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Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Note 19 – Fair Value Measurements Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time of our entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment, and therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis As required by accounting standards, financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following measurements are made on a recurring basis. Available-for-sale investment securities — Available-for-sale investment securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level I securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange and money market funds. Level II securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities and private label entities, municipal bonds, United States Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in inactive over-the-counter markets and corporate debt securities. There have been no changes in valuation techniques for the year ended December 31, 2023. Certain local municipal securities related to tax increment financing (“TIF”) are independently valued and classified as Level III instruments. We classified investments in government securities as Level II instruments and valued them using the market approach. Equity securities — Certain equity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security's credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. The valuation methodologies utilized may include significant unobservable inputs. There have been no changes in valuation techniques for the year ended December 31, 2023. Valuation techniques are consistent with techniques used in prior periods. Loans held-for-sale - The fair value of loans held-for-sale is determined, when possible, using quoted secondary market prices or investor commitments. If no such quoted price exists, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset or assets, adjusted for the specific attributes of that loan, which would be used by other market participants. If the fair value at the reporting date exceeds the amortized cost of a loan, the loan is reported at amortized cost. Interest rate swaps – Interest rate swaps are recorded at fair value based on third-party vendors who compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar instruments by using pricing models that consider observable market data. Fair value hedges – Treated like an interest rate swap, fair value hedges are recorded at fair value based on third-party vendors who compile prices from various sources and may determine fair value of identical or similar instruments by using pricing models that consider observable market data. Bank-owned life insurance - Life insurance where the bank is both the policy beneficiary and owner. Bank-owned life insurance is recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, and increases in cash surrender, contract value and net insurance proceeds at maturity are recorded as other income. Embedded derivatives — Accounted for and recorded separately from the underlying contract as a derivative at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair values are determined using the Monte Carlo model valuation technique. The valuation methodology utilized includes significant unobservable inputs. The following tables present the assets reported on the consolidated statements of financial condition at their fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 by level within the fair value hierarchy:
|  | December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States government agency securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,408 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,408 |
United States sponsored mortgage-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 82,382 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,382 |
United States treasury securities |  | — |  |  | 100,356 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,356 |
Municipal securities |  | — |  |  | 88,662 |  |  | 18,245 |  |  | 106,907 |
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  |  | 8,942 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,942 |
Other securities |  | — |  |  | 780 |  |  | — |  |  | 780 |
Equity securities |  | 3,590 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,590 |
Loans held-for-sale |  | — |  |  | 629 |  |  | — |  |  | 629 |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 6,249 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,249 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  | — |  |  | 44,287 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,287 |
Embedded derivative |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 648 |  |  | 648 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 6,249 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,249 |
Fair value hedge |  | — |  |  | 6,111 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,111 |
|  | December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States government agency securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,814 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,814 |
United States sponsored mortgage-backed securities |  | — |  |  | 56,571 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,571 |
United States treasury securities |  | — |  |  | 120,909 |  |  | — |  |  | 120,909 |
Municipal securities |  | — |  |  | 103,293 |  |  | 35,343 |  |  | 138,636 |
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  |  | 10,560 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,560 |
Other securities |  | — |  |  | 824 |  |  | — |  |  | 824 |
Equity securities |  | 5,382 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,382 |
Loans held-for-sale |  |  |  | 24,898 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,898 |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 8,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,427 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  | — |  |  | 43,239 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,239 |
Embedded derivative |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 787 |  |  | 787 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | — |  |  | 8,427 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,427 |
Fair value hedge |  | — |  |  | 572 |  |  | — |  |  | 572 |
The following table represents recurring Level III assets as of the periods shown:
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Municipal Securities |  | Embedded Derivatives |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 35,343 |  |  | $ | 787 |  |  | $ | 36,130 |
Realized and unrealized income (loss) included in earnings |  | 47 |  |  | (139) |  |  | (92) |
Purchase of securities |  | 246 |  |  | — |  |  | 246 |
Maturities/calls |  | (18,294) |  |  | — |  |  | (18,294) |
Unrealized gain included in other comprehensive loss |  | 903 |  |  | — |  |  | 903 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 18,245 |  |  | $ | 648 |  |  | $ | 18,893 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 41,763 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,763 |
Realized and unrealized gains included in earnings |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Purchase of securities |  | 1,048 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,048 |
Maturities/calls |  | (3,207) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,207) |
Unrealized loss included in other comprehensive loss |  | (4,270) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,270) |
Host contract executed |  | — |  |  | 787 |  |  | 787 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 35,343 |  |  | $ | 787 |  |  | $ | 36,130 |
Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis We may be required, from time to time, to measure certain financial assets, financial liabilities, non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Certain non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include foreclosed assets (upon initial recognition or subsequent impairment) and intangible assets and other non-financial long-lived assets measured at fair value for impairment assessment. Non-financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during 2023 and 2022 include certain foreclosed assets which, upon initial recognition, were remeasured and reported at fair value through a charge-off to the allowance for possible credit losses and certain foreclosed assets which, subsequent to their initial recognition, were remeasured at fair value through a write-down included in other noninterest expense. Collateral-dependent loans - Certain loans receivable are evaluated individually for credit loss when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral. Estimated credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral, adjusted for costs to sell. Collateral values are estimated using Level II inputs based on observable market data or Level III inputs based on customized discounting criteria. For a majority of collateral-dependent real estate related loans, we obtain a current external appraisal. Other valuation techniques are used as well, including internal valuations, comparable property analysis and contractual sales information. Other real estate owned – Other real estate owned, which is obtained through the Bank’s foreclosure process, is valued utilizing the appraised collateral value. Collateral values are estimated using Level II inputs based on observable market data or Level III inputs based on customized discounting criteria. At the time the foreclosure is completed, we obtain a current external appraisal. Other debt securities – Certain debt securities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These other debt securities are securities without a readily determinable fair value and are measured at cost minus impairment, if any. Equity securities – Certain equity securities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Equity securities without a readily determinable fair value are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus any changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions, as defined, for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are included in the table below:
|  | December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total
Collateral-dependent loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,891 |  |  | 2,891 |
Other real estate owned |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 825 |  |  | 825 |
Other debt securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,500 |
Equity securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,496 |  |  | 37,496 |
|  | December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total
Collateral-dependent loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,117 |  |  | $ | 14,117 |
Other real estate owned |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,194 |  |  | 1,194 |
Other debt securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,500 |
Equity securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,362 |  |  | 33,362 |
The carrying amount of equity securities without a readily determinable fair value and amounts of unrealized gains and losses recognized in earnings as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are included in the table below:
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Cumulative Adjustments |  | Annual Adjustments
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
Carrying value |  | $ | 37,496 |  |  | $ | 37,496 |
Carrying value adjustments: |  |  |  |
Upward changes for observable prices |  | 18,038 |  |  | 671 |
Downward changes for observable prices |  | (2,014) |  |  | (250) |
Net gain |  | $ | 16,024 |  |  | $ | 421 |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Carrying value |  | $ | 33,362 |  |  | $ | 33,362 |
Carrying value adjustments: |  |  |  |
Upward changes for observable prices |  | 17,367 |  |  | 203 |
Downward changes for observable prices |  | (1,764) |  |  | (1,652) |
Net gain (loss) |  | $ | 15,603 |  |  | $ | (1,449) |
At December 31, 2023 equity securities consist of our Fintech investment portfolio, which is comprised of investments in 10 companies with a carrying value of $36.4 million, and other equity security investments with a carrying value of $1.1 million. The equity securities included in the table above do not have readily determinable fair values and are recorded at cost and adjusted for observable price changes for underlying transactions for identical or similar investments. The net gain (loss) in values of the equity securities is included in holding gain (loss) on equity securities in our consolidated statements of income. The following tables presents quantitative information about the Level III significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
|  | Quantitative Information about Level III Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonrecurring measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateral-dependent loans |  | $ | 2,891 |  |  | Appraisal of collateral 1 |  | Appraisal adjustments 2 |  | 0% - 20%
|  |  |  |  |  | Liquidation expense 2 |  | 6%
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 825 |  |  | Appraisal of collateral 1 |  | Appraisal adjustments 2 |  | 0% - 20%
|  |  |  |  |  | Liquidation expense 2 |  | 6%
Other debt securities |  | $ | 7,500 |  |  | Net asset value |  | Cost, less impairment |  | 0%
Equity securities |  | $ | 37,496 |  |  | Net asset value |  | Cost, less impairment |  | 0%
Recurring measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal securities 5 |  | $ | 18,245 |  |  | Appraisal of bond 3 |  | Bond appraisal adjustment 4 |  | 5% - 15%
Embedded Derivatives |  | $ | 648 |  |  | Monte Carlo pricing model |  | Deferred payment |  | $0 - $49.1 million
|  |  |  |  |  | Volatility |  | 59%
|  |  |  |  |  | Term |  | 4.75 years
|  |  |  |  |  | Risk free rate |  | 3.59%
|  | Quantitative Information about Level III Fair Value Measurements
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonrecurring measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans |  | $ | 14,117 |  |  | Appraisal of collateral 1 |  | Appraisal adjustments 2 |  | 0% - 20%
|  |  |  |  |  | Liquidation expense 2 |  | 6%
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 1,194 |  |  | Appraisal of collateral 1 |  | Appraisal adjustments 2 |  | 0% - 20%
|  |  |  |  |  | Liquidation expense 2 |  | 6%
Other debt securities |  | $ | 7,500 |  |  | Net asset value |  | Cost, less impairment |  | 0%
Equity securities |  | $ | 33,362 |  |  | Net asset value |  | Cost, less impairment |  | 0%
Recurring measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal securities 5 |  | $ | 35,343 |  |  | Appraisal of bond 3 |  | Bond appraisal adjustment 4 |  | 5% - 15%
Embedded Derivatives |  | $ | 787 |  |  | Monte Carlo pricing model |  | Deferred payment |  | $0 - $51.9 million
|  |  |  |  |  | Volatility |  | 58%
|  |  |  |  |  | Term |  | 5 years
|  |  |  |  |  | Risk free rate |  | 3.95%
1 Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally include various Level III inputs which are not identifiable. 2 Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range and weighted-average of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal. 3 Fair value determined through independent analysis of liquidity, rating, yield and duration. 4 Appraisals may be adjusted for qualitative factors, such as local economic conditions, liquidity, marketability and legal structure. 5 Municipal securities classified as Level III instruments are comprised of TIF bonds related to certain local municipal securities.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482106/820-10-50-2 + Details
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