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Real Estate and Intangible Assets | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Real Estate [Abstract] |
REAL ESTATE AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS | REAL ESTATE AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS All of our properties are wholly-owned on a fee-simple basis, except where noted. The following table provides certain summary information about the 168 farms we owned as of March 31, 2024 (dollars in thousands, except for footnotes):
Location |  | No. of Farms |  | Total Acres |  | Farm Acres |  | Acre-feet of Water Assets |  | Net Cost Basis(1) |  | Encumbrances(2)
California(3)(4)(5) |  | 63 |  | 34,844 |  | 32,321 |  | 49,076 |  | $ | 846,399 |  |  | $ | 385,369 |
Florida |  | 25 |  | 18,720 |  | 13,891 |  | 0 |  | 167,060 |  |  | 78,143 |
Washington |  | 6 |  | 2,520 |  | 2,004 |  | 0 |  | 58,847 |  |  | 20,076 |
Arizona(6) |  | 6 |  | 6,320 |  | 5,333 |  | 0 |  | 51,445 |  |  | 12,059 |
Colorado |  | 12 |  | 32,773 |  | 25,577 |  | 0 |  | 45,847 |  |  | 14,318 |
Nebraska |  | 9 |  | 7,782 |  | 7,050 |  | 0 |  | 30,403 |  |  | 10,135 |
Oregon(7) |  | 6 |  | 898 |  | 736 |  | 0 |  | 29,429 |  |  | 11,237 |
Michigan |  | 23 |  | 1,892 |  | 1,245 |  | 0 |  | 22,830 |  |  | 13,694 |
Texas |  | 1 |  | 3,667 |  | 2,219 |  | 0 |  | 8,082 |  |  | — |
Maryland |  | 6 |  | 987 |  | 863 |  | 0 |  | 8,019 |  |  | 4,282 |
South Carolina |  | 3 |  | 597 |  | 447 |  | 0 |  | 3,519 |  |  | 2,124 |
Georgia |  | 2 |  | 230 |  | 175 |  | 0 |  | 2,593 |  |  | 1,623 |
North Carolina |  | 2 |  | 310 |  | 295 |  | 0 |  | 2,107 |  |  | — |
New Jersey |  | 3 |  | 116 |  | 101 |  | 0 |  | 2,085 |  |  | 1,221 |
Delaware |  | 1 |  | 180 |  | 140 |  | 0 |  | 1,293 |  |  | 687 |
|  | 168 |  | 111,836 |  | 92,397 |  | 49,076 |  | $ | 1,279,958 |  |  | $ | 554,968 |
(1)Consists of the initial acquisition price (including the costs allocated to both tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed), plus subsequent improvements and other capitalized costs associated with the properties, and adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization. Specifically, includes Total real estate, net (excluding improvements paid for by the tenant) and Lease intangibles, net; plus long-term water assets and related acquisition costs, net above-market lease values, lease incentives, and investments in special-purpose LLCs included in Other assets, net; and less net below-market lease values and other deferred revenue included in Other liabilities, net; each as shown on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (2)Excludes approximately $2.8 million of debt issuance costs related to notes and bonds payable, included in Notes and bonds payable, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (3)Includes ownership in a special-purpose LLC that owns a pipeline conveying water to certain of our properties. As of March 31, 2024, this investment had a net carrying value of approximately $946,000 and is included within Other assets, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (4)Includes eight acres in which we own a leasehold interest via a ground lease with a private individual that expires in December 2040 and five acres in which we own a leasehold interest via a ground sublease with a California municipality that expires in December 2041. As of March 31, 2024, these two ground leases had a net cost basis of approximately $680,000 and are included in Lease intangibles, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (5)Includes 46,003 acre-feet of water stored with Semitropic Water Storage District, located in Kern County, California, and 3,073 surplus water credits in our account with Westlands Water District, located in Fresno County, California. See “—Investments in Water Assets” below for additional information. (6)Includes two farms consisting of 1,368 total acres and 1,221 farm acres in which we own leasehold interests via two ground leases with the State of Arizona that expire in February 2025 and February 2032, respectively. As of March 31, 2024, these ground leases had an aggregate net cost basis of approximately $293,000 and are included in Lease intangibles, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. (7)Includes ownership in a special-purpose LLC that owns certain irrigation infrastructure that provides water to two of our farms. As of March 31, 2024, this investment had a net carrying value of approximately $4.7 million and is included within Other assets, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Real Estate The following table sets forth the components of our investments in tangible real estate assets as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Real estate: |  |  |
Land and land improvements | $ | 792,310 |  |  | $ | 792,277 |
Permanent plantings | 358,535 |  |  | 359,131 |
Irrigation and drainage systems | 169,639 |  |  | 168,545 |
Farm-related facilities | 50,508 |  |  | 50,517 |
Other site improvements | 13,236 |  |  | 13,272 |
Real estate, at cost | 1,384,228 |  |  | 1,383,742 |
Accumulated depreciation | (149,608) |  |  | (142,212) |
Total real estate, net | $ | 1,234,620 |  |  | $ | 1,241,530 |
Real estate depreciation expense on these tangible assets was approximately $8.5 million and $8.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Intangible Assets and Liabilities The following table summarizes the carrying values of certain lease intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Lease intangibles: |  |  |
Leasehold interest – land | $ | 3,372 |  |  | $ | 4,295 |
In-place lease values | 2,470 |  |  | 2,470 |
Leasing costs | 3,017 |  |  | 3,017 |
Other(1) | 140 |  |  | 141 |
Lease intangibles, at cost | 8,999 |  |  | 9,923 |
Accumulated amortization | (4,449) |  |  | (5,141) |
Lease intangibles, net | $ | 4,550 |  |  | $ | 4,782 |
(1)Other includes tenant relationships and acquisition-related costs allocated to miscellaneous lease intangibles. Total amortization expense related to these lease intangible assets was approximately $231,000 and $252,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, The following table summarizes the carrying values of certain lease intangible assets or liabilities included in Other assets, net or Other liabilities, net, respectively, on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the related accumulated amortization or accretion, respectively, as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Intangible Asset or Liability |  | Deferred Rent Asset (Liability) |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion |  | Deferred Rent Asset (Liability) |  | Accumulated (Amortization) Accretion
Above-market lease values and lease incentives(1) |  | $ | 5,781 |  |  | $ | (2,484) |  |  | $ | 5,342 |  |  | $ | (1,849) |
Below-market lease values and other deferred revenue(2) |  | (1,944) |  |  | 665 |  |  | (1,944) |  |  | 624 |
|  | $ | 3,837 |  |  | $ | (1,819) |  |  | $ | 3,398 |  |  | $ | (1,225) |
(1)Net above-market lease values and lease incentives are included as part of Other assets, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related amortization is recorded as a reduction of Lease revenue, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. (2)Net below-market lease values and other deferred revenue are included as a part of Other liabilities, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related accretion is recorded as an increase to Lease revenue, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Total amortization related to above-market lease values and lease incentives was approximately $635,000 and $159,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Total accretion related to below-market lease values and other deferred revenue was approximately $41,000 and $44,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Acquisitions We did not acquire any new farms during either of the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023. Property Sale On January 11, 2024, we completed the sale of a 3,748-acre farm in Martin County, Florida, for approximately $65.7 million. Including closing costs, we recognized a net gain on the sale of approximately $10.4 million. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities In connection with the acquisition of certain farmland located in Fresno County, California, we also acquired an ownership in a related limited liability company (the “Fresno LLC”), the sole purpose of which is to own and maintain a pipeline conveying water to our and other neighboring properties. In addition, in connection with the acquisition of certain farmland located in Umatilla County, Oregon, we also acquired an ownership in a related limited liability company (the “Umatilla LLC”), the sole purpose of which is to own and maintain an irrigation system providing water to our and other neighboring properties. As of March 31, 2024, our aggregate ownership interest in the Fresno LLC and the Umatilla LLC was 50.0% and 20.4%, respectively. As our investments in the Fresno LLC and Umatilla LLC are both deemed to constitute “significant influence,” we have accounted for these investments under the equity method. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023, we recorded an aggregate loss of approximately $85,000 and $27,000, respectively (included in Loss from investments in unconsolidated entities on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income), which represents our pro-rata share of the aggregate loss recognized by the Fresno LLC and Umatilla LLC. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, our combined ownership interest in the Fresno LLC and Umatilla LLC had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $5.7 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and is included within Other assets, net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Investments in Water Assets In connection with the acquisition of certain farmland located in Kern County, California, we also acquired three contracts to purchase an aggregate of 45,000 acre-feet of banked water held by Semitropic Water Storage District (“SWSD”), a water storage district located in Kern County, California. We subsequently executed all three contracts to purchase all 45,000 acre-feet of banked water for an aggregate additional cost of approximately $2.8 million. In addition, during the three months ended December 31, 2023, we obtained another contract to purchase an additional 1,003 acre-feet of banked water held by SWSD, which was conveyed to us by one of our tenants as partial consideration for a rent payment owed. We subsequently executed the contract to purchase all 1,003 acre-feet of banked water for an aggregate cost of approximately $61,000. All acquired banked water was recognized at cost, including the subsequent cost to execute the contracts and any administrative fees necessary to transfer the water to our banked water account. As of March 31, 2024, the 46,003 acre-feet of banked water held by SWSD was recognized as a long-term water asset and had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $35.4 million (included within Other assets, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheets). In addition, from May 2023 through March 2024, we elected to participate in a groundwater recharge program established by Westlands Water District (“WWD”), a water district located in Fresno County, California. Under the program, WWD paid for surplus surface water to be delivered to individual landowners’ properties with district-approved groundwater recharge facilities, also known as “water banks.” The landowner was allowed to keep 50% of the net amount of groundwater credits generated under the program (after allowing for certain leave-behind and evaporative losses), and the remaining 50% was used to recharge the aquifer and retained by WWD. Delivery of water under this program was subject to surplus water availability at WWD’s discretion. WWD terminated the program for the 2024 water year effective March 5, 2024. Through March 31, 2024, we have obtained 2,524 acre-feet of water credits, which represents 50% of the total net water credits generated and confirmed by WWD under the program as of such date. As of March 31, 2024, these water credits were recognized as a long-term water asset and had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $716,000 (included within Other assets, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets). In addition, as a result of being granted these water credits in exchange for transferring and storing this surplus water on behalf of WWD, we recognized approximately $426,000 of non-cash revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024, which represents the estimated fair value of the water credits obtained during the period. No such revenue was recorded during the prior-year period. During 2023, we also entered into various other agreements with certain third parties (including local water districts and private individuals) to either buy water directly, buy a portion of other water districts’ surface water allocations in future years in which allocations are granted, or to store surface water on others’ behalf in one of our groundwater recharge facilities in exchange for a portion of the net groundwater credits produced and recognized by the respective water district. Through March 31, 2024, we have obtained 549 acre-feet of water credits as a result of these agreements, which were recognized as a long-term water asset with an aggregate carrying value of approximately $166,000 (included within Other assets, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets). As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we owned a total of 49,076 acre-feet and 46,400 acre-feet, respectively, of long-term water assets, and our investments in these long-term water assets had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $35.4 million and $34.6 million, respectively, and are included within Other assets, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have invested approximately $1.5 million to construct groundwater recharge facilities on two of our farms, which is included within Real estate, at cost on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, through March 31, 2024, we have invested an additional $2.3 million in the aggregate in connection with these agreements that are expected to result in additional groundwater credits in the future; however, the amount and timing of these credits, if any, is currently unknown and is dependent upon and subject to the recognition of such credits by the respective water districts, in their sole discretion. Such costs are held in a deferred asset account (also included within Other assets, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets) until the related net water credits become estimable and are recognized by the respective water district, at which time the costs would be reclassed to investments in long-term water assets. Portfolio Concentrations Credit Risk As of March 31, 2024, our farms were leased to various different, unrelated third-party tenants, with certain tenants leasing more than one farm. No individual tenant represented greater than 10% of the total lease revenue recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Geographic Risk Farms located in California and Florida accounted for approximately $13.2 million (66.5%) and $3.1 million (15.6%), respectively, of the total lease revenue recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We seek to continue to further diversify geographically, as may be desirable or feasible. If an unexpected natural disaster (such as an earthquake, wildfire, flood, or hurricane) occurs or climate change impacts the regions where our properties are located, there could be a material adverse effect on our financial performance and ability to continue operations. To date, none of our farms have been materially impacted by natural disasters. See “—California Floods” below for a discussion on damage caused on certain of our farms by the January 2023 floods that occurred in California. Besides California and Florida, no other single state accounted for more than 10.0% of the total lease revenue recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024. California Floods In January 2023, periods of heavy rainfall in California resulted in floods that impacted several areas of the state, including regions where certain of our farms are located. As a result of the flooding, one of our farms in the Central Valley suffered damage to certain structures located on the farm, and we estimated the carrying value of such structures to be approximately $855,000. As such, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we wrote down the carrying value of these structures and also recorded a corresponding property and casualty loss, included within Property and casualty loss, net on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. Certain of our other farms in California suffered minor damage as a result of the floods, but no other farms were materially impacted. In addition, in February 2024, certain parts of California, particularly the southern part of the state, experienced a “one-in-one-thousand year” rainfall event, as atmospheric river storms caused widespread flooding and mudslides in multiple areas. Certain of our farms suffered minor damage as a result of the storms, but no farms were materially impacted. Impairment We evaluate our entire portfolio each quarter for any impairment indicators and perform an impairment analysis on those select properties that have an indication of impairment. As of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we concluded that none of our properties or investments in water assets were impaired. There have been no impairments recognized on our real estate assets since our inception.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for long-lived, physical asset used in normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Includes, but is not limited to, work of art, historical treasure, and similar asset classified as collections. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 360 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//360/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -SubTopic 360 -Topic 958 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-6 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (d) -SubTopic 360 -Topic 958 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-1 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 7 -SubTopic 360 -Topic 958 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480321/958-360-50-7 + Details
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