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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Reconciliation of Total Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | The following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
In thousands |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Beginning uncertain tax benefits |  | $ | 1,734 |  |  | $ | 1,633 |  |  | $ | 1,550 |
Prior year—increases |  |  | 296 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Prior year—decreases |  |  | (762 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | — |
Current year—increases |  |  | 5,547 |  |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 83 |
Ending uncertain tax benefits |  | $ | 6,815 |  |  | $ | 1,734 |  |  | $ | 1,633 |
Jurisdictions the Company Remains Subject to Tax Examinations | The Company files income tax returns in the United States, Ireland and United Kingdom, or UK. The Company remains subject to tax examinations in the following jurisdictions as of December 31, 2018:
Jurisdiction |  |  | Tax Years
United States—Federal |  | 2015-2018
United States—State |  | 2012-2018
Ireland |  | 2014-2018
United Kingdom |  | 2017-2018
Components of Loss from Operations Before Taxes | The components of loss from operations before taxes were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
In thousands |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
United States |  | $ | (13,583 | ) |  | $ | (2,075 | ) |  | $ | (8,115 | )
Ireland and United Kingdom |  |  | (102,766 | ) |  |  | (52,743 | ) |  |  | (68,266 | )
|  |  | $ | (116,349 | ) |  | $ | (54,818 | ) |  | $ | (76,381 | )
Benefit from Income Taxes | The provision for income taxes shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations consists of the following for fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016:
In thousands |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States—Federal |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 1,769 |  |  | $ | 1,033 |
United States—State |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 138 |
Total current |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 1,965 |  |  | $ | 1,171 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States—Federal |  |  | (1,968 | ) |  |  | 5,760 |  |  |  | (4,001 | )
United States—State |  |  | (1,325 | ) |  |  | (487 | ) |  |  | (334 | )
Ireland and United Kingdom |  |  | (5,435 | ) |  |  | (16,306 | ) |  |  | (143 | )
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | 8,728 |  |  |  | 22,115 |  |  |  | 13,276 |
Total deferred |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,082 |  |  | $ | 8,798 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 13,047 |  |  | $ | 9,969 |
Difference between Benefit from Income Taxes and Amount Computed by Applying Statutory Income Tax Rate to Income Before Taxes | The provision for income taxes differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to income before taxes due to the following for fiscal 2018, 2017 and 2016:
In thousands |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Benefits from taxes at statutory rate | $ | (29,087 | ) |  | $ | (13,698 | ) |  | $ | (19,039 | )
Rate differential |  | 9,796 |  |  |  | 3,071 |  |  |  | 4,667 |
Change in valuation reserves |  | 8,728 |  |  |  | 22,115 |  |  |  | 13,276 |
Derivative liabilities |  | 337 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (668 | )
Nondeductible employee compensation |  | 3,058 |  |  |  | 1,668 |  |  |  | 1,164 |
Stock option/RSU windfall |  | (7,684 | ) |  |  | (1,182 | ) |  |  | — |
Research and development credits |  | (1,438 | ) |  |  | (1,177 | ) |  |  | (1,689 | )
Tax return to provision adjustments |  | 6,736 |  |  |  | 5,788 |  |  |  | 4,524 |
U.S. rate change—tax reform |  | — |  |  |  | 7,398 |  |  |  | — |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | 5,711 |  |  |  | (12,554 | ) |  |  | 7,385 |
Permanent and other |  | (404 | ) |  |  | 1,635 |  |  |  | (1,573 | )
Non-deductible interest expense |  | 267 |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | 1,922 |
Tax reserves |  | 4,956 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Long-term debt from royalty-bearing instrument |  | (880 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 13,047 |  |  | $ | 9,969 |
Income Tax Effect of Each Type of Temporary Difference Comprising Net Deferred Tax Asset | The income tax effect of each type of temporary difference comprising the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
In thousands |  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating losses |  | $ | 119,355 |  |  | $ | 110,715 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 8,113 |  |  |  | 12,446 |
Tax credits |  |  | 7,816 |  |  |  | 6,378 |
Other reserves and accrued liabilities |  |  | 6,344 |  |  |  | 3,587 |
Gross deferred tax assets |  |  | 141,628 |  |  |  | 133,126 |
Less: valuation allowance |  |  | (140,117 | ) |  |  | (131,389 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  |  | 1,511 |  |  |  | 1,737 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | (1,011 | ) |  |  | (1,145 | )
Other liabilities |  |  |  | (500 | ) |  |  | (592 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  |  | (1,511 | ) |  |  | (1,737 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Valuation Allowance | The following table reflects the activity in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:
In thousands |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Beginning valuation allowance | $ | 131,389 |  |  | $ | 109,274 |
Increase as reflected in income tax expense |  | 13,609 |  |  |  | 11,466 |
Cumulative translation adjustment |  | (4,881 | ) |  |  | 10,649 |
Ending valuation allowance | $ | 140,117 |  |  | $ | 131,389 |

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