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Acquisition | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Acquisition [Abstract] |
Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block] | ACQUISITION On January 12, 2012 (the “Acquisition Date”), pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of November 22, 2011 (the “Merger Agreement”) among Acacia Research Group LLC (“ARG”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Acacia, Apollo Patent Corp., a newly-formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of ARG (“Merger Sub”), ADAPTIX, a Delaware corporation, and Baker Communications Fund II (QP), L.P. solely in its capacity as shareholder representative, ARG completed its acquisition of ADAPTIX, which held no material assets other than its portfolio of patents and $10 million in cash, through a merger of Merger Sub with and into ADAPTIX, with ADAPTIX as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). Upon completion of the Merger, the separate corporate existence of Merger Sub ceased and ADAPTIX became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ARG. ADAPTIX, a pioneer in the development of 4G technologies for wireless systems, is an award-winning technology company long recognized in the industry as one of the first developers of cutting edge 4G wireless systems. With patents filed as early as 2000, ADAPTIX’s research and development efforts have resulted in one of the most significant intellectual property portfolios focused on 4G technologies. With its rapidly growing portfolio of 230 issued and pending patents in 13 countries, ADAPTIX’s innovations extend across a broad range of 4G technologies including OFDMA and MIMO. The Merger is being accounted for in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting under FASB ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations” (“Topic 805”). Topic 805 requires, among other things, that identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the Acquisition Date. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase consideration is allocated to the assets acquired, including tangible assets, patents and other identifiable intangible assets and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair market values on the date of acquisition. Any excess purchase price after the initial allocation to identifiable net tangible and identifiable intangible assets is assigned to goodwill. Amounts attributable to patents are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated economic useful life of the underlying patents. The total consideration paid by ARG in connection with the Merger was approximately $160 million, in cash. Based on the total purchase consideration and the estimate of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by ARG as of the Acquisition Date, the purchase price allocation was as follows ($ amounts in thousands):
|  |  |  | Amortization Period |  | Annual Amortization
Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed: |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of net tangible assets acquired |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets acquired - patents |  | 150,000 |  |  | 10 years |  | $ | 15,000 |
Goodwill |  | 30,149 |  |  |  |  |
Net deferred income tax liability |  | (30,149 | ) |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 160,000 |  |  |  |  |
Amounts attributable to the patents acquired are being amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated weighted average economic useful life of the underlying patents, which is estimated to be approximately 10 years. Goodwill is calculated as the residual after recording the identifiable net assets acquired and associated net deferred tax assets and liabilities. Management is responsible for determining the fair value of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the Acquisition Date. Management considered a number of factors, including reference to an analysis under Topic 805 solely for the purpose of allocating the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The analysis included a discounted cash flow which estimated future net cash flows resulting from the licensing and enforcement of the patent portfolio based on information as of the date of acquisition, considering assumptions and estimates related to potential infringers of the patents, applicable industries, usage of the underlying patented technologies, estimated license fee revenues, contingent legal fee arrangements, other estimated costs, tax implications and other factors. A discount rate consistent with the risks associated with achieving the estimated net cash flows was used to estimate the present value of estimated net cash flows. The Merger is being treated for tax purposes as a nontaxable transaction and as such, the historical tax bases of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, net operating losses, and other tax attributes of ADAPTIX will carryover. As a result, no new tax goodwill will be created in connection with the Merger as there is no step-up to fair value of the underlying tax bases of the acquired net assets. Acquisition accounting includes the establishment of a net deferred tax asset or liability resulting from book tax basis differences related to assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the date of acquisition. Acquisition date deferred tax assets primarily relate to certain net operating loss carryforwards of ADAPTIX. Acquisition date deferred tax liabilities relate to specifically identified non-goodwill intangibles acquired. The estimated net deferred tax liability was determined as follows ($ amounts in thousands):
|  | Book Basis |  | Tax Basis |  | Difference
Intangible assets acquired - patents |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (150,000 | )
Estimated acquired deferred tax assets (including net operating loss carryforwards) - ADAPTIX |  | — |  |  | 63,860 |  |  | 63,860 |
Net deferred tax liability - pretax |  |  |  |  |  | (86,140 | )
Estimated tax rate |  |  |  |  |  | 35 | %
Estimated net deferred tax liability |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (30,149 | )
The following unaudited pro forma combined results of operations for periods presented are provided for illustrative purposes only and assume the acquisition occurred as of January 1, 2011. The unaudited pro forma combined financial results do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations for future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had the entities been a single entity during these periods. The unaudited pro forma combined results are presented in thousands, except share and per share information.
| 2012 |  | 2011
Revenues | $ | 250,727 |  |  | $ | 172,256 |
Total operating costs and expenses | 170,953 |  |  | 159,674 |
Operating income | 79,774 |  |  | 12,582 |
Interest and investment income | 937 |  |  | 96 |
Income from operations before provision for income taxes | 80,711 |  |  | 12,678 |
Provision for income taxes | (22,060 | ) |  | (8,708 | )
Net income including noncontrolling interests in operating subsidiaries | 58,651 |  |  | 3,970 |
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in operating subsidiaries | 164 |  |  | (539 | )
Net income attributable to Acacia Research Corporation | $ | 58,815 |  |  | $ | 3,431 |
| 2012 |  | 2011
Pro forma income per common share attributable to Acacia Research Corporation: |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 1.24 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.22 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, basic | 47,251,061 |  |  | 39,743,433 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding, diluted | 48,060,647 |  |  | 41,258,297 |
Pro forma adjustments primarily relate to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired over an estimated economic useful life of ten years, historical operating expenses of ADAPTIX for 2012 and 2011, and the expensing of acquisition costs incurred by ARG in connection with the Merger. The unaudited pro forma combined statements of income for the periods presented herein have been adjusted to give effect to pro forma events that are expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results. As such, the income tax benefit related to the release of valuation allowance reflected in the statement of income for 2012, as described at Note 10, is not reflected in the accompanying unaudited pro forma combined statements of income for the periods presented.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable). + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7659399&loc=d3e1392-128463 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6910749&loc=d3e4845-128472 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6910749&loc=d3e4926-128472 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7659399&loc=d3e1490-128463 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7488404&loc=d3e6927-128479 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7488404&loc=d3e7008-128479 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7488404&loc=d3e7000-128479 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 7 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7659399&loc=d3e1524-128463 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7659399&loc=d3e1383-128463 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7659399&loc=d3e1486-128463 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7659399&loc=d3e1500-128463 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 141R -Paragraph 67-73 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6910749&loc=d3e4934-128472 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 141R -Paragraph F4 -Subparagraph e -Appendix F Reference 15: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7659399&loc=d3e1497-128463 Reference 16: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6910749&loc=d3e4922-128472 Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) -Number 88-16 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS) -Number 141 -Paragraph 51, 52 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 19: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=7488404&loc=d3e6996-128479 + Details
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