Note 16 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Certain of our current derivative agreements are not exchange-traded, exposing us to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the agreements. We manage counterparty credit risk by entering into financial instrument transactions through primary dealers or approved counterparties and the use of mutual margining agreements whenever possible to limit potential exposure. We regularly evaluate the financial position and creditworthiness of our counterparties. The notional amount of our contracts does not represent our exposure to credit loss.

The following table summarizes derivative activity, including the derivatives used in each of our identified hedging programs. None of the derivatives was designated as a hedge for accounting purposes at December 31, 2018:



				Interest Rate Risk
				IRLCs and Loans Held for Sale			Borrowings
	IRLCs			Forward MBS Trades			Interest Rate Caps
Notional balance at December 31, 2017	$	96,339		$	240,823		$	375,000
Additions	1,288,938			404,162			173,750
Assumed in connection with the acquisition of PHH	50,731			—			—
Amortization	—			—			(288,750		)
Maturities	(1,014,466		)	(479,622		)	—
Terminations	(271,367		)	—			—
Notional balance at December 31, 2018	$	150,175		$	165,363		$	260,000




Maturity	Jan. 2019 to Mar. 2019			Mar. 2019			May 2019 to May 2020

Fair value of derivative assets (liabilities) (1) at:
December 31, 2018	$	3,871		$	(4,983	)	$	678
December 31, 2017	3,283			(545		)	2,056

Gains (losses) on derivatives during the years ended:	Gain on loans held for sale, net						Other, net
December 31, 2018	$	3,809		$	136		$	(841	)
December 31, 2017	(3,089		)	(8,529		)	10


(1)	Derivatives are reported at fair value in Other assets or in Other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

As loans are originated and sold or as loan commitments expire, our forward MBS trade positions mature and are replaced by new positions based upon new loan originations and commitments and expected time to sell.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Our operations in India and the Philippines expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk to the extent that our foreign exchange positions remain unhedged. We have not entered into any forward exchange contracts during the reported periods to hedge against the effect of changes in the value of the India Rupee or Philippine Peso. Foreign currency remeasurement exchange gains (losses) were $(3.2) million, $1.7 million and $0.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and are reported in Other, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The losses in 2018 are primarily attributed to depreciation of the India Rupee against the U.S. Dollar.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

A loan commitment binds us (subject to the loan approval process) to fund the loan at the specified rate, regardless of whether interest rates have changed between the commitment date and the loan funding date. As such, outstanding IRLCs are subject to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from the date of the commitment through the loan funding date or expiration date. The borrower is not obligated to obtain the loan; thus, we are subject to fallout risk related to IRLCs, which is realized if approved borrowers choose not to close on the loans within the terms of the IRLCs. Our interest rate exposure on these derivative loan commitments is hedged with freestanding derivatives such as forward contracts. We enter into forward contracts with respect to both fixed and variable rate loan commitments.

Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value

Mortgage loans held for sale that we carry at fair value are subject to interest rate and price risk from the loan funding date until the date the loan is sold into the secondary market. Generally, the fair value of a loan will decline in value when interest rates increase and will rise in value when interest rates decrease. To mitigate this risk, we enter into forward MBS trades to provide an economic hedge against those changes in fair value on mortgage loans held for sale. Forward MBS trades are primarily used to fix the forward sales price that will be realized upon the sale of mortgage loans into the secondary market.

Match Funded Liabilities

As required by certain of our advance financing arrangements, we have purchased interest rate caps to minimize future interest rate exposure from increases in the interest on our variable rate debt as a result of increases in the index, such as 1ML, which is used in determining the interest rate on the debt. We currently do not hedge our fixed rate debt.

Included in AOCL at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were $1.1 million and $1.2 million of deferred unrealized losses, before taxes of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, on interest rate swaps that we had designated as cash flow hedges. These deferred losses in AOCL are amortized to Other, net in the consolidated statements of operations.