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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense The amounts included in the consolidated statements of operations relating to stock-based compensation associated with the two equity incentive plans, cash awards, and CSBUs are as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Research and development expenses

 

$

1,466,469

 

 

$

1,711,231

 

 

$

2,965,376

 

 

$

3,609,590

 

General and administrative expenses

 

 

1,114,284

 

 

 

1,514,563

 

 

 

2,035,956

 

 

$

3,100,572

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

 

$

2,580,753

 

 

$

3,225,794

 

 

$

5,001,332

 

 

$

6,710,162

 

Summary of Activity Relating to Stock Options

The table below summarizes activity relating to stock options under the incentive plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise Price

 

 

Weighted
Average
Contractual
Term
(Years)

 

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value(a)

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2024

 

 

7,621,580

 

 

$

5.64

 

 

 

6.34

 

 

$

4,885,683

 

Granted

 

 

1,608,606

 

 

 

5.06

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

 

(274,158

)

 

 

4.03

 

 

 

 

 

 

443,734

 

Expired

 

 

(248,822

)

 

 

8.99

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

 

(115,785

)

 

 

4.87

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2025

 

 

8,591,421

 

 

 

5.50

 

 

 

6.46

 

 

$

6,812,150

 

Exercisable at September 30, 2025

 

 

5,862,359

 

 

$

5.94

 

 

 

5.34

 

 

$

3,795,561

 

 

(a)
The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table was calculated on the positive difference, if any, between the closing price per share of the Company’s common stock on September 30, 2025 of $5.22 and the per share exercise price of the underlying options.
Summary of Activity Relating to Restricted Stock Units

The table below summarizes activity relating to restricted stock units (RSUs) for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

 

 

 

Number
of Shares

 

 

Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value

 

Outstanding at December 31, 2024

 

 

540,965

 

 

$

5.49

 

Vested / Settled

 

 

(233,236

)

 

 

5.52

 

Forfeited

 

 

(26,456

)

 

 

4.72

 

Outstanding at September 30, 2025

 

 

281,273

 

 

$

5.53

 

Summary of Employee Stock Purchase Plan Activity A summary of the weighted-average grant-date fair value and total stock-based compensation expense recognized related to the 2016 ESPP are as follows:

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share

$

 

 

$

1.32

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

 

 

$

14,199