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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Reconciliation of Total Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

		2015				2014				2013
Beginning uncertain tax benefits		$	2,487			$	1,674			$	1,243
Prior year—increases			120				—				—
Prior year—decreases			(762	)			—				—
Current year—increases			144				1,067				687
Current year—decreases for lapses in statutes of limitations			(439	)			(254	)			(256	)
Ending uncertain tax benefits		$	1,550			$	2,487			$	1,674

Jurisdictions the Company Remains Subject to Tax Examinations

The Company remains subject to tax examinations in the following jurisdictions as of December 31, 2015:

Jurisdiction		Tax Years
United States (Federal and State)			2012-2015
Ireland			2010-2015
United Kingdom			2014-2015

Components of Loss from Operations Before Taxes

The components of loss from operations before taxes were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

		2015				2014				2013
United States		$	(10,137	)		$	(7,331	)		$	(9,234	)
Ireland and United Kingdom			(108,153	)			(51,870	)			(160,187	)
		$	(118,290	)		$	(59,201	)		$	(169,421	)

Benefit from Income Taxes

The benefit from income taxes shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations consists of the following for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

		2015				2014				2013
Current:
Federal-U.S.		$	1,053			$	660			$	122
State-U.S.			113				117				118
Total current		$	1,166			$	777			$	240
Deferred:
Federal-U.S.			(3,343	)			(3,689	)			(4,065	)
State-U.S.			(605	)			(226	)			631
Ireland and United Kingdom			(9,023	)			3,335				(33,106	)
Change in valuation allowance			8,719				(3,034	)			33,106
Total deferred		$	(4,252	)		$	(3,614	)		$	(3,434	)
Benefit from income taxes		$	(3,086	)		$	(2,837	)		$	(3,194	)

Difference between Benefit from Income Taxes and Amount Computed by Applying Statutory Income Tax Rate to Income Before Taxes

The benefit from income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to income before taxes due to the following for fiscal 2015, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

		2015				2014				2013
Benefits from taxes at statutory rate		$	(29,572	)		$	(14,786	)		$	(42,355	)
Rate differential			8,572				9,493				18,494
Change in valuation reserves			8,719				(3,034	)			33,106
Derivative liabilities			187				(2,706	)			(11,984	)
Gain on extinguishment of debt			(328	)			(9,509	)			—
Research and development credits			(1,284	)			(1,455	)			(2,008	)
Tax return to provision adjustments			2,248				10,026				125
Cumulative translation adjustment			7,811				8,061				(280	)
Permanent and other			561				1,073				1,708
Benefit from income taxes		$	(3,086	)		$	(2,837	)		$	(3,194	)

Income Tax Effect of Each Type of Temporary Difference Comprising Net Deferred Tax Asset

The income tax effect of each type of temporary difference comprising the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows (in thousands):

		2015				2014
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses		$	88,996			$	80,096
Stock based compensation			17,975				15,600
Depreciation			74				(90	)
Tax credits			3,076				2,141
Other reserves and accrued liabilities			2,796				1,708
Gross deferred tax assets			112,917				99,455
Less: valuation allowance			(94,684	)			(85,965	)
Total deferred tax assets		$	18,233			$	13,490

Valuation Allowance

The following table reflects the activity in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 (in thousands):

		2015				2014
Beginning valuation allowance		$	85,965			$	88,999
Increase as reflected in income tax expense			16,291				5,081
Cumulative translation adjustment			(7,572	)			(8,115	)
Ending valuation allowance		$	94,684			$	85,965

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- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

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