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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One) |  |  |
☑ |  | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the quarterly period ended | September 30, 2020

OR

☐ |  | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-9172

|  |  | NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC. |  |
|  |  | (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |  |
| Delaware |  |  | 34-1505819 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| 5875 Landerbrook Drive |  |  |  |
| Suite 220 |  |  |  |
| Cleveland, | Ohio |  |  | 44124-4069 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |  |  | (Zip code) |
|  |  | (440) | 229-5151 |  |
|  |  | (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |  |
|  |  | N/A |  |
|  |  | (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report) |  |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $1 par value per share |  | NC |  | New York Stock Exchange

Class B Common Stock is not publicly listed for trade on any exchange or market system; however, Class B Common Stock is convertible into Class A Common Stock on a share-for-share basis.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated Filer | ☑ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☑ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No þ
Number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding at October 30, 2020: 5,477,225
Number of shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding at October 30, 2020: 1,568,350

NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  |  |  |  | Page Number
Part I. |  | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |  |
|  | Item 1 |  | Financial Statements |
|  |  |  | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 2
|  |  |  | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 3
|  |  |  | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 4
|  |  |  | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
|  |  |  | Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement s of Changes in Equity | 6
|  |  |  | Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
|  | Item 2 |  | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19
|  | Item 3 |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 33
|  | Item 4 |  | Controls and Procedures | 34
Part II. |  | OTHER INFORMATION |  |  |
|  | Item 1 |  | Legal Proceedings | 35
|  | Item 1A |  | Risk Factors | 35
|  | Item 2 |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38
|  | Item 3 |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 38
|  | Item 4 |  | Mine Safety Disclosures | 38
|  | Item 5 |  | Other Information | 38
|  | Item 6 |  | Exhibits | 39
|  | Exhibit Index |  |  | 39
|  | Signatures |  |  | 40

1

Table of Contents
Part I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| SEPTEMBER 30 2020 |  | DECEMBER 31 2019
| (In thousands, except share data)
ASSETS |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 97,567 |  |  | $ | 122,892 |
Trade accounts receivable, net | 16,507 |  |  | 15,444 |
Accounts receivable from affiliates | 3,722 |  |  | 6,411 |
Inventories | 42,433 |  |  | 40,465 |
Refundable federal income taxes | 25,379 |  |  | 8,928 |
Other current assets | 12,996 |  |  | 6,528 |
Total current assets | 198,604 |  |  | 200,668 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 156,598 |  |  | 138,061 |
Intangibles, net | 35,599 |  |  | 37,902 |
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries | 25,545 |  |  | 24,611 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 10,448 |  |  | 11,398 |
Other non-current assets | 39,108 |  |  | 32,133 |
Total assets | $ | 465,902 |  |  | $ | 444,773 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 13,603 |  |  | $ | 9,374 |
Accounts payable to affiliates | 686 |  |  | 577 |
Revolving credit agreements | — |  |  | 7,000 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 960 |  |  | 795 |
Asset retirement obligations | 2,285 |  |  | 2,285 |
Accrued payroll | 10,565 |  |  | 19,583 |
Deferred compensation | — |  |  | 13,465 |
Deferred revenue | 1,693 |  |  | 1,908 |
Other current liabilities | 6,786 |  |  | 6,979 |
Total current liabilities | 36,578 |  |  | 61,966 |
Long-term debt | 22,182 |  |  | 17,148 |
Operating lease liabilities | 11,494 |  |  | 12,448 |
Asset retirement obligations | 40,811 |  |  | 34,574 |
Pension and other postretirement obligations | 7,430 |  |  | 8,807 |
Deferred income taxes | 28,513 |  |  | 12,338 |
Other long-term liabilities | 12,405 |  |  | 8,100 |
Total liabilities | 159,413 |  |  | 155,381 |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |
Common stock: |  |  |
Class A, par value $1 per share, 5,477,225 shares outstanding (December 31, 2019 - 5,397,458 shares outstanding) | 5,477 |  |  | 5,397 |
Class B, par value $1 per share, convertible into Class A on a one-for-one basis, 1,568,350 shares outstanding (December 31, 2019 - 1,568,670 shares outstanding) | 1,568 |  |  | 1,569 |
Capital in excess of par value | 9,381 |  |  | 8,911 |
Retained earnings | 301,045 |  |  | 284,852 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (10,982) |  |  | (11,337) |
Total stockholders' equity | 306,489 |  |  | 289,392 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 465,902 |  |  | $ | 444,773 |

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
2

Table of Contents
NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues | $ | 32,295 |  |  | $ | 32,603 |  |  | $ | 105,294 |  |  | $ | 114,052 |
Cost of sales | 25,475 |  |  | 26,416 |  |  | 89,553 |  |  | 85,812 |
Gross profit | 6,820 |  |  | 6,187 |  |  | 15,741 |  |  | 28,240 |
Earnings of unconsolidated operations | 15,145 |  |  | 17,438 |  |  | 44,926 |  |  | 47,851 |
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 11,833 |  |  | 14,341 |  |  | 37,151 |  |  | 39,782 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 734 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 2,303 |  |  | 2,243 |
Gain on sale of assets | — |  |  | (94) |  |  | (247) |  |  | (131) |
| 12,567 |  |  | 14,962 |  |  | 39,207 |  |  | 41,894 |
Operating profit | 9,398 |  |  | 8,663 |  |  | 21,460 |  |  | 34,197 |
Other (income) expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 336 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 1,069 |  |  | 683 |
Interest income | (95) |  |  | (1,878) |  |  | (625) |  |  | (3,012) |
Income from other unconsolidated affiliates | (18) |  |  | (327) |  |  | (230) |  |  | (972) |
Closed mine obligations | 395 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 1,219 |  |  | 1,079 |
Gain on equity securities | (35) |  |  | (108) |  |  | (351) |  |  | (1,067) |
Other, net | (1,064) |  |  | (1,258) |  |  | (1,181) |  |  | (1,236) |
| (481) |  |  | (2,958) |  |  | (99) |  |  | (4,525) |
Income before income tax provision | 9,879 |  |  | 11,621 |  |  | 21,559 |  |  | 38,722 |
Income tax provision | 1,857 |  |  | 1,357 |  |  | 1,321 |  |  | 5,465 |
Net income | $ | 8,022 |  |  | $ | 10,264 |  |  | $ | 20,238 |  |  | $ | 33,257 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.14 |  |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 2.88 |  |  | $ | 4.77 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.14 |  |  | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 2.88 |  |  | $ | 4.76 |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 7,036 |  |  | 6,991 |  |  | 7,019 |  |  | 6,973 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 7,036 |  |  | 6,991 |  |  | 7,035 |  |  | 6,992 |

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

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NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands)
Net income | $ | 8,022 |  |  | $ | 10,264 |  |  | $ | 20,238 |  |  | $ | 33,257 |
Reclassification of pension and postretirement adjustments into earnings, net of $29 and $102 tax benefit in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, net of $21 and $66 tax benefit in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. | 99 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 242 |
Total other comprehensive income | 99 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 242 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 8,121 |  |  | $ | 10,334 |  |  | $ | 20,593 |  |  | $ | 33,499 |

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30
| 2020 |  | 2019
| (In thousands)
Operating activities |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 2,760 |  |  | $ | 47,264 |
Investing activities |  |  |
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment | (19,802) |  |  | (13,264) |
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment | 550 |  |  | 4,475 |
Purchase of equity securities | (2,000) |  |  | — |
Other | 72 |  |  | (20) |
Net cash used for investing activities | (21,180) |  |  | (8,809) |
Financing activities |  |  |
Additions to long-term debt | 6,199 |  |  | 1,065 |
Reductions of long-term debt | (1,057) |  |  | (498) |
Net reduction to revolving credit agreements | (7,000) |  |  | (4,000) |
Cash dividends paid | (4,045) |  |  | (3,808) |
Purchase of treasury shares | (1,002) |  |  | (1,410) |
Net cash used for financing activities | (6,905) |  |  | (8,651) |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |
Total (decrease) increase for the period | (25,325) |  |  | 29,804 |
Balance at the beginning of the period | 122,892 |  |  | 85,257 |
Balance at the end of the period | $ | 97,567 |  |  | $ | 115,061 |

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

| Class A Common Stock | Class B Common Stock | Capital in Excess of Par Value | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
| (In thousands, except per share data)
Balance, January 1, 2019 | $ | 5,352 |  | $ | 1,569 |  | $ | 7,042 |  | $ | 250,352 |  | $ | (13,611) |  |  |  | $ | 250,704 |
Stock-based compensation | 102 |  | — |  | 795 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | 897 |
Purchase of treasury shares | (36) |  | — |  | (1,264) |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | (1,300) |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 15,018 |  | — |  |  |  | 15,018 |
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock: $0.1650 per share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,153) |  | — |  |  |  | (1,153) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 101 |  |  |  | 101 |
Balance, March 31, 2019 | $ | 5,418 |  | $ | 1,569 |  | $ | 6,573 |  | $ | 264,217 |  | $ | (13,510) |  |  |  | $ | 264,267 |
Stock-based compensation | 5 |  | — |  | 1,244 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | 1,249 |
Purchase of treasury shares | (2) |  | — |  | (83) |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | (85) |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 7,975 |  | — |  |  |  | 7,975 |
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock: $0.1900 per share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,327) |  | — |  |  |  | (1,327) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 71 |  |  |  | 71 |
Balance, June 30, 2019 | $ | 5,421 |  | $ | 1,569 |  | $ | 7,734 |  | $ | 270,865 |  | $ | (13,439) |  |  |  | $ | 272,150 |
Stock-based compensation | 5 |  | — |  | 2,119 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | 2,124 |
Purchase of treasury shares | (1) |  | — |  | (24) |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | (25) |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 10,264 |  | — |  |  |  | 10,264 |
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock: $0.1900 per share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,328) |  | — |  |  |  | (1,328) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 70 |  |  |  | 70 |
Balance, September 30, 2019 | $ | 5,425 |  | $ | 1,569 |  | $ | 9,829 |  | $ | 279,801 |  | $ | (13,369) |  |  |  | $ | 283,255 |
Balance, January 1, 2020 | $ | 5,397 |  | $ | 1,569 |  | $ | 8,911 |  | $ | 284,852 |  | $ | (11,337) |  |  |  | $ | 289,392 |
Stock-based compensation | 88 |  | — |  | 377 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | 465 |
Purchase of treasury shares | (32) |  | — |  | (970) |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | (1,002) |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6,166 |  | — |  |  |  | 6,166 |
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock: $0.1900 per share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,339) |  | — |  |  |  | (1,339) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 155 |  |  |  | 155 |
Balance, March 31, 2020 | $ | 5,453 |  | $ | 1,569 |  | $ | 8,318 |  | $ | 289,679 |  | $ | (11,182) |  |  |  | $ | 293,837 |
Stock-based compensation | 10 |  | — |  | 624 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | 634 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6,050 |  | — |  |  |  | 6,050 |
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock: $0.1925 per share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,351) |  | — |  |  |  | (1,351) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 101 |  |  |  | 101 |
Balance, June 30, 2020 | $ | 5,463 |  | $ | 1,569 |  | $ | 8,942 |  | $ | 294,378 |  | $ | (11,081) |  |  |  | $ | 299,271 |
Stock-based compensation | 13 |  | — |  | 439 |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | 452 |
Conversion of Class B to Class A shares | 1 |  | (1) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8,022 |  | — |  |  |  | 8,022 |
Cash dividends on Class A and Class B common stock: $0.1925 per share | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,355) |  | — |  |  |  | (1,355) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 99 |  |  |  | 99 |
Balance, September 30, 2020 | $ | 5,477 |  | $ | 1,568 |  | $ | 9,381 |  | $ | 301,045 |  | $ | (10,982) |  |  |  | $ | 306,489 |

See notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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NACCO INDUSTRIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In thousands, except as noted and per share amounts)
NOTE 1—Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of NACCO Industries, Inc.® (“NACCO”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, “NACCO Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries” or the “Company”). Intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. NACCO is the public holding company for The North American Coal Corporation® ("NACoal"). The Company has three operating segments: Coal Mining, North American Mining (“NAMining”) and Minerals Management. The Company also has unallocated items not directly attributable to a reportable segment. See Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of segment reporting.
The Company’s operating segments are further described below:
Coal Mining Segment
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the operating coal mines were: Bisti Fuels LLC (“Bisti”), Caddo Creek Resources Company, LLC (“Caddo Creek”), The Coteau Properties Company (“Coteau”), Coyote Creek Mining Company, LLC (“Coyote Creek”), Demery Resources Company, LLC (“Demery”), The Falkirk Mining Company (“Falkirk”), Mississippi Lignite Mining Company (“MLMC”) and The Sabine Mining Company (“Sabine”).
On September 30, 2020, Caddo Creek’s customer, a division of Cabot Corporation, entered into a long-term supply agreement with a subsidiary of Advanced Emissions Solutions (“AES”) as well as an agreement for the sale of the Marshall Mine, operated by Caddo Creek, to a subsidiary of AES. AES announced its intent to close the Marshall Mine. Caddo Creek entered into a contract with a subsidiary of AES to perform the required mine reclamation. In 2019, total tons delivered by the Coal Mining segment was 34.6 million tons, of which 0.2 million tons related to Caddo Creek.
All production from the Sabine Mine is delivered to Southwestern Electric Power Company's Henry W. Pirkey Plant. The Pirkey power plant has been dispatched at a lower rate during the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019, resulting in a 43% reduction in tons delivered in 2020 compared with 2019. During the third quarter of 2020, Sabine’s customer reduced its expected future annual deliveries to be between 1.4 million and 1.7 million tons of lignite coal. Sabine historically has delivered between 2.5 million and 3.5 million tons of lignite coal annually, including 2.6 million tons in 2019 and 3.8 million tons in 2018.
The contract mining agreement between Camino Real Fuels, LLC (“Camino Real”) and its customer, Dos Republicas Coal Partnership (“DRCP”), terminated effective July 1, 2020 as a result of the unexpected termination by Comisión Federal de Electricidad (“CFE”) of its coal supply contract with an affiliate of DRCP. The termination of the contract between CFE and DRCP eliminated DRCP’s need for coal from Camino Real's Eagle Pass Mine, and resulted in mine closure. Mine reclamation is the responsibility of DRCP. Camino Real has no legal obligation to perform mine reclamation. The Company received certain inventory as well as a securitized note in settlement of the outstanding receivable balance due from DRCP. During the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company received payment for the outstanding balance on the securitized note, which was $2.3 million as of September 30, 2020, and is included within Other current assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
At all operating coal mines other than MLMC, the Company is paid a management fee per ton of coal or heating unit (MMBtu) delivered. Each contract specifies the indices and mechanics by which fees change over time, generally in line with broad measures of U.S. inflation. The customers are responsible for funding all mine operating costs, including final mine reclamation, and directly or indirectly providing all of the capital required to build and operate the mine. This contract structure eliminates exposure to spot coal market price fluctuations while providing steady income and cash flow with minimal capital investment. Other than at Coyote Creek, debt financing provided by or supported by the customers is without recourse to NACCO and NACoal. See Note 7 for further discussion of Coyote Creek's guarantees.
All operating coal mines other than MLMC meet the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). In each case, NACCO is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE as it does not exercise financial control; therefore, NACCO does not consolidate the results of these operations within its financial statements. Instead, these contracts are accounted for as equity method investments. The income before income taxes associated with these VIE's is reported as Earnings of unconsolidated operations on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Company’s investment is reported on the line Investments in
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unconsolidated subsidiaries in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The mines that meet the definition of a VIE are referred to collectively as the “Unconsolidated Subsidiaries.” For tax purposes, the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries are included within the NACCO consolidated U.S. tax return; therefore, the income tax expense line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes income taxes related to these entities. All of the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries are accounted for under the equity method. See Note 7 for further discussion.
Camino Real and Caddo Creek previously met the definition of a variable interest entity of which the Company was not the primary beneficiary and therefore NACCO did not consolidate the results of operations within its financial statements. As a result of the events described above, Camino Real and Caddo Creek are no longer VIEs. Camino Real’s financial position was consolidated within NACCO’s financial statements beginning on June 30, 2020. Camino Real’s results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 did not materially change the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Caddo Creek’s financial position will be consolidated within NACCO’s financial statements beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020. The consolidation of these entities will not materially change the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The MLMC contract is the only operating coal contract in which the Company is responsible for all operating costs, capital requirements and final mine reclamation; therefore, MLMC is consolidated within NACCO’s financial statements. MLMC sells coal to its customer at a contractually agreed-upon price which adjusts monthly, primarily based on changes in the level of established indices which reflect general U.S. inflation rates.
As of September 30, 2020, all of the Liberty Fuels Company, LLC mine areas have been reclaimed and final mine reclamation activities, primarily monitoring, will continue until final bond release.
Centennial Natural Resources (“Centennial”), located in Alabama, ceased coal production at the end of 2015.
NAMining Segment
The NAMining segment provides value-added contract mining and other services for producers of aggregates, lithium and other minerals. The segment is a primary platform for the Company’s growth and diversification outside of the coal industry. NAMining provides contract mining services for independently owned mines and quarries, creating value for its customers by performing the mining aspects of its customers’ operations. This allows customers to focus on their areas of expertise: materials handling and processing, product sales and distribution. NAMining operates primarily at limestone quarries in Florida, but is focused on expanding outside of Florida and into mining materials other than limestone.
During 2019, the Company entered into a mining agreement, through a new subsidiary, Sawtooth Mining, to serve as exclusive contract miner for the Thacker Pass lithium project in northern Nevada. The Thacker Pass Project is 100% owned by Lithium Nevada Corp. Sawtooth Mining will provide comprehensive mining services and certain equipment during the 20-year contract term. During the development of the project, Sawtooth Mining will provide Lithium Nevada $3.5 million in cash to assist in project development, of which $3.0 million and $1.5 million has been provided as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and included within Other non-current assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Lithium Nevada is in the process of securing permits and currently expects to commence construction in 2021 and production of lithium products in 2023.
NAMining utilizes both fixed price and cost plus management fee contract structures. Certain of the entities within the NAMining segment are VIEs and are accounted for under the equity method as Unconsolidated Subsidiaries. See Note 7 for further discussion.
Minerals Management Segment
The Minerals Management segment promotes the development of the Company’s gas, oil and coal reserves, generating income primarily from royalty-based lease payments from third parties. The Company’s gas, oil and undeveloped coal reserves are located in Ohio (Utica and Marcellus shale natural gas), Louisiana (Haynesville shale and Cotton Valley formation natural gas), Mississippi (coal), Pennsylvania (coal, coalbed methane and Marcellus shale natural gas), Alabama (coal and coalbed methane and natural gas) and North Dakota (coal).
The majority of the Company’s existing reserves were acquired as part of its historical coal mining operations. The Minerals Management segment derives income primarily by entering into contracts with third-party operators, granting them the rights to explore, produce and sell natural resources in exchange for royalty payments based on the lessees' sales of natural gas and, to a lesser extent, oil and coal. Specialized employees in the Minerals Management segment also provide surface and mineral acquisition and lease maintenance services related to Company operations.
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Basis of Presentation: These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of the Company at September 30, 2020, the results of its operations, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 have been included. These Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
The balance sheet at December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information or notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.
Certain amounts in prior period Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period's presentation.
NOTE 2—Revenue Recognition
Nature of Performance Obligations
At contract inception, the Company assesses the goods and services promised in its contracts with customers and identifies a performance obligation for each promised good or service that is distinct. To identify the performance obligations, the Company considers all of the goods or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices.
Each mine or mine area has a contract with its respective customer that represents a contract under ASC 606. For its consolidated entities, the Company’s performance obligations vary by contract and consist of the following:
At MLMC, each MMBtu delivered during the production period is considered a separate performance obligation. Revenue is recognized at the point in time that control of each MMBtu of lignite transfers to the customer. Fluctuations in revenue from period to period generally result from changes in customer demand.
At NAMining entities, the management service to oversee the operation of the equipment and delivery of limestone is the performance obligation accounted for as a series. Performance momentarily creates an asset that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes; therefore, control is transferred to the customer over time. Consistent with the conclusion that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided, an input-based measure of progress is appropriate. As each month of service is completed, revenue is recognized for the amount of actual costs incurred, plus the management fee and the general and administrative fee (as applicable). Fluctuations in revenue from period to period result from changes in customer demand and variances in reimbursable costs primarily due to increases and decreases in activity levels on individual contracts.
The Company enters into royalty contracts which grant the right to explore, develop, produce and sell minerals controlled by the Company. These arrangements result in the transfer of mineral rights for a period of time; however, no rights to the actual land are granted other than access for purposes of exploration, development, production and sales. The mineral rights revert back to the Company at the expiration of the contract.
Under these royalty contracts, granting exclusive right, title, and interest in and to minerals, if any, is the performance obligation. The performance obligation under these contracts represents a series of distinct goods or services whereby each day of access that is provided is distinct. The transaction price consists of a variable sales-based royalty and, in certain arrangements, a fixed component in the form of an up-front lease bonus payment. As the amount of consideration the Company will ultimately be entitled to is entirely susceptible to factors outside its control, the entire amount of variable consideration is constrained at contract inception. The fixed portion of the transaction price will be recognized over the primary term of the contract, which is generally five years.
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Significant Judgments
The Company’s contracts with its customers contain different types of variable consideration including, but not limited to, management fees that adjust based on coal volumes or MMBtu delivered or limestone yards, however, the terms of these variable payments relate specifically to the Company's efforts to satisfy one or more, but not all of, the performance obligations (or to a specific outcome from satisfying the performance obligations), in the contract. Therefore, the Company allocates each variable payment (and subsequent changes to that payment) entirely to the specific performance obligation to which it relates. Management fees, as well as general and administrative fees, are also adjusted based on changes in specified indices (e.g., CPI) to compensate for general inflation changes. Index adjustments, if applicable, are effective prospectively. Certain contracts include reimbursement of actual costs incurred.
Disaggregation of Revenue
In accordance with ASC 606-10-50, the Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into major goods and service lines and timing of transfer of goods and services. The Company determined that disaggregating revenue into these categories achieves the disclosure objective of depicting how the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company’s business consists of the Coal Mining, NAMining and Minerals Management segments as well as Unallocated Items. See Note 9 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of segment reporting.
The following table disaggregates revenue by major sources:

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
Major Goods/Service Lines | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Coal Mining | $ | 20,395 |  |  | $ | 18,799 |  |  | $ | 62,896 |  |  | $ | 58,119 |
NAMining | 9,443 |  |  | 8,993 |  |  | 33,115 |  |  | 30,496 |
Minerals Management | 2,722 |  |  | 5,022 |  |  | 9,950 |  |  | 25,950 |
Unallocated Items | 904 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 1,257 |  |  | 726 |
Eliminations | (1,169) |  |  | (263) |  |  | (1,924) |  |  | (1,239) |
Total revenues | $ | 32,295 |  |  | $ | 32,603 |  |  | $ | 105,294 |  |  | $ | 114,052 |
Timing of Revenue Recognition |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods transferred at a point in time | $ | 19,871 |  |  | $ | 18,049 |  |  | $ | 61,131 |  |  | $ | 56,012 |
Services transferred over time | 12,424 |  |  | 14,554 |  |  | 44,163 |  |  | 58,040 |
Total revenues | $ | 32,295 |  |  | $ | 32,603 |  |  | $ | 105,294 |  |  | $ | 114,052 |

Contract Balances
The opening and closing balances of the Company’s current and long-term contract liabilities and receivables are as follows:

| Contract balances
| Trade accounts receivable, net |  | Contract liability (current) |  | Contract liability (long-term)
Balance, January 1, 2020 | $ | 15,444 |  |  | $ | 944 |  |  | $ | 2,153 |
Balance, September 30, 2020 | 16,507 |  |  | 941 |  |  | 1,448 |
Increase (decrease) | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | (705) |

As described above, the Company enters into royalty contracts that grant exclusive right, title, and interest in and to minerals. The transaction price consists of a variable sales-based royalty and, in certain arrangements, a fixed component in the form of an up-front lease bonus payment. The timing of the payment of the fixed portion of the transaction price is upfront, however, the performance obligation is satisfied over the primary term of the contract, which is generally five years. Therefore, at the time any such up-front payment is received, a contract liability is recorded which represents deferred revenue. The difference between the opening and closing balance of this contract liability, which is shown above, primarily results from the difference between new lease bonus payments received and amortization of up-front lease bonus payments received in previous periods.
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The amount of revenue recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 that was included in the opening contract liability was $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The amount of revenue recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 that was included in the opening contract liability was $0.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. This revenue consists of up-front lease bonus payments received under royalty contracts that are recognized over the primary term of the royalty contracts, which are generally five years. The Company expects to recognize an additional $0.2 million in the remainder of 2020, $0.9 million in 2021, $0.7 million in 2022, $0.3 million in 2023, and $0.1 million in 2024 related to the contract liability remaining at September 30, 2020. The difference between the opening and closing balances of the Company’s accounts receivable and contract liabilities results from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment. Contracts with payments in arrears are recognized as receivables.
The Company has no contract assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer.
NOTE 3—Inventories
Inventories are summarized as follows:

| SEPTEMBER 30 2020 |  | DECEMBER 31 2019
Coal | $ | 12,161 |  |  | $ | 15,700 |
Mining supplies | 30,272 |  |  | 24,765 |
Total inventories | $ | 42,433 |  |  | $ | 40,465 |

NOTE 4—Leases
NACCO adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), on January 1, 2019. The most significant effect to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets relates to the recognition of new right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases of real estate, mining and other equipment that expire at various dates through 2031. The majority of the Company's leases are operating leases. See the table below for further information on the balances included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Several leases include renewal or fair value purchase options, which are not recognized on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company's lease agreements do not contain lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, as such, minimum lease payments do not include variable lease payments.
Leased assets and liabilities include the following:

Description | Location | SEPTEMBER 30 2020 | DECEMBER 31 2019
Assets |  |  |
Operating | Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 10,448 |  | $ | 11,398 |
Finance | Property, plant and equipment, net (a) | $ | 144 |  | $ | 544 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current |  |  |
Operating | Other current liabilities | $ | 1,296 |  | $ | 1,318 |
Finance | Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 44 |  | $ | 558 |
Noncurrent |  |  |
Operating | Operating lease liabilities | $ | 11,494 |  | $ | 12,448 |
Finance | Long-term debt | $ | 103 |  | $ | 85 |

(a) Finance leased assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of less than $0.1 million and $1.9 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
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The components of lease expense were as follows:

|  | THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
|  | SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
Description | Location | 2020 | 2019 |  | 2020 | 2019
Lease expense |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost | Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 499 |  | $ | 569 |  |  | $ | 1,513 |  | $ | 1,783 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of leased assets | Cost of sales | 10 |  | 104 |  |  | 113 |  | 300 |
Interest on lease liabilities | Interest expense | 2 |  | 4 |  |  | 8 |  | 10 |
Variable lease expense | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 157 |  | 141 |  |  | 444 |  | 416 |
Short-term lease expense | Selling, general and administrative expenses | 89 |  | 79 |  |  | 248 |  | 242 |
Total lease expense |  | $ | 757 |  | $ | 897 |  |  | $ | 2,326 |  | $ | 2,751 |

Future minimum finance and operating lease payments were as follows at September 30, 2020:

| Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases |  | Total
Remainder of 2020 | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 532 |  |  | $ | 545 |
2021 | 49 |  |  | 2,113 |  |  | 2,162 |
2022 | 49 |  |  | 2,162 |  |  | 2,211 |
2023 | 28 |  |  | 1,685 |  |  | 1,713 |
2024 | 12 |  |  | 1,660 |  |  | 1,672 |
Subsequent to 2024 | 7 |  |  | 9,421 |  |  | 9,428 |
Total minimum lease payments | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 17,573 |  |  | $ | 17,731 |
Amounts representing interest | 11 |  |  | 4,783 |  |  |
Present value of net minimum lease payments | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 12,790 |  |  |

As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company determines the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company considers its credit rating and the current economic environment in determining this collateralized rate. The assumptions used in accounting for ASC 842 were as follows:

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
Lease term and discount rate | 2020 | 2019 |  | 2020 | 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  |  |  |  |
Operating | 9.19 | 9.76 |  | 9.19 | 9.76
Finance | 3.47 | 1.95 |  | 3.47 | 1.95
Weighted average discount rate |  |  |  |  |
Operating | 7.01 | % | 6.99 | % |  | 7.01 | % | 6.99 | %
Finance | 3.96 | % | 5.36 | % |  | 3.96 | % | 5.36 | %

The following table details cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities | 2020 | 2019 |  | 2020 | 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 532 |  | $ | 608 |  |  | $ | 1,646 |  | $ | 1,768 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | 2 |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 8 |  | $ | 10 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | 9 |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 551 |  | $ | 347 |

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NOTE 5—Stockholders' Equity
Stock Repurchase Program: On November 6, 2019, the Company's Board of Directors approved a stock purchase program ("2019 Stock Repurchase Program") providing for the purchase of up to $25 million of the Company's outstanding Class A Common Stock through December 31, 2021. NACCO's previous repurchase program ("2018 Stock Repurchase Program") would have expired on December 31, 2019 but was terminated and replaced by the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program. As a result of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company suspended repurchasing shares under the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program in March 2020. Prior to the decision to cease share repurchases, the Company repurchased 32,286 shares of Class A Common Stock under the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program for an aggregate purchase price of $1.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 525 and 39,049 shares, respectively, of Class A Common Stock under the 2018 Stock Repurchase Program for an aggregate purchase price of less than $0.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively.
The timing and amount of any repurchases under the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program are determined at the discretion of the Company's management based on a number of factors, including the availability of capital, other capital allocation alternatives, market conditions for the Company's Class A Common Stock and other legal and contractual restrictions. The 2019 Stock Repurchase Program does not require the Company to acquire any specific number of shares and may be modified, suspended, extended or terminated by the Company without prior notice and may be executed through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. All or part of the repurchases under the 2019 Stock Repurchase Program may be implemented under a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, which would allow repurchases under pre-set terms at times when the Company might otherwise be restricted from doing so under applicable securities laws.
NOTE 6—Fair Value Disclosure
Recurring Fair Value Measurements: The following table presents the Company's assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices in |  |  |  | Significant
|  |  |  | Active Markets for |  | Significant Other |  | Unobservable
|  |  |  | Identical Assets |  | Observable Inputs |  | Inputs
Description |  | Date |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
|  | September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  | $ | 12,238 |  |  | $ | 12,238 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  | $ | 10,120 |  |  | $ | 10,120 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  | $ | 10,120 |  |  | $ | 10,120 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Bellaire Corporation (“Bellaire”) is a non-operating subsidiary of the Company with legacy liabilities relating to closed mining operations, primarily former Eastern U.S. underground coal mining operations. Prior to 2019, Bellaire established a $5.0 million mine water treatment trust (the "Mine Water Treatment Trust") to provide a financial assurance mechanism to assure the long-term treatment of post-mining discharge. Bellaire's Mine Water Treatment Trust invests in equity securities that are reported at fair value based upon quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets; therefore, they are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company recognized a gain of $0.5 million and $0.4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and a gain of $0.1 million and $1.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, related to the Mine Water Treatment Trust.
During the second quarter of 2020, the Company invested $2.0 million in equity securities of a public company with a diversified portfolio of royalty producing mineral interests. The investment is reported at fair value based upon quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets; therefore, it is classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy. The Company recognized a loss of $0.5 million and $0.1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, related to the investment in these equity securities.
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The gains and losses related to equity securities are reported on the line Gain on equity securities in the Other (income) expense section of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
There were no transfers into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
NOTE 7—Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
Each of NACoal's wholly owned Unconsolidated Subsidiaries, within the Coal Mining and NAMining segments, meet the definition of a VIE. The Unconsolidated Subsidiaries are capitalized primarily with debt financing provided by or supported by their respective customers, and other than at Coyote Creek, without recourse to NACCO and NACoal. Although NACoal owns 100% of the equity and manages the daily operations of the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries, the Company has determined that the equity capital provided by NACoal is not sufficient to adequately finance the ongoing activities or absorb any expected losses without additional support from the customers. The customers have a controlling financial interest and have the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the economic performance of the entities. As a result, the Company is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these entities' financial positions or results of operations. See Note 1 for a discussion of these entities.
The Investment in the unconsolidated subsidiaries and related tax positions totaled $25.5 million and $24.6 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company's maximum risk of loss relating to these entities is limited to its invested capital, which was $4.4 million and $5.0 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
NACoal is a party to certain guarantees related to Coyote Creek. Under certain circumstances of default or termination of Coyote Creek’s Lignite Sales Agreement (“LSA”), NACoal would be obligated for payment of a "make-whole" amount to Coyote Creek’s third-party lenders. The “make-whole” amount is based on the excess, if any, of the discounted value of the remaining scheduled debt payments over the principal amount. In addition, in the event Coyote Creek’s LSA is terminated on or after January 1, 2024 by Coyote Creek’s customers, NACoal is obligated to purchase Coyote Creek’s dragline and rolling stock for the then net book value of those assets. To date, no payments have been required from NACoal since the inception of these guarantees. The Company believes that the likelihood NACoal would be required to perform under the guarantees is remote, and no amounts related to these guarantees have been recorded.
Summarized financial information for the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries is as follows:

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Gross profit | $ | 18,046 |  |  | $ | 20,059 |  |  | $ | 49,792 |  |  | $ | 53,826 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 15,629 |  |  | $ | 17,827 |  |  | $ | 45,673 |  |  | $ | 49,080 |

NOTE 8—Contingencies
Various legal and regulatory proceedings and claims have been or may be asserted against NACCO and certain subsidiaries relating to the conduct of their businesses. These proceedings and claims are incidental to the ordinary course of business of the Company. Management believes that it has meritorious defenses and will vigorously defend the Company in these actions. Any costs that management estimates will be paid as a result of these claims are accrued when the liability is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum of the range is accrued. The Company does not accrue liabilities when the likelihood that the liability has been incurred is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the liability is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is probable or reasonably possible and which are material, the Company discloses the nature of the contingency and, in some circumstances, an estimate of the possible loss.
These matters are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings could occur. If an unfavorable ruling were to occur, there exists the possibility of an adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the period in which the ruling occurs, or in future periods.
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NOTE 9—Business Segments
The Company's operating segments are: (i) Coal Mining, (ii) NAMining and (iii) Minerals Management. While the Company continues to pursue opportunities to add new coal mining operations to the Coal Mining segment, the NAMining segment serves as the platform for pursuing non-coal mining projects and the Minerals Management segment promotes the development of the Company's gas, oil and coal reserves.
The Company determines its reportable segments by first identifying its operating segments, and then by assessing whether any components of these segments constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available and where segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker utilizes operating profit to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources.
The Company also has unallocated items not directly attributable to a reportable segment which are not included as part of the measurement of segment operating profit, primarily administrative costs related to public company reporting requirements, the financial results of the Company’s mitigation banking business, Mitigation Resources of North America® (“MRNA”), and Bellaire. MRNA generates and sells stream and wetland mitigation credits (known as mitigation banking) and provides services to those engaged in permittee-responsible stream and wetland mitigation. Bellaire manages the Company’s long-term liabilities related to former Eastern U.S. underground mining activities. Transactions between segments are accounted for as third-party arrangements for purposes of presenting segment results of operations and are eliminated in consolidation.
As of January 1, 2020, the Company retrospectively changed its computation of segment operating profit to reclassify certain expenses, primarily related to executive and board compensation. These expenses are now included in unallocated items. The change in segment reporting reflected a decision to evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s segments excluding executive and board compensation. All prior period segment information has been reclassified to conform to the new presentation. This segment reporting change has no impact on consolidated operating results.
All financial statement line items below operating profit (other income including interest expense and interest income, the provision for income taxes and net income) are presented and discussed within this Form 10-Q on a consolidated basis. Included within other income on the line Income from other unconsolidated affiliates within the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is the financial results of NoDak Energy Services, LLC ("NoDak"). NoDak operated and maintained a coal drying system at a customer’s power plant. The NoDak contract expired in the first quarter of 2020.
See Note 1 for additional discussion of the Company's reportable segments. The following tables present revenue, operating profit, depreciation expense and capital expenditures:

| THREE MONTHS ENDED |  | NINE MONTHS ENDED
| SEPTEMBER 30 |  | SEPTEMBER 30
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coal Mining | $ | 20,395 |  |  | $ | 18,799 |  |  | $ | 62,896 |  |  | $ | 58,119 |
NAMining | 9,443 |  |  | 8,993 |  |  | 33,115 |  |  | 30,496 |
Minerals Management | 2,722 |  |  | 5,022 |  |  | 9,950 |  |  | 25,950 |
Unallocated Items | 904 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 1,257 |  |  | 726 |
Eliminations | (1,169) |  |  | (263) |  |  | (1,924) |  |  | (1,239) |
Total | $ | 32,295 |  |  | $ | 32,603 |  |  | $ | 105,294 |  |  | $ | 114,052 |
Operating profit (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coal Mining | $ | 11,174 |  |  | $ | 10,492 |  |  | $ | 25,857 |  |  | $ | 27,761 |
NAMining | 244 |  |  | (358) |  |  | 1,519 |  |  | (743) |
Minerals Management | 1,673 |  |  | 3,900 |  |  | 6,450 |  |  | 22,358 |
Unallocated Items | (3,623) |  |  | (5,470) |  |  | (12,341) |  |  | (15,336) |
Eliminations | (70) |  |  | 99 |  |  | (25) |  |  | 157 |
Total | $ | 9,398 |  |  | $ | 8,663 |  |  | $ | 21,460 |  |  | $ | 34,197 |

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Expenditures for property, plant and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coal Mining | $ | 3,150 |  |  | $ | 2,291 |  |  | $ | 7,817 |  |  | $ | 6,542 |
NAMining | 3,220 |  |  | 4,971 |  |  | 10,406 |  |  | 6,213 |
Minerals Management | 633 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,372 |  |  | 291 |
Unallocated Items | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 218 |
Total | $ | 7,003 |  |  | $ | 7,297 |  |  | $ | 19,802 |  |  | $ | 13,264 |
Depreciation, depletion and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coal Mining | $ | 3,793 |  |  | $ | 3,102 |  |  | $ | 10,951 |  |  | $ | 9,252 |
NAMining | 723 |  |  | 588 |  |  | 2,021 |  |  | 1,699 |
Minerals Management | 327 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 981 |  |  | 1,057 |
Unallocated Items | 33 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 87 |
Total | $ | 4,876 |  |  | $ | 4,044 |  |  | $ | 14,044 |  |  | $ | 12,095 |

NOTE 10—Income Taxes
The Company evaluates and updates its estimated annual effective income tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted operating results and tax laws. Consequently, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings compared to projections of earnings between entities that benefit from percentage depletion and those that do not, the effective tax rate may vary quarterly. The quarterly income tax provision is generally comprised of tax expense on income or a benefit on a loss at the most recent estimated annual effective income tax rate, adjusted for the effect of discrete items.
The Company recorded income tax expense of $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, or 18.8%, on income before income tax of $9.9 million, compared to income tax expense of $1.4 million, or 11.7%, on income before income tax of $11.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The three months ended September 30, 2020 include $4.2 million of discrete tax charges primarily related to settlement of tax examinations and changes in uncertain tax positions partially offset by a discrete tax benefit of $2.2 million, primarily due to return to provision adjustments. Discrete tax items in the three months ended September 30, 2019 were not material.
The Company recorded income tax expense of $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, or 6.1%, on income before income tax of $21.6 million, compared to income tax expense of $5.5 million, or 14.1%, on income before income tax of $38.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The nine months ended September 30, 2020 include $4.2 million of discrete tax charges primarily related to settlement of tax examinations and changes in uncertain tax positions partially offset by a benefit of $1.8 million, primarily due to return to provision adjustments. Discrete tax items in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were not material.
The return to provision adjustments recognized in 2020 include the utilization of the net operating loss carry back provisions allowed under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, including among other items, temporary changes regarding the utilization of net operating losses. The CARES Act allows net operating tax losses incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes.
The Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate, excluding discrete items, was (5.2%) and 14.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The estimated annual effective income tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate due to the benefit from percentage depletion and in 2020 includes the benefit of utilizing the forecasted current year net operating tax loss that would otherwise be deductible at the current 21% statutory rate to offset taxable income in years that were taxed at a 35% rate. The Company expects to generate a net operating tax loss in 2020 primarily due to the realization of certain deferred tax assets.
NOTE 11—Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company’s obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets are recognized at fair value at the time the legal obligations are incurred. Upon initial recognition of a liability, a corresponding amount is capitalized as part of the carrying value of the related long-lived asset and is depreciated either by the straight-line method or the units-of-production method. The liability is accreted each period until the liability is settled or the asset is sold, at which time the liability is removed. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.
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The Company's asset retirement obligations are principally for costs to close its surface mines and reclaim the land it has disturbed as a result of its normal mining activities as well as for costs to dismantle certain mining equipment at the end of the life of the mine. Management’s estimate involves a high degree of subjectivity. In particular, the obligation’s fair value is determined using a discounted cash flow technique and is based upon mining permit requirements and various assumptions including credit adjusted risk-free-rates, estimates of disturbed acreage, life of the mine, reclamation costs, the application of various environmental laws and regulation and assumptions regarding equipment productivity. The Company reviews its asset retirement obligations at each mine site at least annually and makes necessary adjustments for permit changes and for revisions of estimates of the timing and extent of reclamation activities and cost estimates.
The accretion of the liability is being recognized over the estimated life of each individual asset retirement obligation and is recorded in the line “Cost of sales” in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The associated asset is recorded in “Property, Plant and Equipment, net” in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The depreciation of the asset is recorded in the line “Cost of sales” in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
A reconciliation of the Company's beginning and ending aggregate carrying amount of the asset retirement obligations is as follows:

|  | Coal Mining |  | NAMining |  | Unallocated Items |  | NACCO Consolidated
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 19,015 |  |  | $ | 604 |  |  | $ | 17,240 |  |  | $ | 36,859 |
Liabilities incurred during the period |  | 9,809 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,809 |
Liabilities settled during the period |  | (5,957) |  |  | — |  |  | (562) |  |  | (6,519) |
Accretion expense |  | 1,296 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 1,023 |  |  | 2,347 |
Revision of estimated cash flows |  | 600 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 24,763 |  |  | $ | 632 |  |  | $ | 17,701 |  |  | $ | 43,096 |

Asset retirement obligations are incurred at the time development of a new mine or mine area commences. During the third quarter of 2020, MLMC began development of a new mine area and as such, recorded an additional $9.8 million asset retirement obligation and a corresponding $9.8 million asset was capitalized as a component of Property, plant and equipment, net. The asset retirement obligation’s fair value was determined using a discounted cash flow technique and is based upon permit requirements and various estimates and assumptions that would be used by market participants, including estimates of disturbed acreage, reclamation costs and assumptions regarding equipment productivity.
During the third quarter of 2020, the Company transferred the mine permits for certain Centennial mines to an unrelated third party. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has $10.7 million of surety bonds outstanding related to the mines associated with the transferred mine permits. The third party that acquired the mine permits is required as part of the transaction to transfer or replace $4.9 million of the Company's outstanding surety bonds during the fourth quarter of 2020 and transfer or replace the remaining $5.8 million of outstanding surety bonds as soon thereafter as it is able.
If there is a claim under these surety bonds prior to the transfer or replacement of such bonds, the Company would be responsible to the surety company for any amounts it pays with respect to such claim, up to the amount of the outstanding surety bonds. As a result of the transfer of the mine permits, the Company was relieved of the associated mine reclamation obligations and therefore recorded a $4.8 million reduction to Centennial's asset retirement obligation, included in "Liabilities settled during the period" in the table above. In addition, as part of the transfer of the mine permits, the Company paid $1.9 million of cash, recorded $1.4 million in Other current assets for amounts owed to Centennial from the third-party acquirer, and recognized $1.9 million in Accounts payable and $2.4 million in Other long-term liabilities in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The liabilities are associated with amounts due to the third-party acquirer upon transfer or replacement of the surety bonds and a liability for the guarantee to stand ready to perform in the event there is a claim under the surety bonds. No payments have been required since the inception of these guarantees.
Bellaire is a non-operating subsidiary of the Company with legacy liabilities relating to closed mining operations, primarily former Eastern U.S. underground coal mining operations. These legacy liabilities include obligations for water treatment and other environmental remediation that arose as part of the normal course of closing these underground mining operations. The accretion of the liability is recognized over the estimated life of the asset retirement obligation and is recorded in the line “Closed mine obligations” in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Since Bellaire's properties are no longer active operations, no associated asset has been capitalized.
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The fair value of Bellaire's Mine Water Treatment assets, which are recognized as a component of Other non-current assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are $10.3 million and $10.1 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and are legally restricted for purposes of settling the Bellaire asset retirement obligation. See Note 6 for further discussion of the Mine Water Treatment Trust.
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Item 2. - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Dollars in thousands, except as noted and per share data)
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon management's current expectations and are subject to various uncertainties and changes in circumstances. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in these forward-looking statements are set forth below under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements."
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations include NACCO Industries, Inc.® (“NACCO”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). NACCO is the public holding company for The North American Coal Corporation®. The North American Coal Corporation and its affiliated companies (collectively, “NACoal”) operate in the mining and natural resources industries through three operating segments: Coal Mining, North American Mining ("NAMining") and Minerals Management. The Coal Mining segment operates surface coal mines under long-term contracts with power generation companies and an activated carbon producer pursuant to a service-based business model. The NAMining segment provides value-added contract mining and other services for producers of aggregates, lithium and other minerals. The Minerals Management segment promotes the development of the Company’s gas, oil and coal reserves, generating income primarily from royalty-based lease payments from third parties.
The Company also has unallocated items not directly attributable to a reportable segment which are not included as part of the measurement of segment operating profit, primarily administrative costs related to public company reporting requirements, the financial results of the Company’s mitigation banking business, Mitigation Resources of North America® (“MRNA”), and Bellaire Corporation (“Bellaire”). MRNA generates and sells stream and wetland mitigation credits (known as mitigation banking) and provides services to those engaged in permittee-responsible stream and wetland mitigation. Bellaire manages the Company’s long-term liabilities related to former Eastern U.S. underground mining activities.
As of January 1, 2020, the Company retrospectively changed its computation of segment operating profit to reclassify certain expenses, primarily related to executive and board compensation. These expenses are now included in unallocated items. The change in segment reporting reflected a decision to evaluate the financial performance of the Company’s segments excluding executive and board compensation. All prior period segment information has been reclassified to conform to the new presentation. This segment reporting change has no impact on consolidated operating results.
All financial statement line items below operating profit (other income, including interest expense and interest income, the provision for income taxes and net income) are presented and discussed within this Form 10-Q on a consolidated basis.
The Company has continued to operate as an essential business during the COVID-19 pandemic because it supports critical infrastructure industries. The Company has procedures to limit the exposure of employees to the spread of COVID-19. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts the Company going forward will depend on numerous factors and future developments that remain uncertain.
The Company’s operating segments are further described below:
Coal Mining Segment
The Coal Mining segment operates surface coal mines under long-term contracts with power generation companies and an activated carbon producer pursuant to a service-based business model. Coal is surface-mined in North Dakota, Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana and on the Navajo Nation in New Mexico. Each mine is fully integrated with its customer operations.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the operating coal mines were: Bisti Fuels LLC (“Bisti”), Caddo Creek Resources Company, LLC (“Caddo Creek”), The Coteau Properties Company (“Coteau”), Coyote Creek Mining Company, LLC (“Coyote Creek”), Demery Resources Company, LLC (“Demery”), The Falkirk Mining Company (“Falkirk”), Mississippi Lignite Mining Company (“MLMC”) and The Sabine Mining Company (“Sabine”).
On September 30, 2020, Caddo Creek’s customer, a division of Cabot Corporation, entered into a long-term supply agreement with a subsidiary of Advanced Emissions Solutions (“AES”) as well as an agreement for the sale of the Marshall Mine, operated by Caddo Creek, to a subsidiary of AES. AES announced its intent to close the Marshall Mine. Caddo Creek entered into a contract with a subsidiary of AES to perform the required mine reclamation. In 2019, total tons delivered by the Coal Mining segment was 34.6 million tons, of which 0.2 million tons related to Caddo Creek.
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All production from the Sabine Mine is delivered to Southwestern Electric Power Company's Henry W. Pirkey Plant. The Pirkey power plant has been dispatched at a lower rate during the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019, resulting in a 43% reduction in tons delivered in 2020 compared with 2019. During the third quarter of 2020, Sabine’s customer reduced its expected future annual deliveries to be between 1.4 million and 1.7 million tons of lignite coal. Sabine historically has delivered between 2.5 million and 3.5 million tons of lignite coal annually, including 2.6 million tons in 2019 and 3.8 million tons in 2018.
The contract mining agreement between Camino Real Fuels, LLC (“Camino Real”) and its customer, Dos Republicas Coal Partnership (“DRCP”), terminated effective July 1, 2020 as a result of the unexpected termination by Comisión Federal de Electricidad (“CFE”) of its coal supply contract with an affiliate of DRCP. The termination of the contract between CFE and DRCP eliminated DRCP’s need for coal from Camino Real's Eagle Pass Mine, and resulted in mine closure. Mine reclamation is the responsibility of DRCP. Camino Real has no legal obligation to perform mine reclamation.
On May 7, 2020, Great River Energy ("GRE"), Falkirk Mine's customer, and the Company's second largest customer, announced its intent to retire the Coal Creek Station power plant in the second half of 2022 and modify the Spiritwood Station power plant to be fueled by natural gas. As noted in the announcement, GRE is willing to consider opportunities to sell Coal Creek Station. NACCO is actively engaged in the exploration of options that could, if successful, allow for transfer of ownership of the power plant to one or more third parties, which would preserve jobs at both Coal Creek Station and the Falkirk Mine. The Company believes Coal Creek Station is an efficient, economic and attractive generation and capacity asset, and its continued long-term operation is in the best interests of the employees and the local community.
Falkirk Mine is the sole supplier of lignite coal to Coal Creek Station pursuant to a long-term contract under which Falkirk also supplies approximately 0.3 million tons of lignite coal per year to Spiritwood Station. Falkirk has approximately 480 employees, and, in 2019, delivered a total of 7.4 million tons of lignite coal and contributed approximately $16 million to NACCO’s Earnings from Unconsolidated Operations. The closure of Coal Creek Station would have a material adverse effect on the long-term earnings of NACCO. The terms of the contract between the Company and GRE specify that GRE is responsible for all costs related to mine closure, including but not limited to, final mine reclamation costs, post-retirement medical benefits and pension costs with respect to Falkirk employees.
Coteau, Coyote, Falkirk, MLMC and Sabine supply lignite coal for power generation. Bisti supplies sub-bituminous coal for power generation. Demery supplies lignite coal for the production of activated carbon. Each of these mines deliver their coal production to adjacent or nearby power plants, synfuels plants or an activated carbon processing facility under long-term supply contracts. Each operating mine is the exclusive supplier of coal to its customers' facilities.
At all operating coal mines other than MLMC, the Company is paid a management fee per ton of coal or heating unit (MMBtu) delivered. Each contract specifies the indices and mechanics by which fees change over time, generally in line with broad measures of U.S. inflation. The customers are responsible for funding all mine operating costs, including final mine reclamation, and directly or indirectly providing all of the capital required to build and operate the mine. This contract structure eliminates exposure to spot coal market price fluctuations while providing steady income and cash flow with minimal capital investment. Other than at Coyote Creek, debt financing provided by or supported by the customers is without recourse to NACCO and NACoal. See Note 7 for further discussion of Coyote Creek's guarantees.
All operating coal mines other than MLMC meet the definition of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). In each case, NACCO is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE as it does not exercise financial control; therefore, NACCO does not consolidate the results of these operations within its financial statements. Instead, these contracts are accounted for as equity method investments. The income before income taxes associated with these VIE's is reported as Earnings of unconsolidated operations on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the Company’s investment is reported on the line Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The mines that meet the definition of a VIE are referred to collectively as the “Unconsolidated Subsidiaries.” For tax purposes, the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries are included within the NACCO consolidated U.S. tax return; therefore, the income tax expense line on the Consolidated Statements of Operations includes income taxes related to these entities. All of the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries are accounted for under the equity method. See Note 7 for further discussion.
Camino Real and Caddo Creek previously met the definition of a variable interest entity of which the Company was not the primary beneficiary and therefore NACCO did not consolidate the results of operations within its financial statements. As a result of the events described above, Camino Real and Caddo Creek are no longer VIEs. Camino Real’s financial position was consolidated within NACCO’s financial statements beginning on June 30, 2020. Camino Real’s results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 did not materially change the Company's Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Caddo Creek’s financial position will be consolidated within NACCO’s financial statements
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beginning in the fourth quarter of 2020. The consolidation of these entities will not materially change the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The MLMC contract is the only operating coal contract in which the Company is responsible for all operating costs, capital requirements and final mine reclamation; therefore, MLMC is consolidated within NACCO’s financial statements. MLMC sells coal to its customer at a contractually agreed-upon price which adjusts monthly, primarily based on changes in the level of established indices which reflect general U.S. inflation rates. Profitability at MLMC is affected by customer demand for coal, changes in the indices that determine sales price and actual costs incurred. As diesel fuel is heavily weighted among the indices used to determine the coal sales price, the persistence of low diesel fuel prices can negatively affect earnings at MLMC.
MLMC delivers coal to the Red Hills Power Plant in Ackerman, Mississippi. The Red Hills Power Plant supplies electricity to the Tennessee Valley Authority ("TVA") under a long-term Power Purchase Agreement. MLMC’s contract with its customer runs through 2032. TVA’s power portfolio includes coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, natural gas and renewables. The decision of which power plants to dispatch is determined by TVA.
As of September 30, 2020, all of the Liberty Fuels Company, LLC mine areas have been reclaimed and final mine reclamation activities, primarily monitoring, will continue until final bond release.
Centennial Natural Resources (“Centennial”), located in Alabama, ceased coal production at the end of 2015.
The coal reserves at Coteau, Falkirk, Coyote, MLMC and Centennial are owned or controlled by the Company. The coal reserves at all other mines are owned or controlled by the respective mine’s customer.
The Company performs contemporaneous reclamation activities at each mine in the normal course of operations. Under all of the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries’ contracts, the customer has the obligation to fund final mine reclamation activities. Under certain contracts, the Unconsolidated Subsidiary holds the mine permit and is therefore responsible for final mine reclamation activities. To the extent the Unconsolidated Subsidiary performs such final reclamation, it is compensated for providing those services in addition to receiving reimbursement from customers for costs incurred.
The contracts under which certain of the Unconsolidated Subsidiaries operate provide that, under certain conditions, including default, the customer(s) involved may elect or be obligated to acquire the assets (subject to the liabilities) or the capital stock of the Coal Mining subsidiary for an amount effectively equal to book value. The Company does not know of any conditions of default that currently exist.
NAMining Segment
The NAMining segment provides value-added contract mining and other services for producers of aggregates, lithium and other minerals. The segment is a primary platform for the Company’s growth and diversification outside of the coal industry. NAMining provides contract mining services for independently owned mines and quarries, creating value for its customers by performing the mining aspects of its customers’ operations. This allows customers to focus on their areas of expertise: materials handling and processing, product sales and distribution. NAMining operates primarily at limestone quarries in Florida, but is focused on expanding outside of Florida and into mining materials other than limestone.
During 2019, the Company entered into a mining agreement, through a new subsidiary, Sawtooth Mining, to serve as exclusive contract miner for the Thacker Pass lithium project in northern Nevada. The Thacker Pass Project is 100% owned by Lithium Nevada Corp. Sawtooth Mining will provide comprehensive mining services and certain equipment during the 20-year contract term. Lithium Nevada is in the process of securing permits and currently expects to commence construction in 2021 and production of lithium products in 2023.
NAMining utilizes both fixed price and cost plus management fee contract structures. Certain of the entities within the NAMining segment are VIEs and are accounted for under the equity method as Unconsolidated Subsidiaries. See Note 7 for further discussion.
Minerals Management Segment
The Minerals Management segment promotes the development of the Company’s gas, oil and coal reserves, generating income primarily from royalty-based lease payments from third parties. The Company’s gas, oil and undeveloped coal reserves are located in Ohio (Utica and Marcellus shale natural gas), Louisiana (Haynesville shale and Cotton Valley formation natural gas), Texas (Permian basin oil and natural gas), Mississippi (coal), Pennsylvania (coal, coalbed methane and Marcellus shale natural gas), Alabama (coal and coalbed methane and natural gas) and North Dakota (coal).
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The majority of the Company’s existing reserves were acquired as part of its historical coal mining operations. The Minerals Management segment derives income primarily by entering into contracts with third-party operators, granting them the rights to explore, produce and sell natural resources in exchange for royalty payments based on the lessees' sales of natural gas and, to a lesser extent, oil and coal. Specialized employees in the Minerals Management segment also provide surface and mineral acquisition and lease maintenance services related to Company operations.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Refer to the discussion of the Company's Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates as disclosed on pages 30 through 32 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company's Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates have not materially changed since December 31, 2019.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SUMMARY
The results of operations for NACCO were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| THREE MONTHS |  | NINE MONTHS
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coal Mining | $ | 20,395 |  |  | $ | 18,799 |  |  | $ | 62,896 |  |  | $ | 58,119 |
NAMining | 9,443 |  |  | 8,993 |  |  | 33,115 |  |  | 30,496 |
Minerals Management | 2,722 |  |  | 5,022 |  |  | 9,950 |  |  | 25,950 |
Unallocated Items | 904 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 1,257 |  |  | 726 |
Eliminations | (1,169) |  |  | (263) |  |  | (1,924) |  |  | (1,239) |
Total revenue | $ | 32,295 |  |  | $ | 32,603 |  |  | $ | 105,294 |  |  | $ | 114,052 |
Operating profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coal Mining | $ | 11,174 |  |  | $ | 10,492 |  |  | $ | 25,857 |  |  | $ | 27,761 |
NAMining | 244 |  |  | (358) |  |  | 1,519 |  |  | (743) |
Minerals Management | 1,673 |  |  | 3,900 |  |  | 6,450 |  |  | 22,358 |
Unallocated Items | (3,623) |  |  | (5,470) |  |  | (12,341) |  |  | (15,336) |
Eliminations | (70) |  |  | 99 |  |  | (25) |  |  | 157 |
Total operating profit | $ | 9,398 |  |  | $ | 8,663 |  |  | $ | 21,460 |  |  | $ | 34,197 |
Interest expense | 336 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 1,069 |  |  | 683 |
Interest income | (95) |  |  | (1,878) |  |  | (625) |  |  | (3,012) |
Income from other unconsolidated affiliates | (18) |  |  | (327) |  |  | (230) |  |  | (972) |
Closed mine obligations | 395 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 1,219 |  |  | 1,079 |
Gain on equity securities | (35) |  |  | (108) |  |  | (351) |  |  | (1,067) |
Other, net | (1,064) |  |  | (1,258) |  |  | (1,181) |  |  | (1,236) |
Other (income) expense, net | (481) |  |  | (2,958) |  |  | (99) |  |  | (4,525) |
Income before income tax provision | 9,879 |  |  | 11,621 |  |  | 21,559 |  |  | 38,722 |
Income tax provision | 1,857 |  |  | 1,357 |  |  | 1,321 |  |  | 5,465 |
Net income | $ | 8,022 |  |  | $ | 10,264 |  |  | $ | 20,238 |  |  | $ | 33,257 |
Effective income tax rate | 18.8 | % |  | 11.7 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | 14.1 | %

The components of the change in revenues and operating profit are discussed below in "Segment Results."
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Third Quarter of 2020 Compared with Third Quarter of 2019 and First Nine Months of 2020 Compared with First Nine Months of 2019
Other (income) expense, net
North American Coal Corporation India Private Limited ("NACC India") was formed to provide technical business advisory services to the third-party owner of a coal mine in India. During 2014, NACC India's customer defaulted on its contractual payment obligations and as a result of this default, NACC India terminated its contract with the customer and began pursuing contractual remedies. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company received payment of $2.7 million from NACC India's customer, of which $1.4 million related to past invoices and has been reported on the line Other, net, and $1.3 million represented interest income and has been reported on the line Interest income. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company received an additional payment of $1.0 million from NACC India's customer which has been reported on the line, Other, net. Both of these lines are in the Other (income) expense section of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company does not expect to receive any additional payments from NACC India’s customer.
Interest expense increased in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2020 compared with the 2019 periods by $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, due to higher average borrowings.
Interest income decreased in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2020 compared with the 2019 periods by $1.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, primarily due to the interest income related to the NACC India customer payment the Company received in 2019 and lower interest rates despite a higher average invested cash balance.
Income from other unconsolidated affiliates represents the financial results of NoDak. NoDak operated and maintained a coal drying system at a customer’s power plant. The NoDak contract expired on January 31, 2020, resulting in decreases of $0.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, in Income from other unconsolidated affiliates during the third quarter and the first nine months of 2020 compared with the 2019 periods. Income from NoDak was $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Gain on equity securities represents changes in the market price of invested assets reported at fair value. The change in the gains during the third quarter and the first nine months of 2020 compared with the gains during the 2019 periods was due to lower returns on invested assets. See Note 6 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of equity securities.
Income Taxes
The Company evaluates and updates its estimated annual effective income tax rate on a quarterly basis based on current and forecasted operating results and tax laws. Consequently, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings compared to projections of earnings between entities that benefit from percentage depletion and those that do not, the effective tax rate may vary quarterly. The quarterly income tax provision is generally comprised of tax expense on income or a benefit on a loss at the most recent estimated annual effective income tax rate, adjusted for the effect of discrete items.
The Company recorded income tax expense of $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, or 18.8%, on income before income tax of $9.9 million, compared to income tax expense of $1.4 million, or 11.7%, on income before income tax of $11.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The three months ended September 30, 2020 include $4.2 million of discrete tax charges primarily related to settlement of tax examinations and changes in uncertain tax positions partially offset by a discrete tax benefit of $2.2 million, primarily due to return to provision adjustments. Discrete tax items in the three months ended September 30, 2019 were not material.
The Company recorded income tax expense of $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, or 6.1%, on income before income tax of $21.6 million, compared to income tax expense of $5.5 million, or 14.1%, on income before income tax of $38.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The nine months ended September 30, 2020 include $4.2 million of discrete tax charges primarily related to settlement of tax examinations and changes in uncertain tax positions partially offset by a benefit of $1.8 million, primarily due to return to provision adjustments. Discrete tax items in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were not material.
The return to provision adjustments recognized in 2020 include the utilization of the net operating loss carry back provisions allowed under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act contains numerous income tax provisions, including among other items, temporary changes
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regarding the utilization of net operating losses. The CARES Act allows net operating tax losses incurred in 2018, 2019, and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes.
The Company’s estimated annual effective income tax rate, excluding discrete items, was (5.2%) and 14.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The estimated annual effective income tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate due to the benefit from percentage depletion and in 2020 includes the benefit of utilizing the forecasted current year net operating tax loss that would otherwise be deductible at the current 21% statutory rate to offset taxable income in years that were taxed at a 35% rate. The Company expects to generate a net operating tax loss in 2020 primarily due to the realization of certain deferred tax assets.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES OF NACCO
Cash Flows
The following tables detail NACCO's changes in cash flow for the nine months ended September 30:

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 2,760 |  |  | $ | 47,264 |  |  | $ | (44,504) |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment | (19,802) |  |  | (13,264) |  |  | (6,538) |
Other | (1,378) |  |  | 4,455 |  |  | (5,833) |
Net cash used for investing activities | (21,180) |  |  | (8,809) |  |  | (12,371) |
Cash flow before financing activities | $ | (18,420) |  |  | $ | 38,455 |  |  | $ | (56,875) |

The $44.5 million decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to working capital changes, including:
•Increased payments made under deferred compensation and long-term incentive compensation plans during the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019.
•An increase in Refundable income taxes related to the carry back of net operating tax loss claims under the CARES Act during the first nine months of 2020.
•A smaller decrease in Accounts receivables during the first nine months of 2020 compared to the decrease during the first nine months of 2019. The large decrease in the first nine months of 2019 was primarily due to the timing of sales at MLMC.
•An increase in Other current assets due to the recognition of a $2.3 million note receivable in settlement of DRCP's outstanding receivable balance associated with the closure of Camino Real's Eagle Pass Mine during 2020 and a change in prepaid expenses.
The change in net cash used for investing activities was primarily attributable to an increase in expenditures for property, plant and equipment at the NAMining and Coal Mining segments.

| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Change
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net reductions to long-term debt and revolving credit agreement | $ | (1,858) |  |  | $ | (3,433) |  |  | $ | 1,575 |
Cash dividends paid | (4,045) |  |  | (3,808) |  |  | (237) |
Purchase of treasury shares | (1,002) |  |  | (1,410) |  |  | 408 |
Net cash used for financing activities | $ | (6,905) |  |  | $ | (8,651) |  |  | $ | 1,746 |

The change in net cash used for financing activities was primarily due to fewer repayments during the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019.
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Financing Activities
Financing arrangements are obtained and maintained at the NACoal level. NACCO has not guaranteed any borrowings of NACoal. The borrowing agreements at NACoal allow for the payment to NACCO of dividends and advances under certain circumstances. Dividends (to the extent permitted by NACoal's borrowing agreement) and management fees are the primary sources of cash for NACCO and enable the Company to pay dividends to stockholders.
The Company believes funds available from cash on hand, the NACoal Facility and operating cash flows will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its operating needs and commitments arising during the next twelve months and until the expiration of the NACoal Facility.
NACoal has an unsecured revolving line of credit of up to $150.0 million (the “NACoal Facility”) that expires in August 2022. Borrowings outstanding under the NACoal Facility were $9 million at September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2020, the excess availability under the NACoal Facility was $138.0 million, which reflects a reduction for outstanding letters of credit of $3.0 million.
The NACoal Facility has performance-based pricing, which sets interest rates based upon NACoal achieving various levels of debt to EBITDA ratios, as defined in the NACoal Facility. Borrowings bear interest at a floating rate plus a margin based on the level of debt to EBITDA ratio achieved. The applicable margins, effective September 30, 2020, for base rate and LIBOR loans were 1.00% and 2.00%, respectively. The NACoal Facility has a commitment fee which is based upon achieving various levels of debt to EBITDA ratios. The commitment fee was 0.35% on the unused commitment at September 30, 2020. The weighted average interest rate applicable to the NACoal Facility at September 30, 2020 was 2.11% including the floating rate margin.
The NACoal Facility contains restrictive covenants, which require, among other things, NACoal to maintain a maximum debt to EBITDA ratio of 3.00 to 1.00 and an interest coverage ratio of not less than 4.00 to 1.00. The NACoal Facility provides the ability to make loans, dividends and advances to NACCO, with some restrictions based on maintaining a maximum debt to EBITDA ratio of 2.00 to 1.00, or if greater than 2.00 to 1.00, a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.10 to 1.00, in conjunction with maintaining unused availability thresholds of borrowing capacity, as defined in the NACoal Facility, of $15.0 million. At September 30, 2020, NACoal was in compliance with all financial covenants in the NACoal Facility.
Capital Expenditures
Expenditures for property, plant and equipment and mineral interests were $19.8 million during the first nine months of 2020. Planned expenditures for the remainder of 2020 are expected to be approximately $30 million, primarily consisting of $12 million in the Coal Mining segment, $3 million in the NAMining segment and $15 million in the Minerals Management segment.
In the Coal Mining segment, elevated levels of expected capital expenditures through 2021 are primarily related to spending at MLMC as it develops a new mine area. In the NAMining segment, capital expenditures in 2020 are primarily for the acquisition, relocation and refurbishment of draglines. In the Minerals Management segment, expenditures in 2020 are primarily for the acquisition of mineral interests.
Planned expenditures for 2021 are expected to be approximately $41 million, primarily consisting of $24 million in the Coal Mining segment, $7 million in the NAMining segment and $10 million in the Minerals Management segment.
Capital expenditures are expected to be funded from internally generated funds and/or bank borrowings.
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Capital Structure
NACCO's consolidated capital structure is presented below:

| SEPTEMBER 30 2020 |  | DECEMBER 31 2019 |  | Change
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 97,567 |  |  | $ | 122,892 |  |  | $ | (25,325) |
Other net tangible assets | 217,354 |  |  | 174,465 |  |  | 42,889 |
Intangible assets, net | 35,599 |  |  | 37,902 |  |  | (2,303) |
Net assets | 350,520 |  |  | 335,259 |  |  | 15,261 |
Total debt | (23,142) |  |  | (24,943) |  |  | 1,801 |
Bellaire closed mine obligations | (20,889) |  |  | (20,924) |  |  | 35 |
Total equity | $ | 306,489 |  |  | $ | 289,392 |  |  | $ | 17,097 |
Debt to total capitalization | 7% |  | 8% |  | (1)%

The increase in other net tangible assets was primarily due to increases in Property, plant and equipment as well as payments made for deferred compensation and accrued incentive compensation at September 30, 2020 compared with December 31, 2019.
Contractual Obligations, Contingent Liabilities and Commitments
Since December 31, 2019, there have been no significant changes in the total amount of NACCO's contractual obligations, contingent liabilities or commercial commitments, or the timing of cash flows in accordance with those obligations as reported on page 36 in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. See Note 7 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of certain guarantees related to Coyote Creek.
SEGMENT RESULTS
COAL MINING SEGMENT
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Tons of coal delivered by the Coal Mining segment were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30 (in millions):

| THREE MONTHS |  | NINE MONTHS
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Unconsolidated operations | 7.6 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 21.2 |  |  | 24.2 |
Consolidated operations | 0.7 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.2 |
Total tons delivered | 8.3 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 23.5 |  |  | 26.4 |

The results of operations for the Coal Mining segment were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| THREE MONTHS |  | NINE MONTHS
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenues | $ | 20,395 |  |  | $ | 18,799 |  |  | $ | 62,896 |  |  | $ | 58,119 |
Cost of sales | 16,379 |  |  | 16,383 |  |  | 57,514 |  |  | 53,561 |
Gross profit | 4,016 |  |  | 2,416 |  |  | 5,382 |  |  | 4,558 |
Earnings of unconsolidated operations(a) | 14,277 |  |  | 16,211 |  |  | 42,104 |  |  | 45,521 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 6,385 |  |  | 7,502 |  |  | 19,326 |  |  | 20,187 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 734 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 2,303 |  |  | 2,243 |
Gain on sale of assets | — |  |  | (82) |  |  | — |  |  | (112) |
Operating profit | $ | 11,174 |  |  | $ | 10,492 |  |  | $ | 25,857 |  |  | $ | 27,761 |

(a) See Note 7 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Company's unconsolidated subsidiaries, including summarized financial information.
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Third Quarter of 2020 Compared with Third Quarter of 2019
Revenues increased 8.5% in the third quarter of 2020 compared with the third quarter of 2019 primarily due to an increase in reimbursable costs at MLMC. The sales price at MLMC is index-based and includes adjustments for coal quality and reimbursable costs.
The following table identifies the components of change in operating profit for the third quarter of 2020 compared with the third quarter of 2019:

| Operating Profit
2019 | $ | 10,492 |
Increase (decrease) from: |
Gross profit | 1,600 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,117 |
Earnings of unconsolidated operations | (1,934) |
Net gain on sale of assets | (82) |
Amortization of intangibles | (19) |
2020 | $ | 11,174 |

Operating profit increased $0.7 million in the third quarter of 2020 compared with the third quarter of 2019 primarily due to an increase in gross profit and a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, partially offset by a decrease in earnings of unconsolidated operations. The improvement in gross profit was mainly due to an increase in the profit per ton delivered at MLMC. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to lower employee-related expenses. The decrease in earnings of unconsolidated operations was mainly due to a reduction in tons delivered due to decreases in customer demand and the termination of the Camino Real contract mining agreement effective July 1, 2020. Camino Real delivered 0.3 million tons in the first six months of 2020 and 1.6 million tons in full-year 2019.
First Nine Months of 2020 Compared with First Nine Months of 2019
Revenues increased 8.2% in the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019 due to an increase in reimbursable costs and tons delivered at MLMC. The sales price at MLMC is index-based and includes adjustments for coal quality and reimbursable costs.
The following table identifies the components of change in operating profit for the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019:

| Operating Profit
2019 | $ | 27,761 |
Increase (decrease) from: |
Earnings of unconsolidated operations | (3,417) |
Net gain on sale of assets | (112) |
Amortization of intangibles | (60) |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 861 |
Gross profit | 824 |
2020 | $ | 25,857 |

Operating profit decreased $1.9 million in the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019 primarily due to a decrease in earnings of unconsolidated operations, partially offset by a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses and an increase in gross profit.
The decrease in earnings of unconsolidated operations was mainly due to a reduction in tons delivered, primarily at Sabine, Camino Real, Coteau and Bisti, partially offset by an increase in tons delivered at Coyote Creek. The power plants served by Sabine and Coteau were dispatched at lower rates during the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019. The reduction in tons delivered at Camino Real was due to a decrease in customer demand in the first six months of 2020 and the termination of the Camino Real contract mining agreement effective July 1, 2020. The reduction in coal tons delivered at Bisti was due to an extended plant outage during the first nine months of 2020.
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The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to lower employee-related expenses partially offset by higher outside service fees. The improvement in gross profit was primarily due to an increase in the profit per ton delivered at MLMC.
NORTH AMERICAN MINING ("NAMining") SEGMENT
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Tons of limestone delivered by the NAMining segment were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30 (in millions):

| THREE MONTHS |  | NINE MONTHS
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Unconsolidated operations | 2.4 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 6.1 |
Consolidated operations | 9.2 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 28.1 |  |  | 27.6 |
Total tons delivered | 11.6 |  |  | 10.2 |  |  | 34.9 |  |  | 33.7 |

The results of operations for the NAMining segment were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| THREE MONTHS |  | NINE MONTHS
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenues | $ | 9,443 |  |  | $ | 8,993 |  |  | $ | 33,115 |  |  | $ | 30,496 |
Cost of sales | 8,808 |  |  | 9,407 |  |  | 30,797 |  |  | 29,880 |
Gross profit (loss) | 635 |  |  | (414) |  |  | 2,318 |  |  | 616 |
Earnings of unconsolidated operations(a) | 868 |  |  | 1,227 |  |  | 2,822 |  |  | 2,330 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,259 |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | 3,868 |  |  | 3,708 |
Gain on sale of assets | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | (247) |  |  | (19) |
Operating profit (loss) | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | (358) |  |  | $ | 1,519 |  |  | $ | (743) |

(a) See Note 7 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Company's unconsolidated subsidiaries, including summarized financial information.
Third Quarter of 2020 Compared with Third Quarter of 2019
Revenues increased 5.0% in the third quarter of 2020 compared with the third quarter of 2019 primarily due to an increase in tons delivered and work related to the Thacker Pass lithium project.
The following table identifies the components of change in operating profit (loss) for the third quarter of 2020 compared with the third quarter of 2019:

| Operating Profit (Loss)
2019 | $ | (358) |
Increase (decrease) from: |
Gross profit | 1,049 |
Earnings of unconsolidated operations | (359) |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (76) |
Net gain on sale of assets | (12) |
2020 | $ | 244 |

Operating profit increased $0.6 million in the third quarter of 2020 compared with the third quarter of 2019 primarily due to an increase in gross profit partially offset by a decrease in earnings of unconsolidated operations. Both variances are due to changes in the mix of customer requirements.
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First Nine Months of 2020 Compared with First Nine Months of 2019
Revenues increased 8.6% in the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019 primarily due to favorable changes in the mix of customer requirements and work related to the Thacker Pass lithium project.
The following table identifies the components of change in operating profit (loss) for the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019:

| Operating Profit (Loss)
2019 | $ | (743) |
Increase (decrease) from: |
Gross profit | 1,702 |
Earnings of unconsolidated operations | 492 |
Net gain on sale of assets | 228 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (160) |
2020 | $ | 1,519 |

Operating profit increased $2.3 million in the first nine months of 2020 compared with the first nine months of 2019 primarily due to increases in gross profit and earnings of unconsolidated operations from favorable changes in the mix of customer requirements.
MINERALS MANAGEMENT SEGMENT
FINANCIAL REVIEW
The results of operations for the Minerals Management segment were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| THREE MONTHS |  | NINE MONTHS
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenues | $ | 2,722 |  |  | $ | 5,022 |  |  | $ | 9,950 |  |  | $ | 25,950 |
Cost of sales | 537 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 1,793 |  |  | 2,902 |
Gross profit | 2,185 |  |  | 4,208 |  |  | 8,157 |  |  | 23,048 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 512 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 1,707 |  |  | 690 |
Operating profit | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | 3,900 |  |  | $ | 6,450 |  |  | $ | 22,358 |

Revenues and operating profit decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the 2019 periods. The first nine months of 2019 included significant royalty income generated by a large number of new gas wells put into commission during 2018 and early 2019. These wells are operated by third parties to extract natural gas from the Company's Ohio Utica shale mineral reserves. Since new wells have high initial production rates and follow a natural decline before settling into relatively stable, long-term production, royalty income in 2020 decreased substantially from 2019 levels. Lower commodity prices in 2020 compared with 2019 also contributed to the reduction in revenues and operating profit. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses is due to a $0.5 million charge in the first nine months of 2020 to write-off certain leasehold interests.
UNALLOCATED ITEMS AND ELIMINATIONS
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Unallocated Items and Eliminations were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30:

| THREE MONTHS |  | NINE MONTHS
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Operating loss | $ | (3,693) |  |  | $ | (5,371) |  |  | $ | (12,366) |  |  | (15,179) |

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Operating loss decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared with the 2019 periods primarily due to lower employee-related expenses.
NACCO Industries, Inc. Outlook
Coal Mining Outlook - 2020
Coal deliveries for the fourth quarter of 2020 are expected to be comparable to the fourth quarter of 2019. Despite comparable deliveries, fourth-quarter 2020 operating profit is expected to decrease compared with the 2019 fourth quarter. The decrease in operating profit is mainly due to an anticipated reduction in results at MLMC and a reduction in earnings at the unconsolidated mining operations.
Results at MLMC are expected to decline significantly from the fourth quarter of 2019 primarily due to an increase in the cost per ton delivered.
Overall, full-year 2020 coal deliveries and operating profit are expected to be lower than 2019, mainly as a result of a decrease in earnings at the unconsolidated mining operations due to reduced customer requirements and the termination of the Camino Real contract mining agreement. As mentioned above, the contract between Camino Real and its customer, DRCP was unexpectedly terminated effective July 1, 2020 and the mine was closed.
During the third quarter of 2020, Sabine’s customer, American Electric Power, reduced its annual lignite coal requirements to be between 1.4 million and 1.7 million tons compared with 2.6 million tons delivered in 2019. The customer reduced its expected future requirements because the plant served by the Sabine Mine was dispatched at a much lower rate in 2020 than in 2019, and that trend is expected to continue.
On September 30, 2020, the Company's Caddo Creek's customer entered into an agreement for the sale of their activated carbon manufacturing business, including its Marshall Mine operated by Caddo Creek, to a subsidiary of AES. AES announced its intent to close the mine, which delivered 0.2 million tons in 2019. Caddo Creek has entered into a contract to perform the required mine reclamation.
Changes in customer power plant dispatch, including changes due to historically low natural gas prices and the continued increase in renewable generation, particularly wind, could reduce customer demand below anticipated levels, which could further unfavorably affect the Company’s fourth quarter and full-year 2020 results, as well as its 2021 outlook.
Coal Mining Outlook - 2021
In 2021, the Company expects coal deliveries to be comparable to 2020 based on current expectations of customer requirements.
Coal Mining operating profit in 2021 is expected to decrease compared with 2020, mainly in the first half of the year. This decrease is primarily the result of an expected increase in operating expenses and an anticipated reduction in earnings at the unconsolidated Coal Mining operations primarily due to a contractually agreed reduction in fee-based earnings at the Liberty Mine as the scope of final mine reclamation activities is reduced.
Results at the consolidated mining operations are expected to be comparable between years, as a decrease in earnings at MLMC is expected to be offset by a lower operating loss at Centennial. At MLMC, results are expected to be lower due to an increase in the cost per ton of coal delivered in 2021 compared with 2020. In general, cost per ton delivered is lowest when the power plant requires a consistently high level of coal deliveries, primarily because costs are spread over more tons.
On May 7, 2020, GRE, Falkirk Mine's customer and the Company's second largest customer, announced its intent to retire the Coal Creek Station power plant in the second half of 2022 and modify the Spiritwood Station power plant to be fueled by natural gas. GRE is willing to consider opportunities to sell Coal Creek Station, and NACCO is actively engaged in the exploration of options that could, if successful, allow for transfer of ownership of the power plant to one or more third parties, which would preserve jobs at both Coal Creek Station and the Falkirk Mine.
Falkirk Mine is the sole supplier of lignite coal to Coal Creek Station pursuant to a long-term contract under which Falkirk also supplies a moderate amount of lignite coal annually to Spiritwood Station. In 2019, Falkirk contributed approximately $16 million to NACCO’s Earnings from Unconsolidated Operations. The closure of Coal Creek Station will have a material adverse effect on the long-term earnings of NACCO Industries. The terms of the contract between the Company and GRE specify that
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GRE is responsible for all costs related to mine closure, including but not limited to, final mine reclamation costs, post-retirement medical benefits and pension costs with respect to Falkirk employees.
Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $12 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and approximately $20 million for the 2020 full year, and approximately $24 million in 2021. The Company expects high levels of capital expenditures in the remainder of 2020 and in 2021 primarily related to MLMC's development of a new mine area. These capital expenditures will result in an increase in depreciation that will unfavorably affect operating profit in future periods.
NAMining Outlook
In the fourth quarter of 2020, NAMining expects limestone deliveries to increase moderately over the fourth quarter of 2019, resulting in an overall modest increase in tons delivered for the 2020 full year compared with full-year 2019.
NAMining expects operating profit in the fourth quarter of 2020 to improve substantially over the fourth quarter of 2019, but less significantly than in the previous three quarters of 2020. Operating profit is expected to benefit from favorable changes in the mix of customer requirements. Full-year 2020 operating profit is expected to increase significantly over 2019. In 2021, NAMining expects full year operating profit to be comparable to 2020 with its existing customer contracts. NAMining is pursuing a number of growth initiatives that if successful would be accretive to future earnings.
Capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $3 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and approximately $13 million and $7 million for the 2020 full year and 2021, respectively, primarily for the acquisition, relocation and refurbishment of draglines.
In 2019, NAMining's subsidiary, Sawtooth Mining, LLC, entered into a mining agreement to serve as the exclusive contract miner for the Thacker Pass lithium project in northern Nevada, owned by Lithium Nevada, Corp., a subsidiary of Lithium Americas Corp. (TSX: LAC) (NYSE: LAC). Lithium Nevada is in the process of securing permits and currently expects to commence construction in 2021 and production of lithium products in 2023.
Minerals Management Outlook
The Minerals Management segment derives income from royalty-based leases under which lessees make payments to the Company based on their sale of natural gas and, to a lesser extent, oil, natural gas liquids and coal, extracted primarily by third parties. The 2019 results included a substantial increase in royalty income, primarily in the first nine months of 2019, generated by a large number of new gas wells put into commission during 2018 and early 2019. Given expected lower natural gas prices, fewer expected new wells, lower commodity prices and the natural production decline that occurs early in the life of a well, fourth quarter and full-year 2020 royalty income is expected to be substantially lower than 2019 levels. Given these factors, royalty income from existing assets is also expected to be down substantially in 2021 from 2020. A sustained decline in natural gas prices could unfavorably affect the Company’s outlook.
Decline rates for individual wells can vary due to factors like well depth, well length, formation pressure and facility design. In addition, royalty income can fluctuate favorably or unfavorably in response to a number of factors outside of the Company's control, including the number of wells being operated by third parties, fluctuations in commodity prices (primarily natural gas), fluctuations in production rates associated with operator decisions, regulatory risks, the Company's lessees' willingness and ability to incur well-development and other operating costs, and changes in the availability and continuing development of infrastructure.
Minerals Management is targeting investments in mineral and royalty interests of approximately $15 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and $10 million in 2021, although the timing of the fourth quarter investments could slip into 2021. These investments are expected to be accretive to earnings, but each investment's contribution to earnings is dependent on the timing, size and stage of mineral development. The Company's strategy is to selectively acquire oil and gas mineral and royalty interests with a balance of near-term cash flow yields and long-term growth potential, in oil-rich basins offering diversification from the Company's legacy mineral interest in predominantly natural gas-rich basins.
Consolidated Outlook
Overall, NACCO expects a modest increase in consolidated operating profit in the fourth quarter of 2020 over 2019, which included a $2.0 million unfavorable mine reclamation adjustment in the Coal Mining segment. Excluding this adjustment, fourth-quarter 2020 consolidated operating profit and net income are expected to decrease significantly from the prior year, primarily as a result of anticipated lower results in the Coal Mining segment and an increase in income tax expense, partially offset by lower unallocated employee-related costs.
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The Company expects a significant decrease in full-year 2020 consolidated operating profit and net income compared with 2019, primarily due to the substantial decrease in operating profit at Minerals Management in the first nine months of 2020 and the anticipated reduction in full-year earnings at the Coal Mining segment. In addition, the Company received a final settlement associated with a prior India venture in 2020 that was less than the initial award received in 2019. These items are expected to be partially offset by an improvement in earnings at the NAMining segment and an anticipated lower effective income tax rate in 2020 compared with 2019. For the full year, NACCO anticipates that its 2020 effective income tax rate will be in the range of 5% to 7% based on the current forecasted mix of earnings.
Consolidated capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $30 million in the fourth quarter of 2020 and approximately $50 million for the full year. As a result of the increase in capital expenditures and payments made in the first half of the year related to deferred compensation and other payroll liabilities, consolidated cash flow before financing activities is expected to be a significant use of cash in the 2020 full year.
In 2021, NACCO expects consolidated net income to decrease significantly from 2020. An anticipated reduction in earnings in the Minerals Management segment and lower earnings in the Coal Mining segment are expected to be partially offset by lower income tax expense as the Company expects the full-year 2021 effective income tax rate to be between negative 5% and negative 7%.
In light of ongoing regulatory, economic and public opinion challenges facing the coal-fired power generation industry, the Company commenced a voluntary retirement program for certain corporate employees in the fourth quarter. The program is expected to be substantially completed by December 31, 2020 and reduce general and administrative expenses in 2021 and future years. The amount of savings, and related one-time separation costs, will depend on the level of participation in the program.
Cash flow before financing activities is expected to improve and be a solid generation of cash in 2021, as compared with a significant use of cash in 2020, but not to the level realized in 2019. Consolidated capital expenditures are expected to be approximately $41 million in 2021, primarily consisting of $24 million in the Coal Mining segment, $10 million in the Minerals Management segment and $7 million in the NAMining segment.
Significant uncertainties exist regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, including the extent of economic disruption it may cause in the future. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts the Company going forward will depend on numerous factors and future developments that remain uncertain. While the Company's mining operations to date have not been directly affected by the pandemic, future developments, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable, could significantly and rapidly cause a deterioration in the Company’s results, supply chain channels and customer demand. The extent to which COVID-19 may adversely impact the Company depends on many factors, including but not limited to the extent of new outbreaks, the extent to which additional shutdowns may be imposed, the nature of the government public health guidelines and the public's adherence to those guidelines, the success of businesses reopening fully, and the timing for proven treatments and vaccines for COVID-19. NACCO continues to maintain procedures to limit the exposure of employees to COVID-19. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, the Company may experience material adverse effects due to a resulting decline in economic activity. Additionally, concerns over the economic impact of COVID-19 have caused extreme volatility in financial and other capital markets and may adversely impact NACCO's stock price.
One of the Company’s core strategies is to pursue activities which can strengthen the resiliency of its existing coal mining operations. The Company works to drive down coal production costs and maximize efficiencies and operating capacity at mine locations to help customers with management fee contracts be more competitive. These activities benefit both customers and the Company's Coal Mining segment, as fuel cost is a significant driver for power plant dispatch. Increased power plant dispatch results in increased demand for coal by the Coal Mining segment's customers.
The Company continues to evaluate opportunities to expand its coal mining business, however opportunities are likely to be very limited. Low natural gas prices and growth in renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, are likely to continue to unfavorably affect the amount of electricity dispatched from coal-fired power plants. The political and regulatory environment is not receptive to development of new coal-fired power generation projects which would create opportunities to build and operate new coal mines. However, the Company does continue to seek out and pursue opportunities where it can apply its management fee business model to assume operation of existing surface coal mining operations in the United States. Outright acquisitions of existing coal mines or mining companies with exposure to fluctuating coal commodity markets, or structures that would create significant leverage, are outside the Company’s area of focus.
The Company is focused on building a strong portfolio of affiliated businesses for diversification. NAMining continues to expand the scope of its business development activities to grow and diversify by targeting potential customers who require a
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broad range of minerals and materials. NAMining also continues to leverage the Company’s core mining skills to expand the range of contract mining services provided, in addition to providing comprehensive mining services to operate entire mines when appropriate, as is the case at the new lithium project in Nevada.
The Company’s efforts to grow and diversify the Minerals Management segment includes acquiring additional mineral interests or similar investments in the energy industry. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company’s subsidiary, Catapult Mineral Partners, invested $2.0 million to acquire shares of a public company with a diversified portfolio of royalty producing mineral interests as part of this growth and diversification strategy. The recent dramatic downturn in petroleum prices provided an opportunity to make this investment at an attractive market multiple for a company with a conservative financial position, strong earnings potential and attractive historical dividend yield.
Mitigation Resources of North America® was formed to create and sell stream and wetland mitigation credits and provide services to those engaged in permittee-responsible mitigation. This business has achieved several early successes and is positioned for additional growth.
The Company is leveraging its core mining and natural resources management skills to develop a strong and diverse portfolio of service-based businesses operating in the mining and natural resources industries. The Company is also committed to maintaining a conservative capital structure while it grows and diversifies without unnecessary risk. Ultimately, diversified strategic growth is the key to increasing free cash flow available to continue to re-invest in and expand the businesses. The Company also continues to maintain the highest levels of customer service and operational excellence, with an unwavering focus on safety and environmental stewardship.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements contained in this Form 10-Q that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are made subject to certain risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those presented. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly revise these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof. Among the factors that could cause plans, actions and results to differ materially from current expectations are, without limitation: (1) changes to or termination of a long-term mining contract, or a customer default under a contract, including any actions taken related to GRE's Coal Creek Station power plant, (2) the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, any preventive or protective actions taken by governmental authorities, the effectiveness of actions taken globally to contain or mitigate its effects and any unfavorable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's suppliers' ability to provide products or replacement parts if the virus continues to spread or quarantines are reinstated, as well as other disruptions from natural or human causes, including severe weather, accidents, fires, earthquakes, terrorist acts, any of which could result in suspension of operations or harm to people or the environment, (3) changes in coal consumption patterns of U.S. electric power generators or the power industry that would affect demand for the Company's mineral reserves, (4) changes in tax laws or regulatory requirements, including changes in mining or power plant emission regulations and health, safety or environmental legislation, (5) changes in costs related to geological and geotechnical conditions, repairs and maintenance, new equipment and replacement parts, fuel or other similar items, (6) regulatory actions, changes in mining permit requirements or delays in obtaining mining permits that could affect deliveries to customers, (7) weather conditions, extended power plant outages, liquidity events or other events that would change the level of customers' coal or aggregates requirements, (8) weather or equipment problems that could affect deliveries to customers, (9) failure or delays by the Company's lessees in achieving expected production of natural gas and other hydrocarbons; the availability and cost of transportation and processing services in the areas where the Company's oil and gas reserves are located; federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing; and the ability of lessees to obtain capital or financing needed for well development operations, (10) changes in the costs to reclaim mining areas, (11) costs to pursue and develop new mining and value-added service opportunities, (12) delays or reductions in coal or aggregates deliveries, (13) changes in the prices of hydrocarbons, particularly diesel fuel, natural gas and oil, (14) the ability to successfully evaluate investments and achieve intended financial results in new business and growth initiatives, (15) the effects of receiving low sustainability scores which could result in the exclusion of the Company's securities from consideration by certain investment funds, and (16) failure to obtain adequate insurance coverages.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a “smaller reporting company” as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company is not required to provide this information.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures: An evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, these officers have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting: During the third quarter of 2020, there have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 Legal Proceedings
None.
Item 1A Risk Factors
During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, except as follows:
The Company’s results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and stock price could be adversely affected by pandemics, epidemics or other public health emergencies, such as the global outbreak of COVID-19.
The Company’s results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and stock price could be adversely affected by pandemics, epidemics or other public health emergencies, such as the global outbreak of COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in governments around the world implementing stringent measures to help control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, "shelter in place" and "stay at home" orders, travel restrictions, business curtailments, school closures, and other measures.
The Company has continued to operate as an essential business because it supports critical infrastructure industries, as defined by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Although the Company has continued to operate facilities consistent with federal guidelines and state and local orders, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive or protective actions taken by governmental authorities may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations, work force, supply chain or customers, including business shutdowns or disruptions. The extent to which COVID-19 may adversely impact the Company's businesses depends on future developments, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including the extent of new outbreaks, the extent to which additional actions to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic may be needed, the nature of government public health guidelines and the public's adherence to those guidelines, and the timing for proven treatments and vaccines for COVID-19. Any resulting financial impact cannot reasonably be estimated at this time, but could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, the Company may experience material adverse effects due to a decline in economic activity. Additionally, concerns over the economic impact of COVID-19 have caused extreme volatility in financial and other capital markets which has and may continue to adversely impact NACCO's stock price.
Termination of or default under long-term mining contracts could materially reduce the Company's profitability.
Substantially all of the Coal Mining segment's profits are derived from long-term mining contracts. Although the Company has long-term contracts, numerous political and regulatory authorities, along with well-funded environmental activist groups, are devoting substantial resources to anti-coal activities to minimize or eliminate the use of coal as a source of electricity generation or other combustive uses. As a result of such activities, the Coal Mining segment's customers could prematurely retire certain coal-fired generating units or other facilities that combust coal. Any customers' premature facility closure could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
On May 7, 2020, Great River Energy ("GRE"), Falkirk Mine's customer, and the Company's second largest customer, announced its intent to retire the Coal Creek Station power plant in the second half of 2022 and modify the Spiritwood Station power plant to be fueled by natural gas.
Falkirk Mine is the sole supplier of lignite coal to Coal Creek Station pursuant to a long-term contract under which Falkirk also supplies approximately 0.3 million tons of lignite coal per year to Spiritwood Station. Falkirk has approximately 480 employees, and, in 2019, delivered a total of 7.4 million tons of lignite coal and contributed approximately $16 million to NACCO’s Earnings from Unconsolidated Operations. The closure of Coal Creek Station would have a material adverse effect on the long-term earnings of NACCO. The terms of the contract between the Company and GRE specify that GRE is responsible for all costs related to mine closure, including but not limited to final mine reclamation costs, post-retirement medical benefits and pension costs with respect to Falkirk employees.
Also noted in GRE’s announcement is their plan to negotiate an agreement to terminate their steam and water supply contract with Blue Flint, an ethanol biorefinery fueled by process steam from Coal Creek Station. Blue Flint’s owner,
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Midwest AgEnergy, is considering using the contract termination payment from Great River Energy to reinvest in an economical alternate source for its process heat. NACCO has a $5.0 million investment in Midwest AgEnergy. If Midwest AgEnergy is unable to find an economical alternate source for its process heat, the Company’s investment could become impaired.
State implementation of the EPA’s Regional Haze Rule (“RHR”) could require Coyote Creek’s customers to incur significant new costs at the Coyote Station power plant, which could, dependent on determinations by state regulatory commissions on approval to recover such costs from Coyote Creek’s customer’s customers, negatively impact Coyote Creek’s customers’ net income, financial position and cash flows. The Company understands that the North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality (“NDDEQ”) could require sources subject to RHR Round 2 reasonable progress determinations, including Coyote Station, to undertake emissions control measures. If NDDEQ requires significant emissions controls at Coyote Station by December 31, 2028, it may not be economically feasible for Coyote Creek's customers to invest in such equipment and an early retirement of Coyote Station and the Coyote Creek mine could be necessary. NDDEQ’s state implementation plan is due to be submitted to the EPA by July 2021. Preliminary modeling favors minimal additional emissions control measures for all North Dakota sources. The Company expects the NDDEQ to further evaluate additional preliminary control scenarios for regional visibility modeling in the second half of 2020 and prepare a draft state implementation plan available for public comment the first half of 2021.
Under certain circumstances of default or termination of Coyote Creek’s Lignite Sales Agreement (“LSA”), the Company would be obligated for payment of a "make-whole" amount to Coyote Creek’s third-party lenders. The “make-whole” amount is based on the excess, if any, of the discounted value of the remaining scheduled debt payments over the principal amount. In addition, in the event Coyote Creek’s LSA is terminated on or after January 1, 2024 by Coyote Creek’s customers, the Company is obligated to purchase Coyote Creek’s dragline and rolling stock for the then net book value of those assets. Any decision by Coyote Creek’s customers to reduce operations or prematurely close the Coyote mine would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Mississippi Lignite Mining Company ("MLMC") is subject to risks associated with its capital investment, operating and equipment costs, growing use of alternative power generation that competes with coal-fired power generation, changes in customer demand and inflationary adjustments.
The profitability of MLMC is subject to the risk of loss of investment in this operation, increases in the cost of mining, changes in customer demand, growing competition from alternative power generation that competes with coal-fired generation and the emergence of adverse mining conditions. At MLMC, the costs of mining operations are not reimbursed by MLMC's customer. As such, increased costs at MLMC or decreased revenues could materially reduce the Company's profitability. Any reduction in customer demand at MLMC, including reductions related to reduced mechanical availability of the customer’s power plant, would adversely affect the Company's operating results and could result in significant impairments. In addition, MLMC sells lignite at contractually agreed upon prices which are subject to changes in the level of established indices over time. The price of diesel fuel is heavily-weighted among these indices. As such, a substantial decline in diesel prices could materially reduce MLMC's profitability, as the decline in revenue will only be partially offset by the effect of lower diesel prices on production costs.
MLMC delivers coal to the Red Hills Power Plant in Ackerman, Mississippi. The Red Hills Power Plant supplies electricity to TVA under a long-term PPA. MLMC’s contract with its customer runs through 2032. TVA’s power portfolio includes coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, natural gas and renewables. In 2019, TVA published its updated Integrated Resource Plan ("IRP"). The IRP indicates TVA plans to increase its reliance on solar power. A decrease in the number of days TVA dispatches the Red Hills Power Plant would reduce MLMC's customer's demand for coal. The decision of which power plants to dispatch is determined by TVA. TVA has dispatched Red Hills Power Plant at a lower rate in the last two years than in prior years.
Choctaw Generation Limited Partnership ("CGLP") leases the Red Hills Power Plant from a Southern Company subsidiary pursuant to a leveraged lease arrangement. The ability of the lessee to make required payments to the Southern Company subsidiary is dependent on the operational performance of the Red Hills Power Plant. Southern Company recently publicly disclosed that while all CGLP lease payments have been paid in full through June 30, 2020, operational and other risks have resulted in cash liquidity challenges at the Red Hills Power Plant, and based on current forecasts of energy prices in the years following the expiration of the PPA in 2032, concerns exist regarding the lessee's ability to make the remaining semi-annual lease payments through the end of the lease term in 2047. During the fourth quarter of 2019, Southern Company concluded that it was no longer probable that all of the payments would be received over the term of the lease and therefore recognized an impairment charge to reduce the value of the lease investment. During the second quarter of 2020, Southern Company revised the estimated cash flows
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to be received under the leveraged lease which resulted in a full impairment of the lease investment. If any future lease payment is not paid in full, the Southern Company subsidiary may be unable to make its corresponding payment to the holders of the underlying non-recourse debt related to the Red Hills Power Plant. Failure to make the required payment to the debtholders could represent an event of default that would give the debtholders the right to foreclose on, and take ownership of, the Red Hills Power Plant from the Southern Company subsidiary. A foreclosure of the Red Hills Power Plant could have a material adverse effect on MLMC's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Similar to the Company's unconsolidated mines, all production costs at MLMC are capitalized into inventory and recognized in cost of sales as tons are delivered. In periods of limited or no deliveries, MLMC may be required to reduce its inventory carrying value using the lower of cost or net realizable value approach, which could adversely affect MLMC’s results of operations.
Changes in customer demand for any reason, including, but not limited to, reduced mechanical availability of the customer’s power plant, dispatch of power generated by other energy sources ahead of coal, fluctuations in demand due to unanticipated weather conditions, regulations or comparable policies which may promote planned and unplanned outages at the Red Hills Power Plant, economic conditions, including an economic slowdown and a corresponding decline in the use of electricity, governmental regulations and inflationary adjustments could have a material adverse effect on MLMC's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Changes in coal consumption patterns of U.S. electric power generators could adversely affect the Company's profitability.
The amount of coal consumed by the electric power generation industry is affected by general economic conditions; overall demand for electricity; availability of transmission; competition from alternative fuel sources for power generation, such as natural gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, wind and solar power, and the location, availability, quality and price of those alternative fuel sources; environmental and other governmental regulations, including those impacting coal-fired power plants; and energy conservation efforts and related governmental policies.
Changes in the utility and coal mining industry that affect our customers could also adversely affect the Company. Lower natural gas prices and increased availability of renewables have contributed to a reduction in demand for coal-fired electric power generation. Competition from natural gas-fired plants that are relatively more efficient, less expensive to construct and less difficult to permit than coal-fired plants has the most potential to continue to displace a significant amount of coal-fired electric power generation in the near term. Federal and state mandates for increased use of electricity derived from renewable energy sources have also adversely affected demand for coal-fired electric power generation. Such mandates make alternative fuel sources more competitive with coal-fired electric power generation.
The outcome of the 2020 U.S. presidential election could result in a shift in the regulatory environment that is impossible to predict at this time. Changes in federal and state mandates that would include an acceleration in the use of electricity derived from renewable energy sources could result in a decrease in coal consumption by the electric power generation industry and the Company’s customers.
A decrease in coal consumption by the electric power generation industry and the Company’s customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Insurance coverage is increasingly expensive, contains more stringent terms and may be difficult to obtain in the future. A number of global insurance companies have taken action to limit coverage for companies in the coal mining industry, which could result in significant increases in costs of insurance or in the Company’s ability to maintain insurance coverage at current levels.
The Company holds a number of insurance policies, including director and officers’ liability and property and casualty insurance coverages. Because the Company is involved in the coal mining industry, costs of insurance may increase substantially or insurance carriers may decide not to insure the Company in the future. In addition, if the Company makes significant insurance claims, its ability to obtain future insurance coverage at commercially reasonable rates could be materially adversely affected. An inability to obtain insurance coverage, significant increases in the premiums or deductibles of insurance the Company obtains, or losses in excess of its liability insurance coverage limits, which may go down in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operating results and financial condition.
Increasing scrutiny and changing expectations with respect to the Company’s environmental, social and governance practices may impose additional costs on the Company or expose the Company to new or additional risks.
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Companies across all industries are facing increasing scrutiny from stakeholders related to their environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) practices. Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds and other influential investors are also increasingly focused on ESG practices. Regardless of the industry, investors’ and others increased focus and activism related to ESG and similar matters may hinder access to capital, insurance and other financial products as third parties may decide to reallocate capital or to not commit capital or risk management products as a result of their assessment of a company’s ESG practices. Companies which do not adapt to or comply with investor or stakeholder expectations and standards, which are evolving, or which are perceived to have not responded appropriately, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so, may suffer from reputational damage and the business, financial condition, and/or stock price of such a company could be materially and adversely affected.
The Company could face pressures from investors, who are increasingly focused on climate change, to prioritize sustainable energy practices, reduce the Company’s carbon footprint and promote sustainability. Investors may request the Company implement ESG procedures or standards as a condition to maintain their investment or to make further investments. Additionally, the Company may face reputational challenges in the event its ESG practices are inconsistent with the third party views of acceptable ESG practices.
Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (1)
Period | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | (b) Average Price Paid per Share |  | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of the Publicly Announced Program |  | (d) Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (1)
Month #1 (July 1 to 31, 2020) | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 22,659,516 |
Month #2 (August 1 to 31, 2020) | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 22,659,516 |
Month #3 (September 1 to 30, 2020) | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 22,659,516 |
Total | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 22,659,516 |

(1) In November 2019, the Company established a stock repurchase program allowing for the purchase of up to $25.0 million of the Company's Class A Common Stock outstanding through December 31, 2021. See Note 5 to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the Company's stock repurchase program.
Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures
Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K is included in Exhibit 95 filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2020.
Item 5 Other Information
None.
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Item 6 Exhibits

Exhibit |  |
Number* |  | Description of Exhibits
31(i)(1) |  | Certification of J.C. Butler, Jr. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act
31(i)(2) |  | Certification of Elizabeth I. Loveman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act
32 |  | Certifications pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed and dated by J.C. Butler, Jr. and Elizabeth I. Loveman
95 |  | Mine Safety Disclosure Exhibit
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | NACCO Industries, Inc. (Registrant) |
Date: | November 2, 2020 | /s/ Elizabeth I. Loveman |
|  | Elizabeth I. Loveman |
|  | Vice President and Controller (principal financial and accounting officer) |

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