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Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Taxes Taxes
We are subject to U.S. federal income tax and various state, local, and international income taxes in numerous jurisdictions. The differences between our effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% generally result from various factors, including the geographical distribution of taxable income, tax credits, contingency reserves for uncertain tax positions, and permanent differences between the book and tax treatment of certain items. Additionally, the amount of income taxes paid is subject to our interpretation of applicable tax laws in the jurisdictions in which we file. For the three months ended September 30, 2024, our effective tax rate is lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax impact associated with changes in the valuation allowance related to disallowed interest, the tax impact associated with the goodwill impairment recorded in the third quarter of 2024, and the additional third quarter tax impact of the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions which were completed in April 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our effective tax rate is lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the tax impact associated with changes in the valuation allowance related to disallowed interest, the tax impact associated with the goodwill impairment recorded in both the first and third quarters of 2024, the majority of which was nondeductible for income tax purposes, and the tax impact of the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions discussed below. The tax impact of the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions include excluded cancellation of indebtedness income (“CODI”), federal and state attribution reduction and changes in valuation allowance. In December 2021, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) issued model rules for a new global minimum tax framework (Pillar Two). Governments in many of the countries where we operate have issued, or are in the process of issuing, legislation on this rule. We are currently evaluating, but do not expect this rule to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

As a result of the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions, discussed in Note 7, “Debt”, specifically upon the completion of the Private Exchange and Public Term Loan Exchange in March 2024, and the completion of the Public Note Exchange in April 2024, the company realized CODI for US tax purposes of $531.5 million and $80.5 million, respectively. We realized an additional $13.0 million CODI for US tax purposes from third quarter 2024 debt repurchase activity, for a total $625.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 108, an insolvent debtor may exclude CODI from taxable income to the extent of the debtor’s insolvency (liabilities greater than the fair value of its assets) but must reduce its tax attributes, subject to certain limitations and according to prescribed ordering rules, based on the amount of CODI excluded from taxable income. The company currently estimates that the level of its insolvency (as defined for US Tax purposes) exceeds the amount of CODI resulting from the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions, such that all resulting CODI will be excluded from the company’s taxable income.

The process for determining the amount of tax attribute reduction is complex and the actual reduction to attributes does not occur until the first day of the company’s tax year subsequent to the date of the discharge event, or January 1, 2025. Therefore, the estimated impact of the tax attribute reduction from the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions is subject to change until the finalization of the company’s tax returns for the year ending December 31, 2024.

For purposes of determining the interim tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the company estimates that all its federal (and certain of its state) net operating loss and tax credit carryovers will be eliminated resulting from the tax attribute reduction for excluded CODI. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the company recorded an income tax benefit of $79.5 million related to the total effects of the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions, including excluded CODI, federal and state tax attribute reduction, and resulting changes in valuation allowance. The total income tax benefit recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was a tax benefit of $22.6 million which includes the $79.5 million tax benefit from the March 2024 Refinancing Transactions.