 |  | $ | 75,598 |
| Impairment loss |  | (1,052 | ) |  | (19,865 | ) |  | - |  |  | (20,917 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (1,133 | ) |  | 198 |  |  | (947 | ) |  | (1,882 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | 20,946 |  |  | 7,668 |  |  | 24,185 |  |  | 52,799 |
| Impairment loss |  | (1,180 | ) |  | (7,011 | ) |  | (6,249 | ) |  | (14,440 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (558 | ) |  | - |  |  | (485 | ) |  | (1,043 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | 19,208 |  |  | 657 |  |  | 17,451 |  |  | 37,316 |
| Impairment loss |  | (5,589 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (5,589 | )
| Disposal of FIHRST (Note 3) |  | (599 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (599 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (3,688 | ) |  | - |  |  | (3,271 | ) |  | (6,959 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | 9,332 |  | $ | 657 |  | $ | 14,180 |  | $ | 24,169 |

(1) - The foreign currency adjustment represents the effects of the fluctuations between the South African rand and the Euro, and the U.S. dollar on the carrying value.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

11. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net (continued)

Intangible assets

Impairment loss

The Company assesses the carrying value of intangible assets for impairment whenever events occur or circumstances change indicating that the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable. Except as discussed below, no intangible assets have been impaired during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Year ended June 30, 2020

During the third quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company determined that its indefinite-lived intangible asset, a Maltese e-money license, of $0.7 million was impaired. The facts and circumstances leading up to the impairment include the losses incurred by the Company's IPG business unit. In fiscal 2019, IPG formulated a plan to return to profitability, however, it has missed a number of key deliverable deadlines and is currently reformulating its growth plans following the decision not to acquire a controlling stake in Bank Frick. The impairment is included within the caption impairment loss to the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2020. The intangible asset was not allocated to an operating segment and is included within corporate/ eliminations (refer to Note 22).

Carrying value and amortization of intangible assets

Summarized below is the carrying value and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets as of June 30, 2020, and June 30, 2019:

|  |  |  | As of June 30, 2020 |  |  | As of June 30, 2019 |
|  |  |  | Gross carrying value |  |  | Accumulated amortization |  |  | Net carrying value |  |  | Gross carrying value |  |  | Accumulated amortization |  |  | Net carrying value |
Finite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Customer relationships | $ | 19,064 |  | $ | (18,806 | ) | $ | 258 |  | $ | 24,234 |  | $ | (23,527 | ) | $ | 707 |
| Software and unpatented technology |  | 3,931 |  |  | (3,931 | ) |  | - |  |  | 8,423 |  |  | (8,181 | ) |  | 242 |
| FTS patent |  | 2,211 |  |  | (2,211 | ) |  | - |  |  | 2,721 |  |  | (2,721 | ) |  | - |
| Trademarks |  | 2,731 |  |  | (2,377 | ) |  | 354 |  |  | 3,114 |  |  | (2,607 | ) |  | 507 |
| Total finite-lived intangible assets | $ | 27,937 |  | $ | (27,325 | ) |  | 612 |  | $ | 38,492 |  | $ | (37,036 | ) |  | 1,456 |
Infinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Financial institution licenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 772 |
| Total infinite-lived intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 772 |
|  | Total intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 612 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,228 |

Aggregate amortization expense on the finite-lived intangible assets for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, was approximately $0.3 million, $7.1 million and $3.7, respectively.

Future estimated annual amortization expense for the next five fiscal years and thereafter, assuming exchange rates that prevailed on June 30, 2020, is presented in the table below. Actual amortization expense in future periods could differ from this estimate as a result of acquisitions, changes in useful lives, exchange rate fluctuations and other relevant factors.

Fiscal 2021 | $ | 318 |
Fiscal 2022 |  | 59 |
Fiscal 2023 |  | 59 |
Fiscal 2024 |  | 59 |
Fiscal 2025 |  | 58 |
Thereafter |  | 59 |
| Total future estimated annual amortization expense | $ | 612 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

12. ASSETS AND POLICYHOLDER LIABILITIES UNDER INSURANCE AND INVESTMENT CONTRACTS

Reinsurance assets and policyholder liabilities under insurance contracts

Summarized below is the movement in reinsurance assets and policyholder liabilities under insurance contracts during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  |  | Reinsurance Assets(1) |  |  | Insurance contracts(2) |
Balance as of July 1, 2018 | $ | 633 |  | $ | (2,032 | )
| Increase in policy holder benefits under insurance contracts |  | 775 |  |  | (8,137 | )
| Claims and policyholders' benefits under insurance contracts |  | (228 | ) |  | 8,237 |
| Foreign currency adjustment(3) |  | (17 | ) |  | 52 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | 1,163 |  |  | (1,880 | )
| Increase in policy holder benefits under insurance contracts |  | 509 |  |  | (3,024 | )
| Claims and policyholders' benefits under insurance contracts |  | (449 | ) |  | 3,182 |
| Foreign currency adjustment(3) |  | (217 | ) |  | 352 |
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | 1,006 |  | $ | (1,370 | )

(1) Included in other long-term assets (refer to Note 10);

(2) Included in other long-term liabilities;

(3) Represents the effects of the fluctuations of the ZAR against the U.S. dollar.

The Company has agreements with reinsurance companies in order to limit its losses from large insurance contracts, however, if the reinsurer is unable to meet its obligations, the Company retains the liability. The value of insurance contract liabilities is based on the best estimate assumptions of future experience plus prescribed margins, as required in the markets in which these products are offered, namely South Africa. The process of deriving the best estimates assumptions plus prescribed margins includes assumptions related to claim reporting delays (based on average industry experience).

Assets and policyholder liabilities under investment contracts

Summarized below is the movement in assets and policyholder liabilities under investment contracts during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  |  |  | Assets(1) |  |  | Investment contracts(2) |
Balance as of July 1, 2018 | $ | 610 |  | $ | (610 | )
| Increase in policy holder benefits under investment contracts |  | 24 |  |  | (24 | )
| Foreign currency adjustment(3) |  | (15 | ) |  | 15 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | 619 |  |  | (619 | )
| Increase in policy holder benefits under investment contracts |  | 17 |  |  | (17 | )
| Claims and policyholders' benefits under investment contracts |  | (29 | ) |  | 29 |
| Foreign currency adjustment(3) |  | (117 | ) |  | 117 |
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | 490 |  | $ | (490 | )

(1) Included in other long-term assets (refer to Note 10);

(2) Included in other long-term liabilities;

(3) Represents the effects of the fluctuations of the ZAR against the U.S. dollar.

The Company does not offer any investment products with guarantees related to capital or returns.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

13. BORROWINGS

South Africa

The amounts below have been translated at exchange rates applicable as of the dates specified.

July 2017 Facilities, as amended, comprising a short-term facility and long-term borrowings

Long-term borrowings - Facilities A, B, C and D (these facilities have been repaid and cancelled)

On July 21, 2017, Net1 SA entered into a Common Terms Agreement, Senior Facility A Agreement, Senior Facility B Agreement, Senior Facility C Agreement, Subordination Agreement, Security Cession & Pledge and certain ancillary loan documents (collectively, the "Original Loan Documents") with RMB, a South African corporate and investment bank, and Nedbank Limited (acting through its Corporate and Investment Banking division), an African corporate and investment bank (collectively, the "Lenders"), pursuant to which, among other things, Net1 SA may borrow up to an aggregate of ZAR 1.25 billion to finance a portion of its investment in Cell C and to fund its on-going working capital requirements. On March 8, 2018, the Company amended its South African long-term facility to include an additional term loan, Facility D, of up to ZAR 210.0 million. All amounts under these facilities were repaid in full during the year ended June 30, 2019.

On September 4, 2019, Net1 SA further amended the July 2017 Facilities agreement, which included adding Main Street 1692 (RF) Proprietary Limited ("Debt Guarantor"), a South African company incorporated for the sole purpose of holding collateral for the benefit of the Lenders and acting as debt guarantor. The covenants were also amended and now include customary covenants that require Net1 SA to maintain a specified total asset cover ratio and restrict the ability of Net1 SA, and certain of its subsidiaries to make certain distributions with respect to their capital stock, prepay other debt, encumber their assets, incur additional indebtedness, make investment above specified levels, engage in certain business combinations and engage in other corporate activities. Net1 also agreed that in the event of any sale of KSNET, Inc., it would deposit a portion of the proceeds in an amount of the USD equivalent of the Facility F loan and the Nedbank general banking facility commitment into a bank account secured in favor of the Debt Guarantor. Net1 SA also entered into a pledge and cession agreement with the Debt Guarantor pursuant to which, among other things, Net1 SA agreed to cede its shareholdings in Cell C, DNI and Net1 FIHRST Holdings (Pty) Ltd to the Debt Guarantor. The shareholdings in DNI and Net 1 FIHRST Holdings (Pty) Ltd were released pursuant to the transactions to dispose of these investments.

Short-term facility - Facility E

On September 26, 2018, Net1 SA further revised its amended July 2017 Facilities agreement with RMB to include an overdraft facility ("Facility E") of up to ZAR 1.5 billion ($83.8 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020) to fund the Company's ATMs. The Facility E overdraft facility was subsequently reduced to ZAR 1.2 billion ($69.2 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020) in September 2019. Interest on the overdraft facility is payable on the last day of each month and on the final maturity date based on the South African prime rate. The overdraft facility will be reviewed in September 2020. The overdraft facility amount utilized must be repaid in full within one month of utilization and at least 90% of the amount utilized must be repaid with 25 days. The overdraft facility is secured by a pledge by Net1 SA of, among other things, cash and certain bank accounts utilized in the Company's ATM funding process, the cession of an insurance policy with Senate Transit Underwriters Managers Proprietary Limited, and any rights and claims Net1 SA has against Grindrod Bank Limited. As at June 30, 2020, the Company had utilized approximately ZAR 0.3 billion ($14.8 million) of this overdraft facility. This ZAR 1.2 billion overdraft facility may only be used to fund ATMs and therefore the overdraft utilized and converted to cash to fund the Company's ATMs is considered restricted cash. The prime rate on June 30, 2020, was 7.25% and reduced to 7.00% on July 24, 2020, following reductions in the South African repo rate.

Short-term borrowings facility - Facility F (this facility has been repaid and cancelled)

On September 4, 2019, Net1 SA further amended its amended July 2017 Facilities agreement with RMB and Nedbank to include a facility ("Facility F") of up to ZAR 300.0 million ($17.3 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020) for the sole purpose of funding the acquisition of airtime from Cell C. Net1 SA could not dispose of the airtime acquired from Cell C before April 1, 2020, without the prior consent of RMB, Absa Bank Limited and Investec Asset Management Proprietary Limited. Facility F comprised (i) a first Senior Facility F loan of ZAR 220.0 million (ii) a second Senior Facility F loan of ZAR 80.0 million, or such lesser amount as may be agreed by the facility agent. The first loan was utilized on September 5, 2019, while the second loan was never utilized. Facility F was required to be repaid in full within nine months following the first utilization of the facility. Net1 SA was required to prepay Facility F subject to customary prepayment terms. Interest on Facility F was based on JIBAR plus a margin of 5.50% per annum and was due in full on repayment of the loan. The margin on the Facility F increased by 1% on November 1, 2019, because the Company had not disposed of its remaining shareholding in DNI and FIHRST by that date. Net1 SA paid a non-refundable structuring fee of ZAR 2.2 million ($0.1 million) to the Lenders in September 2019, and the Company expensed this amount in full during the first quarter of fiscal 2020. The Company settled the facility in full on April 1, 2020, utilizing a portion of the proceeds received from the sale of its remaining stake in DNI, and the facility was cancelled.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

13. BORROWINGS (continued)

South Africa (continued)

Nedbank facility, comprising short-term facilities

As of June 30, 2020, the aggregate amount of the Company's short-term South African credit facility with Nedbank Limited was ZAR 450.0 million ($26.0 million). The credit facility comprises an overdraft facility of (i) up to ZAR 300.0 million ($17.3 million), which is further split into (a) a ZAR 250.0 million ($14.4 million) overdraft facility which may only be used to fund mobile ATMs and (b) a ZAR 50.0 million ($2.9 million) general banking facility and (ii) indirect and derivative facilities of up to ZAR 150.0 million ($8.7 million), which include guarantees, letters of credit and forward exchange contracts. The ZAR 250.0 million component of the primary amount may only be used to fund ATMs and therefore this component of the primary amount utilized and converted to cash to fund the Company's ATMs is considered restricted cash.

The Company has ceded all of its title and interest in an insurance policy issued by Fidelity Risk Proprietary Limited as security for its repayment obligations under the facility. A commitment fee of 0.35% per annum is payable on the monthly unutilized amount of the overdraft portion of the short-term facility. The Company is required to comply with customary non-financial covenants, including, without limitation, covenants that restrict its ability to dispose of or encumber its assets, incur additional indebtedness or engage in certain business combinations. The short-term facility provides Nedbank with the right to set off funds held in certain identified Company bank accounts with Nedbank against any amounts owed to Nedbank under the facility. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had total funds of $12.4 million in bank accounts with Nedbank which have been set off against $12.4 million drawn under the Nedbank facility, for a net amount drawn under the facility of $0.1 million. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had total funds of $2.7 million in bank accounts with Nedbank which have been set off against $8.6 million drawn under the Nedbank facility, for a net amount drawn under the facility of $5.9 million. As of June 30, 2020, the interest rate on the overdraft facility was 6.10%, and reduced to 5.85% on July 24, 2020, following reductions in the South African repo rate.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had utilized approximately ZAR 1.0 million ($0.1 million) of its ZAR 300.0 million overdraft facility to fund ATMs, and none of its ZAR 50.0 million general banking facility. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has utilized approximately ZAR 82.8 million ($5.9 million) of its ZAR 250 million overdraft facility to fund ATMs and utilized none of its ZAR 50 million general banking facility. As of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, the Company had utilized approximately ZAR 93.6 million ($5.4 million) and ZAR 93.6 million ($6.6 million), respectively, of its indirect and derivative facilities of ZAR 150 million to enable the bank to issue guarantees, letters of credit and forward exchange contracts, in order for the Company to honor its obligations to third parties requiring such guarantees (refer to Note 23).

United States, a short-term facility (this facility has been repaid and cancelled)

On September 14, 2018, the Company renewed its $10.0 million overdraft facility from Bank Frick and on February 4, 2019, the Company increased the overdraft facility to $20.0 million. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had utilized approximately $9.5 million of this facility. The Company's $20 million facility from Bank Frick was settled in full and cancelled in March 2020. The facility was secured by a pledge of the Company's investment in Bank Frick and the shares under the pledge were released upon cancellation.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

13. BORROWINGS (continued)

Movement in short-term credit facilities

Summarized below are the Company's short-term facilities as of June 30, 2020, and the movement in the Company's short-term facilities from as of June 30, 2019 to as of June 30, 2020:

|  |  |  |  |  | South Africa |  |  | United States |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Amended July 2017 |  |  | Nedbank |  |  | Bank Frick |  |  | Total |
Short-term facilities available as of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, 2020 | $ | 69,234 |  | $ | 25,963 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 95,197 |
| Overdraft |  | - |  |  | 2,885 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,885 |
| Overdraft restricted as to use for ATM funding only |  | 69,234 |  |  | 14,424 |  |  | - |  |  | 83,658 |
| Indirect and derivative facilities |  | - |  |  | 8,654 |  |  | - |  |  | 8,654 |
Movement in utilized overdraft facilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Utilized |  | 722,375 |  |  | 85,843 |  |  | 14,536 |  |  | 822,754 |
|  | Repaid |  | (655,612) |  |  | (80,365) |  |  | (4,992) |  |  | (740,969) |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | 2,803 |  |  | 402 |  |  | - |  |  | 3,205 |
| Balance as of June 30, 2019(2) |  | 69,566 |  |  | 5,880 |  |  | 9,544 |  |  | 84,990 |
|  |  | Restricted as to use for ATM funding only |  | 69,566 |  |  | 5,880 |  |  | - |  |  | 75,446 |
|  |  | No restrictions as to use |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 9,544 |  |  | 9,544 |
|  | Utilized |  | 603,134 |  |  | 69,245 |  |  | 17,384 |  |  | 689,763 |
|  | Repaid |  | (647,990) |  |  | (73,017) |  |  | (26,928) |  |  | (747,935) |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (9,954) |  |  | (2,050) |  |  | - |  |  | (12,004) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2020(3) |  | 14,756 |  |  | 58 |  |  | - |  |  | 14,814 |
|  |  | Restricted as to use for ATM funding only |  | 14,756 |  |  | 58 |  |  | - |  |  | 14,814 |
|  |  | No restrictions as to use |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
Movement in utilized indirect and derivative facilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | - |  |  | 7,871 |  |  | - |  |  | 7,871 |
|  | Guarantees cancelled |  | - |  |  | (1,075) |  |  | - |  |  | (1,075) |
|  | Utilized |  | - |  |  | 46 |  |  | - |  |  | 46 |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | - |  |  | (199) |  |  | - |  |  | (199) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | - |  |  | 6,643 |  |  | - |  |  | 6,643 |
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | - |  |  | (1,245) |  |  | - |  |  | (1,245) |
| Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | - |  | $ | 5,398 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 5,398 |

(1) Represents the effects of the fluctuations between the ZAR and the U.S. dollar.

(2) Nedbank as of June 30, 2019, of $5.9 million comprises the net of total overdraft facilities withdrawn of $8.6 million offset against funds in bank accounts with Nedbank of $2.7 million.

(3) As of June 30, 2020, there were no amounts offset against the Nedbank overdraft facilities.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

13. BORROWINGS (continued)

Movement in long-term borrowings

Summarized below is the movement in the Company's long term borrowing from as of June 30, 2018, to as of June 30, 2020:

|  |  | South Africa |  |  |
|  |  | Amended July 2017 |  | Total
Balance as of July 1, 2018 | $ | 49,548 |  | $ | 49,548
| Current portion of long-term borrowings |  | 44,079 |  |  | 44,079
| Long-term borrowings |  | 5,469 |  |  | 5,469
|  | Repaid |  | (31,844) |  |  | (31,844)
|  | Repaid from sale of DNI shares (Note 10) |  | (15,011) |  |  | (15,011)
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (2,693) |  |  | (2,693)
Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | - |  |  | -
|  | Utilized |  | 14,798 |  |  | 14,798
|  | Repaid |  | (14,503) |  |  | (14,503)
|  | Foreign currency adjustment(1) |  | (295) |  |  | (295)
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | - |  | $ | -

(1) Represents the effects of the fluctuations between the ZAR and the U.S. dollar.

Interest expense incurred under the Company's South African long-term borrowing during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019, and 2018, was $0.6 million, $2.9 million, and $7.2 million, respectively. There was no prepaid facility fee amortization during the year ended June 30, 2020. Prepaid facility fees amortized during the years ended June 30, 2019, and 2018, was $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Net1 SA paid non-refundable deal origination fees of approximately $0.6 million and $0.2 million in August 2017 and March 2018, respectively.

14. OTHER PAYABLES

Summarized below is the breakdown of other payables as of June 30, 2020 and 2019:

|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Accruals | $ | 6,045 |  | $ | 8,039 |
Provisions |  | 4,926 |  |  | 6,074 |
Payroll-related payables |  | 887 |  |  | 1,113 |
Participating merchants' settlement obligation |  | 463 |  |  | 555 |
Value-added tax payable |  | 129 |  |  | 162 |
Other |  | 11,329 |  |  | 9,640 |
Accrual of implementation costs to be refunded to SASSA |  | - |  |  | 34,039 |
| $ | 23,779 |  | $ | 59,622 |

As the Company previously disclosed, in June 2014, the Company received approximately ZAR 317.0 million, including VAT, from SASSA, related to the recovery of additional implementation costs its subsidiary, CPS, incurred during the beneficiary re-registration process in fiscal 2012 and 2013.

After the award of the tender, SASSA requested that CPS biometrically register all social grant beneficiaries (including child grant beneficiaries) and collect additional information for each child grant recipient. CPS agreed to SASSA's request and, as a result, it performed approximately 11 million additional registrations beyond those that CPS tendered for in the quoted service fee. Accordingly, CPS sought reimbursement from SASSA of the cost of this exercise, supported by a factual findings certificate from an independent auditing firm. SASSA paid CPS ZAR 317.0 million, including VAT, as full settlement of the additional costs CPS incurred.

In March 2015, Corruption Watch, a South African non-profit civil society organization, commenced legal proceedings in the Gauteng Division, Pretoria of the High Court of South Africa ("High Court") seeking an order by the High Court to review and set aside the decision of SASSA's Chief Executive Officer to approve a payment to CPS of ZAR 317.0 million and directing CPS to repay the aforesaid amount, plus interest. Corruption Watch claimed that there was no lawful basis to make the payment to CPS, and that the decision was unreasonable and irrational and did not comply with South African legislation. CPS was named as a respondent in this legal proceeding.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

14. OTHER PAYABLES (continued)

On February 22, 2018, the matter was heard by the High Court. On March 23, 2018, the High Court ordered that the June 15, 2012 variation agreement between SASSA and CPS be reviewed and set aside. CPS was ordered to refund ZAR 317.0 million to SASSA, plus interest from June 2014 to date of payment.

On September 30, 2019, the Supreme Court declined CPS' appeal and awarded costs against CPS. CPS is liable to repay SASSA ZAR 317.0 million, plus interest from June 2014 to date of payment. As a result, CPS recorded the liability at June 30, 2019, of $34.0 million (ZAR 479.4 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2019, comprising a revenue refund of $19.7 million (ZAR 277.6 million), accrued interest of $11.4 million (ZAR 161.0 million), unclaimed indirect taxes of $2.8 million (ZAR 39.4 million) and estimated costs of $0.1 million (ZAR 1.4 million)). The Company reduced revenue by $19.7 million during the year ended June 30, 2019, because it interpreted the Supreme Court ruling as a price variation and not a nonreciprocal transaction. The Company deconsolidated the accrual for the refund of implementation costs in May 2020, following the deconsolidation of CPS (refer to Note 3).

Other includes transactions-switching funds payable, deferred income, client deposits and other payables.

15. COMMON STOCK

Common stock

Holders of shares of Net1's common stock are entitled to receive dividends and other distributions when declared by Net1's board of directors out of legally available funds. Payment of dividends and distributions is subject to certain restrictions under the Florida Business Corporation Act, including the requirement that after making any distribution Net1 must be able to meet its debts as they become due in the usual course of its business.

Upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Net1, holders of common stock share ratably in the assets remaining after payments to creditors and provision for the preference of any preferred stock according to its terms. There are no pre-emptive or other subscription rights, conversion rights or redemption or scheduled installment payment provisions relating to shares of common stock. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.

Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share for the election of directors and for all other matters to be voted on by shareholders. Holders of common stock may not cumulate their votes in the election of directors, and are entitled to share equally and ratably in the dividends that may be declared by the board of directors, but only after payment of dividends required to be paid on outstanding shares of preferred stock according to its terms. The shares of Net1 common stock are not subject to redemption.

The Company's number of shares, net of treasury, presented in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statement of changes in equity includes participating non-vested equity shares (specifically contingently returnable shares) as described below in Note 18 "- Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan-Restricted Stock-General Terms of Awards".

The following table presents a reconciliation between the number of shares, net of treasury, presented in the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the number of shares, net of treasury, excluding non-vested equity shares that have not vested during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Number of shares, net of treasury: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Statement of changes in equity - common stock | 57,118,925 |  | 56,568,425 |  | 56,685,925 |
| Less: Non-vested equity shares that have not vested as of end of year (Note 18) | 1,115,500 |  | 583,908 |  | 765,411 |
Number of shares, net of treasury excluding non-vested equity shares that have not vested | 56,003,425 |  | 55,984,517 |  | 55,920,514 |

Redeemable common stock issued pursuant to transaction with the IFC Investors

Holders of redeemable common stock have all the rights enjoyed by holders of common stock, however, holders of redeemable common stock have additional contractual rights. On April 11, 2016, the Company entered into a Subscription Agreement (the "Subscription Agreement") with International Finance Corporation, IFC African, Latin American and Caribbean Fund, LP, IFC Financial Institutions Growth Fund, LP, and Africa Capitalization Fund, Ltd. (collectively, the "IFC Investors"). Under the Subscription Agreement, the IFC Investors purchased, and the Company sold in the aggregate, approximately 9.98 million shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a price of $10.79 per share, for gross proceeds to the Company of approximately $107.7 million. The Company has accounted for these 9.98 million shares as redeemable common stock as a result of the put option discussed below.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

15. COMMON STOCK (continued)

Redeemable common stock issued pursuant to transaction with the IFC Investors

On May 19, 2020, the Africa Capitalization Fund, Ltd sold its entire holding of 2,103,169 shares of the Company's common stock and therefore the additional contractual rights, including the put option rights related to these 2,103,169 shares, expired. The Company reclassified $22.7 million related to these 2,103,169 shares sold from redeemable common stock to additional paid-in-capital during the year ended June 30, 2020.

The Company has entered into a Policy Agreement with the IFC Investors (the "Policy Agreement"). The material terms of the Policy Agreement are described below.

Board Rights

For so long as the IFC Investors in aggregate beneficially own shares representing at least 5% of the Company's common stock, the IFC Investors will have the right to nominate one director to the Company's board of directors. For so long as the IFC Investors in aggregate beneficially own shares representing at least 2.5% of the Company's common stock, the IFC Investors will have the right to appoint an observer to the Company's board of directors at any time when they have not designated, or do not have the right to designate, a director.

Put Option

Each IFC Investor will have the right, upon the occurrence of specified triggering events, to require the Company to repurchase all of the shares of its common stock purchased by the IFC Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreement (or upon exercise of their preemptive rights discussed below). Events triggering this put right relate to (1) the Company being the subject of a governmental complaint alleging, a court judgment finding or an indictment alleging that the Company (a) engaged in specified corrupt, fraudulent, coercive, collusive or obstructive practices; (b) entered into transactions with targets of economic sanctions; or (c) failed to operate its business in compliance with anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism laws; or (2) the Company rejecting a bona fide offer to acquire all of its outstanding Common Stock at a time when it has in place or implements a shareholder rights plan, or adopting a shareholder rights plan triggered by a beneficial ownership threshold of less than twenty percent. The put price per share will be the higher of the price per share paid by the IFC Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreement (or paid when exercising their preemptive rights) and the volume weighted average price per share prevailing for the 60 trading days preceding the triggering event, except that with respect to a put right triggered by rejection of a bona fide offer, the put price per share will be the highest price offered by the offeror. The Company believes that the put option has no value and, accordingly, has not recognized the put option in its consolidated financial statements.

Registration Rights

The Company has agreed to grant certain registration rights to the IFC Investors for the resale of their shares of the Company's common stock, including filing a resale shelf registration statement and taking certain actions to facilitate resales thereunder.

Preemptive Rights

For so long as the IFC Investors hold in aggregate 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company, each Investor will have the right to purchase its pro-rata share of new issuances of securities by the Company, subject to certain exceptions.

Common stock repurchases

Executed under share repurchase authorizations

On February 5, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors approved the replenishment of its share repurchase authorization to repurchase up to an aggregate of $100 million of common stock. The authorization has no expiration date. The share repurchase authorization will be used at management's discretion, subject to limitations imposed by SEC Rule 10b-18 and other legal requirements and subject to price and other internal limitations established by the Board. Repurchases will be funded from the Company's available cash. Share repurchases may be made through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, or both. There can be no assurance that the Company will purchase any shares or any particular number of shares. The authorization may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, liquidity and other factors that management deems appropriate. The Company did not repurchase any of its shares during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, either under or outside of the authorization.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

The table below presents the change in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income per component during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  | Accumulated foreign currency translation reserve (as restated)(A) |  |  | Total (as restated)(A) |
Balance as of July 1, 2017 | $ | (162,736 | ) | $ | (162,736 | )
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve related to equity-accounted investment |  | (2,426 | ) |  | (2,426 | )
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve |  | (19,188 | ) |  | (19,188 | )
Balance as of July 1, 2018 |  | (184,350 | ) |  | (184,350 | )
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to DNI disposal (Note 3) |  | 5,841 |  |  | 5,841 |
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of DNI interest as an equity method investment (Note 10) |  | (162 | ) |  | (162 | )
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve related to equity-accounted investment |  | 4,251 |  |  | 4,251 |
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve |  | (21,392 | ) |  | (21,392 | )
Balance as of July 1, 2019 |  | (195,812 | ) |  | (195,812 | )
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to deconsolidation of CPS (Note 3) |  | 32,451 |  |  | 32,451 |
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of Net1 Korea (Note 3) |  | 14,228 |  |  | 14,228 |
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of DNI interest as an equity method investment (Note 10) |  | 11,323 |  |  | 11,323 |
| Release of foreign currency translation reserve related to disposal of FIHRST (Note 3) |  | 1,578 |  |  | 1,578 |
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve related to equity-accounted investment |  | 2,227 |  |  | 2,227 |
| Movement in foreign currency translation reserve |  | (35,070 | ) |  | (35,070 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2020 | $ | (169,075 | ) | $ | (169,075 | )

(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1

During the year ended June 30, 2020, the Company reclassified $32.5 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss (accumulated foreign currency translation reserve) to net (loss) income related to the deconsolidation of CPS (refer to Note 3). During the year ended June 30, 2020, the Company reclassified $14.2 million and $1.6 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss (accumulated foreign currency translation reserve) to net (loss) income related to the disposal of Net1 Korea and FIHRST, respectively (refer to Note 3). During the year ended June 30, 2020, the Company reclassified $11.3 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss (accumulated foreign currency translation reserve) to net (loss) income related to the disposal of DNI interest (refer to Note 10).

During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company reclassified $5.8 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss (accumulated foreign currency translation reserve) to net (loss) income related to the DNI disposal (refer to Note 1 and Note 3) and reclassified $0.2 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss (accumulated foreign currency translation reserve) to net (loss) income related to the disposal of the DNI interest as an equity method investment (refer to Note 1 and Note 10).

There were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to comprehensive (loss) income during the year ended June 30, 2018.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

17. REVENUE

The Company is a leading provider of transaction processing services, financial inclusion products and services and secure payment technology. The Company operates market-leading payment processors in South Africa and internationally. The Company offers debit, credit and prepaid processing and issuing services for all major payment networks. In South Africa, the Company provides innovative low-cost financial inclusion products, including banking, lending and insurance.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by major revenue streams, including reconciliation to operating segments for the year ended June 30, 2020:

|  |  |  | South Africa |  |  | Rest of the world |  |  | Total |
South African transaction processing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Processing fees | $ | 62,552 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 62,552 |
| Other |  | 3,288 |  |  | - |  |  | 3,288 |
|  | Subtotal |  | 65,840 |  |  | - |  |  | 65,840 |
International transaction processing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Processing fees |  | - |  |  | 5,041 |  |  | 5,041 |
|  | Subtotal |  | - |  |  | 5,041 |  |  | 5,041 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Telecom products and services |  | 22,631 |  |  | - |  |  | 22,631 |
| Account holder fees |  | 12,628 |  |  | - |  |  | 12,628 |
| Lending revenue |  | 19,955 |  |  | - |  |  | 19,955 |
| Technology products |  | 18,261 |  |  | - |  |  | 18,261 |
| Insurance revenue |  | 5,212 |  |  | - |  |  | 5,212 |
| Other |  | 1,429 |  |  | - |  |  | 1,429 |
|  | Subtotal |  | 80,116 |  |  | - |  |  | 80,116 |
|  |  | $ | 145,956 |  | $ | 5,041 |  | $ | 150,997 |

The following table represents our revenue disaggregated by major revenue streams, including reconciliation to operating segments for the year ended June 30, 2019

|  |  |  | South Africa |  |  | Rest of the world |  |  | Total |
South African transaction processing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Processing fees | $ | 79,379 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 79,379 |
| Welfare benefit distributions |  | 3,086 |  |  | - |  |  | 3,086 |
| Other |  | 6,583 |  |  | - |  |  | 6,583 |
|  | Subtotal |  | 89,048 |  |  | - |  |  | 89,048 |
International transaction processing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Processing fees |  | - |  |  | 9,303 |  |  | 9,303 |
| Other |  | - |  |  | 539 |  |  | 539 |
|  | Subtotal |  | - |  |  | 9,842 |  |  | 9,842 |
Financial services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Telecom products and services |  | 15,025 |  |  | - |  |  | 15,025 |
| Account holder fees |  | 17,428 |  |  | - |  |  | 17,428 |
| Lending revenue |  | 27,512 |  |  | - |  |  | 27,512 |
| Technology products |  | 20,594 |  |  | - |  |  | 20,594 |
| Insurance revenue |  | 5,858 |  |  | - |  |  | 5,858 |
| Other |  | 629 |  |  | - |  |  | 629 |
|  | Subtotal |  | 87,046 |  |  | - |  |  | 87,046 |
| Corporate/Eliminations - revenue refund (Note 14) |  | (19,709 | ) |  | - |  |  | (19,709 | )
|  |  | $ | 156,385 |  | $ | 9,842 |  | $ | 166,227 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan

The Company's Amended and Restated 2015 Stock Incentive Plan (the "Plan") was most recently amended and restated on November 11, 2015, after approval by shareholders. No evergreen provisions are included in the Plan. This means that the maximum number of shares issuable under the Plan is fixed and cannot be increased without shareholder approval, the plan expires by its terms upon a specified date, and no new stock options are awarded automatically upon exercise of an outstanding stock option. Shareholder approval is required for the repricing of awards or the implementation of any award exchange program.

The Plan permits Net1 to grant to its employees, directors and consultants incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance-based awards and other awards based on its common stock. The Remuneration Committee of the Company's Board of Directors ("Remuneration Committee") administers the Plan.

The total number of shares of common stock issuable under the Plan is 11,052,580. The maximum number of shares for which awards, other than performance-based awards, may be granted in any combination during a calendar year to any participant is 569,120. The maximum limits on performance-based awards that any participant may be granted during a calendar year are 569,120 shares subject to stock option awards and $20 million with respect to awards other than stock options. Shares that are subject to awards which terminate or lapse without the payment of consideration may be granted again under the Plan. Shares delivered to the Company as part or full payment for the exercise of an option or to satisfy withholding obligations upon the exercise of an option may be granted again under the Plan in the Remuneration Committee's discretion. No awards may be granted under the Plan after August 19, 2025, but awards granted on or before such date may extend to later dates.

Options

General Terms of Awards

Option awards are generally granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company's stock at the date of grant, with vesting conditioned upon the recipient's continuous service through the applicable vesting date and expire 10 years after the date of grant. The options generally become exercisable in accordance with a vesting schedule ratably over a period of three years from the date of grant. The Company issues new shares to satisfy stock option award exercises but may also use treasury shares.

Valuation Assumptions

The table below presents the range of assumptions used to value options granted during the year ended June 30, 2020:

| 2020 |  | 2019
Expected volatility | 57% |  | 44%
Expected life (in years) | 3 |  | 3
Risk-free rate | 1.57% |  | 2.75%

No stock options were awarded during the year ended June 30, 2018.

Restricted Stock

General Terms of Awards

Shares of restricted stock are considered to be participating non-vested equity shares (specifically contingently returnable shares) for the purposes of calculating earnings per share (refer to Note 19) because, as discussed in more detail below, the recipient is obligated to transfer any unvested restricted stock back to the Company for no consideration and these shares of restricted stock are eligible to receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents at the same rate as common stock. Restricted stock generally vests ratably over a three year period, with vesting conditioned upon the recipient's continuous service through the applicable vesting date and under certain circumstances, the achievement of certain performance targets, as described below.

Recipients are entitled to all rights of a shareholder of the Company except as otherwise provided in the restricted stock agreements. These rights include the right to vote and receive dividends and/or other distributions. However, the restricted stock agreements generally prohibit transfer of any nonvested and forfeitable restricted stock. If a recipient ceases to be a member of the Board of Directors or an employee for any reason, all shares of restricted stock that are not then vested and nonforfeitable will be immediately forfeited and transferred to the Company for no consideration. Forfeited shares of restricted stock are available for future issuances by the Remuneration Committee.

The Company issues new shares to satisfy restricted stock awards.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (continued)

Restricted Stock (continued)

Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of restricted stock is generally based on the closing price of the Company's stock quoted on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant.

Vesting of all non-employee director shares issued prior to June 30, 2017

Grants of restricted stock to non-employee directors made during fiscal 2017, as well as those grants made in prior years, originally vested over a three-year period. After the end of fiscal 2017, the Company's board consulted with Pay Governance, an independent compensation consultant, and determined that one-year vesting of restricted stock grants is a more common compensation practice for independent directors and therefore, amended the terms of outstanding awards to vest one-year after grant. As a result of this amendment, 56,250 shares of restricted stock held by the non-employee directors as of June 30, 2017, were fully-vested during the year ended June 30, 2018.

Forfeiture of restricted stock awarded in August and November 2014 that did not achieve targeted market conditions

In August and November 2014, respectively, the Remuneration Committee approved an award of 127,626 and 71,530 shares of restricted stock to employees. These shares of restricted stock were scheduled to vest in full only on the date, if any, the following conditions were satisfied: (1) the closing price of the Company's common stock equals or exceeds $19.41 (subject to appropriate adjustment for any stock split or stock dividend) for a period of 30 consecutive trading days during a measurement period commencing on the date that the Company filed its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 2017 and ending on December 31, 2017 and (2) the recipient was employed by the Company on a full-time basis when the condition in (1) was met. The $19.41 price target represented a 20% increase, compounded annually, in the price of the Company's common stock on Nasdaq over the $11.23 closing price on August 27, 2014. These shares of restricted stock were forfeited during the year ended June 30, 2018, because the target market conditions were not achieved. The stock-based compensation charge related to these awards was not reversed upon forfeiture because these awards contained market conditions.

The 127,626 and 71,530 shares of restricted stock were effectively forward starting knock-in barrier options with a strike price of zero. The fair value of these shares of restricted stock was calculated utilizing an adjusted Monte Carlo simulation discounted cash flow model which was developed for the purpose of the valuation of these shares. For each simulated share price path, the market share price condition was evaluated to determine whether or not the shares would vest under that simulation. The "adjustment" to the Monte Carlo simulation model incorporates a "jump diffusion" process to the standard Geometric Brownian Motion simulation, in order to capture the discontinuous share price jumps observed in the Company's share price movements on stock exchanges on which it is listed. Therefore, the simulated share price paths capture the idiosyncrasies of the observed Company share price movements.

In scenarios where the shares do not vest, the final vested value at maturity is zero. In scenarios where vesting occurs, the final vested value on maturity is the share price on vesting date. The value of the grant is the average of the discounted vested values. The Company used an expected volatility of 76.01%, an expected life of approximately three years, a risk-free rate of 1.27% and no future dividends in its calculation of the fair value of the 127,626 shares of restricted stock. The Company used an expected volatility of 63.73%, an expected life of approximately three years, a risk-free rate of 1.21% and no future dividends in its calculation of the fair value of the 71,530 shares of restricted stock. Estimated expected volatility was calculated based on the Company's 30 day VWAP share price using the exponentially weighted moving average of returns.

Forfeiture of restricted stock with Performance Conditions awarded in August 2015

In August 2015, the Remuneration Committee approved an award of 301,537 shares of restricted stock to employees. The shares of restricted stock awarded to employees in August 2015 were subject to time-based and performance-based vesting conditions. In order for any of the shares to have vested, the recipient had to remain employed by the Company on a full-time basis on the date that it filed its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018. If that condition was satisfied, then the shares would vest based on the level of Fundamental EPS the Company achieved for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018 ("2018 Fundamental EPS"), as follows:

• One-third of the shares will vest if the Company achieves 2018 Fundamental EPS of $2.88;

• Two-thirds of the shares will vest if the Company achieves 2018 Fundamental EPS of $3.30; and

• All of the shares will vest if the Company achieves 2018 Fundamental EPS of $3.76.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (continued)

Restricted Stock (continued)

Forfeiture of restricted stock with Performance Conditions awarded in August 2015 (continued)

At levels of 2018 Fundamental EPS greater than $2.88 and less than $3.76, the number of shares that would have vested would be determined by linear interpolation relative to 2018 Fundamental EPS of $3.30. All shares of restricted stock have been valued utilizing the closing price of shares of the Company's common stock quoted on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant.

Any shares that did not vest in accordance with the above-described conditions would be forfeited. During the year ended June 30, 2017, the Company reversed the stock-based compensation charge recognized to date related to the 301,537 shares of restricted stock because it believed that it was unlikely that the 2018 Fundamental EPS target would be achieved due to the dilutive impact on the fundamental EPS calculation as a result of the issuance of approximately 10 million shares to the IFC in May 2016. The Company has not achieved the 2018 Fundamental EPS target and the 173,262 remaining shares that had not been forfeited as a result of terminations were forfeited during the year ended June 30, 2018.

Forfeiture of 150,000 shares of restricted stock with Performance Conditions awarded in August 2016

In August 2016, the Remuneration Committee approved an award of 350,000 shares of restricted stock to executive officers. In May 2017, the Company determined to accelerate the vesting of all (200,000) of the shares of restricted stock awarded to its former CEO. The shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers in August 2016 were subject to time-based and performance-based vesting conditions. In order for any of the shares to vest, the recipient was required to remain employed by the Company on a full-time basis on the date that it files its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. If that condition is satisfied, then the shares will vest based on the level of Fundamental EPS the Company achieves for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 ("2019 Fundamental EPS"), as follows:

• One-third of the shares will vest if the Company achieves 2019 Fundamental EPS of $2.60;

• Two-thirds of the shares will vest if the Company achieves 2019 Fundamental EPS of $2.80; and

• All of the shares will vest if the Company achieves 2019 Fundamental EPS of $3.00.

At levels of 2019 Fundamental EPS greater than $2.60 and less than $3.00, the number of shares that will vest will be determined by linear interpolation relative to 2019 Fundamental EPS of $2.80. All shares of restricted stock have been valued utilizing the closing price of shares of the Company's common stock quoted on The Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of grant.

Any shares that did not vest in accordance with the above-described conditions would be forfeited. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company reversed the stock-based compensation charge recognized related to 150,000 shares of restricted stock because the Company did not achieve the 2019 Fundamental EPS target. The 150,000 shares of restricted stock were forfeited.

Market Conditions - Restricted Stock Granted in August 2017

In August 2017, the Remuneration Committee approved an award of 210,000 shares of restricted stock to executive officers. The shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers in August 2017 are subject to a time-based vesting condition and a market condition and vest in full only on the date, if any, that the following conditions are satisfied: (1) the price of the Company's common stock must equal or exceed certain agreed VWAP levels (as described below) during a measurement period commencing on the date that it files its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 2020 and ending on December 31, 2020 and (2) the recipient is employed by the Company on a full-time basis when the condition in (1) is met. If either of these conditions is not satisfied, then none of the shares of restricted stock will vest and they will be forfeited. The $23.00 price target represents an approximate 35% increase, compounded annually, in the price of the Company's common stock on Nasdaq over the $9.38 closing price on August 23, 2017. The VWAP levels and vesting percentages related to such levels are as follows:

- Below $15.00 (threshold)-0%
- At or above $15.00 and below $19.00-33%
- At or above $19.00 and below $23.00-66%
- At or above $23.00-100%

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (continued)

Restricted Stock (continued)

Market Conditions - Restricted Stock Granted in August 2017 (continued)

These 210,000 shares of restricted stock are effectively forward starting knock-in barrier options with multi-strike prices of zero. The fair value of these shares of restricted stock was calculated utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation model which was developed for the purpose of the valuation of these shares. For each simulated share price path, the market share price condition was evaluated to determine whether or not the shares would vest under that simulation. A standard Geometric Brownian motion process was used in the forecasting of the share price instead of a "jump diffusion" model, as the share price volatility was more stable compared to the highly volatile regime of previous years. Therefore, the simulated share price paths capture the idiosyncrasies of the observed Company share price movements.

In scenarios where the shares do not vest, the final vested value at maturity is zero. In scenarios where vesting occurs, the final vested value on maturity is the share price on vesting date. The value of the grant is the average of the discounted vested values. The Company used an expected volatility of 44.0%, an expected life of approximately three years, a risk-free rate ranging between 1.275% to 1.657% and no future dividends in its calculation of the fair value of the restricted stock. The estimated expected volatility was calculated based on the Company's 30 day VWAP share price using the exponentially weighted moving average of returns.

On August 5, 2020, the Company and its chief executive officer and member of its board of directors, Mr. Herman G. Kotzé, entered into a Separation and Release of Claims Agreement (the "Separation Agreement"). The parties have agreed that Mr. Kotzé's last day of employment with the Company will be September 30, 2020, unless terminated earlier by the Company for cause. Upon separation from the Company, Mr. Kotzé will forfeit 150,000 shares of restricted stock that are subject to the market conditions described above because he will no longer be an employee of the Company as of the vesting date.

Market Conditions - Restricted Stock Granted in September 2018

In September 2018, the Remuneration Committee approved an award of 148,000 shares of restricted stock to executive officers. The 148,000 shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers in September 2018 are subject to a time-based vesting condition and a market condition and vest in full only on the date, if any, that the following conditions are satisfied: (1) the price of the Company's common stock must equal or exceed certain agreed VWAP levels (as described below) during a measurement period commencing on the date that it files its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended 2021 and ending on December 31, 2021 and (2) the recipient is employed by the Company on a full-time basis when the condition in (1) is met. If either of these conditions is not satisfied, then none of the shares of restricted stock will vest and they will be forfeited. The $23.00 price target represents an approximate 55% increase, compounded annually, in the price of the Company's common stock on Nasdaq over the $6.20 closing price on September 7, 2018. The VWAP levels and vesting percentages related to such levels are as follows:

- Below $15.00 (threshold)-0%
- At or above $15.00 and below $19.00-33%
- At or above $19.00 and below $23.00-66%
- At or above $23.00-100%

The fair value of these shares of restricted stock was calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation of a stochastic volatility process. The choice of a stochastic volatility process as an extension to the standard Black Scholes process was driven by both observations of larger than expected moves in the daily time series for the Company's VWAP price, but also the observation of the strike structure of volatility (i.e. skew and smile) for out-of-the money calls and out-of-the money puts versus at-the-money options for both the Company's stock and NASDAQ futures.

In scenarios where the shares do not vest, the final vested value at maturity is zero. In scenarios where vesting occurs, the final vested value on maturity is the share price on vesting date. In its calculation of the fair value of the restricted stock, the Company used an average volatility of 37.4% for the VWAP price, a discounting based on USD overnight indexed swap rates for the grant date, and no future dividends. The average volatility was extracted from the time series for VWAP prices as the standard deviation of log prices for the three years preceding the grant date. The mean reversion of volatility and the volatility of volatility parameters of the stochastic volatility process were extracted by regressing log differences against log levels of volatility from the time series for at-the-money options 30 day volatility quotes, which were available from January 2, 2018 onwards.

Upon separation from the Company, Mr. Kotzé will forfeit 58,000 shares of restricted stock that are subject to the market conditions described above because he will no longer be an employee of the Company as of the vesting date.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (continued)

Restricted Stock (continued)

Performance Conditions - Restricted Stock Granted in February 2020

The 454,400 shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers in February 2020 are subject to time-based and performance-based vesting conditions and vest in full only on the date, if any, that the following conditions are satisfied: (1) the achievement of an agreed return on average net equity per year during a measurement period commencing from July 1, 2021, through June 30, 2023, and (2) the recipient is employed by the Company on a full-time basis when the condition in (1) is met. Net equity is calculated as total equity attributable to the Company's shareholders plus redeemable common stock, in conformity with GAAP. The net equity as of June 30, 2021, was set as the base year for the measurement period. The average net equity is calculated as the simple average between the opening net equity and closing net equity during each fiscal year within the measurement period. The targeted return per year within the measurement period is derived from GAAP net income attributable to the Company per fiscal year.

The performance-based awards vest based on the achievement of the following targeted return on average net equity during the measurement period, of:

- 8% per year: 50% vest;
- 14% per year: 100% vest.

No shares of restricted stock will vest at a return on average net equity of less than 8%. Calculation of the award based on the returns between 8% and 14% will be interpolated on a linear basis. The Company's Remuneration Committee may use its discretion to adjust any component of the calculation of the award on a fact-by-fact basis, for instance, as the result of an acquisition.

Upon separation from the Company, Mr. Kotzé will forfeit 267,200 shares of restricted stock that are subject to the performance conditions described above because he will no longer be an employee of the Company as of the vesting date.

Stock Appreciation Rights

The Remuneration Committee may also grant stock appreciation rights, either singly or in tandem with underlying stock options. Stock appreciation rights entitle the holder upon exercise to receive an amount in any combination of cash or shares of common stock (as determined by the Remuneration Committee) equal in value to the excess of the fair market value of the shares covered by the right over the grant price. No stock appreciation rights have been granted.

Stock option and restricted stock activity

Options

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  | Number of shares |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years) |  |  | Aggregate intrinsic value ($'000) |  |  | Weighted average grant date fair value ($) |
Outstanding - July 1, 2017 |  | 846,607 |  |  | 13.87 |  |  | 3.80 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 4.21 |
| Forfeited |  | (37,333 | ) |  | 11.23 |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  | 4.55 |
Outstanding - June 30, 2018 |  | 809,274 |  |  | 13.99 |  |  | 2.67 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 4.20 |
| Granted - September 2018 |  | 600,000 |  |  | 6.20 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 1,212 |  |  | 2.02 |
| Expired unexercised |  | (370,000 | ) |  | 19.27 |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  | 5.00 |
| Forfeited |  | (174,695 | ) |  | 6.65 |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  | 2.00 |
Outstanding - June 30, 2019 |  | 864,579 |  |  | 7.81 |  |  | 7.05 |  |  | - |  |  | 2.62 |
| Granted - October 2019 |  | 561,000 |  |  | 3.07 |  |  | 10.00 |  |  | 676 |  |  | 1.20 |
| Forfeited |  | (93,928 | ) |  | 7.50 |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  | 2.81 |
Outstanding - June 30, 2020 |  | 1,331,651 |  |  | 5.83 |  |  | 7.56 |  |  | - |  |  | 2.01 |

These options have an exercise price range of $3.07 to $11.23.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (continued)

Options (continued)

On August 5, 2020, the Company granted one of its non-employee directors, Mr. Ali Mazanderani, in his capacity as a consultant to the Company, 150,000 stock options with an exercise price of $3.50. These stock options are subject to the non-employee director's continuous service through the applicable vesting date, and half of the options vest on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date.

The following table presents stock options vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2020:

|  | Number of shares |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years) |  | Aggregate intrinsic value ($’000)
Vested and expecting to vest - June 30, 2020 |  | 1,331,651 |  |  | 5.83 |  |  | 7.56 |  | -

These options have an exercise price range of $3.07 to $11.23.

The following table presents stock options that are exercisable as of June 30, 2020:

|  | Number of shares |  |  | Weighted average exercise price ($) |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years) |  | Aggregate intrinsic value ($’000)
Exercisable - June 30, 2020 |  | 474,986 |  |  | 8.77 |  |  | 5.26 |  | -

During the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2018, 170,335 and 105,982 stock options became exercisable, respectively. No stock options became exercisable during the year ended June 30, 2019. No stock options were exercised during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, employees forfeited 93,928, 174,695 and 37,333 stock options, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2019, 200,000 stock options awarded in August 2008 and 170,000 stock options awarded in May 2009 expired unexercised. The Company issues new shares to satisfy stock option exercises.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (continued)

The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  |  | Number of shares of restricted stock |  |  | Weighted average grant date fair value ($'000) |  |
Non-vested - July 1, 2017 |  |  | 505,473 |  |  |  | 11,173 |  |
| Total Granted |  |  | 618,411 |  |  |  | 4,581 |  |
|  | Granted - August 2017 |  |  | 588,594 |  |  |  | 4,288 |  |
|  | Granted - March 2018 |  |  | 22,817 |  |  |  | 234 |  |
|  | Granted - May 2018 |  |  | 7,000 |  |  |  | 59 |  |
| Vested - August 2017 |  |  | (56,250) |  |  |  | 527 |  |
| Total forfeitures |  |  | (302,223) |  |  |  | 3,222 |  |
|  | Forfeitures - employee terminations |  |  | (33,635) |  |  |  | 516 |  |
|  | Forfeitures - August and November 2014 awards with market conditions |  |  | (95,326) |  |  |  | 1,133 |  |
|  | Forfeitures - August 2015 awards with performance conditions |  |  | (173,262) |  |  |  | 1,573 |  |
Non-vested - June 30, 2018 |  |  | 765,411 |  |  |  | 3,410 |  |
| Granted - September 2018 |  |  | 148,000 |  |  |  | 114 |  |
| Total vested |  |  | (64,003) |  |  |  | 503 |  |
|  | Vested - August 2018 |  |  | (52,594) |  |  |  | 459 |  |
|  | Vested - March 2019 |  |  | (11,409) |  |  |  | 44 |  |
| Total forfeitures |  |  | (265,500) |  |  |  | 1,060 |  |
|  | Forfeitures - employee terminations |  |  | (115,500) |  |  |  | 460 |  |
|  | Forfeitures - August 2016 awards with performance conditions |  |  | (150,000) |  |  |  | 600 |  |
Non-vested - June 30, 2019 |  |  | 583,908 |  |  |  | 3,410 |  |
| Granted - February 2020 |  |  | 568,000 |  |  |  | 2,300 |  |
| Total vested |  |  | (18,908) |  |  |  | 70 |  |
|  | Vested - March 2020 |  |  | (11,408) |  |  |  | 42 |  |
|  | Vested - March 2020 - accelerated vesting |  |  | (7,500) |  |  |  | 28 |  |
| Forfeitures |  |  | (17,500) |  |  |  | 65 |  |
Non-vested - June 30, 2020 |  |  | 1,115,500 |  |  |  | 5,354 |  |

The February 2020 grants comprise 113,600 shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers that are subject to time-based vesting and 454,400 shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers that are subject to performance and time-based vesting. The September 2018 grants comprise 148,000 shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers that are subject to market and time-based vesting. The Company agreed to accelerate the vesting of 66,800 shares of restricted stock that are subject to time-based vesting and that were granted to Mr. Kotzé in February 2020 pursuant to the terms of the Separation Agreement. These 66,800 shares of restricted stock will vest upon Mr. Kotzé's separation from the Company.

The August 2017 grants comprise (i) 326,000 shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers and employees that are subject to time-based vesting, (ii) 210,000 shares of restricted stock awarded to executive officers that are subject to market and time-based vesting as described above, and (iii) 52,594 shares of restricted stock awarded to non-employee directors. The March 2018 grant relates to an award made to the Company's new chief financial officer. The May 2018 grant comprises 7,000 shares of restricted stock awarded to employees on the same terms as the 326,000 awards made. The 326,000 and 7,000 shares of restricted stock will only vest if the recipient is employed by the Company on a full-time basis on August 23, 2020. The 52,594 shares of restricted stock awarded to non-employee directors only vested if the recipient was a director on August 23, 2018. The 22,817 shares of restricted stock vest in two tranches, 11,409 vested on March 1, 2019, and 11,408 will vest on March 1, 2020, subject to the chief financial officer's continued employment.

The fair value of restricted stock vested during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, was $0.1 million, $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively. During the year ended June 30, 2020, 11,408 shares of restricted stock, representing approximately half of the 22,817 shares granted to our chief financial officer on March 1, 2018, vested on March 1, 2020. During the year ended June 30, 2019, 52,594 shares of restricted stock held by the non-employee directors and 11,409 shares of restricted stock held by the Company's chief financial officer vested. During the year ended June 30, 2018, the Company determined that 56,250 shares of restricted stock held by the non-employee directors as of June 30, 2017, were fully-vested.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (continued)

Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (continued)

During the year ended June 30, 2020, employees forfeited 17,500 shares of restricted stock upon termination and 7,500 shares (50% of the original award) of restricted stock with time-based vesting conditions were forfeited by an executive officer upon the disposal of Net1 Korea and. The Company's Board of Directors accelerated the vesting of the other half of the award and 7,500 vested. During the year ended June 30, 2019, employees forfeited 115,500 shares of restricted stock upon termination which had either time-based or market conditions. In addition, an executive officer forfeited 150,000 shares of restricted stock as the performance conditions were not achieved. During the year ended June 30, 2018, employees forfeited (i) 3,000 shares of restricted stock upon termination which did not have performance or market conditions attached and (ii) 30,635 shares of restricted stock upon termination which had either market or performance conditions. In addition, executive officers and employees forfeited 95,326 shares of restricted stock as the market conditions were not achieved and forfeited 173,262 shares of restricted stock as the performance conditions were not achieved. During the year ended June 30, 2017, employees and the former chief executive officer that resigned during the year ended June 30, 2017, forfeited 205,470 shares of restricted stock that had not vested.

Stock-based compensation charge and unrecognized compensation cost

The Company has recorded a net stock compensation charge of $1.7 million, $0.4 million and $2.6 million for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which comprised:

|  |  |  |  | Total charge |  |  | Allocated to IT processing, servicing and support |  |  | Allocated to selling, general and administration |
Years ended June 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Stock-based compensation charge | $ | 1,873 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 1,873 |
|  | Reversal of stock compensation charge related to stock options and restricted stock forfeited |  | (145 | ) |  | - |  |  | (145 | )
|  |  | Total - years ended June 30, 2020 | $ | 1,728 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 1,728 |
Years ended June 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Stock-based compensation charge | $ | 2,319 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2,319 |
|  | Reversal of stock compensation charge related to stock options and restricted stock forfeited |  | (1,926 | ) |  | - |  |  | (1,926 | )
|  |  | Total - years ended June 30, 2019 | $ | 393 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 393 |
Years ended June 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Stock-based compensation charge | $ | 2,656 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2,656 |
|  | Reversal of stock compensation charge related to stock options and restricted stock forfeited |  | (49 | ) |  | - |  |  | (49 | )
|  |  | Total - years ended June 30, 2018 | $ | 2,607 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2,607 |

The stock-based compensation charges and reversal have been allocated to selling, general and administration based on the allocation of the cash compensation paid to the relevant employees.

As of June 30, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options was approximately $0.9 million, which the Company expects to recognize over approximately two years. As of June 30, 2020, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards was approximately $2.3 million, which the Company expects to recognize over approximately two years.

Tax consequences

The Company recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for the years ended June 30, 2020. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $0.4 million and $0.2 million respectively, related to the deferred tax asset because it does not believe that the stock-based compensation deduction would be utilized as it does not anticipate generating sufficient taxable income in the United States. The Company deducts the difference between the market value on date of exercise by the option recipient and the exercise price from income subject to taxation in the United States.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

19. INCOME TAX

Impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA"), was enacted into law, significantly modifying U.S. federal tax laws. The TCJA reduced the federal statutory tax rate for corporations from 35% to 21% effective from January 1, 2018, eliminates alternative minimum tax for corporations, limits net operating loss carryforwards (and eliminates carrybacks), repeals indirect foreign tax credits carry-forward rules, limits the deductibility of interest expense and transitions the system of U.S. international taxation of corporations from a worldwide tax system to a territorial tax system.

The transition to a territorial tax system has not significantly impacted the Company. The Company generates the majority of its taxable income in tax jurisdictions with tax rates that are higher than the federal statutory tax rate of 21% (mainly South Africa, where its income is taxed at 28%). The most meaningful impact on the Company relates to the limitations on the deductibility of interest and the inclusion of certain passive, so called sub-part F, income in its federal taxation computation.

Global intangible low taxed income

The TCJA creates a new requirement that certain income earned by controlled foreign corporations ("CFCs") must be included in the gross income of the CFCs' U.S. shareholder. Global intangible low taxed income ("GILTI") is the excess of the shareholder's "net CFC tested income" over the net deemed tangible income return, which is currently defined as the excess of (1) 10 percent of the aggregate of the U.S. shareholder's pro rata share of the qualified business asset investment of each CFC with respect to which it is a U.S. shareholder over (2) the amount of certain interest expense taken into account in the determination of net CFC-tested income.

GILTI was only applicable for the Company's tax year commencing July 1, 2018 (i.e. its June 2019 tax year). The Company has not incurred a GILTI tax during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, because it primarily operates in tax jurisdictions (such as South Africa and South Korea) which have higher corporate income tax rates than the United States and certain of its South Africa subsidiaries and most of its non-South African subsidiaries have incurred operating losses. However, due the nature and operation of the tax law regarding GILTI, the Company believes that it may incur a GILTI tax in future periods because GILTI is calculated and assessed on an annual basis without regard to prior periods. Any net operating loss carryforwards generated in foreign jurisdictions are excluded from the annual GILIT computation. The result of this is that the Company may pay a GILTI tax on income generated by a controlled foreign corporation in its foreign jurisdiction that is not taxed in that foreign jurisdiction due to the utilization of foreign net operating loss carryforwards.

Deemed repatriation of foreign earnings liability

The TCJA also requires a U.S. shareholder of a specified foreign corporation to include a deemed repatriation of foreign earnings ("Transition Tax") as part of the transition to a territorial tax system. However, the Company did not incur a net Transition Tax liability because it generated sufficient foreign tax credits to offset any potential repatriation transition tax liability. The Transition Tax is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits ("E&P") of certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. In order to determine the amount of any Transition Tax liability, the Company was required to determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. During the year ended June 30, 2018, the Company made a reasonable estimate of its Transition Tax liability as of June 30, 2018, and recorded a provisional Transition Tax, before the application of any foreign tax credits, of $55.8 million, and had no liability after the application of generated foreign tax credits. In fact, the Company generated excess foreign tax credits. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company finalized its Transition Tax liability as of June 30, 2018, and incurred a Transition Tax, before the application of any foreign tax credits, of $56.9 million, and has no liability after the application of generated foreign tax credits.

Income tax provision

The table below presents the components of income before income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
South Africa | $ | (26,230 | ) | $ | (273,265 | ) | $ | 131,366 |
Liechtenstein |  | (17,519 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |
United States |  | (8,984 | ) |  | (23,479 | ) |  | (15,329 | )
Other |  | (12,283 | ) |  | (22,699 | ) |  | (21,479 | )
| (Loss) Income before income taxes | $ | (65,016 | ) | $ | (319,443 | ) | $ | 94,558 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

19. INCOME TAX (continued)

Income tax provision (continued)

Presented below is the provision for income taxes by location of the taxing jurisdiction for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |  | (as restated)(A) |
Current income tax | $ | 1,652 |  | $ | 4,789 |  | $ | 90,467 |
| South Africa |  | 1,552 |  |  | 3,689 |  |  | 35,745 |
| United States |  | 12 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 55,788 |
| Other |  | 88 |  |  | - |  |  | (1,066) |
Deferred taxation charge (benefit) |  | 932 |  |  | (8,917) |  |  | 10,108 |
| South Africa |  | 653 |  |  | (8,538) |  |  | 9,149 |
| United States |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 477 |
| Other |  | 279 |  |  | (383) |  |  | 482 |
Foreign tax credits generated - United States |  | 72 |  |  | (944) |  |  | (55,778) |
Change in tax rate - United States |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 309 |
| Income tax provision (benefit) | $ | 2,656 |  | $ | (5,072) |  | $ | 45,106 |

(A) Deferred taxation (benefit) charge - South Africa for 2019 and 2018 have been restated to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1.

There were no changes to the enacted tax rate in the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018. However, during the year ended June 30, 2018, there were changes to the U.S. tax code which, among other things, changed the Federal tax rate. The Company has a June year end and used a blended rate of 28.10% for its tax year ending June 30, 2018, in the U.S. Certain of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities which it expected would be utilized/ reversed during the period ended June 30, 2018, were re-measured at the blended rate and those deferred taxes that the Company believed would only be utilized/ reversed in subsequent tax years, were re-measured at 21%. The net impact of the change in the tax rate on the Company's deferred taxes included in income tax expense during the year ended June 30, 2018, was $0.3 million. The Company also provided an additional valuation allowance of approximately $0.6 million during the year ended June 30, 2018, related to net operating loss carryforwards that it believed would not be utilized as a result of the enactment of the TCJA.

During the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company incurred net operating losses through certain of it its South African wholly-owned subsidiaries and recorded a deferred taxation benefit related to these losses. However, the Company has created a valuation allowance for these net operating losses which reduced the deferred taxation benefit recorded. The movement in the valuation allowance for the year ended June 30, 2018, is primarily attributable to the creation of the valuation allowance related to excess tax credits recognized from the preliminary Transition Tax calculation and the creation of a valuation allowance related to net operating losses generated during the year ended June 30, 2018, that the Company does not believe it will be able to utilize in the foreseeable future.

The Company incurred a net capital gain, after the application of capital loss carryforwards, related to the internal restructuring of a wholly-owned subsidiary during the year ended June 30, 2020. The Company also generated taxable capital gains during the year ended June 30, 2020, related to the disposal of FIHRST (refer to Note 3) and the sale of DNI (refer to Note 10) but utilized capital loss carryforwards to reduce the capital gains on these transactions to zero ($0).

The Company calculated its Transition Tax liability as of June 30, 2018, and incurred a Transition Tax, before the application of any foreign tax credits, of $55.8 million, and has no liability after the application of generated foreign tax credits. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded the difference of $1.1 million between the Transition Tax liability of $56.9 million and the provisional Transition Tax liability of $55.8 million in current income tax, United States. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the Company also included the additional foreign tax credits utilized of $1.1 million against this Transition Tax in foreign tax credits generated - United States. During the year ended June 30, 2018, the Company included a provisional Transition Tax of $55.8 million in current income tax, United States. Foreign tax credits of $65.3 million were generated and included in the computation of provisional Transition Tax of which $55.8 million were utilized against the Transition Tax in that year. The foreign tax credits utilized are included in Foreign tax credits generated - United States for the year ended June 30, 2018.

As discussed above, the Company has generated excess foreign tax credits related to the Transition Tax and any distribution received from Net1's subsidiaries will first be applied against the deemed distributions recognized as a result of the Transition Tax as so called "previously taxed income, or PTI". Therefore distributions actually made during the year ended June 30, 2018, were treated as PTI and did not generate any additional foreign tax credits because the quantum of the actual distributions were lower than the deemed distributions calculated as a result of the Transition Tax.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

19. INCOME TAX (continued)

A reconciliation of income taxes, calculated at the fully-distributed South African income tax rate to the Company's effective tax rate, for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, is as follows:

|  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |  | (as restated)(A)
Income taxes at fully-distributed South African tax rates | 28.00% |  | 28.00% |  | 28.00%
| Release from FCTR | (14.65%) |  | - |  | -
| Non-deductible items | (10.38%) |  | (3.33%) |  | 13.25%
| Foreign tax rate differential | (4.17%) |  | (0.07%) |  | 0.14%
| Subpart F inclusions | (2.85%) |  | - |  | -
| Movement in valuation allowance | 1.64% |  | (22.98%) |  | 6.35%
| Capital gains differential | (1.59%) |  | (1.46%) |  | (1.92%)
| Foreign tax credits | (0.08%) |  | 0.35% |  | (58.99%)
| Prior year adjustments | (0.01%) |  | (0.03%) |  | 0.04%
| Taxation on deemed dividends in the United States | - |  | 1.45% |  | 2.04%
| Transition Tax | - |  | (0.34%) |  | 58.79%
| Change in tax laws - United States | - |  | - |  | -
|  | Income tax provision | (4.09%) |  | 1.59% |  | 47.70%

(A) Non-deductible items for 2019 and 2018 have been restated to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1.

Percentages included in the 2020 and 2019 columns in the reconciliation of income taxes presented above are impacted by the loss incurred by the Company during the year ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. For instance, the income tax provision of $ 2.7 million represents (4.09%) multiplied by the net loss before tax of $ (65,016). Movement in the valuation allowance for the year ended June 30, 2020, includes allowances created related to net operating losses incurred during the year and valuation allowances created for a deferred tax asset recorded related to the deconsolidation of CPS and other corporate transactions. Release from FCTR for the year ended June 30, 2020, relates to the releases from accumulated other comprehensive loss (refer to Note 16) that are not deductible for tax purposes. Non-deductible items for the year ended June 30, 2020, includes the option termination fee paid and the goodwill impairment loss recognized.

Movement in the valuation allowance for the year ended June 30, 2019, includes allowances created related to net operating losses incurred during the year and a valuation allowance created for a deferred tax asset recorded related to the DNI disposal capital losses generated (refer to Note 10) and the Cell C capital loss following the fair value adjustment (refer to Note 7). Non-deductible items for the year ended June 30, 2019, includes the impairment losses recognized related to goodwill impaired.

Non-deductible items for the year ended June 30, 2018, includes the impairment loss recognized related to goodwill impaired, non-deductible interest on borrowings and the accretion of interest. The impact on foreign tax during the year ended June 30, 2018, was primarily due to the impact of the Transition Tax.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

19. INCOME TAX (continued)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Deferred income taxes reflect the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The primary components of the temporary differences that gave rise to the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of June 30, and their classification, were as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |
Total deferred tax assets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Capital losses related to investments | $ | 36,721 |  | $ | 43,569 |
| Net operating loss carryforwards |  | 32,459 |  |  | 35,821 |
| Foreign tax credits |  | 32,799 |  |  | 32,799 |
| Provisions and accruals |  | 3,936 |  |  | 13,230 |
| FTS patent |  | 181 |  |  | 277 |
| Other |  | 815 |  |  | 529 |
|  | Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance |  | 106,911 |  |  | 126,225 |
|  |  | Valuation allowances |  | (106,433 | ) |  | (125,887 | )
|  |  |  | Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance |  | 478 |  |  | 338 |
Total deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
| Intangible assets |  | 171 |  |  | 340 |
| Investments |  | 1,755 |  |  | 1,019 |
| Other |  | 53 |  |  | 69 |
|  | Total deferred tax liabilities |  | 1,979 |  |  | 1,428 |
Reported as |  |  |  |  |  |
| Long-term deferred tax assets |  | 358 |  |  | 234 |
| Long-term deferred tax liabilities |  | 1,859 |  |  | 1,324 |
|  | Net deferred income tax liabilities | $ | 1,501 |  | $ | 1,090 |

(A) Total deferred tax liabilities: Investments and long-term deferred tax liabilities have been restated to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1.

Increase in total net deferred income tax liabilities

Capital losses related to investments

Capital losses as of June 30, 2020, related to investments decreased primarily related to the 2020 utilization of capital losses generated in prior years and due to the impact of currency changes between the South Africa Rand against the United States dollar. The June 30, 2020 amounts comprises the capital loss arising from the difference between the amount paid for Cell C in August 2017 and the its fair value as of June 30, 2020, of $0.0 million, and difference between the amount paid for CPS in 2004 and the its fair value as of June 30, 2020, of $0.0 million.

Net operating loss carryforwards

Net operating loss carryforwards have decreased primarily as a result of the utilization of prior period net operating loss carryforwards and currency changes between the South Africa Rand against the United States dollar, but partially offset by the increase in losses incurred by certain of the Company's subsidiaries.

Provisions and accruals

Deferred tax assets - provisions and accruals decreased during the year ended June 30, 2020, primarily as a result of the deconsolidation of CPS.

Decrease in valuation allowance

At June 30, 2020, the Company had deferred tax assets of $0.5 million (2019: $0.3 million), net of the valuation allowance. Management believes, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the valuation allowance. However, the amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable could be adjusted in the future if estimates of taxable income are revised.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

19. INCOME TAX (continued)

At June 30, 2020, the Company had a valuation allowance of $106.4 million (2020: $125.9 million) to reduce its deferred tax assets to estimated realizable value. The movement in the valuation allowance for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, is presented below:

|  |  | Total |  |  | Capital losses related to investments |  |  | Net operating loss carry-forwards |  |  | Foreign tax credits |  |  | FTS patent |  |  | Other |
| July 1, 2018 | $ | 48,691 |  | $ | 3,226 |  | $ | 9,047 |  | $ | 32,644 |  | $ | 57 |  | $ | 3,717 |
Charged to statement of operations |  | 79,029 |  |  | 40,159 |  |  | 26,570 |  |  | 155 |  |  | - |  |  | 12,145 |
Reversed to statement of operations |  | (881 | ) |  | - |  |  | (198 | ) |  | - |  |  | (57 | ) |  | (626 | )
Utilized |  | (1,730 | ) |  | - |  |  | (10 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (1,720 | )
Foreign currency adjustment |  | 778 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 452 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 142 |
| June 30, 2019 |  | 125,887 |  |  | 43,569 |  |  | 35,861 |  |  | 32,799 |  |  | - |  |  | 13,658 |
Reversed to statement of operations |  | (14,314 | ) |  | (5,486 | ) |  | (77 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (8,751 | )
Charged to statement of operations |  | 27,700 |  |  | 5,399 |  |  | 20,602 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 1,699 |
Deconsolidation |  | (16,130 | ) |  | - |  |  | (15,830 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (300 | )
Utilized |  | (3,896 | ) |  | - |  |  | (3,632 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (264 | )
Foreign currency adjustment |  | (12,814 | ) |  | (6,761 | ) |  | (4,651 | ) |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | (1,402 | )
| June 30, 2020 | $ | 106,433 |  | $ | 36,721 |  | $ | 32,273 |  | $ | 32,799 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 4,640 |

Net operating loss carryforwards and foreign tax credits

United States

The TCJA amends the rules regarding net operating loss carryforwards for Federal income tax purposes effective from July 1, 2018. The new rules prohibit net operating loss carrybacks, allow indefinite net operating loss carryforwards and limit the amount of the net operating loss carryforwards generated after July 1, 2018, that may be used against future taxable income, to 80% of taxable income before the net operating loss deduction. These new rules did not impact the Company's net operating loss carryforwards generated during the year ended June 30, 2018 and in prior periods.

In March 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (the "Cares Act") was enacted. The Cares Act, among other items, provides for a temporary repeal of the 80 percent net operating loss limitation and provides temporary modifications to the limitation on deductibility of business interest.

As of June 30, 2020, Net1 had net operating loss carryforwards that will expire, if unused, as follows:

Year of expiration |  |  | U.S. net operating loss carry forwards |
2024 |  | $ | 1,141 |

During the year ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, Net1 generated additional direct foreign tax credits related to dividends received from a foreign investment. Net1 had no net unused foreign tax credits that are more likely than not to be realized as of June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Uncertain tax positions

As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits which would impact the Company's effective tax rate. The Company files income tax returns mainly in South Africa, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Malta, the United Kingdom, Botswana and in the U.S. federal jurisdiction. As of June 30, 2020, the Company's South African subsidiaries are no longer subject to income tax examination by the South African Revenue Service for periods before June 30, 2016. The Company is subject to income tax in other jurisdictions outside South Africa, none of which are individually material to its financial position, statement of cash flows, or results of operations. The Company does not expect the change related to unrecognized tax benefits will have a significant impact on its results of operations or financial position in the next 12 months.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

20. (LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company has issued redeemable common stock (refer to Note 15) which is redeemable at an amount other than fair value. Redemption of a class of common stock at other than fair value increases or decreases the carrying amount of the redeemable common stock and is reflected in basic earnings per share using the two-class method. There were no redemptions of common stock, or adjustments to the carrying value of the redeemable common stock during the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Accordingly, the two-class method presented below does not include the impact of any redemption.

Basic (loss) earnings per share include shares of restricted stock that meet the definition of a participating security because these shares are eligible to receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents at the same rate as common stock. Basic (loss) earnings per share have been calculated using the two-class method and basic (loss) earnings per share for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, reflects only undistributed earnings. The computation below of basic (loss) earnings per share excludes the net loss attributable to shares of unvested restricted stock (participating non-vested restricted stock) from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of these unvested shares of restricted stock from the denominator.

Diluted (loss) earnings per share have been calculated to give effect to the number of shares of additional common stock that would have been outstanding if the potential dilutive instruments had been issued in each period. Stock options are included in the calculation of diluted (loss) earnings per share utilizing the treasury stock method and are not considered to be participating securities, as the stock options do not contain non-forfeitable dividend rights. The calculation of diluted (loss) earnings per share includes the dilutive effect of a portion of the restricted stock granted to employees in August and November 2014, August 2015, August 2016, August 2017, March 2018, September 2018, and February 2020 as these shares of restricted stock are considered contingently returnable shares for the purposes of the diluted earnings per share calculation and the vesting conditions in respect of a portion of the restricted stock had been satisfied. The vesting conditions are discussed in Note 18.

The following table presents net (loss) income attributable to Net1 and the share data used in the basic and diluted (loss) earnings per share computations using the two-class method for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |  |  | (as restated)(A) |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | (in thousands except percent and per share data) |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net (loss) earnings attributable to Net1 |  | $ | (78,358) |  |  | $ | (311,007) |  |  | $ | 62,087 |  |
| Undistributed (loss) earnings |  |  | (78,358) |  |  |  | (311,007) |  |  |  | 62,087 |  |
|  |  | Continuing |  |  | (97,214) |  |  |  | (311,761) |  |  |  | 52,142 |  |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | $ | 18,856 |  |  | $ | 754 |  |  | $ | 9,945 |  |
| Percent allocated to common shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (Calculation 1) |  |  | 98% |  |  |  | 99% |  |  |  | 98% |  |
| Numerator for (loss) earnings per share: basic and diluted |  | $ | (76,827) |  |  | $ | (306,640) |  |  | $ | 61,052 |  |
|  |  | Continuing |  |  | (95,315) |  |  |  | (307,383) |  |  |  | 51,273 |  |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | $ | 18,488 |  |  | $ | 743 |  |  | $ | 9,779 |  |
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Denominator for basic (loss) earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| weighted-average common shares outstanding |  |  | 56,003 |  |  |  | 55,963 |  |  |  | 55,860 |  |
| Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Stock options |  |  | - |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 51 |  |
|  |  | Denominator for diluted (loss) earnings per share: adjusted weighted average common shares outstanding and assumed conversion |  |  | 56,003 |  |  |  | 55,981 |  |  |  | 55,911 |  |
(Loss) Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Basic |  | $ | (1.37) |  |  | $ | (5.48) |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |
|  |  | Continuing |  | $ | (1.70) |  |  | $ | (5.49) |  |  | $ | 0.92 |  |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |
| Diluted |  | $ | (1.37) |  |  | $ | (5.48) |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |
|  |  | Continuing |  | $ | (1.70) |  |  | $ | (5.49) |  |  | $ | 0.92 |  |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |
(Calculation 1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding (A) |  |  | 56,003 |  |  |  | 55,963 |  |  |  | 55,860 |  |
| Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding and unvested restricted shares expected to vest (B) |  |  | 57,119 |  |  |  | 56,760 |  |  |  | 56,807 |  |
| Percent allocated to common shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| (A) / (B) |  |  | 98% |  |  |  | 99% |  |  |  | 99% |  |

(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

20. (LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE (continued)

Options to purchase 1,331,651, 864,579 and 660,698 shares of the Company's common stock at prices ranging from $3.07 to $11.23 (2020), $6.20 to $11.23 (2019) and $10.59 to $24.46 (2018) per share were outstanding during the year ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted (loss) earnings per share because the options' exercise prices were greater than the average market price of the Company's common shares. The options, which expire at various dates through October 14, 2029, were still outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

21. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

The following table presents supplemental cash flow disclosures for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Cash received from interest | $ | 3,057 |  | $ | 5,596 |  | $ | 16,835 |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 6,050 |  | $ | 10,636 |  | $ | 8,645 |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 5,001 |  | $ | 13,110 |  | $ | 41,065 |

Investing activities

The transaction referred to in Note 3 under which the Company reduced its shareholding in DNI from 55% to 38% and used the proceeds, of $27.6 million, from the sale to settle its obligation, of $27.6 million, to subscribe for additional shares in DNI was closed using a cashless settlement process. Therefore, the proceeds from sale and the settlement of the obligation to subscribe for additional shares in DNI were not included in net cash provided by investing activities in the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2019.

The transaction referred to in Note 3 and Note 13 under which the Company reduced its shareholding in DNI from 38% to 30% and used the proceeds from the sale to settle a portion of its long-term borrowings, of $15.0 million, was closed using a cashless settlement process. Therefore, the proceeds from sale was not included in net cash provided by (used in) investing activities in the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2019.

As disclosed in Note 10, during the year ended June 30, 2018, the Company agreed to underwrite the Finbond rights offer up to an amount of 55,585,514 shares and utilized a $10.0 million loan due by Finbond to the Company to acquire the 55,585,514 Finbond shares. Therefore, as this transaction was net settled in 2018 and there was no transfer of cash between the parties, the repayment of the loan by Finbond and the acquisition of 55,585,514 Finbond shares are not included within net cash provided by (utilized) in investing activities in the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2018.

Financing activities

The transaction referred to in Note 3 and Note 10 under which the Company reduced its shareholding in DNI from 38% to 30% and used the proceeds from the sale to settle a portion of its long-term borrowings, of $15.0 million was closed using a cashless settlement process. Therefore, the part settlement of the long-term borrowings was not included in net cash (used in) provided by financing activities in the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2019.

Disaggregation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included on the Company's consolidated statement of cash flows includes restricted cash related to cash withdrawn from the Company's various debt facilities to fund ATMs. This cash may only be used to fund ATMs and is considered restricted as to use and therefore is classified as restricted cash. Refer to Note 13 for additional information regarding the Company's facilities. The following table presents the disaggregation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Continuing | $ | 217,671 |  | $ | 20,014 |  | $ | 57,607 |
Discontinued |  | - |  |  | 26,051 |  |  | 32,447 |
| Cash and cash equivalents |  | 217,671 |  |  | 46,065 |  |  | 90,054 |
| Restricted cash |  | 14,814 |  |  | 75,446 |  |  | - |
|  | Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 232,485 |  | $ | 121,511 |  | $ | 90,054 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

21. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION (continued)

Leases

The following table presents supplemental cash flow disclosure related to leases for the year ended June 30, 2020:

|  | 2020 |
Cash paid related to short-term leases | $ | 4,244 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | 3,603 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 2,974 |

22. OPERATING SEGMENTS

The Company discloses segment information as reflected in the management information systems reports that its chief operating decision maker uses in making decisions and to report certain entity-wide disclosures about products and services, major customers, and the countries in which the entity holds material assets or reports material revenues.

The Company currently has three reportable segments: South African transaction processing, International transaction processing and Financial inclusion and applied technologies. The South African transaction processing and Financial inclusion and applied technologies segments operate mainly within South Africa while the International transaction processing segment operates mainly within South Korea, Hong Kong and the European Union. The Company's reportable segments offer different products and services and require different resources and marketing strategies and share the Company's assets.

The South African transaction processing segment currently consists mainly of an ATM infrastructure deployed in South Africa, transaction processing for retailers, utilities, and banks, and a welfare benefit distribution service provided to the South African government through September 30, 2018. The welfare benefit distribution services ceased following the SASSA contract expiration on September 30, 2018. Fee income is earned from customers utilizing our ATM infrastructure. Utility providers and banks are charged a fee for transaction processing services performed on their behalf at retailers. Fee income was also earned based on the number of recipient cardholders paid through September 30, 2018. There were no individually significant customers providing more than 10% of total revenue during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. This segment had an individually significant customer that accounted for more than 10% of the total revenue of the Company during the year ended June 30, 2018 (19%). During the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the operating segment incurred goodwill impairment losses of $5.6 million, $1.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively (refer to Note 10).

The International transaction processing segment consists mainly of activities in South Korea from which the Company generated revenue from the provision of payment processing services to merchants and card issuers. The Company's South Korean business has been reported as a discontinued operation following its disposal in March 2020 (refer to Note 3). Accordingly, the Company's South Korean business did not contribute to segment performance during the last four months of the year ended June 30, 2020. This segment included fee revenue from the provision of payment processing services and to a lesser extent from the sale of goods, primarily point of sale terminals, to customers in South Korea up until the sale of our Korean operations. Fees generated from payment services processing and other processing activities by the IPG are included in this segment. During the year ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the operating segment incurred goodwill impairment losses of $7.0 million and $19.9 million, respectively (refer to Note 10).

The Financial inclusion and applied technologies segment derives revenue from the provision of short-term loans as a principal and the provision of bank accounts, as a fixed monthly fee per account is charged for the maintenance of these accounts. This segment also includes fee income and associated expenses from merchants and card holders using the Company's merchant acquiring system, the sale of prepaid products (electricity and airtime) as well as the sale of hardware and software. Finally, the Company earns premium income from the sale of life insurance products through its insurance business. DNI was acquired on June 30, 2018, and was allocated to the Financial inclusion and applied technologies segment. DNI contributed to segment performance for the first nine months of the year ended June 30, 2019. DNI has been reported as a discontinued operation following its disposal of the Company's controlling interest in March 2019 (refer to Note 3). Accordingly, DNI did not contribute to segment performance during the year ended June 30, 2020, the last three months of the year ended June 30, 2019 and during the year ended June 30, 2018.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

22. OPERATING SEGMENTS (continued)

DNI primarily derived revenue from fees generated through the distribution of starter packs and, to a less extent, from interest income earned through the provision of financing to Cell C in order for it to expand components of Cell C's telecommunications infrastructure in South Africa. During the year ended June 30, 2019, the operating segment incurred a goodwill impairment loss of $6.2 million (refer to Note 10).

Corporate/eliminations includes the Company's head office cost center and the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. The $17.5 million termination fee paid to terminate the Bank Frick option (refer to Note 10) during the year ended June 30, 2020, has been allocated to corporate/ elimination. The $5.3 million impairment loss related to the impairment of DNI intangible assets (refer to Note 3) during the year ended June 30, 2019, has been allocated to corporate/ elimination.

The reconciliation of the reportable segment's revenue to revenue from external customers for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is as follows:

|  |  |  |  | Revenue |
|  |  |  |  | Reportable Segment |  | Corporate/ Eliminations (Note 14) |  | Inter-segment |  | From external customers |
South African transaction processing | $ | 73,796 |  | $ | 0 |  | $ | 7,956 |  | $ | 65,840 |
International transaction processing |  | 90,416 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 90,416 |
| Continuing |  | 5,041 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 5,041 |
| Discontinued |  | 85,375 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 85,375 |
Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 82,342 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,226 |  |  | 80,116 |
| Total for the years ended June 30, 2020 |  | 246,554 |  |  | - |  |  | 10,182 |  |  | 236,372 |
|  | Continuing |  | 161,179 |  |  | - |  |  | 10,182 |  |  | 150,997 |
|  | Discontinued | $ | 85,375 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 85,375 |
South African transaction processing | $ | 96,038 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 6,990 |  | $ | 89,048 |
International transaction processing |  | 148,268 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 148,268 |
| Continuing |  | 9,842 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 9,842 |
| Discontinued |  | 138,426 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 138,426 |
Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 146,184 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,801 |  |  | 143,383 |
| Continuing |  | 89,847 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,801 |  |  | 87,046 |
| Discontinued |  | 56,337 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 56,337 |
Reportable segments |  | 390,490 |  |  | - |  |  | 9,791 |  |  | 380,699 |
Corporate/Eliminations - revenue refund (Note 14) |  | - |  |  | (19,709) |  |  | - |  |  | (19,709) |
|  | Total for the years ended June 30, 2019 |  | 390,490 |  |  | (19,709) |  |  | 9,791 |  |  | 360,990 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 195,727 |  |  | (19,709) |  |  | 9,791 |  |  | 166,227 |
|  |  | Discontinued | $ | 194,763 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 194,763 |
South African transaction processing | $ | 268,047 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 29,949 |  | $ | 238,098 |
International transaction processing |  | 180,027 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 180,027 |
| Continuing |  | 26,713 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 26,713 |
| Discontinued |  | 153,314 |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 153,314 |
Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 221,906 |  |  | - |  |  | 27,142 |  |  | 194,764 |
| Continuing |  | 221,906 |  |  | - |  |  | 27,142 |  |  | 194,764 | -
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | -
|  | Total for the years ended June 30, 2018 |  | 669,980 |  |  | - |  |  | 57,091 |  |  | 612,889 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 516,666 |  |  | - |  |  | 57,091 |  |  | 459,575 |
|  |  | Discontinued | $ | 153,314 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 153,314 |

The Company does not allocate interest income, interest expense or income tax expense to its reportable segments. The Company evaluates segment performance based on segment operating income before acquisition-related intangible asset amortization which represents operating income before acquisition-related intangible asset amortization and allocation of expenses allocated to Corporate/Eliminations, all under GAAP.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

22. OPERATING SEGMENTS (continued)

The reconciliation of the reportable segments measures of profit or loss to income before income taxes for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is as follows:

|  |  | 2020 |  | 2019(1) |  | 2018 |
Reportable segments measure of profit or loss | $ | (20,247) |  | $ | (42,692) |  | $ | 85,690 |
| Less: Discontinued operations: reportable segments' measure of profit or loss |  | (14,568) |  |  | (43,739) |  |  | (17,977) |
| Continuing operations: reportable segments' measure of profit or loss |  | (34,815) |  |  | (86,431) |  |  | 67,713 |
| Continuing operations : Operating income - Corporate/Eliminations |  | (9,433) |  |  | (48,501) |  |  | (13,904) |
| Change in fair value of equity securities |  | - |  |  | (167,459) |  |  | 32,473 |
| Gain on disposal of FIHRST (Note 3) |  | 9,743 |  |  | - |  |  | - |
| (Loss) Gain on disposal of DNI interest as an equity method investment (Note 3) |  | (1,010) |  |  | 177 |  |  | - |
| Loss on deconsolidation of CPS (Note 3) |  | (7,148) |  |  | - |  |  | - |
| Termination fee to cancel Bank Frick option |  | (17,517) |  |  | - |  |  | - |
| Interest income |  | 2,805 |  |  | 5,424 |  |  | 16,845 |
| Interest expense |  | (7,641) |  |  | (9,860) |  |  | (8,569) |
| Impairment of Cedar Cellular Note |  | - |  |  | (12,793) |  |  | - |
|  | Loss before income taxes | $ | (65,016) |  | $ | (319,443) |  | $ | 94,558 |

(1) - Operating loss: Corporate/Eliminations includes $34.0 million related to the accrual referred to in Note 13.

The following tables summarize segment information for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| South African transaction processing | $ | 73,796 |  | $ | 96,038 |  | $ | 268,047 |
| International transaction processing |  | 90,416 |  |  | 148,268 |  |  | 180,027 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 5,041 |  |  | 9,842 |  |  | 26,713 |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | 85,375 |  |  | 138,426 |  |  | 153,314 |
| Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 82,342 |  |  | 146,184 |  |  | 221,906 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 82,342 |  |  | 89,847 |  |  | 221,906 |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | - |  |  | 56,337 |  |  | - |
|  |  |  |  | Total |  | 246,554 |  |  | 390,490 |  |  | 669,980 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Continuing |  | 161,179 |  |  | 195,727 |  |  | 516,666 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Discontinued |  | 85,375 |  |  | 194,763 |  |  | 153,314 |
Operating (loss) income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| South African transaction processing (1) |  | (19,575) |  |  | (30,771) |  |  | 42,796 |
| International transaction processing |  | 2,051 |  |  | 2,837 |  |  | (12,478) |
|  |  | Continuing |  | (12,517) |  |  | (16,502) |  |  | (30,455) |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | 14,568 |  |  | 19,339 |  |  | 17,977 |
| Financial inclusion and applied technologies(1) |  | (2,723) |  |  | (14,758) |  |  | 55,372 |
|  |  | Continuing (1) |  | (2,723) |  |  | (39,158) |  |  | 55,372 |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | - |  |  | 24,400 |  |  | - |
|  |  |  | Subtotal: Operating segments |  | (20,247) |  |  | (42,692) |  |  | 85,690 |
|  |  |  | Corporate/Eliminations |  | (15,217) |  |  | (70,816) |  |  | (26,741) |
|  |  |  |  | Continuing |  | (9,433) |  |  | (48,501) |  |  | (13,904) |
|  |  |  |  | Discontinued |  | (5,784) |  |  | (22,315) |  |  | (12,837) |
|  |  |  |  |  | Total (1) |  | (35,464) |  |  | (113,508) |  |  | 58,949 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Continuing (1) |  | (44,248) |  |  | (134,932) |  |  | 53,809 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Discontinued | $ | 8,784 |  | $ | 21,424 |  | $ | 5,140 |

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

22. OPERATING SEGMENTS (continued)

The following tables summarize segment information for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| South African transaction processing | $ | 2,512 |  | $ | 3,612 |  | $ | 4,625 |
| International transaction processing |  | 4,405 |  |  | 9,962 |  |  | 17,627 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 502 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 750 |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | 3,903 |  |  | 9,708 |  |  | 16,877 |
| Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 1,368 |  |  | 1,968 |  |  | 1,441 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 1,368 |  |  | 1,355 |  |  | 1,441 |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | - |  |  | 613 |  |  | - |
|  |  |  | Subtotal: Operating segments |  | 8,285 |  |  | 15,542 |  |  | 23,693 |
|  |  |  | Corporate/Eliminations |  | 5,014 |  |  | 21,807 |  |  | 11,791 |
|  |  |  |  | Continuing |  | 265 |  |  | 6,882 |  |  | 3,657 |
|  |  |  |  | Discontinued |  | 4,749 |  |  | 14,925 |  |  | 8,134 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 13,299 |  |  | 37,349 |  |  | 35,484 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Continuing |  | 4,647 |  |  | 12,103 |  |  | 10,473 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Discontinued |  | 8,652 |  |  | 25,246 |  |  | 25,011 |
Expenditures for long-lived assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| South African transaction processing |  | 3,443 |  |  | 3,590 |  |  | 3,988 |
| International transaction processing |  | 2,206 |  |  | 3,607 |  |  | 4,397 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 703 |  |  | 664 |  |  | 139 |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | 1,503 |  |  | 2,943 |  |  | 4,258 |
| Financial inclusion and applied technologies |  | 289 |  |  | 2,219 |  |  | 1,264 |
|  |  | Continuing |  | 289 |  |  | 1,488 |  |  | 1,264 |
|  |  | Discontinued |  | - |  |  | 731 |  |  | - |
|  |  |  | Subtotal: Operating segments |  | 5,938 |  |  | 9,416 |  |  | 9,649 |
|  |  |  | Corporate/Eliminations |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |
|  |  |  |  |  | Total |  | 5,938 |  |  | 9,416 |  |  | 9,649 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Continuing |  | 4,435 |  |  | 5,742 |  |  | 5,391 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Discontinued | $ | 1,503 |  | $ | 3,674 |  | $ | 4,258 |

(1) South African transaction processing and Financial inclusion and applied technologies include retrenchment costs for the year ended June 30, 2019, of: $4,665 and $1,604, respectively, for total retrenchment costs for the year ended June 30, 2019, of $6,269. The retrenchment costs are included in selling, general and administration expense on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended June 30, 2019.

The segment information as reviewed by the chief operating decision maker does not include a measure of segment assets per segment as all of the significant assets are used in the operations of all, rather than any one, of the segments. The Company does not have dedicated assets assigned to a particular operating segment. Accordingly, it is not meaningful to attempt an arbitrary allocation and segment asset allocation is therefore not presented.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

22. OPERATING SEGMENTS (continued)

Geographic Information

Long-lived assets based on the geographic location for the years ended June 30, 2020, 2019 and 2018, are presented in the table below:

|  |  | Long-lived assets |
|  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |  |  | (as restated)(B) |
South Africa | $ | 68,521 |  | $ | 141,235 |  | $ | 493,902 |
Liechtenstein - investment in Bank Frick (Note 10) |  | 29,739 |  |  | 47,240 |  |  | 48,129 |
India - investment in MobiKwik (Note 10) |  | 26,993 |  |  | 26,993 |  |  | 26,917 |
South Korea (Note 3) |  | - |  |  | 149,390 |  |  | 177,388 |
Rest of world |  | 9,119 |  |  | 9,739 |  |  | 41,597 |
| Total | $ | 134,372 |  | $ | 374,597 |  | $ | 787,933 |

(A) The South Africa and total amounts have been restated by $2,689 to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1.

(B) The South Africa and total amounts have been restated by $ 2,540 to correct the misstatement discussed in Note 1.

23. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Capital commitments

As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company had outstanding capital commitments of approximately $0.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively.

Purchase obligations

As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company had purchase obligations totaling $1.7 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The purchase obligations as of June 30, 2020, primarily include inventory that will be delivered to the Company and sold to customers in the second half of calendar 2020.

Guarantees

The South African Revenue Service and certain of the Company's customers, suppliers and other business partners have asked the Company to provide them with guarantees, including standby letters of credit, issued by a South African bank. The Company is required to procure these guarantees for these third parties to operate its business.

Nedbank has issued guarantees to these third parties amounting to ZAR 93.6 million ($5.4 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020) and thereby utilizing part of the Company's short-term facility. The Company pays commission of between 0.4% per annum to 1.94% per annum of the face value of these guarantees and does not recover any of the commission from third parties.

The Company has not recognized any obligation related to these counter-guarantees in its consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020. The maximum potential amount that the Company could pay under these guarantees is ZAR 93.6 million ($5.4 million, translated at exchange rates applicable as of June 30, 2020). The guarantees have reduced the amount available for borrowings under the Company's short-term credit facility described in Note 13.

Contingencies

The Company is subject to a variety of other insignificant claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Management currently believes that the resolution of these other matters, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

NET 1 UEPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 and 2018 (All amounts stated in thousands of United States Dollars, unless otherwise stated)

24. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A subsidiary, Transact24, had an existing relationship in place between itself and a company controlled by the spouse of Transact24's Managing Director at the time of the Transact24 acquisition during the year ended June 30, 2016. This arrangement therefore was also in place before the Managing Director became an executive officer of the Company. This relationship was disclosed to the Company during the due diligence process and was considered by the Company's management to be critical to the ongoing operations of Transact24. The company controlled by the spouse of the managing director performed transaction processing and Transact24 provides technical and administration services to the company. These services ceased during the year ended June 30, 2019. The Company has recorded revenue of approximately $0.4 million and $4.4 million related to this relationship during the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Transact24's Managing Director has an indirect interest in these transactions as a result of his relationship with his spouse, with an approximate value of $0.1 million and $0.3 million during the years ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. No amounts were due to the Company as of June 30, 2019.

25. UNAUDITED QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following tables contain selected unaudited consolidated statements of operations information for each quarter of fiscal 2020 and 2019:

|  |  | Three months ended |  |  |  |
|  |  | Jun 30, 2020 |  | Mar 31, 2020 |  | Dec 31, 2019 |  | Sep 30, 2019 |  | June 30, 2020 |
|  |  | (In thousands except per share data) |
Revenue | $ | 25,978 |  | $ | 36,514 |  | $ | 40,567 |  | $ | 47,938 |  | $ | 150,997 |
Operating loss |  | (13,180) |  |  | (14,212) |  |  | (10,420) |  |  | (6,436) |  |  | (44,248) |
Net (loss) income attributable to Net1 |  | (38,880) |  |  | (34,881) |  |  | (205) |  |  | (4,392) |  |  | (78,358) |
|  | Continuing |  | (38,601) |  |  | (48,361) |  |  | (2,925) |  |  | (7,327) |  |  | (97,214) |
|  | Discontinued | $ | (279) |  | $ | 13,480 |  | $ | 2,720 |  | $ | 2,935 |  | $ | 18,856 |
Net (loss) income per share, in United States dollars |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic (loss) earnings attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (0.68) |  | $ | (0.61) |  | $ | - |  | $ | (0.08) |  | $ | (1.37) |
|  | Continuing | $ | (0.68) |  | $ | (0.85) |  | $ | (0.05) |  | $ | (0.13) |  | $ | (1.70) |
|  | Discontinued | $ | (0.00) |  | $ | 0.24 |  | $ | 0.05 |  | $ | 0.05 |  | $ | 0.33 |
Diluted (loss) earnings attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (0.69) |  | $ | (0.62) |  | $ | - |  | $ | (0.08) |  | $ | (1.37) |
|  | Continuing | $ | (0.69) |  | $ | (0.86) |  | $ | (0.05) |  | $ | (0.13) |  | $ | (1.70) |
|  | Discontinued | $ | (0.00) |  | $ | 0.24 |  | $ | 0.05 |  | $ | 0.05 |  | $ | 0.33 |

|  |  | Three months ended |  |  |  |
|  |  | Jun 30, 2019 |  | Mar 31, 2019 |  | Dec 31, 2018 |  | Sep 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2019 |
|  |  | (as restated)(A) |  | (as restated)(A) |  |  |  |  |  | (as restated)(A) |
|  |  | (In thousands except per share data) |
Revenue (Q4 includes $19,709 refund) | $ | 17,053 |  | $ | 36,586 |  | $ | 42,042 |  | $ | 70,546 |  | $ | 166,227 |
Operating (loss) income |  | (52,356) |  |  | (23,776) |  |  | (51,465) |  |  | (7,335) |  |  | (134,932) |
Net (loss) income attributable to Net1 |  | (183,048) |  |  | (58,819) |  |  | (63,941) |  |  | (5,199) |  |  | (311,007) |
|  | Continuing |  | (184,320) |  |  | (51,050) |  |  | (66,723) |  |  | (9,668) |  |  | (311,761) |
|  | Discontinued | $ | 1,272 |  | $ | (7,769) |  | $ | 2,782 |  | $ | 4,469 |  | $ | 754 |
Net (loss) income per share, in United States dollars |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic (loss) earnings attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (3.22) |  | $ | (1.03) |  | $ | (1.12) |  | $ | (0.09) |  | $ | (5.48) |
|  | Continuing | $ | (3.24) |  | $ | (0.90) |  | $ | (1.17) |  | $ | (0.17) |  | $ | (5.49) |
|  | Discontinued | $ | 0.02 |  | $ | (0.13) |  | $ | 0.05 |  | $ | 0.08 |  | $ | 0.01 |
Diluted (loss) earnings attributable to Net1 shareholders | $ | (3.27) |  | $ | (1.04) |  | $ | (1.13) |  | $ | (0.09) |  | $ | (5.48) |
|  | Continuing | $ | (3.29) |  | $ | (0.91) |  | $ | (1.18) |  | $ | (0.17) |  | $ | (5.49) |
|  | Discontinued | $ | 0.02 |  | $ | (0.13) |  | $ | 0.05 |  | $ | 0.08 |  | $ | 0.01 |

(A) Certain amounts have been restated to correct the misstatements discussed in Note 1. The impact of the restatements for the year ended June 30, 2019, have been recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and March 31, 2019, respectively. The impact of the restatements for the year ended June 30, 2018, has been recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2018

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