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Segment Reporting | 6 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2026
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Reporting | 15. Segment Reporting The Company operates and manages its business as one operating segment and one reportable segment, which is focused on developing genetic medicines to improve the lives of patients suffering from bladder cancer. The CODM manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis, assesses performance for the operating segment and decides how to allocate resources based on consolidated net loss, which is reported on the consolidated statements of operations. The CODM uses consolidated net loss to evaluate the Company’s spend, deploy resources across research and development activities and monitor budget versus actual results. The monitoring of budgeted versus actual results is used in assessing the performance of the operating segment and in establishing resource allocation across the organization. Factors used in determining the reportable segment include the nature of the Company's operating activities, the organizational and reporting structure and the type of information reviewed by the CODM to allocate resources and evaluate financial performance. The accounting policies of the segment are the same as those described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. The measure of segment assets used in determining how to manage and allocate resources is reported within the Company's consolidated balance sheets as cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. The following table summarizes significant segment expenses, other segment items and the measure of segment net loss of the Company's reportable segment for the three and six months ended April 30, 2026 and 2025:
| Three Months Ended April 30, |  |  | Six Months Ended April 30, |  |
| 2026 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2025 |  |
Research and development expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls(1) | $ | 7,682 |  |  | $ | 7,817 |  |  | $ | 18,154 |  |  | $ | 19,379 |  |
Clinical operations(2) |  | 5,106 |  |  |  | 4,549 |  |  |  | 9,165 |  |  |  | 8,114 |  |
Other research and development expenses(3) |  | 2,070 |  |  |  | 2,605 |  |  |  | 3,400 |  |  |  | 3,653 |  |
Personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation |  | 5,710 |  |  |  | 4,350 |  |  |  | 11,100 |  |  |  | 7,524 |  |
Stock based compensation |  | 1,627 |  |  |  | 888 |  |  |  | 2,631 |  |  |  | 1,513 |  |
Total research and development expenses |  | 22,195 |  |  |  | 20,209 |  |  |  | 44,450 |  |  |  | 40,183 |  |
General and administrative expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personnel-related expenses, excluding stock-based compensation |  | 3,164 |  |  |  | 2,660 |  |  |  | 6,507 |  |  |  | 5,087 |  |
Stock based compensation |  | 2,518 |  |  |  | 1,762 |  |  |  | 4,317 |  |  |  | 2,946 |  |
Other general and administrative expenses(4) |  | 4,091 |  |  |  | 2,493 |  |  |  | 7,879 |  |  |  | 5,521 |  |
Total general and administrative expenses |  | 9,773 |  |  |  | 6,915 |  |  |  | 18,703 |  |  |  | 13,554 |  |
Other segment items(5) |  | (1,741 | ) |  |  | (1,309 | ) |  |  | (3,174 | ) |  |  | (3,306 | ) |
Net loss | $ | 30,227 |  |  | $ | 25,815 |  |  | $ | 59,979 |  |  | $ | 50,431 |  |
(1) External expenses associated with clinical manufacturing of the Company's lead compound, detalimogene. (2) External and internal expenses associated with clinical operations related to research and development of the Company's lead compound, detalimogene. (3) Represents research and development expenses associated with preclinical, medical affairs, regulatory, quality, program management and facility related costs. (4) Represents general and administrative costs associated with external legal fees, facilities, professional fees, and other overhead costs. (5) Other segment items include interest income, interest expense, loss on extinguishment of debt and other expenses. A breakdown of each category by period can be seen within the Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Name 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