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Mortgage Servicing | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract] |
Mortgage Servicing | Note 7 – Mortgage Servicing
Mortgage Servicing Rights – Amortization Method | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance | $ | 336,882 |  |  | $ | 363,722 |
Fair value election - transfer of MSRs carried at fair value (1) | (361,670 | ) |  | — |
Additions recognized in connection with asset acquisitions | — |  |  | 1,658 |
Additions recognized on the sale of mortgage loans | — |  |  | 18,604 |
Sales and other transfers | — |  |  | (814 | )
| (24,788 | ) |  | 383,170 |
Amortization (1) | — |  |  | (38,560 | )
Decrease in impairment valuation allowance (1) (2) | 24,788 |  |  | 1,551 |
Ending balance | $ | — |  |  | $ | 346,161 |
Estimated fair value at end of period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 424,208 |
(1) | Effective January 1, 2018, we elected fair value accounting for our MSRs previously accounted for using the amortization method, which included Agency MSRs and government-insured MSRs. This irrevocable election applies to all subsequently acquired or originated servicing assets and liabilities that have characteristics consistent with each of these classes. We recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $82.0 million to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 to reflect the excess of the fair value of the Agency MSRs over their carrying amount. We also recognized the tax effect of this adjustment through an increase in retained earnings of $6.8 million and a deferred tax asset for the same amount. However, we established a full valuation allowance on the resulting deferred tax asset through a reduction in retained earnings. The government-insured MSRs were impaired by $24.8 million at December 31, 2017; therefore, these MSRs were already effectively carried at fair value.
(2) | Impairment of MSRs is recognized in MSR valuation adjustments, net in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. Impairment valuation allowance balance of $24.8 million was reclassified to reduce the carrying value of the related MSRs on January 1, 2018 in connection with our fair value election. See Note 3 – Fair Value for additional information regarding impairment and the valuation allowance.
Mortgage Servicing Rights – Fair Value Measurement Method | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2018 |  | 2017
| Agency |  | Non-Agency |  | Total |  | Agency |  | Non-Agency |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | 11,960 |  |  | $ | 660,002 |  |  | $ | 671,962 |  |  | $ | 13,357 |  |  | $ | 665,899 |  |  | $ | 679,256 |
Fair value election - transfer of MSRs carried at amortized cost, net of valuation allowance | 336,882 |  |  | — |  |  | 336,882 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cumulative effect of fair value election | 82,043 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,043 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sales and other transfers | (5,950 | ) |  | (175 | ) |  | (6,125 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,672 | ) |  | (2,672 | )
Additions | 8,809 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,809 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Servicing transfers and adjustments | — |  |  | (2,594 | ) |  | (2,594 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Changes in fair value (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in valuation inputs or other assumptions | 19,217 |  |  | (424 | ) |  | 18,793 |  |  | (131 | ) |  | 2,303 |  |  | 2,172 |
Realization of expected future cash flows and other changes | (43,545 | ) |  | (66,943 | ) |  | (110,488 | ) |  | (1,385 | ) |  | (79,224 | ) |  | (80,609 | )
Ending balance | $ | 409,416 |  |  | $ | 589,866 |  |  | $ | 999,282 |  |  | $ | 11,841 |  |  | $ | 586,306 |  |  | $ | 598,147 |
(1) | Changes in fair value are recognized in MSR valuation adjustments, net in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations.
Because the mortgages underlying these MSRs permit the borrowers to prepay the loans, the value of the MSRs generally tends to diminish in periods of declining interest rates, an improving housing market or expanded product availability (as prepayments increase) and increase in periods of rising interest rates, a deteriorating housing market or reduced product availability (as prepayments decrease). The following table summarizes the estimated change in the value of the MSRs that we carry at fair value as of September 30, 2018 given hypothetical shifts in lifetime prepayments and yield assumptions:
| Adverse change in fair value
| 10% |  | 20%
Weighted average prepayment speeds | $ | (92,659 | ) |  | $ | (178,462 | )
Discount rate (option-adjusted spread) | (28,326 | ) |  | (54,351 | )
The sensitivity analysis measures the potential impact on fair values based on hypothetical changes, which in the case of our portfolio at September 30, 2018 are increased prepayment speeds and a decrease in the yield assumption. Portfolio of Assets Serviced The following table presents the composition of our residential primary servicing and subservicing portfolios as measured by UPB, including foreclosed real estate and small-balance commercial loans. The servicing portfolio represents loans for which we own the servicing rights while subservicing represents all other loans. The UPB of assets serviced for others are not included on our unaudited consolidated balance sheets.
UPB at September 30, 2018 |  |
Servicing | $ | 68,076,254 |
Subservicing | 1,387,641 |
NRZ (1) | 91,532,579 |
| $ | 160,996,474 |
UPB at December 31, 2017 |  |
Servicing | $ | 75,469,327 |
Subservicing | 2,063,669 |
NRZ (1) | 101,819,557 |
| $ | 179,352,553 |
UPB at September 30, 2017 |  |
Servicing | $ | 78,254,463 |
Subservicing (2) | 3,656,197 |
NRZ (1) | 105,557,658 |
| $ | 187,468,318 |
(1) | UPB of loans serviced for which the Rights to MSRs have been sold to NRZ, including those subserviced for which third-party consents have been received and the MSRs have been transferred to NRZ.
(2) | Excludes $9.8 million of large-balance commercial foreclosed real estate. During 2017, we sold or transferred servicing on the remaining managed assets.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we sold MSRs with a UPB of $580.0 million and $210.2 million, respectively. A significant portion of the servicing agreements for our non-Agency servicing portfolio contain provisions where we could be terminated as servicer without compensation upon the failure of the serviced loans to meet certain portfolio delinquency or cumulative loss thresholds. As a result of the economic downturn beginning in 2007 - 2008, the portfolio delinquency and/or cumulative loss threshold provisions have been breached in many private-label securitizations in our non-Agency servicing portfolio. To date, terminations as servicer as a result of a breach of any of these provisions have been minimal. At September 30, 2018, S&P Global Ratings’ (S&P) servicer ratings outlook for Ocwen is stable. Fitch Ratings, Inc.’s (Fitch) servicer ratings outlook is Stable and Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s (Moody’s) servicer ratings are on Watch for Downgrade. Downgrades in servicer ratings could adversely affect our ability to sell or finance servicing advances and could impair our ability to consummate future servicing transactions or adversely affect our dealings with lenders, other contractual counterparties, and regulators, including our ability to maintain our status as an approved servicer by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The servicer rating requirements of Fannie Mae do not necessarily require or imply immediate action, as Fannie Mae has discretion with respect to whether we are in compliance with their requirements and what actions it deems appropriate under the circumstances in the event that we fall below their desired servicer ratings. Certain of our servicing agreements require that we maintain specified servicer ratings from rating agencies such as Moody’s and S&P. At September 30, 2018, non-Agency servicing agreements with a UPB of $27.0 billion have minimum servicer ratings criteria. As a result of our current servicer ratings, termination rights have been triggered in non-Agency servicing agreements with a UPB of $8.4 billion, or approximately 9% of our total non-Agency servicing portfolio. To date, terminations as servicer as a result of a breach of any of these provisions have been minimal.
Servicing Revenue | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Loan servicing and subservicing fees |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Servicing | $ | 52,610 |  |  | $ | 63,071 |  |  | $ | 167,389 |  |  | $ | 197,712 |
Subservicing | 658 |  |  | 1,760 |  |  | 2,443 |  |  | 5,877 |
NRZ | 120,593 |  |  | 129,228 |  |  | 374,322 |  |  | 420,151 |
| 173,861 |  |  | 194,059 |  |  | 544,154 |  |  | 623,740 |
Late charges | 14,839 |  |  | 14,958 |  |  | 44,743 |  |  | 47,352 |
Custodial accounts (float earnings) | 10,241 |  |  | 7,489 |  |  | 25,965 |  |  | 18,322 |
Loan collection fees | 4,916 |  |  | 5,663 |  |  | 14,700 |  |  | 17,918 |
Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP) fees (1) | 3,365 |  |  | 6,202 |  |  | 11,622 |  |  | 37,692 |
Other | 6,508 |  |  | 4,849 |  |  | 16,911 |  |  | 16,499 |
| $ | 213,730 |  |  | $ | 233,220 |  |  | $ | 658,095 |  |  | $ | 761,523 |
(1) | The HAMP program expired on December 31, 2016. Borrowers who had requested assistance or to whom an offer of assistance had been extended as of that date had until September 30, 2017 to finalize their modification. We continue to earn HAMP success fees for HAMP modifications that remain less than 90 days delinquent at the first, second and third year anniversary of the start of the trial modification.
Float balances (balances in custodial accounts, which represent collections of principal and interest that we receive from borrowers) are held in escrow by an unaffiliated bank and are excluded from our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Float balances amounted to $1.7 billion and $2.0 billion at September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a transferor's continuing involvement in financial assets that it has transferred in a securitization or asset-backed financing arrangement, the nature of any restrictions on assets reported by an entity in its statement of financial position that relate to a transferred financial asset (including the carrying amounts of such assets), how servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported, and (for securitization or asset-backed financing arrangements accounted for as sales) when a transferor has continuing involvement with the transferred financial assets and transfers of financial assets accounted for as secured borrowings, how the transfer of financial assets affects an entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 860 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197590 + Details
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