EX-99.12.A.4 4 fp0016545_ex12a4.htm
 
Exhibit 12(a)(4)

JP MORGAN ASSET MANAGEMENT

Emerging Markets and Asia Pacific Group
Asia ex Japan

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
& VOTING POLICY GUIDELINES

March 2015

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Table of contents        Page
     
I
Principles
3
II
Policy and Procedures
4 – 6
III
Voting Guidelines
6 – 12
 
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I        PRINCIPLES

Corporate governance addresses the agency problems that are induced by the separation of ownership and control in the modern corporation. JPMAM is committed to delivering superior investment performance to its clients worldwide. We believe that one of the drivers of investment performance is an assessment of the corporate governance principles and practices of the companies in which we invest our clients’ assets and we expect those companies to demonstrate high standards of governance in the management of their business.

We have set out below the principles which provide the framework for our corporate governance policy and proxy voting activity. Although the guidelines set out in this document apply to accounts managed from the Hong Kong and Singapore offices, our colleagues in London, New York and Tokyo have similar standards, consistent with law and best practice in these different locations.

Fiduciary Priority. Our clients appoint us to manage their assets in order to maximize the likelihood of meeting or exceeding their investment objectives at acceptable risk levels. Every decision to buy, hold or sell any security will be consistent with that overriding objective.

Stewardship and Engagement. We believe that regular contact with the companies that we invest in is central to our investment process. Our clients expect us, as their delegates, to monitor the governance of companies in which we have invested their assets. We encourage excellence in the management of companies through the considered application of best corporate governance practice.

Proxy Voting. Company management is accountable to the shareholders, our clients. It is our responsibility to ensure this is recognized through the considered use of our clients’ votes.

Sustainability. We believe that non-financial factors such as social, environmental and sustainability issues can have an economic impact on our clients’ investments. We expect the companies in which we invest to behave in a manner consistent with these wider obligations.

Ongoing commitment. We are committed to reviewing our corporate governance principles, policies and guidelines to ensure that they fully reflect our interpretation of best market practice.
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II            POLICY AND PROCEDURES

1      Proxy Committee

The JPMAM Asia Proxy Committee oversees the proxy voting process in the Asia ex Japan region. It is composed of senior officers from the investment and client services departments and supported by specialists from compliance and risk management. It meets quarterly, or more frequently as circumstances dictate and its minutes are circulated to senior management including the Global Proxy Committee to which it reports.

2      Voting Policy

JPMAM manages the voting rights of the shares entrusted to it as it would manage any other asset. It is our policy to vote in a prudent and diligent manner, based exclusively on our reasonable judgement of what will best serve the financial interests of the beneficial owners of the security. So far as is practicable we will vote at all of the meetings called by companies in which we are invested.

Our Guidelines are primarily targeted at companies listed on main stock exchanges. It is sometimes difficult for smaller companies to apply the same corporate governance standards and we would look at any issues for such companies on a case-by-case basis. We would, however, encourage them to apply the highest possible standards of governance.

At AGMs in Asia ex Japan markets, we will generally follow the recommendations of an independent proxy voting service provider for items that are of a routine and non-contentious nature. To ensure we fulfil our fiduciary obligation to always act in our clients best interests, we will review each AGM notice to check whether there are any non-routine matters such as company reorganisations/ restructurings, takeover/ merger and senior management compensation plans included therein. If any such matters are identified then we will consider each one individually so that our clients’ best interests are served. The major routine matters in AGM are as follows:

1.      Accept Financial Statement and Statutory Reports
2.      Approve Dividend
3.      Election and re-election of directors
4.      Fix remuneration of directors
5.      Appoint auditors and fix remunerations
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6.      Approve issuance of Equity or Equity-Linked Securities without pre-emptive rights
7.      Approve repurchase of shares (up to 20% of issued capital)
8.      Authorise reissuance of repurchased shares

Also, certain markets require that shares are blocked from trading in order to be tendered for voting purposes. In these instances, it may be in our clients’ best interests to abstain from voting in order to preserve the ability to trade. For these countries, a decision will be taken on a case-by case basis in conjunction with the portfolio manager in order to determine how our clients’ best interests are served.

To assist us with companies’ proxy voting proposals, we have retained the services of an independent proxy voting provider, who is assigned responsibility for various functions, which may include one or more of the following: coordinating with client custodians to ensure that all proxy materials are processed in a timely fashion; providing us with a comprehensive analysis of each proxy proposal and providing us with recommendations on how to vote each proxy proposal based on our guidelines.

We have adopted procedures to recall shares on loan if a proposed major corporate event contemplates a shareholder vote to approve or to take other action. However, we may determine: (a) not to recall securities on loan if, in our judgment, the negative consequences to clients of recalling the loaned securities would outweigh the benefits of voting in the particular instance or (b) not to vote certain foreign securities positions if, in our judgment, the expense and administrative inconvenience or other burdens outweigh the benefits to clients of voting the securities.

Situations can sometimes arise where more than one JPMAM client invests in the same company or in which a single client may invest in the same company but in multiple accounts. In those situations, two or more clients, or one client with different accounts, may be invested in strategies having different investment objectives, investment styles, or portfolio managers. As a result, JPMAM may cast different votes on behalf of different clients or on behalf of the same client with different accounts.

In the event a JPMAM investment professional makes a recommendation in connection with an override, the investment professional must provide the appropriate Proxy Administrator with reasons supporting his recommendation and a certification that he received no communication in regard to the proxy that would violate either the JPMorgan Chase Safeguard Policy or written policy on information barriers, or received any communication in connection with the proxy solicitation or otherwise that would suggest the existence of an actual or potential conflict between JPMAM’s interests and that of its clients and that he was not aware of any personal or other relationship that could present an actual or potential conflict of interest with the clients’ interests.

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Conflicts of Interest

In order to maintain the integrity and independence of JPMAM’s proxy voting decisions, JPMorgan Chase has established formal barriers designed to restrict the flow of information amongst the asset management, securities, lending, investment banking and other divisions.

Where a potential material conflict of interest has been identified, the Proxy Administrator, in consultation with the Proxy Committee, will evaluate the potential conflict and make a recommendation on how to vote the proxy.

Finally, it should be pointed out that this document is intended as an overview only. Specific issues should always be directed to your account administrator or portfolio manager.

III              VOTING GUIDELINES

Annual Report

Reports and accounts should be both detailed and transparent, and should be submitted to shareholders for approval. They should meet accepted reporting standards, and company accounts should employ Generally Accepted Accounting Practices. Reports should meet with the spirit as well as the letter of reporting standards, including the most recent recommendations of the International Accounting Standards Board.

The annual report should include a statement of compliance with relevant codes of best practice, in markets where they exist.

Legal disclosure varies from market to market. If, in our opinion, a company’s standards of disclosure are insufficient in any particular area, we will inform company management of our concerns. Depending on the circumstances, we will either abstain or vote against the resolution concerned . Similar consideration would relate to the use of inappropriate accounting methods.

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Dividends

Proposals for the payment of dividends should be presented to shareholders for approval, and should be fully disclosed in advance of the meeting. We will vote against dividend proposals if we feel that payment of the proposed dividend would prejudice the solvency or future prospects of the company.

Auditors

Auditors must provide an independent and objective check on the way in which the financial statements have been prepared and presented. We will vote against the appointment or reappointment of auditors who are not perceived as being independent.

Companies should be encouraged to distinguish clearly between audit and non- audit fees. Audit fees should never be excessive. Audit committees should keep under review the non-audit fees paid to the auditor, both in relation to the size of the total audit fee and in relation to the company’s total expenditure on consultancy. A mechanism should be in place to ensure that consultancy work is put out to competitive tender. We would oppose non-audit fees consistently exceeding audit fees where no explanation is given to shareholders.

Boards

We believe that it is best practice for the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer to be separate.

We are in favour of unitary boards of the type found in Hong Kong, as opposed to tiered board structures.

Boards with more than 20 directors are considered to be excessively large.

We believe that a strong independent element to a board is essential to the effective running of a company. The calibre and number of non-executive directors on a board should be such that their views will carry significant weight in the board’s decisions. We believe that as a minimum, all boards should have at least three independent directors, unless the company is of such a size that sustaining such a number would be an excessive burden. We will use its voting powers to encourage appropriate levels of board independence, taking into account local market practice.

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Board Committees

Where appropriate, boards should delegate key oversight functions to independent committees. The Chairman and members of any Committee should be clearly identified in the annual report.

Executive Directors’ Remuneration

Executive remuneration is and will remain a contentious issue, particularly the overall quantum of remuneration. We will generally vote against shareholder proposals to restrict arbitrarily the compensation of executives or other employees.

Directors’ Liability

In certain markets, this proposal asks shareholders to give blanket discharge from responsibility for all decisions made during the previous financial year. Depending on the market, this resolution may or may not be legally binding, and may not release the board from its legal responsibility.

We will usually vote against discharging the board from responsibility in cases of pending litigation, or if there is evidence of wrongdoing for which the board must be held accountable.

Directors over 70

We consider that a similar standard of care should be applied to the selection of a director over 70 as would be applied to that of any other director, although we would expect to see such a director offer him or herself for re-election each year.

Directors’ Contract

Generally, we believe that directors’ contracts should be of one year’s duration or less.

Non-Executive Directors

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As stated earlier in these guidelines, JPMAM believes that a strong independent element to a board is important to the effective running of a company. In determining our vote, we will always consider independence issues on a case-by- case basis, taking into account any exceptional individual circumstances, together with local markets’ differing attitudes to director independence.

In order to help assess their contribution to the company, the time spent by each non-executive director should be disclosed to shareholders, as well as their attendance at board and committee meetings.

Audit and Remuneration Committees should be composed exclusively of independent directors.

Director Independence

We consider that a director will generally be deemed to be independent if he or she has no significant financial, family or other ties with the company which might pose a conflict, and has not been employed in an executive capacity by the company for at least the previous ten years.

Multiple Directorships

In order to be able to devote sufficient time to his or her duties, we would not normally expect a non-executive to hold more than five significant directorships at any one time. For executives, only one additional non-executive post would normally be considered appropriate without further explanation.

Non-Executive Directors’ Remuneration

Non-executive directors should be paid but should not be awarded options.

Bonuses for Retiring Directors and Internal Statutory Auditors

We will generally vote Against proposals for retirement bonuses which will be paid to retirees including one or more directors or statutory auditors designated by companies as an outsider.
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Issue of Equity
 
In most countries, company law requires that shareholder approval be obtained in order to increase the authorized share capital of the company. Proposals for equity issues will also specify whether pre-emptive rights are to be retained or suppressed or partially suppressed for the issue. As a general rule, JPMAM believes that any significant new issue of equity should first be offered to existing shareholders on a pre-emptive basis.

JPMAM will vote in favour of increases in capital which enhance a company’s long-term prospects.

Issue of Debt

Reasons for increased bank borrowing powers are many and varied, including allowing normal growth of the company, the financing of acquisitions, and allowing increased financial leverage. Management may also attempt to borrow as part of a takeover defence.

JPMAM will vote in favour of proposals which will enhance a company’s long- term prospects. We will vote against an increase in bank borrowing powers which would result in the company reaching an unacceptable level of financial leverage, where such borrowing is expressly intended as part of a takeover defence, or where there is a material reduction in shareholder value.

Share Repurchase Programs

Boards may instigate share repurchase or stock buy-back programs for a number of reasons. JPMAM will vote in favour of such programs where the repurchase would be in the best interests of shareholders and where the company is not thought to be able to use the cash in a more useful way.

We will vote against such programs when shareholders’ interests could be better served by deployment of the cash for alternative uses, or where the repurchase is a defensive manoeuvre or an attempt to entrench management.

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Mergers and Acquisitions
 
JPMAM always reviews mergers and acquisitions on a case-by-case basis. As a general rule, we will favour mergers and acquisitions where the proposed transaction price represents fair value, where shareholders cannot realise greater value through other means, and where all shareholders receive fair and equal treatment under the offer terms.

Voting Rights

JPMAM believes in the fundamental principle of ‘one share, one vote’. Accordingly, we will vote to phase out dual voting rights or classes of share with restricted voting rights, and will oppose attempts to introduce new ones. We are opposed to mechanisms that skew voting rights, such as cumulative voting; and voting rights should accrue in accordance with the shareholder’s equity capital commitment to the company.

Share Options

Best practice requires that share options be fully expensed, so that shareholders can assess their true cost to the company. The assumptions and methodology behind the expensing calculation should also be explained to shareholders.

We will generally vote against the cancellation and re-issue, re-pricing, of underwater options or the backdating of options.

Long Term Incentive Plans

A long term incentive plan can be defined as any arrangement, other than deferred bonuses and retirement benefit plans, which require one or more conditions in respect of service and/or performance to be satisfied over more than one financial year.

JPMAM normally will vote in favour of schemes with keen incentives and challenging performance criteria, which are fully disclosed to shareholders in advance, and vote against payments which are excessive or performance criteria which are undemanding.

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Charitable Issues
 
Charitable donations are generally acceptable, provided they are within reasonable limits and fully disclosed to shareholders.

Political Issues

JPMAM does not normally support the use of shareholder funds for political donations.

Poison Pills

Poison pills or shareholder rights plans, are devices designed to defend against a hostile takeover. Typically they give shareholders of a target company or a friendly party the right to purchase shares at a substantial discount to market value, or shares with special conversion rights in the event of a pre-defined triggering event such as a outsider’s acquisition of a certain percentage of stock.

JPMAM is fundamentally opposed to any artificial barrier to the efficient functioning of markets. The market for corporate control should ultimately be for shareholders, not managers to decide.

JPMAM will generally vote against anti-takeover schemes and support proposals aimed at revoking existing plans. Where such devices exist, they should be fully disclosed to shareholders who should be given the opportunity to review them periodically.

Composite Resolutions

Agenda items at shareholder meetings should be presented in such a way that they can be voted upon clearly, distinctly and unambiguously. We normally oppose deliberately vague, composite or bundled resolutions, depending on the context.

JP Morgan Asset Management
Emerging Markets and Asia Pacific Group Asia ex Japan
Asia Proxy Committee

March 2015
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