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Segment Reporting | 12 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Reporting | 15. Segment Reporting The Company operates and manages its business as one operating segment and one reportable segment, which is focused on developing genetic medicines to improve the lives of patients suffering from bladder cancer. The CODM manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis, assesses performance for the operating segment and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net loss, which is reported on the consolidated statements of operations. The CODM uses consolidated net loss to evaluate the Company’s spend, deploy resources across research and development activities and monitor budget versus actual results. The monitoring of budgeted versus actual results is used in assessing the performance of the operating segment and in establishing resource allocation across the organization. Factors used in determining the reportable segment include the nature of the Company's operating activities, the organizational and reporting structure and the type of information reviewed by the CODM to allocate resources and evaluate financial performance. The accounting policies of the segment are the same as those described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The measure of segment assets used in determining how to manage and allocate resources is reported within the Company's consolidated balance sheets as cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. The following table summarizes significant segment expenses, other segment items and the measure of segment net loss of the Company's reportable segment for the years ended October 31, 2025 and 2024:
| Year Ended October 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Research and development expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls(1) | $ | 49,578 |  |  | $ | 11,994 |
Clinical operations(2) |  | 17,915 |  |  |  | 11,036 |
Other research and development expenses(3) |  | 7,052 |  |  |  | 4,598 |
Personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation |  | 16,653 |  |  |  | 8,893 |
Stock based compensation |  | 3,282 |  |  |  | 1,794 |
Total research and development expenses | $ | 94,480 |  |  | $ | 38,315 |
General and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation |  | 10,850 |  |  |  | 8,501 |
Stock based compensation |  | 6,364 |  |  |  | 3,530 |
Other general and administrative expenses(4) |  | 11,471 |  |  |  | 11,951 |
Total general and administrative expenses |  | 28,685 |  |  |  | 23,982 |
Other segment items(5) |  | (5,863 | ) |  |  | (7,155 | )
Net loss | $ | 117,302 |  |  | $ | 55,142 |
(1) External expenses associated with clinical manufacturing of the Company's lead compound, detalimogene. (2) External and internal expenses associated with clinical operations related to research and development of the Company's lead compound, detalimogene. (3) Represents research and development expenses associated with preclinical, medical affairs, regulatory, quality, program management and facility related costs. (4) Represents general and administrative costs associated with external legal fees, facilities, professional fees, and other overhead costs. (5) For the year ended October 31, 2025, other segment items consist of $9.4 million of interest income, $3.0 of interest expense, and $0.6 million of other expense, net. For the year ended October 31, 2024, other segment items consists of $10.4 million of interest income, $2.8 million of interest expense, $0.4 million gain on extinguishment of debt, and $0.1 million other expense, net. Interest income consists of interest income earned on cash equivalents and marketable securities. Interest expense consists of interest expense on our term loan. Other (income) expense, net primarily consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. 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