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Stock-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | Note 14 – Stock-Based Compensation The MVB Financial Corp. Incentive Stock Plan (the “Plan”) provides for the issuance of stock options, restricted stock awards and RSUs to selected employees and directors. On April 4, 2022, the Board of Directors adopted the MVB Financial Corp 2022 Incentive Plan (the “2022 Plan”), which was approved by the shareholders at the annual meeting dated, May 17, 2022. The 2022 Plan replaces the MVB Financial Corp. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2013 Plan”) and provides for 975,000 shares authorized for grant which includes the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2013 Plan that remained available for grant thereunder as of the date of Board approval of the 2022 Plan. As of December 31, 2022, 951,868 shares remain available for issuance. Stock-Based Compensation Expense Stock-based compensation expense is recognized as salary and employee benefit cost based upon the fair value of the instruments on the date of the grant. The amount that we recognized in stock-based compensation expense related to the issuance of stock options and RSUs is presented in the following table:
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Stock Options |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | 832 |  |  | $ | 950 |
RSUs |  | 2,299 |  |  | 1,802 |  |  | 1,403 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 2,800 |  |  | $ | 2,634 |  |  | $ | 2,353 |
Proceeds from stock options exercised were $2.1 million, $4.9 million and $4.5 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, certain options were exercised in broker-assisted cashless transactions. Shares were forfeited related to exercise price and related tax obligations and we paid tax authorities amounts due resulting in a net cash outflow. Stock Options Under the provisions of the Plan, the option price per share shall not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date. Generally, options granted vest in five years and expire 10 years from the grant date. The following summarizes stock options as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022:
|  | 2022 |  |
|  | Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  |  |  |
Outstanding at beginning of year |  | 1,114,200 |  |  | $ | 15.86 |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 14,350 |  |  | 39.15 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | 160,527 |  |  | 12.99 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | 24,930 |  |  | 22.55 |  |  |  |  |
Expired |  | 550 |  |  | 14.71 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at end of year |  | 942,543 |  |  | $ | 16.53 |  |  |  |  |
Exercisable at end of year |  | 782,116 |  |  | $ | 15.36 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2022 |  |  |  | $ | 14.94 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2021 |  |  |  | $ | 10.61 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average fair value of options granted during 2020 |  |  |  | $ | 4.48 |  |  |  |  |
The intrinsic value of options exercised during 2022, 2021 and 2020 was $3.5 million, $8.0 million and $1.9 million, respectively. The fair value for the options was estimated at the grant date using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following inputs:
|  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Average risk-free interest rates |  | 2.23 | % |  | 1.27 | % |  | 0.66 | %
Weighted-average life (years) |  | 7 |  | 7 |  | 7
Expected volatility |  | 41.2 | % |  | 41.2 | % |  | 30.9 | %
Expected dividend yield |  | 1.58 | % |  | 1.08 | % |  | 2.20 | %
The following summarizes information related to the total outstanding and exercisable stock options at December 31, 2022:
Options Outstanding |  | Options Exercisable
Total Options |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Intrinsic Value (in millions) |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Life |  | Total Options |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Intrinsic Value (in millions) |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Life
942,543 |  | $16.53 |  | $5.7 |  | 4.38 |  | 782,116 |  | $15.36 |  | $5.3 |  | 3.87
At December 31, 2022, total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related to unvested stock options outstanding was $0.7 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the fair value of stock options vested was $0.6 million. Restricted Stock Units Under the provisions of the Plan, RSUs are similar to restricted stock awards, except the recipient does not receive the stock immediately, but instead receives the stock according to a vesting plan and distribution schedule, after achieving required performance milestones or upon remaining with us for a particular length of time. Each RSU that vests entitles the recipient to receive one share of our common stock on a specified issuance date. The recipient does not have any stockholder rights, including voting, dividend or liquidation rights, with respect to the shares underlying awarded RSUs until the recipient becomes the record holder of those shares. We granted 95,723 RSUs in 2022, 53,070 of which were time-based awards and 42,653 of which were performance-based awards. Time-based RSUs granted in 2022 generally vest in five equal installments over a five-year period, with the exception of time-based grants to members of the Board of Directors, which vest over a one-year period. Performance-based RSUs vest in one installment at the end of three years, based on set criteria. A summary of the activity for our RSUs for the period indicated is presented in the following table:
|  | 2022 |  |
|  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year |  | 241,906 |  |  | $ | 21.46 |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 95,723 |  |  | 38.04 |  |  |  |  |
Vested |  | (75,354) |  |  | 21.62 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (14,718) |  |  | 26.16 |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of year |  | 247,557 |  |  | $ | 26.39 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average fair value of RSUs granted during 2022 |  |  |  | $ | 38.04 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average fair value of RSUs granted during 2021 |  |  |  | $ | 40.95 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average fair value of RSUs granted during 2020 |  |  |  | $ | 13.08 |  |  |  |  |
At December 31, 2022, based on RSU awards outstanding at that time, the total unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense related to unvested RSU awards was $3.7 million. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years. At December 31, 2022, the fair value of RSU awards vested during the year was $2.9 million. Subsidiary Equity Plan In December 2021, Victor's Board of Directors approved the Victor Technologies, Inc. 2021 Incentive Plan (the “2021 Victor LTI Plan”) which is an incentive plan denominated in Victor’s common shares. The 2021 Victor LTI Plan provides for the issuance of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units to selected employees and directors. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2021 Victor LTI Plan is 5.0 million shares. During 2022, Victor issued a total of 1.1 million options to employees and non-employees at an average exercise price of $0.29 per share. The options have a ten-year term and will vest over a three-year period, so long as the optionees remain employed by Victor. During 2022, 299,961 shares vested at an average exercise price of $0.29. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the compensation related to Victor stock-based awards was not material. At December 31, 2022, the unrecognized compensation expense related to 817,029 nonvested stock options was not material.

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