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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2026
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Shares Reserved for Future Issuance Under the Plan

As of April 30, 2026, and October 31, 2025, the Company has reserved the following Common Shares for the exercise of Common Share warrants, share options, restricted share units, and remaining shares reserved for future issuance under the 2023 Plan and options granted outside of the 2023 Plan as part of the inducement grants:

 

 

April 30,

 

 

October 31,

 

 

2026

 

 

2025

 

Warrants to purchase common shares

 

 

8,552,818

 

 

 

8,511,968

 

Incentive options to purchase common shares awarded pursuant to the 2023 Plan

 

 

8,700,583

 

 

 

5,717,948

 

Inducement grant stock options awarded outside of the 2023 Plan

 

 

3,315,350

 

 

 

3,315,350

 

Restricted share units awarded pursuant to the 2023 Plan

 

 

266,025

 

 

 

 

Pre-funded warrants to purchase common shares

 

 

2,735,295

 

 

 

 

Remaining shares reserved for future issuance under the 2023 Plan

 

 

2,916,016

 

 

 

2,933,304

 

Remaining shares reserved for future issuance under ESSP

 

 

2,000,000

 

 

 

2,000,000

 

Total

 

 

28,486,087

 

 

 

22,478,570

 

Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine Grant-Date Fair Value of Stock Options

The assumptions that the Company used to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options during the three and six months ended April 30, 2026 and 2025 are summarized below:

 

Three months ended April 30,

 

 

Six months ended April 30,

 

 

2026

 

 

2025

 

 

2026

 

 

2025

 

 

Expected term (in years)

 

 

 

 

6.08

 

 

 

6.03-6.08

 

 

6.02-6.08

 

 

Expected volatility

 

 

 

 

82.39%

 

 

 

82.39-82.48%

 

 

81.24-82.39%

 

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

 

 

4.01%

 

 

 

3.9-3.91%

 

 

4.01-4.49%

 

 

Expected dividend yield

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of common shares and exercise price of options (USD)

$

 

 

$

4.44

 

 

$

9.53

 

$

4.44-7.39

 

 

Summary of Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity:

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)

 

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

 

Outstanding as of October 31, 2025

 

 

9,033,298

 

 

$

6.93

 

 

 

8.5

 

 

$

10,979

 

Granted

 

 

3,161,490

 

 

 

9.53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(117,868

)

 

 

2.38

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited or expired

 

 

(60,987

)

 

 

8.14

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding as of April 30, 2026

 

 

12,015,933

 

 

$

7.63

 

 

 

8.5

 

 

$

10,865

 

Options vested and exercisable as of April 30, 2026

 

 

3,929,761

 

 

$

6.77

 

 

 

7.1

 

 

$

6,561

 

Options unvested as of April 30, 2026

 

 

8,086,172

 

 

$

8.04

 

 

 

9.1

 

 

$

4,304

 

Summary of Restricted Share Unit Activity The following table summarizes the restricted share unit activity under the 2023 Plan:

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Weighted-
Average
Grate Date Fair Value

 

Outstanding as of October 31, 2025

 

 

 

 

$

 

Granted

 

 

272,925

 

 

 

9.53

 

Vested

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited or expired

 

 

(6,900

)

 

 

9.53

 

Outstanding as of April 30, 2026

 

 

266,025

 

 

$

9.53

 

Summary of Share-based Compensation Expense

Share-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss was as follows:

 

 

Three Months Ended April 30,

 

 

Six Months Ended April 30,

 

 

2026

 

 

2025

 

 

2026

 

 

2025

 

Research and development

 

$

1,627

 

 

$

888

 

 

$

2,631

 

 

$

1,513

 

General and administrative

 

 

2,518

 

 

 

1,762

 

 

 

4,317

 

 

 

2,946

 

Total share-based compensation expense

 

$

4,145

 

 

$

2,650

 

 

$

6,948

 

 

$

4,459