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Real Estate and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Real Estate [Abstract] |
Summary Information About Real Estate Properties | The following table provides certain summary information about the 169 farms we owned as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands, except for footnotes):
Location |  | No. of Farms |  | Total Acres |  | Farm Acres |  | Acre-feet of Water Assets |  | Net Cost Basis(1) |  | Encumbrances(2)
California(3)(4)(5) |  | 63 |  | 34,844 |  | 32,321 |  | 46,400 |  | $ | 850,610 |  |  | $ | 389,405 |
Florida(6) |  | 26 |  | 22,468 |  | 17,639 |  | — |  | 221,185 |  |  | 95,012 |
Washington |  | 6 |  | 2,520 |  | 2,004 |  | — |  | 59,763 |  |  | 20,133 |
Arizona(7) |  | 6 |  | 6,320 |  | 5,333 |  | — |  | 52,119 |  |  | 12,303 |
Colorado |  | 12 |  | 32,773 |  | 25,577 |  | — |  | 45,945 |  |  | 14,599 |
Nebraska |  | 9 |  | 7,782 |  | 7,050 |  | — |  | 30,402 |  |  | 10,357 |
Oregon(8) |  | 6 |  | 898 |  | 736 |  | — |  | 29,534 |  |  | 11,308 |
Michigan |  | 23 |  | 1,892 |  | 1,245 |  | — |  | 23,048 |  |  | 13,868 |
Texas |  | 1 |  | 3,667 |  | 2,219 |  | — |  | 8,101 |  |  | — |
Maryland |  | 6 |  | 987 |  | 863 |  | — |  | 8,013 |  |  | 4,344 |
South Carolina |  | 3 |  | 597 |  | 447 |  | — |  | 3,542 |  |  | 2,147 |
Georgia |  | 2 |  | 230 |  | 175 |  | — |  | 2,317 |  |  | 1,645 |
North Carolina |  | 2 |  | 310 |  | 295 |  | — |  | 2,117 |  |  | — |
New Jersey |  | 3 |  | 116 |  | 101 |  | — |  | 2,100 |  |  | 1,221 |
Delaware |  | 1 |  | 180 |  | 140 |  | — |  | 1,296 |  |  | 697 |
Totals |  | 169 |  | 115,584 |  | 96,145 |  | 46,400 |  | $ | 1,340,092 |  |  | $ | 577,039 |
(1)Consists of the initial acquisition price (including the costs allocated to both tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed), plus subsequent improvements and other capitalized costs associated with the properties, and adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization. Specifically, includes Total real estate, net (excluding improvements paid for by the tenant) and Lease intangibles, net; plus long-term water assets, net above-market lease values, net lease incentives, and net investments in special-purpose LLCs included in Other assets, net; and less net below-market lease values and other deferred revenue included in Other liabilities, net; each as shown on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. (2)Excludes approximately $2.9 million of debt issuance costs related to notes and bonds payable, included in Notes and bonds payable, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. (3)Includes ownership in a special-purpose LLC that owns a pipeline conveying water to certain of our properties. As of December 31, 2023, this investment had a net carrying value of approximately $1.0 million and is included within Other assets, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet. (4)Includes eight acres in which we own a leasehold interest via a ground lease with a private individual that expires in December 2040 and five acres in which we own a leasehold interest via a ground sublease with a California municipality that expires in December 2041. As of December 31, 2023, these two ground leases had a net cost basis of approximately $689,000 and are included in Lease intangibles, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. (5)Includes 46.003 acre-feet of water stored with Semitropic Water Storage District, located in Kern County, California and 397 surplus water credits in our account with Westlands Water District, located in Fresno County, California. See “—Investments in Water Assets” below for additional information. (6)Includes one property classified as held for sale; see “—Real Estate Held for Sale” below for additional information. (7)Includes two farms consisting of 1,368 total acres and 1,221 farm acres in which we own leasehold interests via two ground leases with the State of Arizona that expire in February 2025 and February 2032, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, these ground leases had an aggregate net cost basis of approximately $376,000 and are included in Lease intangibles, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. (8)Includes ownership in a special-purpose LLC that owns certain irrigation infrastructure that provides water to two of our farms. As of December 31, 2023, this investment had a net carrying value of approximately $4.8 million and is included within Other assets, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Summary of Components of Investments in Real Estate | The following table sets forth the components of our investments in tangible real estate assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, excluding real estate held for sale (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Real estate: |  |  |
Land and land improvements | $ | 792,277 |  |  | $ | 845,779 |
Permanent plantings | 359,131 |  |  | 358,249 |
Irrigation and drainage systems | 168,545 |  |  | 165,438 |
Farm-related facilities | 50,517 |  |  | 48,690 |
Other site improvements | 13,272 |  |  | 14,238 |
Real estate, at cost | 1,383,742 |  |  | 1,432,394 |
Accumulated depreciation | (142,212) |  |  | (106,966) |
Real estate, net | $ | 1,241,530 |  |  | $ | 1,325,428 |
Carrying Value of Lease Intangibles and Accumulated Amortization for Each Intangible Asset or Liability Class | The following table summarizes the carrying value of certain lease intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, excluding real estate held for sale (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Lease intangibles: |  |  |
Leasehold interest – land | $ | 4,295 |  |  | $ | 4,295 |
In-place lease values | 2,470 |  |  | 2,763 |
Leasing costs | 3,017 |  |  | 3,088 |
Other(1) | 141 |  |  | 133 |
Lease intangibles, at gross cost | 9,923 |  |  | 10,279 |
Accumulated amortization | (5,141) |  |  | (4,577) |
Lease intangibles, net | $ | 4,782 |  |  | $ | 5,702 |
(1)Other consists primarily of acquisition-related costs allocated to miscellaneous lease intangibles. The following table summarizes the carrying values of certain lease intangible assets or liabilities (excluding those related to real estate held for sale) included in Other assets, net or Other liabilities, net, respectively, on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related accumulated amortization or accretion, respectively, as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Intangible Asset or Liability |  | Deferred Rent Asset (Liability) |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion |  | Deferred Rent Asset (Liability) |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion
Above-market lease values and lease incentives(1) |  | $ | 5,342 |  |  | $ | (1,849) |  |  | $ | 4,702 |  |  | $ | (585) |
Below-market lease values and other deferred revenue(2) |  | (1,944) |  |  | 624 |  |  | (2,010) |  |  | 518 |
|  | $ | 3,398 |  |  | $ | (1,225) |  |  | $ | 2,692 |  |  | $ | (67) |
(1)Net above-market lease values and lease incentives are included as part of Other assets, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related amortization is recorded as a reduction of Lease revenue, net on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. (2)Net below-market lease values and other deferred revenue are included as a part of Other liabilities, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related accretion is recorded as an increase to Lease revenue, net on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income.
Summary of Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense and Estimated Net Impact on Rental Income | The estimated aggregate amortization expense to be recorded related to in-place lease values, leasing costs, and tenant relationships and the estimated net impact on lease revenue from the amortization of above-market lease values and lease incentives or accretion of above-market lease values and other deferred revenues for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Period |  | Estimated Amortization Expense |  | Estimated Net Increase (Decrease) to Lease Revenue
For the fiscal years ending December 31: | 2024 |  | $ | 711 |  |  | $ | (1,184) |
| 2025 |  | 610 |  |  | (1,184) |
| 2026 |  | 486 |  |  | (961) |
| 2027 |  | 556 |  |  | (1,178) |
| 2028 |  | 556 |  |  | (1,178) |
| Thereafter |  | 1,863 |  |  | 3,512 |
|  |  | $ | 4,782 |  |  | $ | (2,173) |
Schedule of Asset Acquisitions | During the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed the following acquisitions, which are summarized in the table below (dollars in thousands, except for footnotes):
Property Name |  | Property Location |  | Acquisition Date |  | Total Acres |  | No. of Farms |  | Primary Crop(s) / Use |  | Lease Term |  | Renewal Options |  | Total Purchase Price |  | Acquisition Costs(1) |  | Annualized Straight-line Rent(2)
Farm Road(3) |  | Charlotte, FL |  | 5/20/2022 |  | 15 |  | 0 |  | Adjacent parcel |  | N/A |  | None |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |
County Road 35 |  | Glenn, CA |  | 6/16/2022 |  | 1,374 |  | 1 |  | Olives for Olive Oil |  | 14.5 years |  | 1 (5 years) |  | 24,500 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 1,714 |
Reagan Road(4) |  | Cochise, AZ |  | 7/13/2022 |  | 40 |  | 0 |  | Corn |  | 12.5 years |  | None |  | 120 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 39 |
North Columbia River Road(5)(7) |  | Franklin & Grant, WA |  | 7/21/2022 |  | 1,145 |  | 3 |  | Wine Grapes |  | 8.4 years |  | None |  | 30,320 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 2,296 |
Prunedale Road(6)(7) |  | Umatilla, OR |  | 7/21/2022 |  | 172 |  | 1 |  | Wine Grapes |  | 10.4 years |  | None |  | 7,008 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 286 |
Phelps Avenue(8) |  | Fresno, CA |  | 12/29/2022 |  | 443 |  | 0 |  | Open ground and water credits |  | 5.0 years |  | 1 (5 years) |  | 3,100 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 25 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 3,189 |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 65,102 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | $ | 4,360 |
(1)Includes approximately $27,000 of external legal fees associated with negotiating and originating the leases associated with these acquisitions, which were expensed in the period incurred. (2)Unaudited; based on the minimum cash rental payments guaranteed under the respective leases, as required under GAAP, and excludes contingent rental payments, such as participation rents. (3)Represents the acquisition of a parcel of land adjacent to an existing farm, providing additional road access to such farm. No new lease was executed related to this acquisition. (4)Represents the acquisition of a parcel of farmable land adjacent to an existing farm. Subsequent to acquisition, we spent approximately $153,000 to install certain improvements on this property. (5)Upon acquisition, we executed three new leases with the existing tenants on these farms. The lease terms above represent the weighted-average lease term and aggregate annualized straight-line rent of these three leases. (6)In connection with the acquisition of this property, we also acquired an ownership interest in a related LLC, the sole purpose of which is to own and maintain an irrigation system providing water to this and other neighboring properties. Our acquired ownership, which equated to an 11.3% interest in the LLC, was valued at approximately $2.7 million at the time of acquisition and is included within Other assets, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. See “—Investments in Unconsolidated Entities” below for additional information on our aggregate ownership interest in this and other LLCs. (7)These two properties were acquired as part of a single transaction. In connection with the acquisition of these vineyards, we committed to provide up to an aggregate amount of $2.2 million for certain irrigation and vineyard improvements on these farms, for which we will earn additional rent as the funds are disbursed by us. (8)Represents the acquisition of three parcels of land adjacent to an existing farm that will initially be utilized for its water rights (including additional surface water rights and groundwater pumping rights) to be used on nearby farms. In addition, a portion of this acquisition was leased back to the seller.
Recognized Identified Assets and Liabilities Assumed Related to Properties Acquired | The allocation of the aggregate purchase price for the farms acquired during the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows (dollars in thousands):
Assets (Liabilities) Acquired |  | 2022 Acquisitions |  |
Land and land improvements |  | $ | 30,353 |  |  |
Permanent plantings |  | 24,706 |  |  |
Irrigation & drainage systems |  | 3,102 |  |  |
Farm-related facilities |  | 1,287 |  |  |
In-place lease values |  | 909 |  |  |
Leasing costs |  | 1,355 |  |  |
Above-market lease values(1) |  | 641 |  |  |
Investment in LLC(1) |  | 2,749 |  |  |
Total Purchase Price |  | $ | 65,102 |  |  |
(1)Included within Other assets, net on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Weighted Average Amortization Period for Intangible Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed | The following table shows the weighted-average amortization periods (in years) for the intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with new real estate acquired during the year ended December 31, 2022:
|  | Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in Years) |  |
Intangible Assets and Liabilities |  | 2022 |  |
Leasehold interest – land |  | 0.0 |  |
In-place lease values |  | 10.9 |  |
Leasing costs |  | 11.7 |  |
Above-market lease values and lease incentives |  | 9.1 |  |
Below-market lease values and other deferred revenue |  | 0.0 |  |
All intangible assets and liabilities |  | 10.6 |  |
Future Operating Lease Payments from Tenants under Non-Cancelable Leases | The following tables summarize the future lease payments to be received under noncancellable leases as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Period |  | Tenant Lease Revenue
For the fiscal years ending December 31, | 2024 |  | $ | 77,576 |
| 2025 |  | 70,372 |
| 2026 |  | 63,954 |
| 2027 |  | 60,099 |
| 2028 |  | 51,482 |
| Thereafter |  | 180,832 |
|  |  | $ | 504,315 |

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