<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001213900-25-042662.txt : 20250513
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250513161510
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001213900-25-042662
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250511
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250513
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250513

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			GD Culture Group Ltd
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001641398
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	WHOLESALE-METALS, MINERALS (NO PETROLEUM) [5050]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	07 Trade & Services
		EIN:				473709051
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NV
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-37513
		FILM NUMBER:		25940300

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22F-810 SEVENTH AVENUE
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10019
		BUSINESS PHONE:		1-347-259-0292

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22F-810 SEVENTH AVENUE
		CITY:			NEW YORK
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10019

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	Code Chain New Continent Ltd
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20200518

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	TMSR HOLDING Co Ltd
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20180207

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	JM Global Holding Co
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20150505
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Washington, D.C. 20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the<br/>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>(Company&#8217;s Telephone number, including
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K
filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the Company under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction
A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
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Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Item 1.01 Entry Into a Material Definitive
Agreement</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">On May 11, 2025, GD Culture Group Limited. (the
&#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Agreement&#8221;) with an investor (the &#8220;Investor&#8221;).
Under the Agreement, the Company shall have the right to require the Investor to purchase, from time to time, up to a cumulative total
of $300,000,000 worth of the Company&#8217;s common stock.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Under the Agreement, the Company shall have
the right, from time to time, during the period from the date of the Agreement to the earlier of (i) the date on which the Investor
shall have purchased $300,000,000 worth of the Company&#8217;s common stock or (ii) the second (2nd ) anniversary of the date of the
Agreement, to send the Investor a purchase notice (the &#8220;Purchase Notice&#8221;) requiring the Investor to purchase common
stock of the Company. The purchase price for the common stock shall be equal to 90% of the lowest daily VWAP for the Company&#8217;s
common stock during the five (5)&#160;consecutive business day period prior to, and including the Purchase Notice Date (defined as
the same day that the Purchase Notice is sent if the Purchase Notice is received after 4:00 p.m.&#160;New York time by email by the
Investor and before 7:00 p.m.&#160;New York time, or the following business day if the Purchase Notice is received after 7:00
p.m.&#160;New York time), but shall in no event be lower than $0.44.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Investor&#8217;s obligation to purchase common
stock under the Agreement is subject to certain conditions and limitations, including the following:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</td><td style="text-align: justify"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All shares to be issued under the Agreement must be covered by an effective
registration statement and the Company must, within 45 days after the date of the Agreement, register its sale of common stock to the
Investor under the Agreement via a registration statement on Form S-1;</p></td>
</tr></table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</td><td style="text-align: justify">The Company&#8217;s ability to require the Investor&#8217;s
purchase of common stock under the Agreement will be limited such that the Company may not require any purchase by the Investor to the
extent that such purchase would result in the Investor beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the Company&#8217;s common stock immediately
thereafter; and</td>
</tr></table>

<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<td style="width: 0.25in"/><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">&#9679;</td><td style="text-align: justify">The Company may not issue more than 3,357,407 shares of common
stock to the Investor (equal to 19.99% of the Company&#8217;s outstanding shares of common stock on the date of the Agreement) unless
or until shareholder approval of such issuances is obtained.</td>
</tr></table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company may terminate the Agreement at any time (i) in the event of a material breach of the Agreement by the Investor or (ii) provided
that a written notice is delivered to the Investor 10 days in advance.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Company plans to use proceeds from the offering,
if any, to invest in Bitcoin and OFFICIAL TRUMP and for general corporate purposes.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The common stock will be issued and sold by the Company to the Investor
pursuant to a registration statement effective under the&#160;Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8220;) or,
if there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for the issuance of the common stock issuable
pursuant to the Agreement, in reliance upon the exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act afforded by Section
4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The foregoing description of the Agreement is
qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of such agreement, a copy of which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1 and is incorporated
herein in its entirety by reference. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Agreement were made only for purposes
of the Agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreements and may be subject to limitations
agreed upon by the contracting parties. A copy of the press release related to the Offering entitled &#8220;GD Culture Group Limited Announces
$300 Million Funding Commitment to Build Cryptocurrency Reserve of Bitcoin and Trump Coin&#8221; is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 hereto and
is incorporated by reference herein.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">This Current Report on Form 8-K shall not constitute
an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any state or jurisdiction
in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any
such state or other jurisdiction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The information contained in this Current Report
on Form 8-K of the Company, are hereby incorporated by reference into the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No.
333-279141) and Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-252790).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d) Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

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    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 90%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1</span></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea024182001ex10-1_gdculture.htm">Form of Securities Purchase Agreement</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ea024182001ex99-1_gdculture.htm">Press Release - GD Culture Group Limited Announces $300 Million Funding Commitment to Build Cryptocurrency Reserve of Bitcoin and Trump Coin, dated May 12, 2025</a></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto
duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

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    <td colspan="2" style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>GD Culture Group Limited</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
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  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
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    <td style="width: 5%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; width: 35%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>/s/ Xiao Jian Wang</i></span></td></tr>
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    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&#160;</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Xiao Jian Wang</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Chief Executive Officer, President and<br/>
Chairman of the Board of Directors</span></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>ea024182001ex10-1_gdculture.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM OF SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 10.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>COMMON STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">This Common Stock Purchase
Agreement (this &ldquo;<B><U>Agreement</U></B>&rdquo;) is entered into effective as May 11, 2025 (the &ldquo;<B><U>Execution Date</U></B>&rdquo;),
by and between GD Culture Group Limited, a Nevada corporation (the &ldquo;<B><U>Company</U></B>&rdquo;), and [_____], a [_____] limited
liability company (the &ldquo;<B><U>Investor</U></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>WHEREAS</B>, the parties
desire that, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, the Investor shall purchase, from time to time, as provided
herein, and the Company shall issue and sell up to Three Hundred Million Dollars ($300,000,000) of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock (as
defined below);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>WHEREAS</B>, such sales
of Common Stock by the Company to the Investor will be made in reliance upon the exemption provided by Section&nbsp;4(a)(2)&nbsp;of the
Securities Act (&ldquo;<B><U>Section&nbsp;4(a)(2)</U></B>&rdquo;) and Rule&nbsp;506(b)&nbsp;of Regulation D, and upon such other exemption
from the registration requirements of the Securities Act as may be available with respect to any or all of the issuances and sales of
Common Stock by the Company to the Investor to be made hereunder; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>NOW, THEREFORE</B>, the
parties hereto agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;I</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CERTAIN
DEFINITIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;1.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&nbsp;<U>DEFINED
TERMS</U></B>. As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings specified or indicated (such meanings
to be equally applicable to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Agreement</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in the preamble hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Average Daily
Trading Volume</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean the median daily trading volume of the Company&rsquo;s Common Stock over the most recent five
(5)&nbsp;Business Days immediately preceding the date of delivery of a Purchase Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Bankruptcy Law</U></B>&rdquo;
means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Beneficial Ownership
Limitation</U></B>&rdquo; shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;7.2(g)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Business Day</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean a day on which the Principal Market shall be open for business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Claim Notice</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.3(a)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Closing</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the closing of a purchase and sale of shares of Common Stock as described in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.1</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Commitment Amount</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean Three Hundred Million Dollars ($300,000,000).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Commitment Period</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the period commencing on the Execution Date and ending on the earlier of (i)&nbsp;the date on which the Investor shall have
purchased an aggregate number of Purchase Notice Shares pursuant to this Agreement equal to the Commitment Amount or (ii)&nbsp;the second
(2<SUP>nd</SUP>) anniversary of the Execution Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Common Stock</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and any shares of any other class of common shares
whether now or hereafter authorized, having the right to participate in the distribution of dividends (as and when declared) and assets
(upon liquidation of the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Common Stock
Equivalents</U></B>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company entitling the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including,
without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Company</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in the preamble to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Custodian</U></B>&rdquo;
means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Current Report</U></B>&rdquo;
has the meaning set forth in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;6.2</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Damages</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean any loss, claim, damage, liability, cost and expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and disbursements
and costs and expenses of expert witnesses and investigation).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Designated Brokerage
Account</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean the brokerage account provided by the Investor for the delivery of the applicable Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>DTC</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean The Depository Trust Company, or any successor performing substantially the same function for the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>DTC/FAST Program</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the DTC&rsquo;s Fast Automated Securities Transfer Program.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>DWAC</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean Deposit Withdrawal at Custodian as defined by the DTC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>DWAC Eligible</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean that (a)&nbsp;the Common Stock is eligible at DTC for full services pursuant to DTC&rsquo;s Operational Arrangements, including,
without limitation, transfer through DTC&rsquo;s DWAC system, (b)&nbsp;the Company has been approved (without revocation) by the DTC&rsquo;s
underwriting department, (c)&nbsp;the Transfer Agent is approved as an agent in the DTC/FAST Program, (d)&nbsp;the Securities are otherwise
eligible for delivery via DWAC, and (e)&nbsp;the Transfer Agent does not have a policy prohibiting or limiting delivery of the Securities,
as applicable, via DWAC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>DWAC Shares</U></B>&rdquo;
means shares of Common Stock that are (i)&nbsp;issued in electronic form, (ii)&nbsp;freely tradable and transferable and without restriction
on resale and (iii)&nbsp;timely credited by the Company to the Investor&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s specified DWAC account with DTC
under the DTC/FAST Program, or any similar program hereafter adopted by DTC performing substantially the same function.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Exchange Act</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Exchange Cap</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning set forth in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;7.1(d)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Execution Date</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning set forth in the first paragraph of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>First Commitment
Shares Valuation Date</U></B>&rdquo; means for the First Commitment Tranche, the Business Day prior to the filing of the initial Registration
Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase
Closing Date</U></B>&rdquo; shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2(d)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase
Investment Amount</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean the applicable Purchase Notice Shares referenced in the Fixed Purchase Notice multiplied by
the Fixed Purchase Price.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase
Notice</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean the closing of a purchase and sale of shares of Common Stock as described in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase
Notice Date</U></B>&rdquo; shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2(c)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase
Price</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean the product of (i)&nbsp;the lowest daily VWAP of the Common Stock during the Fixed Purchase Valuation
Period and (ii) ninety percent (90%), but in no event shall be lower than $0.44.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase
Valuation Period</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean the five (5)&nbsp;consecutive Business Day period prior to, and including the Fixed Purchase
Notice Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Indemnified Party</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.1</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Indemnifying
Party</U></B>&rdquo; shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.1</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Indemnity Notice</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.3(b)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Investment Amount</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the gross price of the Purchase Notice Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Investor</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in the preamble to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Irrevocable Transfer
Agent Instructions</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean a signed form of irrevocable transfer agent instructions, substantially in the form of Exhibit&nbsp;B
attached hereto, instructing the Transfer Agent to promptly deliver any Purchase Notice Shares to the Investor upon the Transfer Agent&rsquo;s
receipt of the copy of a Purchase Notice from the Company, without further instruction from the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Lien</U></B>&rdquo;
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Material Adverse
Effect</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean any effect on the business, operations, properties, or financial condition of the Company that is material
and adverse to the Company and/or any condition, circumstance, or situation that would prohibit or otherwise materially interfere with
the ability of the Company to enter into and perform its obligations under any Transaction Document.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Minimum Price</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;7.1(d)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>OTC Blackout</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean any calendar day that the Common Stock is not listed on a national securities exchange that is registered with the SEC under
Section&nbsp;6 of the Exchange Act (such as NASDAQ), and the Principal Market is an over-the-counter market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Person</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean an individual, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a trust or other entity or organization, including a government
or political subdivision or an agency or instrumentality thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>PEA Period</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the period commencing at 9:30 a.m., New York City time, on the fifth (5th)&nbsp;Business Day immediately prior to the filing
of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any new registration statement, or any annual and quarterly report, and
ending at 9:30 a.m., New York City time, on the Business Day immediately following (i)&nbsp;the effective date of such post-effective
amendment of the Registration Statement or such new registration statement, or (ii)&nbsp;the date of filing of such annual and quarterly
report, as applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Principal Market</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean any of the national exchanges (i.e. NYSE, AMEX, Nasdaq) or other principal exchange or recognized quotation system which is
at the time the principal trading platform or market for the Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Purchase</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean a purchase of Purchase Notice Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Purchase Notice</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean a written notice from Company, substantially in the form of&nbsp;<U>Exhibit&nbsp;A</U>&nbsp;attached hereto (a &ldquo;<B><U>Fixed
Purchase Notice Form</U></B>&rdquo;), to the Investor and the Transfer Agent setting forth the Purchase Notice Shares which the Company
requires the Investor to purchase pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Purchase Notice
Shares</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean all shares of Common Stock that the Company shall be entitled to issue as set forth in all applicable
Purchase Notices in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Registration
Statement</U></B>&rdquo; shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;6.3</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Regulation D</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Rule&nbsp;144</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean Rule&nbsp;144 under the Securities Act or any similar provision then in force under the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>SEC</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>SEC Documents</U></B>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning specified in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;4.5</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Securities</U></B>&rdquo;
mean the Purchase Notice Shares issued to the Investor by the Company pursuant to this Agreement and the Commitment Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Securities Act</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Subsidiary</U></B>&rdquo;
means any Person the Company wholly-owns or controls, or in which the Company, directly or indirectly, owns a majority of the voting stock
or similar voting interest, in each case that would be disclosable pursuant to Item 601(b)(21) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the
Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Termination</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean any termination outlined in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;10.5</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Transaction Documents</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean this Agreement and all schedules and exhibits hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Transfer Agent</U></B>&rdquo;
shall mean the transfer agent of the Company as of the Execution Date and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>VWAP</U></B>&rdquo;
means, for any security as of any date, the dollar volume-weighted average price for such security on the Principal Market (or, if the
Principal Market is not the principal trading market for such security, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market
on which such security is then traded), during the period beginning at 9:30 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00 p.m., New York time,
as reported by &nbsp;Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)) or,
if the foregoing does not apply, the dollar volume-weighted average price of such security in the over-the-counter market on the electronic
bulletin board for such security during the period beginning at 9:30 a.m., New York time, and ending at 4:00 p.m., New York time, as reported
by Bloomberg, or, if no dollar volume-weighted average price is reported for such security by Bloomberg for such hours, the average of
the highest closing bid price and the lowest closing ask price of any of the market makers for such security as reported in the &ldquo;pink
sheets&rdquo; by OTC Markets Group Inc. (formerly Pink Sheets LLC). If the VWAP cannot be calculated for such security on such date on
any of the foregoing bases, the VWAP of such security on such date shall be the fair market value as mutually determined by the Company
and the Investor. If the Company and the Investor are unable to agree upon the fair market value of such security, then such dispute shall
be resolved in accordance with the procedures in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;10.16</U>. All such determinations shall be appropriately adjusted
for any share dividend, share split, share combination, recapitalization or other similar transaction during such period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;II</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>PURCHASE
AND SALE OF COMMON STOCK</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;2.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>PURCHASE
NOTICES</U></B>. Upon the terms and conditions set forth herein (including, without limitation, the provisions of&nbsp;<U>Article&nbsp;VII</U>),
the Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to require the Investor, by its delivery to the Investor of a Purchase Notice,
from time to time, with a copy to the Transfer Agent, to purchase Purchase Notice Shares provided that the amount of Purchase Notice Shares
shall not exceed the applicable purchase notice limit or the Beneficial Ownership Limitation set forth in&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;7.2(g)</U>,
(each such purchase, a &ldquo;<B><U>Closing</U></B>&rdquo;). The Company may not deliver a subsequent Purchase Notice until five (5)&nbsp;Business
Days following the Closing of an active Purchase Notice, except if waived by the Investor in writing. Furthermore, the Company shall not
deliver any Purchase Notices to the Investor during the PEA Period.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;2.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>MECHANICS</U></B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>FIXED
PURCHASE NOTICE</U></B>. At any time and from time to time during the Commitment Period, except during an OTC Blackout and except as otherwise
provided in this Agreement, the Company may deliver a Fixed Purchase Notice to Investor, the&nbsp;conditions set forth in&nbsp;<U>Article&nbsp;VII</U>&nbsp;and
otherwise provided herein. The Company shall provide the Transfer Agent with a copy of such Fixed Purchase Notice concurrently with its
delivery to the Investor. The Company shall deliver the applicable Purchase Notice Shares as DWAC Shares to the Designated Brokerage Account
alongside the delivery of the Fixed Purchase Notice. A Fixed Purchase Notice shall be deemed delivered on the Business Day that the applicable
Fixed Purchase Notice Form&nbsp;is received after 4:00 p.m.&nbsp;New York time by email by the Investor and before 7:00 p.m.&nbsp;New
York time (the &ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase Notice Date</U></B>&rdquo;). If the applicable Fixed Purchase Notice Form&nbsp;is received
after 7:00 p.m.&nbsp;New York time, the Fixed Purchase Notice shall be cancelled, unless waived by Investor in writing.&nbsp;On the Business
Day following the Fixed Purchase Notice Date, the Company shall promptly instruct the Transfer Agent to the deliver via DWAC the applicable
Purchase Notice Shares to the Investor&rsquo;s Designated Brokerage Account. Each party shall use its commercially reasonable efforts
to perform or fulfill all conditions and obligations to be performed or fulfilled by it under this Agreement so that the transactions
contemplated hereby shall be consummated as soon as practicable. Each party also agrees that it shall use its commercially reasonable
efforts to take, or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable under applicable
laws and regulations to consummate and make effective&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;2.2(c)</U>&nbsp;of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated
herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>FIXED
PURCHASE CLOSING</U></B>. The Closing of a Fixed Purchase Notice shall occur within two (2)&nbsp;Business Day following the Fixed Purchase
Notice Date (the &ldquo;<B><U>Fixed Purchase Closing Date</U></B>&rdquo;); whereby the Investor shall deliver to the Company, by 5:00
p.m.&nbsp;New York time,&nbsp;the Fixed Purchase Investment Amount by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated
by the Company provided that the Investor has received the applicable Purchase Notice Shares as DWAC Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;III</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF INVESTOR</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Investor represents and
warrants to the Company that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>INTENT</U></B>.
The Investor is entering into this Agreement for its own account and the Investor has no present arrangement (whether or not legally binding)
at any time to sell the Securities to or through any Person in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities laws;&nbsp;<U>provided</U>,&nbsp;<U>however</U>,
that the Investor reserves the right to dispose of the Securities at any time in accordance with federal and state securities laws applicable
to such disposition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NO
LEGAL ADVICE FROM THE COMPANY</U></B>. The Investor acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review this Agreement and the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement with its own legal counsel and investment and tax advisors. The Investor is relying solely on such counsel
and advisors and not on any statements or representations of the Company or any of its representatives or agents for legal, tax or investment
advice with respect to this investment, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the securities laws of any jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ACCREDITED
INVESTOR</U></B>. The Investor is an accredited investor as defined in Rule&nbsp;501(a)(3)&nbsp;of Regulation D, and the Investor has
such experience in business and financial matters that it is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Securities.
The Investor acknowledges that an investment in the Securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>AUTHORITY</U></B>.
The Investor has the requisite power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents and to consummate
the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and the consummation by it of
the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action and no further consent or authorization
of the Investor is required. The Transaction Documents to which it is a party has been duly executed by the Investor, and when delivered
by the Investor in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Investor enforceable against
it in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally the
enforcement of, creditors&rsquo; rights and remedies or by other equitable principles of general application.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NOT
AN AFFILIATE</U></B>. The Investor is not an officer, director, or &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo; (as that term is defined in Rule&nbsp;405 of
the Securities Act) of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ORGANIZATION
AND STANDING</U></B>. The Investor is an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the
jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation&nbsp;with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power
and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ABSENCE
OF CONFLICTS</U></B>. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby
and thereby and compliance with the requirements hereof and thereof, will not (a)&nbsp;violate any law, rule, regulation, order, writ,
judgment, injunction, decree or award binding on the Investor, (b)&nbsp;violate any provision of any indenture, instrument or agreement
to which the Investor is a party or is subject, or by which the Investor or any of its assets is bound, or conflict with or constitute
a material default thereunder, (c)&nbsp;result in the creation or imposition of any lien pursuant to the terms of any such indenture,
instrument or agreement, or constitute a breach of any fiduciary duty owed by the Investor to any third party, or (d)&nbsp;require the
approval of any third-party (that has not been obtained) pursuant to any material contract, instrument, agreement, relationship or legal
obligation to which the Investor is subject or to which any of its assets, operations or management may be subject.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>DISCLOSURE;
ACCESS TO INFORMATION</U></B>. The Investor had an opportunity to review copies of the SEC Documents filed on behalf of the Company and
has had access to all publicly available information with respect to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;3.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>MANNER
OF SALE</U></B>. At no time was the Investor presented with or solicited by or through any leaflet, public promotional meeting, television
advertisement or any other form of general solicitation or advertising.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;IV</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Except as set forth in the
SEC Documents, which SEC Documents shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein, the Company
represents and warrants to the Investor, as of the Execution Date, that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ORGANIZATION
OF THE COMPANY</U></B>. The Company is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under
the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties
and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. The Company is not in violation or default of any of the provisions of
its certificate of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. The Company is duly qualified to conduct business
and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned
by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not
have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect and no proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking,
limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification. The Company has no Subsidiaries.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>AUTHORITY</U></B>.
The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under the Transaction Documents.
The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby
and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and no further consent or authorization of the Company or its
Board of Directors or stockholders is required. The Transaction Documents have been duly executed and delivered by the Company and constitutes
a valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as such enforceability
may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, or similar laws relating to, or affecting generally the enforcement of, creditors&rsquo;
rights and remedies or by other equitable principles of general application.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>CAPITALIZATION</U></B>.
As of the Execution Date, the Company is authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock and the Company has 16,795,433 shares
of common stock issued and outstanding as of the Execution Date.&nbsp;Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company has not issued
any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee
stock options under the Company&rsquo;s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s
employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of
the periodic report filed under the Exchange Act. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, no Person has any right of first refusal,
preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments
of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or
giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements
by which the Company is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. Except as set forth
in the SEC Documents, the issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities
to any Person (other than the Investor) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion,
exchange or reset price under any of such securities. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, there are no stockholders agreements,
voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company&rsquo;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to
the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company&rsquo;s stockholders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>LISTING
AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS</U></B>. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section&nbsp;12(b)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act. Except as
set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company has not, in the twelve (12)&nbsp;months preceding the Execution Date, received notice from
the Principal Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with
the listing or maintenance requirements of such Principal Market. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, the Company is and has no
reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>SEC
DOCUMENTS; DISCLOSURE</U></B>. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed
by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a)&nbsp;thereof, for the one (1)&nbsp;year
preceding the Execution Date (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing
materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the
&ldquo;<B><U>SEC Documents</U></B>&rdquo;). As of their respective dates, the SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the
requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and other federal laws, rules&nbsp;and regulations applicable
to such SEC Documents, and none of the SEC Documents when filed contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state
a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents comply as to form and substance
in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the published rules&nbsp;and regulations of the SEC or other applicable
rules&nbsp;and regulations with respect thereto. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except (a)&nbsp;as may be otherwise indicated in such financial
statements or the notes thereto or (b)&nbsp;in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may not include footnotes
or may be condensed or summary statements) and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of the
dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to
normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments). Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided the Investor
or its agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information. The Company
understands and confirms that the Investor will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>VALID
ISSUANCES</U></B>. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents,
will be duly and validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions
on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NO
CONFLICTS</U></B>. The execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company
of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including, without limitation, the issuance of the Purchase Notice Shares, do not
and will not: (a)&nbsp;result in a violation of the Company&rsquo;s certificate or articles of incorporation, by-laws or other organizational
or charter documents, (b)&nbsp;conflict with, or constitute a material default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both
would become a material default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company, or give
to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture, instrument or any &ldquo;<U>lock-up</U>&rdquo;
or similar provision of any underwriting or similar agreement to which the Company is a party, or (c)&nbsp;result in a violation of any
federal, state or local law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws and regulations)
applicable to the Company or by which any property or asset of the Company is bound or affected (except for such conflicts, defaults,
terminations, amendments, accelerations, cancellations and violations as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect) nor is the Company otherwise in violation of, conflict with or in default under any of the foregoing. The business of
the Company is not being conducted in violation of any law, ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity, except for possible violations
that either singly or in the&nbsp;aggregate do not and will not have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not required under federal,
state or local law, rule&nbsp;or regulation to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with,
any court or governmental agency in order for it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under the Transaction Documents
(other than any SEC or state securities filings that may be required to be made by the Company in connection with the issuance of Purchase
Notice Shares or subsequent to any Closing or any registration statement that may be filed pursuant hereto); provided that, for purposes
of the representation made in this sentence, the Company is assuming and relying upon the accuracy of the relevant representations and
agreements of Investor herein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NO
MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT</U></B>. No event has occurred that would have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company that has not been disclosed
in subsequent SEC Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>LITIGATION
AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS</U></B>. Except as disclosed in the SEC Documents, there are no material actions, suits, investigations, inquiries
or similar proceedings (however any governmental agency may name them) pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against
or affecting the Company or its properties, nor has the Company received any written or oral notice of any such action, suit, proceeding,
inquiry or investigation, which would have a Material Adverse Effect. No judgment, order, writ, injunction or decree or award has been
issued by or, to the knowledge of the Company, requested of any court, arbitrator or governmental agency which would have a Material Adverse
Effect. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the SEC involving
the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>REGISTRATION
RIGHTS</U></B>. Except as set forth in the SEC Documents, no Person (other than the Investor) has any right to cause the Company to effect
the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REGARDING INVESTOR&rsquo;S PURCHASE OF SECURITIES</U></B>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Investor is acting solely in the
capacity of an arm&rsquo;s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby
and that the Investor is not (i)&nbsp;an officer or director of the Company, or (ii)&nbsp;an &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;144)
of the Company. The Company further acknowledges that the Investor is not acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or
in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and any advice
given by the Investor or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby is merely incidental to the Investor&rsquo;s purchase of the Purchase Notice Shares. The Company further represents
to the Investor that the Company&rsquo;s decision to enter into the Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation
by the Company and its representatives.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NO
GENERAL SOLICITATION</U></B>. Neither the Company, nor any Person acting on its behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation
or general advertising (within the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities act) in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.13&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NO
INTEGRATED OFFERING</U></B>. Except as set forth on the SEC Documents, none of the Company, its affiliates, and any Person acting on their
behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances
that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings for purposes of any applicable stockholder approval
provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules&nbsp;and regulations of any exchange or automated quotation system on which
any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated, but excluding stockholder consents required to authorize and issue the
Securities or waive any anti-dilution provisions in connection therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;4.14&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>OTHER
COVERED PERSONS</U></B>. The Company is not aware of any Person that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for
solicitation of the Investor in connection with the sale of any Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;V</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>COVENANTS
OF INVESTOR</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;5.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>SHORT
SALES AND CONFIDENTIALITY</U></B>. Neither the Investor, nor any affiliate of the Investor acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding
with it, will execute any Short Sales&nbsp;during the period from the Execution Date to the end of the Commitment Period. For the purposes
hereof, and in accordance with Regulation SHO, the sale after delivery of the Purchase Notices of such number of shares of Common Stock
purchased under the applicable Purchase Notice shall not be deemed a Short Sale. The parties acknowledge and agree that during the Rapid
Closing Date and Fixed Purchase Valuation Period, the Investor may contract for, or otherwise effect, the resale of the subject purchased
Purchase Notice Shares to third-parties. The Investor shall, until such time as the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents
are publicly disclosed by the Company in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents, maintain the confidentiality of the existence
and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Transaction Documents. &ldquo;Short Sales&rdquo; shall mean &ldquo;short
sales&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;200 promulgated under Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;5.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>COMPLIANCE
WITH LAW; TRADING IN SECURITIES</U></B>. The Investor&rsquo;s trading activities with respect to shares of Common Stock will be in compliance
with all applicable state and federal securities laws and regulations and the rules&nbsp;and regulations of FINRA and the Principal Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;VI</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>COVENANTS
OF THE COMPANY</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;6.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>LISTING
OF COMMON STOCK</U></B>. The Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain, so long as any shares of Common Stock shall
be so listed, the listing, if required, of all such Common Stock on the Principal Market from time to time issuable hereunder. The Company
shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to continue the listing or quotation and trading of the Common Stock on the Principal Market
(including, without limitation, maintaining sufficient net tangible assets, if required) and will comply in all respects with the Company&rsquo;s
reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules&nbsp;of the Principal Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;6.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>FILING
OF CURRENT REPORT</U></B>. The Company agrees that it shall file a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K (or Form&nbsp;6-K), including the Transaction
Documents as exhibits thereto, with the SEC within the time required by the Exchange Act, relating to the execution of the transactions
contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions of, the Transaction Documents (the &ldquo;<B><U>Current Report</U></B>&rdquo;).
The Company shall permit the Investor to review and comment upon the final pre-filing draft version of the Current Report at least two
(2)&nbsp;Business Days prior to its filing with the SEC, and the Company shall give reasonable consideration to all such comments. The
Investor shall use its reasonable best efforts to comment upon the final pre-filing draft version of the Current Report within one (1)&nbsp;Business
Day from the date the Investor receives it from the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;6.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>FILING
OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT</U></B>. The Company shall file with the SEC, within forty-five (45)&nbsp;days after the Execution Date, a new
Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-1 (the &ldquo;<B><U>Registration Statement</U></B>&rdquo;), covering the Securities to be sold to
the Investor. The Registration Statement shall relate to the transactions contemplated by, and describing the material terms and conditions
of, this Agreement and disclosing all information relating to the transactions contemplated hereby required to be disclosed in the Registration
Statement and the prospectus supplement as of the date of the Registration Statement, including, without limitation, information required
to be disclosed in the section captioned &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in the Registration Statement. The Company shall permit the
Investor to review and comment upon the Registration Statement within a reasonable time prior to their filing with the SEC, the Company
shall give reasonable consideration to all such comments, and the Company shall not file the Current Report or the Registration Statement
with the SEC in a form to which the Investor reasonably objects. The Investor shall furnish to the Company such information regarding
itself, the Company&rsquo;s securities beneficially owned by the Investor and the intended method of distribution thereof, including any
arrangement between the Investor and any other person or relating to the sale or distribution of the Company&rsquo;s securities, as shall
be reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of the Current Report and the Registration Statement,
and shall otherwise cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of
the Current Report and the Registration Statement with the SEC. The Company shall have no knowledge of any untrue statement (or alleged
untrue statement) of a material fact or omission (or alleged omission) of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in any pre-existing registration
statement filed or any new registration statement or prospectus which is a part of the foregoing. The Company shall promptly give the
Investor notice&nbsp;of any event (including the passage of time) which makes the final prospectus not to be in compliance with Section&nbsp;5(b)&nbsp;or
10 of the Securities Act and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts thereafter to file with the SEC any Post-Effective Amendment
to the Registration Statement, amended prospectus or prospectus supplement in order to comply with Section&nbsp;5(b)&nbsp;or 10 of the
Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;6.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><I><U>[Reserved]</U></I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;6.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NON-PUBLIC
INFORMATION</U></B>. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
which shall be disclosed pursuant to&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;6.2</U>&nbsp;and otherwise provided herein, the Company covenants and agrees
that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide the Investor or its agents or counsel with any information that
constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto the Investor shall
have consented in writing to the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company
understands and confirms that the Investor shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.
To the extent that the Company delivers any material, non-public information to the Investor without such prior written consent, the Company
hereby covenants and agrees that the Investor shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any
of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or affiliates, not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information,
provided that the Investor shall remain subject to applicable law. The Company represents that as of the Execution Date, except with respect
to the material terms and conditions of the transaction contemplated by the Transaction Documents, neither it nor any other Person acting
on its behalf has previously provided the Investor or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably
believes constitutes, material non-public information. After the Execution Date, to the extent that any notice or communication made by
the Company, or information provided by the Company, to the Investor constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding
the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice or other material information with the SEC pursuant
to a Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K. The Company understands and confirms that the Investor shall be relying on the foregoing covenant
in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. In addition to any other remedies provided by this Agreement or other Transaction
Documents, if the Company provides any material, non-public information to the Investor without its prior written consent, and it fails
to promptly (no later than by 9:00 am New York City time the next Business Day) file a Form&nbsp;8-K (or Form&nbsp;6-K) disclosing this
material, non-public information, it shall pay the Investor as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty a sum equal to $1,000 per
day beginning with the day the information is disclosed to the Investor and ending and including the day the Form&nbsp;8-K (or Form&nbsp;6-K)
disclosing this information is filed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;VII</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>CONDITIONS
TO DELIVERY OF<BR>
PURCHASE NOTICE AND CONDITIONS TO CLOSING</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;7.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>CONDITIONS
PRECEDENT TO THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY TO ISSUE AND SELL PURCHASE NOTICE SHARES</U></B>. The right of the Company to issue and sell the
Purchase Notice Shares to the Investor is subject to the satisfaction of each of the conditions set forth below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>ACCURACY
OF INVESTOR&rsquo;S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</U></B>. The representations and warranties of the Investor shall be true and correct
in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and as of the date of each Closing as though made at each such time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>PERFORMANCE
BY INVESTOR</U></B>. Investor shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions
required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Investor at or prior to such Closing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>PRINCIPAL
MARKET REGULATION</U></B>. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, and in addition to the limitations set forth herein,
the Company shall not issue more than 3,357,407 shares of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<B><U>Exchange Cap</U></B>&rdquo;) under this Agreement,
which equals 19.99% of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the Execution Date, unless stockholder approval is
obtained to issue in excess of the Exchange Cap;&nbsp;<U>provided</U>,&nbsp;<U>however</U>, that the foregoing limitation shall not apply
if (A)&nbsp;at any time the Exchange Cap is reached and at all times thereafter the average price paid for all shares of Common Stock
issued under this Agreement is equal to or greater than $2.20 (the &ldquo;<B><U>Minimum Price</U></B>&rdquo;), a price equal to the lower
of (i)&nbsp;the Nasdaq Official Closing Price immediately preceding the execution of this Agreement or (ii)&nbsp;the arithmetic average
of the five (5)&nbsp;Nasdaq Official Closing Prices for the Common Stock immediately preceding the execution of this Agreement, as calculated
in accordance with the rules&nbsp;of the Principal Market (in such circumstance, for purposes of the Principal Market, the transaction
contemplated hereby would not be &ldquo;below market&rdquo; and the Exchange Cap would not apply) or (B)&nbsp;the Company is exempt from
obtaining stockholder approval for the issuance of shares above the Exchange Cap under the rules&nbsp;of the Principal Market. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Company shall not be required or permitted to issue, and the Investor shall not be required to purchase, any shares
of Common Stock under this Agreement if such issuance would violate the rules&nbsp;or regulations of the Principal Market. The Company
may, in its sole discretion, determine whether to obtain stockholder approval to issue more than 19.99% of its outstanding shares of Common
Stock hereunder if such issuance would require stockholder approval under the rules&nbsp;or regulations of the Principal Market. The Exchange
Cap shall be reduced, on a share-for-share basis, by the number of shares of Common Stock issued or issuable that may be aggregated with
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement under applicable rules&nbsp;of the Principal Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;7.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>CONDITIONS
PRECEDENT TO THE OBLIGATION OF INVESTOR TO PURCHASE THE PURCHASE NOTICE SHARES</U></B>. The obligation of the Investor hereunder to purchase
the Purchase Notice Shares is subject to the satisfaction of each of the following conditions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>EFFECTIVE
REGISTRATION STATEMENT</U></B>. The Registration Statement, and any amendment or supplement thereto, shall remain effective for the offering
of the Securities and (i)&nbsp;the Company shall not have received notice that the SEC has issued or intends to issue a stop order with
respect to such Registration Statement or that the SEC otherwise has suspended or withdrawn the effectiveness of such Registration Statement,
either temporarily or permanently, or intends or has threatened to do so and (ii)&nbsp;no other suspension of the use of, or withdrawal
of the effectiveness of, such Registration Statement or related prospectus shall exist. The Investor shall not have received any notice
from the Company that the prospectus and/or any prospectus supplement fails to meet the requirements of Section&nbsp;5(b)&nbsp;or Section&nbsp;10
of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>ACCURACY
OF THE COMPANY&rsquo;S REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</U></B>. The representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct
in all material respects as of the date of this Agreement and as of the date of each Closing (except for representations and warranties
specifically made as of a particular date).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>PERFORMANCE
BY THE COMPANY</U></B>. The Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements
and conditions required by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>NO
INJUNCTION</U></B>. No statute, rule, regulation, executive order, decree, ruling or injunction shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated
or adopted by any court or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction that prohibits or directly and materially adversely affects
any of the transactions&nbsp;contemplated by the Transaction Documents, and no proceeding shall have been commenced that may have the
effect of prohibiting or materially adversely affecting any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>ADVERSE
CHANGES</U></B>. Since the date of filing of the Company&rsquo;s most recent quarterly or annual report, no event that had or is reasonably
likely to have a Material Adverse Effect has occurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>NO
SUSPENSION OF TRADING IN OR DELISTING OF COMMON STOCK</U></B>. The trading of the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the SEC
or the Principal Market, or otherwise halted for any reason, and the Common Stock shall have been approved for listing or quotation on
and shall not have been delisted from or no longer quoted on the Principal Market. In the event of a suspension, delisting, or halting
for any reason, of the trading of the Common Stock during an active Purchase Notice, as contemplated by this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;7.2(f)</U>,
the Investor shall purchase the Purchase Notice Shares in the respective Purchase Notice at a value equal to $0.01 per share of Common
Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>BENEFICIAL
OWNERSHIP LIMITATION</U></B>. The number of Purchase Notice Shares then to be purchased by the Investor shall not exceed the number of
such shares that, when aggregated with all other shares of Common Stock then owned by the Investor beneficially or deemed beneficially
owned by the Investor, would result in the Investor owning more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below), as determined
in accordance with Section&nbsp;13 of the Exchange Act. For purposes of this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;7.2(g)</U>, in the event that the amount
of Common Stock outstanding is greater or lesser on a date of a Closing (a &ldquo;<B><U>Closing Date</U></B>&rdquo;) than on the date
upon which the Purchase Notice associated with such Closing Date is given, the amount of Common Stock outstanding on such issuance of
a Purchase Notice shall govern for purposes of determining whether the Investor, when aggregating all purchases of Common Stock made pursuant
to this Agreement, would own more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation following a purchase on any such Closing Date. In the event
the Investor claims that compliance with a Purchase Notice would result in the Investor owning more than the Beneficial Ownership Limitation,
upon request of the Company the Investor will provide the Company with evidence of the Investor&rsquo;s then existing shares beneficially
or deemed beneficially owned. The &ldquo;<B><U>Beneficial Ownership Limitation</U></B>&rdquo; shall be 4.99% of the number of shares of
the Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to a Purchase Notice, provided
that, the Investor may increase the Beneficial Ownership Limitation up to 9.99% at its sole discretion upon sixty-one (61)&nbsp;days prior
written notice to the Company. To the extent that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation is exceeded, the number of shares of Common Stock
issuable to the Investor shall be reduced void ab initio so it does not exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(h)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>STOCK
PROMOTION</U></B>. The Company shall be free from any &ldquo;stock promotion&rdquo; flag.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>NO
KNOWLEDGE</U></B>. The Company shall have no knowledge of any event more likely than not to have the effect of causing the effectiveness
of the Registration Statement to be suspended or any prospectus or prospectus supplement failing to meet the requirement of Sections 5(b)&nbsp;or
10 of the Securities Act (which event is more likely than not to occur within the fifteen (15)&nbsp;Business Days following the Business
Day on which such Purchase Notice is deemed delivered).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(j)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>NO
VIOLATION OF SHAREHOLDER APPROVAL REQUIREMENT</U></B>. The issuance of the Purchase Notice Shares shall not violate the shareholder approval
requirements of the Principal Market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(k)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>DWAC
ELIGIBLE</U></B>. The Common Stock must be DWAC Eligible and not subject to a &ldquo;DTC chill&rdquo;.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(l)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>SEC
DOCUMENTS</U></B>. All reports, schedules, registrations, forms, statements, information and other documents required to have been filed
by the Company with the SEC pursuant to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act shall have been filed with the SEC.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(m)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>EXCHANGE
CAP</U></B>. The Exchange Cap has not been reached (to the extent the Exchange Cap is applicable pursuant to&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;7.1(d)</U>&nbsp;hereof).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(n)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>IRREVOCABLE
TRANSFER AGENT INSTRUCTIONS</U></B>. The Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions shall have been delivered by the Company to, and acknowledged
in writing (email being sufficient) by, the Transfer Agent (or any successor transfer agent).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;VIII</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>LEGENDS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;8.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>RESTRICTIVE
STOCK LEGEND</U></B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Purchase Notice Shares may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of
Purchase Notice Shares other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an &ldquo;affiliate&rdquo;
(as defined in Rule&nbsp;144) of a Investor or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 8.1(b), the Company may require
the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company,
the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require
registration of such transferred Purchase Notice Shares under the Securities Act. As a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall
agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and shall have the rights and obligations of the Investor under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Investor agrees to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Purchase Notice Shares in the
following form:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">THIS SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN
REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &ldquo;SECURITIES ACT&rdquo;), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT
TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT
TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY MAY BE
PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT
IS AN &ldquo;ACCREDITED INVESTOR&rdquo; AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company acknowledges and
agrees that the Investor may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant
a security interest in some or all of the Purchase Notice Shares to a financial institution that is an &ldquo;accredited investor&rdquo;
as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, the Investor may transfer pledged
or secured Purchase Notice Shares to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the
Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further,
no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the Investor&rsquo;s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation
as a pledgee or secured party of Purchase Notice Shares may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Shares,
including, if the Purchase Notice Shares are subject to registration pursuant to Section 4.11 herein, the preparation and filing of any
required prospectus supplement under Rule 424(b)(3) under the Securities Act or other applicable provision of the Securities Act to appropriately
amend the selling stockholder thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;Certificates
evidencing the Purchase Notice Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) hereof), (i) while
a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) covering the issuance or resale of such Purchase Notice Shares is effective
under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of such Purchase Notice Shares pursuant to Rule 144, (iii) if such Purchase Notice Shares
are eligible for sale under Rule 144, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information
required under Rule 144 as to such Purchase Notice Shares and without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions, or (iv) if such legend is
not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the
staff of the Commission). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent or the Investor promptly
after the Effective Date if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder, or if requested by an Investor,
respectively. The Company agrees that following the Effective Date or at such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section
4.1(c), it will, no later than the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement
Period (as defined below) following the delivery by an Investor to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Purchase
Notice Shares, issued with a restrictive legend, deliver or cause to be delivered to the Investor a certificate representing such securities
that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the
Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 8. Certificates for Purchase Notice Shares subject
to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Investor by crediting the account of the Investor&rsquo;s
prime broker with the DTC System as directed by the Investor. As used herein, &ldquo;Standard Settlement Period&rdquo; means the standard
settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&rsquo;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock
as in effect on the date of delivery of a certificate representing Purchase Notice Shares issued with a restrictive legend.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Investor agrees with the Company that the Investor will sell any Purchase Notice Shares pursuant to either the registration requirements
of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if Purchase Notice
Shares are sold pursuant to a Registration Statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein,
and acknowledges that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates representing Purchase Notice Shares as set forth in this
Section 4.1 is predicated upon the Company&rsquo;s reliance upon this understanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;8.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>INVESTOR&rsquo;S
COMPLIANCE</U></B>. Nothing in this&nbsp;<U>Article&nbsp;VIII</U>&nbsp;shall affect in any way the Investor&rsquo;s obligations hereunder
to comply with all applicable securities laws upon the sale of the Common Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;IX</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>INDEMNIFICATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;9.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>INDEMNIFICATION</U></B>.
Each party (an &ldquo;<B><U>Indemnifying Party</U></B>&rdquo;) agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the other party along with its officers,
directors, employees, and authorized agents, and each Person or entity, if any, who controls such party within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15
of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act (an &ldquo;<B><U>Indemnified Party</U></B>&rdquo;) from and against any Damages,
and any action in respect thereof to which the Indemnified Party becomes subject to, resulting from, arising out of this Agreement or
relating to (i)&nbsp;any misrepresentation, breach of warranty or nonfulfillment of or failure to perform any covenant or agreement on
the part of the Indemnifying Party contained in this Agreement, (ii)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material
fact contained in the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereof or prospectus or prospectus supplement, or the omission
or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading,
(iii)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus or contained in
the final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or the
omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which the statements therein were made, not misleading, or (iv)&nbsp;any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities
Act, the Exchange Act, any state securities law or any rule&nbsp;or regulation under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state
securities law, as such Damages are incurred, except to the extent such Damages result primarily from the Indemnified Party&rsquo;s failure
to perform any covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement or the Indemnified Party&rsquo;s, recklessness or willful misconduct
in performing its obligations under this Agreement;&nbsp;<I>provided</I>,&nbsp;<I>however</I>, that the foregoing indemnity agreement
shall not apply to any Damages of an Indemnified Party to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made by an Indemnifying Party in reliance upon and in conformity
with written information furnished to the Indemnifying Party by the Indemnified Party expressly for use in the Registration Statement,
any post-effective amendment thereof, prospectus, prospectus supplement thereto, or any preliminary prospectus or final prospectus (as
amended or supplemented).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;9.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>INDEMNIFICATION
PROCEDURE</U></B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;A
party that seeks indemnification under must promptly give the other party notice of any legal action. But a delay in notice does not relieve
an Indemnifying Party of any liability to any Indemnified Party, except to the extent the Indemnifying Party shows that the delay prejudiced
the defense of the action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Indemnifying Party may participate in the defense at any time or it may assume the defense by giving notice to the Indemnified Parties.
After assuming the defense, the Indemnifying Party:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;must
select counsel (including local counsel if appropriate) that is reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Parties;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;is
not liable to the other party for any later attorney&rsquo;s fees or for any other later expenses that the Indemnified Parties incur,
except for reasonable investigation costs;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;must
not compromise or settle the action without the Indemnified Parties consent (which may not be unreasonably withheld); and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">(iv)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;is
not liable for any compromise or settlement made without its consent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
the Indemnifying Party fails to assume the defense within 10 days after receiving notice of the action, the Indemnifying Party shall be
bound by any determination made in the action or by any compromise or settlement made by the Indemnified Parties, and also remains liable
to pay the Indemnified Parties&rsquo; legal fees and expenses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;9.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>METHOD
OF ASSERTING INDEMNIFICATION CLAIMS</U></B>. All claims for indemnification by any Indemnified Party under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;shall
be asserted and resolved as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
the event any claim or demand in respect of which an Indemnified Party might seek indemnity under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;is
asserted against or sought to be collected from such Indemnified Party by a Person other than a party hereto or an affiliate thereof (a
&ldquo;<B><U>Third Party Claim</U></B>&rdquo;), the Indemnified Party shall deliver a written notification, enclosing a copy of all papers
served, if any, and specifying the nature of and basis for such Third Party Claim and for the Indemnified Party&rsquo;s claim for indemnification
that is being asserted under any provision of&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;against an Indemnifying Party, together with the amount
or, if not then reasonably ascertainable, the estimated amount, determined in good faith, of such Third Party Claim (a &ldquo;<B><U>Claim
Notice</U></B>&rdquo;) with reasonable promptness to the Indemnifying Party. If the Indemnified Party fails to provide the Claim Notice
with reasonable promptness after the Indemnified Party receives notice of such Third Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party shall not be
obligated to indemnify the Indemnified Party with respect to such Third Party Claim to the extent that the Indemnifying Party&rsquo;s
ability to defend has been prejudiced by such failure of the Indemnified Party. The Indemnifying Party shall notify the Indemnified Party
as soon as practicable within the period ending thirty (30)&nbsp;calendar days following receipt by the Indemnifying Party of either a
Claim Notice or an Indemnity Notice (as defined below) (the &ldquo;<B><U>Dispute Period</U></B>&rdquo;) whether the Indemnifying Party
disputes its liability or the amount of its liability to the Indemnified Party under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;and whether the
Indemnifying Party desires, at its sole cost and expense, to defend the Indemnified Party against such Third Party Claim.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party within the Dispute Period that the Indemnifying Party desires to defend the Indemnified
Party with respect to the Third Party Claim pursuant to this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.3(a)</U>, then the Indemnifying Party shall have the
right to defend, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party, at the sole cost and expense of the Indemnifying Party,
such Third Party Claim by all appropriate proceedings, which proceedings shall be vigorously and diligently prosecuted by the Indemnifying
Party to a final conclusion or will be settled at the discretion of the Indemnifying Party (but only with the consent of the Indemnified
Party in the case of any settlement that provides for any relief other than the payment of monetary damages or that provides for the payment
of monetary damages as to which the Indemnified Party shall not be indemnified in full pursuant to&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>). The
Indemnifying Party shall have full control of such defense and proceedings, including any compromise or settlement&nbsp;<U>thereof</U>;&nbsp;<U>provided</U>,
however, that the Indemnified Party may, at the sole cost and expense of the Indemnified Party, at any time prior to the Indemnifying
Party&rsquo;s delivery of the notice referred to in the first sentence of this clause&nbsp;(i), file any motion, answer or other pleadings
or take any other action that the Indemnified Party reasonably believes to be necessary or appropriate to protect its interests; and&nbsp;<U>provided</U>,&nbsp;<U>further</U>,
that if requested by the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnified Party will, at the sole cost and expense of the Indemnifying Party, provide
reasonable cooperation to the Indemnifying Party in contesting any Third Party Claim that the Indemnifying Party elects to contest. The
Indemnified Party may participate in, but not control, any defense or settlement of any Third Party Claim controlled by the Indemnifying
Party pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(i), and except as provided in the preceding sentence, the Indemnified Party shall bear its own costs
and expenses with respect to such participation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Indemnified Party may take over the control of the
defense or settlement of a Third Party Claim at any time if it irrevocably waives its right to indemnity under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;with
respect to such Third Party Claim.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
the Indemnifying Party fails to notify the Indemnified Party within the Dispute Period that the Indemnifying Party desires to defend the
Third Party Claim pursuant to&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.3(a)</U>, or if the Indemnifying Party gives such notice but fails to prosecute vigorously
and diligently or settle the Third Party Claim, or if the Indemnifying Party fails to give any notice whatsoever within the Dispute Period,
then the Indemnified Party shall have the right to defend, at the sole cost and expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Third Party Claim
by all appropriate proceedings, which proceedings shall be prosecuted by the Indemnified Party in a reasonable manner and in good faith
or will be settled at the discretion of the Indemnified Party (with the consent of the Indemnifying Party, which consent will not be unreasonably
withheld). The Indemnified Party will have full control of such defense and proceedings, including any compromise or settlement thereof;
provided, however, that if requested by the Indemnified Party, the Indemnifying Party will, at the sole cost and expense of the Indemnifying
Party, provide reasonable cooperation to the Indemnified Party and its counsel in contesting any Third Party Claim which the Indemnified
Party is contesting. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this clause&nbsp;(ii), if the Indemnifying Party has notified the Indemnified
Party within the Dispute Period that the Indemnifying Party disputes its liability or the amount of its liability hereunder to the Indemnified
Party with respect to such Third Party Claim and if such dispute is resolved in favor of the Indemnifying Party in the manner provided
in clause&nbsp;(iii)&nbsp;below, the Indemnifying Party will not be required to bear the costs and expenses of the Indemnified Party&rsquo;s
defense pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(ii)&nbsp;or of the Indemnifying Party&rsquo;s participation therein at the Indemnified Party&rsquo;s
request, and the Indemnified Party shall reimburse the Indemnifying Party in full for all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the
Indemnifying Party in connection with such litigation. The Indemnifying Party may participate in, but not control, any defense or settlement
controlled by the Indemnified Party pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(ii), and the Indemnifying Party shall bear its own costs and expenses
with respect to such participation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.75in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;If
the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified Party that it does not dispute its liability or the amount of its liability to the Indemnified
Party with respect to the Third Party Claim under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;or fails to notify the Indemnified Party within the
Dispute Period whether the Indemnifying Party disputes its liability or the amount of its liability to the Indemnified Party with respect
to such Third Party Claim, the amount of Damages specified in the Claim Notice shall be conclusively deemed a liability of the Indemnifying
Party under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;and the Indemnifying Party shall pay the amount of such Damages to the Indemnified Party
on demand. If the Indemnifying Party has timely disputed its liability or the amount of its liability with respect to such claim, the
Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall proceed in good faith to negotiate a resolution of such dispute;&nbsp;<U>provided</U>,&nbsp;<U>however</U>,
that if the dispute is not resolved within thirty (30)&nbsp;days after the Claim Notice, the Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to institute
such legal action as it deems appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
the event any Indemnified Party should have a claim under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;against the Indemnifying Party that does not
involve a Third Party Claim, the Indemnified Party shall deliver a written notification of a claim for indemnity under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;specifying
the nature of and basis for such claim, together with the amount or, if not then reasonably ascertainable, the estimated amount, determined
in good faith, of such claim (an &ldquo;<B><U>Indemnity Notice</U></B>&rdquo;) with reasonable promptness to the Indemnifying Party. The
failure by any Indemnified Party to give the Indemnity Notice shall not impair such party&rsquo;s rights hereunder except to the extent
that the Indemnifying Party demonstrates that it has been irreparably prejudiced thereby. If the Indemnifying Party notifies the Indemnified
Party that it does not dispute the claim or the amount of the claim described in such Indemnity Notice or fails to notify the Indemnified
Party within the Dispute Period whether the Indemnifying Party disputes the claim or the amount of the claim described in such Indemnity
Notice, the amount of Damages specified in the Indemnity Notice will be conclusively deemed a liability of the Indemnifying Party under&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;9.2</U>&nbsp;and
the Indemnifying Party shall pay the amount of such Damages to the Indemnified Party on demand. If the Indemnifying Party has timely disputed
its liability or the amount of its liability with respect to such claim, the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall proceed
in good faith to negotiate a resolution of such dispute; provided, however, that if the dispute is not resolved within thirty (30)&nbsp;days
after the Claim Notice, the Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to institute such legal action as it deems appropriate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Indemnifying Party agrees to pay the Indemnified Party, promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any reasonable
legal fees or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Third Party Claim.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
indemnity provisions contained herein shall be in addition to (i)&nbsp;any cause of action or similar rights of the Indemnified Party
against the Indemnifying Party or others, and (ii)&nbsp;any liabilities the Indemnifying Party may be subject to.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Article&nbsp;X</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.1&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>GOVERNING
LAW; JURISDICTION</U></B>. This Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without
regard to the principles of conflicts of law. Each of the Company and the Investor hereby submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the
United States federal and state courts located in New York, New York, with respect to any dispute arising under the Transaction Documents
or the transactions contemplated thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.2&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>JURY
TRIAL WAIVER</U></B>. The Company and the Investor hereby waive a trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim brought by either
of the parties hereto against the other in respect of any matter arising out of or in connection with the Transaction Documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.3&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ASSIGNMENT</U></B>.
The Transaction Documents shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Company and the Investor and their respective successors.
Neither this Agreement nor any rights of the Investor or the Company hereunder may be assigned by either party to any other Person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.4&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NO
THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES</U></B>. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the Company and the Investor and their respective successors,
and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as contemplated by&nbsp;<U>Article&nbsp;IX</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.5&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>TERMINATION</U></B>.
The Company may terminate this Agreement at any time (i) in the event of a material breach of the Agreement by the Investor, which shall
be effected by written notice being sent by the Company to the Investor, or (ii) provided that a written notice is delivered to the Investor
10 days in advance. In addition, this Agreement shall automatically terminate on the earlier of (i)&nbsp;the end of the Commitment Period
or (ii)&nbsp;the date that, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law,&nbsp;the Company commences a voluntary case or any
Person commences a proceeding against the Company, a Custodian is appointed for the Company or for all or substantially all of its property
or the Company makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; provided, however, that the provisions of&nbsp;<U>Articles&nbsp;III</U>,&nbsp;<U>IV</U>,&nbsp;<U>V</U>,&nbsp;<U>VI</U>,&nbsp;<U>IX</U>&nbsp;and
the agreements and covenants of the Company and the Investor set forth in this&nbsp;<U>Article&nbsp;X&nbsp;</U>shall survive the termination
of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.6&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>ENTIRE
AGREEMENT</U></B>. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits thereto, contain the entire understanding of the Company and
the Investor with respect to the matters covered herein and therein and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written,
with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents and exhibits.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.7&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>FEES
AND EXPENSES</U></B>. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents or any other writing to the contrary, each party shall
pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party
incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.8&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>COUNTERPARTS</U></B>.
The Transaction Documents may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which may be executed by less than all of the parties and
shall be deemed to be an original instrument which shall be enforceable against the parties actually executing such counterparts and all
of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The Transaction Documents may be delivered to the other parties hereto
by email of a copy of the Transaction Documents bearing the signature of the parties so delivering this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.9&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>SEVERABILITY</U></B>.
In the event that any provision of this Agreement becomes or is declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, unenforceable
or void, this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect without said provision; provided that such severability shall be ineffective
if it materially changes the economic benefit of this Agreement to any party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.10&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>FURTHER
ASSURANCES</U></B>. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute
and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as the other party may reasonably request in order to
carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.11&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NO
STRICT CONSTRUCTION</U></B>. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their
mutual intent, and no rules&nbsp;of strict construction will be applied against any party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.12&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>EQUITABLE
RELIEF</U></B>. The Company recognizes that in the event that it fails to perform, observe, or discharge any or all of its obligations
under this Agreement, any remedy at law may prove to be inadequate relief to the Investor. The Company therefore agrees that the Investor
shall be entitled to temporary and permanent injunctive relief in any such case without the necessity of proving actual damages. In addition
to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, both parties will be entitled to specific performance under
the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of
any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific
performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.13&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>TITLE
AND SUBTITLES</U></B>. The titles and subtitles used in this Agreement are used for the convenience of reference and are not to be considered
in construing or interpreting this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.14&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>AMENDMENTS;
WAIVERS</U></B>. No provision of this Agreement may be amended or waived by the parties from and after the date that is one (1)&nbsp;Business
Day immediately preceding the initial filing of the prospectus to the Registration Statement with the SEC. Subject to the immediately
preceding sentence, (i)&nbsp;no provision of this Agreement may be amended other than by a written instrument signed by both parties hereto
and (ii)&nbsp;no provision of this Agreement may be waived other than in a written instrument signed by the party against whom enforcement
of such waiver is sought. No failure or delay in the exercise of any power, right or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof,
nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such power, right or privilege preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other
right, power or privilege.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.15&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>PUBLICITY</U></B>.
The Company and the Investor shall consult with each other in issuing any press releases or otherwise making public statements with respect
to the transactions contemplated hereby and no party shall issue any such press release or otherwise make any such public statement, other
than as required by law, without the prior written consent of the other parties, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld&nbsp;or
delayed, except that no prior consent shall be required if such disclosure is required by law, in which such case the disclosing party
shall provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly
disclose the name of the Investor without the prior written consent of the Investor, except to the extent required by law. The Investor
acknowledges that the Transaction Documents may be deemed to be &ldquo;<U>material contracts</U>,&rdquo; as that term is defined by Item
601(b)(10)&nbsp;of Regulation S-K, and that the Company may therefore be required to file such documents as exhibits to reports or registration
statements filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act. The Investor further agrees that the status of such documents and materials
as material contracts shall be determined solely by the Company, in consultation with its counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.16&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>DISPUTE
RESOLUTION</U></B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(a)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>GOVERNANCE
OF ALL DISPUTES</U></B>. The parties recognize that disagreements as to certain matters may from time to time arise out of these Transaction
Documents. The parties agree that any disagreements that arise from these Transaction Documents are to be governed in accordance with
this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;10.16.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(b)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>SUBMISSION
TO DISPUTE RESOLUTION</U></B>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.4in">(i)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;In
the case of a dispute relating to the Average Daily Trading Volume, Purchase Notice Limit or VWAP (as the case may be) (including, without
limitation, a dispute relating to the determination of any of the foregoing), the Company or the Investor (as the case may be) shall submit
the dispute to the other party via facsimile or electronic mail (A)&nbsp;if by the Company, within two (2)&nbsp;Business Days after the
occurrence of the circumstances giving rise to such dispute or (B)&nbsp;if by the Investor at any time after the Investor learned of the
circumstances giving rise to such dispute. If the Investor and the Company are unable to promptly resolve such dispute relating to such
Average Daily Trading Volume, Purchase Notice Limit or VWAP (as the case may be), at any time after the second (2nd)&nbsp;Business Day
following such initial notice by the Company or the Investor (as the case may be) of such dispute to the Company or the Investor (as the
case may be), then the Company and the Investor may select an independent, reputable investment bank as mutually agreed upon to resolve
such dispute.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.4in">(ii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Investor and the Company shall each deliver to such investment bank (A)&nbsp;a copy of the initial dispute submission so delivered in
accordance with the first sentence of this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;10.16</U>&nbsp;and (B)&nbsp;written documentation supporting its position
with respect to such dispute, in each case, no later than 5:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York time) by the fifth (5th)&nbsp;Business Day immediately
following the date on which such investment bank was selected (the &ldquo;<B><U>Dispute Submission Deadline</U></B>&rdquo;) (the documents
referred to in the immediately preceding clauses&nbsp;(A)&nbsp;and (B)&nbsp;are collectively referred to herein as the &ldquo;<B><U>Required
Dispute Documentation</U></B>&rdquo;) (it being understood and agreed that if either the Investor or the Company fails to so deliver all
of the Required Dispute Documentation by the Dispute Submission Deadline, then the party who fails to so submit all of the Required Dispute
Documentation shall no longer be entitled to (and hereby waives its right to) deliver or submit any written documentation or other support
to such investment bank with respect to such dispute and such investment bank shall resolve such dispute based solely on the Required
Dispute Documentation that was delivered to such investment bank prior to the Dispute Submission Deadline). Unless otherwise agreed to
in writing by both the Company and the Investor or otherwise requested by such investment bank, neither the Company nor the Investor shall
be entitled to deliver or submit any written documentation or other support to such investment bank in connection with such dispute (other
than the Required Dispute Documentation).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.4in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The
Company and the Investor shall cause such investment bank to determine the resolution of such dispute and notify the Company and the Investor
of such resolution no later than ten (10)&nbsp;Business Days immediately following the Dispute Submission Deadline. The fees and expenses
of such investment bank shall be borne solely by the party submitting such dispute, and such investment bank&rsquo;s resolution of such
dispute shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(c)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><U>Good
Faith Attempt To Resolve Other Disputes</U></B></FONT>. If either the Company or the Investor believes that a dispute not covered by Section&nbsp;10.16(b)&nbsp;has
arisen under these Transaction Documents, that party, prior to commencing arbitration, must provide the other side with written notice
detailing the nature of the alleged dispute. Upon receipt of such written notice, the parties are required to engage in good faith negotiations
in an attempt to resolve the dispute for a period of not less than fourteen (14) days, such time as may be extended by mutual agreement
of the parties. If the Company and the Investor are unable to resolve such dispute within that fourteen (14) day period (or any period
of extension as agreed by the parties), then either party may pursue resolution of the dispute pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.16(d).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(d)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>ARBITRATION</U></B>.
Any dispute, controversy, difference or claim that may arise between the Company and the Investor in connection with these Transaction
Documents (including, without limitation, any claim that, for whatever reason, was not resolved by the procedures of Section&nbsp;10.16(b);
and all&nbsp;claims arising out of or relating to the validity, construction, interpretation, enforceability, breach, performance, application
or termination of these Transaction Documents), shall be submitted to binding arbitration governed by the rules&nbsp;of the American Arbitration
Association. The seat of the arbitration shall be in the State and County of New York. There shall be only one arbitrator selected in
accordance with the rules&nbsp;of the American Arbitration Association. The arbitration shall be conducted in English and may be conducted
in a virtual setting. The arbitrator&rsquo;s decision shall be final and binding and judgment may be entered thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(e)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>COSTS
AND AWARD&nbsp;</U></B>. Each side must bear its own costs and legal fees during the pendency of the arbitration. A party&rsquo;s failure
to pay any costs or fees required to proceed in the arbitration, as they timely come due, shall result in an immediate default against
that party. The prevailing party in the arbitration shall be entitled to recoup all its reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and costs from
the nonprevailing party, including, without limitation, all of its costs relating to the arbitration, excluding only the costs incurred
in connection with the procedures of Section&nbsp;10.16(b). The arbitrator&rsquo;s final award shall include this assessment of costs
and fees. That award also shall include interest from the date of any damages incurred for breach of these Transaction Documents, and
from the date of the award until paid in full assessed at the prevailing statutory rate. The nonprevailing party must promptly pay that
award in U.S. dollars, free of any tax, deduction or offset. Further, in the event a party fails to proceed with arbitration, unsuccessfully
challenges the arbitrator&rsquo;s award, or fails to comply with the arbitrator&rsquo;s award, the other party is entitled to all costs
of suit including all reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and costs incurred in respect to any of these further actions. With respect to
damages, the only damages recoverable under these Transaction Documents are compensatory; both the Company and the Investor expressly
disclaim the right to seek punitive or other exemplary damages.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(f)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<B><U>INJUNCTIVE
RELIEF</U></B>&nbsp;. Provided a party has made a sufficient showing under applicable law, the arbitrator shall have the freedom to invoke,
and the parties agree to abide by, injunctive measures that either party submits in writing for arbitration claims requiring immediate
relief. Additionally, nothing in this Section&nbsp;10.16 shall preclude either party from seeking equitable relief or interim or provisional
relief from a court of competent jurisdiction, including a temporary restraining order, preliminary injunction or other interim equitable
relief, concerning a dispute either prior to or during arbitration if necessary to protect the interests of such party or to preserve
the status quo pending the arbitration proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(g)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B><U>Confidentiality&nbsp;</U></B></FONT>.
The arbitration proceeding and subsequent award shall be confidential. The arbitrator shall issue appropriate protective orders to safeguard
each party&rsquo;s confidential information. Except as required by law (or if necessary to enforce the award), including without limitation
securities regulations, neither party is to make any public announcement with respect to the proceedings or decision of the arbitrator
without the prior written consent of the other party. The existence of any dispute submitted to arbitration, and the award, shall be kept
in confidence by the parties thereto and the arbitrator, except as required in connection with the enforcement of such an award or as
otherwise required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>Section&nbsp;10.17&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<U>NOTICES</U></B>.
All notices, demands, requests, consents, waivers, approvals, and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing
and, unless otherwise specified herein, shall be (a)&nbsp;personally served, (b)&nbsp;delivered by reputable air courier service with
charges prepaid next Business Day delivery, or (c)&nbsp;transmitted by hand delivery, or email as a PDF, addressed as set forth below
or to such other address as such party shall have specified most recently by written notice given in accordance herewith. Any notice or
other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be deemed effective upon hand delivery or delivery by email at the
address designated below (if delivered on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received), or the first
business day following such delivery (if delivered other than on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be
received).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The addresses for such communications
shall be:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><U>If to the Company</U>:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">GD Culture Group Limited</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">22F - 810 Seventh Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">New York, NY 10019</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">Attention: Xiaojian Wang, Chief Executive Officer</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">Email: awang@gdculturegroup.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in"><U>If to the Investor</U>:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">[_____]<BR>
[_____]<BR>
[_____]<BR>
Attention: [_____]<BR>
E-mail: [_____]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Either party hereto may from
time to time change its address or email for notices under this&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;10.17</U>&nbsp;by giving prior written notice of
such changed address to the other party hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>[Signature Page Follows]</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I></I></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I><B>&nbsp;</B></I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>IN WITNESS WHEREOF</B>,
the parties have caused this Agreement to be duly executed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the Execution
Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>GD Culture Group Limited</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 36%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: Xiaojian Wang</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">[_____]</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name: </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title: </FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">21</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ea024182001ex99-1_gdculture.htm
<DESCRIPTION>PRESS RELEASE - GD CULTURE GROUP LIMITED ANNOUNCES $300 MILLION FUNDING COMMITMENT TO BUILD CRYPTOCURRENCY RESERVE OF BITCOIN AND TRUMP COIN, DATED MAY 12, 2025
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>GD Culture Group Limited Announces $300 Million
Funding Commitment to Build Cryptocurrency Reserve of Bitcoin and Trump Coin</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">NEW YORK, May 12, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --&nbsp;GD
Culture Group Limited (&ldquo;GDC&rdquo; or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) (Nasdaq: GDC), and its subsidiary, AI Catalysis Corp. (&ldquo;AI
Catalysis&rdquo;), today announced that it has entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the &ldquo;Agreement&rdquo;) with an accredited
investor (an &ldquo;Investor&rdquo;), a British Virgin Island limited liability company, providing for the sale by the Company of up to
$300 million of its common stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Proceeds from the facility will be used to support
the Company&rsquo;s crypto asset treasury strategy, including the purchase of Bitcoin (&ldquo;BTC&rdquo;) and OFFICIAL TRUMP (&ldquo;TRUMP&rdquo;).
Under this initiative, and subject to certain limitations, GDC intends to allocate a significant portion of the proceeds from any share
sales under the facility to the acquisition, long-term holding, and integration of crypto assets into its core treasury operations. This
strategic move reflects the Company&rsquo;s commitment to and confidence in the ongoing decentralization transformation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Through the adoption of this crypto asset treasury
strategy, GDC aims to enhance its balance sheet with high-performance, scalable digital assets while aligning itself with the expanding
decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Mr. Xiaojian Wang, Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company, commented: &ldquo;GDC&rsquo;s adoption of crypto assets as treasury reserve holdings is a deliberate strategy
that reflects both current industry trends and our unique strengths in digital technologies and the livestreaming e-commerce ecosystem.
Our substantial partnership with the Investor provides strong momentum for this initiative, reinforcing our leadership in pursuing growth
opportunities and embracing blockchain-driven industrial transformation. We believe our forward-looking strategy will further strengthen
our financial foundation and drive long-term value creation for our shareholders as decentralized finance continues to evolve.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>About GD Culture Group Limited</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">GD Culture Group Limited (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;)
(Nasdaq: GDC), is a Nevada company currently conducting business mainly through its subsidiaries, AI Catalysis Corp. (&ldquo;AI Catalysis&rdquo;)
and Shanghai Xianzhui Technology Co, Ltd. The company plans to enter into the livestreaming market with focus on e-commerce through its
wholly owned U.S. subsidiary, AI Catalysis, a Nevada corporation incorporated in May 2023. The Company&rsquo;s main businesses include
AI-driven digital human technology, live-streaming e-commerce business. For more information, please visit the Company's website at&nbsp;https://www.gdculturegroup.com/.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>For more information, please contact:</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>GD Culture Group Limited</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Investor Relations Department</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Email:&nbsp;ir@gdculturegroup.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Ascent Investor Relations LLC</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Tina Xiao</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Phone: +1-646-932-7242</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Email:&nbsp;investors@ascent-ir.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Shell Company Event Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>gdc-20250511_pre.xml
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 11, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 11,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-37513<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">GD Culture Group Limited<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001641398<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">47-3709051<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">NV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">22F - 810 Seventh Avenue<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">New York<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">10019<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">+1-347<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">2590292<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.0001<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">GDC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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