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Securitizations and Variable Interests Entities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract] |
Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities | Note 4 — Securitizations and Variable Interest Entities We securitize, sell and service forward and reverse residential mortgage loans and regularly transfer financial assets in connection with asset-backed financing arrangements. We have aggregated these transfers of financial assets and asset-backed financing arrangements using special purpose entities (SPEs) or VIEs into three groups: (1) securitizations of residential mortgage loans, (2) financings of advances and (3) MSR financings. Financing transactions that do not use SPEs or VIEs are disclosed in Note 14 — Borrowings. From time to time, we may acquire beneficial interests issued in connection with mortgage-backed securitizations where we may also be the master and/or primary servicer. These beneficial interests consist of subordinate and residual interests acquired from third-parties in market transactions. We consolidate the VIE when we conclude we are the primary beneficiary. Securitizations of Residential Mortgage Loans Transfers of Forward Loans We sell or securitize forward loans that we originate or purchase from third parties, generally in the form of mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by the GSEs or Ginnie Mae. Securitization typically occurs within 30 days of loan closing or purchase. We act only as a fiduciary and do not have a variable interest in the securitization trusts. As a result, we account for these transactions as sales upon transfer. The following table presents a summary of cash flows received from and paid to securitization trusts related to transfers of loans accounted for as sales that were outstanding:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Proceeds received from securitizations | $ | 7,533,284 |  |  | $ | 1,248,837 |  |  | $ | 1,290,682 |
Servicing fees collected (1) | 47,230 |  |  | 50,326 |  |  | 45,046 |
Purchases of previously transferred assets, net of claims reimbursed | (6,933) |  |  | (4,602) |  |  | (4,395) |
| $ | 7,573,581 |  |  | $ | 1,294,561 |  |  | $ | 1,331,333 |
(1)We receive servicing fees based upon the securitized loan balances and certain ancillary fees, all of which are reported in Servicing and subservicing fees in the consolidated statements of operations. In connection with these transfers, we retained MSRs of $68.7 million, $7.5 million and $8.3 million during 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We securitize forward and reverse residential mortgage loans involving the GSEs and loans insured by the FHA or VA through Ginnie Mae. Certain obligations arise from the agreements associated with our transfers of loans. Under these agreements, we may be obligated to repurchase the loans, or otherwise indemnify or reimburse the investor or insurer for losses incurred due to material breach of contractual representations and warranties. The following table presents the carrying amounts of our assets that relate to our continuing involvement with forward loans that we have transferred with servicing rights retained as well as an estimate of our maximum exposure to loss including the UPB of the transferred loans:
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Carrying value of assets |  |  |
MSRs, at fair value | $ | 137,029 |  |  | $ | 109,581 |
Advances | 143,361 |  |  | 141,829 |
UPB of loans transferred | 18,062,856 |  |  | 14,490,984 |
Maximum exposure to loss | $ | 18,343,246 |  |  | $ | 14,742,394 |
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, 6.8% and 7.7%, respectively, of the transferred residential loans that we service were 60 days or more past due. Transfers of Reverse Mortgages We pool HECM loans into HMBS that we sell into the secondary market with servicing rights retained or we sell the loans to third parties with servicing rights released. We have determined that loan transfers in the HMBS program do not meet the definition of a participating interest because of the servicing requirements in the product that require the issuer/servicer to absorb some level of interest rate risk, cash flow timing risk and incidental credit risk. As a result, the transfers of the HECM loans do not qualify for sale accounting, and therefore, we account for these transfers as financings. Under this accounting treatment, the HECM loans are classified as Loans held for investment, at fair value, on our consolidated balance sheets. Holders of participating interests in the HMBS have no recourse against the assets of Ocwen, except with respect to standard representations and warranties and our contractual obligation to service the HECM loans and the HMBS. Financings of Advances using SPEs Match funded advances, i.e., advances that are pledged as collateral to our advance facilities, result from our transfers of residential loan servicing advances to SPEs in exchange for cash. We consolidate these SPEs because we have determined that Ocwen is the primary beneficiary of the SPEs. These SPEs issue debt supported by collections on the transferred advances, and we refer to this debt as Advance match funded liabilities. We make transfers to these SPEs in accordance with the terms of our advance financing facility agreements. Debt service accounts require us to remit collections on pledged advances to the trustee within two days of receipt. Collected funds that are not applied to reduce the related Advance match funded debt until the payment dates specified in the indenture are classified as debt service accounts within Restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheets. The balances also include amounts that have been set aside from the proceeds of our match funded advance facilities to provide for possible shortfalls in the funds available to pay certain expenses and interest, as well as amounts set aside as required by our warehouse facilities as security for our obligations under the related agreements. The funds are held in interest earning accounts and those amounts related to match funded advance facilities are held in the name of the SPE created in connection with the facility. We classify the transferred advances on our consolidated balance sheets as a component of Advances, net and the related liabilities as Advance match funded liabilities. The SPEs use collections of the pledged advances to repay principal and interest and to pay the expenses of the SPE. Holders of the debt issued by these entities have recourse only to the assets of the SPE for satisfaction of the debt. The assets and liabilities of the advance financing SPEs are comprised solely of Advances, Restricted cash (debt service accounts), Advance match funded liabilities and amounts due to affiliates. Amounts due to affiliates are eliminated in consolidation in our consolidated balance sheets. MSR Financings using SPEs On July 1, 2019, we entered into a $300.0 million financing facility with a third-party secured by certain Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac MSRs (Agency MSRs). Two SPEs (trusts) were established in connection with this facility. On July 1, 2019, we also entered into an MSR Excess Spread Participation Agreement under which we created a 100% participation interest in the Portfolio Excess Servicing Fees, pursuant to which the holder of the participation interest is entitled to receive certain funds collected on the related portfolio of mortgage loans (other than ancillary income and advance reimbursement amounts) with respect to such Portfolio Excess Servicing Fees. This participation interest has been contributed to the trusts. On May 7, 2020 we renewed the facility through June 30, 2021 and reduced the borrowing capacity from $300.0 million to $250.0 million. We pledged the membership interest of the depositor for our OMART advance financing facility as additional collateral to this facility. In connection with this facility, we entered into repurchase agreements with a third-party pursuant to which we sold trust certificates of the trusts representing certain indirect economic interests in the Agency MSRs and agreed to repurchase such certificates at a future date at the repurchase price set forth in the repurchase agreements. Our obligations under the facility are secured by a lien on the related Agency MSRs. In addition, Ocwen guarantees the obligations under the facility. We determined that the trusts are VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary. Therefore, we have included the trusts in our consolidated financial statements effective July 1, 2019. We have the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance given that we are the servicer of the Agency MSRs that result in cash flows to the trusts. In addition, we have designed the trusts at inception to facilitate the third-party funding facility under which we have the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIEs that could be potentially significant to the VIEs. The table below presents the carrying value and classification of the assets and liabilities of the Agency MSR financing facility:
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
MSRs pledged (MSRs, at fair value) | $ | 476,371 |  |  | $ | 245,533 |
Unamortized deferred lender fees (Other assets) | 1,183 |  |  | 946 |
Debt service account (Restricted cash) | 211 |  |  | 100 |
Outstanding borrowings (Other secured borrowings, net) | 210,755 |  |  | 147,706 |
On November 26, 2019, we issued $100.0 million Ocwen Excess Spread-Collateralized Notes, Series 2019-PLS1 Class A (PLS Notes) secured by certain of PMC’s private label MSRs (PLS MSRs). PMC PLS ESR Issuer LLC (PLS Issuer) was established in this connection as a wholly owned subsidiary of PMC. PMC entered into an MSR Excess Spread Participation Agreement with PLS Issuer. PMC created a participation interest in the Excess Servicing Fees, related float and REO fees pursuant to which the holder of the participation interest will be entitled to receive such Excess Servicing Fees, related float and REO fees. PMC holds the MSRs and services the loans which create the related excess cash flows pledged under the MSR Excess Spread Participation Agreement. PLS Issuer’s obligations under the facility are secured by a lien on the related PLS MSRs. PMC sold a participation certificate representing certain economic interests in the PLS MSRs and in order to secure its obligations under the participation certificate, it granted a security interest to PLS Issuer in the PLS MSRs. The PLS Issuer assigned the security interest in the PLS MSRs to the collateral agent for the noteholders. Ocwen guarantees the obligations of PLS Issuer under the facility. We determined that PLS Issuer is a VIE for which we are the primary beneficiary. Therefore, we have included PLS Issuer in our consolidated financial statements effective November 26, 2019. We have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance given that we are the servicer of the MSRs that result in cash flows to PLS Issuer. In addition, PMC has designed PLS Issuer at inception to facilitate the funding for general corporate purposes. Separately, in return for the participation interests, PMC received the proceeds from issuance of the PLS Notes. PMC is the sole member of PLS Issuer, thus PMC has the obligation to absorb the losses of the VIE that could be potentially significant to the VIE. The table below presents the carrying value and classification of the assets and liabilities of the PLS Notes facility:
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
MSRs pledged (MSRs, at fair value) | $ | 129,204 |  |  | $ | 146,215 |
Debt service account (Restricted cash) | 2,385 |  |  | 3,002 |
Outstanding borrowings (Other secured borrowings, net) | 68,313 |  |  | 94,395 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs (Other secured borrowings, net) | 894 |  |  | 1,208 |
Mortgage-Backed Securitizations The table below presents the carrying value and classification of the assets and liabilities of consolidated mortgage-backed securitization trusts included in our consolidated balance sheets as a result of residual securities issued we acquired in 2018 which were issued by the trusts.
| December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Loans held for investment, at fair value - Restricted for securitization investors | $ | 9,770 |  |  | $ | 23,342 |
Financing liability - Owed to securitization investors, at fair value | 9,770 |  |  | 22,002 |
We concluded we are the primary beneficiary of certain residential mortgage-backed securitizations as a result of beneficial interests consisting of residual securities, which expose us to the expected losses and residual returns of the trust, and our role as master servicer, where we have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact the performance of the trust. Holders of the debt issued by the consolidated securitization trust entities have recourse only to the assets of the SPE for satisfaction of the debt and have no recourse against the assets of Ocwen. Similarly, the general creditors of Ocwen have no claim on the assets of the trusts. Our exposure to loss as a result of our continuing involvement is limited to the carrying values of our investments in the residual securities of the trusts, our MSRs and related advances. In June 2020, we sold beneficial interests consisting of residual securities with a fair value of $1.2 million that we held in one of the consolidated securitization trusts. Effective with the sale, Ocwen deconsolidated the trust as it is no longer the primary beneficiary.

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