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Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract] |
Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities |
Note 4 – Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities
We securitize, sell and service forward and reverse residential mortgage loans and regularly transfer financial assets in connection with asset-backed financing arrangements. We have aggregated these securitizations and asset-backed financing arrangements into three groups: (1) securitizations of residential mortgage loans, (2) financings of advances and (3) financings of MSRs. We have determined that the special purpose entities (SPEs) created in connection with our match funded advance financing facilities are VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary. From time to time, we may acquire beneficial interests issued in connection with mortgage-backed securitizations where we may also be the master and/or primary servicer. These beneficial interests consist of subordinate and residual interests acquired from third-parties in market transactions. We consolidate the VIE when we conclude we are the primary beneficiary. Securitizations of Residential Mortgage Loans We receive servicing fees based upon the securitized loan balances and certain ancillary fees, all of which are reported in Servicing and subservicing fees in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations. Transfers of Forward Loans We sell or securitize forward loans that we originate or purchase from third parties, generally in the form of mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the GSEs or Ginnie Mae. Securitization typically occurs within 30 days of loan closing or purchase. We act only as a fiduciary and do not have a variable interest in the securitization trusts. As a result, we account for these transactions as sales upon transfer. The following table presents a summary of cash flows received from and paid to securitization trusts related to transfers accounted for as sales that were outstanding:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Proceeds received from securitizations | $ | 235,175 |  |  | $ | 282,507 |  |  | $ | 674,108 |  |  | $ | 998,204 |
Servicing fees collected | 8,866 |  |  | 9,808 |  |  | 37,610 |  |  | 30,233 |
Purchases of previously transferred assets, net of claims reimbursed | (2,093 | ) |  | (1,507 | ) |  | (3,140 | ) |  | (4,336 | )
| $ | 241,948 |  |  | $ | 290,808 |  |  | $ | 708,578 |  |  | $ | 1,024,101 |
In connection with these transfers, we retained MSRs of $0.6 million and $2.2 million, and $1.4 million and $5.9 million, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, which are reported in Gain on loans held for sale, net in the unaudited consolidated statements of operations. See Note 6 – Loans Held for Sale for additional information regarding gains or losses on the transfer of loans held for sale. Certain obligations arise from the agreements associated with our transfers of loans. Under these agreements, we may be obligated to repurchase the loans, or otherwise indemnify or reimburse the investor or guarantor for losses incurred due to material breach of contractual representations and warranties. The following table presents the carrying amounts of our assets that relate to our continuing involvement with forward loans that we have transferred with servicing rights retained as well as an estimate of our maximum exposure to loss including the UPB of the transferred loans:
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Carrying value of assets |  |  |
MSRs, at fair value | $ | 93,533 |  |  | $ | 132,774 |
Advances and match funded advances | 143,083 |  |  | 138,679 |
UPB of loans transferred (1) | 14,077,333 |  |  | 15,600,971 |
Maximum exposure to loss | $ | 14,313,949 |  |  | $ | 15,872,424 |
(1) | Represents UPB of loans we transferred for which we continue to act as servicer or subservicer. Our estimate of maximum exposure to loss does not include loans that we do not service for which we have provided representations and warranties because we cannot estimate such amounts. Maximum exposure to loss does not consider any collateral liquidation proceeds.
At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, 8.3% and 8.3%, respectively, of the transferred residential loans that we service were 60 days or more past due. Transfers of Reverse Mortgages We pool HECM loans into HMBS that we sell into the secondary market with servicing rights retained or we sell the loans to third parties with servicing rights released. We have determined that loan transfers in the HMBS program do not meet the definition of a participating interest because of the servicing requirements in the product that require the issuer/servicer to absorb some level of interest rate risk, cash flow timing risk and incidental credit risk. As a result, the transfers of the HECM loans do not qualify for sale accounting, and therefore, we account for these transfers as financings. Under this accounting treatment, the HECM loans are classified as Loans held for investment, at fair value, on our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Holders of participating interests in the HMBS have no recourse against the assets of Ocwen, except with respect to standard representations and warranties and our contractual obligation to service the HECM loans and the HMBS. The changes in fair value of the HECM loans and HMBS-related borrowings are included in Other revenue, net in our unaudited consolidated statements of operations. Financings of Advances Match funded advances result from our transfers of residential loan servicing advances to SPEs in exchange for cash. We consolidate these SPEs because we have determined that Ocwen is the primary beneficiary of the SPE. These SPEs issue debt supported by collections on the transferred advances, and we refer to this debt as Match funded liabilities. We make transfers to these SPEs in accordance with the terms of our advance financing facility agreements. Debt service accounts require us to remit collections on pledged advances to the trustee within two days of receipt. Collected funds that are not applied to reduce the related match funded debt until the payment dates specified in the indenture are classified as debt service accounts within Restricted cash in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. The balances also include amounts that have been set aside from the proceeds of our match funded advance facilities to provide for possible shortfalls in the funds available to pay certain expenses and interest. The funds are held in interest earning accounts and those amounts related to match funded advance facilities are held in the name of the SPE created in connection with the facility. We classify the transferred advances on our unaudited consolidated balance sheets as Match funded advances and the related liabilities as Match funded liabilities. The SPEs use collections of the pledged advances to repay principal and interest and to pay the expenses of the SPE. Holders of the debt issued by these entities have recourse only to the assets of the SPE for satisfaction of the debt. The assets and liabilities of the advance financing SPEs are comprised solely of Match funded advances, Restricted cash (Debt service accounts), Match funded liabilities and amounts due to affiliates. Amounts due to affiliates are eliminated in consolidation in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Financings of MSRs On July 1, 2019, we entered into a $300.0 million financing facility with a third-party secured by certain Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac MSRs. Two trusts were established in connection with this facility. On July 1, 2019 we entered into an MSR Excess Spread Participation Agreement under which we created a 100% participation interest in the Portfolio Excess Servicing Fees, as defined, pursuant to which the holder of the participation interest is entitled to receive certain funds collected on the related portfolio of mortgage loans (other than ancillary income and advance reimbursement amounts) with respect to such Portfolio Excess Servicing Fees. Portfolio Excess Servicing Fees are defined within the Excess Spread Participation Agreement as: (a) the portfolio collections received during the collection period, net of the base servicing fee; and (b) all other amounts payable by a loan owner or master servicer with respect to the servicing rights for the portfolio mortgage loans, including any portfolio termination payments. This participation interest has been contributed to the trusts. In connection with this facility, we entered into repurchase agreements with a third-party pursuant to which we sold trust certificates of the trusts representing certain indirect economic interests in the MSRs and agreed to repurchase such certificates at a future date at the repurchase price set forth in the repurchase agreements. Our obligations under the facility are secured by a lien on the related MSRs. In addition, Ocwen guarantees the obligations under the facility. This facility will terminate in June 2020 unless the parties mutually agree to renew or extend. We determined that the trusts are VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary. Therefore, we have included the trusts in our consolidated financial statements effective July 1, 2019. We have the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance given that we are the servicer of the MSRs that result in cash flows to the trusts. In addition, we have designed the trusts at inception to facilitate the third-party funding facility under which we have the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIEs that could be potentially significant to the VIEs. At September 30, 2019, $137.6 million was outstanding under this facility which is included in Other secured borrowings, net on our unaudited consolidated balance sheet. See Note 13 – Borrowings for additional information. The carrying value of the pledged MSRs was $192.6 million at September 30, 2019. At September 30, 2019, $1.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to this facility are included in Other assets. The assets and liabilities of the trusts include amounts due to or from affiliates which are eliminated in consolidation in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. Mortgage-Backed Securitizations The table below presents the carrying value and classification of the assets and liabilities of two consolidated mortgage-backed securitization trusts included in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets as a result of residual securities issued by the trust that we acquired during 2018.
| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Loans held for investment, at fair value - Restricted for securitization investors | $ | 24,445 |  |  | $ | 26,520 |
Financing liability - Owed to securitization investors, at fair value | 22,827 |  |  | 24,815 |
We have concluded we are the primary beneficiary of certain residential mortgage-backed securitizations as a result of beneficial interests consisting of residual securities, which expose us to the expected losses and residual returns of the trust, and our role as master servicer, where we have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the trust. Upon consolidation of the securitization trusts, we elected to apply the measurement alternative to ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement for collateralized financing entities. The measurement alternative requires a reporting entity to use the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or the financial liabilities to measure both the financial assets and the financial liabilities of the entity. We determined that the fair value of the loans held by the trusts is more observable than the fair value of the debt certificates issued by the trusts. Through the application of the measurement alternative, the fair value of the financial liabilities of the trusts are measured as the difference between the fair value of the financial assets and the fair value of our investment in the residual securities of the trusts. Holders of the debt issued by these entities have recourse only to the assets of the SPE for satisfaction of the debt and have no recourse against the assets of Ocwen for satisfaction of the debt. Similarly, the general creditors of Ocwen have no claim on the assets of the trusts. Our exposure to loss as a result of our continuing involvement is limited to the carrying values of our investments in the residual securities of the trusts, our MSRs and related advances.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a variable interest entity (VIE), including but not limited to, judgments and assumptions in determining whether to consolidate and in identifying the primary beneficiary, gain (loss) recognized on the initial consolidation of the VIE, terms of arrangements, amounts and classification of the VIE's assets and liabilities, and the entity's maximum exposure to loss. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 + Details
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