Significant Agreements	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Significant Agreements.
Significant Agreements	8. Significant Agreements Juno Therapeutics Collaboration Agreement Summary of Agreement In May 2015, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) with Juno Therapeutics and in May 2018 the Company and Juno Therapeutics entered into an amended and restated collaboration and license agreement (the Collaboration Agreement, as amended and restated, the “Amended Collaboration Agreement”). The collaboration is focused on the research and development of engineered T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (“CARs”) and T cell receptors (“TCRs”) that have been genetically modified to recognize and kill other cells. Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, the parties were pursuing the research and development of CAR and TCR engineered T cell products utilizing the Company’s genome editing technologies with Juno Therapeutics’ CAR and TCR technologies across three research areas, which was increased to four research areas under the Amended Collaboration Agreement. The collaborative program of research to be undertaken by the parties pursuant to the Amended Collaboration Agreement will be conducted in accordance with a mutually agreed upon research plan which outlines each party’s research and development responsibilities across the four research areas. The Company’s research and development responsibilities under the research plan are related to generating genome editing reagents that modify gene targets selected by Juno Therapeutics. Juno Therapeutics is responsible for evaluating and selecting for further research and development CAR and TCR engineered T cell products modified with the Company’s genome editing reagents. Except with respect to the Company’s obligations under the mutually agreed upon research plan, Juno Therapeutics has sole responsibility, at its own cost, for the worldwide research, development, manufacturing and commercialization of products within each of the four research areas for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of any cancer in humans through the use of engineered T cells, excluding the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of medullary cystic kidney disease 1 (the “Exclusive Field”). The initial term of the research program commenced on May 26, 2015 and continues for five years ending on May 26, 2020 (the “Initial Research Program Term”). Juno Therapeutics may extend the Initial Research Program Term for up to two additional one year periods upon the payment of extension fees for each one year extension period, assuming the Company has agreed to the extension request(s) (together, the initial term and any extension period(s) are referred to as the “Research Program Term”). The Research Program Term and the optional extensions were not changed by the Amended Collaboration Agreement. Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics during the Research Program Term a nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty‑free, non-sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company solely for the purpose of conducting the following activities required under the specified research under the Collaboration Agreement: (i) conduct activities assigned to Juno Therapeutics under the research plan, (ii) conduct activities assigned to the Company under the research plan that the Company fails or refuses to conduct in a timely manner, (iii) research, evaluate and conduct preclinical testing and development of certain engineered T cells relating to the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement and (iv) evaluate the data developed in the conduct of activities under the research plan. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the license rights granted to Juno Therapeutics were expanded to include, during the Research Program Term, a nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty‑free, non-sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to: (i) research, evaluate and conduct preclinical testing and development of certain engineered T cells relating to the fourth research area and (ii) research, develop and use certain research tools (together, the initial research license granted per the terms of the Collaboration Agreement and the incremental research license granted per the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement are referred to as the “Research License”). As it relates to two of the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement, under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics an exclusive, milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export selected CAR and TCR engineered T cell products in the Exclusive Field on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain targets selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program. Furthermore, as it relates to the same two research areas, under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics a non‑exclusive, milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to use genome editing reagents generated under the research program that are used in the creation of certain CAR or TCR engineered T cell products on which Juno Therapeutics has filed an investigational new drug (“IND”) application in the Exclusive Field for the treatment or prevention of a cancer in humans to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export those CAR or TCR engineered T cell products in all fields outside of the Exclusive Field (the “Non‑Exclusive Field”) on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain targets selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program (together, the license in the Exclusive Field and the license in the Non‑Exclusive Field are referred to as the “Development and Commercialization License” for each particular research area). Additionally, as it relates to the third research area that was originally the subject of the arrangement, under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics a milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import or export selected CAR and TCR engineered T cell products that utilize the genome editing reagents generated under the research program associated with those CAR and TCR engineered T cell products in the Exclusive Field on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain products selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program. The license associated with the third research area is exclusive as it relates to CAR or TCR engineered T cell products directed to certain targets as selected by Juno Therapeutics, but is otherwise non‑exclusive (referred to as the “Development and Commercialization License” for the third research area). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, as it relates to the fourth area of research that was added to the collaboration, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics a milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import or export selected CAR and TCR engineered T cell products that utilize the genome editing reagents generated under the research program associated with those CAR and TCR engineered T cell products in the Exclusive Field on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain products selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program. The license associated with the fourth research area is exclusive as it relates to CAR or TCR engineered T cell products directed to certain targets as selected by Juno Therapeutics, but is otherwise non‑exclusive (referred to as the “Development and Commercialization License” for the fourth research area). The Amended Collaboration Agreement is being managed on an overall basis by a project leader from each of the Company and Juno Therapeutics. The project leaders serve as the contact point between the parties with respect to the research program and are primarily responsible for facilitating the flow of information, interaction, and collaboration between the parties. In addition, the research and development activities under the Amended Collaboration Agreement during the Research Program Term are governed by a joint research committee (“JRC”) formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Juno Therapeutics. The JRC oversees, reviews and recommends direction of the research program. Among other responsibilities, the JRC monitors and reports research progress and ensures open and frequent exchange between the parties regarding research program activities. The Amended Collaboration Agreement did not alter the governance provisions in the Collaboration Agreement. Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company received a $25.0 million up‑front, non‑refundable, non‑creditable cash payment. In connection with the entry into the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company received an additional $5.0 million up-front, non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment. Moreover, the Company became entitled to receive two $2.5 million milestones related to technical progress in one of the research areas upon the execution of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. In addition, Juno Therapeutics is obligated to pay to the Company an aggregate of up to $22.0 million in research and development funding over the Initial Research Program Term across the four research areas consisting primarily of funding for up to a specified maximum number of full time equivalents personnel each year over the Initial Research Program Term across four research areas. Consistent with the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, under the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, there is no incremental compensation due to the Company with respect to the Development and Commercialization License granted to Juno Therapeutics associated with the first target or product, as applicable, designated by Juno Therapeutics within each of the four research areas. However, for two of the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement, Juno Therapeutics continues to have the option to purchase up to three additional Development and Commercialization Licenses associated with other gene targets for an additional fee of approximately $2.5 million per target. In addition, Juno Therapeutics is required to make certain milestone payments to the Company upon the achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial events. More specifically, for the first product to achieve the associated event in each of the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement, the Company is eligible to receive up to $77.5 million in development milestone payments and up to $80.0 million in regulatory milestone payments, while the Company is eligible to receive up to $80.0 million in development milestone payments and up to $80.0 million in regulatory milestone payments for the first product to achieve the associated event in the fourth area of research that was added to the collaboration. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive additional development and regulatory milestone payments for subsequent products developed within each of the four research areas. Moreover, the Company is eligible for up to $75.0 million in commercial milestone payments associated with aggregate sales of all products within each of the four research areas. Development milestone payments are generally triggered upon the achievement of certain specified development criteria or upon initiation of a defined phase of clinical research for a product candidate. Regulatory milestone payments are triggered upon approval to market a product candidate by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other global regulatory authorities. Commercial milestone payments are triggered when an approved pharmaceutical product reaches certain defined levels of net sales by the licensee. The milestone payments and related triggering events associated with the three research areas that were originally the subject of the Collaboration Agreement were not modified in the Amended Collaboration Agreement. In addition, to the extent any of the product candidates covered by the licenses conveyed to Juno Therapeutics under the Amended Collaboration Agreement are commercialized, the Company would be entitled to receive tiered royalty payments of low double digits based on a percentage of net sales. Similar to the milestones, pursuant to the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company is eligible to receive an independent royalty stream associated with the fourth area of research that was added to the collaboration. Royalty payments are subject to certain reductions, including for any royalty payments required to be made by Juno Therapeutics related to a third‑party’s intellectual property rights, subject to an aggregate minimum floor. Royalties are due on a licensed product‑by‑licensed product and country‑by‑country basis from the date of the first commercial sale of each product in a country until the later of: (i) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of such licensed product in such country and (ii) the expiration date in such country of the last to expire valid claim within the licensed intellectual property covering the manufacture, use or sale of such licensed product in such country. The Company achieved $2.5 million development milestones under the Collaboration Agreement resulting from technical progress in a research program in each of May 2016 and July 2017 (the “July 2017 Juno Milestone Payment”). The Company achieved two additional $2.5 million development milestones under the Amended Collaboration Agreement resulting from technical progress in a research program in May 2018. Due to the uncertainty of pharmaceutical development and the high historical failure rates generally associated with drug development, no additional milestone or royalty payments may ever be received from Juno Therapeutics. As of September 30, 2018, the next potential milestone payment that the Company may be entitled to receive under the Amended Collaboration Agreement is a milestone payment of $2.5 million for the achievement of certain development criteria. There are no cancellation, termination or refund provisions in the Amended Collaboration Agreement that contain material financial consequences to the Company. Unless earlier terminated, the Amended Collaboration Agreement will continue in full force and effect, on a licensed product‑by‑licensed product and country‑by‑country basis until the date no further payments are due to the Company from Juno Therapeutics. Either party may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement if the other party has materially breached or defaulted in the performance of any of its material obligations and such breach or default continues after the specified cure period. Either party may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement in the event of the commencement of any proceeding in or for bankruptcy, insolvency, dissolution or winding up by or against the other party that is not dismissed or otherwise disposed of within a specified time period. Juno Therapeutics may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement for convenience upon not less than six months prior written notice to the Company. The Company may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement in the event that Juno Therapeutics brings, assumes, or participates in, or knowingly, willfully or recklessly assists in bringing a dispute or challenge against the Company related to its intellectual property. Termination of the Amended Collaboration Agreement for any reason does not release either party from any liability which, at the time of such termination, has already accrued to the other party or which is attributable to a period prior to such termination nor preclude either party from pursuing any rights and remedies it may have under the agreement or at law or in equity with respect to any breach of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. If Juno Therapeutics terminates the Amended Collaboration Agreement as a result of the Company’s uncured material breach or default, then: (i) the licenses and rights conveyed to Juno Therapeutics will continue as set forth in the agreement, (ii) Juno Therapeutics’ obligations related to milestones and royalties will continue as set forth in the agreement and (iii) Juno Therapeutics’ rights to prosecute, maintain and enforce certain intellectual property rights will continue as set forth in the agreement. If Juno Therapeutics terminates the Amended Collaboration Agreement for convenience or if the Company terminates the Amended Collaboration Agreement as a result of Juno Therapeutics’ uncured material breach or default, then the licenses conveyed to Juno Therapeutics will terminate. The Amended Collaboration Agreement did not modify the termination provisions in the Collaboration Agreement. Accounting Analysis The Company evaluated the Amended Collaboration Agreement in accordance with the provisions of ASC 606. The Company has accounted for the amendment resulting from the Amended Collaboration Agreement as a modification to the original contract and not as a separate contract. The Company combined the Amended Collaboration Agreement with the Collaboration Agreement because the scope of the arrangement did not solely increase due to the addition of distinct promised goods or services with pricing that reflects the associated standalone selling prices. For the remaining goods and services that are distinct from the goods and services that were transferred on or before the date of the effectiveness of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company has accounted for the modification on a prospective basis as if it were a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract. Conversely, the remaining goods and services that are not distinct from the goods and services that were transferred on or before the date of the effectiveness of the Amended Collaboration Agreement were deemed to form part of a single performance obligation that is partially satisfied so they have been accounted for as part of the existing contract for which an adjustment was recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis at the date of the modification. The Company has identified the following performance obligations under the combined arrangement: (i) Research License and the related research and development services during the Initial Research Program Term (the “Research License and Related Services”), (ii) four material rights related to the first Development and Commercialization Licenses related to each of the four research areas (each, a “First Development and Commercialization License Material Right”) and (iii) six material rights related to the option to purchase up to three additional Development and Commercialization Licenses for two of the research areas (each, an “Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right”). Upon exercise of the option to obtain a Development and Commercialization License under any of the four research areas, the Company will provide Juno Therapeutics with a license covering the further development and potential commercialization of the underlying target or product, as applicable. The Company has determined that the ability to obtain Development and Commercialization Licenses under the arrangement represents a material right because Juno Therapeutics is entitled to incremental licenses for additional consideration that represents a significant discount from amounts that would otherwise be offered for the related goods to comparable customers outside of the contract. The Company has concluded that the Research License is not distinct from the research and development services during the Initial Research Program Term as Juno Therapeutics cannot obtain the benefit of the Research License without the Company performing the research and development services. The services incorporate proprietary technology, unique skills and specialized expertise, particularly as it relates to genome editing technology that is not available in the marketplace. As a result, the Research License, inclusive of the incremental license granted in connection with the Amended Collaboration Agreement, has been combined with the research and development services into a bundled performance obligation. The Company has concluded that the First Development and Commercialization License Material Rights for each respective research area and the Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Rights for the two research areas to which they relate are each a separate performance obligation. These material rights, of which there are ten in total, are distinct from the other performance obligations in the arrangement as they are options in the contract that are not required for Juno Therapeutics to obtain the benefit of the other promised goods and services in the arrangement. Accordingly, in accounting for the modification resulting from the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Research License and Related Services performance obligation was treated as part of the existing contract, whereas the material right performance obligations were treated as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract. As of September 30, 2018, the total transaction price associated with the remaining consideration based on the Amended Collaboration Agreement was determined to be $45.8 million, consisting of: (i) $25.0 million upfront non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment associated with the Collaboration Agreement, (ii) $5.0 million upfront non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment associated with the Amended Collaboration Agreement, (iii) $8.1 million of remaining research and development funding, (iv) $2.7 million of milestone payments received by the Company under the Collaboration Agreement that were not yet recognized as revenue and (v) $5.0 million of milestone payments due to the Company upon execution of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. The research and development funding is being paid by Juno Therapeutic to the Company based on the number of the Company’s full time equivalents of its personnel conducting the research under the Amended Collaboration Agreement. The Company utilizes the most likely amount method to determine the amount of research and development funding to be received. The Company also utilizes the most likely amount method to estimate any development and regulatory milestone payments to be received. As of September 30, 2018, there were no milestones that had not been earned and received included in the transaction price. The Company considers the stage of development and the risks associated with the remaining development required to achieve the milestone, as well as whether the achievement of the milestone is outside the control of the Company or Juno Therapeutics. The outstanding milestone payments were fully constrained as of September 30, 2018, as a result of the uncertainty whether any of the milestones will be achieved. The Company has determined that any commercial milestones and sales-based royalties will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the license(s) to be granted and therefore have also been excluded from the transaction price. The Company reevaluates the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. Through the date of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company had recognized approximately $12.3 million of revenue associated with the Research License and Related Services which was excluded from the modification date transaction price. The transaction price was allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices of each performance obligation or, in the case of certain variable consideration, to one or more performance obligations. The estimated standalone selling price for the Research License and Related Services is primarily based on the nature of the services to be performed and estimates of the associated effort and costs of the services, adjusted for a reasonable profit margin that would be expected to be realized under similar contracts. The Company developed the estimated standalone selling price for the material rights based on the difference between the value of the license granted and any additional consideration to be received upon exercise of the underlying option, adjusted for the probability of exercise. The value of the license granted was determined based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future cash flows associated with each license related to each specific research area. In developing such estimate, the Company also considered applicable market conditions and relevant entity-specific factors, including those factors contemplated in negotiating the agreement, probability of success and the time needed to commercialize a product candidate pursuant to the associated license. The transaction price allocated to each performance obligation as of September 30, 2018 was as follows: (i) Research License and Related Services: $15.8 million, (ii) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the first research area: $3.6 million, (iii) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the second research area: $6.0 million, (iv) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the third research area: $0.1 million, (v) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the fourth research area: $18.3 million, (vi) the first Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the first research area: $0.3 million, (vii) the second Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the first research area: $0.2 million, (viii) the third Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the first research area: $0.1 million, (ix) the first Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the second research area: $0.8 million, (x) the second Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the second research area: $0.5 million, and (xi) the third Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the second research area: $0.3 million. The Company recognizes revenue related to amounts allocated to the Research License and Related Services as the underlying services are performed using a proportional performance model. The Company measures proportional performance based on full time employee hours relative to projected full time employee hours to complete the research services which best reflects the progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. Revenue related to each of the material rights will be recognized upon the earlier of when the respective options are exercised and the Company transfers control of the related license or when the respective options lapse. The rights to be conveyed to Juno Therapeutics pursuant to each of the Development and Commercialization Licenses extend exclusively to an individual target or product, as applicable; therefore, control is deemed to be transferred upon the designation by Juno Therapeutics of the specific target or product, as applicable, whereupon the license becomes effective upon Juno Therapeutics exercising their option. None of the options associated with the material rights had been exercised or had lapsed as of September 30, 2018. During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized revenue under the Collaboration Agreement and the Amended Collaboration Agreement totaling approximately $0.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized revenue under the Collaboration Agreement and the Amended Collaboration Agreement totaling approximately $5.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Included in the revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 is $2.5 million related to the July 2017 Juno Milestone Payment. Included in the revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is approximately $3.0 million of additional revenue related to a cumulative catch-up adjustment associated with the Amended Collaboration Agreement. No revenue had been recognized through the date of the Amended Collaboration Agreement for the material rights performance obligations and there were no cumulative catch-up adjustments recorded for such performance obligations as a result of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. Amounts allocated to each of the material rights will be recognized as revenue prospectively when the material right has been exercised or when the respective option has lapsed. The revenue is classified as collaboration and other research and development revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was approximately $33.2 million and $26.4 million of deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Amended Collaboration Agreement and the Collaboration Agreement, respectively, of which $32.6 million and $26.4 million was classified as long term, respectively, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as of December 31, 2017, the Company had recorded accounts receivable of $0.5 million related to reimbursable research and development costs under the Collaboration Agreement for activities performed during the fourth quarter of 2017. There was no receivable balance as of September 30, 2018. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid $1.7 million in sublicense fees that were owed to certain of the Company’s licensors in connection with the Amended Collaboration Agreement, which the Company recorded as research and development expenses during such period. The Company did not pay any sublicense fees during the three months ended September 30, 2018 or during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the Amended Collaboration Agreement. Allergan Pharmaceuticals Strategic Alliance and Option Agreement Summary of Agreement In March 2017, the Company entered into a Strategic Alliance and Option Agreement with Allergan to discover, develop, and commercialize new gene editing medicines for a range of ocular disorders (the “Allergan Agreement”). Over a seven-year research term, Allergan will have an exclusive option to exclusively license from the Company up to five collaboration development programs for the treatment of ocular disorders (each a “CDP”), including the Company’s Leber Congenital Amaurosis type 10 program (the “LCA10 Program”). Under the Allergan Agreement, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to develop at least five CDPs and deliver preclinical results and data meeting specified criteria with respect to each CDP (each, an “Option Package” and such criteria, the “Option Package Criteria”) to Allergan. The list of proposed targets that may be subject to a CDP may be amended from time to time by mutual agreement of the Company and Allergan. The Company is responsible for the preparation and delivery of a written development plan for each particular CDP setting forth the discovery and research activities to be conducted which is subject to the approval of the alliance steering committee that was formed under the Allergan Agreement, comprised of three members from each of the Company and Allergan (the “Steering Committee”). The Company will maintain primary responsibility for the development efforts under each CDP. The Company is responsible for all research and development costs prior to the achievement of the Option Package Criteria. Allergan will have the ability for a defined period of time (“Initial Option Period”) to exercise an option (each, an “Option”) to obtain a world-wide right and license to the Company’s background intellectual property and the Company’s interest in the CDP intellectual property to develop, commercialize, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, and import any gene editing therapy product that results from such CDP during the term of the Allergan Agreement (a “Licensed Product”) in any category of human diseases and conditions other than the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of any cancer in humans through the use of engineered T-cells and subject to specified other limitations. Allergan has the option to extend the Initial Option Period and require the Company to perform additional research and development services, subject to the payment of additional consideration. After exercise of an Option with respect to a CDP, with the exception of any CDP’s where the Company has exercised its profit-sharing option, Allergan will be responsible for all development, manufacturing, and commercialization activities in connection with licensed products arising from such CDP, other than with respect to the LCA10 Program, if LCA10 is designated as a CDP. In July 2018, Allergan exercised its Option with respect to the LCA10 Program. In connection with such exercise, Allergan paid the Company $15.0 million (the “LCA10 Option Exercise Payment”). Following such exercise, the Company exercised its Profit-Share Election with respect to the LCA10 Program. Following such election, the LCA10 Program became subject to a Profit-Sharing Arrangement and, as of September 30, 2018, the parties have not yet entered into a separate profit-sharing agreement with respect to the Profit-Sharing Arrangement. The initial term of the Allergan Agreement commenced on March 14, 2017 and continues for seven years ending on March 14, 2024 (the “Research Term”). If the Company has not delivered an Option Package, which includes the results and data from the CDP, for five CDPs that satisfy the Option Package Criteria, then the Research Term will automatically extend by one-year increments until such obligation is satisfied, up to a maximum of ten years from March 2017. The activities under the Allergan Agreement during the Research Term will be governed by the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee will review and monitor the direction of the development plan, evaluate and determine which targets are selected to become CDP, establish the Option Package Criteria for each CDP and evaluate the achievement of such criteria as well as oversee the development and commercialization activities after Allergan has licensed a CDP. Under the terms of the Allergan Agreement, the Company received a $90.0 million up‑front, non‑refundable, non‑creditable cash payment (the “Allergan Upfront”) related to the Company’s research and development costs for Option Packages for at least five CDPs and for reimbursement of the Company’s past out of pocket costs with respect to the prosecution and defense of patents that it owns and in-licenses. Allergan has the option to purchase at least five development and commercialization licenses associated CDP that have satisfied the Option Package Criteria. The option exercise fee during the Initial Option Period is $15.0 million per CDP. If Allergan elects to extend the Initial Option Period, Allergan is required to pay an additional fee of $5.0 million to extend the option, at which point the Company is required to perform additional research services. If Allergan elects to exercise its option to a development and commercialization license after extending the Initial Option Period, Allergan must pay the Company the option exercise fee of $22.5 million, plus specified costs incurred by the Company in connection with the additional development work. Following the exercise by Allergan of an Option with respect to a CDP, Allergan would be required to make certain milestone payments to the Company upon the achievement of specified development, product approval and launch and commercial events, on a CDP by CDP basis. On a CDP by CDP basis, for the first product in the first field to achieve the associated event, the Company is eligible to receive up to an aggregate of $42 million for development milestone payments and $75.0 million for product approval and launch milestone payments, in each case, for an indication in the field per CDP. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive additional development and product approval and launch milestone payments for subsequent products developed within two additional fields. The Company is also eligible for up to $90 million in sales milestone payments on a CDP by CDP basis, associated with aggregate worldwide sales. Certain product approval milestones are subject to certain reductions under specified circumstances, including for payments required to be made by Allergan to obtain certain third party intellectual property rights. In addition, within 45 days of the acceptance by the applicable regulatory authority of the Company’s submission of an IND application with respect to the LCA10 Program, Allergan is required to pay the Company a one-time payment of $25.0 million (the “LCA10 IND Payment”). As of September 30, 2018, the next potential milestone payment that the Company may be entitled to receive under the Allergan Agreement is a milestone payment of $8.0 million for the achievement of certain development criteria. With respect to the LCA10 Program, and up to one other CDP of the Company’s choosing, following the exercise by Allergan of its Option to such programs the Company will have the right to elect to participate in a profit-sharing arrangement with Allergan in the United States, on terms mutually agreed by the Company and Allergan and subject to a right of Allergan to reject such election under certain circumstances, under which the Company and Allergan would share equally in net profits and losses on specific terms to be agreed between the Company and Allergan, in lieu of Allergan paying royalties on net sales of any applicable Licensed Products in the United States, and in such event Allergan’s milestone payment obligations would be reduced, with the Company being eligible to receive development and product approval and launch milestone payments up to a low nine-digit amount in the aggregate and further sales milestone payments up to a high-eight digit amount in the aggregate, subject to reduction under certain circumstances (such right, the “Profit-Share Election,” and such arrangement, a “Profit-Sharing Arrangement”). If the Company elects to participate in a profit-sharing arrangement, the Company is obligated to reimburse Allergan for half of the development costs incurred by Allergan with respect to the applicable CDP, and Allergan will retain control of all development and commercialization activities for the applicable Licensed Products. In addition, to the extent there is any Licensed Product, the Company would be entitled to receive tiered royalty payments of high single digits based on a percentage of net sales of such Licensed Product, subject to certain reductions under specified circumstances, and the Company will remain obligated to pay all license fees, milestone payments, and royalties due to its upstream licensors based on Allergan’s exercise of its license rights with respect to Licensed Products. However, if a Licensed Product is subject to a profit-sharing agreement the royalties will only be paid on ex-U.S. net sales. Royalties are due on a Licensed Product‑by‑Licensed Product and country‑by‑country basis from the date of the first commercial sale of each Licensed Product in a country until the later of: (i) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of such Licensed Product in such country, (ii) the expiration date in such country of the last to expire valid claim within the licensed intellectual property covering the manufacture, use or sale of such Licensed Product in such country and (iii) the expiration of an exclusive legal right granted by the regulatory authority in such country to market and sell such Licensed Product. Unless earlier terminated, the Allergan Agreement will terminate upon (i) the expiration of the Research Term, if Allergan does not exercise an Option, (ii) on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product and country-by-country basis, on the date of the expiration of all payment obligations under the Allergan Agreement with respect to such Licensed Product in such country or (iii) in its entirety upon the expiration of all payment obligations with respect to the last Licensed Product in all countries, unless terminated earlier due to the early termination provisions. Either party may terminate the Allergan Agreement if the other party has materially breached or defaulted in the performance of any of its material obligations and such breach or default continues after the specified cure period. During the Research Term, Allergan will have the right to terminate the Allergan Agreement on a CDP by CDP basis in the event of a change in control of the Company or for all CDPs, provided that Allergan will not have any right to exercise an Option for any CDPs following such termination. After the exercise of an Option, Allergan will have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate the Allergan Agreement, on a CDP by CDP basis, upon 90 days’ written notice. The Company may terminate the Allergan Agreement in the event that Allergan brings, assumes, or participates in, or knowingly, willfully or recklessly assists in bringing a dispute or challenge against the Company related to its intellectual property. Lastly, Allergan may terminate the Allergan Agreement with respect to a CDP if a safety concern, as specified in the Allergan Agreement, arises. Termination of the Allergan Agreement for any reason will not release either party from any liability which, at the time of such termination, has already accrued to the other party or which is attributable to a period prior to such termination. In addition, termination of the Allergan Agreement will not preclude either party from pursuing any rights and remedies it may have under the agreement or at law or in equity with respect to any breach of the Allergan Agreement. If Allergan terminates the Allergan Agreement as a result of the Company’s uncured material breach or default, then: (i) the licenses and rights conveyed to Allergan will continue as set forth in the agreement for any CDP Allergan has already licensed and (ii) Allergan’s obligations related to milestones and royalties will continue as set forth in the agreement. If the Allergan Agreement is terminated for any other reason, then the options and licenses conveyed to Allergan under the agreement will terminate. Accounting Analysis Under the Allergan Agreement, the Company has identified a single performance obligation that includes (i) the research and development services during the Research Term (the “Allergan R&D Services”), and (ii) Steering Committee services during the Research Term (the “ASC Services”). The Company has concluded that the Allergan R&D Services is not distinct from the ASC Services during the Research Term. The Steering Committee provides oversight and management of the overall Allergan Agreement, and the members of the Steering Committee from the Company have specialized industry knowledge, particularly as it relates to genome editing technology. The Steering Committee is meant to facilitate the early stage research being performed and coordinate the activities of both the Company and Allergan. Further, the Steering Committee services are critical to the selection of a CDP, the ongoing evaluation of a CDP and the development and evaluation of the Option Package Criteria. Accordingly, the Company’s participation on the Steering Committee is essential to Allergan receiving value from the Allergan R&D Services and as such, the ASC Services along with the Allergan R&D Services are considered one performance obligation (the “CDP Services”). In addition, the Company has concluded that the option to purchase five development and commercialization licenses is considered a marketing offer as the options did not provide any discounts or other rights that would be considered a material right in the arrangement. As of January 1, 2018, the date of the initial application of ASC 606 by the Company, the total transaction price was determined to be $90.0 million, consisting solely of the upfront non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment. The Company also utilized the most likely amount method to estimate any development and regulatory milestone payments to be received. As of January 1, 2018, there were no milestones included in the transaction price. The Company considered the stage of development and the risks associated with the remaining development required to achieve the milestone, as well as whether the achievement of the milestone is outside the control of the Company or Allergan. The LCA10 IND Payment and remaining milestone payments were fully constrained, as a result of the uncertainty whether any of the milestones would be achieved as of September 30, 2018. The Company has determined that any commercial milestones and sales-based royalties will be recognized when the related sales occur and therefore have also been excluded from the transaction price. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. There were no changes to the transaction price during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The Company will recognize revenue related to the CDP Services as the underlying services are performed using a proportional performance model. The Company measures proportional performance based on full time employee hours relative to projected full time employee hours to complete the research service. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized revenue under the Allergan Agreement of approximately $13.8 million and $16.7 million, respectively, inclusive, in each case, of the LCA10 Option Exercise Payment which the Company recognized upon the grant to Allergan of the right to use intellectual property associated with the development and commercialization license for LCA10 and final decision making authority with respect to the LCA10 Program. The LCA10 Option Exercise Payment recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2018 was partially offset by an update in the Company’s revenue recognition model to reflect the expected level of the Company’s effort required to develop the remaining CDPs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized revenue under the Allergan Agreement of approximately $3.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was $79.1 million and $81.2 million of deferred revenue related to the Allergan Agreement, respectively, of which $71.5 million and $68.3 million is classified as long-term on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively. As part of the Profit-Sharing Arrangement, the Company and Allergan will equally split U.S. profits and losses for the LCA10 Program in the United States and will co-develop the LCA10 Program in the United States. The Company accounts for the Profit-Sharing Arrangement with respect to the LCA10 Program within the scope of ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, given that both the Company and Allergan are active participants in future research and development activities and both parties are exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of such activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company and Allergan incurred $2.8 million in expense associated with the LCA10 Program, of which the Company recognized $1.1 million in contra research and development expenses during such period. The reimbursement is classified as prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company accrued $2.3 million in sublicense fees that were owed to certain of the Company’s licensors in connection with the LCA10 Option Exercise Payment, which the Company recorded as research and development expenses during such period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded $6.7 million and $14.1 million, respectively, in sublicense fees that were owed to certain of the Company’s licensors in connection with the Allergan Upfront, which the Company recorded as research and development expenses during such period. Broad Sponsored Research Agreement Summary of Agreement The Sponsored Research Agreement provides for Broad to conduct research useful or relevant to genome editing in the field of genomic medicines for the prevention or treatment of human disease with funding from the Company. Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, Broad granted to the Company an exclusive right of first negotiation for licenses from Broad with respect to patentable inventions developed by Broad in the course of the sponsored research, subject to certain limitations and retained rights (“Sponsored Invention Licenses”). Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, the Company is obligated to make Market Cap Research Funding payments in the event the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds ranging from a mid-nine digit dollar amount to a low-eleven digit dollar amount or Company Sale Research Funding payments in the event of a Company sale for consideration ranging from a mid-nine digit dollar amount to a low-eleven digit dollar amount. In connection with entering into the Sponsored Research Agreement, the Company confirmed that the first two research payments of $5.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively, were due and payable to Broad. In connection with the Initial Research Payments, the Company issued promissory notes to Broad that it settled in common stock in June 2018 as discussed more fully in Note 7. The $12.5 million in research funding expense was recorded to research and development expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2018. Other than the Initial Research Payments, the Company is not required to make additional Research Funding Payments if the Company, whether directly or through its affiliates or sublicensees, is not researching, developing, or commercializing products based on or incorporating inventions exclusively licensed to the Company from Broad under Sponsored Invention Licenses or based on or incorporating CRISPR technology owned, co-owned, or controlled by Broad and otherwise licensed to the Company, subject to certain exclusions (an “Applicable Product” and such exemption from payment, the “Funding Exemption”). In the event that the Company, whether directly or through its affiliates or sublicensees, later resumes research, development, or commercialization of an Applicable Product within a specified period of time, any Research Funding Payment that was not paid to Broad as a result of the Funding Exemption shall become payable. Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay up to $125.0 million to Broad in Research Funding, inclusive of the Initial Research Payments, and in no event shall the aggregate amount of all Research Funding Payments exceed such amount. Unless the Company has undergone a change in control, Market Cap Research Funding is payable by the Company in cash, common stock, or in the form of promissory notes, which may be settled in shares of common stock at the election of the Company, as discussed more fully in Note 7. Following a change in control of the Company, Company Sale Research Funding is required to be made in cash. The Sponsored Research Agreement is terminable by each party upon the occurrence of specified bankruptcy events of the other party and otherwise will continue in effect until the later of the expenditure of all Research Funding Payments by Broad and such time as the Company has no further rights of first negotiation for Sponsored Invention Licenses, unless otherwise mutually agreed between the parties. Beam Therapeutics License Agreement Summary of Agreement In May 2018, the Company entered into a license agreement with Beam (the “Beam License Agreement”). Beam is a biotechnology company focused on developing precision genetic medicines using technology that converts a single nucleobase into a different nucleobase (“Base Editing”). Pursuant to the Beam License Agreement, the Company granted to Beam licenses and options to acquire licenses to certain intellectual property rights owned or controlled by the Company, for specified uses. More specifically, the Company granted to Beam a worldwide, exclusive (subject to certain exceptions), sublicensable (subject to certain conditions), license under certain intellectual property controlled by the Company for the use of Base Editing therapies for the treatment of any field of human diseases and conditions, subject to certain exceptions (the “Beam Field,” and the licenses granted or to be granted under the Beam License Agreement, the “Beam Development and Commercialization License”). Additionally, the Company granted to Beam a royalty-free, non-exclusive license under certain intellectual property owned or controlled by the Company to perform research activities in the Beam Field (the “Beam Research License”). The Company provided Beam with an exclusive option to obtain a Beam Development and Commercialization License to three additional groups of intellectual property owned or controlled by the Company, on a group by group basis, during the specified option period, subject to certain exceptions. Pursuant to the Beam License Agreement, Beam will use commercially reasonable efforts to develop a product that includes the rights licensed to Beam within a specified period of time and to commercialize any such product that have received regulatory approval in certain specified countries. As consideration for the license and option rights granted to Beam, the Company received a nominal one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable upfront cash payment. The Company also received non-cash consideration, consisting of a low to mid-single digit million number of shares of Beam Series A-1 and A-2 preferred stock, having an aggregate fair value of approximately $3.6 million. The Company is eligible to receive additional consideration if Beam elects to exercise its option to obtain a Beam Development and Commercialization License to the three categories of intellectual property underlying the Research License, for a fee ranging from a mid-teen million dollar amount to a low to mid-eight digit dollar amount per group, depending on the timing of the option exercise. Additionally, Beam is required to reimburse the Company for certain payments the Company may be obligated to make under the Company’s existing license agreements related to the intellectual property being licensed to Beam, including (i) development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments and certain sublicense income payments due as a result of the Beam License Agreement and (ii) a percentage of the annual maintenance fees and patent fees due to certain of the Company’s licensors. In addition, to the extent any products are commercialized under a Beam Development and Commercialization License, the Company would be entitled to receive royalty payments equivalent to the royalties that would be due from the Company to any applicable licensors of the Company related to the sales of such licensed products, plus an additional low single-digit percentage royalty. Additionally, if Beam exercises its right to obtain a Beam Development and Commercialization License to one of the categories of optioned intellectual property comprising Company-owned intellectual property and any related licensed products that are commercialized, the Company would be entitled to tiered low single-digit royalty payments related to sales of such licensed products. The license rights and option rights granted to Beam are subject to the terms and conditions of the underlying license agreements that the Company is a party to and under which the Company licensed rights or option rights to Beam and the termination of such in-licenses, as applicable. Unless earlier terminated by either party pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Beam License Agreement will continue in full force and effect and will expire on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis upon the expiration of the royalty term with respect to such licensed product in such country. Beam has the right, at its sole discretion, at any time to terminate the Beam License Agreement in its entirety or on a group-by-group of intellectual property basis, upon ninety days written notice to the Company. Upon termination of the Beam License Agreement, all rights and licenses granted by the Company to Beam (including the rights to exercise options and obtain such licenses) will immediately terminate and patents within a group of patents will no longer be deemed licensed patents. Expiration or termination of the Beam License Agreement for any reason does not release either party of any obligation or liability which had accrued or which is attributable to a period prior to such expiration or termination. Accounting Analysis The Company has identified the following performance obligations (i) the Beam Development and Commercialization License and (ii) the Beam Research License. In addition, the Company has concluded the option to obtain additional Beam Development and Commercialization Licenses to up to three additional groups of patents in the future is considered a marketing offer as the options did not provide any discounts or other rights that would be considered a material right in the arrangement. The total transaction price at the inception of the arrangement was determined to be approximately $3.8 million, consisting of the upfront cash payment and non-cash consideration related to the shares of Beam preferred stock. The Company determined the fair value based on the price paid by other unrelated investors for such shares. The consideration associated with the exercise of the option(s) will be accounted for if and when Beam elects to purchase the additional licenses. The other forms of consideration, including the development and regulatory milestone reimbursement, the sublicense income reimbursement, the maintenance fee reimbursement and the patent costs reimbursement were estimated based on the most-likely amount and were excluded from the initial transaction price as the most-likely amount was estimated to be zero or the amount was otherwise fully constrained due to the significant uncertainties surrounding such payments. The commercial-based milestone reimbursement and the sales-based royalty payments will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the licenses granted and therefore have also been excluded from the transaction price. The total transaction price at the inception of the arrangement was allocated to the performance obligations in the aggregate, as the Beam Development and Commercialization License and the Beam Research License were delivered simultaneously with one another, at inception of the arrangement, when the licenses were made available for Beam’s use and benefit. Accordingly, the satisfaction of each performance obligation occurs at inception of the arrangement and the transaction price at the inception of the arrangement is recognized in its entirety at such time. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. There were no changes to the transaction price during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized revenue under the Beam License Agreement of approximately $0.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The revenue is classified as collaboration and other research and development revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and the Beam preferred stock is classified in restricted cash and other non-current assets. Other Agreements Licensing Agreements The Company is a party to a number of license agreements under which the Company licenses patents, patent applications and other intellectual property from third parties. The following is a summary of such in-license agreements that are significant to the Company’s business. Massachusetts General Hospital Agreements In August 2014, the Company entered into an agreement to license certain patent rights owned or co‑owned by MGH. Consideration for the granting of the license included the payment of an upfront license fee of $0.1 million, the issuance of 66,848 shares of the Company’s common stock, which was based on 0.5% of the Company’s outstanding stock on a fully diluted basis, and the right to receive future issuances of shares of common stock to maintain MGH’s ownership following the third tranche of the Company’s Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock financing (i.e. anti‑dilution protection liability), which was settled in June 2015. MGH is entitled to receive nominal annual license fees and future clinical, regulatory and commercial milestone payments in an aggregate maximum amount of $3.7 million and an aggregate amount of $1.8 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones. The Company is also obligated to pay MGH low single digit percentage royalties on net sales of products for the prevention or treatment of human disease and ranging from low single digit to low double digit percentage royalties on net sales of other products and services made by the Company, its affiliates or its sublicenses. The royalty percentage depends on the product and service, and whether such licensed product or licensed service is covered by a valid claim within the certain patent rights that the Company licenses from MGH. In August 2016, the Company entered into a license agreement with MGH (the “2016 MGH Agreement”) to license certain patent rights owned or co-owned by MGH (the “Additional MGH Patent Rights”). Consideration for granting the license included the payment of an upfront nonrefundable license fee of $0.8 million, which the Company recorded as research and development expense in 2016. Under the 2016 MGH Agreement, MGH is entitled to nominal annual license fees, clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling less than $1.0 million in the aggregate per licensed product up to four licensed products or processes to achieve the specified clinical and regulatory milestones, and commercial sales milestone payments totaling up to $4.9 million in the aggregate, consisting of milestone payments due upon the first commercial sales for up to four licensed products or processes and milestone payments due upon annual net sales of products or processes meeting specified thresholds. The Company is also obligated to pay MGH royalties of less than 1% on net sales of products and processes for the prevention or treatment of human disease, and royalties of a low single-digit percentage on net sales of products and processes for the prevention or treatment of a non-human animal disease, made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. The royalty percentages that the Company is obligated to pay are subject to reduction if at the time of sale the applicable product or process is not covered by a valid claim within the Additional MGH Patent Rights. Under the 2016 MGH Agreement, the Company is obligated to reimburse MGH for all patent costs and future reasonable costs associated with the prosecution, filing, and maintenance of the licensed patents. MGH is also entitled under the 2016 MGH Agreement to receive payments of up to $6.0 million in the event the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds meeting or exceeding $1.0 billion, on or prior to the expiration or termination of the 2016 MGH Agreement (or if earlier, a Company sale) (“MGH Market Cap Success Payments”) or a Company sale for consideration in excess of those thresholds (“MGH Company Sale Success Payments”). Additional MGH Market Cap Success Payments become payable, and the amount of potential MGH Company Sale Success Payments would increase further, if the Company’s market capitalization reaches additional higher thresholds and the Company has at least one product candidate that is covered by a claim of an Additional MGH Patent Right and that (i) is the subject of a Phase 1 clinical trial of which the Company or an affiliate or sublicensee of the Company is the sponsor, (ii) was the subject of a Phase 1 clinical trial of which the Company or an affiliate or sublicensee of the Company was the sponsor with the Company having determined to conduct a subsequent clinical trial with respect to such product candidate, or (iii) has been approved for sale in either the United States or European Union. MGH Market Cap Success Payments are payable in cash or shares of Company common stock at the Company’s discretion, and MGH Company Sale Success Payments are payable solely in cash. The Company triggered the first MGH Market Cap Success Payment under the 2016 MGH Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2017 when the Company’s market capitalization reached $1.0 billion, as discussed more fully in Note 7. Cas9-I License Agreement In October 2014, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Cas9-I License Agreement”) with Broad and Harvard to license certain patent rights owned or co‑owned by, or among, Broad, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”), and Harvard (collectively, the “Institutions”). Consideration for the granting of the license included the payment of an upfront license issuance fee of $0.2 million and the issuance of 561,531 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Institutions are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $14.8 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union, and Japan for the treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. If the Company undergoes a change of control during the term of the license agreement, the clinical and regulatory milestone payments will be increased by a certain percentage in the mid‑double digits. The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to the Institutions, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $54.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. The Institutions are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $4.1 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the U.S. and at least one jurisdiction outside the U.S. for the treatment of a human disease based on certain criteria. The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to the Institutions, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $36.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the treatment of a rare disease meeting certain criteria. The Institutions are entitled to receive from the Company nominal annual license fees and a mid‑single digit percentage royalties on net sales of products for the prevention or treatment of human disease and ranging from low single digit to high single digit percentage royalties on net sales of other products and services, made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. The royalty percentage depends on the product and service, and whether such licensed product or licensed service is covered by a valid claim within the certain patent rights that the Company licenses from the Institutions. In December 2016, the Company entered into the Cpf1 License Agreement with Broad, for specified patent rights (the “Cpf1 Patent Rights”) related primarily to Cpf1 compositions of matter and their use for gene editing. Concurrently with entering into the Cpf1 License Agreement, the Company, Broad, and Harvard amended and restated the Cas9-I License Agreement as described below and the Company and Broad entered into the Cas9‑II License Agreement for specified patent rights (the “Cas9-II Patent Rights”) related primarily to certain Cas9 compositions of matter and their use for genome editing. The Company paid an upfront fee in aggregate of $16.5 million, which included the Initial Notes, under these agreements which was recorded in research and development expenses during 2016. Cpf1 License Agreement Pursuant to the Cpf1 License Agreement, Broad, on behalf of itself, Harvard, MIT, Wageningen, and the University of Tokyo (“UTokyo” and, together with Broad, Harvard, MIT, and Wageningen, the “Cpf1 Institutions”) granted the Company an exclusive, worldwide, royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license to the Cpf1 Patent Rights, to make, have made, use, have used, sell, offer for sale, have sold, export and import products in the field of the prevention or treatment of human disease using gene therapy, editing of genetic material, or targeting of genetic material, subject to certain limitations and retained rights (collectively, the “Cpf1 Exclusive Field”), as well as a non‑exclusive, worldwide, royalty‑bearing sublicensable license to the Cpf1 Patent Rights for all other purposes, subject to certain limitations and retained rights. The Company is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to research, develop, and commercialize products in the Cpf1 Exclusive Field. The Company is also required to achieve certain development milestones within specified time periods for products covered by the Cpf1 Patent Rights, with Broad having the right to terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement if the Company fails to achieve these milestones within the required time periods. Broad and Wageningen are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $20.0 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union, and Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to Broad and Wageningen, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $54.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. Broad and Wageningen are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $6.0 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union and Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts fewer than a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States or a specified number of patients per year in the United States (an “Ultra‑Orphan Disease”). The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to Broad and Wageningen, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $36.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the prevention or treatment of an Ultra‑Orphan Disease. Broad and Wageningen, collectively, are entitled to receive, on a product‑by‑product and country‑by‑country basis, mid single‑digit percentage royalty on net sales of licensed products for the prevention or treatment of human disease, and royalties on net sales of other licensed products and licensed services, made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. The royalty percentage depends on the product and service, and whether such licensed product or licensed service is covered by a valid claim within the Cpf1 Patent Rights. If the Company is legally required to pay royalties to a third party on net sales of the Company’s products because such third party holds patent rights that cover such licensed product, then the Company can credit up to a specified percentage of the amount paid to such third party against the royalties due to Broad and Wageningen in the same period. Such credit may not exceed 50% of the applicable royalties paid by the Company to the applicable third party. The Company’s obligation to pay royalties will expire on a product‑by‑product and country‑by‑country basis upon the later of the expiration of the last to expire valid claim of the Cpf1 Patent Rights that covers each licensed product or service in each country or the tenth anniversary of the date of the first commercial sale of the licensed product or licensed service. If the Company sublicenses any of the Cpf1 Patent Rights to a third party, Broad and Wageningen, collectively, have the right to receive sublicense income, depending on the stage of development of the products or services in question at the time of the sublicense. Under the Cpf1 License Agreement, Broad and Wageningen are also entitled, collectively, to receive success payments in the event the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds (the “Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments”) or a Company sale for consideration in excess of those thresholds (the “Cpf1 Company Sale Success Payments” and, collectively with the Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments, the “Cpf1 Success Payments”). The Cpf1 Success Payments payable to Broad and Wageningen are triggered when the Company’s market capitalization reaches certain amounts ranging from $750.0 million to $10.0 billion for a specified period of time, and collectively the Cpf1 Success Payments will not exceed, in aggregate, $125.0 million, which maximum amount would be payable only if the Company reaches a market capitalization threshold of $10.0 billion and has at least one product candidate covered by a claim of a patent right licensed to the Company under either the Cpf1 License Agreement or the Cas9‑I License Agreement that is or was the subject of a clinical trial pursuant to development efforts by the Company or any Company affiliate or sublicensee. The Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments are payable by the Company in cash or in the form of promissory notes on substantially the same terms and conditions as the Initial Notes, as described more fully in Note 7, except that the maturity date of such notes will, subject to certain exceptions, be 150 days following issuance. Following a change in control of the Company, Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments are required to be made in cash. Cpf1 Company Sale Success Payments are payable solely in cash. The Company triggered the first and second Cpf1 Success Payments during 2017 when the Company’s market capitalization reached $750 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, as described more fully in Note 7. Unless terminated earlier, the term of the Cpf1 License Agreement will expire on a country‑by‑country basis, upon the expiration of the last to expire valid claim of the Cpf1 Patent Rights in such country. The Company has the right to terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement at will upon four months’ written notice to Broad. Either party may terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement upon a specified period of notice in the event of the other party’s uncured material breach of a material obligation, such notice period varying depending on the nature of the breach. Broad may terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement immediately if the Company challenges the enforceability, validity, or scope of any Cpf1 Patent Right or assist a third party to do so, or in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy or insolvency. Amendment and Restatement of Cas9-I License Agreement In December 2016, the Company amended and restated the Cas9‑I License Agreement (such agreement, as amended, the “Amended and Restated Cas9-I License Agreement”) to exclude additional fields from the scope of the exclusive license previously granted to the Company, to make the exclusive license to three targets become non‑exclusive, subject to the limitation that each of Broad and Harvard would only be permitted to grant a license to only one third party at a time with respect to each such target within the field of the exclusive license, and to revise certain provisions relating to the rights of Harvard and Broad to grant further licenses under specified circumstances to third parties that wish to develop and commercialize products that target a particular gene and that otherwise would fall within the scope of the exclusive license under this agreement, so that Harvard and Broad together would have rights substantially similar to the equivalent rights possessed by Broad under the Cpf1 License Agreement to designate gene targets for which the designating institution, whether alone or together with an affiliate or third party, has an interest in researching and developing products that would otherwise be covered by rights licensed by Harvard and/or Broad to the Company under this agreement, the Cpf1 License Agreement or the Cas9‑II License Agreement. In March 2017, the Company and Harvard and Broad further amended the Amended and Restated Cas9-I License Agreement to (i) grant an exclusive license from Broad to the Company with respect to certain patent rights that The Rockefeller University (“Rockefeller”) has or may have rights in and to and for which Rockefeller has, under a certain inter-institutional agreement that Broad and Rockefeller entered into in February 2017, appointed Broad as sole and exclusive agent for the purposes of licensing and (ii) provide to Rockefeller certain rights, including with respect to patent enforcement, indemnification, insurance, confidentiality, reservation of certain rights, and publicity, that are generally consistent with those granted to Broad, Harvard, MIT and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute under the Amended and Restated Cas9-I License Agreement. Cas9‑II License Agreement Pursuant to the Cas9‑II License Agreement, Broad, on behalf of itself, MIT, Harvard, and the University of Iowa Research Foundation, granted the Company an exclusive, worldwide, royalty bearing sublicensable license to certain of the Cas9‑II Patent Rights as well as a non‑exclusive, worldwide, royalty‑bearing sublicensable license to all of the Cas9‑II Patent Rights, in each case on terms substantially similar to the licenses granted to the Company under the Cpf1 License Agreement except, among other things, for the following commitment amounts. Under the Cas9‑II License Agreement, the Company will pay an upfront license fee in a low seven digit dollar amount and will have to pay an annual license maintenance fee. The Company is obligated to pay clinical and regulatory milestone payments per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union and Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States totaling up to $3.7 million in the aggregate, and sales milestone payments for any such licensed product totaling up to $13.5 million in the aggregate. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $1.1 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States and the European Union or Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts fewer than a specified number of patients in the United States, plus sales milestone payments of up to $9.0 million for any such licensed product. Consistent with the Cpf1 License Agreement, the licensors are entitled to royalties on net sales of products for the prevention or treatment of human disease and other products and services made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. Royalties due under other license agreements are creditable against these royalties up to a specified amount in the same period. Lastly, Broad is entitled to receive success payments if the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds ascending from $1.0 billion to $9.0 billion or upon a sale of the Company for consideration in excess of those thresholds. The potential success payments range from a low seven digit dollar amount to a low eight digit dollar amount and will not exceed, in aggregate, $30.0 million, which maximum amount would be owed only if the Company reaches a market capitalization threshold of $9.0 billion and has at least one product candidate covered by a claim of a patent right licensed to the Company under either the Cas9-I License Agreement or the Cas9-II License Agreement that is or was the subject of a clinical trial pursuant to development efforts by the Company or any Company affiliate or sublicensee. The Company triggered the first Success Payment under the Cas9-II Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2017 when the Company’s market capitalization reached $1.0 billion, which the Company settled in January 2018, as more fully described in Note 7.

8. Significant Agreements

Juno Therapeutics Collaboration Agreement

Summary of Agreement

In May 2015, the Company entered into a collaboration and license agreement (the “Collaboration Agreement”) with Juno Therapeutics and in May 2018 the Company and Juno Therapeutics entered into an amended and restated collaboration and license agreement (the Collaboration Agreement, as amended and restated, the “Amended Collaboration Agreement”). The collaboration is focused on the research and development of engineered T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (“CARs”) and T cell receptors (“TCRs”) that have been genetically modified to recognize and kill other cells. Pursuant to the Collaboration Agreement, the parties were pursuing the research and development of CAR and TCR engineered T cell products utilizing the Company’s genome editing technologies with Juno Therapeutics’ CAR and TCR technologies across three research areas, which was increased to four research areas under the Amended Collaboration Agreement.

The collaborative program of research to be undertaken by the parties pursuant to the Amended Collaboration Agreement will be conducted in accordance with a mutually agreed upon research plan which outlines each party’s research and development responsibilities across the four research areas. The Company’s research and development responsibilities under the research plan are related to generating genome editing reagents that modify gene targets selected by Juno Therapeutics. Juno Therapeutics is responsible for evaluating and selecting for further research and development CAR and TCR engineered T cell products modified with the Company’s genome editing reagents. Except with respect to the Company’s obligations under the mutually agreed upon research plan, Juno Therapeutics has sole responsibility, at its own cost, for the worldwide research, development, manufacturing and commercialization of products within each of the four research areas for the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of any cancer in humans through the use of engineered T cells, excluding the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of medullary cystic kidney disease 1 (the “Exclusive Field”).

The initial term of the research program commenced on May 26, 2015 and continues for five years ending on May 26, 2020 (the “Initial Research Program Term”). Juno Therapeutics may extend the Initial Research Program Term for up to two additional one year periods upon the payment of extension fees for each one year extension period, assuming the Company has agreed to the extension request(s) (together, the initial term and any extension period(s) are referred to as the “Research Program Term”). The Research Program Term and the optional extensions were not changed by the Amended Collaboration Agreement.

Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics during the Research Program Term a nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty‑free, non-sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company solely for the purpose of conducting the following activities required under the specified research under the Collaboration Agreement: (i) conduct activities assigned to Juno Therapeutics under the research plan, (ii) conduct activities assigned to the Company under the research plan that the Company fails or refuses to conduct in a timely manner, (iii) research, evaluate and conduct preclinical testing and development of certain engineered T cells relating to the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement and (iv) evaluate the data developed in the conduct of activities under the research plan. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the license rights granted to Juno Therapeutics were expanded to include, during the Research Program Term, a nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty‑free, non-sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to: (i) research, evaluate and conduct preclinical testing and development of certain engineered T cells relating to the fourth research area and (ii) research, develop and use certain research tools (together, the initial research license granted per the terms of the Collaboration Agreement and the incremental research license granted per the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement are referred to as the “Research License”).

As it relates to two of the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement, under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics an exclusive, milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export selected CAR and TCR engineered T cell products in the Exclusive Field on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain targets selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program. Furthermore, as it relates to the same two research areas, under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics a non‑exclusive, milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to use genome editing reagents generated under the research program that are used in the creation of certain CAR or TCR engineered T cell products on which Juno Therapeutics has filed an investigational new drug (“IND”) application in the Exclusive Field for the treatment or prevention of a cancer in humans to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import and export those CAR or TCR engineered T cell products in all fields outside of the Exclusive Field (the “Non‑Exclusive Field”) on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain targets selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program (together, the license in the Exclusive Field and the license in the Non‑Exclusive Field are referred to as the “Development and Commercialization License” for each particular research area). Additionally, as it relates to the third research area that was originally the subject of the arrangement, under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics a milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import or export selected CAR and TCR engineered T cell products that utilize the genome editing reagents generated under the research program associated with those CAR and TCR engineered T cell products in the Exclusive Field on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain products selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program. The license associated with the third research area is exclusive as it relates to CAR or TCR engineered T cell products directed to certain targets as selected by Juno Therapeutics, but is otherwise non‑exclusive (referred to as the “Development and Commercialization License” for the third research area). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, as it relates to the fourth area of research that was added to the collaboration, the Company granted to Juno Therapeutics a milestone and royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license under certain of the intellectual property controlled by the Company to research, develop, make and have made, use, offer for sale, sell, import or export selected CAR and TCR engineered T cell products that utilize the genome editing reagents generated under the research program associated with those CAR and TCR engineered T cell products in the Exclusive Field on a worldwide basis, specifically as it relates to certain products selected by Juno Therapeutics pursuant to the research program. The license associated with the fourth research area is exclusive as it relates to CAR or TCR engineered T cell products directed to certain targets as selected by Juno Therapeutics, but is otherwise non‑exclusive (referred to as the “Development and Commercialization License” for the fourth research area).

The Amended Collaboration Agreement is being managed on an overall basis by a project leader from each of the Company and Juno Therapeutics. The project leaders serve as the contact point between the parties with respect to the research program and are primarily responsible for facilitating the flow of information, interaction, and collaboration between the parties. In addition, the research and development activities under the Amended Collaboration Agreement during the Research Program Term are governed by a joint research committee (“JRC”) formed by an equal number of representatives from the Company and Juno Therapeutics. The JRC oversees, reviews and recommends direction of the research program. Among other responsibilities, the JRC monitors and reports research progress and ensures open and frequent exchange between the parties regarding research program activities. The Amended Collaboration Agreement did not alter the governance provisions in the Collaboration Agreement.

Under the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, the Company received a $25.0 million up‑front, non‑refundable, non‑creditable cash payment. In connection with the entry into the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company received an additional $5.0 million up-front, non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment. Moreover, the Company became entitled to receive two $2.5 million milestones related to technical progress in one of the research areas upon the execution of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. In addition, Juno Therapeutics is obligated to pay to the Company an aggregate of up to $22.0 million in research and development funding over the Initial Research Program Term across the four research areas consisting primarily of funding for up to a specified maximum number of full time equivalents personnel each year over the Initial Research Program Term across four research areas. Consistent with the terms of the Collaboration Agreement, under the terms of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, there is no incremental compensation due to the Company with respect to the Development and Commercialization License granted to Juno Therapeutics associated with the first target or product, as applicable, designated by Juno Therapeutics within each of the four research areas. However, for two of the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement, Juno Therapeutics continues to have the option to purchase up to three additional Development and Commercialization Licenses associated with other gene targets for an additional fee of approximately $2.5 million per target. In addition, Juno Therapeutics is required to make certain milestone payments to the Company upon the achievement of specified development, regulatory and commercial events. More specifically, for the first product to achieve the associated event in each of the three research areas that were originally the subject of the arrangement, the Company is eligible to receive up to $77.5 million in development milestone payments and up to $80.0 million in regulatory milestone payments, while the Company is eligible to receive up to $80.0 million in development milestone payments and up to $80.0 million in regulatory milestone payments for the first product to achieve the associated event in the fourth area of research that was added to the collaboration. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive additional development and regulatory milestone payments for subsequent products developed within each of the four research areas. Moreover, the Company is eligible for up to $75.0 million in commercial milestone payments associated with aggregate sales of all products within each of the four research areas. Development milestone payments are generally triggered upon the achievement of certain specified development criteria or upon initiation of a defined phase of clinical research for a product candidate. Regulatory milestone payments are triggered upon approval to market a product candidate by the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other global regulatory authorities. Commercial milestone payments are triggered when an approved pharmaceutical product reaches certain defined levels of net sales by the licensee. The milestone payments and related triggering events associated with the three research areas that were originally the subject of the Collaboration Agreement were not modified in the Amended Collaboration Agreement.

In addition, to the extent any of the product candidates covered by the licenses conveyed to Juno Therapeutics under the Amended Collaboration Agreement are commercialized, the Company would be entitled to receive tiered royalty payments of low double digits based on a percentage of net sales. Similar to the milestones, pursuant to the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company is eligible to receive an independent royalty stream associated with the fourth area of research that was added to the collaboration. Royalty payments are subject to certain reductions, including for any royalty payments required to be made by Juno Therapeutics related to a third‑party’s intellectual property rights, subject to an aggregate minimum floor. Royalties are due on a licensed product‑by‑licensed product and country‑by‑country basis from the date of the first commercial sale of each product in a country until the later of: (i) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of such licensed product in such country and (ii) the expiration date in such country of the last to expire valid claim within the licensed intellectual property covering the manufacture, use or sale of such licensed product in such country. The Company achieved $2.5 million development milestones under the Collaboration Agreement resulting from technical progress in a research program in each of May 2016 and July 2017 (the “July 2017 Juno Milestone Payment”). The Company achieved two additional $2.5 million development milestones under the Amended Collaboration Agreement resulting from technical progress in a research program in May 2018. Due to the uncertainty of pharmaceutical development and the high historical failure rates generally associated with drug development, no additional milestone or royalty payments may ever be received from Juno Therapeutics. As of September 30, 2018, the next potential milestone payment that the Company may be entitled to receive under the Amended Collaboration Agreement is a milestone payment of $2.5 million for the achievement of certain development criteria. There are no cancellation, termination or refund provisions in the Amended Collaboration Agreement that contain material financial consequences to the Company.

Unless earlier terminated, the Amended Collaboration Agreement will continue in full force and effect, on a licensed product‑by‑licensed product and country‑by‑country basis until the date no further payments are due to the Company from Juno Therapeutics. Either party may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement if the other party has materially breached or defaulted in the performance of any of its material obligations and such breach or default continues after the specified cure period. Either party may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement in the event of the commencement of any proceeding in or for bankruptcy, insolvency, dissolution or winding up by or against the other party that is not dismissed or otherwise disposed of within a specified time period. Juno Therapeutics may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement for convenience upon not less than six months prior written notice to the Company. The Company may terminate the Amended Collaboration Agreement in the event that Juno Therapeutics brings, assumes, or participates in, or knowingly, willfully or recklessly assists in bringing a dispute or challenge against the Company related to its intellectual property.

Termination of the Amended Collaboration Agreement for any reason does not release either party from any liability which, at the time of such termination, has already accrued to the other party or which is attributable to a period prior to such termination nor preclude either party from pursuing any rights and remedies it may have under the agreement or at law or in equity with respect to any breach of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. If Juno Therapeutics terminates the Amended Collaboration Agreement as a result of the Company’s uncured material breach or default, then: (i) the licenses and rights conveyed to Juno Therapeutics will continue as set forth in the agreement, (ii) Juno Therapeutics’ obligations related to milestones and royalties will continue as set forth in the agreement and (iii) Juno Therapeutics’ rights to prosecute, maintain and enforce certain intellectual property rights will continue as set forth in the agreement. If Juno Therapeutics terminates the Amended Collaboration Agreement for convenience or if the Company terminates the Amended Collaboration Agreement as a result of Juno Therapeutics’ uncured material breach or default, then the licenses conveyed to Juno Therapeutics will terminate. The Amended Collaboration Agreement did not modify the termination provisions in the Collaboration Agreement.

Accounting Analysis

The Company evaluated the Amended Collaboration Agreement in accordance with the provisions of ASC 606. The Company has accounted for the amendment resulting from the Amended Collaboration Agreement as a modification to the original contract and not as a separate contract. The Company combined the Amended Collaboration Agreement with the Collaboration Agreement because the scope of the arrangement did not solely increase due to the addition of distinct promised goods or services with pricing that reflects the associated standalone selling prices. For the remaining goods and services that are distinct from the goods and services that were transferred on or before the date of the effectiveness of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company has accounted for the modification on a prospective basis as if it were a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract. Conversely, the remaining goods and services that are not distinct from the goods and services that were transferred on or before the date of the effectiveness of the Amended Collaboration Agreement were deemed to form part of a single performance obligation that is partially satisfied so they have been accounted for as part of the existing contract for which an adjustment was recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis at the date of the modification.

The Company has identified the following performance obligations under the combined arrangement: (i) Research License and the related research and development services during the Initial Research Program Term (the “Research License and Related Services”), (ii) four material rights related to the first Development and Commercialization Licenses related to each of the four research areas (each, a “First Development and Commercialization License Material Right”) and (iii) six material rights related to the option to purchase up to three additional Development and Commercialization Licenses for two of the research areas (each, an “Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right”). Upon exercise of the option to obtain a Development and Commercialization License under any of the four research areas, the Company will provide Juno Therapeutics with a license covering the further development and potential commercialization of the underlying target or product, as applicable. The Company has determined that the ability to obtain Development and Commercialization Licenses under the arrangement represents a material right because Juno Therapeutics is entitled to incremental licenses for additional consideration that represents a significant discount from amounts that would otherwise be offered for the related goods to comparable customers outside of the contract.

The Company has concluded that the Research License is not distinct from the research and development services during the Initial Research Program Term as Juno Therapeutics cannot obtain the benefit of the Research License without the Company performing the research and development services. The services incorporate proprietary technology, unique skills and specialized expertise, particularly as it relates to genome editing technology that is not available in the marketplace. As a result, the Research License, inclusive of the incremental license granted in connection with the Amended Collaboration Agreement, has been combined with the research and development services into a bundled performance obligation. The Company has concluded that the First Development and Commercialization License Material Rights for each respective research area and the Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Rights for the two research areas to which they relate are each a separate performance obligation. These material rights, of which there are ten in total, are distinct from the other performance obligations in the arrangement as they are options in the contract that are not required for Juno Therapeutics to obtain the benefit of the other promised goods and services in the arrangement. Accordingly, in accounting for the modification resulting from the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Research License and Related Services performance obligation was treated as part of the existing contract, whereas the material right performance obligations were treated as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract.

As of September 30, 2018, the total transaction price associated with the remaining consideration based on the Amended Collaboration Agreement was determined to be $45.8 million, consisting of: (i) $25.0 million upfront non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment associated with the Collaboration Agreement, (ii) $5.0 million upfront non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment associated with the Amended Collaboration Agreement, (iii) $8.1 million of remaining research and development funding, (iv) $2.7 million of milestone payments received by the Company under the Collaboration Agreement that were not yet recognized as revenue and (v) $5.0 million of milestone payments due to the Company upon execution of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. The research and development funding is being paid by Juno Therapeutic to the Company based on the number of the Company’s full time equivalents of its personnel conducting the research under the Amended Collaboration Agreement. The Company utilizes the most likely amount method to determine the amount of research and development funding to be received. The Company also utilizes the most likely amount method to estimate any development and regulatory milestone payments to be received. As of September 30, 2018, there were no milestones that had not been earned and received included in the transaction price. The Company considers the stage of development and the risks associated with the remaining development required to achieve the milestone, as well as whether the achievement of the milestone is outside the control of the Company or Juno Therapeutics. The outstanding milestone payments were fully constrained as of September 30, 2018, as a result of the uncertainty whether any of the milestones will be achieved. The Company has determined that any commercial milestones and sales-based royalties will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the license(s) to be granted and therefore have also been excluded from the transaction price. The Company reevaluates the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. Through the date of the Amended Collaboration Agreement, the Company had recognized approximately $12.3 million of revenue associated with the Research License and Related Services which was excluded from the modification date transaction price.

The transaction price was allocated to the performance obligations based on the relative estimated standalone selling prices of each performance obligation or, in the case of certain variable consideration, to one or more performance obligations. The estimated standalone selling price for the Research License and Related Services is primarily based on the nature of the services to be performed and estimates of the associated effort and costs of the services, adjusted for a reasonable profit margin that would be expected to be realized under similar contracts. The Company developed the estimated standalone selling price for the material rights based on the difference between the value of the license granted and any additional consideration to be received upon exercise of the underlying option, adjusted for the probability of exercise. The value of the license granted was determined based on the probability-weighted present value of expected future cash flows associated with each license related to each specific research area. In developing such estimate, the Company also considered applicable market conditions and relevant entity-specific factors, including those factors contemplated in negotiating the agreement, probability of success and the time needed to commercialize a product candidate pursuant to the associated license.

The transaction price allocated to each performance obligation as of September 30, 2018 was as follows: (i) Research License and Related Services: $15.8 million, (ii) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the first research area: $3.6 million, (iii) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the second research area: $6.0 million, (iv) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the third research area: $0.1 million, (v) First Development and Commercialization License Material Right related to the fourth research area: $18.3 million, (vi) the first Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the first research area: $0.3 million, (vii) the second Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the first research area: $0.2 million, (viii) the third Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the first research area: $0.1 million, (ix) the first Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the second research area: $0.8 million, (x) the second Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the second research area: $0.5 million, and (xi) the third Additional Development and Commercialization License Material Right for the second research area: $0.3 million.

The Company recognizes revenue related to amounts allocated to the Research License and Related Services as the underlying services are performed using a proportional performance model. The Company measures proportional performance based on full time employee hours relative to projected full time employee hours to complete the research services which best reflects the progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. Revenue related to each of the material rights will be recognized upon the earlier of when the respective options are exercised and the Company transfers control of the related license or when the respective options lapse. The rights to be conveyed to Juno Therapeutics pursuant to each of the Development and Commercialization Licenses extend exclusively to an individual target or product, as applicable; therefore, control is deemed to be transferred upon the designation by Juno Therapeutics of the specific target or product, as applicable, whereupon the license becomes effective upon Juno Therapeutics exercising their option. None of the options associated with the material rights had been exercised or had lapsed as of September 30, 2018.

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized revenue under the Collaboration Agreement and the Amended Collaboration Agreement totaling approximately $0.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized revenue under the Collaboration Agreement and the Amended Collaboration Agreement totaling approximately $5.2 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Included in the revenue recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 is $2.5 million related to the July 2017 Juno Milestone Payment. Included in the revenue recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is approximately $3.0 million of additional revenue related to a cumulative catch-up adjustment associated with the Amended Collaboration Agreement. No revenue had been recognized through the date of the Amended Collaboration Agreement for the material rights performance obligations and there were no cumulative catch-up adjustments recorded for such performance obligations as a result of the Amended Collaboration Agreement. Amounts allocated to each of the material rights will be recognized as revenue prospectively when the material right has been exercised or when the respective option has lapsed.

The revenue is classified as collaboration and other research and development revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was approximately $33.2 million and $26.4 million of deferred revenue, respectively, related to the Amended Collaboration Agreement and the Collaboration Agreement, respectively, of which $32.6 million and $26.4 million was classified as long term, respectively, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. In addition, as of December 31, 2017, the Company had recorded accounts receivable of $0.5 million related to reimbursable research and development costs under the Collaboration Agreement for activities performed during the fourth quarter of 2017. There was no receivable balance as of September 30, 2018.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company paid $1.7 million in sublicense fees that were owed to certain of the Company’s licensors in connection with the Amended Collaboration Agreement, which the Company recorded as research and development expenses during such period. The Company did not pay any sublicense fees during the three months ended September 30, 2018 or during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the Amended Collaboration Agreement.

Allergan Pharmaceuticals Strategic Alliance and Option Agreement

Summary of Agreement

In March 2017, the Company entered into a Strategic Alliance and Option Agreement with Allergan to discover, develop, and commercialize new gene editing medicines for a range of ocular disorders (the “Allergan Agreement”). Over a seven-year research term, Allergan will have an exclusive option to exclusively license from the Company up to five collaboration development programs for the treatment of ocular disorders (each a “CDP”), including the Company’s Leber Congenital Amaurosis type 10 program (the “LCA10 Program”).

Under the Allergan Agreement, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to develop at least five CDPs and deliver preclinical results and data meeting specified criteria with respect to each CDP (each, an “Option Package” and such criteria, the “Option Package Criteria”) to Allergan. The list of proposed targets that may be subject to a CDP may be amended from time to time by mutual agreement of the Company and Allergan. The Company is responsible for the preparation and delivery of a written development plan for each particular CDP setting forth the discovery and research activities to be conducted which is subject to the approval of the alliance steering committee that was formed under the Allergan Agreement, comprised of three members from each of the Company and Allergan (the “Steering Committee”). The Company will maintain primary responsibility for the development efforts under each CDP. The Company is responsible for all research and development costs prior to the achievement of the Option Package Criteria. Allergan will have the ability for a defined period of time (“Initial Option Period”) to exercise an option (each, an “Option”) to obtain a world-wide right and license to the Company’s background intellectual property and the Company’s interest in the CDP intellectual property to develop, commercialize, make, have made, use, offer for sale, sell, and import any gene editing therapy product that results from such CDP during the term of the Allergan Agreement (a “Licensed Product”) in any category of human diseases and conditions other than the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of any cancer in humans through the use of engineered T-cells and subject to specified other limitations. Allergan has the option to extend the Initial Option Period and require the Company to perform additional research and development services, subject to the payment of additional consideration. After exercise of an Option with respect to a CDP, with the exception of any CDP’s where the Company has exercised its profit-sharing option, Allergan will be responsible for all development, manufacturing, and commercialization activities in connection with licensed products arising from such CDP, other than with respect to the LCA10 Program, if LCA10 is designated as a CDP. In July 2018, Allergan exercised its Option with respect to the LCA10 Program. In connection with such exercise, Allergan paid the Company $15.0 million (the “LCA10 Option Exercise Payment”). Following such exercise, the Company exercised its Profit-Share Election with respect to the LCA10 Program. Following such election, the LCA10 Program became subject to a Profit-Sharing Arrangement and, as of September 30, 2018, the parties have not yet entered into a separate profit-sharing agreement with respect to the Profit-Sharing Arrangement.

The initial term of the Allergan Agreement commenced on March 14, 2017 and continues for seven years ending on March 14, 2024 (the “Research Term”). If the Company has not delivered an Option Package, which includes the results and data from the CDP, for five CDPs that satisfy the Option Package Criteria, then the Research Term will automatically extend by one-year increments until such obligation is satisfied, up to a maximum of ten years from March 2017.

The activities under the Allergan Agreement during the Research Term will be governed by the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee will review and monitor the direction of the development plan, evaluate and determine which targets are selected to become CDP, establish the Option Package Criteria for each CDP and evaluate the achievement of such criteria as well as oversee the development and commercialization activities after Allergan has licensed a CDP.

Under the terms of the Allergan Agreement, the Company received a $90.0 million up‑front, non‑refundable, non‑creditable cash payment (the “Allergan Upfront”) related to the Company’s research and development costs for Option Packages for at least five CDPs and for reimbursement of the Company’s past out of pocket costs with respect to the prosecution and defense of patents that it owns and in-licenses. Allergan has the option to purchase at least five development and commercialization licenses associated CDP that have satisfied the Option Package Criteria. The option exercise fee during the Initial Option Period is $15.0 million per CDP. If Allergan elects to extend the Initial Option Period, Allergan is required to pay an additional fee of $5.0 million to extend the option, at which point the Company is required to perform additional research services. If Allergan elects to exercise its option to a development and commercialization license after extending the Initial Option Period, Allergan must pay the Company the option exercise fee of $22.5 million, plus specified costs incurred by the Company in connection with the additional development work.

Following the exercise by Allergan of an Option with respect to a CDP, Allergan would be required to make certain milestone payments to the Company upon the achievement of specified development, product approval and launch and commercial events, on a CDP by CDP basis. On a CDP by CDP basis, for the first product in the first field to achieve the associated event, the Company is eligible to receive up to an aggregate of $42 million for development milestone payments and $75.0 million for product approval and launch milestone payments, in each case, for an indication in the field per CDP. In addition, the Company is eligible to receive additional development and product approval and launch milestone payments for subsequent products developed within two additional fields. The Company is also eligible for up to $90 million in sales milestone payments on a CDP by CDP basis, associated with aggregate worldwide sales. Certain product approval milestones are subject to certain reductions under specified circumstances, including for payments required to be made by Allergan to obtain certain third party intellectual property rights. In addition, within 45 days of the acceptance by the applicable regulatory authority of the Company’s submission of an IND application with respect to the LCA10 Program, Allergan is required to pay the Company a one-time payment of $25.0 million (the “LCA10 IND Payment”). As of September 30, 2018, the next potential milestone payment that the Company may be entitled to receive under the Allergan Agreement is a milestone payment of $8.0 million for the achievement of certain development criteria.

With respect to the LCA10 Program, and up to one other CDP of the Company’s choosing, following the exercise by Allergan of its Option to such programs the Company will have the right to elect to participate in a profit-sharing arrangement with Allergan in the United States, on terms mutually agreed by the Company and Allergan and subject to a right of Allergan to reject such election under certain circumstances, under which the Company and Allergan would share equally in net profits and losses on specific terms to be agreed between the Company and Allergan, in lieu of Allergan paying royalties on net sales of any applicable Licensed Products in the United States, and in such event Allergan’s milestone payment obligations would be reduced, with the Company being eligible to receive development and product approval and launch milestone payments up to a low nine-digit amount in the aggregate and further sales milestone payments up to a high-eight digit amount in the aggregate, subject to reduction under certain circumstances (such right, the “Profit-Share Election,” and such arrangement, a “Profit-Sharing Arrangement”). If the Company elects to participate in a profit-sharing arrangement, the Company is obligated to reimburse Allergan for half of the development costs incurred by Allergan with respect to the applicable CDP, and Allergan will retain control of all development and commercialization activities for the applicable Licensed Products.

In addition, to the extent there is any Licensed Product, the Company would be entitled to receive tiered royalty payments of high single digits based on a percentage of net sales of such Licensed Product, subject to certain reductions under specified circumstances, and the Company will remain obligated to pay all license fees, milestone payments, and royalties due to its upstream licensors based on Allergan’s exercise of its license rights with respect to Licensed Products. However, if a Licensed Product is subject to a profit-sharing agreement the royalties will only be paid on ex-U.S. net sales. Royalties are due on a Licensed Product‑by‑Licensed Product and country‑by‑country basis from the date of the first commercial sale of each Licensed Product in a country until the later of: (i) the tenth anniversary of the first commercial sale of such Licensed Product in such country, (ii) the expiration date in such country of the last to expire valid claim within the licensed intellectual property covering the manufacture, use or sale of such Licensed Product in such country and (iii) the expiration of an exclusive legal right granted by the regulatory authority in such country to market and sell such Licensed Product.

Unless earlier terminated, the Allergan Agreement will terminate upon (i) the expiration of the Research Term, if Allergan does not exercise an Option, (ii) on a Licensed Product-by-Licensed Product and country-by-country basis, on the date of the expiration of all payment obligations under the Allergan Agreement with respect to such Licensed Product in such country or (iii) in its entirety upon the expiration of all payment obligations with respect to the last Licensed Product in all countries, unless terminated earlier due to the early termination provisions. Either party may terminate the Allergan Agreement if the other party has materially breached or defaulted in the performance of any of its material obligations and such breach or default continues after the specified cure period. During the Research Term, Allergan will have the right to terminate the Allergan Agreement on a CDP by CDP basis in the event of a change in control of the Company or for all CDPs, provided that Allergan will not have any right to exercise an Option for any CDPs following such termination. After the exercise of an Option, Allergan will have the right, at its sole discretion, to terminate the Allergan Agreement, on a CDP by CDP basis, upon 90 days’ written notice. The Company may terminate the Allergan Agreement in the event that Allergan brings, assumes, or participates in, or knowingly, willfully or recklessly assists in bringing a dispute or challenge against the Company related to its intellectual property. Lastly, Allergan may terminate the Allergan Agreement with respect to a CDP if a safety concern, as specified in the Allergan Agreement, arises.

Termination of the Allergan Agreement for any reason will not release either party from any liability which, at the time of such termination, has already accrued to the other party or which is attributable to a period prior to such termination. In addition, termination of the Allergan Agreement will not preclude either party from pursuing any rights and remedies it may have under the agreement or at law or in equity with respect to any breach of the Allergan Agreement. If Allergan terminates the Allergan Agreement as a result of the Company’s uncured material breach or default, then: (i) the licenses and rights conveyed to Allergan will continue as set forth in the agreement for any CDP Allergan has already licensed and (ii) Allergan’s obligations related to milestones and royalties will continue as set forth in the agreement. If the Allergan Agreement is terminated for any other reason, then the options and licenses conveyed to Allergan under the agreement will terminate.

Accounting Analysis

Under the Allergan Agreement, the Company has identified a single performance obligation that includes (i) the research and development services during the Research Term (the “Allergan R&D Services”), and (ii) Steering Committee services during the Research Term (the “ASC Services”). The Company has concluded that the Allergan R&D Services is not distinct from the ASC Services during the Research Term. The Steering Committee provides oversight and management of the overall Allergan Agreement, and the members of the Steering Committee from the Company have specialized industry knowledge, particularly as it relates to genome editing technology. The Steering Committee is meant to facilitate the early stage research being performed and coordinate the activities of both the Company and Allergan. Further, the Steering Committee services are critical to the selection of a CDP, the ongoing evaluation of a CDP and the development and evaluation of the Option Package Criteria. Accordingly, the Company’s participation on the Steering Committee is essential to Allergan receiving value from the Allergan R&D Services and as such, the ASC Services along with the Allergan R&D Services are considered one performance obligation (the “CDP Services”). In addition, the Company has concluded that the option to purchase five development and commercialization licenses is considered a marketing offer as the options did not provide any discounts or other rights that would be considered a material right in the arrangement.

As of January 1, 2018, the date of the initial application of ASC 606 by the Company, the total transaction price was determined to be $90.0 million, consisting solely of the upfront non-refundable, non-creditable cash payment. The Company also utilized the most likely amount method to estimate any development and regulatory milestone payments to be received. As of January 1, 2018, there were no milestones included in the transaction price. The Company considered the stage of development and the risks associated with the remaining development required to achieve the milestone, as well as whether the achievement of the milestone is outside the control of the Company or Allergan. The LCA10 IND Payment and remaining milestone payments were fully constrained, as a result of the uncertainty whether any of the milestones would be achieved as of September 30, 2018. The Company has determined that any commercial milestones and sales-based royalties will be recognized when the related sales occur and therefore have also been excluded from the transaction price. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. There were no changes to the transaction price during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company will recognize revenue related to the CDP Services as the underlying services are performed using a proportional performance model. The Company measures proportional performance based on full time employee hours relative to projected full time employee hours to complete the research service.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized revenue under the Allergan Agreement of approximately $13.8 million and $16.7 million, respectively, inclusive, in each case, of the LCA10 Option Exercise Payment which the Company recognized upon the grant to Allergan of the right to use intellectual property associated with the development and commercialization license for LCA10 and final decision making authority with respect to the LCA10 Program. The LCA10 Option Exercise Payment recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2018 was partially offset by an update in the Company’s revenue recognition model to reflect the expected level of the Company’s effort required to develop the remaining CDPs. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recognized revenue under the Allergan Agreement of approximately $3.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there was $79.1 million and $81.2 million of deferred revenue related to the Allergan Agreement, respectively, of which $71.5 million and $68.3 million is classified as long-term on the condensed consolidated balance sheet, respectively.

As part of the Profit-Sharing Arrangement, the Company and Allergan will equally split U.S. profits and losses for the LCA10 Program in the United States and will co-develop the LCA10 Program in the United States. The Company accounts for the Profit-Sharing Arrangement with respect to the LCA10 Program within the scope of ASC Topic 808, Collaborative Arrangements, given that both the Company and Allergan are active participants in future research and development activities and both parties are exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on the commercial success of such activities. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company and Allergan incurred $2.8 million in expense associated with the LCA10 Program, of which the Company recognized $1.1 million in contra research and development expenses during such period. The reimbursement is classified as prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company accrued $2.3 million in sublicense fees that were owed to certain of the Company’s licensors in connection with the LCA10 Option Exercise Payment, which the Company recorded as research and development expenses during such period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company recorded $6.7 million and $14.1 million, respectively, in sublicense fees that were owed to certain of the Company’s licensors in connection with the Allergan Upfront, which the Company recorded as research and development expenses during such period.

Broad Sponsored Research Agreement

Summary of Agreement

The Sponsored Research Agreement provides for Broad to conduct research useful or relevant to genome editing in the field of genomic medicines for the prevention or treatment of human disease with funding from the Company. Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, Broad granted to the Company an exclusive right of first negotiation for licenses from Broad with respect to patentable inventions developed by Broad in the course of the sponsored research, subject to certain limitations and retained rights (“Sponsored Invention Licenses”).

Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, the Company is obligated to make Market Cap Research Funding payments in the event the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds ranging from a mid-nine digit dollar amount to a low-eleven digit dollar amount or Company Sale Research Funding payments in the event of a Company sale for consideration ranging from a mid-nine digit dollar amount to a low-eleven digit dollar amount. In connection with entering into the Sponsored Research Agreement, the Company confirmed that the first two research payments of $5.0 million and $7.5 million, respectively, were due and payable to Broad. In connection with the Initial Research Payments, the Company issued promissory notes to Broad that it settled in common stock in June 2018 as discussed more fully in Note 7. The $12.5 million in research funding expense was recorded to research and development expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2018. Other than the Initial Research Payments, the Company is not required to make additional Research Funding Payments if the Company, whether directly or through its affiliates or sublicensees, is not researching, developing, or commercializing products based on or incorporating inventions exclusively licensed to the Company from Broad under Sponsored Invention Licenses or based on or incorporating CRISPR technology owned, co-owned, or controlled by Broad and otherwise licensed to the Company, subject to certain exclusions (an “Applicable Product” and such exemption from payment, the “Funding Exemption”). In the event that the Company, whether directly or through its affiliates or sublicensees, later resumes research, development, or commercialization of an Applicable Product within a specified period of time, any Research Funding Payment that was not paid to Broad as a result of the Funding Exemption shall become payable. Under the Sponsored Research Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay up to $125.0 million to Broad in Research Funding, inclusive of the Initial Research Payments, and in no event shall the aggregate amount of all Research Funding Payments exceed such amount.

Unless the Company has undergone a change in control, Market Cap Research Funding is payable by the Company in cash, common stock, or in the form of promissory notes, which may be settled in shares of common stock at the election of the Company, as discussed more fully in Note 7. Following a change in control of the Company, Company Sale Research Funding is required to be made in cash. The Sponsored Research Agreement is terminable by each party upon the occurrence of specified bankruptcy events of the other party and otherwise will continue in effect until the later of the expenditure of all Research Funding Payments by Broad and such time as the Company has no further rights of first negotiation for Sponsored Invention Licenses, unless otherwise mutually agreed between the parties.

Beam Therapeutics License Agreement

Summary of Agreement

In May 2018, the Company entered into a license agreement with Beam (the “Beam License Agreement”). Beam is a biotechnology company focused on developing precision genetic medicines using technology that converts a single nucleobase into a different nucleobase (“Base Editing”). Pursuant to the Beam License Agreement, the Company granted to Beam licenses and options to acquire licenses to certain intellectual property rights owned or controlled by the Company, for specified uses. More specifically, the Company granted to Beam a worldwide, exclusive (subject to certain exceptions), sublicensable (subject to certain conditions), license under certain intellectual property controlled by the Company for the use of Base Editing therapies for the treatment of any field of human diseases and conditions, subject to certain exceptions (the “Beam Field,” and the licenses granted or to be granted under the Beam License Agreement, the “Beam Development and Commercialization License”). Additionally, the Company granted to Beam a royalty-free, non-exclusive license under certain intellectual property owned or controlled by the Company to perform research activities in the Beam Field (the “Beam Research License”). The Company provided Beam with an exclusive option to obtain a Beam Development and Commercialization License to three additional groups of intellectual property owned or controlled by the Company, on a group by group basis, during the specified option period, subject to certain exceptions. Pursuant to the Beam License Agreement, Beam will use commercially reasonable efforts to develop a product that includes the rights licensed to Beam within a specified period of time and to commercialize any such product that have received regulatory approval in certain specified countries.

As consideration for the license and option rights granted to Beam, the Company received a nominal one-time, non-refundable, non-creditable upfront cash payment. The Company also received non-cash consideration, consisting of a low to mid-single digit million number of shares of Beam Series A-1 and A-2 preferred stock, having an aggregate fair value of approximately $3.6 million. The Company is eligible to receive additional consideration if Beam elects to exercise its option to obtain a Beam Development and Commercialization License to the three categories of intellectual property underlying the Research License, for a fee ranging from a mid-teen million dollar amount to a low to mid-eight digit dollar amount per group, depending on the timing of the option exercise. Additionally, Beam is required to reimburse the Company for certain payments the Company may be obligated to make under the Company’s existing license agreements related to the intellectual property being licensed to Beam, including (i) development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments and certain sublicense income payments due as a result of the Beam License Agreement and (ii) a percentage of the annual maintenance fees and patent fees due to certain of the Company’s licensors. In addition, to the extent any products are commercialized under a Beam Development and Commercialization License, the Company would be entitled to receive royalty payments equivalent to the royalties that would be due from the Company to any applicable licensors of the Company related to the sales of such licensed products, plus an additional low single-digit percentage royalty. Additionally, if Beam exercises its right to obtain a Beam Development and Commercialization License to one of the categories of optioned intellectual property comprising Company-owned intellectual property and any related licensed products that are commercialized, the Company would be entitled to tiered low single-digit royalty payments related to sales of such licensed products.

The license rights and option rights granted to Beam are subject to the terms and conditions of the underlying license agreements that the Company is a party to and under which the Company licensed rights or option rights to Beam and the termination of such in-licenses, as applicable. Unless earlier terminated by either party pursuant to the terms of the agreement, the Beam License Agreement will continue in full force and effect and will expire on a licensed product-by-licensed product and country-by-country basis upon the expiration of the royalty term with respect to such licensed product in such country. Beam has the right, at its sole discretion, at any time to terminate the Beam License Agreement in its entirety or on a group-by-group of intellectual property basis, upon ninety days written notice to the Company. Upon termination of the Beam License Agreement, all rights and licenses granted by the Company to Beam (including the rights to exercise options and obtain such licenses) will immediately terminate and patents within a group of patents will no longer be deemed licensed patents. Expiration or termination of the Beam License Agreement for any reason does not release either party of any obligation or liability which had accrued or which is attributable to a period prior to such expiration or termination.

Accounting Analysis

The Company has identified the following performance obligations (i) the Beam Development and Commercialization License and (ii) the Beam Research License. In addition, the Company has concluded the option to obtain additional Beam Development and Commercialization Licenses to up to three additional groups of patents in the future is considered a marketing offer as the options did not provide any discounts or other rights that would be considered a material right in the arrangement.

The total transaction price at the inception of the arrangement was determined to be approximately $3.8 million, consisting of the upfront cash payment and non-cash consideration related to the shares of Beam preferred stock. The Company determined the fair value based on the price paid by other unrelated investors for such shares. The consideration associated with the exercise of the option(s) will be accounted for if and when Beam elects to purchase the additional licenses. The other forms of consideration, including the development and regulatory milestone reimbursement, the sublicense income reimbursement, the maintenance fee reimbursement and the patent costs reimbursement were estimated based on the most-likely amount and were excluded from the initial transaction price as the most-likely amount was estimated to be zero or the amount was otherwise fully constrained due to the significant uncertainties surrounding such payments. The commercial-based milestone reimbursement and the sales-based royalty payments will be recognized when the related sales occur as they were determined to relate predominantly to the licenses granted and therefore have also been excluded from the transaction price.

The total transaction price at the inception of the arrangement was allocated to the performance obligations in the aggregate, as the Beam Development and Commercialization License and the Beam Research License were delivered simultaneously with one another, at inception of the arrangement, when the licenses were made available for Beam’s use and benefit. Accordingly, the satisfaction of each performance obligation occurs at inception of the arrangement and the transaction price at the inception of the arrangement is recognized in its entirety at such time. The Company will re-evaluate the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur. There were no changes to the transaction price during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2018.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized revenue under the Beam License Agreement of approximately $0.1 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The revenue is classified as collaboration and other research and development revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and the Beam preferred stock is classified in restricted cash and other non-current assets.

Other Agreements

Licensing Agreements

The Company is a party to a number of license agreements under which the Company licenses patents, patent applications and other intellectual property from third parties. The following is a summary of such in-license agreements that are significant to the Company’s business.

Massachusetts General Hospital Agreements

In August 2014, the Company entered into an agreement to license certain patent rights owned or co‑owned by MGH. Consideration for the granting of the license included the payment of an upfront license fee of $0.1 million, the issuance of 66,848 shares of the Company’s common stock, which was based on 0.5% of the Company’s outstanding stock on a fully diluted basis, and the right to receive future issuances of shares of common stock to maintain MGH’s ownership following the third tranche of the Company’s Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock financing (i.e. anti‑dilution protection liability), which was settled in June 2015. MGH is entitled to receive nominal annual license fees and future clinical, regulatory and commercial milestone payments in an aggregate maximum amount of $3.7 million and an aggregate amount of $1.8 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones. The Company is also obligated to pay MGH low single digit percentage royalties on net sales of products for the prevention or treatment of human disease and ranging from low single digit to low double digit percentage royalties on net sales of other products and services made by the Company, its affiliates or its sublicenses. The royalty percentage depends on the product and service, and whether such licensed product or licensed service is covered by a valid claim within the certain patent rights that the Company licenses from MGH.

In August 2016, the Company entered into a license agreement with MGH (the “2016 MGH Agreement”) to license certain patent rights owned or co-owned by MGH (the “Additional MGH Patent Rights”). Consideration for granting the license included the payment of an upfront nonrefundable license fee of $0.8 million, which the Company recorded as research and development expense in 2016. Under the 2016 MGH Agreement, MGH is entitled to nominal annual license fees, clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling less than $1.0 million in the aggregate per licensed product up to four licensed products or processes to achieve the specified clinical and regulatory milestones, and commercial sales milestone payments totaling up to $4.9 million in the aggregate, consisting of milestone payments due upon the first commercial sales for up to four licensed products or processes and milestone payments due upon annual net sales of products or processes meeting specified thresholds. The Company is also obligated to pay MGH royalties of less than 1% on net sales of products and processes for the prevention or treatment of human disease, and royalties of a low single-digit percentage on net sales of products and processes for the prevention or treatment of a non-human animal disease, made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. The royalty percentages that the Company is obligated to pay are subject to reduction if at the time of sale the applicable product or process is not covered by a valid claim within the Additional MGH Patent Rights. Under the 2016 MGH Agreement, the Company is obligated to reimburse MGH for all patent costs and future reasonable costs associated with the prosecution, filing, and maintenance of the licensed patents.

MGH is also entitled under the 2016 MGH Agreement to receive payments of up to $6.0 million in the event the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds meeting or exceeding $1.0 billion, on or prior to the expiration or termination of the 2016 MGH Agreement (or if earlier, a Company sale) (“MGH Market Cap Success Payments”) or a Company sale for consideration in excess of those thresholds (“MGH Company Sale Success Payments”). Additional MGH Market Cap Success Payments become payable, and the amount of potential MGH Company Sale Success Payments would increase further, if the Company’s market capitalization reaches additional higher thresholds and the Company has at least one product candidate that is covered by a claim of an Additional MGH Patent Right and that (i) is the subject of a Phase 1 clinical trial of which the Company or an affiliate or sublicensee of the Company is the sponsor, (ii) was the subject of a Phase 1 clinical trial of which the Company or an affiliate or sublicensee of the Company was the sponsor with the Company having determined to conduct a subsequent clinical trial with respect to such product candidate, or (iii) has been approved for sale in either the United States or European Union. MGH Market Cap Success Payments are payable in cash or shares of Company common stock at the Company’s discretion, and MGH Company Sale Success Payments are payable solely in cash. The Company triggered the first MGH Market Cap Success Payment under the 2016 MGH Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2017 when the Company’s market capitalization reached $1.0 billion, as discussed more fully in Note 7.

Cas9-I License Agreement

In October 2014, the Company entered into an agreement (the “Cas9-I License Agreement”) with Broad and Harvard to license certain patent rights owned or co‑owned by, or among, Broad, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”), and Harvard (collectively, the “Institutions”). Consideration for the granting of the license included the payment of an upfront license issuance fee of $0.2 million and the issuance of 561,531 shares of the Company’s common stock. The Institutions are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $14.8 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union, and Japan for the treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. If the Company undergoes a change of control during the term of the license agreement, the clinical and regulatory milestone payments will be increased by a certain percentage in the mid‑double digits. The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to the Institutions, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $54.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. The Institutions are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $4.1 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the U.S. and at least one jurisdiction outside the U.S. for the treatment of a human disease based on certain criteria. The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to the Institutions, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $36.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the treatment of a rare disease meeting certain criteria. The Institutions are entitled to receive from the Company nominal annual license fees and a mid‑single digit percentage royalties on net sales of products for the prevention or treatment of human disease and ranging from low single digit to high single digit percentage royalties on net sales of other products and services, made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. The royalty percentage depends on the product and service, and whether such licensed product or licensed service is covered by a valid claim within the certain patent rights that the Company licenses from the Institutions.

In December 2016, the Company entered into the Cpf1 License Agreement with Broad, for specified patent rights (the “Cpf1 Patent Rights”) related primarily to Cpf1 compositions of matter and their use for gene editing. Concurrently with entering into the Cpf1 License Agreement, the Company, Broad, and Harvard amended and restated the Cas9-I License Agreement as described below and the Company and Broad entered into the Cas9‑II License Agreement for specified patent rights (the “Cas9-II Patent Rights”) related primarily to certain Cas9 compositions of matter and their use for genome editing. The Company paid an upfront fee in aggregate of $16.5 million, which included the Initial Notes, under these agreements which was recorded in research and development expenses during 2016.

Cpf1 License Agreement

Pursuant to the Cpf1 License Agreement, Broad, on behalf of itself, Harvard, MIT, Wageningen, and the University of Tokyo (“UTokyo” and, together with Broad, Harvard, MIT, and Wageningen, the “Cpf1 Institutions”) granted the Company an exclusive, worldwide, royalty‑bearing, sublicensable license to the Cpf1 Patent Rights, to make, have made, use, have used, sell, offer for sale, have sold, export and import products in the field of the prevention or treatment of human disease using gene therapy, editing of genetic material, or targeting of genetic material, subject to certain limitations and retained rights (collectively, the “Cpf1 Exclusive Field”), as well as a non‑exclusive, worldwide, royalty‑bearing sublicensable license to the Cpf1 Patent Rights for all other purposes, subject to certain limitations and retained rights. The Company is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to research, develop, and commercialize products in the Cpf1 Exclusive Field. The Company is also required to achieve certain development milestones within specified time periods for products covered by the Cpf1 Patent Rights, with Broad having the right to terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement if the Company fails to achieve these milestones within the required time periods.

Broad and Wageningen are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $20.0 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union, and Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to Broad and Wageningen, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $54.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States. Broad and Wageningen are collectively entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $6.0 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union and Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts fewer than a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States or a specified number of patients per year in the United States (an “Ultra‑Orphan Disease”). The Company is also obligated to make additional payments to Broad and Wageningen, collectively, of up to an aggregate of $36.0 million upon the occurrence of certain sales milestones per licensed product for the prevention or treatment of an Ultra‑Orphan Disease.

Broad and Wageningen, collectively, are entitled to receive, on a product‑by‑product and country‑by‑country basis, mid single‑digit percentage royalty on net sales of licensed products for the prevention or treatment of human disease, and royalties on net sales of other licensed products and licensed services, made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. The royalty percentage depends on the product and service, and whether such licensed product or licensed service is covered by a valid claim within the Cpf1 Patent Rights. If the Company is legally required to pay royalties to a third party on net sales of the Company’s products because such third party holds patent rights that cover such licensed product, then the Company can credit up to a specified percentage of the amount paid to such third party against the royalties due to Broad and Wageningen in the same period. Such credit may not exceed 50% of the applicable royalties paid by the Company to the applicable third party. The Company’s obligation to pay royalties will expire on a product‑by‑product and country‑by‑country basis upon the later of the expiration of the last to expire valid claim of the Cpf1 Patent Rights that covers each licensed product or service in each country or the tenth anniversary of the date of the first commercial sale of the licensed product or licensed service. If the Company sublicenses any of the Cpf1 Patent Rights to a third party, Broad and Wageningen, collectively, have the right to receive sublicense income, depending on the stage of development of the products or services in question at the time of the sublicense.

Under the Cpf1 License Agreement, Broad and Wageningen are also entitled, collectively, to receive success payments in the event the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds (the “Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments”) or a Company sale for consideration in excess of those thresholds (the “Cpf1 Company Sale Success Payments” and, collectively with the Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments, the “Cpf1 Success Payments”). The Cpf1 Success Payments payable to Broad and Wageningen are triggered when the Company’s market capitalization reaches certain amounts ranging from $750.0 million to $10.0 billion for a specified period of time, and collectively the Cpf1 Success Payments will not exceed, in aggregate, $125.0 million, which maximum amount would be payable only if the Company reaches a market capitalization threshold of $10.0 billion and has at least one product candidate covered by a claim of a patent right licensed to the Company under either the Cpf1 License Agreement or the Cas9‑I License Agreement that is or was the subject of a clinical trial pursuant to development efforts by the Company or any Company affiliate or sublicensee. The Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments are payable by the Company in cash or in the form of promissory notes on substantially the same terms and conditions as the Initial Notes, as described more fully in Note 7, except that the maturity date of such notes will, subject to certain exceptions, be 150 days following issuance. Following a change in control of the Company, Cpf1 Market Cap Success Payments are required to be made in cash. Cpf1 Company Sale Success Payments are payable solely in cash. The Company triggered the first and second Cpf1 Success Payments during 2017 when the Company’s market capitalization reached $750 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, as described more fully in Note 7.

Unless terminated earlier, the term of the Cpf1 License Agreement will expire on a country‑by‑country basis, upon the expiration of the last to expire valid claim of the Cpf1 Patent Rights in such country. The Company has the right to terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement at will upon four months’ written notice to Broad. Either party may terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement upon a specified period of notice in the event of the other party’s uncured material breach of a material obligation, such notice period varying depending on the nature of the breach. Broad may terminate the Cpf1 License Agreement immediately if the Company challenges the enforceability, validity, or scope of any Cpf1 Patent Right or assist a third party to do so, or in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy or insolvency.

Amendment and Restatement of Cas9-I License Agreement

In December 2016, the Company amended and restated the Cas9‑I License Agreement (such agreement, as amended, the “Amended and Restated Cas9-I License Agreement”) to exclude additional fields from the scope of the exclusive license previously granted to the Company, to make the exclusive license to three targets become non‑exclusive, subject to the limitation that each of Broad and Harvard would only be permitted to grant a license to only one third party at a time with respect to each such target within the field of the exclusive license, and to revise certain provisions relating to the rights of Harvard and Broad to grant further licenses under specified circumstances to third parties that wish to develop and commercialize products that target a particular gene and that otherwise would fall within the scope of the exclusive license under this agreement, so that Harvard and Broad together would have rights substantially similar to the equivalent rights possessed by Broad under the Cpf1 License Agreement to designate gene targets for which the designating institution, whether alone or together with an affiliate or third party, has an interest in researching and developing products that would otherwise be covered by rights licensed by Harvard and/or Broad to the Company under this agreement, the Cpf1 License Agreement or the Cas9‑II License Agreement. In March 2017, the Company and Harvard and Broad further amended the Amended and Restated Cas9-I License Agreement to (i) grant an exclusive license from Broad to the Company with respect to certain patent rights that The Rockefeller University (“Rockefeller”) has or may have rights in and to and for which Rockefeller has, under a certain inter-institutional agreement that Broad and Rockefeller entered into in February 2017, appointed Broad as sole and exclusive agent for the purposes of licensing and (ii) provide to Rockefeller certain rights, including with respect to patent enforcement, indemnification, insurance, confidentiality, reservation of certain rights, and publicity, that are generally consistent with those granted to Broad, Harvard, MIT and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute under the Amended and Restated Cas9-I License Agreement.

Cas9‑II License Agreement

Pursuant to the Cas9‑II License Agreement, Broad, on behalf of itself, MIT, Harvard, and the University of Iowa Research Foundation, granted the Company an exclusive, worldwide, royalty bearing sublicensable license to certain of the Cas9‑II Patent Rights as well as a non‑exclusive, worldwide, royalty‑bearing sublicensable license to all of the Cas9‑II Patent Rights, in each case on terms substantially similar to the licenses granted to the Company under the Cpf1 License Agreement except, among other things, for the following commitment amounts. Under the Cas9‑II License Agreement, the Company will pay an upfront license fee in a low seven digit dollar amount and will have to pay an annual license maintenance fee. The Company is obligated to pay clinical and regulatory milestone payments per licensed product approved in the United States, European Union and Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts at least a specified number of patients in the aggregate in the United States totaling up to $3.7 million in the aggregate, and sales milestone payments for any such licensed product totaling up to $13.5 million in the aggregate. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $1.1 million in the aggregate per licensed product approved in the United States and the European Union or Japan for the prevention or treatment of a human disease that afflicts fewer than a specified number of patients in the United States, plus sales milestone payments of up to $9.0 million for any such licensed product. Consistent with the Cpf1 License Agreement, the licensors are entitled to royalties on net sales of products for the prevention or treatment of human disease and other products and services made by the Company, its affiliates, or its sublicensees. Royalties due under other license agreements are creditable against these royalties up to a specified amount in the same period. Lastly, Broad is entitled to receive success payments if the Company’s market capitalization reaches specified thresholds ascending from $1.0 billion to $9.0 billion or upon a sale of the Company for consideration in excess of those thresholds. The potential success payments range from a low seven digit dollar amount to a low eight digit dollar amount and will not exceed, in aggregate, $30.0 million, which maximum amount would be owed only if the Company reaches a market capitalization threshold of $9.0 billion and has at least one product candidate covered by a claim of a patent right licensed to the Company under either the Cas9-I License Agreement or the Cas9-II License Agreement that is or was the subject of a clinical trial pursuant to development efforts by the Company or any Company affiliate or sublicensee. The Company triggered the first Success Payment under the Cas9-II Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2017 when the Company’s market capitalization reached $1.0 billion, which the Company settled in January 2018, as more fully described in Note 7.