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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-34806
Quad/Graphics, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Wisconsin |  | 39-1152983
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

N61 W23044 Harry’s Way, Sussex, Wisconsin 53089-3995
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(414) 566-6000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.025 per share | QUAD | The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☒
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  | Outstanding as of October 30, 2020
Class A Common Stock |  | 40,099,652
Class B Common Stock |  | 13,556,858
Class C Common Stock |  | —

Table of Contents
QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
FORM 10-Q INDEX
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2020

|  |  | Page No.
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
| ITEM 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 7
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited) | 8
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 10
| ITEM 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 41
| ITEM 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 76
| ITEM 4. | Controls and Procedures | 78
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 78
| ITEM 1A. | Risk Factors | 79
| ITEM 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 79
| ITEM 6. | Exhibits | 80
| Signatures | 81

2

Table of Contents
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 493.5 |  |  | $ | 742.5 |  |  | $ | 1,586.2 |  |  | $ | 2,247.4 |
Services | 185.8 |  |  | 201.1 |  |  | 500.1 |  |  | 606.1 |
Total net sales | 679.3 |  |  | 943.6 |  |  | 2,086.3 |  |  | 2,853.5 |
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | 410.1 |  |  | 625.3 |  |  | 1,296.7 |  |  | 1,896.0 |
Services | 133.2 |  |  | 139.2 |  |  | 355.2 |  |  | 428.3 |
Total cost of sales | 543.3 |  |  | 764.5 |  |  | 1,651.9 |  |  | 2,324.3 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 75.1 |  |  | 99.6 |  |  | 238.0 |  |  | 290.5 |
Depreciation and amortization | 44.8 |  |  | 52.2 |  |  | 138.9 |  |  | 159.3 |
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | 9.8 |  |  | 56.7 |  |  | 49.0 |  |  | 73.7 |
Total operating expenses | 673.0 |  |  | 973.0 |  |  | 2,077.8 |  |  | 2,847.8 |
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations | 6.3 |  |  | (29.4) |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 5.7 |
Interest expense | 17.9 |  |  | 22.0 |  |  | 52.2 |  |  | 69.6 |
Net pension income | (2.7) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (8.0) |  |  | (4.5) |
Loss on debt extinguishment | — |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 30.5 |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | (8.9) |  |  | (64.5) |  |  | (37.5) |  |  | (89.9) |
Income tax benefit | (12.0) |  |  | (17.6) |  |  | (17.5) |  |  | (28.0) |
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | 3.1 |  |  | (46.9) |  |  | (20.0) |  |  | (61.9) |
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | 0.4 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.9 |
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations | 2.7 |  |  | (47.0) |  |  | (20.9) |  |  | (62.8) |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (1.1) |  |  | (79.4) |  |  | (13.6) |  |  | (101.1) |
Net earnings (loss) | 1.6 |  |  | (126.4) |  |  | (34.5) |  |  | (163.9) |
Less: net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.1) |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | (126.5) |  |  | $ | (34.3) |  |  | $ | (163.8) |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
3

Table of Contents
QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
(in millions, except per share data)
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.94) |  |  | $ | (0.41) |  |  | $ | (1.26) |
Discontinued operations | (0.02) |  |  | (1.58) |  |  | (0.27) |  |  | (2.02) |
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (2.52) |  |  | $ | (0.68) |  |  | $ | (3.28) |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.94) |  |  | $ | (0.41) |  |  | $ | (1.26) |
Discontinued operations | (0.02) |  |  | (1.58) |  |  | (0.27) |  |  | (2.02) |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (2.52) |  |  | $ | (0.68) |  |  | $ | (3.28) |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 50.7 |  |  | 50.1 |  |  | 50.6 |  |  | 50.0 |
Diluted | 51.1 |  |  | 50.1 |  |  | 50.6 |  |  | 50.0 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
4

Table of Contents
QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net earnings (loss) | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | (126.4) |  |  | $ | (34.5) |  |  | $ | (163.9) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Translation adjustments | 4.2 |  |  | (8.2) |  |  | (9.0) |  |  | (6.4) |
Interest rate swap adjustments | 1.8 |  |  | (2.0) |  |  | (9.3) |  |  | (12.6) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | 6.0 |  |  | (10.2) |  |  | (18.3) |  |  | (19.0) |
Income tax impact related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) | (0.5) |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 3.2 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 5.5 |  |  | (9.7) |  |  | (16.0) |  |  | (15.8) |
Total comprehensive income (loss) | 7.1 |  |  | (136.1) |  |  | (50.5) |  |  | (179.7) |
Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.1) |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | 7.1 |  |  | $ | (136.2) |  |  | $ | (50.3) |  |  | $ | (179.6) |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 92.9 |  |  | $ | 78.7 |
Receivables, less allowance for credit losses of $33.8 million at September 30, 2020, and $25.0 million at December 31, 2019 | 370.1 |  |  | 456.1 |
Inventories | 218.3 |  |  | 210.5 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 49.0 |  |  | 109.0 |
Current assets of discontinued operations | 20.8 |  |  | 56.6 |
Total current assets | 751.1 |  |  | 910.9 |
Property, plant and equipment—net | 953.6 |  |  | 1,036.5 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets—net | 83.5 |  |  | 97.9 |
Goodwill | 103.0 |  |  | 103.0 |
Other intangible assets—net | 113.3 |  |  | 137.2 |
Equity method investment in unconsolidated entity | 1.7 |  |  | 3.6 |
Other long-term assets | 95.2 |  |  | 127.5 |
Long-term assets of discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.5 |
Total assets | $ | 2,101.4 |  |  | $ | 2,417.1 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 320.6 |  |  | $ | 416.7 |
Other current liabilities | 282.7 |  |  | 303.0 |
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | 56.8 |  |  | 40.0 |
Current portion of finance lease obligations | 3.0 |  |  | 7.7 |
Current portion of operating lease obligations | 27.1 |  |  | 30.2 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | 5.4 |  |  | 15.8 |
Total current liabilities | 695.6 |  |  | 813.4 |
Long-term debt | 969.1 |  |  | 1,058.5 |
Finance lease obligations | 2.3 |  |  | 6.0 |
Operating lease obligations | 58.4 |  |  | 70.4 |
Deferred income taxes | 3.7 |  |  | 2.8 |
Other long-term liabilities | 207.2 |  |  | 221.1 |
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Total liabilities | 1,936.9 |  |  | 2,172.8 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |
Preferred stock | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, Class A | 1.0 |  |  | 1.0 |
Common stock, Class B | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |
Common stock, Class C | — |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital | 830.6 |  |  | 847.4 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (13.0) |  |  | (31.5) |
Accumulated deficit | (472.0) |  |  | (423.5) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (183.2) |  |  | (167.2) |
Quad’s shareholders’ equity | 163.8 |  |  | 226.6 |
Noncontrolling interests | 0.7 |  |  | 17.7 |
Total shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests | 164.5 |  |  | 244.3 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 2,101.4 |  |  | $ | 2,417.1 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (34.5) |  |  | $ | (163.9) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 138.9 |  |  | 172.9 |
Impairment charges | 15.7 |  |  | 94.2 |
Goodwill impairment | — |  |  | 10.1 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount | 1.9 |  |  | 3.0 |
Loss on debt extinguishment | 1.8 |  |  | 30.5 |
Stock-based compensation | 8.2 |  |  | 11.6 |
Gain from property insurance claims | (4.2) |  |  | (0.8) |
Gain on the sale of a businesses | (0.1) |  |  | (8.6) |
Gain on the sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment | (2.3) |  |  | (6.6) |
Deferred income taxes | 27.2 |  |  | (58.3) |
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | 0.9 |  |  | 0.9 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities—net of acquisitions and divestitures | (46.1) |  |  | (80.9) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 107.4 |  |  | 4.1 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (50.7) |  |  | (98.5) |
Cost investment in unconsolidated entities | (0.5) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment | 6.0 |  |  | 17.3 |
Proceeds from the sale of businesses | 47.1 |  |  | 11.1 |
Proceeds from property insurance claims | 4.8 |  |  | 0.3 |
Loan to an unconsolidated entity | — |  |  | (5.0) |
Acquisition of businesses—net of cash acquired | (2.0) |  |  | (121.0) |
Other investing activities | 2.3 |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 7.0 |  |  | (195.8) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 1.0 |  |  | 1,284.1 |
Payments of long-term debt | (69.5) |  |  | (1,067.7) |
Payments of finance lease obligations | (6.5) |  |  | (5.8) |
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities | 341.9 |  |  | 3,171.3 |
Payments on revolving credit facilities | (347.3) |  |  | (3,160.1) |
Payments of debt issuance costs and financing fees | (2.7) |  |  | (20.2) |
Change in ownership of noncontrolling interests | (6.4) |  |  | — |
Equity awards redeemed to pay employees’ tax obligations | (1.0) |  |  | (6.6) |
Payment of cash dividends | (9.5) |  |  | (49.2) |
Other financing activities | 0.1 |  |  | (5.3) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (99.9) |  |  | 140.5 |
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (0.3) |  |  | (0.1) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 14.2 |  |  | (51.3) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 78.7 |  |  | 69.5 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 92.9 |  |  | $ | 18.2 |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Quad’s Shareholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | 54.3 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 847.4 |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | $ | (31.5) |  |  | $ | (423.5) |  |  | $ | (167.2) |  |  | $ | 226.6 |  |  | $ | 17.7 |  |  |
Accumulated deficit transition adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6.3) |  |  | — |  |  | (6.3) |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2020 |  | 54.3 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 847.4 |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | $ | (31.5) |  |  | $ | (429.8) |  |  | $ | (167.2) |  |  | $ | 220.3 |  |  | $ | 17.7 |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12.4) |  |  | — |  |  | (12.4) |  |  | — |  |  |
Change in ownership of noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15.3) |  |  | (15.3) |  |  | — |  |  |
Interest rate swap adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8.3) |  |  | (8.3) |  |  | — |  |  |
Cash dividends declared ($0.15 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7.9) |  |  | — |  |  | (7.9) |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | — |  |  |
Issuance of share-based awards, net of other activity |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (19.8) |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 19.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Awards redeemed to pay employees’ tax obligations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2020 |  | 54.4 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 830.7 |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | $ | (12.7) |  |  | $ | (450.1) |  |  | $ | (190.8) |  |  | $ | 178.5 |  |  | $ | 17.8 |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (23.5) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  |
Change in ownership of noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.4) |  |  | (16.9) |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | — |  |  |
Issuance of share-based awards, net of other activity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2020 |  | 54.4 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 828.0 |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | $ | (12.9) |  |  | $ | (473.6) |  |  | $ | (188.7) |  |  | $ | 154.2 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | — |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | — |  |  |
Interest rate swap adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | — |  |  |
Issuance of share-based awards, net of other activity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | 54.4 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 830.6 |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | $ | (13.0) |  |  | $ | (472.0) |  |  | $ | (183.2) |  |  | $ | 163.8 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS (continued)
(in millions)
(UNAUDITED)
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

|  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Accumulated Deficit |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Quad’s Shareholders’ Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  | 54.3 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 861.3 |  |  | (2.7) |  |  | $ | (56.6) |  |  | $ | (211.4) |  |  | $ | (152.2) |  |  | $ | 442.5 |  |  | $ | 17.7 |  |  |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (22.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (22.5) |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | — |  |  |
Interest rate swap adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.8) |  |  | (2.8) |  |  | — |  |  |
Cash dividends declared ($0.30 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (16.0) |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | — |  |  |
Issuance of share-based awards, net of other activity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30.1) |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 33.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | — |  |  |
Awards redeemed to pay employees’ tax obligations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | 54.3 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 836.2 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | $ | (29.9) |  |  | $ | (249.9) |  |  | $ | (155.3) |  |  | $ | 402.5 |  |  | $ | 17.4 |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14.8) |  |  | — |  |  | (14.8) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | — |  |  |
Interest rate swap adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5.1) |  |  | (5.1) |  |  | — |  |  |
Cash dividends declared ($0.30 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (16.0) |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | — |  |  |
Issuance of share-based awards, net of other activity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | 54.3 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 839.6 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | $ | (30.0) |  |  | $ | (280.7) |  |  | $ | (158.3) |  |  | $ | 372.0 |  |  | $ | 17.5 |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (126.5) |  |  | — |  |  | (126.5) |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8.2) |  |  | (8.2) |  |  | — |  |  |
Interest rate swap adjustments, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | — |  |  |
Cash dividends declared ($0.30 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15.9) |  |  | — |  |  | (15.9) |  |  | — |  |  |
Stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.5 |  |  | — |  |  |
Issuance of share-based awards, net of other activity |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | 54.3 |  |  | $ | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 843.5 |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | $ | (30.4) |  |  | $ | (423.1) |  |  | $ | (168.0) |  |  | $ | 223.4 |  |  | $ | 17.6 |  |  |

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for Quad/Graphics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Quad”) have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations for interim financial information of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, and notes thereto included in the Company’s latest Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020.
The Company is subject to seasonality in its quarterly results as net sales and operating income are higher in the third and fourth quarters of the calendar year as compared to the first and second quarters. The fourth quarter is typically the highest seasonal quarter for cash flows from operating activities due to the reduction of working capital requirements that reach peak levels during the third quarter. Seasonality is driven by increased magazine advertising page counts, retail inserts and catalogs primarily due to back-to-school and holiday-related advertising and promotions. The Company expects this seasonality impact to continue in future years.
The financial information contained herein reflects all adjustments, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. All of these adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, except as otherwise noted. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include estimates and assumptions of management that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Discontinued Operations
The results of operations of the Company’s United States Book business (“Book business”) have been reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented, in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205-20 — Discontinued Operations. The corresponding current and long-term assets and liabilities of the Book business have been classified as held for sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in accordance with ASC 205-20 as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. The financial information pertaining to discontinued operations has been excluded from all relevant notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. See all required disclosures and further information in Note 4, “Discontinued Operations” about the Company’s intent to sell its Book business.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Receivables
On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. This new impairment model, also known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under ASC 326—Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (“ASC 326”), the Company is required to measure expected credit losses for financial instruments, including trade receivables, based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. The Company has adopted ASU 2016-13 using a modified retrospective transition approach and has recorded a cumulative-effect transition adjustment to accumulated deficit to increase the allowance for credit losses balance as of January 1, 2020. See Note 7, “Receivables,” for additional accounting policy and transition disclosures.
Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) Pandemic Impacts and Response
The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and will continue to have, a negative impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations and supply chain, although the full extent is uncertain. The Company implemented cost reduction and cash conservation initiatives in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, including implementing a COVID-19 Temporary Furlough Program through which employees take an unpaid leave of absence – the length of which varies upon business needs; temporary salary reductions for leaders through the end of July, including a 50% salary reduction for the Chief Executive Officer and a 35% salary reduction for named executive officers; a temporary 50% reduction in retainer fees for the Company’s non-employee directors; temporarily suspending use of vacation and vacation payouts through the end of June; temporarily suspending production at several manufacturing facilities where declining client volume or other effects of the pandemic impacted the Company’s ability to operate, all of which have resumed operations by the end of September; suspending quarterly dividend payments until further notice; and delaying capital spending projects. While the Company has resumed production at all of its manufacturing facilities, it also announced the permanent closure of the retail facility in Taunton, Massachusetts, during the second quarter of 2020. The Company also amended its Senior Secured Credit Facility during the second quarter of 2020 to provide for certain financial covenant relief through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021. The Company is continuing to evaluate its cost structure and expects to implement additional cost reduction measures as necessary. As the pandemic continues to rapidly evolve, the extent of the impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations and supply chain will depend on future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 2. Revenue Recognition
Revenue Disaggregation
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by the Company’s operating segments and major products and services offerings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| United States Print and Related Services |  | International |  | Total
Three months ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
Catalog, publications, retail inserts, and directories | $ | 289.8 |  |  | $ | 54.9 |  |  | $ | 344.7 |
Direct mail and other printed products | 134.5 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 147.1 |
Other | 1.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 1.7 |
Total products | 425.6 |  |  | 67.9 |  |  | 493.5 |
Logistics services | 97.9 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 102.1 |
Imaging, marketing services and other services | 83.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 83.7 |
Total services | 181.6 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 185.8 |
Total net sales | $ | 607.2 |  |  | $ | 72.1 |  |  | $ | 679.3 |
Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Catalog, publications, retail inserts, and directories | $ | 468.1 |  |  | $ | 73.4 |  |  | $ | 541.5 |
Direct mail and other printed products | 178.8 |  |  | 19.3 |  |  | 198.1 |
Other | 2.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 2.9 |
Total products | 649.8 |  |  | 92.7 |  |  | 742.5 |
Logistics services | 105.7 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 109.4 |
Imaging, marketing services and other services | 91.5 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 91.7 |
Total services | 197.2 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 201.1 |
Total net sales | $ | 847.0 |  |  | $ | 96.6 |  |  | $ | 943.6 |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Revenue Disaggregation (Continued)

| United States Print and Related Services |  | International |  | Total
Nine months ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
Catalog, publications, retail inserts, and directories | $ | 987.7 |  |  | $ | 163.8 |  |  | $ | 1,151.5 |
Direct mail and other printed products | 391.4 |  |  | 39.3 |  |  | 430.7 |
Other | 3.1 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 4.0 |
Total products | 1,382.2 |  |  | 204.0 |  |  | 1,586.2 |
Logistics services | 249.6 |  |  | 11.9 |  |  | 261.5 |
Imaging, marketing services and other services | 238.5 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 238.6 |
Total services | 488.1 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | 500.1 |
Total net sales | $ | 1,870.3 |  |  | $ | 216.0 |  |  | $ | 2,086.3 |
Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Catalog, publications, retail inserts, and directories | $ | 1,429.1 |  |  | $ | 219.1 |  |  | $ | 1,648.2 |
Direct mail and other printed products | 518.0 |  |  | 65.7 |  |  | 583.7 |
Other | 15.3 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 15.5 |
Total products | 1,962.4 |  |  | 285.0 |  |  | 2,247.4 |
Logistics services | 309.4 |  |  | 12.2 |  |  | 321.6 |
Imaging, marketing services and other services | 284.2 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 284.5 |
Total services | 593.6 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 606.1 |
Total net sales | $ | 2,556.0 |  |  | $ | 297.5 |  |  | $ | 2,853.5 |

Nature of Products and Services
The Company recognizes its products and services revenue based on when the transfer of control passes to the client or when the service is completed and accepted by the client.
The products offering is predominantly comprised of the Company’s print operations which includes retail inserts, publications, catalogs, special interest publications, journals, direct mail, directories, in-store marketing and promotion, packaging, newspapers, custom print products, other commercial and specialty printed products and global paper procurement.
The Company considers its logistic operations as services, which include the delivery of printed material. The Services offering also includes revenues related to the Company’s imaging operations, which include digital content management, photography, color services, page production, marketing services, media planning and placement, facilities management and medical services.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Costs to Obtain Contracts
In accordance with ASC 606 — Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company capitalizes certain sales incentives of the sales compensation packages for costs that are directly attributed to being awarded a client contract or renewal and would not have been incurred had the contract not been obtained. The Company also defers certain contract acquisition costs paid to the client at contract inception. Costs to obtain contracts with a duration of less than one year are expensed as incurred. For all contract costs with contracts over one year, the Company amortizes the costs to obtain contracts on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the contract and reviews quarterly for impair ment. Activity impacting costs to obtain contracts for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was as follows:

| Costs to Obtain Contracts
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 12.7 |
Costs to obtain contracts | 0.6 |
Amortization of costs to obtain contracts | (3.7) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 9.6 |

Note 3. Acquisitions and Strategic Investments
2020 Change of Ownership in Rise Interactive
On June 15, 2020, the Company purchased units of equity in Rise Interactive Media & Analytics, LLC (“Rise”) from a previous holder in the form of a $15.9 million note payable paid in full on October 1, 2020, and $1.0 million cash paid on June 15, 2020. In addition, on June 15, 2020, Rise purchased and retired units of equity from previous holders of Rise for $5.4 million in cash. These transactions result in the Company’s ownership interest to change from 57% to 99%. The Company began consolidating the results of Rise in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements when its equity ownership increased to 57% on March 14, 2018. The portion of Rise’s operating results not owned by the Company of 43% through June 15, 2020 and of 1% after June 15, 2020 is recorded as net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests on the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The portion of net assets not owned by the Company is recorded as noncontrolling interests as of the respective dates shown on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
2019 Acquisition of Periscope
On January 3, 2019, the Company completed the acquisition of Periscope, Inc. (“Periscope”), a creative agency headquartered in Minneapolis, Minnesota, for $121.0 million cash paid. Periscope provides a comprehensive service offering, including media buying and analytics, creative and account management. Periscope also has packaging design and premedia services that complement Quad’s print-production capabilities. The purchase price of $134.0 million includes $9.8 million of acquired cash and non-cash equity incentive awards with a grant date fair value of $3.2 million. Included in the purchase price allocation are $69.8 million of identifiable other intangible assets, which are amortized over their estimated useful lives, ranging from five to six years, and $58.5 million of goodwill, of which $52.7 million is deductible for tax purposes. The final allocation of the purchase price was based on valuations performed to determine the fair value of the net assets as of the acquisition date. The net assets acquired, excluding acquired cash, were classified as Level 3 in the valuation hierarchy (see Note 13, “Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements,” for the definition of Level 3 inputs). Periscope’s operations are included in the United States Print and Related Services segment.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 4. Discontinued Operations
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company made a decision to sell its United States Book business as a part of an ongoing process to review its business portfolio and divest assets not core to the Quad 3.0 transformation. Accordingly, the Company has classified the Book business as a discontinued operation, as required by ASC 205-20 — Discontinued Operations. The Book business primarily consists of three facilities: Versailles, Kentucky; Fairfield, Pennsylvania; and Martinsburg, West Virginia. The Company’s Book business has historically been included within the United States Print and Related Services segment and the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit.
On July 1, 2020, the Company completed the sale of its Versailles, Kentucky book manufacturing plant to CJK Group, Inc., which serves book, magazine, catalog and journal publishers, for $7.0 million in cash and the assumption of approximately $3.0 million in finance lease obligations. Working capital was finalized during the third quarter of 2020. The Company used the proceeds from the sale to reduce debt.
The following table summarizes the results of operations of the Company’s United States Book business, which are included in the loss from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Total net sales | $ | 13.0 |  |  | $ | 57.0 |  |  | $ | 74.6 |  |  | $ | 155.5 |
Total cost of sales, excluding depreciation and amortization | 12.5 |  |  | 60.4 |  |  | 75.6 |  |  | 166.5 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 0.9 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 9.8 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.6 |
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (1) | — |  |  | 90.6 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 90.6 |
Goodwill impairment (2) | — |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 10.1 |
Other expenses, net | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes | (0.5) |  |  | (111.6) |  |  | (17.6) |  |  | (135.2) |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 0.6 |  |  | (32.2) |  |  | (4.0) |  |  | (34.1) |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | (1.1) |  |  | $ | (79.4) |  |  | $ | (13.6) |  |  | $ | (101.1) |

______________________________
(1)The Company recognized $11.5 million of impairment charges for tangible property, plant and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, to reduce the carrying value of the Book business to its fair value, and recognized $1.0 million in employee termination charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Impairment charges recognized to reduce the carrying value of the Book business to its fair value during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, included $85.0 million of impairment charges for tangible property, plant and equipment and $5.6 million of impairment charges for contract assets.
(2)The Book business was included in the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit prior to the decision to sell the Book business. The amount of goodwill allocated to the Book business was determined based on the relative fair value of the Book business and the portion of the reporting unit that would be retained. Due to the decision to sell the Book business, the Company must determine whether any of the assets of the Book business were impaired. Therefore, management performed an interim goodwill test during the third quarter of 2019. Due to the carrying value of the Book business net assets exceeding the estimated fair value, the Company recorded a $10.1 million goodwill impairment charge during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for all periods have not been adjusted to separately disclose cash flows related to discontinued operations. Cash flows related to the Book business during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Cash flows used in operating activities | $ | — |  |  | $ | (8.7) |
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities | 5.4 |  |  | (15.7) |

The following table summarizes the current and long-term assets and liabilities of the discontinued United States Book business that were classified as held for sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Receivables—net | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 19.6 |
Inventories | 2.5 |  |  | 14.0 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 13.1 |  |  | 23.0 |
Current assets of discontinued operations | 20.8 |  |  | 56.6 |
Property, plant and equipment—net | — |  |  | — |
Operating lease right-of-use assets—net | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Other long-term assets | — |  |  | 0.3 |
Long-term assets of discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.5 |
Accounts payable | 2.1 |  |  | 7.0 |
Other current liabilities | 3.3 |  |  | 8.5 |
Current portion of finance lease obligations | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Current portion of operating lease obligations | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | 5.4 |  |  | 15.8 |
Finance lease obligations | — |  |  | — |
Other long-term liabilities | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 5. Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
The Company recorded restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Employee termination charges | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 12.3 |  |  | $ | 25.4 |  |  | $ | 19.9 |
Impairment charges | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 3.6 |
Transaction-related charges | 0.9 |  |  | 46.9 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 51.1 |
Integration costs | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 2.1 |
Other restructuring charges (income) | 5.4 |  |  | (4.5) |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | (3.0) |
Total | $ | 9.8 |  |  | $ | 56.7 |  |  | $ | 49.0 |  |  | $ | 73.7 |

The costs related to these activities have been recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations as restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges. See Note 20, “Segment Information,” for restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges by segment.
Restructuring Charges
The Company began a restructuring program in 2010 related to eliminating excess manufacturing capacity and properly aligning its cost structure and has since announced a total of 47 plant closures through September 30, 2020, including the announced closures of the Charlotte, North Carolina facility during the first quarter of 2020 and the Taunton, Massachusetts retail facility during the second quarter of 2020. The Company classifies the following charges as restructuring:
•Employee termination charges are incurred when the Company reduces its workforce through separation programs and facility consolidations.
•Integration costs are incurred primarily for the integration of acquired companies (see Note 3, “Acquisitions and Strategic Investments,” for descriptions of the Company’s recent acquisitions and strategic investments).
•Other restructuring charges (income) are presented net of the gains on the sale of facilities and businesses, including a gain on the sale of the Midland, Michigan facility during the third quarter of 2020, a gain on the sale of the Shakopee, Minnesota facility during the first quarter of 2020, a gain on the sale of the Franklin, Kentucky facility during the second quarter of 2019 and a gain on the sale of the Hazleton, Pennsylvania facility during the first quarter of 2019. The Company also recognized a $2.9 million loss on the sale of a business during the first quarter of 2020, an $8.6 million gain on the sale of a business during the third quarter of 2019, as well as $2.3 million in charges related to a value-added tax assessment for a closed facility during the second quarter of 2019, which are included within other restructuring activities below. The components of other restructuring charges (income) consisted of the following during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Vacant facility carrying costs and lease exit charges | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |  |  | $ | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |
Equipment and infrastructure removal costs | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Gains on the sale of facilities | (0.8) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | (6.1) |
Other restructuring activities | 3.6 |  |  | (6.6) |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | (2.4) |
Other restructuring charges (income) | $ | 5.4 |  |  | $ | (4.5) |  |  | $ | 16.4 |  |  | $ | (3.0) |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The restructuring charges recorded were based on plans that have been committed to by management and were, in part, based upon management’s best estimates of future events. Changes to the estimates may require future restructuring charges and adjustments to the restructuring liabilities. The Company expects to incur additional restructuring charges related to these and other initiatives.
Impairment Charges
The Company recognized impairment charges of $4.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities. There were no impairment charges recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company recognized impairment charges of $1.5 million and $3.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which consisted of $1.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively, for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities; and $0.3 million of land and building impairment charges during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.
The fair values of the impaired assets were determined by the Company to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy (see Note 13, “Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements,” for the definition of Level 3 inputs) and were estimated based on broker quotes, internal expertise related to current marketplace conditions and estimated future discounted cash flows. These assets were adjusted to their estimated fair values at the time of impairment. If estimated fair values subsequently decline, the carrying values of the assets are adjusted accordingly.
Transaction-Related Charges
The Company incurs transaction-related charges primarily consisting of professional service fees related to business acquisition and divestiture activities. Transaction-related charges of $0.9 million and $1.7 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $46.9 million and $51.1 million were recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Transaction related charges included a $45.0 million reverse termination fee paid during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, in connection with the termination of the definitive agreement pursuant to which Quad would have acquired LSC Communications, Inc. (“LSC”). The transaction-related charges were expense as incurred in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance on business combinations.
Restructuring Reserves
Activity impacting the Company’s restructuring reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was as follows:

| Employee Termination Charges |  | Impairment Charges |  | Transaction-Related Charges |  | Integration Costs |  | Other Restructuring Charges |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 9.9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  | $ | 24.5 |
Expense, net | 25.4 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | 49.0 |
Cash payments, net | (25.4) |  |  | — |  |  | (1.4) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (9.1) |  |  | (37.4) |
Non-cash adjustments/reclassifications and translation | (0.2) |  |  | (4.2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | (6.0) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 9.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19.3 |  |  | $ | 30.1 |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The Company’s restructuring reserves at September 30, 2020, included a short-term and a long-term component. The short-term portion included $22.1 million in other current liabilities (see Note 14, “Other Current and Long-Term Liabilities”) and $1.3 million in accounts payable in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as the Company expects these reserves to be paid within the next twelve months. The long-term portion of $6.7 million is included in other long-term liabilities (see Note 14, “Other Current and Long-Term Liabilities”) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is assigned to specific reporting units and is tested annually for impairment as of October 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value. Due to the decline in the Company’s stock price and the uncertainty and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company and the global economy, an interim goodwill impairment test was completed on the goodwill in the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit during the first quarter of 2020.
Fair value was determined using an equal weighting of both the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, the Company determined fair value based on estimated future cash flows discounted by an estimated weighted-average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk and the rate of return an outside investor would expect to earn. Under the market approach, the Company derived the fair value of the reporting units based on market multiples of comparable publicly-traded companies. This fair value determination was categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy (see Note 13, “Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements,” for the definition of Level 3 inputs).
As a result of the interim goodwill impairment test performed during the first quarter of 2020, the Company determined the fair value of the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit exceeded the carrying value, and therefore no impairment was recorded. No indicators of impairment were identified in any of the Company's reporting units during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
The accumulated goodwill impairment losses and the carrying value of goodwill at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

| United States Print and Related Services |  | International |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill | $ | 881.3 |  |  | $ | 30.0 |  |  | $ | 911.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accumulated goodwill impairment loss | (778.3) |  |  | (30.0) |  |  | (808.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill, net of accumulated goodwill impairment loss | $ | 103.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 103.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Other Intangible Assets
The components of finite-lived intangible assets at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Weighted Average Amortization Period (Years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value |  | Weighted Average Amortization Period (Years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value
Trademarks, patents, licenses and agreements | 6 |  | $ | 68.5 |  |  | $ | (40.5) |  |  | $ | 28.0 |  |  | 6 |  | $ | 68.6 |  |  | $ | (33.6) |  |  | $ | 35.0 |
Capitalized software | 5 |  | 16.9 |  |  | (10.9) |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 5 |  | 16.1 |  |  | (8.5) |  |  | 7.6 |
Acquired Technology | 5 |  | 2.9 |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |
Customer relationships | 6 |  | 561.5 |  |  | (484.7) |  |  | 76.8 |  |  | 6 |  | 562.1 |  |  | (467.5) |  |  | 94.6 |
Total |  |  | $ | 649.8 |  |  | $ | (536.5) |  |  | $ | 113.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 646.8 |  |  | $ | (509.6) |  |  | $ | 137.2 |

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization within other intangible assets—net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, differs from the value originally recorded at acquisition due to impairment charges recorded in prior years and the effects of currency fluctuations since the purchase date.
Other intangible assets are evaluated for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. There were no impairment charges recorded on finite-lived intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $9.6 million and $29.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $10.9 million and $33.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense related to other intangible assets as of September 30, 2020, was as follows:

| Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2020 | $ | 10.2 |
2021 | 31.2 |
2022 | 29.2 |
2023 | 25.4 |
2024 | 14.7 |
2025 and thereafter | 2.6 |
Total | $ | 113.3 |

Note 7. Receivables
The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2020, using a modified retrospective transition approach and has recorded a cumulative-effect transition adjustment to accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2020. The transition adjustment of $6.3 million to accumulated deficit included an $8.4 million increase in the allowance for credit losses, partially offset by a $2.1 million increase in deferred tax benefit. The transition had no impact to the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Prior to granting credit, the Company evaluates each client in an underwriting process, taking into consideration the prospective client’s financial condition, past payment experience, credit bureau information and other financial and qualitative factors that may affect the client’s ability to pay. Specific credit reviews and standard industry credit scoring models are used in performing this evaluation. Clients’ financial condition is continuously monitored as part of the normal course of business. Some of the Company’s clients are highly leveraged or otherwise subject to their own operating and regulatory risks.
Specific client provisions are made when a review of significant outstanding amounts, utilizing information about client creditworthiness, as well as current and future economic trends based on reasonable forecasts, indicates that collection is doubtful. The Company also records a general provision based on the overall risk profile of the receivables and through the assessment of reasonable economic forecasts. The risk profile is assessed on a quarterly basis using various methods, including external resources and credit scoring models. Accounts that are deemed uncollectible are written off when all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted.
The Company has recorded a net credit loss recovery of $0.9 million and credit loss expense of $5.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and credit loss expense of $0.9 million and $2.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Receivables are stated net of allowances for credit losses in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Based on the clients’ account reviews and the continued uncertainty of the global economy, the Company has established an allowance for credit losses of $33.8 million as of September 30, 2020, and $25.0 million as of December 31, 2019.
Activity impacting the allowance for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was as follows:

| Allowance for Credit Losses
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 25.0 |
Transition adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13 | 8.4 |
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 33.4 |
Provisions | 5.1 |
Write-offs | (4.5) |
Translation and other | (0.2) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 33.8 |

Note 8. Inventories
The components of inventories at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Raw materials and manufacturing supplies | $ | 110.3 |  |  | $ | 112.2 |
Work in process | 44.0 |  |  | 41.2 |
Finished goods | 64.0 |  |  | 57.1 |
Total | $ | 218.3 |  |  | $ | 210.5 |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 9. Property, Plant and Equipment
The components of property, plant and equipment at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Land | $ | 97.0 |  |  | $ | 102.5 |
Buildings | 843.0 |  |  | 846.1 |
Machinery and equipment | 3,327.5 |  |  | 3,337.1 |
Other(1) | 179.6 |  |  | 175.7 |
Construction in progress | 30.6 |  |  | 35.0 |
Property, plant and equipment—gross | $ | 4,477.7 |  |  | $ | 4,496.4 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (3,524.1) |  |  | (3,459.9) |
Property, plant and equipment—net | $ | 953.6 |  |  | $ | 1,036.5 |

______________________________
(1)Other consists of computer equipment, vehicles, furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements and communication-related equipment.
The Company recorded impairment charges of $4.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and $1.5 million and $3.6 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, to reduce the carrying amounts of certain property, plant and equipment no longer utilized in production to fair value (see Note 5, “Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges,” for further discussion on impairment charges). There were no impairment charges recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company recognized depreciation expense of $35.2 million and $109.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and $41.3 million and $125.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
Assets Held for Sale from Continuing Operations
The Company assessed whether certain closed facilities and facilities where the Company has received a signed letter of intent to purchase should be classified as held for sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Assets held for sale are carried at the lesser of original cost or fair value, less the estimated costs to sell. Assets held for sale from continuing operations were $4.9 million and $59.3 million as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. The fair values were determined by the Company to be Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy (see Note 13, “Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements,” for the definition of Level 3 inputs) and were estimated based on quoted market prices where available and independent appraisals, as appropriate. Assets held for sale were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 10. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is named as a defendant in various lawsuits in which claims are asserted against the Company in the normal course of business. The liabilities, if any, which ultimately result from such lawsuits are not expected by management to have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Environmental Reserves
The Company is subject to various laws, regulations and government policies relating to health and safety, to the generation, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous substances, and to environmental protection in general. The Company provides for expenses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such amounts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. Such reserves are adjusted as new information develops or as circumstances change. The environmental reserves are not discounted. The Company believes it is in compliance with such laws, regulations and government policies in all material respects. Furthermore, the Company does not anticipate that maintaining compliance with such environmental statutes will have a material impact upon the Company’s condensed consolidated financial position.
Note 11. Debt
The components of long-term debt as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Master note and security agreement | $ | 18.6 |  |  | $ | 70.7 |
Term Loan A | 761.5 |  |  | 768.3 |
Revolving credit facility | — |  |  | — |
Senior unsecured notes | 238.7 |  |  | 243.5 |
International term loans | 11.6 |  |  | 16.5 |
International revolving credit facilities | 0.3 |  |  | 5.7 |
Other | 2.7 |  |  | 3.1 |
Debt issuance costs | (7.5) |  |  | (9.3) |
Total debt | $ | 1,025.9 |  |  | $ | 1,098.5 |
Less: short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt | (56.8) |  |  | (40.0) |
Long-term debt | $ | 969.1 |  |  | $ | 1,058.5 |

Fair Value of Debt
Based upon the interest rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of the Company’s total debt was approximately $1.0 billion and $1.1 billion at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The fair value determination of the Company’s total debt was categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy (see Note 13, “Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements,” for the definition of Level 2 inputs).
Senior Secured Credit Facility Amendment
The Company completed the fourth amendment to the April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility on June 29, 2020. The Senior Secured Credit Facility was amended to (a) provide for certain financial covenant relief through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021 (the “Covenant Relief Period”); (b) reduce the aggregate amount of the existing revolving credit facility from $800.0 million to $500.0 million; (c) make certain adjustments to pricing such as the addition of a 0.75% London
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) floor; and (d) prohibit repurchases of capital stock and payments of cash dividends during the Covenant Relief Period.
Certain amendments were also made to the quarterly financial covenants to which the Company is subject, which are further described below. The Senior Secured Credit Facility remains secured by substantially all of the unencumbered assets of the Company. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also requires the Company to provide additional collateral to the lenders in certain limited circumstances.
Master Note and Security Agreement Tender
The Company redeemed $37.6 million of its senior notes under the Master Note and Security Agreement, at par (the outstanding principal balance as of the date of payment), during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There was no direct gain or loss recognized as a result of the tender as all notes were redeemed at par; however, $0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the tendered notes were recognized as a loss on debt extinguishment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. All tendered senior notes under the Master Note and Security Agreement were canceled. The Company used cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its revolving credit facility to fund the tender. The tender was primarily completed to reallocate debt to the lower interest rate revolving credit facility and thereby reduce interest expense based on current LIBOR rates.
Senior Unsecured Notes Repurchases
The Company repurchased $4.7 million of its outstanding unsecured 7.0% senior notes due May 1, 2022 (the “Senior Unsecured Notes”) in the open market, resulting in a net gain on debt extinguishment of $0.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. All repurchased Senior Unsecured Notes were canceled. The Company used cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its revolving credit facility to fund the repurchases. These repurchases were primarily completed to reallocate debt to the lower interest rate revolving credit facility and thereby reduce interest expense based on current LIBOR rates.
Debt Issuance Costs
Activity impacting the Company’s debt issuance costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was as follows:

| Capitalized Debt Issuance Costs
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 9.3 |
Debt issuance costs from June 29, 2020 debt financing arrangement | 2.6 |
Loss on debt extinguishment from January 31, 2019 debt financing arrangement | (2.3) |
Loss on debt extinguishment from Master Note and Security Tender | (0.2) |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | (1.9) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 7.5 |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Loss on Debt Extinguishment
The loss on debt extinguishment recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was comprised of the following:

| 2020 Loss on Debt Extinguishment
Debt issuance costs from January 31, 2019 debt financing arrangement | $ | 2.3 |
Debt issuance costs from June 29, 2020 debt financing arrangement | 0.1 |
Loss on debt extinguishment from Master Note and Security Tender | 0.2 |
Gain on debt extinguishment from Senior Unsecured Note Repurchases | (0.8) |
Total | $ | 1.8 |

The Company completed the third amendment to the April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility on January 31, 2019, which resulted in a loss on debt extinguishment recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and was comprised of the following:

| 2019 Loss on Debt Extinguishment
Debt issuance costs: |
Debt issuance costs from February 10, 2017 debt financing arrangement | $ | 0.7 |
Debt issuance costs from January 31, 2019 debt financing arrangement | 14.2 |
Debt issuance costs from July 26, 2019 delayed draw Term Loan A funding and retirement of Term Loan B | 0.5 |
Original issue discount: |
Original issue discount from February 10, 2017 debt financing arrangement | 1.0 |
Original issue discount from July 26, 2019 delayed draw Term Loan A funding and retirement of Term Loan B | 14.1 |
Total | $ | 30.5 |

Covenants and Compliance
The Company’s various lending arrangements include certain financial covenants (all financial terms, numbers and ratios are as defined in the Company’s debt agreements, as amended to date). Among these covenants, the Company was required to maintain the following as of September 30, 2020:
•Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness, net of no more than $75.0 million of unrestricted cash, to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed (i) 4.25 to 1.00 for the quarters ending June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, (ii) 4.50 to 1.00 for the quarters ending December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021, (iii) 4.25 to 1.00 for the quarter ending June 30, 2021, and (iv) 4.125 to 1.00 for the quarter ending September 30, 2021 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio was 3.23 to 1.00). After the Covenant Relief Period, the Company will be required to comply with the Total Leverage Ratio covenant, defined as consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA which shall not exceed 3.75 to 1.00.
•If there is any amount outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility or Term Loan A, or if any lender has any revolving credit exposure or Term Loan A credit exposure, the Company is required to maintain the following:
◦Senior Secured Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the Senior Secured Leverage Ratio, defined as consolidated senior secured net indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed 3.50 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Senior Secured Leverage Ratio was 2.39 to 1.00).
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
◦Interest Coverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as consolidated EBITDA to cash consolidated interest expense, shall not be less than 3.00 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Interest Coverage Ratio was 4.88 to 1.00).
The indenture underlying the Senior Unsecured Notes contains various covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to incur and/or guarantee additional debt; pay dividends, repurchase stock or make certain other restricted payments; enter into agreements limiting dividends and certain other restricted payments; prepay, redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; grant liens on assets; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, transfer or dispose of substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets; sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of property and assets; and engage in transactions with affiliates.
In addition to those covenants, the Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes certain limitations on acquisitions, indebtedness, liens, dividends and repurchases of capital stock. The following limitations utilize a Total Net Leverage Ratio calculation, which, on a rolling twelve-month basis, is defined as consolidated net indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio was 3.18 to 1.00).
•If the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.00, the Company is prohibited from making greater than $60.0 million of annual dividend payments, capital stock repurchases and certain other payments. If the Total Net Leverage Ratio is less than 2.75 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions, provided, however, that no such restricted payments shall be made during the Covenant Relief Period. As the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio as of September 30, 2020, was 3.18 to 1.00, and we are in the Covenant Relief Period, the limitations described above are currently applicable.
•If the Company’s Senior Secured Leverage Ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 or the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, the Company is prohibited from voluntarily prepaying any of the Senior Unsecured Notes and from voluntarily prepaying any other unsecured or subordinated indebtedness, with certain exceptions (including any mandatory prepayments on the Senior Unsecured Notes or any other unsecured or subordinated debt). If the senior Secured Leverage Ratio is less than 3.00 to 1.00 and the Total Net Leverage Ratio is less than 3.50 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions. The limitations described above are currently not applicable, as the Company’s Senior Secured Leverage Ratio was 2.39 to 1.00 and the Total Net Leverage Ratio was 3.18 to 1.00, as of September 30, 2020.
Note 12. Income Taxes
The Company records income tax expense (benefit) on an interim basis. The estimated effective income tax rate is adjusted quarterly, and items discrete to a specific quarter are reflected in income tax expense (benefit) for that interim period. Tax allocable to continuing operations is calculated without regard to the tax effects of income and losses allocable to discontinued operations under the incremental approach.
The effective income tax rate for the interim period can differ from the statutory tax rate, as it reflects discrete items, such as changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to the establishment and settlement of income tax exposures and benefits related to share-based compensation.
The Company currently has various open tax audits in multiple jurisdictions. From time to time, the Company will receive tax assessments as part of the process. Based on the information available as of September 30, 2020, the Company has recorded its best estimate of the potential settlements of these audits. Actual results could differ from the estimated amounts.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2020, was $10.7 million, a decrease of $7.1 million from $17.8 million as of December 31, 2019, primarily related to an income tax law change permitting recognition of a previously unrecognized tax benefit from a 2018 tax return filing position. As of September 30, 2020, $9.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits would impact the Company’s effective tax rate, if recognized. The Company anticipates a $0.4 million decrease to its liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months due to the resolution of income tax audits or statute expirations.
On March 27, 2020, the United States government passed into law the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). This legislation includes significant tax provisions and other measures to assist individuals and businesses impacted by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company recognized a $14.7 million discrete tax benefit during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as a result of the CARES Act, related to the provision temporarily increasing the amount of interest expense businesses are allowed to deduct on their income tax returns by increasing the 30% limitation to 50% of adjusted taxable income for 2019 and 2020. In addition, the discrete benefit recorded by the Company includes the estimated benefit of the provision allowing a net operating loss (“NOL”) generated in a tax year beginning in 2018, 2019, or 2020 to be carried back five years, including years when the federal statutory tax rate was 35%. The provision also temporarily removes the taxable income limitation to allow an NOL to fully offset income.
Note 13. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, while other assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of acquisitions or impairment charges. Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. GAAP also classifies the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. There were no recurring Level 3 fair value measurements of assets or liabilities as of September 30, 2020.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company currently holds two interest rate swap contracts. The purpose of entering into the contracts was to reduce the variability of cash flows from interest payments related to a portion of Quad’s variable-rate debt. The interest rate swaps were previously designated as cash flow hedges as they effectively converted the notional value of the Company’s variable rate debt based on one-month LIBOR to a fixed rate, including a spread on underlying debt, and a monthly reset in the variable interest rate. However, the Company amended its Senior Secured Credit Facility during the second quarter of 2020, which added a 0.75% LIBOR floor to the Company’s variable rate debt, changing the critical terms of the hedged instrument. Due to this change in critical terms, the Company has elected to de-designate the swaps as cash flow hedges, resulting in future changes in fair value being recognized in interest expense. The balance of the accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to the interest rate swaps as of June 30, 2020, will be amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining lives of the swap contracts. The Company expects to reclassify $7.1 million of this balance to interest expense over the next twelve months.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The key terms of the interest rate swaps are as follows:

| March 19, 2019 Interest Rate Swap |  | February 7, 2017 Interest Rate Swap
Effective date | March 29, 2019 |  | February 28, 2017
Termination date | March 28, 2024 |  | February 28, 2022
Term | 5 years |  | 5 years
Notional amount | $130.0 |  | $250.0
Fixed swap rate | 2.43% |  | 1.89%

The Company classifies the interest rate swaps as Level 2 because the inputs into the valuation model are observable or can be derived or corroborated utilizing observable market data at commonly quoted intervals. The fair value of the interest rate swaps classified as Level 2 as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

| Balance Sheet Location |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Interest rate swap assets | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swap liabilities | Other long-term liabilities |  | $ | (16.2) |  |  | $ | (6.4) |

Prior to the Company’s de-designation of the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges, the interest rate swaps were considered highly effective, with no amount of ineffectiveness recorded into earnings. The changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps have been included in other comprehensive loss in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss through the first quarter of 2020, and have been recorded as an adjustment to interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the periods thereafter. The cash flows associated with the interest rate swaps have been recognized as an adjustment to interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash Flow Impacts |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest paid (received) | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | 3.7 |  |  | $ | (1.0) |
Impacts with Swaps as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss recognized in other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 12.6 |
Impacts with Swaps as Nonhedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income recognized in interest expense excluded from hedge effectiveness assessments | $ | (1.4) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1.3) |  |  | $ | — |
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense | 1.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | — |
Net interest expense (income) | 1.8 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | (1.0) |
Total impact of swaps to interest expense (income) | $ | 2.2 |  |  | $ | (0.2) |  |  | $ | 4.2 |  |  | $ | (1.0) |

Foreign Exchange Contracts
The Company has operations in countries that have transactions outside their functional currencies and periodically enters into foreign exchange contracts. These contracts are used to hedge the net exposures of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and are designated as either cash flow hedges or fair value hedges. Gains or losses on net foreign currency hedges are intended to offset losses or gains on the underlying net exposures in an effort to reduce the earnings volatility resulting from fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. There were no open foreign currency exchange contracts as of September 30, 2020.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Natural Gas Forward Contracts
The Company periodically enters into natural gas forward purchase contracts to hedge against increases in commodity costs. The Company’s commodity contracts qualified for the exception related to normal purchases and sales during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, as the Company takes delivery in the normal course of business.
Debt
The Company measures fair value on its debt instruments using interest rates available to the Company for borrowings with similar terms and maturities and is categorized as Level 2. See Note 11, “Debt,” for the fair value of the Company’s debt as of September 30, 2020.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
In addition to assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company is required to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of acquisitions or the remeasurement of assets resulting in impairment charges. See Note 3, “Acquisitions and Strategic Investments,” for further discussion on acquisitions. See Note 4, “Discontinued Operations”; Note 5, “Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges”; Note 6, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”; and Note 9, “Property, Plant and Equipment” for further discussion on impairment charges recorded as a result of the remeasurement of certain long-lived assets.
Other Estimated Fair Value Measurements
The Company records the fair value of its forward contracts and pension plan assets on a recurring basis. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, inventories, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their carrying values as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 14. Other Current and Long-Term Liabilities
The components of other current and long-term liabilities as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, were as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Other Current Liabilities |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities |  | Total |  | Other Current Liabilities |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities |  | Total
Employee-related liabilities (1) | $ | 130.5 |  |  | $ | 63.5 |  |  | $ | 194.0 |  |  | $ | 129.4 |  |  | $ | 61.9 |  |  | $ | 191.3 |
Single employer pension plan obligations | 1.8 |  |  | 66.6 |  |  | 68.4 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 77.1 |  |  | 78.9 |
Multiemployer pension plans – withdrawal liability | 3.9 |  |  | 33.1 |  |  | 37.0 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 35.7 |  |  | 44.1 |
Tax-related liabilities | 25.7 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | 30.1 |  |  | 24.6 |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | 35.3 |
Restructuring liabilities | 22.1 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | 28.8 |  |  | 15.8 |  |  | 7.4 |  |  | 23.2 |
Interest and rent liabilities | 8.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 5.1 |
Interest rate swap liabilities | — |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | 6.4 |
Liabilities held for sale from continuing operations (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 17.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 17.9 |
Other | 90.5 |  |  | 16.5 |  |  | 107.0 |  |  | 100.2 |  |  | 21.7 |  |  | 121.9 |
Total | $ | 282.7 |  |  | $ | 207.2 |  |  | $ | 489.9 |  |  | $ | 303.0 |  |  | $ | 221.1 |  |  | $ | 524.1 |

______________________________
(1)Employee-related liabilities consist primarily of payroll, bonus, vacation, health and workers’ compensation.
(2)The Omaha, Nebraska packaging plant was considered held for sale in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2019. The Company completed the sale on January 31, 2020.
Note 15. Employee Retirement Plans
Defined Contribution Plans
The Quad/Graphics, Inc. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) holds profit sharing contributions of Company stock, which are made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. There were no profit sharing contributions during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Pension Plans
The Company assumed various funded and unfunded frozen pension plans for a portion of its full-time employees in the United States as part of the acquisition of World Color Press Inc. (“World Color Press”) in 2010. Benefits are generally based upon years of service and compensation. These plans are funded in conformity with the applicable government regulations. The Company funds at least the minimum amount required for all qualified plans using actuarial cost methods and assumptions acceptable under government regulations.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The components of net pension income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Interest cost | $ | (3.4) |  |  | $ | (4.4) |  |  | $ | (10.2) |  |  | $ | (13.2) |
Expected return on plan assets | 6.1 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 18.2 |  |  | 17.7 |
Net pension income | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | 4.5 |

The Company made $1.2 million in benefit payments to its non-qualified defined benefit pension plans and made $1.3 million in contributions to its qualified defined benefit pension plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Multiemployer Pension Plans (“MEPPs”)
The Company has withdrawn from all significant MEPPs and replaced these union sponsored “promise to pay in the future” defined benefit plans with a Company sponsored “pay as you go” defined contribution plan. The two MEPPs, the Graphic Communications International Union – Employer Retirement Fund (“GCIU”) and the Graphic Communications Conference of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters National Pension Fund (“GCC”), are significantly underfunded, and require the Company to pay a withdrawal liability to fund its pro rata share of the underfunding as of the plan year the full withdrawal was completed. As a result of the decision to withdraw, the Company accrued a withdrawal liability based on information provided by each plan’s trustee. The Company has reserved $37.0 million for the total MEPPs withdrawal liability as of September 30, 2020, of which $33.1 million was recorded in other long-term liabilities and $3.9 million was recorded in other current liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company is scheduled to make payments to the GCIU and GCC until April 2032 and February 2024, respectively. The Company made payments totaling $9.4 million and $7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Note 16. Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Quad Common Shareholders
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders is computed as net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders divided by the basic weighted average common shares outstanding. The calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders includes the effect of any dilutive equity incentive instruments. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding dilutive equity incentive instruments, which requires the Company to compute total proceeds as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise of the award and the amount of unearned stock-based compensation costs attributable to future services.
Equity incentive instruments for which the total employee proceeds from exercise exceed the average fair value of the same equity incentive instrument over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share during periods with net earnings from continuing operations, and accordingly, the Company excludes them from the calculation. Anti-dilutive equity instruments excluded from the computation of diluted net earnings per share were 1.8 million class A common shares for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Due to the net loss incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the assumed exercise of all equity incentive instruments was anti-dilutive and therefore, not included in the diluted loss per share calculation.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Reconciliations of the numerator and the denominator of the basic and diluted per share computations for the Company’s common stock, including the impact of discontinued operations, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, are summarized as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | (47.0) |  |  | $ | (20.9) |  |  | $ | (62.8) |
Less: net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.1) |
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Quad common shareholders | 2.7 |  |  | (47.1) |  |  | (20.7) |  |  | (62.7) |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (1.1) |  |  | (79.4) |  |  | (13.6) |  |  | (101.1) |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | (126.5) |  |  | $ | (34.3) |  |  | $ | (163.8) |
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding for all classes of common shares | 50.7 |  |  | 50.1 |  |  | 50.6 |  |  | 50.0 |
Plus: effect of dilutive equity incentive instruments | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding for all classes of common shares | 51.1 |  |  | 50.1 |  |  | 50.6 |  |  | 50.0 |
Loss per share attributable to Quad common shareholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.94) |  |  | $ | (0.41) |  |  | $ | (1.26) |
Discontinued operations | (0.02) |  |  | (1.58) |  |  | (0.27) |  |  | (2.02) |
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (2.52) |  |  | $ | (0.68) |  |  | $ | (3.28) |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | (0.94) |  |  | $ | (0.41) |  |  | $ | (1.26) |
Discontinued operations | (0.02) |  |  | (1.58) |  |  | (0.27) |  |  | (2.02) |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | 0.03 |  |  | $ | (2.52) |  |  | $ | (0.68) |  |  | $ | (3.28) |
Cash dividends paid per common share for all classes of common shares | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 17. Equity Incentive Programs
The shareholders of the Company approved the Quad/Graphics, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) at the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders held on May 18, 2020, (the “Annual Meeting”) for two complementary purposes: (1) to attract and retain outstanding individuals to serve as directors, officers and employees; and (2) to increase shareholder value. The Company’s previous plan, the Quad/Graphics, Inc. 2010 Omnibus Plan (the “2010 Plan”), was terminated on the date of approval of the 2020 Plan, and no new awards will be granted under the 2010 Plan. All awards that were granted under the 2010 Plan that were outstanding as of May 18, 2020, will remain outstanding and will continue to be governed by the 2010 Plan.
The 2020 Plan provides for an aggregate 3,000,000 shares of class A common stock reserved for issuance, plus shares still available for issuance or re-credited under the 2010 Plan. Awards under the 2020 Plan may consist of incentive awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance share units, shares of class A common stock, restricted stock (“RS”), restricted stock units (“RSU”), deferred stock units (“DSU”) or other stock-based awards as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. Each stock option granted has an exercise price of no less than 100% of the fair market value of the class A common stock on the date of grant. There were 3,507,785 shares of class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan as of September 30, 2020, including 3,000,000 shares of class A common stock that were approved for issuance at the Annual Meeting and 507,785 shares of class A common stock that were remaining and available for issuance that transferred from the 2010 Plan. Authorized unissued shares or treasury shares may be used for issuance under the Company’s equity incentive programs. The Company plans to either use treasury shares of its class A common stock or issue shares of class A common stock to meet the stock requirements of its awards in the future.
The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated grant date fair values for all share-based awards issued to employees and non-employee directors, including stock options, performance shares, performance share units, RS awards, RSU awards and DSU awards. The Company recognizes these compensation costs for only those awards expected to vest, on a straight-line basis over the requisite three to four year service period of the awards, except deferred stock units, which are fully vested and expensed on the grant date. The Company estimated the number of awards expected to vest based, in part, on historical forfeiture rates and also based on management’s expectations of employee turnover within the specific employee groups receiving each type of award. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Equity Incentive Compensation Expense
Equity incentive compensation expense was recorded primarily in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and includes expense (income) recognized for liability awards that are remeasured on a quarterly basis. The total compensation expense recognized related to all equity incentive programs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
RS and RSU equity awards expense | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 7.4 |  |  | $ | 10.9 |
RSU liability awards expense (income) | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.2) |
DSU awards expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.9 |
Total equity incentive compensation expense | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | 8.2 |  |  | $ | 11.6 |

Total future compensation expense related to all equity incentive programs granted as of September 30, 2020, was estimated to be $11.8 million, which consists entirely of expense for RS and RSU awards. Estimated future compensation expense is $2.6 million for the remainder of 2020, $6.7 million for 2021, $2.3 million for 2022 and $0.2 million for 2023.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Stock Options
Options vest over four years, with no vesting in the first year and one-third vesting upon the second, third and fourth anniversary dates. As defined in the individual grant agreements, acceleration of vesting may occur under a change in control, death, disability or normal retirement of the grantee. Options expire no later than the tenth anniversary of the grant date, 24 months after termination for death, 36 months after termination for normal retirement or disability and 90 days after termination of employment for any other reason. Options are not credited with dividend declarations, except for the November 18, 2011 grants. Stock options are only to be granted to employees.
There were no stock options granted, and no compensation expense was recognized related to stock options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. There is no future compensation expense for stock options as of September 30, 2020.
The following table is a summary of the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

| Shares Under Option |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 | 790,237 |  |  | $ | 25.27 |  |  | 1.1 |  | $ | — |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Canceled/forfeited/expired | (236,357) |  |  | 17.78 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2020 | 553,880 |  |  | $ | 28.46 |  |  | 0.7 |  | $ | — |

The intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, was based on the fair value of the stock price. All outstanding options are vested as of September 30, 2020. There were no stock options exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
Restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards consist of shares or the rights to shares of the Company’s class A common stock which are awarded to employees of the Company. The awards are restricted such that they are subject to substantial risk of forfeiture and to restrictions on their sale or other transfer by the employee. RSU awards are typically granted to eligible employees outside of the United States. As defined in the individual grant agreements, acceleration of vesting may occur under a change in control, death, disability or normal retirement of the grantee. Grantees receiving RS awards are able to exercise full voting rights and receive full credit for dividends during the vesting period. All such dividends will be paid to the RS grantee within 45 days of full vesting. Grantees receiving RSU awards are not entitled to vote, but do earn dividends. Upon vesting, RSU awards will be settled either through cash payment equal to the fair market value of the RSU awards on the vesting date or through issuance of the Company’s class A common stock. In general, RS and RSU awards will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, provided the holder of the share is continuously employed by the Company until the vesting date.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The following table is a summary of RS and RSU award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

| Restricted Stock |  | Restricted Stock Units
| Shares |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years) |  | Units |  | Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
Nonvested at December 31, 2019 | 2,623,971 |  |  | $ | 17.82 |  |  | 1.5 |  | 230,621 |  |  | $ | 14.75 |  |  | 1.9
Granted | 1,091,299 |  |  | 4.67 |  |  |  |  | 45,353 |  |  | 4.67 |  |  |
Vested | (550,516) |  |  | 26.84 |  |  |  |  | (25,228) |  |  | 26.88 |  |  |
Forfeited | (169,310) |  |  | 13.68 |  |  |  |  | (1,208) |  |  | 12.32 |  |  |
Nonvested at September 30, 2020 | 2,995,444 |  |  | $ | 11.61 |  |  | 1.6 |  | 249,538 |  |  | $ | 11.70 |  |  | 1.5

In the first quarter of 2019, the Company issued RSU awards in connection with the acquisition of Periscope that are accounted for as liability awards that will vest on March 1, 2022. The awards were recorded at fair value on the initial issuance date and are remeasured to fair value at each reporting period, with the change in fair value being recorded in selling, general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value of the RSU awards classified as liabilities was $0.4 million and was included in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Deferred Stock Units
Deferred stock units are awards of rights to shares of the Company’s class A common stock and are awarded to non-employee directors of the Company. The following table is a summary of DSU award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

| Deferred Stock Units
| Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Outstanding at December 31, 2019 | 314,658 |  |  | $ | 16.22 |
Granted | 204,088 |  |  | 4.67 |
Dividend equivalents granted | 21,145 |  |  | 3.40 |
Settled | (38,930) |  |  | 19.81 |
Outstanding at September 30, 2020 | 500,961 |  |  | $ | 10.69 |

Each DSU award entitles the grantee to receive one share of class A common stock upon the earlier of the separation date of the grantee or the second anniversary of the grant date, but could be subject to acceleration for a change in control, death or disability as defined in the individual DSU grant agreement. Grantees of DSU awards may not exercise voting rights, but are credited with dividend equivalents, and those dividend equivalents will be converted into additional DSU awards based on the closing price of the class A common stock. As DSU awards are fully vested on the grant date, all compensation expense is recognized at the date of grant.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 18. Shareholders’ Equity
The Company has three classes of common stock as follows (share data in millions):

|  |  | Issued Common Stock
| Authorized Shares |  | Outstanding |  | Treasury |  | Total Issued Shares
Class A stock ($0.025 par value) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2020 | 105.0 |  |  | 40.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 40.4 |
December 31, 2019 | 105.0 |  |  | 39.2 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 40.3 |
Class B stock ($0.025 par value) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2020 | 80.0 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.5 |
December 31, 2019 | 80.0 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.5 |
Class C stock ($0.025 par value) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2020 | 20.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |
December 31, 2019 | 20.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |

In accordance with the Articles of Incorporation, each class A common share has one vote per share and each class B and class C common share has ten votes per share on all matters voted upon by the Company’s shareholders. Liquidation rights are the same for all three classes of common stock.
The Company also has 0.5 million shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock authorized, of which none were issued at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019. The Company has no present plans to issue any preferred stock.
On July 30, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s outstanding class A common stock. There were no shares repurchased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, or during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. As of September 30, 2020, there were $100.0 million of authorized repurchases remaining under the program. The Company is currently prohibited from repurchasing capital stock through the Covenant Relief Period, in accordance with the fourth amendment to the April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility, completed on June 29, 2020 (see Note 11. “Debt,” for more details on the amendment and timing of the Covenant Relief Period).
In accordance with the Articles of Incorporation, dividends are paid equally for all three classes of common shares. Due to uncertainty in client demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company’s Board of Directors proactively suspended the Company’s quarterly dividends beginning in the second quarter of 2020, and the Company is currently prohibited from making dividend payments during the Covenant Relief Period. The dividend activity related to the then outstanding shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was as follows:

| Declaration Date |  | Record Date |  | Payment Date |  | Dividend Amount per Share
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Q1 Dividend | February 18, 2020 |  | February 28, 2020 |  | March 9, 2020 |  | $ | 0.15 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Q3 Dividend | July 30, 2019 |  | August 19, 2019 |  | September 6, 2019 |  | 0.30 |
Q2 Dividend | April 30, 2019 |  | May 20, 2019 |  | June 7, 2019 |  | 0.30 |
Q1 Dividend | February 19, 2019 |  | February 25, 2019 |  | March 8, 2019 |  | 0.30 |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 19. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, were as follows:

| Translation Adjustments |  | Interest Rate Swap Adjustments |  | Pension Benefit Plan Adjustments |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | (131.0) |  |  | $ | (4.7) |  |  | $ | (31.5) |  |  | $ | (167.2) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (9.0) |  |  | (8.3) |  |  | — |  |  | (17.3) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss | — |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.3 |
Net other comprehensive loss | (9.0) |  |  | (7.0) |  |  | — |  |  | (16.0) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | (140.0) |  |  | $ | (11.7) |  |  | $ | (31.5) |  |  | $ | (183.2) |

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were as follows:

| Translation Adjustments |  | Interest Rate Swap Adjustments |  | Pension Benefit Plan Adjustments |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (130.0) |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | (25.5) |  |  | $ | (152.2) |
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | (6.4) |  |  | (9.4) |  |  | — |  |  | (15.8) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net other comprehensive loss | (6.4) |  |  | (9.4) |  |  | — |  |  | (15.8) |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | (136.4) |  |  | $ | (6.1) |  |  | $ | (25.5) |  |  | $ | (168.0) |

There were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. The details about the reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to net earnings (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, were as follows:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Consolidated Statements of Operations Presentation
|  | 2020 |  | 2020 |
Amortization of amounts accumulated for interest rate swaps de-designated as cash flow hedges |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | Interest expense
Impact of income taxes |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | Income tax benefit
Amortization of amounts accumulated for interest rate swaps de-designated as cash flow hedges, net of tax |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  |

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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
Note 20. Segment Information
As a worldwide marketing solutions partner dedicated to creating a better way, Quad uses its data-driven, integrated marketing solutions platform to help clients reduce complexity, increase efficiency and enhance marketing spend effectiveness. The Company’s operating and reportable segments are aligned with how the chief operating decision maker of the Company currently manages the business. The Company’s operating and reportable segments, including their product and service offerings, and a “Corporate” category are as follows:
•United States Print and Related Services
•International
•Corporate
United States Print and Related Services
The United States Print and Related Services segment is predominantly comprised of the Company’s United States printing operations and is managed as one integrated platform. This includes retail inserts, publications, catalogs, special interest publications, journals, direct mail, directories, in-store marketing and promotion, packaging, newspapers, custom print products, other commercial and specialty printed products and global paper procurement, together with marketing and other complementary services, including consumer insights, audience targeting, personalization, media planning and placement, process optimization, campaign planning and creation, pre-media production, videography, photography, digital execution, print execution and logistics. This segment also includes the manufacture of ink.
International
The International segment consists of the Company’s printing operations in Europe and Latin America, including operations in England, France, Germany, Poland, Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, as well as investments in printing operations in Brazil and India. This segment provides printed products and marketing and other complementary services consistent with the United States Print and Related Services segment. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has no unrestricted subsidiaries as defined in the Company’s Senior Unsecured Notes indenture.
Corporate
Corporate consists of unallocated general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal and finance, as well as certain expenses and income from frozen employee retirement plans, such as pension benefit plans.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
The following is a summary of segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| Net Sales |  | Operating Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations |  | Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction- Related Charges |  |
| Products |  | Services |  |  |
Three months ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States Print and Related Services | $ | 425.6 |  |  | $ | 181.6 |  |  | $ | 20.0 |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  |
International | 67.9 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | 5.2 |  |  |
Total operating segments | 493.5 |  |  | 185.8 |  |  | 18.3 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |
Corporate | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12.0) |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |
Total | $ | 493.5 |  |  | $ | 185.8 |  |  | $ | 6.3 |  |  | $ | 9.8 |  |  |
Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States Print and Related Services | $ | 649.8 |  |  | $ | 197.2 |  |  | $ | 27.1 |  |  | $ | 7.3 |  |  |
International | 92.7 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |
Total operating segments | 742.5 |  |  | 201.1 |  |  | 29.7 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  |
Corporate | — |  |  | — |  |  | (59.1) |  |  | 46.9 |  |  |
Total | $ | 742.5 |  |  | $ | 201.1 |  |  | $ | (29.4) |  |  | $ | 56.7 |  |  |
Nine months ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States Print and Related Services | $ | 1,382.2 |  |  | $ | 488.1 |  |  | $ | 44.6 |  |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  |
International | 204.0 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | (2.1) |  |  | 9.3 |  |  |
Total operating segments | 1,586.2 |  |  | 500.1 |  |  | 42.5 |  |  | 47.3 |  |  |
Corporate | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34.0) |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |
Total | $ | 1,586.2 |  |  | $ | 500.1 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 49.0 |  |  |
Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States Print and Related Services | $ | 1,962.4 |  |  | $ | 593.6 |  |  | $ | 89.8 |  |  | $ | 15.1 |  |  |
International | 285.0 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  |
Total operating segments | 2,247.4 |  |  | 606.1 |  |  | 94.7 |  |  | 22.6 |  |  |
Corporate | — |  |  | — |  |  | (89.0) |  |  | 51.1 |  |  |
Total | $ | 2,247.4 |  |  | $ | 606.1 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | $ | 73.7 |  |  |

Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, are further described in Note 5, “Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges,” and are included in the operating income (loss) from continuing operations results by segment above.
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QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In millions, except share and per share data and unless otherwise indicated)
A reconciliation of operating income (loss) from continuing operations to loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity as reported in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 6.3 |  |  | $ | (29.4) |  |  | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |
Less: interest expense | 17.9 |  |  | 22.0 |  |  | 52.2 |  |  | 69.6 |
Less: net pension income | (2.7) |  |  | (1.5) |  |  | (8.0) |  |  | (4.5) |
Less: loss on debt extinguishment | — |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 30.5 |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | $ | (8.9) |  |  | $ | (64.5) |  |  | $ | (37.5) |  |  | $ | (89.9) |

Note 21. New Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (“ASU 2020-04”), which provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. ASU 2020-04 permits entities to apply certain expedients and exceptions for contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions impacted by the anticipated transition away from the use of LIBOR or other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. This optional guidance is effective as of March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2020-04 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2019-12 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (“ASU 2019-12”), which enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as tax basis step-up in goodwill obtained in a transaction that is not a business combination, ownership changes in investments, accounting for hybrid tax regimes, interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law and limitation of tax benefit on year-to-date losses. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2019-12 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-14 “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans” (“ASU 2018-14”), which adds, removes and clarifies year-end disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This guidance is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a retrospective adoption approach. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2018-14 on the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 22. Subsequent Events
On October 31, 2020, the Company completed the sale of its Fairfield, Pennsylvania and Martinsburg, West Virginia book manufacturing plants to Berryville Graphics, a division of Bertelsmann Printing Group USA, a media, services and education company. This sale was the final step in the previously announced strategic decision to divest the Company’s Book business to optimize its product portfolio. The Company used the proceeds from the sale to reduce debt.
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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of Quad should be read together with (1) the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, including the notes thereto, included in Item 1, “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q; and (2) the audited consolidated annual financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020.
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is provided as a supplement to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to help provide an understanding of the Company’s financial condition, the changes in the Company’s financial condition and the Company’s results of operations. This discussion and analysis is organized as follows:
•Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.
•Overview. This section includes a general description of the Company’s business and segments, an overview of key performance metrics the Company’s management measures and utilizes to evaluate business performance, and an overview of trends affecting the Company, including management’s actions related to the trends.
•Results of Operations. This section contains an analysis of the Company’s results of operations by comparing the results for (1) the three months ended September 30, 2020, to the three months ended September 30, 2019; and (2) the nine months ended September 30, 2020, to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The comparability of the Company’s results of operations between periods was impacted by the divestiture of the Omaha, Nebraska packaging plant, which was sold on January 31, 2020, and the additional investment in Rise in June 2020. The results of operations of the divestiture are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated results until the date of disposition, and the results of operations of the investment in Rise reflect the Company’s ownership interest from the respective dates of change in ownership. The results of the Company's United States Book business have been reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Forward-looking statements providing a general description of recent and projected industry and Company developments that are important to understanding the Company’s results of operations are included in this section. This section also provides a discussion of EBITDA and EBITDA margin, financial measures that the Company uses to assess the performance of its business that are not prepared in accordance with GAAP.
•Liquidity and Capital Resources. This section provides an analysis of the Company’s capitalization, cash flows, a statement about off-balance sheet arrangements and a discussion of outstanding debt and commitments. Forward-looking statements important to understanding the Company’s financial condition are included in this section. This section also provides a discussion of Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio, non-GAAP financial measures that the Company uses to assess liquidity and capital allocation and deployment.
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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
To the extent any statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain information that is not historical, these statements are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, the objectives, goals, strategies, beliefs, intentions, plans, estimates, prospects, projections and outlook of the Company, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “foresee,” “believe” or “continue” or the negatives of these terms, variations on them and other similar expressions. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond the control of the Company. These risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements. Among risks, uncertainties and other factors that may impact Quad are those described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020, as such were previously supplemented and amended in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on May 6, 2020, and which may further be amended or supplemented in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q (including this report), and the following:
•The negative impacts the coronavirus (COVID-19) has had and will continue to have on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations and supply chain, as well as the global economy in general (including future uncertain impacts);
•The impact of decreasing demand for printed materials and significant overcapacity in a highly competitive environment creates downward pricing pressures and potential under-utilization of assets;
•The impact of digital media and similar technological changes, including digital substitution by consumers;
•The impact of fluctuations in costs (including labor and labor-related costs, energy costs, freight rates and raw materials) and the impact of fluctuations in the availability of raw materials;
•The inability of the Company to reduce costs and improve operating efficiency rapidly enough to meet market conditions;
•The impact of the various restrictive covenants in the Company’s debt facilities on the Company’s ability to operate its business, as well as the uncertain negative impacts COVID-19 may have on the Company’s ability to continue to be in compliance with these restrictive covenants;
•The impact of increased business complexity as a result of the Company’s transformation to a marketing solutions partner;
•The impact negative publicity could have on our business;
•The failure to successfully identify, manage, complete and integrate acquisitions, investment opportunities or other significant transactions, as well as the successful identification and execution of strategic divestitures;
•The failure of clients to perform under contracts or to renew contracts with clients on favorable terms or at all;
•The impact of changing future economic conditions;
•The fragility and decline in overall distribution channels, including newspaper distribution channels;
•The impact of changes in postal rates, service levels or regulations;
•The failure to attract and retain qualified talent across the enterprise;
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•The impact of regulatory matters and legislative developments or changes in laws, including changes in cyber-security, privacy and environmental laws;
•Significant capital expenditures may be needed to maintain the Company’s platforms and processes and to remain technologically and economically competitive;
•The impact of risks associated with the operations outside of the United States, including costs incurred or reputational damage suffered due to improper conduct of its employees, contractors or agents;
•The impact of an other than temporary decline in operating results and enterprise value that could lead to non-cash impairment charges due to the impairment of property, plant and equipment and other intangible
assets; and
•The impact on the holders of Quad’s class A common stock of a limited active market for such shares and the inability to independently elect directors or control decisions due to the voting power of the class B common stock.
Quad cautions that the foregoing list of risks, uncertainties and other factors is not exhaustive, and you should carefully consider the other factors detailed from time to time in Quad’s filings with the SEC and other uncertainties and potential events when reviewing the Company’s forward-looking statements.
Because forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except to the extent required by the federal securities laws, Quad undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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Overview
Business Overview
Quad is a worldwide marketing solutions partner dedicated to creating a better way for its clients through a data-driven, integrated marketing platform that helps reduce complexity, increase efficiency and enhance marketing spend effectiveness. Quad provides its clients with unmatched scale for on-site services and expanded subject expertise in marketing strategy, creative solutions, media deployment (which includes a strong foundation in print) and marketing management services. With a client-centric approach, that drives its expanded offering, combined with leading-edge technology and single-source simplicity, the Company believes it has the resources and knowledge to help a wide variety of clients in multiple vertical industries, including retail, financial/insurance, healthcare, consumer packaged goods, publishing and direct-to-consumer.
Quad believes employee pride, combined with a relentless quest to create a better way, builds the opportunity to invent the future as a preferred marketing solutions partner, helping its clients win every day. To accomplish this vision, Quad remains focused on its consistent strategic priorities as follows:
Walk in the Shoes of Clients
The Company encourages all employees, regardless of job title, to walk in the shoes of clients by putting a priority on listening to clients’ needs and challenges, doing what they can to make it easy to work with Quad, and making the client experience enjoyable at every touchpoint. As part of its transformation, the Company has focused on evolving client print-production conversations to conversations encompassing consultative, enterprise-wide solutions that solve marketing and process challenges, and create more value for clients. To accomplish this, a key component of Quad’s client-facing strategy is to strengthen relationships at higher levels within a client’s organization so the Company can better understand, anticipate and satisfy the organization’s needs. Quad seeks to become an invaluable strategic marketing partner for its clients, helping them successfully navigate today’s constantly evolving media landscape through innovative data-driven solutions, produced and deployed across multiple media channels. The Company also believes its proactive thought leadership in the key issues facing its clients, including data-driven marketing and postal reform, will foster loyalty to the Quad brand.
Grow the Business Profitably
This strategy centers on Quad’s ability to grow its business at a time when significant media disruption and print industry headwinds continue. Key components of this strategy are as follows:
•Transformation as a marketing solutions partner, with an integrated marketing platform that the Company believes creates more value than the traditional agency approach that operates in silos and is focused on profit by individual media channel. The Company calls this transformation Quad 3.0. Quad’s unique integrated marketing platform removes the complexity Quad’s clients face when working with multiple agency partners and vendors, eliminating multiple handoffs that compromise both the strategy of programs as well as the speed at which they are executed. In addition, the Company believes its platform increases client efficiencies through workflow re-engineering, content production and process optimization; and improves their clients’ overall marketing spend effectiveness across all channels through data-driven consumer insights, media planning, and creative and campaign strategy.
•Organic growth, in which the Company leverages knowledge from existing client relationships in key growth vertical industries to develop complementary products and services that help brand owners market more efficiently and effectively across media channels. Quad is also focused on ensuring it has the right talent in the right positions to facilitate strategic marketing conversations with its clients that lead to a better understanding of their needs, developing tailored solutions and growing market share.
•Disciplined investments, that take many different forms. For example, the Company intends to continue to pursue acquisitions that help accelerate Quad 3.0 as well as value-driven industry consolidating acquisitions that meet its disciplined acquisition criteria. In addition, the Company intends to continue making the long-term investments in its talent, such as hiring marketing talent, that will accelerate its transformation as a marketing solutions partner, as well as investments to increase productivity, such as through increased hourly production employees’ wages.
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Strengthen the Core
Quad uses a disciplined return on capital framework and historically has made significant investments in its print manufacturing platform and data management capabilities that have resulted in what it believes is the most integrated, automated, efficient, innovative and modern manufacturing platform and distribution network in the printing industry. The Company’s continued focus to strengthen its core manufacturing platform through investments that streamline, automate and improve efficiencies and throughput, while reducing labor costs, promotes sustainable cash flow and continued value creation. Further, Quad’s disciplined culture of holistic Continuous Improvement and commitment to Lean Manufacturing methodologies is a high priority throughout the Company and supports its goal of strengthening the production and distribution functions for core product lines so that Quad can remain the printing industry’s high-quality, low-cost producer. Quad also strengthens its core print offering through continually enhancing its product portfolio, especially in the direct marketing and packaging space, with innovations that support clients’ ability to stand out in the mailbox or on the store shelf.
Empower Employees
Quad’s strategy to empower employees throughout their career journey builds on key aspects of the Company’s distinct corporate culture, which the Company uses to fuel Quad 3.0. These aspects include strong and lasting Company values and an organization-wide entrepreneurial spirit and opportunity-seeking mentality. Employees are encouraged to take pride and ownership in their work, take advantage of continuous learning programs to advance in their careers and improve leadership skills, share knowledge by mentoring others and innovate solutions to drive performance. With the encouragement to do things differently, to be something greater and to create a better way, the Company believes its employees are more fully engaged in producing better results for clients and advancing the Company’s strategic goals, while supporting community activities, initiatives and organizations that impact the quality of life near Quad’s facilities and where employees work on site at client locations. As Quad continues to expand its integrated marketing platform, the Company believes this creates possibilities for each employee that are advantageously distinct from other employers.
Enhance Financial Strength and Create Shareholder Value
Quad follows a disciplined approach to maintaining and enhancing financial strength to create shareholder value, which is essential given ongoing media disruption and printing industry challenges. This strategy is centered on the Company’s ability to maximize net earnings, Free Cash Flow and operating margins; maintain consistent financial policies to ensure a strong balance sheet, liquidity level and access to capital; and retain the financial flexibility needed to strategically allocate and deploy capital as circumstances change. The priorities for capital allocation and deployment are adjusted based on prevailing circumstances and what the Company thinks is best for shareholder value creation at any particular point in time. Those priorities currently include the following: (1) deleveraging the Company’s balance sheet through debt and pension liability reductions; (2) making compelling investments that drive profitable organic growth and productivity in the Company’s print manufacturing and distribution operations, as well as expansion into higher-growth marketing services that help accelerate Quad 3.0, and pursuing value-driven industry consolidation; and (3) over the long-term, returning capital to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases.
To provide ongoing improvement in manufacturing productivity, the Company applies holistic Continuous Improvement and Lean Manufacturing methodologies to simplify and streamline processes and to ultimately maximize operating margins. These same methodologies are applied to its selling, general and administrative functions to create a truly Lean Enterprise. The Company has been working diligently to lower its cost structure by consolidating its manufacturing platform into its most efficient facilities, as well as realizing purchasing, mailing and logistics efficiencies by centralizing and consolidating print manufacturing volumes and eliminating redundancies in its administrative and corporate operations. Quad believes that its focused efforts to be the high-quality, low-cost producer generates increased Free Cash Flow and allows the Company to maintain a strong balance sheet through debt and pension liability reduction. The Company’s disciplined financial approach also allows it to maintain sufficient liquidity and to reduce refinancing risk, with the nearest significant debt maturity not occurring until May 2022.
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Segments
The Company’s operating and reportable segments are aligned with how the chief operating decision maker of the Company currently manages the business. As a result of the decision to sell the Company’s United States Book business, all United States Print and Related Services segment amounts have been recast to exclude the Book business discontinued operations. The Company’s operating and reportable segments, including their product and service offerings, and a “Corporate” category are summarized below.
•The United States Print and Related Services segment is predominantly comprised of the Company’s United States printing operations and is managed as one integrated platform. This includes retail inserts, publications, catalogs, special interest publications, journals, direct mail, directories, in-store marketing and promotion, packaging, newspapers, custom print products, other commercial and specialty printed products and global paper procurement, together with marketing and other complementary services, including consumer insights, audience targeting, personalization, media planning and placement, process optimization, campaign planning and creation, pre-media production, videography, photography, digital execution, print execution and logistics. This segment also includes the manufacture of ink. The United States Print and Related Services segment accounted for approximately 89% and 90% of the Company’s consolidated net sales during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
•The International segment consists of the Company’s printing operations in Europe and Latin America, including operations in England, France, Germany, Poland, Argentina, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, as well as investments in printing operations in Brazil and India. This segment provides printed products and marketing and other complementary services consistent with the United States Print and Related Services segment. The International segment accounted for approximately 11% and 10% of the Company’s consolidated net sales during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
•Corporate consists of unallocated general and administrative activities and associated expenses including, in part, executive, legal and finance, as well as certain expenses and income from frozen employee retirement plans, such as pension benefit plans.
Key Performance Metrics Overview
The Company’s management believes the ability to generate net sales growth, profit increases and positive cash flow, while maintaining the appropriate level of debt, are key indicators of the successful execution of the Company’s business strategy and will increase shareholder value. The Company uses period-over-period net sales growth, EBITDA, EBITDA margin, net cash provided by operating activities, Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio as metrics to measure operating performance, financial condition and liquidity. EBITDA, EBITDA margin, Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio are non-GAAP financial measures (see the definitions of EBITDA, EBITDA margin and the reconciliation of net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders to EBITDA in the “Results of Operations” section below, and see the definitions of Free Cash Flow and Debt Leverage Ratio, the reconciliation of net cash provided by operating activities to Free Cash Flow, and the calculation of Debt Leverage Ratio in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section below).
Net sales growth. The Company uses period-over-period net sales growth as a key performance metric. The Company’s management assesses net sales growth based on the ability to generate increased net sales through increased sales to existing clients, sales to new clients, sales of new or expanded solutions to existing and new clients and opportunities to expand sales through strategic investments, including acquisitions.
EBITDA and EBITDA margin. The Company uses EBITDA and EBITDA margin as metrics to assess operating performance. The Company’s management assesses EBITDA and EBITDA margin based on the ability to increase revenues while controlling variable expense growth.
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Net cash provided by operating activities. The Company uses net cash provided by operating activities as a metric to assess liquidity. The Company’s management assesses net cash provided by operating activities based on the ability to meet recurring cash obligations while increasing available cash to fund cash restructuring requirements related to cost reduction activities, as well as to fund capital expenditures, debt service requirements, World Color Press single employer pension plan contributions, World Color Press MEPPs withdrawal liabilities, acquisitions and other investments in future growth, shareholder dividends and share repurchases. Net cash provided by operating activities can be significantly impacted by the timing of non-recurring or infrequent receipts or expenditures.
Free Cash Flow. The Company uses Free Cash Flow as a metric to assess liquidity and capital deployment. The Company’s management assesses Free Cash Flow as a measure to quantify cash available for strengthening the balance sheet (debt and pension liability reduction), for strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business (acquisitions and strategic investments) and for returning capital to the shareholders (dividends and share repurchases). The Company’s priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and Free Cash Flow can be significantly impacted by the Company’s restructuring activities and other unusual items.
Debt Leverage Ratio. The Company uses the Debt Leverage Ratio as a metric to assess liquidity and the flexibility of its balance sheet. Consistent with other liquidity metrics, the Company monitors the Debt Leverage Ratio as a measure to determine the appropriate level of debt the Company believes is optimal to operate its business, and accordingly, to quantify debt capacity available for strengthening the balance sheet (debt and pension liability reduction), for strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business (capital expenditures, acquisitions and strategic investments), and for returning capital to the shareholders (dividends and share repurchases). The priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and the Debt Leverage Ratio can be significantly impacted by the amount and timing of large expenditures requiring debt financing, as well as changes in profitability.
The Company remains disciplined with its debt leverage. The Company’s consolidated debt and finance lease obligations decreased $81 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the use of cash proceeds from the sale of the Omaha packaging plant to reduce debt obligations and the redemption of certain of its senior notes under the Master Note and Security Agreement, at par (the outstanding principal balance as of the date of payment). Since the Company completed the World Color Press acquisition in July 2010, the Company has reduced debt and finance lease obligations by $708 million and has reduced the obligations for pension, postretirement and MEPPs by $457 million, for a total obligation reduction since July of 2010 of over $1.1 billion.
The Company believes that a disciplined approach for capital management and a strong balance sheet are critical to be able to invest in profitable growth opportunities and technological advances, thereby providing the highest return for shareholders. Management balances the use of cash between deleveraging the Company’s balance sheet (through reduction in debt and pension obligations), compelling investment opportunities (through capital expenditures, acquisitions and strategic investments) and returns to shareholders (through share repurchases and quarterly dividends). Due to uncertainty in client demand as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company’s Board of Directors made the proactive decision to temporarily suspend the Company’s quarterly dividend. The Company remains committed to paying a dividend over the long-term and will seek to resume the dividend following stabilization of its operating environment and after the Covenant Relief Period.
The Company is subject to seasonality in its quarterly results as net sales and operating income are higher in the third and fourth quarters of the calendar year as compared to the first and second quarters. The fourth quarter is typically the highest seasonal quarter for cash flows from operating activities and Free Cash Flow due to the reduction of working capital requirements that reach peak levels during the third quarter. Seasonality is driven by increased magazine advertising page counts, retail inserts, and catalogs primarily due to back-to-school and holiday-related advertising and promotions. The Company expects this seasonality impact to continue in future years. Due to the uncertainty surrounding the timing and nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company anticipates this seasonality will be further impacted in 2020 and in future periods, as the Company is heavily dependent on consumer demand.
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Overview of Trends Affecting Quad
As consumer media consumption habits change, marketing services providers face increased demand to offer end-to-end marketing services, from strategy and creative through execution, across all media channels. As new marketing and advertising channels emerge, marketing services providers must expand their services beyond traditional channels such as television, newspapers, print publications and radio, to digital channels such as mobile, internet search, internet display and video, to create effective multichannel campaigns for their clients. This trend greatly influences Quad’s ongoing efforts to redefine the future of integrated marketing and create greater value for its clients who are looking for less complexity, greater transparency and accountability from their business partners.
The Company leverages its data-driven print expertise as part of an integrated marketing platform that helps its clients not only plan and produce marketing programs, but also deploy, manage and measure them across all media channels. Competition in the printing industry remains highly fragmented and intense, and the Company believes that there are indicators of heightened competitive pressures. The industry has excess manufacturing capacity created by continued declines in industry volumes which, in turn, has created accelerated downward pricing pressures. In addition, digital delivery of documents and data, including the online distribution and hosting of media content and mobile technologies, offer alternatives to traditional delivery of printed documents. Increasing consumer acceptance of digital delivery of content has resulted in marketers and publishers allocating their marketing and advertising spend across the expanding selection of digital delivery options, which further reduces printing demand and contributes to print industry overcapacity. The Company also faces competition from print management firms, which look to streamline processes and reduce the overall print spend of the Company’s clients, as well as from strategic marketing firms focused on helping businesses integrate multiple channels into their marketing campaigns.
The Company continues to make progress on integrating and streamlining all aspects of its business, thereby lowering its cost structure by consolidating its manufacturing platform into its most efficient facilities, as well as realizing purchasing, mailing and logistics efficiencies by centralizing and consolidating print manufacturing volumes and eliminating redundancies in its administrative and corporate operations. The Company has continued to evolve its manufacturing platform, equipping facilities to be product line agnostic, which enables the Company to maximize equipment utilization. Quad believes that the large plant size of certain of its key printing facilities allows the Company to drive savings in certain product lines (such as publications and catalogs) due to economies of scale and from investments in automation and technology. The Company continues to focus on proactively aligning its cost structure to the realities of the top-line pressures it faces in the printing industry through Lean Manufacturing and sustainable continuous improvement programs. Restructuring actions initiated by the Company beginning in 2010 have resulted in the announcement of 47 plant closures through September 30, 2020.
The Company believes it will continue to drive productivity improvements and sustainable cost reduction initiatives into the future through an engaged workforce and ongoing adoption of the latest manufacturing automation and technology. Through this strategy, the Company believes it can maintain the strongest, most efficient print manufacturing platform to remain a high-quality, low-cost producer.
Integrated distribution with the postal service is an important component of the Company’s business. Any material change in the current service levels provided by the postal service could impact the demand that clients have for print services. The United States Postal Service (“USPS”) continues to experience financial problems. Without increased revenues or action by Congress to reform the USPS’ cost structure, these losses will continue into the future. Because of these financial difficulties, the USPS has come under increased pressure to adjust its postal rates and service levels. Additional price increases may result in clients reducing mail volumes and exploring the use of alternative methods for delivering a larger portion of their products, such as continued diversion to the internet and other alternative media channels to ensure that they stay within their expected postage budgets.
Current federal law limits postal rate increases (outside of an “exigent circumstance”) to the increase in the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”). This cap works to ensure funding stability and predictability for mailers. However, that same federal statute requires the Postal Regulatory Commission (“PRC”) to conduct a review of the overall rate-making structure for the USPS. The PRC proposed a new rate-making structure that would provide the USPS with additional pricing flexibility over the current CPI cap, and which may result in a substantially altered rate structure for mailers. Any newly revised rates that would be effective because of new rules issued by the PRC may include a higher rate cap, or potentially the elimination of a rate cap altogether, which will result in no restrictions on the USPS’ ability to increase rates from year to year. This may lead to price spikes for mailers and may also reduce the incentive for the USPS to continue to take out costs and instead continue to rely on postage to cover the costs of an outdated postal service that does not reflect the industry’s ability or willingness to pay. The result may be
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reduced demand for printed products as clients may move more aggressively into other delivery methods, such as the many digital and mobile options now available to consumers.
The Company’s results of operations have been and continue to be adversely impacted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the Company’s Crisis Management Team, including executive and operations leadership, the Company has been executing business continuity plans focused on protecting the health and well-being of our employees, while also continuing to service clients, and protect the long-term financial health of the Company as the COVID-19 pandemic evolves. As a part of the business continuity plans, the Company implemented cost reduction and cash conservation initiatives, including implementing a COVID-19 Temporary Furlough Program through which employees take an unpaid leave of absence, the length of which varies upon business needs; temporary salary reductions for leaders through the end of July, including a 50% salary reduction for the Chief Executive Officer and a 35% salary reduction for named executive officers; a temporary 50% reduction in retainer fees for the Company’s non-employee directors; temporarily suspending use of vacation and vacation payouts through the end of June; temporarily suspending production at several manufacturing facilities where declining client volume or other effects of the pandemic impacted the Company’s ability to operate, all of which have resumed operations by the end of September; suspending quarterly dividend payments through the Covenant Relief Period; and delaying capital spending projects. While the Company has resumed production at all of its manufacturing facilities, it also announced the permanent closure of the retail facility in Taunton, Massachusetts, during the second quarter of 2020. The Company also amended its Senior Secured Credit Facility to provide for certain financial covenant relief through a Covenant Relief Period. The Company is continuing to evaluate its cost structure and expects to implement additional cost reduction measures as necessary. As the pandemic continues to rapidly evolve, the extent of the impact on the Company’s business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations and supply chain will depend on future developments, all of which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
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Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020, Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Summary Results
The Company’s operating income (loss) from continuing operations, operating margin, net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders (computed using a 25% normalized tax rate for all items subject to tax) and diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Quad common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2020, changed from the three months ended September 30, 2019, as follows (dollars in millions, except margin and per share data):

| Operating Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations |  | Operating Margin |  | Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Quad Common Shareholders |  | Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Quad Common Shareholders
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | $ | (29.4) |  |  | (3.1) | % |  | $ | (126.5) |  |  | $ | (2.52) |
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (1) | 46.9 |  |  | 4.6 | % |  | 35.2 |  |  | 0.70 |
Interest expense (2) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 3.1 |  |  | 0.07 |
Net pension income (3) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.02 |
2019 loss on debt extinguishment (4) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 10.9 |  |  | 0.22 |
Income taxes (5) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 8.3 |  |  | 0.16 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (6) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 78.3 |  |  | 1.56 |
Investments in unconsolidated entity and noncontrolling interests, net of tax (7) | N/A |  | N/A |  | (0.2) |  |  | (0.01) |
Operating income from continuing operations (8) | (11.2) |  |  | (0.6) | % |  | (8.4) |  |  | (0.17) |
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | $ | 6.3 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 0.03 |

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(1)Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $46.9 million ($35.2 million, net of tax), to $9.8 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, and included the following:
a.A $9.0 million decrease in employee termination charges from $12.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, to $3.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020;
b.A $1.5 million decrease in impairment charges from the three months ended September 30, 2019, to the three months ended September 30, 2020;
c.A $46.0 million decrease in transaction-related charges from $46.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, to $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020;
d.A $0.3 million decrease in integration costs from $0.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, to $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020; and
e.An $9.9 million increase in various other restructuring charges from $4.5 million of income during the three months ended September 30, 2019, to $5.4 million of expense during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company expects to incur additional restructuring and integration costs in future reporting periods in connection with eliminating excess manufacturing capacity and properly aligning its cost structure in conjunction with the Company’s acquisitions and strategic investments, and other cost reduction programs.
(2)Interest expense decreased $4.1 million ($3.1 million, net of tax) during the three months ended September 30, 2020, to $17.9 million. This change was due to lower average debt levels and a lower weighted average interest rate on borrowings, partially offset by a $2.4 million increase in interest expense related to the interest rate swaps in the three months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.
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(3)Net pension income increased $1.2 million ($0.9 million, net of tax) during the three months ended September 30, 2020, to $2.7 million. This was due to a $1.0 million decrease from interest cost on pension plan liabilities and a $0.2 million increase from the expected long-term return on pension plan assets.
(4)A $14.6 million loss on debt extinguishment ($10.9 million, net of tax) was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2019, from the retirement of the Term Loan B, completed on July 26, 2019.
(5)The $8.3 million increase in income tax benefit on continuing operations as calculated in the following table is primarily due to a $9.5 million income tax benefit related to the CARES Act net operating loss carry back provisions and a $1.5 million increase in income tax benefit from decreased losses in foreign jurisdictions where the Company does not receive a tax benefit, partially offset by a $2.8 million decrease in income tax benefit from a decrease in the Company’s liability for unrecognized income tax benefits in 2019 that did not repeat in 2020:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | $ | (8.9) |  |  | $ | (64.5) |  |  | $ | 55.6 |
Normalized tax rate | 25.0 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  |
Income tax benefit at normalized tax rate | (2.2) |  |  | (16.1) |  |  | 13.9 |
Income tax benefit from the condensed consolidated statements of operations | (12.0) |  |  | (17.6) |  |  | 5.6 |
Impact of income taxes | $ | 9.8 |  |  | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 8.3 |

(6)The decrease in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $78.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, was primarily due to the following: (1) a $90.6 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (2) a $10.1 million goodwill impairment charge recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2019; (3) a $4.3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization; and (4) an increase in the operating margin due to productivity improvements and cost reduction activities. The decrease in the loss was partially offset by a $32.8 million decrease in income tax benefit.
(7)The decrease from investments in unconsolidated entity and noncontrolling interests, net of tax, of $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020, was primarily related to a $0.3 million increase in loss at the Company’s investment in Plural Industria Gráfica Ltda. (“Plural”), the Company’s Brazilian joint venture, partially offset by a $0.1 million decrease in earnings attributed to noncontrolling interests in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the Company’s majority ownership of Rise.
(8)Operating income from continuing operations, excluding restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges, decreased $11.2 million ($8.4 million, net of tax) primarily due to the following: (1) lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures from excess capacity in the printing industry, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) a $3.4 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets; and (3) a $1.4 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries. These decreases were partially offset by the following: (1) a $24.5 million reduction in selling, general and administrative expenses, including a $4.2 million gain from a property insurance claim; (2) a $7.4 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense; and (3) savings from other cost reduction initiatives.
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Operating Results from Continuing Operations
The following table sets forth certain information from the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations on an absolute dollar basis and as a relative percentage of total net sales for each noted period, together with the relative percentage change in such information between the periods set forth below:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | % of Sales |  | Amount |  | % of Sales |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 493.5 |  |  | 72.6 | % |  | $ | 742.5 |  |  | 78.7 | % |  | $ | (249.0) |  |  | (33.5) | %
Services | 185.8 |  |  | 27.4 | % |  | 201.1 |  |  | 21.3 | % |  | (15.3) |  |  | (7.6) | %
Total net sales | 679.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 943.6 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (264.3) |  |  | (28.0) | %
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | 410.1 |  |  | 60.4 | % |  | 625.3 |  |  | 66.3 | % |  | (215.2) |  |  | (34.4) | %
Services | 133.2 |  |  | 19.6 | % |  | 139.2 |  |  | 14.7 | % |  | (6.0) |  |  | (4.3) | %
Total cost of sales | 543.3 |  |  | 80.0 | % |  | 764.5 |  |  | 81.0 | % |  | (221.2) |  |  | (28.9) | %
Selling, general & administrative expenses | 75.1 |  |  | 11.1 | % |  | 99.6 |  |  | 10.6 | % |  | (24.5) |  |  | (24.6) | %
Depreciation and amortization | 44.8 |  |  | 6.6 | % |  | 52.2 |  |  | 5.5 | % |  | (7.4) |  |  | (14.2) | %
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | 9.8 |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | 56.7 |  |  | 6.0 | % |  | (46.9) |  |  | (82.7) | %
Total operating expenses | 673.0 |  |  | 99.1 | % |  | 973.0 |  |  | 103.1 | % |  | (300.0) |  |  | (30.8) | %
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 6.3 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | $ | (29.4) |  |  | (3.1) | % |  | $ | 35.7 |  |  | (121.4) | %

Net Sales
Product sales decreased $249.0 million, or 33.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $115.1 million decrease in sales in the Company’s print product lines due to ongoing industry volume and pricing pressures, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) a $111.9 million decrease from pass-through paper sales; (3) a $20.0 million decrease in sales due to the divestiture of the Company’s Omaha packaging plant; and (4) $2.0 million in unfavorable foreign exchange impacts.
Service sales, which primarily consist of logistics, distribution, marketing services, imaging and medical services, decreased $15.3 million, or 7.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $7.3 million decrease in logistics sales; (2) a $5.2 million decrease in print imaging services; (3) a $1.4 million decrease in sales of marketing services; and (4) a $1.4 million decrease in sales of QuadMed external medical services.
Cost of Sales
Cost of product sales decreased $215.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) lower print volume; (2) a decrease in pass-through paper costs; (3) the impact from the divestiture of the Omaha packaging plant; and (4) other cost reduction initiatives. These decreases were partially offset by a $3.4 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets and a $1.4 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries.
Cost of service sales decreased $6.0 million, or 4.3%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to lower logistics, print imaging and marketing service sales.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $24.5 million, or 24.6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) an $18.8 million decrease in employee-related costs; (2) a $4.2 million gain from a property insurance claim; (3) a $1.8 million decrease in credit loss expense primarily from a client credit recovery; (4) a $1.1 million increase in foreign translation gains; (5) the receipt of a $0.6 million COVID-19 related government subsidy in Poland; and (6) other cost reduction initiatives. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 11.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 10.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased $7.4 million, or 14.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, due to a $6.1 million decrease in depreciation expense, primarily related to property, plant and equipment becoming fully depreciated over the past year, and a $1.3 million decrease in amortization expense.
Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $46.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change
Employee termination charges | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 12.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (9.0) |
Impairment charges (a) | — |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1.5) |
Transaction-related charges (b) | 0.9 |  |  | 46.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (46.0) |
Integration costs | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |
Other restructuring charges (income) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vacant facility carrying costs and lease exit charges | 2.5 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4 |
Equipment and infrastructure removal costs | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Gains on the sale of facilities | (0.8) |  |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |
Other restructuring activities (c) | 3.6 |  |  | (6.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10.2 |
Other restructuring charges (income) | 5.4 |  |  | (4.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9.9 |
Total restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | $ | 9.8 |  |  | $ | 56.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (46.9) |

______________________________
(a)Includes $1.2 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities during the three months ended September 30, 2019, and $0.3 million of land and building impairment charges during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
(b)Includes a $45.0 million reverse termination fee paid during the three months ended September 30, 2019, in connection with the termination of the definitive agreement pursuant to which Quad would have acquired LSC.
(c)Includes an $8.6 million gain on the sale of a business during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
EBITDA and EBITDA Margin—Consolidated
EBITDA and EBITDA margin for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| Amount |  | % of Net Sales |  | Amount |  | % of Net Sales
| (dollars in millions)
EBITDA and EBITDA margin (non-GAAP) | $ | 52.3 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | $ | (69.9) |  |  | (7.4) | %

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EBITDA increased $122.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $78.3 million decrease in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (2) $46.9 million of decreased restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (3) a $24.5 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, including a $4.2 million gain from a property insurance claim; and (4) savings from other cost reduction initiatives. The increase was partially offset by the following: (1) lower print volume, pricing and print service sales; (2) a $3.4 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets; and (3) a $1.4 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries.
EBITDA is defined as net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders, excluding (1) interest expense, (2) income tax expense (benefit) and (3) depreciation and amortization. EBITDA margin represents EBITDA as a percentage of net sales. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are presented to provide additional information regarding Quad’s performance. Both are important measures by which Quad gauges the profitability and assesses the performance of its business. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be considered alternatives to net earnings (loss) as a measure of operating performance, or to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad’s calculation of EBITDA and EBITDA margin may be different from the calculations used by other companies, and therefore, comparability may be limited.
A reconciliation of EBITDA to net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (dollars in millions)
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders (1) | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | (126.5) |
Interest expense | 17.9 |  |  | 22.0 |
Income tax benefit | (12.0) |  |  | (17.6) |
Depreciation and amortization | 44.8 |  |  | 52.2 |
EBITDA (non-GAAP) | $ | 52.3 |  |  | $ | (69.9) |

______________________________
(1)Net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders included the following:
a.Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $9.8 million and $56.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively;
b.Net pension income of $2.7 million and $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively;
c.Loss on debt extinguishment of $14.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019;
d.Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity of $0.4 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively;
e.Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $1.1 million and $79.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively; and
f.Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
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United States Print and Related Services
The following table summarizes net sales, operating income from continuing operations, operating margin and certain items impacting comparability within the United States Print and Related Services segment:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | Amount |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 425.6 |  |  | $ | 649.8 |  |  | $ | (224.2) |  |  | (34.5) | %
Services | 181.6 |  |  | 197.2 |  |  | (15.6) |  |  | (7.9) | %
Operating income from continuing operations (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges) | 20.0 |  |  | 27.1 |  |  | (7.1) |  |  | (26.2) | %
Operating margin | 3.3 | % |  | 3.2 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 7.3 |  |  | $ | (3.5) |  |  | (47.9) | %

Net Sales
Product sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $224.2 million, or 34.5%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $107.2 million decrease in sales in the Company’s print product lines due to ongoing industry volume and pricing pressures, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) a $97.0 million decrease from pass-through paper sales; and (3) a $20.0 million decrease in sales due to the divestiture of the Company’s Omaha packaging plant.
Service sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $15.6 million, or 7.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $7.8 million decrease in logistics sales; (2) a $5.2 million decrease in print imaging services; (3) a $1.3 million decrease in sales of marketing services; and (4) a $1.3 million decrease in sales of QuadMed external medical services.
Operating Income from Continuing Operations
Operating income from continuing operations for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $7.1 million, or 26.2%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) lower print service sales; (3) a $3.4 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets; and (4) a $1.4 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries. The decrease was partially offset by the following: (1) savings from other cost reduction initiatives; (2) a $4.2 million gain from a property insurance claim; and (3) a $3.5 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges.
Operating margin for the United States Print and Related Services segment increased to 3.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, from 3.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the reasons provided above.
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Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $3.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change
Employee termination charges | $ | 1.5 |  |  | $ | 12.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (10.6) |
Impairment charges (a) | — |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1.1) |
Transaction-related charges | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Integration costs | 0.2 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |
Other restructuring charges (income) (b) | 2.0 |  |  | (6.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8.4 |
Total restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 7.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3.5) |

______________________________
(a)Includes $1.1 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
(b)Includes an $8.6 million gain on the sale of a business during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
International
The following table summarizes net sales, operating income (loss) from continuing operations, operating margin, certain items impacting comparability and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity within the International segment:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | Amount |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 67.9 |  |  | $ | 92.7 |  |  | $ | (24.8) |  |  | (26.8) | %
Services | 4.2 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 7.7 | %
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges) | (1.7) |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | (4.3) |  |  | nm
Operating margin | (2.4) | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | 108.0 | %
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | 0.4 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 300.0 | %

Net Sales
Product sales for the International segment decreased $24.8 million, or 26.8%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $14.9 million decrease in pass-through paper sales; (2) a $7.9 million decrease in volume, primarily in Peru, Europe, Mexico and Colombia; and (3) $2.0 million in unfavorable foreign exchange impacts, primarily in Argentina and Mexico.
Service sales for the International segment increased $0.3 million, or 7.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in logistics sales in Europe, partially offset by a decrease in marketing services sales.
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Operating Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Operating income from continuing operations for the International segment decreased $4.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges and a $2.2 million decrease in operating income, primarily in Peru and Europe, partially offset by the receipt of a $0.6 million COVID-19 related government subsidy in Poland.
Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the International segment decreased $2.7 million, or 108.0%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change
Employee termination charges | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.6 |
Impairment charges (a) | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.4) |
Other restructuring charges (b) | 3.4 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Total restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 2.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.7 |

______________________________
(a)Includes $0.3 million of land and building impairment charges and $0.1 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
(b)Includes $3.0 million in charges from foreign currency losses as a result of the economy in Argentina being classified as highly inflationary during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Company has considered the economy in Argentina to be highly inflationary since June 30, 2018.
Equity in Loss of Unconsolidated Entity
Investments in entities where Quad has the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Company holds a 49% ownership interest in Plural, a commercial printer based in São Paulo, Brazil. The equity in loss of unconsolidated entity in the International segment increased $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, due to an increase in loss at the Company’s investment in Plural.
Unrestricted Subsidiaries
As of September 30, 2020, the Company has no unrestricted subsidiaries as defined in the Senior Unsecured Notes indenture.
Corporate
The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses presented as Corporate:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | Amount |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Operating expenses (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges) | $ | 12.0 |  |  | $ | 59.1 |  |  | $ | (47.1) |  |  | (79.7) | %
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | 0.8 |  |  | 46.9 |  |  | (46.1) |  |  | (98.3) | %

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Operating Expenses
Corporate operating expenses decreased $47.1 million, or 79.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $46.1 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges and a $0.9 million decrease in employee-related costs.
Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Corporate restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $46.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $45.0 million reverse termination fee paid during the three months ended September 30, 2019, in connection with the termination of the definitive agreement pursuant to which Quad would have acquired LSC.
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Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020, Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Summary Results
The Company’s operating income from continuing operations, operating margin, net loss attributable to Quad common shareholders (computed using a 25% normalized tax rate for all items subject to tax) and diluted loss per share attributable to Quad common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, changed from the nine months ended September 30, 2019, as follows (dollars in millions, except margin and per share data):

| Operating Income from Continuing Operations |  | Operating Margin |  | Net Loss Attributable to Quad Common Shareholders |  | Diluted Loss Per Share Attributable to Quad Common Shareholders
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 | $ | 5.7 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | $ | (163.8) |  |  | $ | (3.28) |
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges (1) | 24.7 |  |  | 0.3 | % |  | 18.5 |  |  | 0.38 |
Interest expense (2) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 13.1 |  |  | 0.27 |
Net pension income (3) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 2.6 |  |  | 0.05 |
2020 gain on debt extinguishment (4) | N/A |  | N/A |  | (1.4) |  |  | (0.03) |
2019 loss on debt extinguishment (4) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 22.9 |  |  | 0.46 |
Income taxes (5) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 2.6 |  |  | 0.05 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax (6) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 87.5 |  |  | 1.75 |
Investments in unconsolidated entity and noncontrolling interests, net of tax (7) | N/A |  | N/A |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.01 |
Operating income from continuing operations (8) | (21.9) |  |  | (0.1) | % |  | (16.4) |  |  | (0.34) |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 | $ | 8.5 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | $ | (34.3) |  |  | $ | (0.68) |

______________________________
(1)Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $24.7 million ($18.5 million, net of tax), to $49.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and included the following:
a.A $5.5 million increase in employee termination charges from $19.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $25.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020;
b.A $0.6 million increase in impairment charges from $3.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $4.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020;
c.A $49.4 million decrease in transaction-related charges from $51.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $1.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020;
d.A $0.8 million decrease in integration costs from $2.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $1.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020; and
e.A $19.4 million increase in various other restructuring charges from $3.0 million of income during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $16.4 million of expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The Company expects to incur additional restructuring and integration costs in future reporting periods in connection with eliminating excess manufacturing capacity and properly aligning its cost structure in conjunction with the Company’s acquisitions and strategic investments, and other cost reduction programs.
(2)Interest expense decreased $17.4 million ($13.1 million, net of tax) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, to $52.2 million. This change was due to lower average debt levels and a lower weighted average interest rate on borrowings, partially offset by a $5.2 million increase in interest expense related to the interest rate swaps in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
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(3)Net pension income increased $3.5 million ($2.6 million, net of tax) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, to $8.0 million. This was due to a $3.0 million decrease from interest cost on pension plan liabilities and a $0.5 million increase from the expected long-term return on pension plan assets.
(4)The $1.8 million loss on debt extinguishment ($1.4 million, net of tax) recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, relates to a $2.4 million loss on debt extinguishment from the fourth amendment to the Company’s April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility, completed on June 29, 2020, partially offset by a $0.6 million gain on debt extinguishment recorded during the first quarter of 2020, primarily related to the repurchase of the Company’s unsecured 7.0% senior notes due May 1, 2022. A $30.5 million loss on debt extinguishment ($22.9 million, net of tax) was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and includes $15.9 million relating to the third amendment to the Company’s April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility, completed on January 31, 2019; and $14.6 million relating to the retirement of the Term Loan B, completed on July 26, 2019.
(5)The $2.6 million increase in income tax benefit on continuing operations as calculated in the following table is primarily due to a $14.7 million income tax benefit related to the CARES Act net operating loss carry back provisions. This increase was partially offset by the following: (1) a $5.5 million decreased income tax benefit from equity award activity; (2) a $3.1 million decrease in income tax benefit from a decrease in the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits in 2019 that did not repeat in 2020; (3) a $1.6 million decrease in income tax benefit related to the deductibility of acquisition-related transaction costs in 2019 that did not repeat in 2020; and (4) a $1.4 million decrease in income tax benefit for preliminary 2019 return-to-provision adjustments:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | $ | (37.5) |  |  | $ | (89.9) |  |  | $ | 52.4 |
Normalized tax rate | 25.0 | % |  | 25.0 | % |  |
Income tax benefit at normalized tax rate | (9.4) |  |  | (22.5) |  |  | 13.1 |
Income tax benefit from the condensed consolidated statements of operations | (17.5) |  |  | (28.0) |  |  | 10.5 |
Impact of income taxes | $ | 8.1 |  |  | $ | 5.5 |  |  | $ | 2.6 |

(6)The decrease in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $87.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was primarily due to the following: (1) a $78.1 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (2) an increase in the operating margin due to productivity improvements and cost reduction activities; (3) a $13.6 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense; (4) a $10.1 million goodwill impairment charge recorded in 2019 that did not repeat in 2020. The decrease in the loss was partially offset by a $30.1 million decrease in income tax benefit.
(7)The increase in investments in unconsolidated entity and noncontrolling interests, net of tax, of $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was due to an increase in loss attributed to noncontrolling interests in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations related to the Company’s majority ownership of Rise.
(8)Operating income from continuing operations, excluding restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges, decreased $21.9 million ($16.4 million, net of tax impact) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the following: (1) lower print volume, pricing and print service sales; (2) a $12.8 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries; and (3) a $10.8 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets. These decreases were partially offset by the following: (1) a $52.5 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, including a $3.4 million net benefit in 2020 in gains from property insurance claims and the receipt of a $2.2 million COVID-19 related government subsidy in Poland; (2) a $9.4 million net benefit from a change in the hourly production employee vacation policy; (3) a $6.0 million net reduction in the cost of worker’s compensation claims from improved production safety procedures; and (4) savings from other cost reduction initiatives.
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Operating Results from Continuing Operations
The following table sets forth certain information from the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations on an absolute dollar basis and as a relative percentage of total net sales for each noted period, together with the relative percentage change in such information between the periods set forth below:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | % of Sales |  | Amount |  | % of Sales |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 1,586.2 |  |  | 76.0 | % |  | $ | 2,247.4 |  |  | 78.8 | % |  | $ | (661.2) |  |  | (29.4) | %
Services | 500.1 |  |  | 24.0 | % |  | 606.1 |  |  | 21.2 | % |  | (106.0) |  |  | (17.5) | %
Total net sales | 2,086.3 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 2,853.5 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | (767.2) |  |  | (26.9) | %
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | 1,296.7 |  |  | 62.2 | % |  | 1,896.0 |  |  | 66.4 | % |  | (599.3) |  |  | (31.6) | %
Services | 355.2 |  |  | 17.0 | % |  | 428.3 |  |  | 15.0 | % |  | (73.1) |  |  | (17.1) | %
Total cost of sales | 1,651.9 |  |  | 79.2 | % |  | 2,324.3 |  |  | 81.4 | % |  | (672.4) |  |  | (28.9) | %
Selling, general & administrative expenses | 238.0 |  |  | 11.4 | % |  | 290.5 |  |  | 10.2 | % |  | (52.5) |  |  | (18.1) | %
Depreciation and amortization | 138.9 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | 159.3 |  |  | 5.6 | % |  | (20.4) |  |  | (12.8) | %
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | 49.0 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 73.7 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | (24.7) |  |  | (33.5) | %
Total operating expenses | 2,077.8 |  |  | 99.6 | % |  | 2,847.8 |  |  | 99.8 | % |  | (770.0) |  |  | (27.0) | %
Operating income from continuing operations | $ | 8.5 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | $ | 5.7 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | 49.1 | %

Net Sales
Product sales decreased $661.2 million, or 29.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $306.7 million decrease in sales in the Company’s print product lines due to ongoing industry volume and pricing pressures, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) a $294.7 million decrease from pass-through paper sales; (3) a $50.6 million decrease in sales due to the divestiture of the Company’s Omaha packaging plant; and (4) $9.2 million in unfavorable foreign exchange impacts.
Service sales, which primarily consist of logistics, distribution, marketing services, imaging and medical services, decreased $106.0 million, or 17.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $60.1 million decrease in logistics sales; (2) a $22.9 million decrease of sales of marketing services; (3) an $18.2 million decrease in print imaging services; and (4) a $4.8 million decrease in sales of QuadMed external medical services.
Cost of Sales
Cost of product sales decreased $599.3 million, or 31.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a decrease in pass-through paper costs; (2) lower print volume; (3) the impact from the divestiture of the Omaha packaging plant; (4) a $9.4 million net benefit from a change in the hourly production employee vacation policy; (5) a $6.0 million net reduction in the cost of worker’s compensation claims from improved production safety procedures; and (6) other cost reduction initiatives. These decreases were partially offset by a $12.8 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries and a $10.8 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets.
Cost of service sales decreased $73.1 million, or 17.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to lower logistics, marketing services and print imaging sales.
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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $52.5 million, or 18.1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $53.5 million decrease in employee-related costs; (2) a $3.4 million net benefit in 2020 in gains from property insurance claims; (3) savings from other cost reduction initiatives; and (4) the receipt of a $2.2 million COVID-19 related government subsidy in Poland. These decreases were partially offset by a $4.2 million increase from foreign translation losses and a $2.5 million increase in credit loss expense primarily due to specific client credit reviews. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales increased to 11.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, from 10.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased $20.4 million, or 12.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to a $16.0 million decrease in depreciation expense primarily from property, plant and equipment becoming fully depreciated over the past year, and a $4.4 million decrease in amortization expense.
Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $24.7 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:

|  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change
Employee termination charges |  |  |  |  | $ | 25.4 |  |  | $ | 19.9 |  |  | $ | 5.5 |
Impairment charges (a) |  |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Transaction-related charges |  |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 51.1 |  |  | (49.4) |
Integration costs |  |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | (0.8) |
Other restructuring charges (income) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vacant facility carrying costs and lease exit charges |  |  |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 2.3 |
Equipment and infrastructure removal costs |  |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.9 |
Gains on the sale of facilities (b) |  |  |  |  | (1.6) |  |  | (6.1) |  |  | 4.5 |
Other restructuring activities (c) |  |  |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | (2.4) |  |  | 11.7 |
Other restructuring charges (income) |  |  |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | (3.0) |  |  | 19.4 |
Total restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges |  |  |  |  | $ | 49.0 |  |  | $ | 73.7 |  |  | $ | (24.7) |

______________________________
(a)Includes $4.2 million and $3.3 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.3 million of land and building impairment charges during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
(b)Includes a $0.8 million gain on the sale of the Shakopee, Minnesota facility and a $0.8 million gain on the sale of the Midland, Michigan facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2020; and includes a $3.5 million gain on the sale of the Hazleton, Pennsylvania facility and a $2.5 million gain on the sale of the Franklin, Kentucky facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
(c)Includes a $2.9 million loss on the sale of a business during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and an $8.6 million gain on the sale of a business, net of $2.3 million in charges related to a value-added tax assessment for a closed facility, as well as other restructuring activities, during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
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EBITDA and EBITDA Margin—Consolidated
EBITDA and EBITDA margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| Amount |  | % of Net Sales |  | Amount |  | % of Net Sales
| (dollars in millions)
EBITDA and EBITDA margin (non-GAAP) | $ | 139.3 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | $ | 37.1 |  |  | 1.3 | %

EBITDA increased $102.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) an $87.5 million decrease in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax; (2) a $52.5 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, including a $3.4 million net benefit in 2020 in gains from property insurance claims and the receipt of a $2.2 million COVID-19 related government subsidy in Poland; (3) $24.7 million of decreased restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (4) a $9.4 million net benefit from a change in the hourly production employee vacation policy; (5) a $6.0 million net reduction in the cost of worker’s compensation claims from improved production safety procedures; and (6) savings from other cost reduction initiatives. These increases were partially offset by the following: (1) lower print volume, pricing and print service sales; (2) a $12.8 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries; and (3) a $10.8 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets.
EBITDA is defined as net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders, excluding (1) interest expense, (2) income tax expense (benefit) and (3) depreciation and amortization. EBITDA margin represents EBITDA as a percentage of net sales. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are presented to provide additional information regarding Quad’s performance. Both are important measures by which Quad gauges the profitability and assesses the performance of its business. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures and should not be considered alternatives to net earnings (loss) as a measure of operating performance, or to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad’s calculation of EBITDA and EBITDA margin may be different from the calculations used by other companies, and therefore, comparability may be limited.
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A reconciliation of EBITDA to net loss attributable to Quad common shareholders for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (dollars in millions)
Net loss attributable to Quad common shareholders (1) | $ | (34.3) |  |  | $ | (163.8) |
Interest expense | 52.2 |  |  | 69.6 |
Income tax benefit | (17.5) |  |  | (28.0) |
Depreciation and amortization | 138.9 |  |  | 159.3 |
EBITDA (non-GAAP) | $ | 139.3 |  |  | $ | 37.1 |

______________________________
(1)Net loss attributable to Quad common shareholders included the following:
a.Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges of $49.0 million and $73.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively;
b.Net pension income of $8.0 million and $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively;
c.Loss on debt extinguishment of $1.8 million and $30.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively;
d.Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity of $0.9 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019;
e.Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $13.6 million and $101.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively; and
f.Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
United States Print and Related Services
The following table summarizes net sales, operating income from continuing operations, operating margin and certain items impacting comparability within the United States Print and Related Services segment:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | Amount |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 1,382.2 |  |  | $ | 1,962.4 |  |  | $ | (580.2) |  |  | (29.6) | %
Services | 488.1 |  |  | 593.6 |  |  | (105.5) |  |  | (17.8) | %
Operating income from continuing operations (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges) | 44.6 |  |  | 89.8 |  |  | (45.2) |  |  | (50.3) | %
Operating margin | 2.4 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | $ | 38.0 |  |  | $ | 15.1 |  |  | $ | 22.9 |  |  | 151.7 | %

Net Sales
Product sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $580.2 million, or 29.6%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $277.8 million decrease in sales in the Company’s print product lines due to ongoing industry volume and pricing pressures, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) a $251.8 million decrease from pass-through paper sales; and (3) a $50.6 million decrease in sales due to the divestiture of the Company’s Omaha packaging plant.
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Service sales for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $105.5 million, or 17.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $59.8 million decrease in logistics sales; (2) a $22.7 million decrease of sales of marketing services; (3) an $18.2 million decrease in print imaging services; and (4) a $4.8 million decrease in sales of QuadMed external medical services.
Operating Income from Continuing Operations
Operating income from continuing operations for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased $45.2 million, or 50.3%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) lower print volume and pricing due to ongoing industry pressures, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) a $22.9 million increase in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (3) a $12.8 million decrease in paper byproduct recoveries; (4) a $10.8 million increase in production hourly wages in our most competitive labor markets; and (5) lower print service sales. These decreases were partially offset by the following: (1) a $9.4 million net benefit from a change in the hourly production employee vacation policy; (2) a $6.0 million net reduction in the cost of worker’s compensation claims from improved production safety procedures; (3) a $3.4 million net benefit in 2020 in gains from property insurance claims; and (4) savings from other cost reduction initiatives.
Operating margin for the United States Print and Related Services segment decreased to 2.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to 3.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the reasons provided above.
Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the United States Print and Related Services segment increased $22.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:

|  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change
Employee termination charges |  |  |  |  | $ | 21.9 |  |  | $ | 18.8 |  |  | $ | 3.1 |
Impairment charges (a) |  |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 1.0 |
Transaction-related charges |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Integration costs |  |  |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | (0.8) |
Other restructuring charges (income) (b) |  |  |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | (9.0) |  |  | 19.4 |
Total restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges |  |  |  |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  | $ | 15.1 |  |  | $ | 22.9 |

______________________________
(a)Includes $4.2 million and $3.2 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations, as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
(b)Includes a $2.9 million loss on the sale of a business, net of a $0.8 million gain on the sale of the Shakopee, Minnesota facility and a $0.8 million gain on the sale of the Midland, Michigan facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2020; and includes an $8.6 million gain on the sale of a business, a $3.5 million gain on the sale of the Hazleton, Pennsylvania facility and a $2.5 million gain on the sale of the Franklin, Kentucky facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
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International
The following table summarizes net sales, operating income (loss) from continuing operations, operating margin, certain items impacting comparability and equity in loss of unconsolidated entity within the International segment:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | Amount |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Products | $ | 204.0 |  |  | $ | 285.0 |  |  | $ | (81.0) |  |  | (28.4) | %
Services | 12.0 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | (0.5) |  |  | (4.0) | %
Operating income (loss) from continuing operations (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges) | (2.1) |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | (7.0) |  |  | nm
Operating margin | (1.0) | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 7.5 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |  |  | 24.0 | %
Equity in loss of unconsolidated entity | 0.9 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %

Net Sales
Product sales for the International segment decreased $81.0 million, or 28.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $42.9 million decrease in pass-through paper sales; (2) a $28.9 million decrease in volume, primarily in Europe, Peru and Colombia, including the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic; and (3) $9.2 million in unfavorable foreign exchange impacts, primarily in Argentina, Europe and Mexico.
Service sales for the International segment decreased $0.5 million, or 4.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in logistics and marketing services sales in Europe.
Operating Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
Operating income from continuing operations for the International segment decreased $7.0 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $7.4 million decrease in operating income, primarily in Europe, Peru and Argentina, and a $1.8 million increase in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges, partially offset by the receipt of a $2.2 million COVID-19 related government subsidy in Poland.
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Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges for the International segment increased $1.8 million, or 24.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following:

|  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |
|  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change
Employee termination charges |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | 1.2 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |
Impairment charges (a) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (0.4) |
Other restructuring charges (b) |  |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 0.1 |
Total restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges |  |  |  |  | $ | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 7.5 |  |  | $ | 1.8 |

______________________________
(a)Includes $0.3 million of land and building impairment charges and $0.1 million of impairment charges for machinery and equipment no longer being utilized in production as a result of facility consolidations as well as other capacity reduction restructuring activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
(b)Includes $3.0 million in charges from foreign currency losses as a result of the economy in Argentina being classified as highly inflationary during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Company has considered the economy in Argentina to be highly inflationary since June 30, 2018. Includes $2.3 million in charges related to a value-added tax assessment for a closed facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Equity in Loss of Unconsolidated Entity
Investments in entities where Quad has the ability to exert significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Company holds a 49% ownership interest in Plural, a commercial printer based in São Paulo, Brazil. The equity in loss of unconsolidated entity in the International segment remained consistent for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Unrestricted Subsidiaries
As of September 30, 2020, the Company has no unrestricted subsidiaries as defined in the Senior Unsecured Notes indenture.
Corporate
The following table summarizes unallocated operating expenses presented as Corporate:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  |  |  |
| (dollars in millions) |  |
| Amount |  | Amount |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Operating expenses (including restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges) | $ | 34.0 |  |  | $ | 89.0 |  |  | $ | (55.0) |  |  | (61.8) | %
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | 1.7 |  |  | 51.1 |  |  | (49.4) |  |  | (96.7) | %

Operating Expenses
Corporate operating expenses decreased $55.0 million, or 61.8%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to the following: (1) a $49.4 million decrease in restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (2) a $3.5 million decrease in employee-related costs; and (3) other cost reduction initiatives.
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Restructuring, Impairment and Transaction-Related Charges
Corporate restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges decreased $49.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $45.0 million reverse termination fee paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, in connection with the termination of the definitive agreement pursuant to which Quad would have acquired LSC.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company utilizes cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its credit facilities to satisfy its liquidity and capital requirements. The Company had total liquidity of $557.4 million as of September 30, 2020, which consisted of up to $464.5 million of unused capacity under its revolving credit arrangement, net of $35.5 million of issued letters of credit, and cash and cash equivalents of $92.9 million. Total liquidity is reduced to $402.3 million under the Company’s most restrictive debt covenants, and consists of $92.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and $309.4 million available under its revolving credit arrangement. There were no borrowings under the $500.0 million revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2020, and peak borrowings were $12.5 million and $150.0 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
The Company implemented cost reduction and cash conservation initiatives as previously described herein in response to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business. These actions include, among many others, delaying capital spending projects and temporarily suspending the Company’s quarterly dividend. The Company believes that its cost reduction and cash preservation initiatives, combined with its current liquidity and capital resources, are sufficient to fund ongoing operating requirements and service debt and pension requirements.
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $103.3 million, from $4.1 million provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $107.4 million provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This increase was due to a $68.5 million increase in cash from earnings and a $34.8 million increase in cash flows provided by changes in operating assets and liabilities.
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Net cash provided by investing activities increased $202.8 million, from $195.8 million used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $7.0 million provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to the following: (1) a $119.0 million decrease from cash used in the acquisition of businesses; (2) a $47.8 million decrease in purchases of property, plant and equipment; (3) a $36.0 million increase in proceeds from the sale of businesses; (4) a $5.0 million decrease in loan to an unconsolidated entity; (5) a $4.5 million increase in proceeds from property insurance claims; and (6) a $2.3 million increase in cash provided by other investing activities. These increases were partially offset by a $11.3 million decrease in proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment and a $0.5 million increase in cash paid for cost investments in unconsolidated entities.
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Net cash used in financing activities increased $240.4 million, from $140.5 million provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to $99.9 million used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to a $302.2 million decrease in net borrowings of debt and lease obligations in 2020 as compared to 2019, and a $6.4 million increase in cash used in changes in ownership of noncontrolling interests. These increases were partially offset by the following: (1) a $39.7 million decrease in payments of cash dividends; (2) a $17.5 million decrease in payments of debt issuance costs and financing fees; (3) a $5.6 million decrease in equity awards redeemed to pay employees’ tax obligations, and (4) a $5.4 million decrease in cash used in other financing activities.
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Free Cash Flow
Free Cash Flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities less purchases of property, plant and equipment, plus LSC-related payments.
The Company’s management assesses Free Cash Flow as a measure to quantify cash available for (1) strengthening the balance sheet (debt reduction), (2) strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business (acquisitions and strategic investments) and (3) returning capital to the shareholders (dividends and share repurchases). The priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and Free Cash Flow can be significantly impacted by the Company’s restructuring activities and other unusual items.
Free Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered an alternative to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad’s calculation of Free Cash Flow may be different from similar calculations used by other companies, and therefore, comparability may be limited.
Free Cash Flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 107.4 |  |  | $ | 4.1 |
Less: purchases of property, plant and equipment | (50.7) |  |  | (98.5) |
Plus: LSC-related payments (1) | — |  |  | 59.8 |
Free Cash Flow (Non-GAAP) | $ | 56.7 |  |  | $ | (34.6) |

______________________________
(1)LSC-related payments include transaction-related costs associated with the proposed, but now terminated, acquisition of LSC, including the $45 million reverse termination fee and incremental interest payments associated with the 2019 amended debt refinancing.
Free Cash Flow increased $91.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a $43.5 million increase in net cash provided by operating activities when excluding $59.8 million in LSC-related payments, and a $47.8 million decrease in capital expenditures. See the “Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities” section above for further explanations of the change in operating cash flows and the “Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities” section above for further explanations of the changes in purchases of property, plant and equipment. The above calculation of Free Cash Flow includes the cash flows related to the Book business for all periods presented.
Debt Leverage Ratio
The Debt Leverage Ratio is defined as total debt and finance lease obligations divided by the trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA, comprised of the sum of the following: (1) the last twelve months of EBITDA (see the definition of EBITDA and the reconciliation of net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders to EBITDA in the “Results of Operations” section above); (2) restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges; (3) earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax; (4) net pension income; (5) employee stock ownership plan contribution; (6) (gain) loss on debt extinguishment; (7) equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity; (8) Adjusted EBITDA for unconsolidated equity method investments (calculated in a consistent manner with the calculation for Quad); and (9) net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests.
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The Company uses the Debt Leverage Ratio as a metric to assess liquidity and the flexibility of its balance sheet. Consistent with other liquidity metrics, the Company monitors the Debt Leverage Ratio as a measure to determine the appropriate level of debt the Company believes is optimal to operate its business, and accordingly, to quantify debt capacity available for strengthening the balance sheet through debt and pension liability reduction, for strategic capital allocation and deployment through investments in the business, and for returning capital to the shareholders. The priorities for capital allocation and deployment will change as circumstances dictate for the business, and the Debt Leverage Ratio can be significantly impacted by the amount and timing of large expenditures requiring debt financing, as well as changes in profitability.
The Debt Leverage Ratio is a non-GAAP measure and should not be considered an alternative to cash flows provided by operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Quad’s calculation of the Debt Leverage Ratio may be different from similar calculations used by other companies and, therefore, comparability may be limited.
The Debt Leverage Ratio calculated below differs from the Total Leverage Ratio, the Total Net Leverage Ratio and the Senior Secured Leverage Ratio included in the Company’s debt covenant calculations (see Note 11, “Debt,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on debt covenants). The Total Leverage Ratio included in the Company’s debt covenants includes interest rate swap liabilities, letters of credit and surety bonds as debt, excludes non-cash stock-based compensation expense from EBITDA and includes net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests in EBITDA. The Total Net Leverage Ratio includes and excludes the same adjustments as the Total Leverage Ratio, in addition to netting domestic unrestricted cash with debt. Similarly, the Senior Secured Leverage Ratio includes and excludes the same adjustments as the Total Leverage Ratio, in addition to the exclusion of the outstanding balance of the Senior Unsecured Notes and surety bonds from debt and netting domestic unrestricted cash with debt.
The Debt Leverage Ratio at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, was as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| (dollars in millions)
Total debt and finance lease obligations on the condensed consolidated balance sheets | $ | 1,031.2 |  |  | $ | 1,112.2 |
Divided by: trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) | $ | 291.8 |  |  | $ | 334.9 |
Debt Leverage Ratio (Non-GAAP) | 3.53 | x |  | 3.32 | x
Debt Leverage Ratio—Net Debt (Non-GAAP) (1) | 3.22 | x |  | 3.09 | x

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(1)The Company had $92.9 million and $78.7 million in cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. If all cash had been used to pay down debt, the Net Debt would have been $938.3 million and $1,033.5 million at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively, and the Debt Leverage Ratio would have been 3.22x and 3.09x at September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.
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The calculation of Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, was as follows:

|  |  | Add |  | Subtract |  | Trailing Twelve Months Ended
| Year Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |
| December 31, 2019 (1) |  | September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2020
Net loss attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | (156.3) |  |  | $ | (34.3) |  |  | $ | (163.8) |  |  | $ | (26.8) |
Interest expense | 90.0 |  |  | 52.2 |  |  | 69.6 |  |  | 72.6 |
Income tax benefit | (24.4) |  |  | (17.5) |  |  | (28.0) |  |  | (13.9) |
Depreciation and amortization | 209.5 |  |  | 138.9 |  |  | 159.3 |  |  | 189.1 |
EBITDA (Non-GAAP) | $ | 118.8 |  |  | $ | 139.3 |  |  | $ | 37.1 |  |  | $ | 221.0 |
Restructuring, impairment and transaction-related charges | 89.4 |  |  | 49.0 |  |  | 73.7 |  |  | 64.7 |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | 100.6 |  |  | 13.6 |  |  | 101.1 |  |  | 13.1 |
Net pension income | (6.0) |  |  | (8.0) |  |  | (4.5) |  |  | (9.5) |
Loss on debt extinguishment | 30.5 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 30.5 |  |  | 1.8 |
Other (2) | 1.6 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 0.7 |
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) | $ | 334.9 |  |  | $ | 196.0 |  |  | $ | 239.1 |  |  | $ | 291.8 |

______________________________
(1)Financial information for the year ended December 31, 2019, is included as reported in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020.
(2)Other is comprised of equity in (earnings) loss of unconsolidated entity, Adjusted EBITDA for unconsolidated equity method investments and net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests.
The Debt Leverage Ratio, net of cash, at September 30, 2020, increased 0.13x, compared to December 31, 2019, primarily due to a $43.1 million reduction in trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA, partially offset by a $95.2 million decrease in debt and finance lease obligations, net of cash. The Debt Leverage Ratio, net of cash, at September 30, 2020, is above management’s desired target Debt Leverage Ratio range of 2.0x to 2.5x; however, the Company expects to operate above the Debt Leverage Ratio target range due to the ongoing impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company will also operate at times above the Debt Leverage Ratio target range depending on the timing of compelling strategic investment opportunities, as well as seasonal working capital needs.
Debt Obligations
Senior Secured Credit Facility Amendment
The Company completed the fourth amendment to the April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility on June 29, 2020. The Senior Secured Credit Facility was amended to (a) provide for certain financial covenant relief through the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021 (the “Covenant Relief Period”); (b) reduce the aggregate amount of the existing revolving credit facility from $800.0 million to $500.0 million; (c) make certain adjustments to pricing such as the addition of a 0.75% London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) floor; and (d) prohibit repurchases of capital stock and payments of cash dividends during the Covenant Relief Period.
Certain amendments were also made to the quarterly financial covenants to which the Company is subject, which are further described below. The Senior Secured Credit Facility remains secured by substantially all of the unencumbered assets of the Company. The Senior Secured Credit Facility also requires the Company to provide additional collateral to the lenders in certain limited circumstances.
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Master Note and Security Agreement Tender
The Company redeemed $37.6 million of its senior notes under its Master Note and Security Agreement, at par (the outstanding principal balance as of the date of payment), during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There was no direct gain or loss recognized as a result of the tender as all notes were redeemed at par; however, $0.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs related to the tendered notes were recognized as a loss on debt extinguishment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. All tendered senior notes under the Master Note and Security Agreement were canceled. The Company used cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its revolving credit facility to fund the tender. The tender was primarily completed to reallocate debt to the lower interest rate revolving credit facility and thereby reduce interest expense based on current LIBOR rates.
Senior Unsecured Notes Repurchases
The Company repurchased $4.7 million of its outstanding unsecured 7.0% senior notes due May 1, 2022 (the “Senior Unsecured Notes”) in the open market, resulting in a net gain on debt extinguishment of $0.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. All repurchased Senior Unsecured Notes were canceled. The Company used cash flows from operating activities and borrowings under its revolving credit facility to fund the repurchases. These repurchases were primarily completed to reallocate debt to the lower interest rate revolving credit facility and thereby reduce interest expense based on current LIBOR rates.
As of September 30, 2020, the Company utilized a combination of debt instruments to fund cash requirements, including the following:
•Senior Secured Credit Facility:
◦Revolving credit facility (none outstanding as of September 30, 2020); and
◦Term Loan A ($761.5 million outstanding as of September 30, 2020);
•Senior Unsecured Notes ($238.7 million outstanding as of September 30, 2020); and
•Master Note and Security Agreement ($18.6 million outstanding as of September 30, 2020).
Covenants and Compliance
The Company’s various lending arrangements include certain financial covenants (all financial terms, numbers and ratios are as defined in the Company’s debt agreements, as amended to date). Among these covenants, the Company was required to maintain the following as of September 30, 2020:
•Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio, defined as consolidated total indebtedness, net of no more than $75.0 million of unrestricted cash, to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed (i) 4.25 to 1.00 for the quarters ending June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2020, (ii) 4.50 to 1.00 for the quarters ending December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2021, (iii) 4.25 to 1.00 for the quarter ending June 30, 2021, and (iv) 4.125 to 1.00 for the quarter ending September 30, 2021 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Maximum Total Net Leverage Ratio was 3.23 to 1.00). After the Covenant Relief Period, the Company will be required to comply with the Total Leverage Ratio covenant, defined as consolidated total indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA which shall not exceed 3.75 to 1.00.
•If there is any amount outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility or Term Loan A, or if any lender has any revolving credit exposure or Term Loan A credit exposure, the Company is required to maintain the following:
◦Senior Secured Leverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the Senior Secured Leverage Ratio, defined as consolidated senior secured net indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA, shall not exceed 3.50 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Senior Secured Leverage Ratio was 2.39 to 1.00).
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◦Interest Coverage Ratio. On a rolling twelve-month basis, the Interest Coverage Ratio, defined as consolidated EBITDA to cash consolidated interest expense, shall not be less than 3.00 to 1.00 (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Interest Coverage Ratio was 4.88 to 1.00).
The indenture underlying the Senior Unsecured Notes contains various covenants, including, but not limited to, covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit the Company’s and its restricted subsidiaries’ ability to incur and/or guarantee additional debt; pay dividends, repurchase stock or make certain other restricted payments; enter into agreements limiting dividends and certain other restricted payments; prepay, redeem or repurchase subordinated debt; grant liens on assets; enter into sale and leaseback transactions; merge, consolidate, transfer or dispose of substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets; sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of property and assets; and engage in transactions with affiliates.
The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants in its debt agreements as of September 30, 2020. While the Company currently expects to be in compliance in future periods with all of the financial covenants, there can be no assurance that these covenants will continue to be met. The Company’s failure to maintain compliance with the covenants could prevent the Company from borrowing additional amounts and could result in a default under any of the debt agreements. Such default could cause the outstanding indebtedness to become immediately due and payable, by virtue of cross-acceleration or cross-default provisions.
In addition to those covenants, the Senior Secured Credit Facility also includes certain limitations on acquisitions, indebtedness, liens, dividends and repurchases of capital stock. The following limitations utilize a Total Net Leverage Ratio calculation, which, on a rolling twelve-month basis, is defined as consolidated net indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA (for the twelve months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio was 3.18 to 1.00).
•If the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.00, the Company is prohibited from making greater than $60.0 million of annual dividend payments, capital stock repurchases and certain other payments. If the Total Net Leverage Ratio is less than 2.75 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions, provided, however, that no such restricted payments shall be made during the Covenant Relief Period. As the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio as of September 30, 2020, was 3.18 to 1.00, and we are in the Covenant Relief Period, the limitations described above are currently applicable.
•If the Company’s Senior Secured Leverage Ratio is greater than 3.00 to 1.00 or the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio is greater than 3.50 to 1.00, the Company is prohibited from voluntarily prepaying any of the Senior Unsecured Notes and from voluntarily prepaying any other unsecured or subordinated indebtedness, with certain exceptions (including any mandatory prepayments on the Senior Unsecured Notes or any other unsecured or subordinated debt). If the Senior Secured Leverage Ratio is less than 3.00 to 1.00 and the Total Net Leverage Ratio is less than 3.50 to 1.00, there are no such restrictions. The limitations described above are currently not applicable, as the Company’s Senior Secured Leverage Ratio was 2.39 to 1.00 and Total Net Leverage Ratio was 3.18 to 1.00, as of September 30, 2020.
Risk Management
For a discussion of the Company’s exposure to market risks and management of those market risks, see Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements have not changed materially from that listed in the “Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments” table and related notes to the table listed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 19, 2020.
Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s most critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of its financial condition and results of operations, and which require the Company to make its most difficult and subjective estimates. Management is required to make judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
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at the date of the statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The Company’s management believes that such judgments and estimates are made with consistent and appropriate methods based on information available at the time, and that any reasonable deviation from those judgments and estimates would not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. To the extent that the estimates used differ from actual results, adjustments to the consolidated statements of operations and corresponding consolidated balance sheets would be necessary. These adjustments would be made in future statements.
The Company has identified the following updates to its critical accounting policies and estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Impairment of Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination and is assigned to specific reporting units. Changes in management’s estimates or judgments, including changes based on actual results differing from the estimates and judgments used in the purchase price allocation process, could result in an impairment charge, and such a charge could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations. In accordance with accounting guidance, the Company performs an annual impairment test for goodwill as of October 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value.
Due to the decline in the Company’s stock price and the uncertainty and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company performed an interim assessment of the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment during the first quarter of 2020. The fair value of the reporting unit was estimated using both an income valuation model (discounted cash flow) and a market approach.
Within the United States Print and Related Services Segment, the Company has identified three reporting units: (1) Core Print and Related Services; (2) Specialty Print and Related Services; and (3) Other United States Products and Services. As of September 30, 2020, goodwill totaled $103.0 million and was allocated to the Core Print and Related Services. The Specialty Print and Related Services reporting unit and the Other United States Products and Services reporting unit have no goodwill allocated to them. Additionally, there is no goodwill in the International segment on the consolidated balance sheets.
In determining the fair value of the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit as of March 31, 2020, the Company used an equal weighting of both the income and market approaches. Significant assumptions used under the income approach included: estimated future cash flows including expected future revenue growth, profit margins, capital expenditures, working capital levels, terminal value multiples and a 10.2% after-tax weighted average cost of capital for the Core Print and Related Services. Estimated future cash flows were based on the Company's internal projection models, industry projections and other assumptions deemed reasonable by management. Significant assumptions used under the market approach included: a control premium based on similar transactions, selection of the guideline public companies and selected market multiples. This fair value determination was categorized as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy (see Note 13, “Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1, “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-K for the definition of Level 3 inputs).
After completing the interim evaluation, the estimated fair value of the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit in the United States Print and Related Services segment was determined to exceed the carrying value of the reporting unit. In addition, the Company performed a sensitivity analysis as of March 31, 2020, on the material assumptions used in the discounted cash flow valuation models. In performing the interim goodwill impairment assessment, the percentage by which estimated fair value exceeded carrying value in the Core Print and Related Services reporting unit was more than 20%. As such, management concluded that no impairment existed as of March 31, 2020, the date of the interim assessment.
No indicators of impairment were identified in any of the Company’s reporting units during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
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New Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 21, “New Accounting Pronouncements,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Summarized Financial Information of Subsidiary Guarantors Indebtedness
On April 28, 2014, Quad completed an offering of the Senior Unsecured Notes (see Note 11, “Debt,” for further details on the Senior Unsecured Notes). Each of the Company’s existing and future domestic subsidiaries that is a borrower or guarantees indebtedness under the Company’s Senior Secured Credit Facility or that guarantees certain of the Company’s other indebtedness or indebtedness of the Company’s restricted subsidiaries (other than intercompany indebtedness) fully and unconditionally guarantee or, in the case of future subsidiaries, will guarantee, on a joint and several basis, the Senior Unsecured Notes (the “Guarantor Subsidiaries”). All of the current Guarantor Subsidiaries are 100% owned by the Company. Guarantor Subsidiaries will be automatically released from these guarantees upon the occurrence of certain events, including the following:
•the designation of any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries as an unrestricted subsidiary;
•the release or discharge of any guarantee or indebtedness that resulted in the creation of the guarantee of the Senior Unsecured Notes by any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries; or
•the sale or disposition, including the sale of substantially all the assets, of any of the Guarantor Subsidiaries.
The following tables present summarized financial information for Quad and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis after intercompany transactions have been eliminated, including adjustments to remove the equity in earnings from the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, six Non-Guarantor subsidiaries of the Company became Guarantor subsidiaries. Accordingly, the material supplemental financial information for all periods presented below has been recast to reflect subsidiaries per the Senior Unsecured Notes agreement that were Guarantor Subsidiaries as of September 30, 2020.
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| Nine Months Ended |  | Year Ended
Statement of Operations Financial Information | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Net sales | $ | 1,897.2 |  |  | $ | 3,580.2 |
Cost of sales | 1,496.9 |  |  | 2,906.8 |
Gross Profit | 400.3 |  |  | 673.4 |
Net earnings (loss) from continuing operations | (19.0) |  |  | (62.0) |
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (13.6) |  |  | (100.6) |
Net earnings (loss) | (32.6) |  |  | (162.6) |
Less: net earnings (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (0.2) |  |  | — |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Quad common shareholders | $ | (32.4) |  |  | $ | (162.6) |
Balance Sheet Financial Information | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Total current assets | $ | 653.8 |  |  | $ | 794.9 |
Total long-term assets | 1,659.7 |  |  | 1,911.2 |
Total current liabilities | 629.9 |  |  | 729.8 |
Total long-term liabilities | 1,221.6 |  |  | 1,335.7 |
Noncontrolling interests | 0.7 |  |  | 17.7 |

Included in long-term assets in the table above are $12.8 million and $12.5 million of current intercompany loan receivables due to Quad from the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively. Also included in long-term assets are $428.5 million and $427.9 million of intercompany investments by Quad and the Guarantor Subsidiaries in the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries. Included in current liabilities are $13.7 million and $16.3 million of current intercompany payables due to the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries from Quad and the Guarantor Subsidiaries as of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, respectively.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The Company is exposed to a variety of market risks which may adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition, including changes in interest and foreign currency exchange rates, changes in the economic environment that would impact credit positions and changes in the prices of certain commodities. The Company’s management takes an active role in the risk management process and has developed policies and procedures that require specific administrative and business functions to assist in the identification, assessment and control of various risks. These risk management strategies may not fully insulate the Company from adverse impacts due to market risks.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on variable rate debt obligations and price risk on fixed rate debt and finance leases. The variable rate debt outstanding at September 30, 2020, was primarily comprised of $761.5 million outstanding on the Term Loan A. In order to reduce the variability of cash flows from interest payments related to a portion of Quad’s variable-rate debt, the Company entered into a $250.0 million interest rate swap in February 2017 and a $130.0 million interest rate swap in March 2019, and has classified $380.0 million of the Company’s variable rate debt as fixed rate debt. Including the impact of the $380.0 million interest rate swap of variable rate to fixed rate debt, Quad had variable rate debt outstanding of $377.0 million at a current weighted average interest rate of 3.5% and fixed rate debt and finance leases outstanding of $654.2 million at a current weighted average interest rate of 5.5% as of September 30, 2020. A hypothetical 10% increase in the market interest rates impacting the Company’s current weighted average interest rate on variable rate debt obligations would not have a material impact on the Company’s interest expense. A hypothetical 10% change in market interest rates would change the fair value of fixed rate debt at September 30, 2020, by approximately $4 million.
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Foreign Currency Risk and Translation Exposure
The Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in certain countries in which it operates. The exposure to foreign currency movements is limited in most countries because the operating revenues and expenses of its various subsidiaries and business units are substantially in the local currency of the country in which they operate. To the extent revenues and expenses are not in the applicable local currency, the Company may enter into foreign exchange forward contracts to hedge the currency risk.
Although operating in local currencies may limit the impact of currency rate fluctuations on the results of operations of the Company’s non-United States subsidiaries and business units, rate fluctuations may impact the consolidated financial position as the assets and liabilities of its foreign operations are translated into United States dollars in preparing the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2020, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries (excluding Argentina due to the economy’s status as highly inflationary) had net current assets (defined as current assets less current liabilities) subject to foreign currency translation risk of $35.1 million. The potential decrease in net current assets as of September 30, 2020, from a hypothetical 10% adverse change in quoted foreign currency exchange rates, would be approximately $3.5 million. This sensitivity analysis assumes a parallel shift in all major foreign currency exchange rates versus the United States dollar. Exchange rates rarely move in the same direction relative to the United States dollar due to positive and negative correlations of the various global currencies. This assumption may overstate or understate the impact of changing exchange rates on individual assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency.
The Company’s hedging operations have historically not been material, and gains or losses from these operations have not been material to the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
These international operations are subject to risks typical of international operations, including, but not limited to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, potential restrictions on the movement of funds, differing tax structures, and other regulations and restrictions. Accordingly, future results could be adversely impacted by changes in these or other factors.
The Company has considered the economy in Argentina to be highly inflationary, effective June 30, 2018. In accordance with ASC 830 — Foreign Currency Matters, a highly inflationary economy is one that has experienced cumulative inflation of approximately 100 percent or more over a three-year period. An entity is required to apply the revised accounting guidance in the reporting period following when the economy was deemed to be highly inflationary. As a result of this classification, the functional currency of the Company’s Argentina Subsidiaries was changed from the local currency to the United States Dollar, beginning July 1, 2018, and impacts from the change in the value of the local currency for monetary assets and liabilities is now reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The total impact from foreign currency losses was $3.0 million and $4.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The Company’s operations in Argentina represented less than 2.0% of total consolidated assets as of September 30, 2020, and less than 2.0% of total consolidated net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the possibility of loss from a client’s failure to make payments according to contract terms. Prior to granting credit, each client is evaluated in an underwriting process, taking into consideration the prospective client’s financial condition, past payment experience, credit bureau information and other financial and qualitative factors that may affect the client’s ability to pay. Specific credit reviews and standard industry credit scoring models are used in performing this evaluation. Clients’ financial condition is continuously monitored as part of the normal course of business. Some of the Company’s clients are highly leveraged or otherwise subject to their own operating and regulatory risks. Based on those client account reviews and the continued uncertainty of the global economy, the Company has established an allowance for credit losses of $33.8 million as of September 30, 2020, and $25.0 million as of December 31, 2019.
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The Company has a large, diverse client base and does not have a high degree of concentration with any single client account. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company’s largest client accounted for less than 5% of the Company’s net sales. Even if the Company’s credit review and analysis mechanisms work properly, the Company may experience financial losses in its dealings with clients and other parties. Any increase in nonpayment or nonperformance by clients could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. Economic disruptions, including the impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in significant future charges. The Company is continuing to actively monitor the situation and related risks around the COVID-19 pandemic.
Commodity Risk
The primary raw materials that Quad uses in its print business are paper, ink and energy. At this time, the Company’s supply of raw materials is readily available from numerous vendors; however, based on market conditions, that could change in the future. The Company generally buys these raw materials based upon market prices that are established with the vendor as part of the procurement process.
The majority of paper used in the printing process is supplied directly by the Company’s clients. For those clients that do not directly supply their own paper, the Company makes use of its purchasing efficiencies to supply paper by negotiating with leading paper vendors, uses a wide variety of paper grades, weights and sizes, and does not rely on any one vendor. In addition, the Company generally includes price adjustment clauses in sales contracts for paper and other critical raw materials in the printing process. Although these clauses generally mitigate paper price risk, higher paper prices and tight paper supplies, as well as changes in the United States import or trade regulations may have an impact on client demand for printed products. The Company’s working capital requirements, including the impact of seasonality, are partially mitigated through the direct purchasing of paper by its clients.
The Company produces the majority of ink used in its print production, allowing it to control the quality, cost and supply of key inputs. Raw materials for the ink manufacturing process are purchased externally from a variety of vendors.
The Company generally cannot pass on to clients the impact of higher electric and natural gas energy prices on its manufacturing costs, and increases in energy prices result in higher manufacturing costs for certain of its operations. The Company mitigates its risk through natural gas hedges when appropriate. In its logistic operations, however, the Company is able to pass a substantial portion of any increase in fuel prices directly to its clients.
As a result, management believes a hypothetical 10% change in the price of paper and other raw materials would not have a significant direct impact on the Company’s consolidated annual results of operations or cash flows; however, significant increases in commodity pricing or tight supply could influence future client demand for printed products.
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report and has concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was filed with the SEC on February 19, 2020, other than as such were previously supplemented and amended by Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020, which was filed with the SEC on May 6, 2020.
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a)None.
(b)Not applicable.
(c)Information about the Company’s repurchases of its class A common stock in the quarter ended September 30, 2020, was as follows:

|  | Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1) |  | Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(2)
July 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 100,000,000 |
August 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000,000 |
September 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020 |  | 912 |  | (3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000,000 |
Total |  | 912 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |

______________________________
(1)Represents shares of the Company’s class A common stock.
(2)On July 30, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $100.0 million of the Company’s outstanding class A common stock. Under the authorization, share repurchases may be made at the Company’s discretion, from time to time, in the open market and/or in privately negotiated transactions as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchase will depend on economic and market conditions, share price, trading volume, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The Company is currently prohibited from repurchasing capital stock through the Covenant Relief Period, in accordance with the fourth amendment to the April 28, 2014 Senior Secured Credit Facility, completed on June 29, 2020 (see Note 11. “Debt,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements in Item 1, “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more details on the amendment and timing of the Covenant Relief Period). There were no shares repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, there were $100.0 million of authorized repurchases remaining under the program.
(3)Represents 912 shares of class A common stock transferred from employees to the Company to satisfy tax withholding requirements in connection with the vesting of restricted stock under the Company’s Omnibus Incentive Plans during the month of September 2020.
See Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources — Covenants and Compliance,” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a discussion of covenants under the Company’s debt agreements that may restrict the Company’s ability to pay dividends.
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ITEM 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed in the exhibit index below are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
(22) |  | Guarantor Subsidiaries of Quad/Graphics, Inc.’s Senior Unsecured Notes.
(31.1) |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(31.2) |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(32) |  | Written Statement of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
(101) |  | Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Quad/Graphics, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 formatted in Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited), (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited), (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited), (iv) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited), (v) the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited), and (vi) document and entity information.
(104) |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | QUAD/GRAPHICS, INC.
Date: | November 4, 2020 |  | By: | /s/ J. Joel Quadracci
|  |  |  | J. Joel Quadracci
|  |  |  | Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: | November 4, 2020 |  | By: | /s/ David J. Honan
|  |  |  | David J. Honan
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)

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