Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges

The Company recorded restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, as follows:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2017		2016
Employee termination charges	$	2.9	$	4.9
Impairment charges	0.4		16.7
Transaction-related charges	0.8		0.6
Integration costs	—		0.1
Other restructuring charges	5.1		6.6
Total	$	9.2	$	28.9

The costs related to these activities have been recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges. See Note 18, "Segment Information," for restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges by segment.

Restructuring Charges

The Company began a restructuring program in 2010 related to eliminating excess manufacturing capacity and properly aligning its cost structure. The Company has announced a total of 37 plant closures and has reduced headcount by approximately 11,400 employees since 2010. The Company recorded the following charges as a result of plant closures and other restructuring programs:


•	Employee termination charges of $2.9 million and $4.9 million were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company reduced its workforce through facility consolidations and involuntary separation programs.


•	There were no integration costs recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2017. Integration costs of $0.1 million were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2016, related to costs for the integration of acquired companies.

•

Other restructuring charges of $5.1 million were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2017, which consisted of the following: (1) $3.2 million of lease exit charges primarily related to the closures of the Huntington Beach, California; and Manassas, Virginia plants; (2) $1.2 million of equipment and infrastructure removal costs from closed plants; and (3) $0.7 million of vacant facility carrying costs, net of a $3.7 million gain from the sale of the East Greenville, Pennsylvania and Marengo, Iowa plants. Other restructuring charges of $6.6 million were recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2016, which consisted of the following: (1) $4.0 million of vacant facility carrying costs; (2) $2.5 million of equipment and infrastructure removal costs from closed plants; and (3) $0.1 million of lease exit charges.

The restructuring charges recorded were based on plans that have been committed to by management and were, in part, based upon management's best estimates of future events. Changes to the estimates may require future restructuring charges and adjustments to the restructuring liabilities. The Company expects to incur additional restructuring charges related to these and other initiatives.

Impairment Charges

The Company recognized impairment charges of $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017, for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities.

The Company recognized impairment charges of $16.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016, which consisted of the following: (1) $12.1 million of land and building impairment charges related to the Atglen, Pennsylvania plant closure; and (2) $4.6 million of impairment charges primarily for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, including Atglen, Pennsylvania; Augusta, Georgia; and East Greenville, Pennsylvania, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities.

The fair values of the impaired assets were determined by the Company to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy (see Note 11, "Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements," for the definition of Level 3 inputs) and were estimated based on internal discounted cash flow estimates, quoted market prices where available and independent appraisals, as appropriate. These assets were adjusted to their estimated fair values at the time of impairment.

Transaction-Related Charges

The Company incurs transaction-related charges primarily consisting of professional service fees related to business acquisition and divestiture activities. The Company recognized transaction-related charges of $0.8 million and $0.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The transaction-related charges were expensed as incurred in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on business combinations.

Restructuring Reserves

Activity impacting the Company's restructuring reserves for the three months ended March 31, 2017, was as follows:



	Employee Termination Charges			Impairment Charges			Transaction-Related Charges			Integration Costs		Other Restructuring Charges			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	7.6		$	—		$	0.1		$	1.1	$	10.4		$	19.2
Expense	2.9			0.4			0.8			—		5.1			9.2
Cash payments	(2.9		)	—			(0.5		)	—		(3.0		)	(6.4		)
Non-cash adjustments	—			(0.4		)	—			—		—			(0.4		)
Balance at March 31, 2017	$	7.6		$	—		$	0.4		$	1.1	$	12.5		$	21.6

The Company's restructuring reserves at March 31, 2017, included a short-term and a long-term component. The short-term portion included $15.3 million in accrued liabilities (see Note 12, "Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities") and $1.0 million in accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the Company expects these reserves to be paid within the next twelve months. The long-term portion of $5.3 million is included in other long-term liabilities (see Note 12, "Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities") in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.