XML 46 R25.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.22.0.1
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities
Note 17 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities  
The table below summarizes the fair value, notional and maturity of our derivative instruments. The notional amount of our contracts does not represent our exposure to credit loss. None of the derivatives were designated as a hedge for accounting purposes as of or during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
MaturitiesNotionalFair ValueMaturitiesNotionalFair Value
Derivative Assets (Other assets)
Forward sales of Reverse loansFeb. 2022$175,000 $364 Jan. 2021$30,000 $34 
Forward loans IRLCsJan. - Apr. 20221,021,978 16,074 Apr. 2021619,713 22,224 
Reverse loans IRLCsJan. 202263,327 2,011 Jan. 202111,692 482 
TBA forward Pipeline tradesJan. - Mar. 2022587,000 946 N/A— — 
Interest rate swap futuresMar. 2022792,500 1,734 Mar. 2021593,500 504 
Option contractsJan. 2022125,000 547 N/A— — 
OtherN/A— — N/A— 2 
Total$2,764,805 $21,675 $1,254,905 $23,246 
Derivative Liabilities (Other liabilities)
Forward sales of Reverse loansN/A$— $— Jan. 2021$20,000 $(84)
TBA forward Pipeline tradesJan. - Mar. 2022645,000 (898)N/A— — 
TBA forward MBS tradesFeb. 2022550,000 (287)Jan. 2021400,000 (4,554)
Option contractsFeb. 2022450,000 (824)N/A— — 
OtherN/A— (1,070)N/A— — 
Total$1,645,000 $(3,080)$420,000 $(4,638)
The table below summarizes the net gains and losses of our derivative instruments recognized in our consolidated statement of operations.
Year Ended December 31, 2021Year Ended December 31, 2020
Gain / (Loss)Gain / (Loss)
AmountFinancial Statement LineAmountFinancial Statement Line
Derivative Instruments
Forward loans IRLCs$(6,150)Gain on loans held for sale, net$17,479 Gain on loans held for sale, net
Reverse loans IRLCs1,529 Reverse mortgage revenue, net349 Reverse mortgage revenue, net
TBA forward pipeline trades1,483 Gain on loans held for sale, net (Economic Hedge)— N/A
Interest rate swap futures and TBA forward MBS trades— Gain on loans held for sale, net (Economic hedge)(10,140)Gain on loans held for sale, net (Economic hedge)
Interest rate swap futures, TBA forward MBS trades and option contracts(9,542)MSR valuation adjustments, net27,538 MSR valuation adjustments, net
Forward sales of Reverse loans414 Reverse mortgage revenue, net(29)Reverse mortgage revenue, net
Other(2)Gain on loans held for sale, net73 Gain on loans held for sale, net
Other(1,070)Other, net— N/A
$(13,339)$35,270 
Interest Rate Risk
MSR Hedging
MSRs are carried at fair value with changes in fair value being recorded in earnings in the period in which the changes occur. The fair value of MSRs is subject to changes in market interest rates and prepayment speeds.
Through May 2021, management implemented a macro-hedging strategy to reduce the volatility of our MSR portfolio attributable to interest rate changes. As a general matter, the impact of interest rates on the fair value of our MSR portfolio is naturally offset by other exposures, including our loan pipeline and our economic MSR value embedded in our reverse mortgage loan portfolio. Our hedging strategy was targeted at mitigating the residual exposure, which we referred to as our net MSR portfolio exposure. We defined our net MSR portfolio exposure as follows:
•our more interest rate-sensitive Agency MSR portfolio,
•less the Agency MSRs subject to our agreements with NRZ (See Note 8 — MSR Transfers Not Qualifying for Sale Accounting),
•less the unsecuritized reverse mortgage loans and tails classified as held for investment,
•less the asset value for securitized HECM loans, net of the corresponding HMBS-related borrowings, and
•less the net value of our held for sale loan portfolio and interest rate lock commitments (pipeline).
Effective May 2021, management began hedging its MSR portfolio and its pipeline separately (see below for further description of pipeline hedging), effectively ending the macro-hedge strategy previously in place. Under the new MSR hedging strategy, the interest-rate sensitive MSR portfolio exposure is now defined as follows:
•Agency MSR portfolio,
•expected Agency MSR bulk transactions subject to letters of intent (LOI),
•less the Agency MSRs subject to our sale agreements with NRZ and MAV (See Note 8 — MSR Transfers Not Qualifying for Sale Accounting ),
•less the asset value for securitized HECM loans, net of the corresponding HMBS-related borrowings.
The objective of our MSR policy is to provide partial hedge coverage of interest-rate sensitive MSR portfolio exposure, considering market and liquidity conditions. The hedge coverage ratio defined as the ratio of hedge and asset rate sensitivity (referred to as DV01) at the time of measurement is subject to lower and upper thresholds, as modeled, of 40% and 60%, respectively. Accordingly, the changes in fair value of our hedging instruments may not fully offset the changes in fair value of
our net MSR portfolio exposure attributable to interest rate changes. In addition, while DV01 measures remain within the range of our hedging strategy’s objective, actual changes in fair value of the derivatives and MSR portfolio may not offset to the same extent, due to non-parallel changes in the interest rate curve and the basis risk inherent in the MSR profile and hedging instruments. We continuously evaluate the use of hedging instruments to strive to enhance the effectiveness of our interest rate hedging strategy.
Effective October 2021, we refined the scope of the hedge policy to allow for MSRs subject to LOI to be covered under a separate hedge coverage ratio requirement sufficient to preserve the economics of the intended transactions.
Our derivative instruments include forward trades of MBS or Agency TBAs with different banking counterparties and exchange-traded interest rate swap futures and interest rate options. TBAs, or To-Be-Announced securities are actively traded, forward contracts to purchase or sell Agency MBS on a specific future date. From time-to-time, we enter into exchange-traded options contracts on Treasury futures, generally in a sell put and buy call option strategy. These derivative instruments are not designated as accounting hedges. We report changes in fair value of these derivative instruments in MSR valuation adjustments, net in our consolidated statements of operations, within the Servicing segment. We may, from time to time, establish inter-segment derivative instruments between the MSR and pipeline hedging strategies to optimize the use of third party derivatives. Such inter-segment derivatives are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.
The derivative instruments are subject to margin requirements, posted as either initial margin or variation margin. Ocwen may be required to post or may be entitled to receive cash collateral with its counterparties through margin calls, based on daily value changes of the instruments. Changes in market factors, including interest rates, and our credit rating could require us to post additional cash collateral and could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and liquidity.
Pipeline Hedging - Interest Rate Lock Commitments and Loans Held for Sale, at Fair Value
In our Originations business, we are exposed to interest rate risk and related price risk during the period from the date of the interest rate lock commitment through (1) the commitment cancellation or expiration date or (ii) through the date of sale of the resulting loan into the secondary mortgage market. Loan commitments for forward loans generally range from 5 to 90 days, with the majority of our commitments to borrowers for 75 days and our commitments to correspondent sellers for 7 days. Loans held for sale are generally funded and sold within 5 to 20 days. This interest rate exposure was not individually hedged until May 2021, but rather used as an offset to our MSR exposure and managed as part of our MSR macro-hedging strategy described above. Effective May 2021, we implemented a new pipeline hedging strategy, whereby the interest rate exposure of loans held for sale and interest rate lock commitments is economically hedged with derivative instruments, including forward sales of Agency TBAs. We report changes in fair value of these derivative instruments as gain or loss on economic hedge instruments within gain on loans held-for-sale in our consolidated statements of operations.
Advance Match Funded Liabilities
We monitor the effect of increases in interest rates on the interest paid on our variable-rate advance financing debt. Earnings on cash and float balances are a partial offset to our exposure to changes in interest expense. We purchase interest rate caps as economic hedges (not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes) when required by our advance financing arrangements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Our operations in India and the Philippines expose us to foreign currency exchange rate risk to the extent that our foreign exchange positions remain unhedged. Depending on the magnitude and risk of our positions, we may enter into forward exchange contracts to hedge against the effect of changes in the value of the India Rupee or Philippine Peso. We currently do not hedge our foreign currency exposure with derivative instruments. Foreign currency remeasurement exchange gains (losses) were $0.3 million, $(1.0) million and $(0.2) million during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are reported in Other, net in the consolidated statements of operations.