<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-24-026102.txt : 20240326
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240326171931
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-24-026102
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240322
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240326
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240326

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			GD Culture Group Ltd
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001641398
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	WHOLESALE-METALS, MINERALS (NO PETROLEUM) [5050]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	07 Trade & Services
		IRS NUMBER:				473709051
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37513
		FILM NUMBER:		24784742

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22F-810 SEVENTH AVENUE
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10019
		BUSINESS PHONE:		1-347-259-0292

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22F-810 SEVENTH AVENUE
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10019

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Code Chain New Continent Ltd
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20200518

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	TMSR HOLDING Co Ltd
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20180207

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	JM Global Holding Co
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150505
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>WASHINGTON,
D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>FORM
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Securities
Exchange Act of 1934</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span id="xdx_907_edei--EntityRegistrantName_c20240322__20240322_z5xEfYiLLlN4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-22" id="Fact000011" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName">GD
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Exact
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <b>Identification No.)</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Address
of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip code)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_902_edei--CityAreaCode_c20240322__20240322_zhDk32n8Wvbl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-22" id="Fact000020" name="dei:CityAreaCode">+1-347</ix:nonNumeric></span>-<span id="xdx_908_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20240322__20240322_zHuEAWYnAcUb"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-03-22" id="Fact000021" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">2590292</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(Company&#8217;s
Telephone number, including area code)</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the Company under any
of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span>&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
or about March 22, 2024, GD Culture Group Limited (the &#8220;Company&#8221;, &#8220;we&#8221;, &#8220;us&#8221; or &#8220;our&#8221;)
entered into a placement agency agreement (the &#8220;Placement Agency Agreement&#8221;), with Univest Securities, LLC (the &#8220;Placement
Agent&#8221; or &#8220;Univest&#8221;). Pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Placement Agent agrees to use its reasonable
best efforts to sell the Company&#8217;s common stock (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;) in a registered direct offering (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;).
The Placement Agent has no obligation to buy any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number
or dollar amount of securities.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
the Offering, an aggregate of 810,277 shares of common stock (the &#8220;Common Shares&#8221;) of the Company, par value $0.0001 per
share are sold to certain purchasers (the &#8220;Purchasers&#8221;), pursuant to a securities purchase agreement, dated March 22, 2024
(the &#8220;Securities Purchase Agreement&#8221;). The purchase price of each Common Share is $1.144.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Offering is being made pursuant to a shelf registration statement (No.&#160;333-254366)&#160;on Form&#160;S-3,&#160;which was declared
effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) on March 26, 2021, and related prospectus supplement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
net proceeds from the Offering, after deducting placement agent discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by
the Company, are approximately $830,000. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for working capital and general
corporate purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay the Placement Agent a total cash fee equal to 4.0% of the aggregate
gross proceeds received in the Offering.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Placement
Agent Warrants</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company agreed to issue the Placement Agent Warrants&#160;to the Placement Agent to purchase up
to 40,514 shares of Common Stock (equal to 5.0% of the aggregate number of Common Shares) at an exercise price of $1.373 per share, which
represents 120% of the offering price. The Placement Agent&#8217;s Warrants are not covered by the shelf registration statement (No.&#160;333-254366)&#160;on
Form&#160;S-3,&#160;which was declared effective by the SEC on March 26, 2021, and related prospectus supplement.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Placement Agency Agreement is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. The form
of Securities Purchase Agreement is filed as Exhibit 10.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
A copy of the opinion of the Company&#8217;s counsel, relating to the validity of the Common Shares is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current
Report on Form&#160;8-K.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
8.01 Other Events.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
March 22, 2024, the Company issued a press release announcing the pricing of the Offering, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit
99.1.&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 9%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit<br/>
Number</b></span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 90%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description
    of Exhibit</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea020255601ex5-1_gdculture.htm">Opinion of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ea020255601ex10-1_gdculture.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Placement Agency Agreement, dated March 22, 2024</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.2</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ea020255601ex10-2_gdculture.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and certain Purchasers, dated March 22, 2024</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea020255601ex5-1_gdculture.htm">Consent of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="ea020255601ex99-1_gdculture.htm"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pricing Press Release dated March 22, 2024</span></a></td></tr>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover
    Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNATURES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>GD
    CULTURE GROUP LIMITED</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
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    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 60%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date:
    March 26, 2024</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 35%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/
    Xiaojian Wang</i></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&#160;&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Xiaojian
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  <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</span></td>
    <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief
    Executive Officer, President and<br/>
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  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center">2</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ea020255601ex5-1_gdculture.htm
<DESCRIPTION>OPINION OF ORTOLI ROSENSTADT LLP
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><IMG SRC="ex5-1_001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">March 26, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">GD Culture Group Limited</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">810 Seventh Avenue, 22<SUP>nd</SUP> Floor</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">New York, NY 10019</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We have acted as special counsel to GD Culture
Group Limited, a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), in connection with a prospectus supplement, dated March 22, 2024
(the &ldquo;<U>Prospectus Supplement</U>&rdquo;) to the prospectus which forms a part of a Registration Statement (as amended from time-to-time,
referred to as the &ldquo;<U>Registration Statement</U>&rdquo;) on Form S-3 filed by the Company on March 16, 2021 (Registration No. 333-254366,
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Act</U>&rdquo;), with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;)
and declared effective on March 26, 2021, relating to the public offering of 810,277 shares (the &ldquo;<U>Shares</U>&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s
common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the &ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo;). The Shares are to be sold pursuant to that certain
securities purchase agreement, dated as of March 22, 2024 by and between the Company and the purchasers identified on the signature pages
thereto (the &ldquo;<U>Purchase Agreement</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with this matter, we have examined
the originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction of the following: (a) Articles of Incorporation of the Company,
as amended to date, (b) By-laws of the Company, as amended to date, (c) the Registration Statement, all documents incorporated therein
by reference and all exhibits thereto, (d) the Prospectus Supplement, (e) the Purchase Agreement and all the schedules and exhibits thereto
and (f) the placement agency agreement, dated March 22, 2024, by and between the Company and Univest Securities LLC (the &ldquo;<U>Placement
Agency Agreement</U>&rdquo;). In addition to the foregoing, we have relied as to matters of fact upon the representations made by the
Company and their representatives, and we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted
to us as originals, and the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us certified or photostatic copies.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We are members of the Bar of the State of New
York. We do not hold ourselves out as being conversant with, or expressing any opinion with respect to, the laws of any jurisdiction other
than the federal laws of the United States of America, the laws of the State of New York, and Chapter 78 of the Nevada Revised Statutes.
Accordingly, the opinions expressed herein are expressly limited to the federal laws of the United States of America, the laws of the
State of New York, and Chapter 78 of the Nevada Revised Statutes.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Based upon the foregoing and in reliance thereon,
and subject to the qualifications, limitations, exceptions and assumptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Shares have been duly authorized for issuance by all
necessary corporate action by the Company;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">the Shares, when issued and sold as described in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus Supplement, the Purchase Agreement and the Placement Agency Agreement, were validly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable;</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This opinion letter speaks only as of the date
hereof, and we assume no obligation to update or supplement this opinion letter if any applicable laws change after the date of this opinion
letter or if we become aware after the date of this opinion letter of any facts, whether existing before or arising after the date hereof,
that might change the opinions expressed above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This opinion letter is furnished in connection
with the Prospectus Supplement and may not be relied upon for any other purpose without our prior written consent in each instance. Further,
no portion of this letter may be quoted, circulated or referred to in any other document for any other purpose without our prior written
consent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion
with the Commission as Exhibit 5.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 26, 2024, incorporated by reference
into the Registration Statement, and to the use of our name as it appears under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus
Supplement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under
Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 40%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>/s/ Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP</I></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ea020255601ex10-1_gdculture.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PLACEMENT AGENCY AGREEMENT, DATED MARCH 22, 2024
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">PLACEMENT AGENCY
AGREEMENT</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">March 22, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">GD Culture Group Limited</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">22F - 810 Seventh Avenue,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">New York,&nbsp;NY&nbsp;10019</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Dear Mr. Xiao Jian Wang:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This letter (the &ldquo;<B>Agreement</B>&rdquo;)
constitutes the agreement by and between Univest Securities, LLC (&ldquo;<B>Univest</B>&rdquo; or the &ldquo;<B>Placement Agent</B>&rdquo;)
and GD Culture Group Limited, a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;), pursuant to which the Placement Agent shall serve
as the placement agent for the Company, on a &ldquo;reasonable best efforts&rdquo; basis, in connection with the proposed placements (the
&ldquo;<B>Placements</B>&rdquo;) of up to an aggregate of approximately $926,957 of Securities (defined below) via a registered direct
offering of shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 (&ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;), of the Company (the &ldquo;<B>Offered Shares</B>&rdquo;
or the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;) . The terms of the Placements and the Securities shall be mutually agreed upon by the Company
and the purchasers (each, a &ldquo;<B>Purchaser</B>&rdquo; and collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Purchasers</B>&rdquo;) and nothing herein shall
be deemed to mean that the Placement Agent would have the power or authority to bind the Company or any Purchaser or an obligation for
the Company to issue any Securities or complete the Placements. This Agreement and the documents executed and delivered by the Company
and the Purchasers in connection with the Placements, including but not limited to the Purchase Agreement (as defined below) shall be
collectively referred to herein as the &ldquo;<B>Transaction Documents</B>.&rdquo; The date of the closing of the Placements shall be
referred to herein as the &ldquo;<B>Closing Date</B>.&rdquo; The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that the obligations of the
Placement Agent hereunder are on a reasonable best efforts basis only and that the execution of this Agreement does not constitute a commitment
by the Placement Agent to purchase the Securities and does not ensure the successful placement of the Securities or any portion thereof
or the success of the Placement Agent with respect to securing any other financing on behalf of the Company. Following the prior written
consent of the Company, the Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents or selected-dealers on its behalf
in connection with the Placements. The sale of the Securities to any Purchaser will be evidenced by a securities purchase agreement (the
&ldquo;<B>Purchase Agreement</B>&rdquo;) between the Company and such Purchaser in a form mutually agreed upon by the Company and the
Placement Agent. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Purchase Agreement.
Prior to the signing of any Purchase Agreement, executive officers of the Company will be available upon reasonable notice and during
normal business hours to answer inquiries from prospective Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
OF THE COMPANY; COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A. <U>Representations
of the Company</U>. Each of the representations and warranties (together with any related disclosure schedules thereto) and covenants
made by the Company to the Purchasers in the Purchase Agreement in connection with the Placements is hereby incorporated herein by reference
into this Agreement (as though fully restated herein) and is, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date, hereby made
to, and in favor of, the Placement Agent. In addition to the foregoing, the Company represents and warrants that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">1. The
Company has prepared and filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B>Commission</B>&rdquo;) a registration statement
on Form S-3 (File No. 333-254366) for the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Securities Act</B>&rdquo;),
of the Offered Shares, which registration statement became effective on March 26, 2021. At the time of such filing, the Company met the
requirements of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. Such registration statement meets the requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x) under
the Securities Act and complies with said Rule. The Company will file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities
Act, and the rules and regulations (the &ldquo;<B>Rules and Regulations</B>&rdquo;) of the Commission promulgated thereunder, a supplement
to the form of prospectus included in such registration statement relating to the placement of the Offered Shares and the plan of distribution
thereof and has advised the Placement Agent of all further information (financial and other) with respect to the Company required to be
set forth therein. Such registration statement, including the exhibits thereto, as amended at the date of this Agreement, is hereinafter
called the &ldquo;<B>Registration Statement</B>&rdquo;; such prospectus in the form in which it appears in the Registration Statement
is hereinafter called the &ldquo;<B>Base Prospectus</B>&rdquo;; and the supplemented form of prospectus, in the form in which it will
be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (including the Base Prospectus as so supplemented) is hereinafter called the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus
Supplement</B>.&rdquo; Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement
shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein (the &ldquo;<B>Incorporated Documents</B>&rdquo;)
pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 which were filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Exchange Act</B>&rdquo;),
on or before the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be; and
any reference in this Agreement to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to
the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any
document under the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement,
as the case may be, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules
and other information which is &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included,&rdquo; &ldquo;described,&rdquo; &ldquo;referenced,&rdquo; &ldquo;set
forth&rdquo; or &ldquo;stated&rdquo; in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement (and all other references
of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed
to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be. No
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement has
been issued, and no proceeding for any such purpose is pending or has been initiated or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, is threatened
by the Commission. For purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<B>Free Writing Prospectus</B>&rdquo; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405
under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">2. The
Registration Statement (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and schedules as required by
the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective, complied
in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations and did not and, as amended
or supplemented, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, each
as of its respective date, complied or will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable
Rules and Regulations. Each of the Base Prospectus, and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain
as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Incorporated Documents, when they were filed
with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations,
and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (with respect to Incorporated Documents incorporated by reference in the
Base Prospectus or Prospectus Supplement), in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further
documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Base Prospectus, or Prospectus Supplement, when such documents are filed with
the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations,
as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration
Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental
change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. Except for this Agreement and the Transaction
Documents, there are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby that
(x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period. There are
no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Base Prospectus, or Prospectus Supplement, or to be filed as exhibits
or schedules to the Registration Statement, which (x) have not been described or filed as required or (y) will not be filed within the
requisite time period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">3. The
Company is eligible to use Free Writing Prospectuses in connection with the Placement pursuant to Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities
Act. Any Free Writing Prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will
be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the
Commission thereunder. Each Free Writing Prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under
the Securities Act or that was prepared by or behalf of or used by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the
requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. The Company will not, without
the prior consent of the Placement Agent, prepare, use or refer to, any Free Writing Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">4. The
Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements or other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities
Act or Exchange Act, during the three years preceding the date hereof (the foregoing materials filed during such three-year period, including
the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, the &ldquo;<B>SEC Reports</B>&rdquo;). For the twelve months preceding
the date hereof, the Company has filed the SEC Reports on a timely basis (including any valid extension of such time of filing provided
under Rule 12b-5 or under coronavirus-related relief by the SEC) and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such
extension. As of their respective filing or amendment dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of
the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder; and as of their respective filing or amendment
dates, the SEC Reports did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to
make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">5. There
are no affiliations with any Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (&ldquo;<B>FINRA</B>&rdquo;) member firm among the Company&rsquo;s
officers, directors or, to the knowledge of the Company, any ten percent (10%) or greater shareholder of the Company, except as set forth
in the Registration Statement and the SEC Reports.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">B. <U>Covenants
of the Company</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">1. The
Company has delivered or made available, or will as promptly as practicable deliver or make available, to the Placement Agent complete
conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part thereof,
and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits), the Base Prospectus, and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended
or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as the Placement Agent reasonably requests. Neither the Company nor any of its
directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the Closing Date, any offering material in connection
with the offering and sale of the Securities pursuant to the Placements other than the Transaction Documents, the Base Prospectus, the
Prospectus Supplement, the Registration Statement, copies of the documents incorporated by reference therein and any other materials permitted
by the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">2. The
Company will advise the Placement Agent promptly after it receives notice thereof of the time when any amendment to the Registration Statement
has been filed or becomes effective or any supplement to the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement has been filed and will furnish
the Placement Agent with copies thereof, the parties acknowledging that such obligation is satisfied by filing such materials on the EDGAR
system of the SEC. The Company will file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed
by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the date of the Prospectus
Supplement and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the Placement. The Company will advise the Placement
Agent, promptly after it receives notice thereof (i) of any request by the Commission to amend the Registration Statement or to amend
or supplement any Prospectus or for additional information, and (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or any order directed at any Incorporated Document,
if any, or any amendment or supplement thereto or any order preventing or suspending the use of the Base Prospectus or the final Prospectus
or any prospectus supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, of
the suspension of the qualification of any of the Offered Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, of the institution or threatened
institution of any proceeding for any such purpose, or of any request by the Commission for the amending or supplementing of the Registration
Statement or a Prospectus or for additional information. The Company shall use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop
order or prevention or suspension of such use. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order or order or notice of prevention or suspension
at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment, or will file a
new registration statement and use its best efforts to have such new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable.
Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b), 430A, 430B and 430C, as applicable, under the
Securities Act, including with respect to the timely filing of documents thereunder, and will use its best efforts to confirm that any
filings made by the Company under such Rule 424(b) are received in a timely manner by the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">3. The
Company will cooperate with the Placement Agent and the Purchasers in endeavoring to qualify the Securities for sale under the securities
laws of such jurisdictions (United States and foreign) as the Placement Agent and the Purchasers may reasonably request and will make
such applications, file such documents, and furnish such information as may be reasonably required for that purpose, provided the Company
shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general consent to service of process in any jurisdiction where
it is not now so qualified or required to file such a consent, and provided further that the Company shall not be required to produce
any new disclosure document. The Company will, from time to time, prepare and file such statements, reports and other documents as are
or may be required to continue such qualifications in effect for so long a period as the Placement Agent may reasonably request for distribution
of the Securities. The Company will advise the Placement Agent promptly of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or
any such exemption relating to) the Securities for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding
for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company
shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">4. The
Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, so as to
permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated in this Agreement, the Incorporated Documents and any Prospectus.
If during the period in which a prospectus is required by law to be delivered in connection with the distribution of any Securities contemplated
by the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus (the &ldquo;<B>Prospectus Delivery Period</B>&rdquo;), any event shall occur as a result
of which, in the judgment of the Company or in the opinion of the Placement Agent or counsel for the Placement Agent, it becomes necessary
to amend or supplement the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend or supplement the Incorporated
Documents or any Prospectus or to file under the Exchange Act any Incorporated Document to comply with any law, the Company will promptly
prepare and file with the Commission, and furnish at its own expense to the Placement Agent and to dealers, an appropriate amendment to
the Registration Statement or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents or any Prospectus that is necessary
in order to make the statements in the Incorporated Documents and any Prospectus as so amended or supplemented, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, as the case may be, not misleading, or so that the Registration Statement, the Incorporated Documents or any
Prospectus, as so amended or supplemented, will comply with law. Before amending the Registration Statement or supplementing the Incorporated
Documents or any Prospectus in connection with the Placement, the Company will furnish the Placement Agent with a copy of such proposed
amendment or supplement and will not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Placement Agent reasonably objects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">5. During
the Prospectus Delivery Period, the Company will duly file, on a timely basis, with the Commission and the Trading Market all reports
and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act within the time periods and in the manner required by the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">6. The
Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or result in, or that has constituted or might reasonably
be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any securities of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">7. [<I>Intentionally
Omitted</I>]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">8. If
any of the conditions specified in this Section 1(B) shall not have been fulfilled when and as provided in this Agreement, or if any of
the opinions and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance
to the Placement Agent and its counsel, this Agreement and all obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder may be canceled at, or at
any time prior to, the Closing Date by the Placement Agent. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or by
telephone or facsimile confirmed in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">C. <U>Subsequent
Equity Sales</U>. From the date hereof until forty-five (45) trading days (on which days the Nasdaq Global Market is open for trading)
after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance
or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents other than through Exempt Issuance. From the date hereof
until one (1) year after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any
issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units
thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. For purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<B>Variable Rate Transaction</B>&rdquo; shall mean
a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable
for, or include the right to receive additional shares of Common Stok (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other
price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance
of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future
date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly
related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement,
including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. The Placement
Agent shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition
to any right to collect damages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 2. REPRESENTATIONS
OF THE PLACEMENT AGENT</U>. The Placement Agent represents and warrants that it (i) is a member in good standing of FINRA, (ii) is registered
as a broker/dealer under the Exchange Act, (iii) is licensed as a broker/dealer under the laws of the States applicable to the offers
and sales of the Securities by the Placement Agent, (iv) is and will be a corporate entity validly existing under the laws of its place
of formation, and (v) has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Placement Agent
will immediately notify the Company in writing of any change in its status as such. The Placement Agent covenants that it will use its
reasonable best efforts to conduct the Placement hereunder in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement and the requirements of
applicable law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 3. COMPENSATION;
OTHER ARRANGEMENTS</U>. In consideration of the services to be provided for hereunder by the Placement Agent, the Company shall pay to
the Placement Agent the following compensation with respect to the Securities which the Placement Agent is placing:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A. A
cash fee (the &ldquo;<B>Cash Fee</B>&rdquo;) equal to four percent (4.0%) of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the Placement. The
Cash Fee shall be paid at the closing of the Placements (the &ldquo;<B>Closing</B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">B. In
addition to the Cash Fee, the Company shall issue the Placement Agent a warrant for the purchase of a number of shares of Common Stock
equal to five percent (5.0%) of the aggregate number of Offered Shares issued in the Placements, at an exercise price equal to one hundred
twenty percent (120%) of the offering price in the Placement, for an aggregate purchase price of one hundred U.S. dollars (US$100), which
warrant shall be exercisable at any time during the period commencing six (6) months after commencement of sales in the Offering through
the fifth (5<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><SUP>th</SUP></FONT>) anniversary of issuance (the &ldquo;<B>Placement Agent Warrant</B>&rdquo;
and together with the shares of Common Stock underlying the Placement Agent Warrant, the &ldquo;<B>Placement Agent Securities</B>&rdquo;)
and in all respects in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">C. If
within twelve (12) months after the end of the Term (as defined below), the Company completes any financing of equity, equity-linked or
debt or other capital-raising activity of the Company for which any investors in the Placement were contacted by the Placement Agent in
connection therewith (other than the exercise by any person or entity of any options, warrants or other convertible securities), then
the Company shall pay to the Placement Agent a commission as described in Section 3(A)-(C) herein. The Placement Agent shall provide a
list of investors that were introduced to the Company at the conclusion of each transaction during the engagement and only these investors
will be eligible for the payment under this Section 3D to the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">D. The
Placement Agent reserves the right to reduce any item of its compensation or adjust (in the Company&rsquo;s favor) the terms thereof as
specified herein in the event that a determination shall be made by FINRA to the effect that the Placement Agent&rsquo;s aggregate compensation
is in excess of FINRA&rsquo;s rules and regulations or that the terms thereof require adjustment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 4. INDEMNIFICATION</U>.
The Company agrees to the indemnification and other agreements set forth in the Indemnification Provisions (the &ldquo;<B>Indemnification</B>&rdquo;)
attached hereto as <U>Addendum A</U>, the provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference and shall survive the termination or
expiration of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 5. ENGAGEMENT
TERM</U>. The Placement Agent&rsquo;s engagement hereunder shall be until the final Closing Date of the Placement; provided that, on or
after September 1, 2024, the engagement may be terminated by the Company or the Placement Agent upon 60 days&rsquo; written notice to
the other party, effective upon receipt of such written notice (such date, the &ldquo;<B>Termination Date</B>&rdquo; and the period of
time during which this Agreement remains in effect is referred to herein as the &ldquo;<B>Term</B>&rdquo;). Notwithstanding anything to
the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning the Company&rsquo;s obligation to pay any fees actually earned pursuant to Section
3 hereof and the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification and contribution contained herein and the Company&rsquo;s obligations
contained in the Indemnification Provisions attached hereto as <U>Addendum A</U> will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement.
If this Agreement is terminated prior to the completion of the Placement, all fees and expense reimbursements due to the Placement Agent
shall be paid by the Company to the Placement Agent on or before the Termination Date (in the event such fees are earned or owed as of
the Termination Date). The Placement Agent agrees not to use any confidential information concerning the Company provided to the Placement
Agent by the Company for any purposes other than those contemplated under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 6. PLACEMENT
AGENT&rsquo;S INFORMATION</U>. The Company agrees that any information or advice rendered by the Placement Agent in connection with this
engagement is for the confidential use of the Company only in its evaluation of the Placement and, except as otherwise required by law,
the Company will not disclose or otherwise refer to the advice or information in any manner without the Placement Agent&rsquo;s prior
written consent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 7. NO FIDUCIARY
RELATIONSHIP</U>. This Agreement does not create, and shall not be construed as creating rights enforceable by any person or entity not
a party hereto, except those entitled hereto by virtue of the Indemnification Provisions attached hereto as <U>Addendum A</U> hereof.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent is not nor shall it be construed as a fiduciary of the Company and the Placement
Agent shall not have any duties or liabilities to the equity holders or the creditors of the Company or any other person by virtue of
this Agreement or the retention of the Placement Agent hereunder, all of which are hereby expressly waived.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 8. CLOSING</U>.
The obligations of the Placement Agent, and the Closing of the sale of the Securities hereunder are subject to the accuracy, when made
and on the Closing Date, of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company contained herein and in the Purchase Agreement,
to the accuracy of the statements of the Company made in any certificates pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the
Company of their obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional terms and conditions, except as otherwise disclosed to
and acknowledged and waived by the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">A. No
stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall
have been initiated or threatened by the Commission, and any request for additional information on the part of the Commission (to be included
in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the reasonable
satisfaction of the Placement Agent. Any filings required to be made by the Company in connection with the Placement shall have been timely
filed with the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">B. The
Placement Agent shall not have discovered and disclosed to the Company on or prior to the Closing Date that the Registration Statement,
the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement of a fact which, in
the opinion of counsel for the Placement Agent, is material or omits to state any fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material
and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">C. All
corporate proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form, execution, delivery and validity of each of this Agreement,
the other Transaction Documents, the Securities, the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement and all
other legal matters relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby shall be reasonably satisfactory in
all material respects to counsel for the Placement Agent and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel all documents and information
that they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">D. The
Placement Agent shall have completed its due diligence investigation of the Company to the satisfaction of the Placement Agent and its
counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">E. The
Placement Agent shall have received from outside counsels to the Company such counsels&rsquo; written opinions, including, without limitation,
a negative assurance letter from applicable counsel, addressed to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers and dated as of the Closing Date,
in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">F. On
the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, as of each such
date, addressed to the Placement Agent and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to the Placement Agent, certifying certain
financial information that is included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">G. On
the Closing Date, Placement Agent shall have received a certificate signed by each of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, dated,
as applicable, as of the date of such Closing, to the effect that, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date, the representations
and warranties of the Company contained herein and in the Purchase Agreement were and are accurate in all material respects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">H. On
the Closing Date, Placement Agent shall have received from the Company a certificate of the corporate secretary of the Company, dated,
as applicable, as of the date of such Closing, certifying to the organizational documents of the Company, good standing in the jurisdiction
of formation of the Company and board resolutions authorizing the Placement of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">I. The
Company (i) shall not have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in
the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, any loss or interference with its business as a result
of any fire, explosion, flood, terrorist act, epidemic or pandemic (including as a result of the coronavirus known as COVID-19), any change
in general economic, political or financial conditions in the United States or elsewhere, act of war or other calamity, whether or not
covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth in or contemplated
by the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, and (ii) since such date there shall not have been any
change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting
the business, general affairs, management, financial position, shareholders&rsquo; equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company,
otherwise than as set forth in or contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, the effect
of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii), is, in the judgment of the Placement Agent, so material and adverse as to
make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated
by the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement and the Purchase Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">J. The
Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act and, as of the Closing Date, the Company has submitted the notification of listing of
additional Common Stock to the Trading Market or other U.S. applicable national exchange, and the Offered Shares shall be listed for trading
on the Trading Market or other applicable U.S. national exchange and reasonable evidence of such action, if available, shall have been
provided to the Placement Agent. The Company shall have taken no action designed to terminate, or likely to have the effect of, terminating
the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Common Stock from the Trading
Market or other applicable U.S. national exchange, nor has the Company received any information suggesting that the Commission or the
Trading Market or other U.S. applicable national exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">K. No
action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental
agency or body which would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect
or potentially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company; and no injunction, restraining order or order of any other
nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued as of the Closing Date which would prevent the issuance
or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">L. The
Company shall have prepared and filed with the Commission a Current Report on Form 8-K with respect to the Placement, including as an
exhibit thereto this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">M. The
Company shall have entered into a Purchase Agreement with each of the Purchasers and such agreements shall be in full force and effect
and shall contain representations, warranties and covenants of the Company as agreed between the Company and the Purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">N. FINRA
shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements of this Agreement. In addition, the Company
shall, if requested by the Placement Agent, make or authorize Placement Agent&rsquo;s counsel to make on the Company&rsquo;s behalf, any
filing with the FINRA Corporate Financing Department pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 with respect to the Placement and pay all filing fees
required in connection therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">O. The
Company shall apply the net proceeds from the Placement received by it in a manner consistent with the application thereof described under
the caption or heading &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo; in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement and
the Purchase Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">P. Prior
to the Closing Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Placement Agent such further information, certificates and documents as the
Placement Agent may reasonably request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If any of the conditions specified in this Section
8 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, or if any of the certificates, opinions, written statements or
letters furnished to the Placement Agent or to Placement Agent&rsquo;s counsel pursuant to this Section 8 shall not be reasonably satisfactory
in form and substance to the Placement Agent and to Placement Agent&rsquo;s counsel, all obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder
may be cancelled by the Placement Agent at, or at any time prior to, the consummation of the Closing. Notice of such cancellation shall
be given to the Company in writing or orally. Any such oral notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 9. RIGHT OF
FIRST REFUSAL</U>. Subject to the Placement Agent&rsquo;s consummation of this Placement, beginning on the Closing Date of such Placement
until the eighteen (18)-month anniversary following the Closing Date (the &ldquo;<B>ROFR Period</B>&rdquo;), whether or not this Agreement
is terminated pursuant to Section 5, other than termination for Cause (as defined below), the Company grants the Placement Agent the right
to provide investment banking services to the Company on an exclusive basis in all matters for which the following investment banking
services are sought by the Company (such right, the &ldquo;<B>ROFR</B>&rdquo;), which right is exercisable in the Placement Agent&rsquo;s
sole discretion and which right shall not have a duration of more than three (3) years from the commencement of the sales of the Securities
in the Placement or the termination of the Placement Agent&rsquo;s engagement hereby in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(6)(A). For
these purposes, investment banking services shall mean (a) acting as lead manager for any underwritten public offering; (b) acting as
exclusive placement agent, initial purchaser or financial advisor in connection with any private offering of securities of the Company;
and (c) acting as financial advisor in connection with any sale or other transfer by the Company, directly or indirectly, of a majority
or controlling portion of its capital stock or assets to another entity, any purchase or other transfer by another entity, directly or
indirectly, of a majority or controlling portion of the capital stock or assets of the Company, and any merger or consolidation of the
Company with another entity. Within five (5) days after the Company&rsquo;s decision to enter into any such transaction, the Company shall
provide written notice to the Placement Agent, and the Placement Agent shall notify the Company of its intention to exercise the ROFR
within fifteen (15) business days following receipt of such written notice from the Company. Any decision by the Placement Agent to act
in any such capacity shall be contained in separate agreements, which agreements would contain, among other matters, provisions for customary
fees for transactions of similar size and nature, as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties thereto, and indemnification of the Placement
Agent which are appropriate to such transaction and shall be subject to general market conditions. If the Placement Agent declines to
exercise the ROFR or in the event the terms proposed by the Placement Agent are unsatisfactory to the Company, the Company shall have
the right to retain any other person or persons to provide such services on terms and conditions which are not more favorable to such
other person or persons than the terms declined by the Placement Agent in the first instance, or than the terms proposed by the Placement
Agent in the second instance. The ROFR granted hereunder may be terminated by the Company for &ldquo;Cause&rdquo;, which shall mean a
material breach by the Placement Agent of this Agreement or a material failure by the Placement Agent to provide the services as contemplated
by this Agreement. The services provided by the Placement Agent hereunder are solely for the benefit of the Company and are not intended
to confer any rights upon any persons or entities not a party hereto (including, without limitation, securityholders, employees or creditors
of the Company) as against the Placement Agent or its directors, officers, agents and employees.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 10. GOVERNING
LAW</U>. This Agreement will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements
made and to be performed entirely in such State. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent
of the other party. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, and their respective successors
and permitted assigns. Any right to trial by jury with respect to any dispute arising under this Agreement or any transaction or conduct
in connection herewith is waived. Any dispute arising under this Agreement may be brought into the courts of the State of New York or
into the Federal Court located in New York, New York and, by execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company hereby accepts for
itself and in respect of its property, generally and unconditionally, the jurisdiction of aforesaid courts. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably
waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by delivering a copy thereof
via overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees
that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed
to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding
to enforce any provisions of a Transaction Document, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the
other party for its attorney&rsquo;s fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of
such action or proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 11. ENTIRE AGREEMENT/MISC</U>.
This Agreement (including the Indemnification Provisions attached hereto as <U>Addendum A</U>) embodies the entire agreement and understanding
between the parties hereto with respect to this Placement, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, relating to the subject
matter hereof. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such determination will
not affect such provision in any other respect or any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect. This
Agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by both the Placement Agent and
the Company. The representations, warranties, agreements and covenants contained herein shall survive the Closing of the Placement and
delivery of the Securities. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered
one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party hereto and delivered to the other
party hereto, it being understood that both parties hereto need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered
by facsimile transmission or a .pdf format file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or
on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or .pdf signature page were an original
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 12. CONFIDENTIALITY</U>.
The Placement Agent (i) will keep the Confidential Information (as such term is defined below) confidential and will not (except as required
by applicable law or Trading Market or other stock exchange requirement, regulation or legal process (&ldquo;<B>Legal Requirement</B>&rdquo;)),
without the Company&rsquo;s prior written consent, disclose to any person any Confidential Information, and (ii) will not use any Confidential
Information other than in connection with the Placement. The Placement Agent further agrees to disclose the Confidential Information only
to its Representatives (as such term is defined below) who need to know the Confidential Information for the purpose of the Placement,
and who are informed by the Placement Agent of the confidential nature of the Confidential Information. The term &ldquo;<B>Confidential
Information</B>&rdquo; shall mean, all confidential, proprietary and non-public information (whether written, oral or electronic communications)
furnished by the Company to the Placement Agent or its Representatives in connection with such Placement Agent&rsquo;s evaluation of the
Placement. The term &ldquo;<B>Confidential Information</B>&rdquo; will not, however, include information which (i) is or becomes publicly
available other than as a result of a disclosure by the Placement Agent or its Representatives in violation of this Agreement, (ii) is
or becomes available to the Placement Agent or any of its Representatives on a non-confidential basis from a third-party, (iii) is known
to the Placement Agent or any of its Representatives prior to disclosure by the Company or any of its Representatives, or (iv) is or has
been independently developed by the Placement Agent and/or the Representatives without use of any Confidential Information furnished to
it by the Company. The term &ldquo;<B>Representatives</B>&rdquo; shall mean with respect to the Placement Agent, its directors, board
committees, officers, employees, financial advisors, attorneys and accountants. This provision shall be in full force until the earlier
of (a) the date on which the Confidential Information ceases to be confidential and (b) two years from the date hereof. Notwithstanding
any of the foregoing, in the event that the Placement Agent or any of its Representatives are required by Legal Requirement to disclose
any of the Confidential Information, the Placement Agent and its Representatives will furnish only that portion of the Confidential Information
which the Placement Agent or its Representative, as applicable, is required to disclose by Legal Requirement as advised by counsel, and
will use reasonable efforts to obtain reliable assurance that confidential treatment will be accorded the Confidential Information so
disclosed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 13. NOTICES</U>.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall
be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is sent to the email address
specified on the signature pages attached hereto prior to 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a business day, (b) the next business day
after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is sent to the email address on the signature pages attached hereto on
a day that is not a business day or later than 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any business day, (c) the third business day following
the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. internationally recognized air courier service, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such
notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><U>SECTION 14. <FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">PRESS
ANNOUNCEMENTS</FONT></U>. The Company agrees that the Placement Agent shall, from and after any Closing, have the right to reference the
Placement and the Placement Agent&rsquo;s role in connection therewith in the Placement Agent&rsquo;s marketing materials and on its website
and to place advertisements in financial and other newspapers and journals, in each case at its own expense.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>[The remainder of this page has been intentionally
left blank.]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Please confirm that the foregoing
correctly sets forth our agreement by signing and returning to Univest the enclosed copy of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>UNIVEST SECURITIES, LLC</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 36%"></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Edric Yi Guo</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: CEO and Head of Investment Banking</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Address for notice:</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">75 Rockefeller Plaza #1838</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">New York, New York 10019</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Attention: Edric Guo</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Email: yguo@univest.us</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Accepted and Agreed to as of<BR>
the date first written above:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><B>GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED</B></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 36%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name: Xiao Jian Wang</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title: Chief Executive Officer</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Address for notice</U>:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">GD Culture Group Limited</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">22F - 810 Seventh Avenue,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">New York,&nbsp;NY&nbsp;10019</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Attention: Xiao Jian Wang</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Email: awang@gdculturegroup.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>[Signature Page to Placement Agency Agreement
Between GD Culture Group Limited and Univest Securities, LLC]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->


<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">ADDENDUM A</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center"><U>INDEMNIFICATION
PROVISIONS</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the engagement
of Univest Securities, LLC (&ldquo;Univest&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Lead Manager&rdquo;) or together with other broker dealers registered
with FINRA and caused by Univest to also act as a manager in connection with the Placements of the Securities (the &ldquo;Lead Managers&rdquo;)
to be issued by GD Culture Group Limited (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement, dated March 22, 2024,
by and between the Company and the Lead Manager(s), as it may be amended from time to time in writing (the &ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;), the
Company hereby agrees as follows (capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the
Agreement):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">1. To
the extent permitted by law, the Company shall indemnify the Lead Manager(s) and each of their respective affiliates, directors, officers,
employees, agents and controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) against
all joint or several losses, claims, damages, expenses and liabilities (or actions, including shareholder actions, in respect thereof),
as the same are incurred (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel), relating to or arising out of its activities hereunder
or pursuant to the Agreement, including, without limitation, those which arise out of or are based on (i) any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the information deemed
to be a part of the Registration Statement at the time of effectiveness and at any subsequent time pursuant to Rules 430A and 430B of
the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, as applicable, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact contained in any Prospectus or Prospectus Supplement (or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing)
or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, (iii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained
in any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the
offering of the Securities, including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically)
or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or (iv) in whole or in part any inaccuracy in any material respect in the representations
and warranties of the Company contained herein or in the Purchase Agreement; provided however, with regard to the Lead Managers, the Company
shall not be obligated to indemnify the Lead Manager(s) or such other person or entities under this Section 1 to the extent that any losses,
claims, damages, expenses or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) are found in a final judgment (not subject to appeal) by a court
of competent jurisdiction to have resulted primarily and directly from the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Lead Manager(s)
in performing the services described herein, as the case may be. The Company also agrees that no Lead Manager shall have any liability
(whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise) to the Company or its security holders or creditors related to or arising
out of the engagement of the Lead Manager(s) pursuant to, or the performance by the Lead Manager(s) of the services contemplated by, this
Agreement except to the extent that any loss, claim, damage or liability is found in a final, non-appealable judgment by a court of competent
jurisdiction to have resulted primarily from the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Lead Manager(s).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">2. Promptly
after receipt by the Lead Manager(s) of notice of any claim or the commencement of any action or proceeding with respect to which the
Lead Manager(s) are entitled to indemnity hereunder, the Lead Manager(s) will notify the Company in writing of such claim or of the commencement
of such action or proceeding, and the Company will assume the defense of such action or proceeding and will employ counsel reasonably
satisfactory to the Lead Manager(s) and will pay the fees and expenses of such counsel. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Lead
Manager(s) will be entitled to employ counsel separate from counsel for the Company and from any other party in such action if counsel
for the Lead Manager(s) reasonably determines that it would be inappropriate under the applicable rules of professional responsibility
for the same counsel to represent both the Company and the Lead Manager(s). In such event, the reasonable fees and disbursements of no
more than one such separate counsel will be paid by the Company. The Company will have the exclusive right to settle the claim or proceeding
provided that the Company will not settle any such claim, action or proceeding without the prior written consent of the Lead Manager(s),
which will not be unreasonably withheld.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">3. The
Company agrees to notify the Lead Manager(s) promptly of the assertion against it or any other person of any claim or the commencement
of any action or proceeding relating to a transaction contemplated by the Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">4. If
for any reason the foregoing indemnity is unavailable to the Lead Manager(s) or insufficient to hold such Lead Manager(s) harmless, then
the Company shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by the Lead Manager(s), as the case may be, as a result of such losses, claims,
damages or liabilities in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits received by the Company on the one
hand, and the Lead Manager(s) on the other, but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Lead Manager(s) on the
other that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any relevant equitable considerations. The amounts paid
or payable by a party in respect of losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to above shall be deemed to include any legal or
other fees and expenses incurred in defending any litigation, proceeding or other action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions hereof,
the share of the liability of the Lead Manager(s) hereunder shall not be in excess of the amount of fees actually received, or to be received,
by the Lead Manager(s) under the Agreement (excluding any amounts received as reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Lead Manager(s)
t).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">5. These
Indemnification Provisions shall remain in full force and effect whether or not the transactions contemplated by the Agreement are completed
and shall survive the termination of the Agreement, and shall be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have to
any indemnified party under the Agreement or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

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left blank.]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>UNIVEST SECURITIES, LLC</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 36%"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><I>/s/
                                            Edric Yi Guo</I></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Edric Yi Guo</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: CEO and Head of Investment Banking</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Address for notice:</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">75 Rockefeller Plaza #1838</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">New York, New York 10019</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Attention: Edric Guo</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Email:
                    yguo@univest.us</FONT></P>
</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Accepted and Agreed to as of<BR>
the date first written above:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B></B>&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><B>GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED</B></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 36%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><I>/s/Xiao Jian Wang</I></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name: Xiao Jian Wang</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title: Chief Executive Officer</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><U>Address for notice</U>:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">GD Culture Group Limited</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">22F - 810 Seventh Avenue,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">New York,&nbsp;NY&nbsp;10019</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Attention: Xiao Jian Wang</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Email: awang@gdculturegroup.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ea020255601ex10-2_gdculture.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM OF SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND CERTAIN PURCHASERS, DATED MARCH 22, 2024
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><B>Exhibit 10.2</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Securities Purchase Agreement (this &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;) is dated as of March 22, 2024, between GD Culture Group Limited,
a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including
its successors and assigns, a &ldquo;<U>Purchaser</U>&rdquo; and collectively the &ldquo;<U>Purchasers</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">WHEREAS,
subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Securities Act</U>&rdquo;), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each
Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this
Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">NOW,
THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt
and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
I</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DEFINITIONS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.05pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1&nbsp;<U>Definitions</U>.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings
set forth in this Section 1.1:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Acquiring
Person</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Action</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Applicable
Laws</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1 (n).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Authorizations</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1 (n).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Board
of Directors</U>&rdquo; means the board of directors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day
on which the Federal Reserve Bank of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close; provided, however,
for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;,
&ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo; or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any
physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including
for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York are generally are open for use by customers on such day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Closing</U>&rdquo;
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Closing
Date</U>&rdquo; means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties
thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers&rsquo; obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company&rsquo;s
obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>)
Trading Day following the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock</U>&rdquo; means the shares of common stock, par value $0.0001, of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time shares of Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument
that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, shares
of Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Company
U.S. Counsel</U>&rdquo; means Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP, with offices at 366 Madison Avenue, 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Floor, New York, NY 10017.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Disclosure
Schedules</U>&rdquo; means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Evaluation
Date</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Exchange
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>FCPA</U>&rdquo;
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Indebtedness</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Intellectual
Property Rights</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Liens</U>&rdquo;
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Material
Adverse Effect</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1(b).</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Offered
Shares</U>&rdquo; means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Per
Share Purchase Price</U>&rdquo; equals $1.144, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward share splits, share dividends, share combinations
and other similar transactions with respect to the Common Stock that occur between the date hereof and the Closing Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Placement
Agent</U>&rdquo; means Univest Securities LLC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Placement
Agency Agreement</U>&rdquo; means the Placement Agency Agreement by and between the Company and the Placement Agent dated the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Proceeding</U>&rdquo;
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Prospectus</U>&rdquo;
means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Prospectus
Supplement</U>&rdquo; means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the
Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Purchaser
Party</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Registration
Statement</U>&rdquo; means the effective registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-254366) filed with Commission and which registers
the Offered Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Required
Approvals</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Rule
144</U>&rdquo; means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or
interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same
purpose and effect as such Rule.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Rule
424</U>&rdquo; means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>SEC
Reports</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h). &ldquo;<U>Securities</U>&rdquo; means the Offered
Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Short
Sales</U>&rdquo; means all &ldquo;short sales&rdquo; as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be
deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Subscription
Amount</U>&rdquo; means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for the Offered Shares hereunder as specified below such
Purchaser&rsquo;s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading &ldquo;Subscription Amount,&rdquo; in United States
dollars and in immediately available funds.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(a)</U>, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect
subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Market</U>&rdquo; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the shares of Common Stock are listed or quoted for
trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select
Market, the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Transfer
Agent</U>&rdquo; means Continental Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Transaction
Documents</U>&rdquo; means this Agreement and the Placement Agency Agreement, all exhibits and schedules hereto and thereto, and any
other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
II&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PURCHASE AND SALE</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1&nbsp;<U>Closing</U>.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery
of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase,
up to an aggregate of approximately $926,957 of Securities (defined below), which is based on the number of shares of Common Stock set
forth under the heading &ldquo;Subscription Amount&rdquo; on the Purchaser&rsquo;s signature page hereto, at the Per Share Purchase Price;
provided, however, that, to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser&rsquo;s
Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with such purchaser or any of such Holder&rsquo;s Affiliates) would beneficially
own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Maximum (as defined below), or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing
shares of Common Stock. Each Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser
shall be made available for &ldquo;Delivery Versus Payment&rdquo; (&ldquo;<U>DVP</U>&rdquo;) settlement with the Company or its designee.
The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Offered Shares as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and
each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants
and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of Placement Agent&rsquo;s counsel or at such
other location as the parties shall mutually agree or virtually in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. Unless otherwise
directed by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Offered Shares shall occur via DVP (i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue
the Offered Shares registered in the Purchasers&rsquo; names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s)
at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Offered Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically
deliver such Offered Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm)
by wire transfer to the Company). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary hereunder, to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its
sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser&rsquo;s Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with
such purchaser or any of such Purchaser&rsquo;s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% or 9.99%, as applicable, of the
number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to giving effect to the issuance of the Offered Shares on the Closing
Date (&ldquo;<U>Beneficial Ownership Maximum</U>&rdquo;), such Purchaser may elect to receive only the Beneficial Ownership Maximum at
the Closing with the balance of any shares of Common Stock purchased hereunder, if any, held in abeyance for such Purchaser and issued
immediately following the Closing provided in no event shall such Purchaser&rsquo;s beneficial ownership ever exceed the Beneficial Ownership
Maximum. The determination pursuant to the provisions of the previous sentence of whether any Purchaser&rsquo;s beneficial ownership
exceeds the Beneficial Ownership Maximum shall be in the sole discretion of such Purchaser and the Company shall have no obligation to
verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Deliveries</U>.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: -35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;On
or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser and the Placement Agent the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="margin-left: 0.25in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">this Agreement duly executed by the Company;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;legal
opinions of Company U.S. Counsel in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)&nbsp;a
certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, as of each such date, addressed to the Placement Agent and in form and substance
satisfactory in all respects to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers, certifying certain financial information that is included or
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)&nbsp;the
Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company&rsquo;s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief
Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)&nbsp;
a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The
Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian System (&ldquo;<U>DWAC</U>&rdquo;) shares of Common Stock equal to such Purchaser&rsquo;s
Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vi)&nbsp;a
certificate signed by each of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that, as of the
date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date, the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein and in the Purchase
Agreement were and are accurate in all material respects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vii)&nbsp;a
certificate of the corporate secretary of the Company, dated as of the date of the Closing, certifying to the organizational documents
of the Company, good standing in the jurisdiction of formation of the Company and board resolutions authorizing the offering of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(viii)&nbsp;the
Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: -35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;such
Purchaser&rsquo;s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for &ldquo;Delivery Versus Payment&rdquo; settlement with the Company
or its designee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.3</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Closing Conditions</U>.</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: -35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect,
in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific
date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)&nbsp;the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect,
in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of
a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)&nbsp;all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)&nbsp;the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)&nbsp;there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin-left: 0.25in; text-indent: 0.5in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)&nbsp;from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock and the Company&rsquo;s securities shall not have been suspended by
the Commission or any principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported
by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades
are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States
or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international
calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable
judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
III</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 80.5pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1&nbsp;<U>Representations
and Warranties of the Company</U>. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part
hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section
of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Subsidiaries</U>.
All of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(a)</U>. The Company owns or controls, directly
or indirectly, the percentage of the capital stock or other equity interests disclosed in <U>Schedule 3.1(a)</U> of each Subsidiary of
the Company free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly
issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>Organization
and Qualification</U>. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority
to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
is in violation or default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational
or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification
necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected
to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material
adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the
Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s ability to perform in any material respect
on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a &ldquo;<U>Material Adverse Effect</U>&rdquo;)
and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail
such power and authority or qualification.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;<U>Authorization;
Enforcement</U>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The
execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further
action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors, a committee of the Board of Directors or the Company&rsquo;s shareholders
in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document
to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with
the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance
with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to
the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution
provisions may be limited by applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;<U>No
Conflicts</U>. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which
it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby
do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s certificate or articles
of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that
with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or
assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti- dilution or similar adjustments,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, Indebtedness or other
instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary Indebtedness or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary
is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required
Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction
of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and
regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses
(ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;<U>Filings,
Consents and Approvals</U>. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to,
or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in
connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required
pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) the filing and approval
of the application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Offered Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner
required thereby and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Required
Approvals</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;<U>Issuance
of the Securities; Registration</U>. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable
Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company.
The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock.. The Company has prepared
and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on March 26, 2021
(the &ldquo;<U>Effective Date</U>&rdquo;), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required
to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending
the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission
and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company,
if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At
the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective as determined under the Securities Act, at the date of
this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material
respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus
and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing
Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain
an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light
of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company was at the time of the filing of the Registration Statement
eligible to use Form S-3. The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 under the Securities Act and it meets the transaction requirements
with respect to the aggregate market value of securities being sold pursuant to this offering and during the twelve (12) months prior
to this offering, as set forth in General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization,
issuance and sale of the Securities has been duly and validly taken. The Offered Securities conform in all material respects to all statements
with respect thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;<U>Capitalization</U>.
The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(g)</U>, which <U>Schedule 3.1(g)</U> shall
also include the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof.
No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents. None of the Securities will be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security
of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
and the Prospectus Supplement, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any
character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving
any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments,
understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock
or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company
or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). Except as disclosed
on <U>Schedule 3.1(g),</U> there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that
adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company
or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or
similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is
or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or
&ldquo;phantom stock&rdquo; plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the
Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state
securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe
for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for
the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no shareholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect
to the Company&rsquo;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the
Company&rsquo;s shareholders.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)&nbsp;<U>SEC
Reports; Financial Statements</U>. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be
filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the three
years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the
foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Registration Statement,
Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the &ldquo;<U>SEC Reports</U>&rdquo;). For the twelve
months preceding the date hereof, the Company has filed the SEC Reports on a timely basis (including any valid extension of such time
of filing provided under Rule 12b-25 or under coronavirus-related relief by the SEC) and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the
expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements
of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of
a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein,
in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company is not and has never been an issuer subject
to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects
with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time
of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied
on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial
statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly
present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof
and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial,
year-end audit adjustments. The selected financial data set forth under the caption &ldquo;Selected Financial Data&rdquo; in the SEC
Reports fairly present, on the basis stated in such SEC Reports, the information included therein. The agreements and documents described
in the Registration Statement and the SEC Reports conform in all material aspects to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there
are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder to be described in the Registration
Statement, the Prospectus or the SEC Reports or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have
not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party
or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement or the SEC Reports, or (ii) is
material to the Company&rsquo;s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in
all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance
with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting
creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal
and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be
subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought. None of such
agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
any other party is in default thereunder and, to the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse
of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. To the best of the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, performance
by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a violation of any existing applicable
law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the
Company or any of its assets or businesses, including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)&nbsp;<U>Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments</U>. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within
the SEC Reports, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports or as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(i)</U>, (i) there has been no event, occurrence
or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred
any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s financial statements pursuant to
GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has
not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its shareholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements
to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director
or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing stock incentive plans, the issuance of Common Stock Equivalents as disclosed in the SEC Reports.
The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance
of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(i)</U>, no event, liability, fact, circumstance,
occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries
or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed
by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed
at least one (1) Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made. Unless otherwise disclosed in an SEC Report filed prior
to the date hereof, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, for
borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in respect to its capital stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)&nbsp;<U>Litigation</U>.
Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(j)</U>, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending
or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties
before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign)
(collectively, an &ldquo;<U>Action</U>&rdquo;). None of the Actions set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(j)</U>, (i) adversely affects or challenges
the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable
decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director
or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities
laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or threatened,
any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. There are no Actions
required to be disclosed in the SEC Reports that have not been disclosed. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order
suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities
Act.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)&nbsp;<U>Labor
Relations</U>. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company,
which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company&rsquo;s or its Subsidiaries&rsquo; employees
is a member of a union that relates to such employee&rsquo;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their
relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary,
is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary
information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third
party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability
with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local
and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours,
except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)&nbsp;<U>Compliance</U>.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived
that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or
any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement
or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default
or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority
or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation
all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality
and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)&nbsp;<U>Environmental
Laws</U>. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution
or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata),
including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or
hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, &ldquo;<U>Hazardous Materials</U>&rdquo;) into the environment, or otherwise relating to
the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as
all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders,
permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (&ldquo;<U>Environmental Laws</U>&rdquo;); (ii) have
received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses;
and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and
(iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)&nbsp;<U>Regulatory
Permits</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, licenses, authorizations approvals, clearances, consents,
registration and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities applicable to the Company
(&ldquo;<U>Applicable Laws</U>&rdquo;) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except
where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (each, an
&ldquo;<U>Authorization</U>&rdquo;), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to
the revocation or modification of any Authorization or the noncompliance with any ordinance, law, rule or regulation applicable to
the Company. The disclosures in the Registration Statement concerning the effects of federal, state, local and all foreign
regulation on the Company&rsquo;s business as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects. The Company is and has
been in material compliance with any term of any such Authorizations, except for any violations which would not reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has not received notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing,
enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any governmental authority or body or third party alleging that any
product, operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations or has any knowledge that any such entity or
third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding, nor, to the
Company&rsquo;s knowledge, has there been any material noncompliance with or violation of any Applicable Laws by the Company that
could reasonably be expected to require the issuance of any such communication or result in an investigation, corrective action, or
enforcement action by any governmental body or entity.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)&nbsp;<U>Title
to Assets</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good
and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in
each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially
interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment
of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of
which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries
are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)&nbsp;<U>Intellectual
Property</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications,
service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights
necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to
so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property Rights</U>&rdquo;). Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated
or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement except
where such action would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received,
since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has
any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights or any of the Company&rsquo;s products or planned products as described in the SEC
Reports violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material
Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement
by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures
to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)&nbsp;<U>Insurance</U>.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in
such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not
limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires
or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)&nbsp;<U>Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees</U>. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3.1(r)</U>, none of the officers or directors of the Company or
any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any
transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract,
agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to
or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director
or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial
interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment
of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other
employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)&nbsp;<U>Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by
the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. Except as set forth in the SEC
Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable
assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations, (ii)
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset
accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization,
and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action
is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and
procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange
Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and forms.
The Company&rsquo;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company
and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such
date, the &ldquo;<U>Evaluation Date</U>&rdquo;). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange
Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their
evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial
reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is
reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its
Subsidiaries.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)&nbsp;<U>Certain
Fees</U>. Other than the compensation payable to the Placement Agent pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agency Agreement and as set
forth in the Prospectus relating to the placement of the Securities, no brokerage or finder&rsquo;s fees or commissions are or will be
payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker,
bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (for the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing
shall not include any fees owed to the Transfer Agent). Other than for Persons engaged by any Purchaser, if any, the Purchasers shall
have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated
in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)&nbsp;<U>Investment
Company</U>. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be
or be an Affiliate of, an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The
Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; subject to registration
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)&nbsp;<U>Registration
Rights</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, no Person has any right to cause the Company or any
Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)&nbsp;<U>Listing
and Maintenance Requirements</U>. The shares of Common Stock are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and
the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Stocks under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating
such registration. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof,
received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not
in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement,
the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing
and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through The Depository Trust Company or
another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to The Depository Trust Company (or such other
established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)&nbsp;<U>Application
of Takeover Protections</U>. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render
inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement)
or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company&rsquo;s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or
the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the
Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a
result of the Company&rsquo;s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers&rsquo; ownership of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(y)&nbsp;<U>Disclosure</U>.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms
that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information
that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus
Supplement. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions
in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company
and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this
Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary
in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press
releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges
and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby
other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(z)&nbsp;<U>No
Integrated Offering</U>. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers&rsquo; representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither
the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or
sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities
to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market
on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aa) <U>Solvency</U>.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the
Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company&rsquo;s assets exceeds
the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company&rsquo;s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company&rsquo;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry
on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular
capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital
availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it
to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts
on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its
ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its
debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or
liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. <U>Schedule
3.1(aa)</U> sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or
for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<U>Indebtedness</U>&rdquo; means
(x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the
ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of
others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto),
except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course
of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in
accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bb)
<U>Tax Status</U>. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a
Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income
and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii)
has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such
returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material
taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material
amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no
basis for any such claim. The term &ldquo;taxes&rdquo; mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross
receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment,
excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges
of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The
term &ldquo;returns&rdquo; means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect
to taxes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(cc)
<U>Foreign Corrupt Practices</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any
agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful
payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate
funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf
of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA. The Company
has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all
material respects with the FCPA.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(dd) <U>Accountants</U>.
The Company&rsquo;s registered independent accounting firm is HTL International, LLC . To the knowledge and belief of the Company,
such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion
with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2023. Enrome, LLP was the previous registered independent accounting firm of the Company. To the knowledge and belief of the
Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its
opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2022. WWC, P.C. was the previous registered independent accounting firm of the Company. To the knowledge and belief of
the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express
its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2021.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ee)
<U>Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers&rsquo; Purchase of Securities</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers
is acting solely in the capacity of an arm&rsquo;s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated
thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar
capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or
any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby
is merely incidental to the Purchasers&rsquo; purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company&rsquo;s
decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the
transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ff) <U>Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser&rsquo;s Trading Activity</U>. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding
(except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.13 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has
been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short,
securities of the Company, or &ldquo;derivative&rdquo; securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the shares of
Common Stock for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including,
without limitation, Short Sales or &ldquo;derivative&rdquo; transactions, before or after the closing of this or future, private,
placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company&rsquo;s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any
Purchaser, and counter-parties in &ldquo;derivative&rdquo; transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or
indirectly, presently may have a &ldquo;short&rdquo; position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to
have any affiliation with or control over any arm&rsquo;s length counter-party in any &ldquo;derivative&rdquo; transaction. The
Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times
during the period that the Securities are outstanding, and (y) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the
existing shareholders&rsquo; equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.
The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction
Documents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(gg) <U>Regulation
M Compliance</U>. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any
action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of,
any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection
with the placement of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(hh)&#9;[<I>Reserved</I><U>]</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
<U>Share Incentive Plans</U>. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company&rsquo;s share incentive plans was granted (i)
in accordance with the terms of the Company&rsquo;s share incentive plans and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair
market value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option
granted under the Company&rsquo;s share incentive plans has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and
has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock
options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial
results or prospects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(jj)
<U>Office of Foreign Assets Control</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any director,
officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (&ldquo;<U>OFAC</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(kk)
<U>U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation</U>. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within
the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser&rsquo;s
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ll)
<U>Bank Holding Company Act</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>BHCA</U>&rdquo;) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
&ldquo;<U>Federal Reserve</U>&rdquo;). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly,
five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity
of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and
to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(mm)
<U>Money Laundering</U>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with
applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended,
applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Money Laundering Laws</U>&rdquo;),
and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company
or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.2&nbsp;<U>Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers</U>. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the
date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate
as of such date):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)&nbsp;<U>Organization;
Authority</U>. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership limited liability company
or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise
to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such
Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership,
limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a
party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute
the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited
by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application
affecting enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance,
injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable
law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)&nbsp;<U>Understandings
or Arrangements</U>. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement
or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty
not limiting such Purchaser&rsquo;s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with
applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)&nbsp;<U>Purchaser
Status</U>. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, it will be either: (i) an
&ldquo;accredited investor&rdquo; as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a &ldquo;qualified
institutional buyer&rdquo; as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)&nbsp;<U>Experience
of Such Purchaser</U>. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience
in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities,
and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the
Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)&nbsp;<U>Access
to Information</U>. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all
exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has
deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering
of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its
financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its
investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without
unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such
Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such
Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired.
Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the
Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such
Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the
Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)&nbsp;<U>Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality</U>. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has
any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or
sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first
received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material pricing
terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of
such Purchaser&rsquo;s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers
managing other portions of such Purchaser&rsquo;s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion
of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other
than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser&rsquo;s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers,
directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of
all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions,
with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)&nbsp;<U>Ownership
of Company Securities</U>. Except as disclosed in writing to the Company as of the date of this Agreement, no Purchaser, any of its Affiliates,
or any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock would be aggregated with the Purchaser&rsquo;s for purposes
of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, including any &ldquo;group&rdquo; of which
the Purchaser is a member, directly or indirectly owns, beneficially or otherwise (including solely with respect to an economic interest),
any of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, or any other shares of capital stock, options, warrants, derivative securities, rights
or any other securities (including any securities convertible into, exchangeable for or that represent the right to receive securities)
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such
Purchaser&rsquo;s right to rely on the Company&rsquo;s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any
representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or
delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any
actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the
future.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
IV&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OTHER
AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1&nbsp;<U>Free
of Legends. The Offered Shares shall be issued free of legends.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2&nbsp;<U>Furnishing
of Information</U>. Until the earliest of the time that no Purchaser owns Securities, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain
extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the
date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3&nbsp;<U>Integration</U>.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in
Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations
of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder
approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction..</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4&nbsp;<U>Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity</U>. The Company shall (a) by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the date following the date hereof issue
a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Report on Form 8-K, including
the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the
issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material,
non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective
officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition,
effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar
obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective
officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the
other hand, shall terminate. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with
respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor
otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any
Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not
unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly
provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company
shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any
regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal
securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such
disclosure is required by law or Trading Market or FINRA regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with
prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5&nbsp;<U>Shareholder
Rights Plan</U>. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser
is an &ldquo;<U>Acquiring Person</U>&rdquo; under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution
under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser
could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents
or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6&nbsp;<U>Non-Public
Information</U>. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its
behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes
constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented to the receipt of such information
and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be
relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company delivers any
material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser&rsquo;s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that
such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers,
directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors,
agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall
remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains,
material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the
Commission pursuant to a Report on Form 6-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing
covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7
<U>Use of Proceeds</U>. Except as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement and on <U>Schedule 4.7</U> attached hereto, the Company shall
use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes and general business purposes and shall not
use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company&rsquo;s Indebtedness (other than payment of trade payables
in the ordinary course of the Company&rsquo;s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any shares of Common Stock or
Common Stock Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8&nbsp;<U>Indemnification
of Purchasers</U>. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its
directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent
role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such
Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers,
shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding
such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a &ldquo;<U>Purchaser
Party</U>&rdquo;) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses,
including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and costs of investigation
that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations,
warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action
instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the
Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party&rsquo;s representations, warranties or
covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such
stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party
which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct), the Company will indemnify each
Purchaser Party, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages,
liabilities, costs (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees) and expenses, as incurred, arising out of or
relating to (i) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in such registration statement, any prospectus
or any form of prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus, or arising out of or relating
to any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in
the case of any prospectus or supplement thereto, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading,
except to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statements or omissions are based solely upon information regarding
such Purchaser Party furnished in writing to the Company by such Purchaser Party expressly for use therein, or (ii) any violation or
alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state securities law, or any rule or regulation
thereunder in connection therewith. If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be
sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the
right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser
Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and
expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has
been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such
defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any
material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be
responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any
Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company&rsquo;s prior written
consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim,
damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party&rsquo;s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or
agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification required by
this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and
when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or
similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to
law.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.9&nbsp;<U>Reservation
of Common Stock</U>. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common
Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue shares of Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.10&nbsp;<U>Listing
of Common Stock</U>. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading
Market on which it is currently listed and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Offered
Shares on such Trading Markets and promptly secure the listing of all of the Offered Shares on such Trading Markets. The Company further
agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application
all of the Offered Shares and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Offered Shares to be listed or quoted on
such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing
and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company&rsquo;s reporting, filing and other
obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic
transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment
of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.11</FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: Red"><B></B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<I>Intentionally Omitted</I><U>]</U></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: -35.95pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.12&nbsp;<U>Equal
Treatment of Purchasers</U>. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any
Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is
also offered to all of the parties to such Transaction Document. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right
granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers
as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition
or voting of the Common Stock or otherwise.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.13&nbsp;<U>Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality</U>. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it
nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short
Sales of any of the Company&rsquo;s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such
time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as
described in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described
in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information
included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the
contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby
that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser
shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable
securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant
to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not
to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as
described in Section 4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle
whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&rsquo;s assets and the portfolio managers have no
direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser&rsquo;s
assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that
made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
V</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">MISCELLANEOUS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.15pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1&nbsp;<U>Termination</U>.
This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser&rsquo;s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever
on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been
consummated on or before the fifth (5<SUP>th</SUP>) Trading Day following the date hereof; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that no such
termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.2&nbsp;<U>Fees
and Expenses</U>. At the Closing, the Company has agreed to pay a cash fee equal to four percent (4.0%) of the aggregate gross proceeds
raised in this transaction. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees
and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident
to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Depositary fees (including,
without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company), stamp taxes and other
taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.3&nbsp;<U>Entire
Agreement</U>. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement,
contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements
and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents,
exhibits and schedules.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.4&nbsp;<U>Notices</U>.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto
at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such
notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on
the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading
Day, (c) the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight
courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices
and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to
any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non- public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the
Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report on Form 6-K.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.5&nbsp;<U>Amendments;
Waivers</U>. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in
the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the Offered Shares based on the
initial Subscription Amounts hereunder or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision
is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers),
the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with
respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver
of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any
party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately,
materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the
other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with
this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.6&nbsp;<U>Headings</U>.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any
of the provisions hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.7&nbsp;<U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser
(other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns
or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities,
by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the &ldquo;Purchasers.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.8&nbsp;<U>No
Third-Party Beneficiaries</U>. The Placement Agent shall be a third-party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company
in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of
the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof
be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.9&nbsp;<U>Governing
Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed
by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts
of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates,
directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with
any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents),
and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the
jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party
hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing
a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect
for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice
thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.
If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the
obligations of the Company under Section 4.7, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing
party for its reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution
of such Action or Proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.10&nbsp;<U>Survival</U>.
The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.11&nbsp;<U>Execution</U>.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement
and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that
the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery
of a &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose
behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; signature page were an original
thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.12&nbsp;<U>Severability</U>.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force
and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts
to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision,
covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or
unenforceable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.13&nbsp;<U>Rescission
and Withdrawal Right</U>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any
of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document
and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind
or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in
whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.14&nbsp;<U>Replacement
of Securities</U>. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall
issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of
and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company
of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable
third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.15&nbsp;<U>Remedies</U>.
In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers
and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may
not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and
hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law
would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.16&nbsp;<U>Payment
Set Aside</U>. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a
Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or
any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or
are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including,
without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such
restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect
as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.17&nbsp;<U>Independent
Nature of Purchasers&rsquo; Obligations and Rights</U>. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several
and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-
performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction
Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership,
an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert
or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be
entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out
of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any
Proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the
Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate
with the Company through Sullivan. Sullivan does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company
has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because
it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in
this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and
the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.18&nbsp;<U>Liquidated
Damages</U>. The Company&rsquo;s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents
is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have
been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts
are due and payable shall have been canceled.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.19&nbsp;<U>Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc.</U> If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted
herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.20&nbsp;<U>Construction</U>.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents
and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall
not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to
share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits,
stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions with respect to the Common Stock that occur after the date of this
Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.21&nbsp;<U>Sales
During Pre-Settlement Period</U>. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of
this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the &ldquo;<U>Pre-Settlement
Period</U>&rdquo;), such Purchaser sells (excluding &ldquo;short sales&rdquo; as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO) to any Person
all, or any portion, of any Shares to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Pre-Settlement
Shares</U>&rdquo;), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company),
be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase, and the Company shall be deemed unconditionally bound to sell, such Pre-Settlement
Shares to such Purchaser at the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such
Purchaser prior to the Company&rsquo;s receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided further that
the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to
whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser shall sell any Shares to any Person and that any such decision to sell
any Shares by such Purchaser shall be made, in the sole discretion of such Purchaser, at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any
such sale, if any.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.22&nbsp;WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH
KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND
EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<I>Signature
Pages Follow</I>]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized
signatories as of the date first indicated above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>GD
    CULTURE GROUP LIMITED</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Address
    for Notice:</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 35%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 8%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; text-align: justify; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in; width: 52%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">22F
    - 810 Seventh Avenue,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; text-align: justify; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">New
    York,&nbsp;NY&nbsp;10019</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Xiao Jian Wang</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:
    </FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention:
    Xiao Jian Wang</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-top: 0in; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
    awang@gdculturegroup.com</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">With
a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ortoli
Rosenstadt LLP&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">366
Madison Avenue, 3<SUP>rd</SUP> Floor, New York, NY 10017</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attn:
Jason Ye, Esq.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Email:
jye@orllp.legal</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[REMAINDER
OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: -71.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[<I>PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>RD SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</I>]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-indent: -71.3pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories
as of the date first indicated above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">Name of Purchaser: &#9;_______________________________________________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0pt 0in"><I>Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser</I>: _________________________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0in">Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="text-indent: 0in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-indent: 0in; margin: 0pt 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title of
Authorized Signatory:</FONT> ________________________________________________________________________</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email Address of
Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________________________</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">Facsimile Number of Authorized
Signatory: _____________________________________________________________</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address
for Notice to Purchaser:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0in; width: 30%; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Subscription Amount:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0in; width: 20%; padding-left: 0in"></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Shares:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in; padding-right: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Beneficial Ownership Blocker:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"></TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Employer Identification Number:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; padding-right: 0in; padding-left: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9744;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to purchase the securities
set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company to sell such securities
to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing shall occur no later
than the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated by
this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above- signed of any
agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be
an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or
the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I></I></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ea020255601ex99-1_gdculture.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRICING PRESS RELEASE DATED MARCH 22, 2024
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.</B>1</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>GD Culture Group Limited Announces Registered
Direct Offering</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NEW YORK, <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">March
22,</FONT> 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- GD Culture Group Limited (&ldquo;GDC&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) (Nasdaq: GDC), a holding
company currently conducting business through its operating subsidiary, AI Catalysis Corp. (&ldquo;AI Catalysis&rdquo;), today announced
that it had entered into a definitive agreement with several investors for the purchase and sale of an aggregate of <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">810,277
</FONT>shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, at a purchase price of $<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1.144</FONT> per share
in a registered direct offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company are
expected to be approximately $<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">926,957. </FONT>The transactions are expected to close on or about
<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">March 26</FONT>, 2024, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Univest Securities, LLC is acting as the sole
placement agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Shares have been registered and the offering
is being made pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">333-254366</FONT>)
previously filed and declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (&ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) on March 26, 2021. A final
prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus describing the terms of the proposed offering will be filed with the SEC and will be
available on the SEC&rsquo;s website located at http://www.sec.gov. Electronic copies of the final prospectus supplement and the accompanying
prospectus may be obtained, when available, by contacting Univest Securities, LLC at info@univest.us, or by calling +1 (212) 343-8888.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This press release does not constitute an offer
to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor will there be any sales of such securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer,
solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. Copies of
the prospectus supplement relating to the registered direct offering, together with the accompanying base prospectus, can be obtained
at the SEC&rsquo;s website at www.sec.gov.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>About GD Culture Group Limited.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">GD Culture Group Limited (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;)
(Nasdaq: GDC), is a Nevada holding company currently conducting business through its operating subsidiary AI Catalysis Corp. (&ldquo;AI
Catalysis&rdquo;). The company plans to enter into the livestreaming market with focus on e-commerce and livestreaming interactive games
through its wholly owned U.S. subsidiary, AI Catalysis, a Nevada corporation incorporated in May 2023. The Company&rsquo;s main businesses
include AI-driven digital human technology, live-streaming e-commerce business and live streaming interactive game. For more information,
please visit the Company&rsquo;s website at https://www.gdculturegroup.com/.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This press release contains forward-looking statements,
including information about the expected timing of closing and the use of proceeds from the offering, within the meaning of the safe harbor
provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact in this announcement
are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors which
may cause the results of Company to be materially different than those expressed or implied in such statements. Certain of these risk
factors and others are included in documents Company files with the SEC, including but not limited to, Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as subsequent reports filed with the SEC. Other unknown or unpredictable factors
also could have material adverse effects on Company&rsquo;s future results. Investors can identify these forward-looking statements by
words or phrases such as &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo; &ldquo;aim,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimate,&rdquo;
&ldquo;intend,&rdquo; &ldquo;plan,&rdquo; &ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;is/are likely to&rdquo; or
other similar expressions. The forward-looking statements included in this press release are made only as of the date hereof. The Company
cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements and undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking
statements to reflect subsequent occurring events or circumstances, or changes in its expectations, except as may be required by law.
Although the Company believes that the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot assure you
that such expectations will turn out to be correct, and the Company cautions investors that actual results may differ materially from
the anticipated results.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>For investor and media inquiries, please contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Ascent Investor Relations LLC</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Tina Xiao</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Phone: +1-646-932-7242</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Email: investors@ascent-ir.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>gdc-20240322.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL SCHEMA FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.22a -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: 8qI5s7xRiXgen8uOYHxcWaWEWcP9zp5yKZlBvGd9HRkazysll2GunSyd6vYGUaYA -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" xmlns:GDC="http://ccnctech.com/20240322" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://ccnctech.com/20240322">
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          <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-types-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-types-2023.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>gdc-20240322_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>gdc-20240322_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140639365849920">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 22, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Mar. 22,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37513<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">GD
Culture Group Limited<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001641398<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">47-3709051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">c/o GD Culture Group Limited<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">22F - 810 Seventh Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">New York<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">10019<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">+1-347<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">2590292<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">GDC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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