<SUBMISSION>
<ACCESSION-NUMBER>0001023731-04-000008
<TYPE>S-3
<PUBLIC-DOCUMENT-COUNT>7
<FILING-DATE>20040401
<FILER>
<COMPANY-DATA>
<CONFORMED-NAME>8X8 INC /DE/
<CIK>0001023731
<ASSIGNED-SIC>3674
<IRS-NUMBER>770142404
<STATE-OF-INCORPORATION>DE
<FISCAL-YEAR-END>0331
</COMPANY-DATA>
<FILING-VALUES>
<FORM-TYPE>S-3
<ACT>33
<FILE-NUMBER>333-114133
<FILM-NUMBER>04709760
</FILING-VALUES>
<BUSINESS-ADDRESS>
<STREET1>2445 MISSION COLLEGE BLVD
<CITY>SANTA CLARA
<STATE>CA
<ZIP>95054
<PHONE>4087271885
</BUSINESS-ADDRESS>
<MAIL-ADDRESS>
<STREET1>2445 MISSION COLLEGE BLVD
<CITY>SANTA CLARA
<STATE>CA
<ZIP>95054
</MAIL-ADDRESS>
<FORMER-COMPANY>
<FORMER-CONFORMED-NAME>NETERGY NETWORKS INC
<DATE-CHANGED>20000912
</FORMER-COMPANY>
<FORMER-COMPANY>
<FORMER-CONFORMED-NAME>8X8 INC
<DATE-CHANGED>19961023
</FORMER-COMPANY>
</FILER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>s3body.htm
<DESCRIPTION>FORM S-3
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>04012004 S3 DOC</TITLE>
</HEAD>

<BODY LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080" BGCOLOR="#ffffff">
<font FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">


<font size="2" color="FF0000"><B><p align="right">
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2004<br>
                                               Registration No. 333-________
</B></p></font>

<DIV align=left>
<HR align=left SIZE=2 width="100%">
</DIV>
<DIV align=left>
<HR align=left SIZE=2 width="100%">
</DIV>

<font size="2"><B><p align="center">
                        SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<br>
                      Washington, D.C. 20549</P></font></B>

<HR align=center SIZE=2 width="25%">
<br>
<font size="5"><B><p align="center">FORM S-3</B></center></font>


<font size="2"><B><p align="center">
                             REGISTRATION STATEMENT<br><I>
                                    Under<br>
                       The Securities Act of 1933</I>
</B>

<HR align=center SIZE=2 width="25%">

<font size="5" color="#0000FF"><B><U><p align="center">
                                    8X8, INC.
</U></B></font><br>
<font size="2">
                    (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



<P>&nbsp;
<TABLE COLS=2 WIDTH="100%" >
<TR>
<TD>
<font size="2"><B>
<CENTER><u>Delaware</u></CENTER>
</font></B>
</TD>
<TD>
<font size="2"><B>
<CENTER><u> 77-0142404 </u></CENTER>
</font></B>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<font size="2">
<CENTER>&nbsp; (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)&nbsp;</CENTER>
</font>
</TD>
<TD>
<font size="2">
<CENTER>(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)</CENTER>
</font>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR>

<font size="2"><B><p align="center">
                           2445 Mission College Blvd.
<BR><U>
                              Santa Clara, CA &nbsp;&nbsp;  95054
</U></B></font></u><br>

<font size="2">
       (Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of the <BR>
                     Registrant's principal executive offices) </P>

<font size="2">
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">BRYAN R. MARTIN<BR>
                  CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER<BR>
                  8X8, INC.<BR>
                  2445 MISSION COLLEGE BLVD.<BR>
                  SANTA CLARA, CA 95054 <BR>
</B>                  (408) 727-1885<BR>
<font size="2">
                  (Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code,<BR>
                  of agent for service) </P>

<font size="2">
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">Copies to:<BR>
                  JOHN T. SHERIDAN, ESQ.<BR>
                  MICHAEL A. OCCHIOLINI, ESQ.<BR>
                  WILSON, SONSINI, GOODRICH &amp; ROSATI <BR>
                  PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION<BR>
                  650 PAGE MILL ROAD <BR>
                  PALO ALTO, CA 94304 <BR>
                    (650) 493-9300 </P>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE
PUBLIC:<BR>
                  FROM TIME TO TIME AFTER THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES
EFFECTIVE.</P>
</B></FONT><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If the only securities being
registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, please check the following box. [&nbsp; ]</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to
be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the
Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. [X]</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for
an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the
following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the
earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [&nbsp; ] ______________</P>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list
the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [&nbsp; ] ______________</P>
<P>If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [&nbsp; ]</P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION
FEE</P></B>
<TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=6 WIDTH=701>
<TR><TD WIDTH="51%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" HEIGHT=54>
<B><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Title of Each Class of Securities to be
Registered</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" HEIGHT=54>
<B><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">Amount To Be Registered</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" HEIGHT=54>
<B><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">Proposed<BR>
Maximum Offering Price per Unit</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" HEIGHT=54>
<B><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">Proposed<BR>
Maximum Offering Price (1)(2)</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" HEIGHT=54>
<B><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">Amount of<BR>
Registration Fee</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="51%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Common Stock, $0.001 par value
(3)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="51%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value
(3)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="51%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Depositary Shares (3)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="51%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Debt Securities&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="51%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Warrants (4)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">-</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="51%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Total (5)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">$50,000,000(5)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">100%(6)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">$50,000,000</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">$6,335</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(1)&#9;Or (i) if any debt securities are issued
at an original issue discount, such greater principal amount at maturity as
shall result in an aggregate initial offering price equal to the amount to be
registered or (ii) if any securities are issued in an amount denominated in a
foreign currency or composite currency, such amount as shall result in an
aggregate initial offering price equivalent thereto in United States dollars at
the time of initial offering.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(2)&#9;These figures are estimates made solely for the
purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o). Exclusive
of accrued interest, if any, on the debt securities.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(3)&#9;In addition to any securities that may be registered
hereunder, we are also registering an indeterminate number of shares of common
stock, preferred stock, or depositary shares as may be issued upon conversion or
exchange of the securities issued directly hereunder. No separate consideration
will be received for any shares of common stock, preferred stock or depositary
shares so issued upon conversion or exchange.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(4)&#9;Includes warrants to purchase common stock, warrants
to purchase preferred stock and warrants to purchase debt securities.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(5)&#9;The securities registered hereunder may be sold
separately, or as units with other securities registered hereby. The proposed
maximum offering price per unit will be determined by us in connection with the
issuance of the Securities.<A NAME="bookmark"></A> In no event will the
aggregate offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant to
this Registration Statement exceed $50,000,000 or the equivalent thereof in one
or more foreign currencies, foreign currency units or composite currencies. The
aggregate amount of common stock registered hereunder is further limited to that
which is permissible under Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act, to the
extent applicable.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(6)&#9;We will determine the proposed maximum offering price
per unit in connection with the issuance of the Securities.</P></DIR>

</FONT><B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Registrant hereby amends this
Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its
effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become
effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until
this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the
Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may
determine. </P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER">SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 1, 2004</P>
</FONT><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS</P>
</B><FONT SIZE=5><P ALIGN="CENTER">$50,000,000</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><IMG SRC="logo.gif"></P>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">8X8, INC.</P>
</FONT><P ALIGN="CENTER">Common Stock<BR>
                  Preferred Stock<BR>
                  Depositary Shares<BR>
                  Debt Securities<BR>
                  Warrants</P>
</B><FONT SIZE=4><P>&nbsp;</P>
</FONT><B><P ALIGN="CENTER">See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 4 for
information you should<BR>
                   consider before buying our securities.</P>
</B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may from time to time offer and sell securities that have
an aggregate initial offering price of up to $50,000,000 in one or more
offerings. We may offer these securities separately or together in any
combination and as separate series. This prospectus provides you with a general
description of the securities we may offer.</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">_______________</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Each time we sell securities, we will provide a supplement to
this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the
terms of the securities. The supplement may also add, update or change
information contained in this prospectus. You should carefully read this
prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement before you invest in any
of our securities. This prospectus may not be used to offer and sell securities
unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement.</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">_______________</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market
under the symbol "EGHT." The last reported sale price on March 29, 2004 was
$3.18 per share. </P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">_______________</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may offer the securities in amounts, at prices and on
terms determined at the time of offering. We may sell the securities directly to
you, through agents we select, or through underwriters and dealers we select. If
we use agents, underwriters or dealers to sell the securities, we will name them
and describe their compensation in a prospectus supplement.</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">_______________</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state
securities commission has approved or disapproved these securities or passed
upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the
contrary is a criminal offense. </P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">This prospectus is dated &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; , 2004</P>

<font size="2" color="FF0000">
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be amended or changed.  The selling stockholders may
not sell these securities pursuant to this prospectus until the registration statement with the Securities and Exchange
Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer
to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted. </P>
</font>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=2 BORDERCOLOR="#c0c0c0" CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=78%>
<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><B><FONT SIZE=2>Table of Contents</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">PAGE</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Summary</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#summary">1</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Risk Factors&#9;</FONT></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#risk">4</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#forward">15</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#ratio">16</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Use of Proceeds</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#use">16</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Description of Capital Stock</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#stock">17</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Description of the Depositary Shares&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#shares">19</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Description of the Debt Securities&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#debt">22</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Description of the Warrants&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#warrant">33</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Plan of Distribution&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#plan">35</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2>Legal Matters&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#legal">36</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Experts&#9;&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#experts">36</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="87%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Where You Can Find More Information&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="#more">36</A></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER">
  <HR WIDTH="20%" SIZE=0></P>
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No person has been authorized to give any
information or make any representations in connection with this offering other
than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any
accompanying prospectus supplement in connection with the offering described in
this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, and, if given or
made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been
authorized by us. Neither this prospectus nor any accompanying prospectus
supplement shall constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to
buy offered securities in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such
person to make such an offering or solicitation. Neither the delivery of this
prospectus or any accompanying prospectus supplement nor any sale made hereunder
shall under any circumstances imply that the information contained or
incorporated by reference in this prospectus or in any accompanying prospectus
supplement is correct as of any date subsequent to the date of this prospectus
or any accompanying prospectus supplement.</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">
  <HR WIDTH="20%" SIZE=0></P>

<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="summary">SUMMARY</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">This prospectus is part of a "shelf" registration
statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC.
Under this shelf registration statement, we may sell up to a total dollar amount
of $50,000,000 of any combination of the securities described in this prospectus
from time to time and in one or more offerings. This prospectus only provides
you with a general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time we
sell securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains
specific information about the terms of the securities being sold. The
supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this
prospectus. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read both
this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement, together with the
additional information described under the heading, "Where You Can Find More
Information." </P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER"></A>8X8, INC.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">8x8, Inc., and its subsidiaries develop and market
communication technology and services for internet protocol or, IP, telephony
and video applications. The Company was incorporated in California in February
1987, and in December 1996 was reincorporated in Delaware. In August 2000, the
Company changed its name from 8x8, Inc. to Netergy Networks, Inc. The Company
changed its name back to 8x8, Inc. in July 2001. The Company's three product
lines are:</P>

<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>The Packet8 voice and video communications service
(Packet8), which enables broadband internet users to add digital voice and video
communications services to their high-speed internet connection. Packet8 enables
anyone with high-speed Internet access to sign up for voice over internet
protocol (VoIP) and video communications service at </FONT><U><FONT SIZE=2
COLOR="#0000ff">http://www.packet8.net</U></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>. Customers can
choose a direct-dial phone number from any of the rate centers offered by the
service, and then use an 8x8-supplied terminal adapter to connect any telephone
to a broadband internet connection and make or receive calls from a regular
telephone number. All Packet8 telephone accounts come with voice mail, caller
ID, call waiting, call waiting caller ID, call forwarding, hold, line-alternate,
3-way conferencing, web access to account controls, and real-time online
billing. In addition, 8x8 offers a videophone for use with the </FONT><FONT
FACE="Times" SIZE=2>Packet8 service</FONT><FONT SIZE=2>;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>VoIP semiconductors and related communication software
that are used to make IP telephones and to voice-enable cable and digital
subscriber line modems, wireless devices, and other broadband technologies,
including the voice and videophone endpoints that are currently used by Packet8
and sold by the Company; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>Hosted iPBX solutions that allow service providers to
offer to small and medium-sized businesses over broadband networks the features
and functions that a user commonly expects to find in a typical business phone
system. A hosted iPBX solution is a software application that implements the
functionality of a business phone system over the same data connection that a
business uses for connection to the internet. </LI></P></UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our principal offices are located at 2445 Mission College
Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95054 and our telephone number is (408) 727-1885.
Our web site is </FONT><U><FONT SIZE=2
COLOR="#0000ff">www.8x8.com</U></FONT><FONT SIZE=2>.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">The Securities We May Offer</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">With this prospectus, we may offer common stock,
preferred stock, depositary shares, debt securities and warrants, or any
combination of the foregoing. The aggregate offering price of securities that we
offer with this prospectus will not exceed $50,000,000. Each time we offer
securities with this prospectus, we will provide offerees with a prospectus
supplement that will contain the specific terms of the securities being offered.
The following is a summary of the securities we may offer with this prospectus.
</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may sell the securities to or through underwriters,
dealers or agents or directly to purchasers. We, as well as any agents acting on
our behalf, reserve the sole right to accept and to reject in whole or in part
any proposed purchase of securities. Each prospectus supplement will set forth
the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of
securities described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee,
commission or discount arrangements with them.</P>
<B><P>Common Stock</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may offer shares of our common stock, par value $0.001
per share. Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends
declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for the
payment of dividends, subject to rights, if any, of preferred stock holders.
Currently, we do not pay a dividend. The holders of common stock do not have any
preemptive rights.</P>
<B><P>Preferred Stock and Depositary Shares</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may offer shares of our preferred stock, par value
$0.001 per share, in one or more series. Our board of directors will determine
the dividend, voting, conversion and other rights of the series of shares of
preferred stock being offered. We may also issue fractional shares of preferred
stock that will be represented by the depositary shares and depositary receipts.
Each particular series of depositary shares will be more fully described in the
prospectus supplement that will accompany this prospectus.</P>
<B><P>Debt Securities</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may offer secured or unsecured obligations in the form
of one or more senior or subordinated debt securities. The senior debt
securities and the subordinated debt securities are together referred to in this
prospectus as the "debt securities." The senior debt securities would have the
same rank as all of our other unsubordinated debt. The subordinated debt
securities generally will be entitled to payment only after payment of our
senior debt. Senior debt generally includes all debt for money borrowed by us,
except debt that is stated in the instrument governing the terms of that debt to
be not senior to, or to have the same rank in right of payment as, or to be
expressly junior to, the subordinated debt securities. We may issue debt
securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The senior and subordinated debt securities would be issued
under separate indentures between us and a trustee. We have summarized the
general features of the debt securities to be governed by the indentures. These
indentures have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement (No. 333-)
that we have filed with the SEC (this prospectus being part of that registration
statement). We encourage you to read these indentures. Instructions on how you
can get copies of these documents are provided under the heading "Where You Can
Find More Information."</P>
<I><P>General Indenture Provisions that Apply to Senior and Subordinated
Debt</P>


<UL>
</I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>Each indenture allows debt to be issued in series
with terms particular to each series.</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>Neither of the indentures limit the amount of debt that
we may issue or generally provide holders any protection should there be a
highly leveraged transaction involving our company.</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>Each indenture allows us to merge or to consolidate with
another United States entity or convey, transfer or lease our properties and
assets substantially as an entirety to another United States entity, as long as
certain conditions are met. If these events occur, the other company will be
required to assume our responsibilities on the debt securities, and we will be
released from all liabilities and obligations, except in the case of a
lease.</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>Each indenture provides that we and the trustee may
generally amend the indenture with the consent of holders of a majority of the
total principal amount of the debt outstanding in any series to change certain
of our obligations or your rights concerning the debt. However, to change the
payment of principal or interest, to adversely affect the right to convert, or
to change certain matters, every holder in that series must consent.</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>We may discharge the indentures and defease restrictive
covenants by depositing sufficient funds with the trustee to pay the obligations
when due, as long as certain conditions are met. The trustee would pay all
amounts due to you on the debt from the deposited funds.</LI></P>
</UL>

<I><P>Events of Default</P>
</I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Each of the following is an event of default under the
indentures:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>principal, or premium, if any, not paid when
due;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any sinking fund payment not made when due;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>failure to pay interest for 30 days;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>covenants not performed for 90 days after notice;
and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or
reorganization of 8X8.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A prospectus supplement may describe deletions of, or changes
or additions to, the events of default.</P>
<I><P>Remedies</P>
</I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Upon an event of default, other than a bankruptcy,
insolvency or reorganization, the trustee or holders of 25% of the principal
amount outstanding in a series may declare the outstanding principal and
premium, if any, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, immediately payable.
However, the holders of a majority in principal amount may, under certain
circumstances, rescind this action. If a bankruptcy, insolvency or
reorganization event of default were to occur, the principal amount and premium,
if any, on all debt securities of that series, together with the accrued and
unpaid interest, if any, would automatically become due and payable.</P>
<I><P>Indenture Provisions that Apply Only to the Subordinated Debt
Securities</P>
</I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The indenture for the subordinated debt securities
provides that the subordinated debt securities will be subordinated to all
senior debt as defined in the subordinated indenture.</P>
<B><P>Warrants</P>
</B><P>We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock
or debt securities. We may issue warrants independently or together with other
securities.</P>


<P><A NAME="risk"></P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">RISK FACTORS</P></A>
</B><I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Before you invest in our common stock, you should
become aware of various risks, including those described below. You should
carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other
information included in this prospectus, including the documents incorporated in
this prospectus by reference, before you decide whether to purchase the
securities. The risks set out below may not be exhaustive. </P>
</I><B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We have a history of losses and we are uncertain as to
our future profitability.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We recorded an operating loss of approximately $2.3
million for the nine months ended December 31, 2003, and we ended the period
with an accumulated deficit of $150 million. In addition, we recorded operating
losses of $12 million, $10 million and $74.5 million for the fiscal years ended
March&nbsp;31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. We expect that we will
continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future, and such losses
may be substantial. We will need to generate significant revenue growth to
achieve an operating profit. Given our history of fluctuating revenues and
operating losses, we cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve
profitability on either a quarterly or annual basis in the future.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our stock price has been highly volatile.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The market price of the shares of our common stock has
been and is likely to be highly volatile. It may be significantly affected by
factors such as: </P>

<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating
results;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>announcements of technical innovations;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>loss of key personnel;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>new products or new contracts by us, our competitors or
their customers; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>developments with respect to patents or proprietary
rights, general market conditions, changes in financial estimates by securities
analysts, and other factors which could be unrelated to, or outside our
control.</LI></P></UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The stock market has from time to time experienced
significant price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the
market prices for the common stocks of technology companies and that have often
been unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad
market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's
securities, securities class action litigation has often been initiated against
the issuing company. If our stock price is volatile, we may also be subject to
such litigation. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and a
diversion of management's attention and resources, which would disrupt business
and could cause a decline in our operating results. Any settlement or adverse
determination in such litigation would also subject us to significant
liability.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The growth of our business and our future profitability
depends on future Packet8 revenue.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We continue to devote substantially all of our resources
to the promotion, distribution and development of our Packet8 service rather
than to our semiconductor and hosted iPBX solutions business. As such, our
future growth and profitability will be dependent on revenue from our Packet8
service, as opposed to revenue from the semiconductor and hosted iPBX solutions
businesses, which have historically accounted for a substantial portion of the
Company's consolidated revenues.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Semiconductor and related software revenues represented
approximately 88% of the Company's consolidated revenues for both the three and
nine months ended December 31, 2003. In addition, such revenues represented
approximately 88% and 91%, respectively, of the Company's consolidated revenues
for fiscal 2003 and 2002. However, these revenues have not been sufficient to
profitably operate the semiconductor business. Therefore, we have begun to
reduce the scope of these operations. During the quarter ended June 30, 2003, we
completed the end-of of-life of our legacy videoconferencing semiconductor
products. In November 2003, we sold the VIP1 video semiconductor development
effort to Leadtek Research, Inc. (Leadtek). Under the terms of the transaction,
Leadtek acquired the VIP1 development activities, key engineers, software tools
and equipment. Revenues attributable to this development effort were
approximately $1.1 million during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003,
representing approximately 12% of revenues of the semiconductor business and
10.5% of 8x8's consolidated revenues for such period. As a result of the
transfer of this development effort to Leadtek, this development revenue will
cease. In January 2004, we initiated an end-of-life program for our IP telephony
semiconductor products, including the Audacity T2 and T2U products. The
semiconductor business remains a continuing operation and will continue to
generate revenue in the future, although we expect the amounts to decrease, both
on an absolute basis and as percentage of 8x8's consolidated revenues. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Revenues from the hosted iPBX solutions business represented
approximately 8% and 2% of the Company's consolidated revenues for fiscal 2003
and 2002, respectively. In July 2003, we sold our European subsidiary, Centile
Europe S.A., and licensed, on a non-exclusive basis, our iPBX technology to the
purchaser. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We have only been selling our Packet8 service for a
limited period and there is no guarantee that Packet8 will gain broad market
acceptance.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We have only been selling our Packet8 service since
November 2002. Given our limited history with offering this product, there are
many difficulties that we may encounter, including regulatory hurdles, discussed
below, and other problems that we may not anticipate. To date, we have not
generated significant revenue from the sale of our IP telephony products and
services, including our Packet8 service, and there is no guarantee that we will
be successful in generating significant revenues or achieving profitability. If
we are not able to generate significant revenues selling into the IP telephony
market, our business and operating results would be seriously harmed.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The success of our Packet8 service is dependent on the
growth and public acceptance of IP telephony.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The success of our Packet8 voice and video communications
service is dependent upon future demand for IP telephony systems and services.
In order for the IP telephony market to continue to grow, several things need to
occur. Telephone and cable service providers must continue to invest in the
deployment of high speed broadband networks to residential and commercial
customers. IP networks must improve quality of service for real-time
communications, managing effects such as packet jitter, packet loss, and
unreliable bandwidth, so that toll-quality service can be provided. IP telephony
equipment and services must achieve a similar level of reliability that users of
the public switched telephone network have come to expect from their telephone
service. IP telephony service providers must offer cost and feature benefits to
their customers that are sufficient to cause the customers to switch away from
traditional telephony service providers. If any or all of these factors fail to
occur, our business may not grow. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our future operating results may not follow past or
expected trends due to many factors and any of these could cause our stock price
to fall.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our historical operating results have fluctuated
significantly and will likely continue to fluctuate in the future, and a decline
in our operating results could cause our stock price to fall. On an annual and a
quarterly basis, there are a number of factors that may affect our operating
results, many of which are outside our control. These include, but are not
limited to:</P>

<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>changes in market demand;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the timing of customer orders;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>competitive market conditions;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>lengthy sales cycles and/or regulatory approval
cycles;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>new product introductions by us or our
competitors;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>market acceptance of new or existing products;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the cost and availability of components;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the mix of our customer base and sales channels;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the mix of products sold;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the management of inventory;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the level of international sales;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>continued compliance with industry standards;
and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>general economic conditions.</LI></P></UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our gross margin is affected by a number of factors including
product mix, the recognition of license and other revenues for which there may
be little or no corresponding cost of revenues, product pricing, the allocation
between international and domestic sales, the percentages of direct sales and
sales to resellers, and manufacturing and component costs. The markets for our
products are characterized by falling average selling prices. We expect that, as
a result of competitive pressures and other factors, gross profit as a
percentage of revenue for our IP telephony semiconductor products will continue
to decrease. In the likely event that we encounter significant price competition
in the markets for our products, we could be at a significant disadvantage
compared to our competitors, many of whom have substantially greater resources,
and therefore may be better able to withstand an extended period of downward
pricing pressure. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Variations in timing of sales may cause significant
fluctuations in future operating results. Because a significant portion of our
business may be derived from orders placed by a limited number of large
customers, including original equipment manufacturers, the timing of such orders
can cause significant fluctuations in our operating results. Anticipated orders
from customers may fail to materialize. Delivery schedules may be deferred or
canceled for a number of reasons, including changes in specific customer
requirements or economic conditions. The adverse impact of a shortfall in our
revenues may be magnified by our inability to adjust spending to compensate for
such shortfall. Announcements by our competitors or us of new products and
technologies could cause customers to defer purchases of our existing products,
which would also have a material adverse effect on our business and operating
results. As a result of these and other factors, it is likely that in some or
all future periods our operating results will be below the expectations of
investors, which would likely result in a significant reduction in the market
price of our common stock.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The IP telephony market is subject to rapid technological
change and we depend on new product introduction in order to maintain and grow
our business.</P>
</B><P>IP telephony is an emerging market that is characterized by rapid changes
in customer requirements, frequent introductions of new and enhanced products,
and continuing and rapid technological advancement. To compete successfully in
this emerging market, we must continue to design, develop, manufacture, and sell
new and enhanced semiconductor and IP telephony software products and services
that provide increasingly higher levels of performance and reliability at lower
cost. These new and enhanced products must take advantage of technological
advancements and changes, and respond to new customer requirements. Our success
in designing, developing, manufacturing, and selling such products and services
will depend on a variety of factors, including:</P>

<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the identification of market demand for new
products;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the scalability of our IP telephony software
products;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>product and feature selection;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>timely implementation of product design and
development;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>product performance;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>cost-effectiveness of products under
development;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>effective manufacturing processes; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>success of promotional efforts.</LI></P></UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Additionally, we may also be required to collaborate with
third parties to develop our products and may not be able to do so on a timely
and cost-effective basis, if at all. We have in the past experienced delays in
the development of new products and the enhancement of existing products, and
such delays will likely occur in the future. If we are unable, due to resource
constraints or technological or other reasons, to develop and introduce new or
enhanced products in a timely manner, if such new or enhanced products do not
achieve sufficient market acceptance, or if such new product introductions
decrease demand for existing products, our operating results would decline and
our business would not grow.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The long and variable sales and deployment cycles for our
IP telephony products may cause our revenue and operating results to vary.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our Packet8 service, IP telephony software and
semiconductor products have lengthy sales cycles, and we may incur substantial
sales and marketing expenses and expend significant management effort without
making a sale. A customer's decision to purchase our products often involves a
significant commitment of its resources and a lengthy product evaluation and
qualification process. We do not possess the capital infrastructure required to
invest in extensive marketing or advertising campaigns that may be required in
order to sell these products. In addition, the length of our sales cycles will
vary depending on the type of customer to whom we are selling and the product
being sold. Even after making the decision to purchase our products, our
customers may deploy our products slowly. Timing of deployment can vary widely
and will depend on various factors, including:</P>

<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the size of the network deployment;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the complexity of our customers' network
environments;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our customers' skill sets;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the hardware and software configuration and customization
necessary to deploy our products; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our customers' ability to finance their purchase of our
products.</LI></P></UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">As a result, it is difficult for us to predict the quarter in
which our customers may purchase our IP telephony products, and our revenue and
operating results may vary significantly from quarter to quarter.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We need to retain key personnel to support our products
and ongoing operations. </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The development and marketing of our IP telephony
products will continue to place a significant strain on our limited personnel,
management, and other resources. Our future success depends upon the continued
services of our executive officers and other key employees who have critical
industry experience and relationships that we rely on to implement our business
plan. None of our officers or key employees are bound by employment agreements
for any specific term. The loss of the services of any of our officers or key
employees could delay the development and introduction of, and negatively impact
our ability to sell our products which could adversely affect our financial
results and impair our growth. We currently do not maintain key person life
insurance policies on any of our employees.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We depend on contract manufacturers to manufacture
substantially all of our products, and any delay or interruption in
manufacturing by these contract manufacturers would result in delayed or reduced
shipments to our customers and may harm our business. </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We outsource the manufacturing of our semiconductor
products to independent foundries and as such do not have internal manufacturing
capabilities to meet our customers' demands. We have shifted the manufacture of
our voice over IP semiconductors to an affiliate of STMicroelectronics NV, or
STM, from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, or TSMC. STM or its
contract manufacturer, TSMC, will be the sole manufacturer of our semiconductor
products. Furthermore, to the extent TSMC is utilized, Taiwan is always subject
to geological or geopolitical disturbances that could instantly cut off such
supply. </P>
<P>We do not have long-term purchase agreements with our contract manufacturers
or our component suppliers. There can be no assurance that our subcontract
manufacturers will be able or willing to reliably manufacture our products, in
volumes, on a cost-effective basis or in a timely manner. For our consumer
videophones, IP telephones and media hub devices that are used with our hosted
iPBX and Packet8 service, we rely on the availability of our semiconductor
products. These devices are also sourced solely from certain overseas contract
manufacturers and partners, and are currently not available from any other
manufacturer.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may not be able to manage our inventory levels
effectively, which may lead to inventory obsolescence that would force us to
lower our prices.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our products have lead times of up to several months, and
are built to forecasts that are necessarily imprecise. Because of our practice
of building our products to necessarily imprecise forecasts, it is likely that,
from time to time, we will have either excess or insufficient product inventory.
Excess inventory levels would subject us to the risk of inventory obsolescence
and the risk that our selling prices may drop below our inventory costs, while
insufficient levels of inventory may negatively affect relations with customers.
For instance, our customers rely upon our ability to meet committed delivery
dates, and any disruption in the supply of our products could result in legal
action from our customers, loss of customers or harm to our ability to attract
new customers. Any of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results, and financial condition.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If our products do not interoperate with our customers'
networks, orders for our products will be delayed or canceled and substantial
product returns could occur, which could harm our business.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Many of the potential customers for our hosted iPBX
product and Packet8 voice and video communications service have requested that
our products and services be designed to interoperate with their existing
networks, each of which may have different specifications and use multiple
standards. Our customers' networks may contain multiple generations of products
from different vendors that have been added over time as their networks have
grown and evolved. Our products must interoperate with these products as well as
with future products in order to meet our customers' requirements. In some
cases, we may be required to modify our product designs to achieve a sale, which
may result in a longer sales cycle, increased research and development expense,
and reduced operating margins. If our products do not interoperate with existing
equipment or software in our customers' networks, installations could be
delayed, orders for our products could be canceled or our products could be
returned. This could harm our business, financial condition, and results of
operations. Our Packet8 service depends on the availability of third party
network service providers that provide telephone numbers and PSTN call
termination and origination services for our customers. Many of these network
service providers are financially affected by the downturn in the
telecommunications industry and may be forced to terminate the services that we
depend on. The time to interface our technology to another network service
provider, if available, and qualify this new service could have a material
adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may have difficulty identifying the source of the
problem when there is a problem in a network.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our hosted iPBX and Packet8 IP service must successfully
integrate with products from other vendors, such as gateways to traditional
telephone systems. As a result, when problems occur in a network, it may be
difficult to identify the source of the problem. The occurrence of hardware and
software errors, whether caused by our hosted iPBX solution, Packet8 service or
another vendor's products, may result in the delay or loss of market acceptance
of our products and any necessary revisions may force us to incur significant
expenses. The occurrence of some of these types of problems may seriously harm
our business, financial condition and results of operations.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Intense competition in the markets in which we compete
could prevent us from increasing or sustaining our revenue and prevent us from
achieving profitability </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We expect our competitors to continue to improve the
performance of their current products and introduce new products or new
technologies. If our competitors successfully introduce new products or enhance
their existing products, this could reduce the sales or market acceptance of our
products and services, increase price competition or make our products obsolete.
To be competitive, we must continue to invest significant resources in research
and development, sales and marketing, and customer support. We may not have
sufficient resources to make these investments or to make the technological
advances necessary to be competitive, which in turn will cause our business to
suffer.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In addition, our focus on developing a range of technology
products, including semiconductors and related embedded software, hosted iPBX
solutions, and the Packet8 service products, has placed a significant strain on
our research and development resources. Competitors that focus on one aspect of
technology, such as software or semiconductors, may have a considerable
advantage over us. In addition, many of our current and potential competitors
have longer operating histories, are substantially larger, and have greater
financial, manufacturing, marketing, technical, and other resources. For
example, certain competitors in the market for our semiconductor products
maintain their own semiconductor foundries and may therefore benefit from
certain capacity, cost and technical advantages. Many also have greater name
recognition and a larger installed base of products than we have. Competition in
our markets may result in significant price reductions. As a result of their
greater resources, many current and potential competitors may be better able
than us to initiate and withstand significant price competition or downturns in
the economy. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to
compete effectively, and any failure to do so would harm our business, operating
results, and financial condition.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If we do not develop and maintain successful partnerships
for IP telephony products, we may not be able to successfully market our
solutions.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We are entering into new market areas and our success is
partly dependent on our ability to forge new marketing and engineering
partnerships. IP telephony communication systems are extremely complex and few,
if any, companies possess all the required technology components needed to build
a complete end to end solution. We will likely need to enter into partnerships
to augment our development programs and to assist us in marketing complete
solutions to our targeted customers. We may not be able to develop such
partnerships in the course of our product development. Even if we do establish
the necessary partnerships, we may not be able to adequately capitalize on these
partnerships to aid in the success of our business.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Inability to protect our proprietary technology or our
infringement of a third party's proprietary technology would disrupt our
business.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We rely in part on trademark, copyright, and trade secret
law to protect our intellectual property in the United States and abroad. We
seek to protect our software, documentation, and other written materials under
trade secret and copyright law, which afford only limited protection. We also
rely in part on patent law to protect our intellectual property in the United
States and internationally. We hold fifty-four United States patents and have a
number of United States and foreign patent applications pending. We cannot
predict whether such pending patent applications will result in issued patents.
We may not be able to protect our proprietary rights in the United States or
internationally (where effective intellectual property protection may be
unavailable or limited), and competitors may independently develop technologies
that are similar or superior to our technology, duplicate our technology or
design around any patent of ours. We have in the past licensed and in the future
expect to continue licensing our technology to others; many of who are located
or may be located abroad. There are no assurances that such licensees will
protect our technology from misappropriation. Moreover, litigation may be
necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to
determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to
defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could
result in substantial costs and diversion of management time and resources and
could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and
operating results. Any settlement or adverse determination in such litigation
would also subject us to significant liability.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">There has been substantial litigation in the semiconductor,
electronics, and related industries regarding intellectual property rights, and
from time to time third parties may claim infringement by us of their
intellectual property rights. Our broad range of technology, including systems,
digital and analog circuits, software, and semiconductors, increases the
likelihood that third parties may claim infringement by us of their intellectual
property rights. If we were found to be infringing on the intellectual property
rights of any third party, we could be subject to liabilities for such
infringement, which could be material. We could also be required to refrain from
using, manufacturing or selling certain products or using certain processes,
either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and
operating results. From time to time, we have received, and may continue to
receive in the future, notices of claims of infringement, misappropriation or
misuse of other parties' proprietary rights. There can be no assurance that we
will prevail in these discussions and actions or that other actions alleging
infringement by us of third party patents will not be asserted or prosecuted
against the Company.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We rely upon certain technology, including hardware and
software, licensed from third parties. There can be no assurance that the
technology licensed by us will continue to provide competitive features and
functionality or that licenses for technology currently utilized by us or other
technology which we may seek to license in the future will be available to us on
commercially reasonable terms or at all. The loss of, or inability to maintain
existing licenses could result in shipment delays or reductions until equivalent
technology or suitable alternative products could be developed, identified,
licensed and integrated, and could harm our business. These licenses are on
standard commercial terms made generally available by the companies providing
the licenses. The cost and terms of these licenses individually are not material
to our business.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The failure of IP networks to meet the reliability and
quality standards required for voice and video communications could render our
products obsolete.</P>
</B><P>Circuit-switched telephony networks feature very high reliability, with a
guaranteed quality of service. In addition, such networks have imperceptible
delay and consistently satisfactory audio quality. Emerging broadband IP
networks, such as LANs, WANs, and the internet, or emerging last mile
technologies such as cable, digital subscriber lines, and wireless local loop,
may not be suitable for telephony unless such networks and technologies can
provide reliability and quality consistent with these standards.<B> </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our products must comply with industry standards, FCC
regulations, state, country-specific and international regulations, and changes
may require us to modify existing products.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In addition to reliability and quality standards, the
market acceptance of telephony over broadband IP networks is dependent upon the
adoption of industry standards so that products from multiple manufacturers are
able to communicate with each other. Our IP telephony products rely heavily on
standards such as SIP, H.323, MGCP and Megaco to interoperate with other
vendors' equipment. There is currently a lack of agreement among industry
leaders about which standard should be used for a particular application, and
about the definition of the standards themselves. These standards, as well as
audio and video compression standards, continue to evolve. We also must comply
with certain rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission
(FCC) regarding electromagnetic radiation and safety standards established by
Underwriters Laboratories, as well as similar regulations and standards
applicable in other countries. Standards are continuously being modified and
replaced. As standards evolve, we may be required to modify our existing
products or develop and support new versions of our products. The failure of our
products to comply, or delays in compliance, with various existing and evolving
industry standards could delay or interrupt volume production of our IP
telephony products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and operating results.</P>
<B><P>Future legislation or regulation of the internet and/or voice and video
over IP services could restrict our business, prevent us from offering service
or increase our cost of doing business.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">At present there are few laws, regulations or rulings
that specifically address access to or commerce on the internet, including IP
telephony. We are unable to predict the impact, if any, that future legislation,
legal decisions or regulations concerning the internet may have on our business,
financial condition, and results of operations. Regulation may be targeted
towards, among other things, assessing access or settlement charges, imposing
taxes related to internet communications, imposing tariffs or regulations based
on encryption concerns or the characteristics and quality of products and
services, imposing regulations and requirements related to the handling of
emergency 911 services, any of which could restrict our business or increase our
cost of doing business. The increasing growth of the broadband IP telephony
market and popularity of broadband IP telephony products and services heighten
the risk that governments or other legislative bodies will seek to regulate
broadband IP telephony and the internet. In addition, large, established
telecommunication companies may devote substantial lobbying efforts to influence
the regulation of the broadband IP telephony market, which may be contrary to
our interests. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Many regulatory actions are underway or are being
contemplated by federal and state authorities, including the FCC and other state
regulatory agencies. On February 12, 2004 the FCC initiated a notice of public
rule-making to update FCC policy and consider the appropriate regulatory
classification for VoIP and other IP enabled services. There is risk that a
regulatory agency requires us to conform to rules that are unsuitable for IP
communications technologies or rules that cannot be complied with due to the
nature and efficiencies of IP routing, or are unnecessary or unreasonable in
light of the manner in which Packet8 offers service to its customers. It is not
possible to separate the Internet, or any service offered over it, into
intrastate and interstate components. While suitable alternatives may be
developed in the future, the current IP network does not enable us to identify
the geographic nature of the traffic traversing the Internet. There is also risk
that specific E911 requirements imposed by a regulatory agency may impede our
ability to offer service in a manner that conforms to these requirements. While
we are developing technologies that seek to provide access to emergency services
in conjunction with our IP communications offerings, the existing requirements,
which are tethered to and dependent upon the legacy PSTN network, neither work
in an IP environment nor take advantage of the significantly enhanced
capabilities of the IP network. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The effects of federal or state regulatory actions could have
a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating
results.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Increasing interest by U.S. states in the regulation of
voice over IP services could result in laws or regulatory actions that harm our
business.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Several states have recently shown an interest in
regulating voice over IP, or VoIP, services, as they do for providers of
traditional telephone service. If this trend continues, and if state regulation
is not preempted by action by the U.S. federal government, we may become subject
to a "patchwork quilt" of state regulations and taxes, which would increase our
costs of doing business, and adversely affect our operating results and future
prospects.</P>
<P>We have already been contacted by several state regulatory authorities
regarding our Packet8 service. On September 11, 2003, we received a letter from
the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin (the WPSC) notifying us that the WPSC
believes that we, via our Packet8 voice and video communications service, are
offering intrastate telecommunications services in the state of Wisconsin
without certification of the WPSC. According to the WPSC's letter, it believes
that we cannot legally provide Packet8-based resold intrastate services in
Wisconsin without certification of the WPSC. In addition, the Commission
believes that Packet8 bills for intrastate services to Wisconsin customers are
void and not collectible. The letter also states that if we do not obtain
certification to offer intrastate telecommunications services, the matter will
be referred to the State of Wisconsin Attorney General for enforcement action.
The letter also states that even if the Company were certified by the WPSC, the
previous operation without certification may still subject the Company to
referral to the State of Wisconsin Attorney General for enforcement action and
possible forfeitures. We consulted with counsel and have responded to the WPSC
and disputed their assertions. While we do not believe that the potential
amounts of any forfeitures would be material to us, if we are subject to an
enforcement action, we may become subject to liabilities and may incur expenses
that adversely affect our results of operations.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">On September 17, 2003, we were contacted by the Ohio Public
Utilities Commission (OPUC) and asked to respond to a questionnaire on Voice
over IP technologies that the OPUC is conducting. The OPUC inquired as to the
nature of our service, how it is provided, and to what Ohio residents the
service is made available. The questionnaire did not contain any assertions
regarding the legality of the Packet8 service under Ohio law or any statements
as to whether the OPUC believes we are subject to regulation by the state of
Ohio. We responded to this questionnaire on October 20, 2003.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">On September 22, 2003, we also received a letter from the
California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). The correspondence alleges that
we are offering intrastate telecommunications services for profit in California
without having received formal certification from the CPUC to provide such
service. The CPUC also requested that we file an application with the CPUC for
authority to conduct business as a telecommunications utility no later than
October 22, 2003. We consulted with regulatory counsel and have responded to the
CPUC and disputed their assertions and did not file the requested application.
In our response to the state of California, we disagreed with the CPUC's
classification of us as a telephone corporation under the California Public
Utilities Code. The letter from the CPUC did not indicate, and we cannot
predict, what any potential penalties or consequences in failing to obtain
certification might be. If we are subjected to penalties, or if we are required
to comply with CPUC regulations affecting telecommunications service providers,
our business may be adversely affected. On November 13, 2003, the CPUC held a
hearing in San Francisco to hear testimony from CPUC staff and industry
representatives regarding what course of action the CPUC should take with
respect to Internet telephony. A representative from 8x8 attended the hearing.
In January 2004, the CPUC issued a statement that stated that it was pulling
back from its immediate enforcement approach against IP telephony service
providers, and was establishing a more deliberative process to set regulations.
On February 11, 2004, the CPUC approved a formal investigation and rulemaking
into VoIP providers. The CPUC has indicated that this process could last up to
18 months, but there is no way for us to predict the timetable or outcome of
this process. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Potential regulation of internet service providers could
adversely affect our operations. </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">To date, the FCC has treated internet service providers
as information service providers. Information service providers are currently
exempt from federal and state regulations governing common carriers, including
the obligation to pay access charges and contribute to the universal service
fund. The FCC is currently examining the status of internet service providers
and the services they provide. If the FCC were to determine that internet
service providers, or the services they provide, are subject to FCC regulation,
including the payment of access charges and contribution to the universal
service funds, it could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and operating results. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">There may be risks associated with the lack of 911
emergency dialing with Packet8 service.</P>
</B><P>We market the Packet8 voice and video communications service to our
residential customers as a secondary line service, not a primary line service.
We do not encourage our residential customers to use Packet8 as their only
telephone service, due to the fact that the IP dialtone service is only as
reliable as a customer's underlying data service (which is not provided by 8x8).
We play a recorded message to any of our customers who dial 911 from phones
connected to the Packet8 service instructing them to hang up and either dial
their local police/fire department directly from the phone on the Packet8
service, or to dial 911 from a phone connected to the traditional telephone
network. However, there may be a risk of liability or future regulatory action
with respect to the inability of customers to access local 911 emergency
services from a telephone connected to Packet8 service. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">To date, the FCC has not classified any interstate IP
telephony service provider as a "telecommunications carrier," preferring instead
to permit the nascent industry to grow. Under current federal law, providers of
"information services" do not incur obligations to participate in 911 and E911
emergency calling systems. However, there is no guarantee that the FCC's
interpretations and the relevant federal law will not change in a manner that
may increase our cost of doing business or otherwise adversely affect our
ability to deliver the Packet8 service. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may lose customers if we experience system failures
that significantly disrupt the availability and quality of the services that it
provides. </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The operation of our Packet8 voice and video service
depends on our ability to avoid and mitigate any interruptions in service or
reduced capacity for customers. Interruptions in service or performance
problems, for whatever reason, could undermine confidence in our services and
cause us to lose customers or make it more difficult to attract new ones. In
addition, because our services may be critical to the businesses of our
customers, any significant interruption in service could result in lost profits
or other loss to our customers. Although we attempt to disclaim liability in our
service agreements, a court might not enforce a limitation on liability, which
could expose us to financial loss. In addition, we may provide our customers
with guaranteed service level commitments. If we are unable to meet these
guaranteed service level commitments as a result of service interruptions, we
may be obligated to provide credits, generally in the form of free service for a
short period of time, to our customers, which could negatively affect our
operating results. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The failure of any equipment or facility on our network, or
those of our partners or customers, could result in the interruption of customer
service until necessary repairs are made or replacement equipment is installed.
Network failures, delays and errors could also result from natural disasters,
terrorist acts, power losses, security breaches and computer viruses. These
failures, faults or errors could cause delays, service interruptions, expose us
to customer liability or require expensive modifications that could have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating
results. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We could be liable for breaches of security on our web
site, fraudulent activities of our users, or the failure of third-party vendors
to deliver credit card transaction processing services.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A fundamental requirement for operating an internet-
based, worldwide voice and video communications service and electronically
billing our Packet8 customers is the secure transmission of confidential
information over public networks. Although we have developed systems and
processes that are designed to protect consumer information and prevent
fraudulent credit card transactions and other security breaches, failure to
mitigate such fraud or breaches may adversely affect our operating results. The
law relating to the liability of providers of online payment services is
currently unsettled. We rely on third party providers to process and guarantee
payments made by Packet8 subscribers up to certain limits, and we may be unable
to prevent our users from fraudulently receiving goods and services. Our
liability risk will increase if a larger fraction of our Packet8 transactions
involve fraudulent or disputed credit card transactions. Any costs we incur as a
result of fraudulent transactions could harm our business. In addition, the
functionality of our current billing system relies on certain third-party
vendors delivering services. If these vendors are unable or unwilling to provide
services, we will not be able to charge for our Packet8 services in a timely or
scalable fashion.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Intellectual property and proprietary rights of others
could prevent us from using necessary technology to provide IP voice and video
services. </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">While we do not know of any technologies that are
patented by others that we believe are necessary for us to provide our services,
certain necessary technology may in fact be patented by other parties either now
or in the future. If such technology were held under patent by another person,
we would have to negotiate a license for the use of that certain technology. We
may not be able to negotiate such a license at a price that is acceptable. The
existence of such a patents, or our inability to negotiate a license for any
such technology on acceptable terms, could force us to cease using such
technology and offering products and services incorporating such technology.
</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If we discover product defects, we may have product-
related liabilities which may cause us to lose revenues or delay market
acceptance of our products.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Products as complex as those we offer frequently contain
errors, defects, and functional limitations when first introduced or as new
versions are released. We have in the past experienced such errors, defects or
functional limitations. We sell products into markets that are extremely
demanding of robust, reliable, fully functional products. Therefore, delivery of
products with production defects or reliability, quality or compatibility
problems could significantly delay or hinder market acceptance of such products,
which could damage our credibility with our customers and adversely affect our
ability to retain our existing customers and to attract new customers. Moreover,
such errors, defects or functional limitations could cause problems,
interruptions, delays or a cessation of sales to our customers. Alleviating such
problems may require significant expenditures of capital and resources by us.
Despite our testing, our suppliers or our customers may find errors, defects or
functional limitations in new products after commencement of commercial
production. This could result in additional development costs, loss of, or
delays in, market acceptance, diversion of technical and other resources from
our other development efforts, product repair or replacement costs, claims by
our customers or others against us, or the loss of credibility with our current
and prospective customers.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We have significant international operations, which
subject us to risks that could cause our operating results to decline.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">For the first three and nine months of fiscal 2004, sales
to customers outside of the United States represented 83% and 80%, respectively,
of our total sales. Sales to customers outside of the United States during the
years ended March&nbsp;31, 2003, 2002 and 2001 were 62%, 61% and 69%,
respectively, of total revenues. The following table illustrates our net
revenues by geographic area expressed as a percentage of total revenues for the
corresponding period. Revenues are attributed to countries based on the
destination of shipment:</P></FONT>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=668>
<TR><TD WIDTH="48%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Three Months Ended December
31,</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Nine Months Ended December 31,</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="48%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2003</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2002</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2003</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">2002</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="48%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">United States&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;17%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;38%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;20%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;40%</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="48%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Europe&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;5%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;43%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;13%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;26%</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="48%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Asia Pacific&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;78%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;19%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;67%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;24%</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="48%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14><P></P></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;100%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;100%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;100%</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%" VALIGN="TOP" HEIGHT=14>
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;100%</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Substantially all of our current semiconductor
and system-level products are, and substantially all of our future products will
be, manufactured, assembled, and tested by independent third parties in foreign
countries. International sales and manufacturing are subject to a number of
risks, including general economic conditions in regions such as Asia, changes in
foreign government regulations and telecommunication standards, export license
requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers, potentially adverse tax
consequences, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, greater difficulty in
collecting accounts receivable and longer collection periods, the impact of
recessions in economies outside of the United States, and difficulty in staffing
and managing foreign operations. We are also subject to geopolitical risks, such
as political, social, and economic instability, potential hostilities, and
changes in diplomatic and trade relationships, in connection with our
international operations. Taiwan in particular is subject to a high rate of
natural disasters, such as earthquakes or typhoons, which could have significant
impact on our suppliers and customers due to a delay in operations within that
country. In addition, Taiwan's tenuous relationship with mainland China is a
source of continuing concern due to potential hostilities. A significant decline
in demand from foreign markets could have a material adverse effect on our
business, operating results, and financial condition.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may need to raise additional capital to support our
operations. </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">As of December 31, 2003, we had cash and cash equivalents
of approximately $13.2 million. Unless we achieve and maintain profitability, we
will need to raise additional capital in the future. We may not be able to
obtain such additional financing as needed on acceptable terms, or at all, which
may require us to reduce our operating costs and other expenditures, including
reductions of personnel and capital expenditures. If we issue additional equity
or convertible debt securities to raise funds, the ownership percentage of our
existing stockholders would be reduced and they may experience significant
dilution. New investors may demand rights, preferences or privileges senior to
those of existing holders of our common stock. If we are not successful in these
actions, we may be forced to cease operations.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may not be able to maintain our listing on the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market,
which has certain compliance requirements for continued listing of common stock.
</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If our minimum closing bid price per share falls below $1.00
for a period of 30 consecutive business days in the future, we may again be
subject to delisting procedures. As of the close of business on December 31,
2003, our common stock had a closing bid price of $4.55 per share. We must also
meet additional continued listing requirements contained in Nasdaq Marketplace
Rule 4310(c)(2)(b), which requires that we have a minimum of $2,500,000 in
stockholders' equity or $50,000,000 market value of listed securities or
$500,000 of net income from continuing operations for the most recently
completed fiscal year (or two of the three most recently completed fiscal
years). As of March 29, 2004, based on our closing price as of that day, the
market value of our securities approximated $120 million and we were in
compliance with Nasdaq Marketplace Rule 4310(c)(2)(b). There can be no assurance
that we will continue to meet the continued listing requirements.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Delisting could reduce the ability of our shareholders to
purchase or sell shares as quickly and as inexpensively as they have done
historically. For instance, failure to obtain listing on another market or
exchange may make it more difficult for traders to sell our securities. Broker-
dealers may be less willing or able to sell or make a market in our common
stock. Not maintaining a listing on a major stock market may:</P>

<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>result in a decrease in the trading price of our common
stock;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>lessen interest by institutions and individuals in
investing in our common stock; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>make it more difficult to obtain analyst coverage;
and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>make it more difficult for us to raise capital in the
future.</LI></P></UL>

<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The location of our headquarters facility subjects us to
the risk of earthquakes.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our corporate headquarters is located in the San
Francisco Bay area of Northern California, a region known for seismic activity.
A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, could have a material
adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">These risk factors could cause actual results to differ
materially from the results anticipated in forward-looking statements. </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The reports that we file with the SEC and our other
communications may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. We consider forward-looking statements to be those statements
that describe intentions, beliefs, and current expectations with respect to
future operating performance. Our actual results could differ materially from
those anticipated in our forward-looking statements as a result of certain
factors. </P>

<P><A NAME="forward"></P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</P></A>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We have made forward-looking statements in this
prospectus and in documents that we incorporate by reference into this
prospectus. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and
uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in
these forward-looking statements.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Forward-looking statements include information concerning our
possible or assumed future results of operations as well as statements that
include the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend" or similar
expressions. You should understand that certain important factors, including
those set forth in "Risk Factors" below and elsewhere in this prospectus and the
documents that we incorporate by reference into this prospectus, could affect
our future results of operations and could cause those results to differ
materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. In connection
with these forward- looking statements, you should carefully review the risks
set forth in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference into
this prospectus.</P>

<P><A NAME="ratio"></P>
<B>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES</P></A>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our ratio of earnings to fixed charges are as follows for
the fiscal years ended March 31 and nine months ended December 31, 2003:
</P></FONT>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=631>
<TR><TD WIDTH="21%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">March 31, 1999</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">March 31, 2000</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">March 31, 2001</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">March 31, 2002</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">March 31, 2003</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Nine Months ended December 31, 2003</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="21%" VALIGN="BOTTOM" HEIGHT=39>
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" HEIGHT=39>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">__</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" HEIGHT=39>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">__</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" HEIGHT=39>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">__</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" HEIGHT=39>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">__</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" HEIGHT=39>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">__</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="MIDDLE" HEIGHT=39>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">__</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">For purposes of computing the ratio of earnings
to fixed charges in the table above, earnings are defined as income (loss)
before provision for income taxes adjusted for fixed charges. Fixed charges are
interest expenses including amortization of debt issuance cost plus the portion
of interest expense under operating leases deemed by us to be representative of
the interest factor. Due to our losses incurred for the nine months ended
December 31, 2003 and the fiscal years ended March 31, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000
and 1999, earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $1.5 million,
$11.4 million, $9.1 million, $74.4 million, $28.8 million, and $19.2 million.
For the periods indicated above, we had no outstanding shares of preferred stock
with required dividend payments. Therefore, the ratios of earnings to fixed
charges and preferred stock dividends are identical to the ratios presented in
the above table.</P>

<P><A NAME="use"></P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">USE OF PROCEEDS</B> </P></A>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless otherwise indicated in the prospectus supplement, we
currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities that we may
offer with this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement to fund
the expansion of our Packet8 voice and video communication service, to fund
working capital and for general corporate purposes. General corporate purposes
may include capital expenditures, possible acquisitions, investments, repurchase
of our capital stock and any other purposes that we may specify in any
prospectus supplement. Pending these uses, the net proceeds will be invested in
interest-bearing securities.</P>

<P><A NAME="stock"></P>
<B>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</B> </P></A>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares
of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock,
$0.001 par value. As of February 29, 2004, there were: </P>

<UL>
<LI>38,315,769 shares of our common stock outstanding; </LI>
<LI>one share of preferred stock issued and outstanding; </LI>
<LI>options to purchase 6,048,932 shares of the Company's common stock
outstanding; and </LI>
<LI>warrants to purchase 2,876,762 shares of the Company's common stock
outstanding.</LI></UL>

<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Common Stock </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Holders of our common stock have one vote per share on
all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Stockholders do not have
cumulative voting rights. The holders of our common stock have the right to
receive dividends if they are declared by the our board of directors and there
are sufficient funds to legally pay dividends, subject to the rights of the
holders of any outstanding preferred stock to receive preferential dividends.
Upon the liquidation of 8x8, holders of our common stock would share ratably in
any assets available for distribution to stockholders after payment of all of
our obligations and the aggregate liquidation preference (including accrued and
unpaid dividends) of any outstanding preferred stock. Our common stock is not
redeemable and has no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. Shares of
our common stock currently outstanding are, and shares of common stock that may
be issued under the prospectus will be, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable. </P>
<B><P>Preferred Stock </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Our board of directors has the authority, without further
action by the stockholders, to issue up to an additional 4,999,999 shares of
preferred stock. Our board of directors may issue preferred stock in one or more
series and fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such
preferred stock, including:</P>

<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>dividend rights; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>dividend rate; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>conversion or exchange rights; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>voting rights; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>rights and terms of redemption, including redemption at
our option or at the option of the holders;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any sinking fund or similar provision;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>redemption price or prices;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the liquidation preferences of any wholly unissued series
of preferred stock; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the number of shares constituting any series or the
designation of such series; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any or all other preferences and participating, optional
or other special rights, privileges or qualification, limitations or
restrictions.</LI></P></UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of
earnings and assets available for distribution to the holders of our common
stock or adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the
holders of our common stock. We have no present plans to issue any additional
preferred stock. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Stock Options and Warrants </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">As of February 29, 2004, there were 8,925,694 shares of
common stock reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans, options and
warrants. Of this number, 6,048,932 shares were reserved for issuance upon
exercise of outstanding options that were previously granted under our stock
option plans, 5,225,699 shares were reserved for issuance upon exercise of
options that may be granted in the future under our stock option plans,
2,876,762 shares were reserved for issuance upon exercise of outstanding
warrants, and no shares were reserved for issuance under our Employee Stock
Purchase Plan. </P>
<B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><A NAME="page_dg1922_1_15"></A>Transfer Agent and
Registrar</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Computershare Trust Company, Inc. is the transfer agent
and registrar for our common stock. </P>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="_Toc32302699"><A NAME="shares"></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">DESCRIPTION OF THE DEPOSITARY SHARES</A></P>
<P>General</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">At our option, we may elect to offer fractional shares of
preferred stock, rather than full shares of preferred stock. If we do elect to
offer fractional shares of preferred stock, we will issue to the public receipts
for depositary shares and each of these depositary shares will represent a
fraction of a share of a particular series of preferred stock, as specified in
the applicable prospectus supplement. Each owner of a depositary share will be
entitled, in proportion to the applicable fractional interest in shares of
preferred stock underlying that depositary share, to all rights and preferences
of the preferred stock underlying that depositary share. These rights may
include dividend, voting, redemption and liquidation rights.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The shares of preferred stock underlying the depositary
shares will be deposited with a bank or trust company selected by us to act as
depositary, under a deposit agreement between us, the depositary and the holders
of the depositary receipts. The depositary will be the transfer agent, registrar
and dividend disbursing agent for the depositary shares. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The depositary shares will be evidenced by depositary
receipts issued pursuant to the depositary agreement. Holders of depositary
receipts agree to be bound by the deposit agreement, which requires holders to
take certain actions such as filing proof of residence and paying certain
charges. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The summary of terms of the depositary shares contained in
this prospectus is not complete, and is subject to modification in any
prospectus supplement for any issuance of depositary shares. You should refer to
the forms of the deposit agreement, our articles of incorporation and the
certificate of determination for the applicable series of preferred stock that
are, or will be, filed with the SEC.</P>
<B><P>Dividends</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The depositary will distribute cash dividends or other
cash distributions, if any, received in respect of the series of preferred stock
underlying the depositary shares to the record holders of depositary receipts in
proportion to the number of depositary shares owned by those holders on the
relevant record date. The relevant record date for depositary shares will be the
same date as the record date for the preferred stock.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the
depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of
depositary receipts that are entitled to receive the distribution, unless the
depositary determines that it is not feasible to make the distribution. If this
occurs, the depositary, with our approval, may adopt another method for the
distribution, including selling the property and distributing the net proceeds
to the holders.</P>
<B><P>Liquidation preference</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If a series of preferred stock underlying the depositary
shares has a liquidation preference, in the event of our voluntary or
involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of depositary shares
will be entitled to receive the fraction of the liquidation preference accorded
each share of the applicable series of preferred stock, as set forth in the
applicable prospectus supplement.</P>
<B><P>Redemption</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If a series of preferred stock underlying the depositary
shares is subject to redemption, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the
proceeds received by the depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or
in part, of the preferred stock held by the depositary. Whenever we redeem any
preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem, as of the
same redemption date, the number of depositary shares representing the preferred
stock so redeemed. The depositary will mail the notice of redemption to the
record holders of the depositary receipts promptly upon receiving the notice
from us and no fewer than 20 or more than 60 days, unless otherwise provided in
the applicable prospectus supplement, prior to the date fixed for redemption of
the preferred stock.</P>
<B><P>Voting</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the
holders of preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the
information contained in the notice of meeting to the record holders of the
depositary receipts underlying the preferred stock. Each record holder of those
depositary receipts on the record date will be entitled to instruct the
depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of
preferred stock underlying that holder's depositary shares. The record date for
the depositary will be the same date as the record date for the preferred stock.
The depositary will try, as far as practicable, to vote the preferred stock
underlying the depositary shares in accordance with these instructions. We will
agree to take all action that may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order
to enable the depositary to vote the preferred stock in accordance with these
instructions. The depositary will not vote the preferred stock to the extent
that it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary
receipts.</P>
<B><P>Withdrawal of Preferred Stock</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Owners of depositary shares will be entitled to receive
upon surrender of depositary receipts at the principal office of the depositary
and payment of any unpaid amount due to the depositary, the number of whole
shares of preferred stock underlying their depositary shares.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Partial shares of preferred stock will not be issued. Holders
of preferred stock will not be entitled to deposit the shares under the deposit
agreement or to receive depositary receipts evidencing depositary shares for the
preferred stock.</P>
<B><P>Amendment and termination of the deposit agreement</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary
shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may be amended by agreement
between the depositary and us. However, any amendment which materially and
adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary shares, other than fee
changes, will not be effective unless the amendment has been approved by at
least a majority of the outstanding depositary shares. The deposit agreement may
be terminated by the depositary or us only if:</P>


<UL>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed;
or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>there has been a final distribution of the preferred
stock in connection with our dissolution and such distribution has been made to
all the holders of depositary shares.</LI></P>
</UL>

<B><P>Charges of depositary</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental
charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangement. We will
also pay charges of the depositary in connection with:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the initial deposit of the preferred stock;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the initial issuance of the depositary shares;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any redemption of the preferred stock; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all withdrawals of preferred stock by owners of
depositary shares.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Holders of depositary receipts will pay transfer, income and
other taxes and governmental charges and other specified charges as provided in
the deposit agreement for their accounts. If these charges have not been paid,
the depositary may:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>refuse to transfer depositary shares;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>withhold dividends and distributions; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>sell the depositary shares evidenced by the depositary
receipt.</LI></P>
</UL>

<B><P>Miscellaneous</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The depositary will forward to the holders of depositary
receipts all reports and communications we deliver to the depositary that we are
required to furnish to the holders of the preferred stock. In addition, the
depositary will make available for inspection by holders of depositary receipts
at the principal office of the depositary, and at such other places as it may
from time to time deem advisable, any reports and communications we deliver to
the depositary as the holder of preferred stock.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Neither the depositary nor we will be liable if either the
depositary or we are prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond the
control of either the depositary or us in performing our respective obligations
under the deposit agreement. Our obligations and the depositary's obligations
will be limited to the performance in good faith of our or the depositary's
respective duties under the deposit agreement. Neither the depositary nor we
will be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any
depositary shares or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished.
The depositary and we may rely on:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>written advice of counsel or accountants;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>information provided by holders of depositary receipts or
other persons believed in good faith to be competent to give such information;
and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>documents believed to be genuine and to have been signed
or presented by the proper party or parties.</LI></P>
</UL>

<B><P>Resignation and removal of depositary</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The depositary may resign at any time by delivering a
notice to us. We may remove the depositary at any time. Any such resignation or
removal will take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its
acceptance of such appointment. The successor depositary must be appointed
within 60 days after delivery of the notice for resignation or removal. The
successor depositary must be a bank or trust company having its principal office
in the United States of America and having a combined capital and surplus of at
least $50,000,000.</P>
<B><P>Federal income tax consequences</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Owners of the depositary shares will be treated for U.S.
federal income tax purposes as if they were owners of the preferred stock
underlying the depositary shares. As a result, owners will be entitled to take
into account for U.S. federal income tax purposes and deductions to which they
would be entitled if they were holders of such preferred stock. No gain or loss
will be recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the withdrawal of
preferred stock in exchange for depositary shares. The tax basis of each share
of preferred stock to an exchanging owner of depositary shares will, upon such
exchange, be the same as the aggregate tax basis of the depositary shares
exchanged. The holding period for preferred stock in the hands of an exchanging
owner of depositary shares will include the period during which such person
owned such depositary shares.</P>

<P><A NAME="debt"></P>
<B>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">DESCRIPTION OF THE DEBT SECURITIES</P></A>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The debt securities may be either secured or unsecured
and will either be our senior debt securities or our subordinated debt
securities. The debt securities will be issued under one or more separate
indentures between us and a trustee to be specified in an accompanied prospectus
supplement. Senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture and
subordinated debt securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture.
Together, the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are called
indentures in this description. This prospectus, together with the applicable
prospectus supplement, will describe the terms of a particular series of debt
securities.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The following is a summary of selected provisions and
definitions of the indentures and debt securities to which any prospectus
supplement may relate. The summary of selected provisions of the indentures and
the debt securities appearing below is not complete and is subject to, and
qualified entirely by reference to, all of the provisions of the applicable
indenture and certificates evidencing the applicable debt securities. For
additional information, you should look at the applicable indenture and the
certificate evidencing the applicable debt security that is filed as an exhibit
to the registration statement that includes the prospectus. In this description
of the debt securities, the words "8X8," "we," "us" or "our" refer only to 8X8,
Inc. and not to any of our subsidiaries, unless we otherwise expressly state or
the context otherwise requires.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The following description sets forth selected general terms
and provisions of the applicable indenture and debt securities to which any
prospectus supplement may relate. Other specific terms of the applicable
indenture and debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus
supplement. If any particular terms of the indenture or debt securities
described in a prospectus supplement differ from any of the terms described
below, then the terms described below will be deemed to have been superceded by
that prospectus supplement.</P>
<B><P>General</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Debt securities may be issued in separate series without
limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate
principal amount for the debt securities of any series.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We are not limited as to the amount of debt securities we may
issue under the indentures. Unless otherwise provided in a prospectus
supplement, a series of debt securities may be reopened to issue additional debt
securities of such series.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of
debt securities will set forth:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>whether the debt securities are senior or
subordinated;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the offering price;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the title;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any limit on the aggregate principal amount;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the person who shall be entitled to receive interest, if
other than the record holder on the record date;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the date or dates the principal will be payable;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the interest rate or rates, which may be fixed or
variable, if any, the date from which interest will accrue, the interest payment
dates and the regular record dates, or the method for calculating the dates and
rates;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the place where payments may be made;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any mandatory or optional redemption provisions or
sinking fund provisions and any applicable redemption or purchase prices
associated with these provisions;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if issued other than in denominations of U.S. $1,000 or
any multiple of U.S. $1,000, the denominations in which the debt securities
shall be issuable;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if applicable, the method for determining how the
principal, premium, if any, or interest will be calculated by reference to an
index or formula;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if other than U.S. currency, the currency or currency
units in which principal, premium, if any, or interest will be payable and
whether we or a holder may elect payment to be made in a different
currency;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the portion of the principal amount that will be payable
upon acceleration of maturity, if other than the entire principal
amount;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if the principal amount payable at stated maturity will
not be determinable as of any date prior to stated maturity, the amount or
method for determining the amount which will be deemed to be the principal
amount;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if applicable, whether the debt securities shall be
subject to the defeasance provisions described below under "Satisfaction and
discharge; defeasance" or such other defeasance provisions specified in the
applicable prospectus supplement for the debt securities;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any conversion or exchange provisions;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>whether the debt securities will be issuable in the form
of a global security;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any subordination provisions applicable to the
subordinated debt securities if different from those described below under
"Subordinated debt securities";</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any paying agents, authenticating agents, security
registrars or other agents for the debt securities, if other than the
trustee;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any provisions relating to any security provided for the
debt securities, including any provisions regarding the circumstances under
which collateral may be released or substituted;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any deletions of, or changes or additions to, the events
of default, acceleration provisions or covenants;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any provisions relating to guaranties for the securities
and any circumstances under which there may be additional obligors; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any other specific terms of such debt
securities.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless otherwise specified in the prospectus supplement, the
debt securities will be registered debt securities. Debt securities may be sold
at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount, bearing no
interest or interest at a rate which at time of issuance is below market rates.
The U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to debt securities sold at
a discount will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. </P>
<B><P>Exchange and transfer</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Debt securities may be transferred or exchanged at the
office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent
designated by us.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We will not impose a service charge for any transfer or
exchange, but we may require holders to pay any tax or other governmental
charges associated with any transfer or exchange.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In the event of any partial redemption of debt securities of
any series, we will not be required to:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>issue, register the transfer of, or exchange, any debt
security of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15
days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption and ending at the close
of business on the day of the mailing; or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>register the transfer of or exchange any debt security of
that series selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed
portion being redeemed in part.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Initially, we have appointed the trustee as the security
registrar. Any transfer agent, in addition to the security registrar initially
designated by us, will be named in the prospectus supplement. We may designate
additional transfer agents or change transfer agents or change the office of the
transfer agent. However, we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in
each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.</P>
<B><P>Global securities</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The debt securities of any series may be represented, in
whole or in part, by one or more global securities. Each global security
will:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>be registered in the name of a depositary, or its
nominee, that we will identify in a prospectus supplement;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>be deposited with the depositary or nominee or custodian;
and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>bear any required legends.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No global security may be exchanged in whole or in part for
debt securities registered in the name of any person other than the depositary
or any nominee unless:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the depositary has notified us that it is unwilling or
unable to continue as depositary or has ceased to be qualified to act as
depositary;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>an event of default is continuing with respect to the
debt securities of the applicable series; or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any other circumstance described in a prospectus
supplement has occurred permitting or requiring the issuance of any such
security.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">As long as the depositary, or its nominee, is the registered
owner of a global security, the depositary or nominee will be considered the
sole owner and holder of the debt securities represented by the global security
for all purposes under the indentures. Except in the above limited
circumstances, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not
be:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>entitled to have the debt securities registered in their
names;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>entitled to physical delivery of certificated debt
securities; or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>considered to be holders of those debt securities under
the indenture.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Payments on a global security will be made to the depositary
or its nominee as the holder of the global security. Some jurisdictions have
laws that require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery
of such securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to
transfer beneficial interests in a global security.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Institutions that have accounts with the depositary or its
nominee are referred to as "participants." Ownership of beneficial interests in
a global security will be limited to participants and to persons that may hold
beneficial interests through participants. The depositary will credit, on its
book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective principal amounts of
debt securities represented by the global security to the accounts of its
participants.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will
be shown on and effected through records maintained by the depositary, with
respect to participants' interests, or any participant, with respect to
interests of persons held by participants on their behalf.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Payments, transfers and exchanges relating to beneficial
interests in a global security will be subject to policies and procedures of the
depositary. The depositary policies and procedures may change from time to time.
Neither any trustee nor we will have any responsibility or liability for the
depositary's or any participant's records with respect to beneficial interests
in a global security.</P>
<B><P>Payment and paying agents</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement,
the provisions described in this paragraph will apply to the debt securities.
Payment of interest on a debt security on any interest payment date will be made
to the person in whose name the debt security is registered at the close of
business on the regular record date. Payment on debt securities of a particular
series will be payable at the office of a paying agent or paying agents
designated by us. However, at our option, we may pay interest by mailing a check
to the record holder. The trustee will be designated as our initial paying
agent.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may also name any other paying agents in a prospectus
supplement. We may designate additional paying agents, change paying agents or
change the office of any paying agent. However, we will be required to maintain
a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular
series.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">All moneys paid by us to a paying agent for payment on any
debt security that remain unclaimed for a period ending the earlier of:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>10 business days prior to the date the money would be
turned over to the applicable state; or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>at the end of two years after such payment was due, will
be repaid to us. </LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Thereafter, the holder may look only to us for such
payment.</P>
<B><P>No protection in the event of a change of control</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement
with respect to a particular series of debt securities, the debt securities will
not contain any provisions that may afford holders of the debt securities
protection in the event we have a change in control or in the event of a highly
leveraged transaction, whether or not such transaction results in a change in
control.</P>
<B><P>Covenants</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement,
the debt securities will not contain any financial or restrictive covenants.</P>
<B><P>Consolidation, merger and sale of assets</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement,
we may not consolidate with or merge into any other entity, in a transaction in
which we are not the surviving corporation, or convey, transfer or lease our
properties and assets substantially as an entirety to, any entity, unless:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the successor entity, if any, is a U.S. corporation,
limited liability company, partnership or trust;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the successor entity assumes our obligations on the debt
securities and under the indentures;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no
default or event of default shall have occurred and be continuing; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>certain other conditions are met.</LI></P>
</UL>

<B><P>Events of default</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement,
the following will be events of default for any series of debt securities under
the indentures:</P>
<OL>
<OL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>we fail to pay principal of or any premium on any debt
security of that series when due;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>we fail to pay any interest on any debt security of that
series for 30 days after it becomes due; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>we fail to deposit any sinking fund payment when
due;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>we fail to perform any other covenant in the indenture
and such failure continues for 90 days after we are given the notice required in
the indentures; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>certain events including our bankruptcy, insolvency or
reorganization.</LI></P></OL>
</OL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Additional or different events of default applicable to a
series of debt securities may be described in a prospectus supplement. An event
of default of one series of debt securities is not necessarily an event of
default for any other series of debt securities.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of any
default, except defaults in the payment of principal, premium, if any, interest,
any sinking fund installment on, or with respect to any conversion right of, the
debt securities of such series. However, the trustee must consider it to be in
the interest of the holders of the debt securities of such series to withhold
this notice.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement, if
an event of default, other than an event of default described in clause (5)
above, shall occur and be continuing with respect to any series of debt
securities, either the trustee or the holders of at least a 25 percent in
aggregate principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series may
declare the principal amount and premium, if any, of the debt securities of that
series, or if any debt securities of that series are original issue discount
securities, such other amount as may be specified in the applicable prospectus
supplement, in each case together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any,
thereon, to be due and payable immediately.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If an event of default described in clause (5) above shall
occur, the principal amount and premium, if any, of all the debt securities of
that series, or if any debt securities of that series are original issue
discount securities, such other amount as may be specified in the applicable
prospectus supplement, in each case together with accrued and unpaid interest,
if any, thereon, will automatically become immediately due and payable. Any
payment by us on the subordinated debt securities following any such
acceleration will be subject to the subordination provisions described below
under "Subordinated debt securities."</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">After acceleration the holders of a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the outstanding securities of that series may, under certain
circumstances, rescind and annul such acceleration if all events of default,
other than the non-payment of accelerated principal, or other specified amounts
or interest, have been cured or waived.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Other than the duty to act with the required care during an
event of default, the trustee will not be obligated to exercise any of its
rights or powers at the request of the holders unless the holders shall have
offered to the trustee reasonable indemnity. Generally, the holders of a
majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any
series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting
any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust
or power conferred on the trustee.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A holder of debt securities of any series will not have any
right to institute any proceeding under the indentures, or for the appointment
of a receiver or a trustee, or for any other remedy under the indentures,
unless:</P>
<OL>
<OL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the holder has previously given to the trustee written
notice of a continuing event of default with respect to the debt securities of
that series;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made a written
request and have offered reasonable indemnity to the trustee to institute the
proceeding; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the trustee has failed to institute the proceeding and
has not received direction inconsistent with the original request from the
holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt
securities of that series within 60 days after the original
request.</LI></P></OL>
</OL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Holders may, however, sue to enforce the payment of
principal, premium or interest on any debt security on or after the due date or
to enforce the right, if any, to convert any debt security, if the debt security
is convertible, without following the procedures listed in (1) through (3)
above.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We will furnish the trustee an annual statement by our
officers as to whether or not we are in default in the performance of the
conditions and covenants under the indenture and, if so, specifying all known
defaults.</P>
<B><P>Modification and waiver</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Unless we indicate otherwise in a prospectus supplement,
the applicable trustee and we may make modifications and amendments to an
indenture with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding securities of each series affected by the modification
or amendment.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may also make modifications and amendments to the
indentures for the benefit of holders without their consent, for certain
purposes including, but not limited to:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>providing for our successor to assume the covenants under
the indenture;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>adding covenants or events of default;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>making certain changes to facilitate the issuance of the
securities;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>securing the securities;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>providing for a successor trustee or additional
trustees;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>curing any ambiguities or inconsistencies;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>providing for guaranties of, or additional obligors on,
the securities;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>permitting or facilitating the defeasance and discharge
of the securities; and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>other changes specified in the indenture.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">However, neither the trustee nor we may make any modification
or amendment without the consent of the holder of each outstanding security of
that series affected by the modification or amendment if such modification or
amendment would:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>change the stated maturity of any debt security;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>reduce the principal, premium, if any, or interest on any
debt security or any amount payable upon redemption or repurchase, whether at
our option or the option of any holder, or reduce the amount of any sinking fund
payments;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>reduce the principal of an original issue discount
security or any other debt security payable on acceleration of
maturity;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>change the place of payment or the currency in which any
debt security is payable;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>impair the right to enforce any payment after the stated
maturity or redemption date;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if subordinated debt securities, modify the subordination
provisions in a materially adverse manner to the holders;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>adversely affect the right to convert any debt security
if the debt security is a convertible debt security; or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>change the provisions in the indenture that relate to
modifying or amending the indenture.</LI></P>
</UL>

<B><P>Satisfaction and discharge; defeasance</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may be discharged from our obligations on the debt
securities, subject to limited exceptions, of any series that have matured or
will mature or be redeemed within one year if we deposit enough money with the
trustee to pay all the principal, interest and any premium due to the stated
maturity date or redemption date of the debt securities.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Each indenture contains a provision that permits us to elect
either or both of the following:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>We may elect to be discharged from all of our
obligations, subject to limited exceptions, with respect to any series of debt
securities then outstanding. If we make this election, the holders of the debt
securities of the series will not be entitled to the benefits of the indenture,
except for the rights of holders to receive payments on debt securities or the
registration of transfer and exchange of debt securities and replacement of
lost, stolen or mutilated debt securities.</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>We may elect to be released from our obligations under
some or all of any financial or restrictive covenants applicable to the series
of debt securities to which the election relates and from the consequences of an
event of default resulting from a breach of those covenants.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">To make either of the above elections, we must irrevocably
deposit in trust with the trustee enough money to pay in full the principal,
interest and premium on the debt securities. This amount may be made in cash
and/or U.S. government obligations or, in the case of debt securities
denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars, cash in the currency in which
such series of securities is denominated and/or foreign government obligations.
As a condition to either of the above elections, for debt securities denominated
in U.S. dollars we must deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel that the
holders of the debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S.
federal income tax purposes as a result of the action.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">"foreign government obligations" means, with respect to debt
securities of any series that are denominated in a currency other than United
States dollars:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>direct obligations of the government that issued or
caused to be issued the currency in which such securities are denominated and
for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged, or,
with respect to debt securities of any series which are denominated in euros,
direct obligations of certain members of the European Union for the payment of
which obligations the full faith and credit of such members is pledged, which in
each case are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof;
or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>obligations of a person controlled or supervised by or
acting as an agency or instrumentality of a government described in the bullet
above the timely payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith
and credit obligation by such government, which are not callable or redeemable
at the option of the issuer thereof.</LI></P>
</UL>

<B><P>Notices</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Notices to holders will be given by mail to the addresses
of the holders in the security register.</P>
<B><P>Governing law</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The indentures and the debt securities will be governed
by, and construed under, the laws of the State of New York.</P>
<B><P>No personal liability of directors, officers, employees and
shareholders.</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No incorporator, shareholder, employee, agent, officer,
director or subsidiary of ours will have any liability for any obligations of
ours, or because of the creation of any indebtedness under the debt securities,
the indentures or supplemental indentures. The indentures provide that all such
liability is expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a
consideration for, the execution of such indentures and the issuance of the debt
securities.</P>
<B><P>Regarding the trustee</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The indentures limit the right of the trustee, should it
become our creditor, to obtain payment of claims or secure its claims.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The trustee will be permitted to engage in certain other
transactions with us. However, if the trustee acquires any conflicting interest,
and there is a default under the debt securities of any series for which it is
trustee, the trustee must eliminate the conflict or resign.</P>
<B><P>Subordinated debt securities</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The following provisions will be applicable with respect
to each series of subordinated debt securities, unless otherwise stated in the
prospectus supplement relating to that series of subordinated debt
securities.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The indebtedness evidenced by the subordinated debt
securities of any series is subordinated, to the extent provided in the
subordinated indenture and the applicable prospectus supplement, to the prior
payment in full, in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of senior
debt, of all senior debt, including any senior debt securities.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Upon any distribution of our assets upon any dissolution,
winding up, liquidation or reorganization, whether voluntary or involuntary,
marshalling of assets, assignment for the benefit of creditors, or in
bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or other similar proceedings, payments on
the subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to the
prior payment in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to holders of senior
debt of all senior debt.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In the event of any acceleration of the subordinated debt
securities of any series because of an event of default with respect to the
subordinated debt securities of that series, holders of any senior debt would be
entitled to payment in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to holders of
senior debt of all senior debt before the holders of subordinated debt
securities are entitled to receive any payment or distribution.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">In addition, the subordinated debt securities will be
structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our
subsidiaries, including trade payables and lease obligations. This occurs
because our right to receive any assets of our subsidiaries upon their
liquidation or reorganization, and your right to participate in those assets,
will be effectively subordinated to the claims of that subsidiary's creditors,
including trade creditors, except to the extent that we are recognized as a
creditor of such subsidiary. If we are recognized as a creditor of that
subsidiary, our claims would still be subordinate to any claims of a creditor
holding a security interest in assets of the subsidiary, to the extent of these
assets, and to any indebtedness of the subsidiary senior to us.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We are required to promptly notify holders of senior debt or
their representatives under the subordinated indenture if payment of the
subordinated debt securities is accelerated because of an event of default. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Under the subordinated indenture, we may also not make
payment on the subordinated debt securities if:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>a default in our obligations to pay principal, premium,
interest or other amounts on our senior debt occurs and the default continues
beyond any applicable grace period, which we refer to as a payment default;
or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any other default occurs and is continuing with respect
to designated senior debt that permits holders of designated senior debt to
accelerate its maturity, which we refer to as a non-payment default, and the
trustee receives a payment blockage notice from us or some other person
permitted to give the notice under the subordinated indenture.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We will resume payments on the subordinated debt
securities:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>in case of a payment default, when the default is cured
or waived or ceases to exist, and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>in case of a nonpayment default, the earlier of when the
default is cured or waived or ceases to exist or 179 days after the receipt of
the payment blockage notice,</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">unless the subordinated indenture otherwise prohibits
payments at such time.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No new payment blockage period may commence on the basis of a
nonpayment default unless 365 days have elapsed from the effectiveness of the
immediately prior payment blockage notice. No nonpayment default that existed or
was continuing on the date of delivery of any payment blockage notice to the
trustee shall be the basis for a subsequent payment blockage notice.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">As a result of these subordination provisions, in the event
of our bankruptcy, dissolution or reorganization, holders of senior debt may
receive more, ratably, and holders of the subordinated debt securities may
receive less, ratably, than our other creditors. The subordination provisions
will not prevent the occurrence of any event of default under the subordinated
indenture.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The subordination provisions will not apply to payments from
money or government obligations held in trust by the trustee for the payment of
principal, interest and premium, if any, on subordinated debt securities
pursuant to the provisions described under "--Satisfaction and discharge;
defeasance," if the subordination provisions were not violated at the time the
money or government obligations were deposited into trust.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If the trustee or any holder receives any payment that should
not have been made to them in contravention of subordination provisions before
all senior debt is paid in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to holders
of senior debt, then such payment will be held in trust for the holders of
senior debt.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Senior debt securities will constitute senior debt under the
subordinated indenture.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Additional or different subordination provisions may be
described in a prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of debt
securities.</P>
<I><P>Definitions</P>
</I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">"designated senior debt" means our obligations under any
particular senior debt in which the instrument creating or evidencing the same
or the assumption or guarantee thereof, or related agreements or documents to
which we are a party, expressly provides that such indebtedness shall be
designated senior debt for purposes of the subordinated indenture. The
instrument, agreement or other document evidencing any designated senior debt
may place limitations and conditions on the right of such senior debt to
exercise the rights of designated senior debt.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">"indebtedness" means the following, whether absolute or
contingent, secured or unsecured, due or to become due, outstanding on the date
of the indenture for such series of securities or thereafter created, incurred
or assumed:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our indebtedness evidenced by a credit or loan agreement,
note, bond, debenture or other written obligation;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all of our obligations for money borrowed;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all of our obligations evidenced by a note or similar
instrument given in connection with the acquisition of any businesses,
properties or assets of any kind;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our obligations:</LI></P>
</UL>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> &#9;as lessee under leases required to be capitalized on the
balance sheet of the lessee under generally accepted accounting principles;
or</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> &#9;as lessee under other leases for facilities, capital
equipment or related assets, whether or not capitalized, entered into or leased
for financing purposes;</P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>


<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all of our obligations under interest rate and currency
swaps, caps, floors, collars, hedge agreements, forward contracts or similar
agreements or arrangements;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all of our obligations with respect to letters of credit,
bankers' acceptances and similar facilities, including reimbursement obligations
with respect to the foregoing;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all of our obligations issued or assumed as the deferred
purchase price of property or services, but excluding trade accounts payable and
accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all obligations of the type referred to in the above
clauses of another person and all dividends of another person, the payment of
which, in either case, we have assumed or guaranteed, of for which we are
responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, jointly or severally, as obligor,
guarantor or otherwise, or which are secured by a lien on our property;
and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>renewals, extensions, modifications, replacements,
restatements and refundings of, or any indebtedness or obligation issued in
exchange for, any such indebtedness or obligation described in the above clauses
of this definition.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">"senior debt" means the principal of, premium, if any, and
interest, including all interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any
bankruptcy or similar proceeding, whether or not a claim for post-petition
interest is allowable as a claim in any such proceeding, on, and all fees and
other amounts payable in connection with, our indebtedness. Senior debt shall
not include:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any debt or obligation if its terms or the terms of the
instrument under which or pursuant to which it is issued expressly provide it
shall not be senior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities or
expressly provide that such indebtedness is on the same basis or "junior" to the
subordinated debt securities; or</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>debt to any of our subsidiaries, a majority of the voting
stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by us.</LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">"subsidiary" means an entity more than 50% of the outstanding
voting stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by us or by one or more
or our other subsidiaries or by a combination of us and our other subsidiaries.
For purposes of this definition, "voting stock" means stock or other similar
interests which ordinarily has or have voting power for the election of
directors, or persons performing similar functions, whether at all times or only
so long as no senior class of stock or other interests has or have such voting
power by reason of any contingency.</P>

<P><A NAME="warrant"></P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">
<P ALIGN="CENTER">DESCRIPTION OF THE WARRANTS</P></A>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></A>The following description, together with the
additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements,
summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer
under this prospectus and the related warrant agreements and warrant
certificates. While the terms summarized below will apply generally to any
warrants that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any series
of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we
indicate in the prospectus supplement, the terms of any warrants offered under
that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Specific
warrant agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and
will be incorporated by reference as an exhibit to the registration statement
that includes this prospectus or as an exhibit to a current report on
Form&nbsp;8-K. </P>
<B><P>General</B> </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the
terms of the series of warrants, including: </P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the offering price and aggregate number of warrants
offered; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the currency for which the warrants may be purchased;
</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if applicable, the designation and terms of the
securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued
with each such security or each principal amount of such security; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants
and the related securities will be separately transferable; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the
principal amount of debt securities purchasable upon exercise of one warrant and
the price at, and currency in which, this principal amount of debt securities
may be purchased upon such exercise; </LI></P>
</FONT><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI><A NAME="page_di1922_1_23"></A><FONT SIZE=2>in the
case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of
shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon
the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased
upon such exercise; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other
disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the
exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants
will commence and expire; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants
may be modified; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising
the warrants; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the
warrants; and </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any other specific terms, preferences, rights or
limitations of or restrictions on the warrants. </LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will
not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such
exercise, including: </P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>in the case of warrants to purchase debt securities, the
right to receive payments of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on,
the debt securities purchasable upon exercise or to enforce covenants in the
applicable indenture; or </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or
preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our
liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.
</LI></P>
</UL>

<B><P>Exercise of Warrants</B> </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the
securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the
exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless
we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the
warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to 5:00&nbsp;P.M. New York
time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus
supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised
warrants will become void. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by
delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised
together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the
warrant agent in immediately available funds (unless the warrant provides for
net share settlement), as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We
will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the
applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant
will be required to deliver to the warrant agent. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Upon receipt of the required payment in the event the warrant
is exercisable for cash and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly
executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office
indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the
securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants
represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new
warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in
the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender
securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants. </P>
<B><P>Enforceability of Rights by Holders of
Warrants</B> </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Each warrant agent will act solely as our agent under the
applicable warrant agreement and will not assume any obligation or relationship
of agency or trust with any holder of any warrant. A single bank or trust
company may act as warrant agent for more than one issue of warrants. A warrant
agent will have no duty or responsibility in case of any default by us under the
applicable warrant agreement or warrant, including any duty or responsibility to
initiate any proceedings at law or otherwise, or to make any demand upon us. Any
holder of a warrant may, without the consent of the related warrant agent or the
holder of any other warrant, enforce by appropriate legal action its right to
exercise, and receive the securities purchasable upon exercise of, its
warrants.</P>

<P><A NAME="plan"></P>
<B>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</P></A>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may sell shares of our common stock, shares of our
preferred stock, debt securities and warrants through underwriters, agents,
dealers or directly to one or more purchasers. We may distribute these
securities from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or
prices, at market prices prevailing at the times of sale, at prices related to
these prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. Any such price may be
changed from time to time. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The prospectus supplement for the securities we sell will
describe that offering, including: </P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the name or names of any underwriters, if any; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we
will receive from the sale; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any over-allotment options under which underwriters may
purchase additional securities from us; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any agency fees or underwriting discounts and other items
constituting agents' or underwriters' compensation; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any initial public offering price; </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid
to dealers; and </LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>any securities exchange or market on which the securities
may be listed. </LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Only underwriters named in the prospectus supplement are
underwriters of the securities offered by the prospectus supplement. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may determine the price or other terms of the securities
offered under this prospectus by use of an electronic auction. We will describe
how any auction will determine the price or any other terms, how potential
investors may participate in the auction and the nature of the underwriters',
dealers' or agents' obligations in the related supplement to this
prospectus.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the
securities for their own account and may resell them from time to time in one or
more transactions at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices
determined at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase
the securities will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable
underwriting agreement. We may offer the securities to the public through
underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters
without a syndicate. Subject to certain conditions, the underwriters will be
obligated to purchase all the securities of the series offered by the prospectus
supplement. Any public offering price <A NAME="page_dk1922_1_28"></A>and any
discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may change from
time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship.
We will describe in the prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter, the
nature of any such relationship. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may sell securities directly or through agents we
designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and
sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in
the prospectus supplement. Unless the prospectus supplement states otherwise,
our agent will act on a best-efforts basis for the period of its appointment.
</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by
certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the
public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed
delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the
future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions
we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus
supplement.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We may provide agents and underwriters with indemnification
against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities
Act, or contribution with respect to payments that the agents or underwriters
may make with respect to such liabilities. Agents and underwriters may engage in
transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of
business. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">All securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new
issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters may
make a market in these securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may
discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot guarantee
the liquidity of the trading markets for any securities. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing
transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with
Regulation&nbsp;M under the Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess
of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions
permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids
do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchases
of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to
cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling
concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are
purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities
may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be.
If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any
time. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on The
Nasdaq National Market may engage in passive market making transactions in the
securities on The Nasdaq National Market in accordance with Rule&nbsp;103 of
Regulation&nbsp;M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering,
before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities. Passive market
makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be
identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must
display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such
security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker's
bid, however, the passive market maker's bid must then be lowered when certain
purchase limits are exceeded.</P>

<P><A NAME="legal"></P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">LEGAL MATTERS</P></A>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The validity of the securities offered hereby will be
passed upon by Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich &amp; Rosati, Professional Corporation,
Palo Alto, California, counsel to 8x8, Inc. </P>


<B><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="experts">EXPERTS</A></P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The consolidated financial statements incorporated in
this registration statement by reference to the Current Report on Form 8-K of
8x8, Inc. dated  March 31, 2004, have been so incorporated in
reliance on the report
of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and
accounting. </P>

<P><A NAME="more"></P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</P></A>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">We file reports, proxy statements and other information
with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the
Exchange Act. You may read and copy our reports, proxy statements and other
information filed by us at the public reference room of the SEC in Washington,
D.C. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about the
public reference rooms. Our reports, proxy statements and other information
filed with the SEC are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC's
website at http://<U>www.sec.gov</U> and through a hyperlink on our Internet
website at <U>http://www.8x8.com</U>.</P>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" certain
information we file with them, which means that we can disclose important
information by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by
reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and information that we
file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this
information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any
future filings made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act until our offering is complete:</P>

<UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March
31, 2003, excluding the consolidated financial statements, filed with the SEC on May 29, 2003;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on June 19, 2003
in connection with our 2003 Annual Meeting of Stockholders;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly
period ended June 30, 2003, filed with the SEC on July 25, 2003;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly
period ended September 30, 2003, filed with the SEC on October 30,
2003;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Quarterly Report on form 10Q for the quarterly period
ended December 31, 2003, filed with the SEC on January 29, 2004;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on
July 31, 2003;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on
November 13, 2003;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on
November 19, 2003;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on
January 29, 2004;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>our Current Report on Form 8-K, including the consolidated financial statements, filed with the SEC on
March 31, 2004;</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>the description of our common stock in our registration
statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on November 21, 1996, including any
amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description;
and</LI></P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><LI>all documents that we file with the SEC under Sections
13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15 of the Exchange Act until all of the securities that we
may offer with this prospectus are sold. </LI></P>
</UL>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by
telephoning us at (408) 722-1885 or by writing us at the following
address:</P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Investor Relations<BR>
                   8X8, Inc.<BR>
                   2445 Mission College Blvd.<BR>
                   Santa Clara, CA 95054</P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">Part II</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">Information Not Required in the Prospectus</P>

<P>Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The aggregate estimated (other than the registration fee)
expenses to be paid in connection with the offering are as set forth below. All
of the amounts shown are estimates except the SEC registration fee. </P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER"><CENTER><TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=481>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Securities and Exchange Commission registration
fee&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">$          6,335</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Legal fees and expenses&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">&#9;10,000</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Accounting fees and expenses&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">&#9;10,000</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Trustee's fees and expenses&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">&#9;(1)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Nasdaq National Market Listing fee&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">&#9;(1)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Transfer agent fees and expenses&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">&#9;(1)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Miscellaneous expenses&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">&#9;5,000</U></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="71%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Total&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="29%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">$          31,335</U></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</CENTER></P>

<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(1) To be provided by amendment or as an exhibit
to a filing with the SEC pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, and incorporated herein by reference. </P>
<B><P>Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers </P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">As permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law, the Registrant's Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation, includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of
its directors for monetary damages for breach or alleged breach of their duty of
care. In addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law, Article VI of the Bylaws of the Registrant provides that: (i)
the Registrant is required to indemnify its directors and officers and persons
serving in such capacities in other business enterprises (including, for
example, subsidiaries of the Registrant) at the Registrant's request, to the
fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including in those circumstances in
which indemnification would otherwise be discretionary; (ii) the Registrant may,
in its discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where
indemnification is not required by law; (iii) the Registrant is required to
advance expenses, as incurred, to its directors and officers in connection with
defending a proceeding (except that it is not required to advance expenses to a
person against whom the Registrant brings a claim for breach of the duty of
loyalty, failure to act in good faith, intentional misconduct, knowing violation
of law or deriving an improper personal benefit); (iv) the rights conferred in
the Bylaws are not exclusive, and the Registrant is authorized to enter into
indemnification agreements with its directors, officers and employees; and (v)
the Registrant may not retroactively amend the Bylaw provisions in a way that is
adverse to such directors, officers and employees. </P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The Registrant's policy is to enter into an indemnification
agreement having the form filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Registration Statement No.
333-15627 with each of its directors and executive officers, that provide the
maximum indemnity allowed to directors and officers by Section 145 of the
Delaware General Corporation Law and the Bylaws, as well as certain additional
procedural protections. In addition, the indemnification agreements provide that
directors and officers will be indemnified to the fullest possible extent not
prohibited by law against all expenses (including attorney's fees) and
settlement amounts paid or incurred by them in any action or proceeding,
including any action by or in the right of the Registrant, arising out of such
person's services as a director or officer of the Registrant, any subsidiary of
the Registrant or any other company or enterprise to which such person provides
services at the request of the Registrant. The Registrant will not be obligated
pursuant to the indemnification agreements to indemnify or advance expenses to
an indemnified party with respect to proceedings or claims initiated by the
indemnified party and not by way of defense, except with respect to proceedings
specifically authorized by the Board of Directors or brought to enforce a right
to indemnification under the indemnification agreement, the Registrant's Bylaws
or any statute or law. Under the agreements, the Registrant is not obligated to
indemnify the indemnified party: </P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>(a) if a court of competent jurisdiction, by final judgment or decree, shall
determine that (i) the claim or claims in respect of which indemnity is sought
arise from an indemnitee's fraudulent, dishonest or willful misconduct, or (ii)
such indemnity is not permitted under applicable law; or </P>
<P>(b) on account of any suit in which judgment is rendered for an accounting of
profits made from the purchase or sale by an indemnitee of securities of the
Registrant in violation of the provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and amendments thereto or similar provisions of any
federal, state or local statutory law; or </P>
<P>(c) for any acts or omissions or transactions from which a director may not
be relieved or liability under the Delaware General Corporation Law; or </P>
<P>(d) with respect to proceedings or claims initiated or brought voluntarily by
an indemnitee and not by way of defense, except (i) with respect to proceedings
brought in good faith to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under
the indemnification agreement or any other statute or law, or (ii) at the
Registrant's discretion, in specific cases if the Board of Directors of the
Registrant has approved the initiation or bringing of such suit; or </P>
<P>(e) for expenses or liabilities of any type whatsoever (including, but not
limited to, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties, and amounts paid
in settlement) which have been paid directly to an indemnitee by an insurance
carrier under a policy of directors' and officers' liability insurance
maintained by the Registrant; or </P>
<P>(f) on account of any suit brought against an indemnitee for misuse or
misappropriation of non-public information, or otherwise involving indemnitee's
status as an insider of the Registrant, in connection with any purchase or sale
by an indemnitee of securities of the Registrant. </P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The indemnification provisions in the Bylaws and the
indemnification agreements entered into between the Registrant and its directors
and officers may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the
Registrant's directors and officers for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act of 1933. </P>
<B><P>Item 16. Exhibits</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated
by reference herein:</P></FONT>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=662>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">Exhibit<BR>
<U>Number</B></U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><U><FONT SIZE=1><P>Exhibit Title</B></U></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>3.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation. (1)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>3.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Amended Bylaws. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Certificate of Designation.
*</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate.
*</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.3</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Senior Debt Indenture.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.4</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Subordinated Debt Indenture.
</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.5</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Senior Debt Security (included in
Exhibit 4.3).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.6</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Subordinated Debt Security (included in
Exhibit 4.4).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.7</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Depositary Agreement. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.8</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit
4.7). *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.9</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Warrant Agreement. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.10</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Warrant Certificate (included in Exhibit
4.9). *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>5.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &amp; Rosati,
Professional Corporation. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>12.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Statement Regarding the Computation of Ratio of
Earnings to Fixed Charges.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>23.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP,
Independent Accountants.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>23.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Consent of Counsel (included in Exhibit 5.1).
*</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>24.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Power of Attorney (included in execution page to
this Registration Statement).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>25.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Trustee of
Senior Indenture Under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>25.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Trustee of
Subordinated Indenture Under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;</P><DIR>

</U><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(*)&#9;To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a
current report of the registrant on Form&nbsp;8-K and incorporated herein by
reference.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(1)&#9;Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the
Registrant's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended
September 30, 2001.</P></DIR>

<B><P>Item 17. Undertakings</P><DIR>

</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(a)&#9;The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
</P><DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(1)&#9;To file, during any period in which offers or sales
are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration
Statement:</P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;(i)&#9;To include any prospectus required by Section
10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;(ii)&#9;To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events
arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most
recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the
aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the
registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease
in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered
would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or
high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of
prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the
changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum
aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee"
table in the effective registration statement; and</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;(iii)&#9;To include any material information with respect
to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration
statement or any material change to such information in the registration
statement;</P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<I><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">provided, however</I>, that the undertakings set forth in
clauses (i) and (ii) above shall not apply if the information required to be
included in a post-effective amendment by these clauses is contained in periodic
reports filed by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the
Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration
statement.</P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(2)&#9;That, for the purpose of determining any liability
under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to
be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and
the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(3)&#9;To remove from registration by means of a post-
effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold
at the termination of the offering.</P></DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(b)&#9;The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for
purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of
the registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the
Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of our employee benefit plan's
annual report pursuant to Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is
incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(c)&#9;Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise,
the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities, (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses
incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant
in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding), is asserted by
such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the
matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by
the final adjudication of such issue.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(d)&#9;The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to file
an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to
act under subsection (a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance
with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section 305(b)(2) of
the Trust Indenture Act. </P></DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">Signatures</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of
1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it
meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this
registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized, in the City of Santa Clara, State of California, on April 1,
2004.</P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">8X8, INC.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">By: <U>/s/ Bryan R. Martin&#9;<BR>
</U>                   &#9;Bryan R. Martin<BR>
                   &#9;Chairman &amp; Chief Executive Officer</P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">Power of Attorney</P>
</B><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and
appoints Bryan R. Martin and James Sullivan, and each of them, as his attorney-
in-fact, each with the power of substitution, in any and all capacities, to sign
any amendment to this Registration Statement, including any registration
statement pursuant to Rule 462 under the Securities Act, and to file the same,
with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting to same attorneys-in-fact, and each
of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all
intents and purposes they might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact or any of them, or their, his or her
substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated:</P></FONT>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=656>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Signature</B></U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Title</B></U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<B><U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Date</B></U></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">/s/ Bryan R. Martin&#9;&#9;</U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">April 1, 2004</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;Bryan R. Martin</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">/s/ James Sullivan&#9;&#9;</U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Chief Financial Officer, Vice President, Finance and
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">April 1, 2004</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;James Sullivan</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Secretary (Principal Financial and Accounting
Officer)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">/s/ Barry Andrews&#9;&#9;</U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>President and Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">April 1, 2004</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;Barry Andrews</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">/s/ Guy L. Hecker,
Jr.&#9;&#9;</U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">April 1, 2004</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;Guy L. Hecker, Jr.</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">/s/ Christopher
McNiffe&#9;&#9;</U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">April 1, 2004</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;Christopher McNiffe</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">/s/ Donn Wilson&#9;&#9;</U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Director</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">April 1, 2004</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="36%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;Donn Wilson</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="46%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<P>&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Exhibit Index</P></B></FONT>
<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=662>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=1><P ALIGN="CENTER">Exhibit<BR>
<U>Number</B></U></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><U><FONT SIZE=1><P>Exhibit Title</B></U></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>3.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation. (1)</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>3.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Amended Bylaws.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Certificate of Designation.
*</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Preferred Stock Certificate.
*</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.3</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Senior Debt Indenture.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.4</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Subordinated Debt Indenture.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.5</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Senior Debt Security (included in
Exhibit 4.3).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.6</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Subordinated Debt Security (included in
Exhibit 4.4).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.7</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Depositary Agreement. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.8</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit
4.7). *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.9</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Warrant Agreement. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>4.10</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form of Warrant Certificate (included in Exhibit
4.9). *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>5.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich &amp; Rosati,
Professional Corporation. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>12.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Statement Regarding the Computation of Ratio of
Earnings to Fixed Charges.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>23.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP,
Independent Accountants.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>23.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Consent of Counsel (included in Exhibit 5.1).
*</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>24.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Power of Attorney (included in execution page to
this Registration Statement).</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>25.1</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Trustee of
Senior Indenture Under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="11%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>25.2</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="89%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility for Trustee of
Subordinated Indenture Under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939. *</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<U><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&#9;</P><DIR>

</U><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(*)&#9;To be filed by amendment or as an exhibit to a
current report of the registrant on Form&nbsp;8-K and incorporated herein by
reference.</P>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">(1)&#9;Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the
Registrant's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended
September 30, 2001.</P></DIR>
</FONT>


<br>
<br>
<HR align=center SIZE=2 width="85%">
<br>
<br>

</BODY>
</HTML>

</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-3.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>exh3-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>AMENDED BY-LAWS
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>04012004 S3 Exhibit 3.2</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
<font FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">


<P ALIGN="CENTER">&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;Exhibit 3.2
&#9;</P>
<U>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">BY-LAWS<BR>
<BR>
OF<BR>
<BR>
8x8, Inc.<BR>
<BR>
</U>(A Delaware Corporation)</P>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">TABLE OF CONTENTS</P>
<U><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Page</P></B></U>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<P>ARTICLE I CORPORATE OFFICES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382931">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>1.1&#9;REGISTERED OFFICE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382932">*</A></P>
<P>1.2&#9;OTHER OFFICES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382933">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE II MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382934">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>2.1&#9;PLACE OF MEETINGS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382935">*</A></P>
<P>2.2&#9;ANNUAL MEETING&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382936">*</A></P>
<P>2.3&#9;SPECIAL MEETING&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382937">*</A></P>
<P>2.4&#9;NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382938">*</A></P>
<P>2.5&#9;MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382939">*</A></P>
<P>2.6&#9;QUORUM&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382940">*</A></P>
<P>2.7&#9;ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382941">*</A></P>
<P>2.8&#9;CONDUCT OF BUSINESS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382942">*</A></P>
<P>2.9&#9;VOTING&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382943">*</A></P>
<P>2.10&#9;WAIVER OF NOTICE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382944">*</A></P>
<P>2.11&#9;STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382945">*</A></P>
<P>2.12&#9;RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382946">*</A></P>
<P>2.13&#9;PROXIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382947">*</A></P>
<P>2.14&#9;LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382948">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE III DIRECTORS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382949">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>3.1&#9;POWERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382950">*</A></P>
<P>3.2&#9;NUMBER OF DIRECTORS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382951">*</A></P>
<P>3.3&#9;ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382952">*</A></P>
<P>3.4&#9;RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382953">*</A></P>
<P>3.5&#9;PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382954">*</A></P>
<P>3.6&#9;REGULAR MEETINGS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382955">*</A></P>
<P>3.7&#9;SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382956">*</A></P>
<P>3.8&#9;QUORUM&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382957">*</A></P>
<P>3.9&#9;WAIVER OF NOTICE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382958">*</A></P>
<P>3.10&#9;BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382959">*</A></P>
<P>3.11&#9;FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382960">*</A></P>
<P>3.12&#9;APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382961">*</A></P>
<P>3.13&#9;REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382962">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE IV COMMITTEES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382963">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>4.1&#9;COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382964">*</A></P>
<P>4.2&#9;COMMITTEE MINUTES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382965">*</A></P>
<P>4.3&#9;MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382966">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE V OFFICERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382967">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>5.1&#9;OFFICERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382968">*</A></P>
<P>5.2&#9;APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382969">*</A></P>
<P>5.3&#9;SUBORDINATE OFFICERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382970">*</A></P>
<P>5.4&#9;REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382971">*</A></P>
<P>5.5&#9;VACANCIES IN OFFICES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382972">*</A></P>
<P>5.6&#9;CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382973">*</A></P>
<P>5.7&#9;PRESIDENT&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382974">*</A></P>
<P>5.8&#9;VICE PRESIDENTS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382975">*</A></P>
<P>5.9&#9;SECRETARY&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382976">*</A></P>
<P>5.10&#9;CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382977">*</A></P>
<P>5.11&#9;ASSISTANT SECRETARY&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382978">*</A></P>
<P>5.12&#9;ASSISTANT TREASURER&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382979">*</A></P>
<P>5.13&#9;REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382980">*</A></P>
<P>5.14&#9;AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382981">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE VI INDEMNITY&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382982">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>6.1&#9;INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382983">*</A></P>
<P>6.2&#9;INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382984">*</A></P>
<P>6.3&#9;INSURANCE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382985">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE VII RECORDS AND REPORTS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382986">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>7.1&#9;MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382987">*</A></P>
<P>7.2&#9;INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382988">*</A></P>
<P>7.3&#9;ANNUAL STATEMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382989">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE VIII GENERAL MATTERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382990">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>

<P>8.1&#9;CHECKS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382991">*</A></P>
<P>8.2&#9;EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382992">*</A></P>
<P>8.3&#9;STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382993">*</A></P>
<P>8.4&#9;SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc18382994">*</A></P>
<P>8.5&#9;LOST CERTIFICATES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382995">*</A></P>
<P>8.6&#9;CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382996">*</A></P>
<P>8.7&#9;DIVIDENDS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382997">*</A></P>
<P>8.8&#9;FISCAL YEAR&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382998">*</A></P>
<P>8.9&#9;SEAL&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18382999">*</A></P>
<P>8.10&#9;TRANSFER OF STOCK&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18383000">*</A></P>
<P>8.11&#9;STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18383001">*</A></P>
<P>8.12&#9;REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18383002">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc18383003">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>


<U><P ALIGN="CENTER">BY-LAWS</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">OF</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">8x8, Inc.</P></U>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE I<BR>
<BR>
<U><A NAME="_Toc18382931">CORPORATE OFFICES</A></P></U>

<DIR>
<P>1.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<U><A NAME="_Toc18382932">REGISTERED OFFICE</A>
</U><P>The registered office of the corporation shall be in the City of
Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The name of the registered
agent of the corporation at such location is The Corporation Trust Company.</P>

<P>1.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382933"><U>OTHER OFFICES</A></P>

</U><P>The Board of Directors may at any time establish other offices at any
place or places where the corporation is qualified to do business.</P>
</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE II<BR>
<BR>
<U><A NAME="_Toc18382934">MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS</A></P></U>

<DIR>
<P>2.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<U><A NAME="_Toc18382935">PLACE OF MEETINGS</A></P>
</U><P>Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside
the State of Delaware, designated by the Board of Directors. In the absence of
any such designation, stockholders' meetings shall be held at the registered
office of the corporation.</P>

<P>2.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<U><A NAME="_Toc18382936">ANNUAL MEETING</A></P></U>
<OL TYPE="a">

<LI>The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date and
at a time designated by the Board of Directors. At the meeting, directors shall
be elected and any other proper business may be transacted.</LI>
<LI>At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be properly
brought before an annual meeting, business must be: (A)&nbsp;specified in the
notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of
the Board of Directors, (B)&nbsp;otherwise properly brought before the meeting
by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (C)&nbsp;otherwise properly
brought before the meeting by a stockholder. For business to be properly brought
before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given
timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be
timely, such stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by
the Secretary of the corporation not less than ninety (90) days prior to the
meeting; provided, however, that in the event that less than one-hundred (100)
days notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or
made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received
not later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which
such notice of the date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was
made. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as to each matter
the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (i)&nbsp;a brief
description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and
the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii)&nbsp;the
name and address, as they appear on the corporation's books, of the stockholder
proposing such business, (iii)&nbsp;the class and number of shares of the
corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder, (iv)&nbsp;any
material interest of the stockholder in such business and (v)&nbsp;any other
information that is required to be provided by the stockholder pursuant to
Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934
Act"), in such stockholder's capacity as a proponent to a stockholder proposal.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in order to include information with respect to a
stockholder proposal in the proxy statement and form of proxy for a
stockholder's meeting, stockholders must provide notice as required by the
regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act. Notwithstanding anything in these
Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at any annual meeting
except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this paragraph&nbsp;(b).
The chairman of the annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and
declare at the meeting that business was not properly brought before the meeting
and in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph&nbsp;(b), and, if he
should so determine, he shall so declare at the meeting that any such business
not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.</LI>
<LI>Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this paragraph&nbsp;(c) shall be eligible for election as Directors.
Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation
may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at the direction of the Board of
Directors or by any stockholder of the corporation entitled to vote in the
election of Directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set
forth in this paragraph&nbsp;(c). Such nominations, other than those made by or
at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely
notice in writing to the Secretary of the corporation in accordance with the
provisions of paragraph&nbsp;(b) of this Section&nbsp;2.2. Such stockholder's
notice shall set forth (i)&nbsp;as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder
proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a Director: (A)&nbsp;the
name, age, business address and residence address of such person, (B)&nbsp;the
principal occupation or employment of such person, (C)&nbsp;the class and number
of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by such person,
(D)&nbsp;a description of all arrangements or understandings between the
stockholder and each nominee and any other person or persons (naming such person
or persons) pursuant to which the nominations are to be made by the stockholder,
and (E)&nbsp;any other information relating to such person that is required to
be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for elections of Directors, or is
otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act
(including without limitation such person's written consent to being named in
the proxy statement, if any, as a nominee and to serving as a Director if
elected); and (ii)&nbsp;as to such stockholder giving notice, the information
required to be provided pursuant to paragraph&nbsp;(b) of this Section&nbsp;2.2.
At the request of the Board of Directors, any person nominated by a stockholder
for election as a Director shall furnish to the Secretary of the corporation
that information required to be set forth in the stockholder's notice of
nomination which pertains to the nominee. No person shall be eligible for
election as a Director of the corporation unless nominated in accordance with
the procedures set forth in this paragraph&nbsp;(c). The chairman of the meeting
shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that a
nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these
Bylaws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare at the meeting, and
the defective nomination shall be disregarded.</LI></OL>

<P>2.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<U><A NAME="_Toc18382937">SPECIAL MEETING</A></P>
</U><P>A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the
Board, the Chairman of the Board, chief executive officer or president (in the
absence of a chief executive officer) or by stockholders holding shares in the
aggregate a majority of votes then outstanding.</P>
<P>If a special meeting is called by any person or persons other than the Board
of Directors, the request shall be in writing, specifying the time of such
meeting and the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and
shall be delivered personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or
other facsimile transmission to the Chairman of the Board, the President, Chief
Executive Officer, or the Secretary of the corporation. No business may be
transacted at such special meeting except for such business as may properly be
brought before the stockholders and that is specified in such notice. The
officer receiving the request shall cause notice to be promptly given to the
stockholders entitled to vote, in accordance with the provisions of
Sections&nbsp;2.4 and 2.5, that a meeting will be held at the time requested by
the person or persons who called the meeting, not less than thirty-five (35) nor
more than sixty (60) days after the receipt of the request. If the notice is not
given within twenty (20) days after the receipt of the request, the person or
persons requesting the meeting may give the notice. Nothing contained in this
paragraph of this Section&nbsp;2.3 shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or
affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the Board
of Directors may be held.</P>

<P>2.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382938"><U>NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS</A></P>
</U><P>Except as set forth in Section&nbsp;2.3, all notices of meetings of
stockholders shall be in writing and sent or otherwise given in accordance with
Section&nbsp;2.5 of these bylaws not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60)
days before the date of the meeting. The notice shall specify the place, date,
and hour of the meeting and (i)&nbsp;in the case of a special meeting, the
general nature of the business to be transacted (no business other than that
specified in the notice may be transacted) or (ii)&nbsp;in the case of the
annual meeting, those matters which the Board of Directors, at the time of
giving the notice, intends to present for action by the stockholders (but any
proper matter may be presented at the meeting for such action). The notice of
any meeting at which directors are to be elected shall include the name of any
nominee or nominees who, at the time of the notice, the board intends to present
for election.</P>

<P>2.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382939"><U>MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF
NOTICE</A></P>
</U><P>Written notice of any meeting of stockholders shall be given either
personally or by first-class mail or by facsimile, telegraphic or other written
communication. Notices not personally delivered shall be sent charges prepaid
and shall be addressed to the stockholder at the address of that stockholder
appearing on the books of the corporation or given by the shareholder to the
corporation for the purpose of notice. If no such address appears on the
corporation's books or is given, notice shall be deemed to have been given if
sent to that stockholder by mail or telegraphic or other written communication
to the corporation's principal executive office, or if published at least once
in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where that office is
located. Notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time when delivered
personally or deposited in the mail or sent by telegram or other means of
written communication.</P>
<P>If any notice addressed to a stockholder at the address of that stockholder
appearing on the books of the corporation is returned to the corporation by the
United States Postal Service marked to indicate that the United States Postal
Service is unable to deliver the notice to the stockholder at that address, then
all future notices or reports shall be deemed to have been duly given without
further mailing if the same shall be available to the stockholder on written
demand of the stockholder at the principal executive office of the corporation
for a period of one (1) year from the date of the giving of the notice.</P>
<P>An affidavit of the mailing or other means of giving any notice of any
stockholders' meeting, executed by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary or any
transfer agent of the corporation giving the notice, shall be prima facie
evidence of the giving of such notice.</P>

<P>2.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382940"><U>QUORUM</A></P>
</U><P>The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and
entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall
constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of
business except as otherwise provided by statute, by the certificate of
incorporation. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any
meeting of the stockholders, then either (i)&nbsp;the Chairman of the meeting or
(ii)&nbsp;the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or
represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time,
without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present
or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or
represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at
the meeting as originally noticed.</P>

<P>2.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382941"><U>ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE</A></P>
</U><P>When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these
by-laws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the
time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken. At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business that
might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for
more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is
fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be
given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.</P>

<P>2.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382942"><U>CONDUCT OF BUSINESS</A></P>
</U><P>The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of
business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the
manner of voting and the conduct of business.</P>

<P>2.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382943"><U>VOTING</A></P>
</U><P>The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be
determined in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;2.12 of these
by-laws, subject to the provisions of Sections&nbsp;217 and 218 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors
and joint owners of stock and to voting trusts and other voting agreements).</P>
<P>Except as may be otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each
stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held
by such stockholder.</P>

<P>2.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382944"><U>WAIVER OF NOTICE</A></P>
</U><P>Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or
these by-laws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to
notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for
the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any
regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written
waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws.</P>

<P>2.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382945"><U>STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A
MEETING</A></P>
</U><P>Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action
required by this chapter to be taken at any annual or special meeting of
stockholders of a corporation, or any action that may be taken at any annual or
special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without
prior notice, and without a vote if a consent in writing, setting forth the
action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less
than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take
such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were
present and voted.</P>
<P>Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less
than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not
consented in writing. If the action which is consented to is such as would have
required the filing of a certificate under any section of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware if such action had been voted on by stockholders at
a meeting thereof, then the certificate filed under such section shall state, in
lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of
stockholders, that written notice and written consent have been given as
provided in Section&nbsp;228 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.</P>

<P>2.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382946"><A NAME="here"></A><U>RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER
NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS</A></P>
</U><P>In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof,
or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting,
or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or
allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful
action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall
not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such
meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.</P>

<P>If the Board of Directors does not so fix a record date:</P><OL START=0>

<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to
vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day
next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the
close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is
held.</LI>
<LI>The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to
corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board
of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent
is expressed.</LI>
<LI>The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be
at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the
resolution relating thereto.</LI></OL>
</OL>

<P>A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at
a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting;
provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the
adjourned meeting.</P>

<P>2.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382947"><U>PROXIES</A></P>
</U><P>Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to
express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may
authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by a written
proxy, signed by the stockholder and filed with the Secretary of the
corporation, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3)
years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy
shall be deemed signed if the stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether
by manual signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the
stockholder or the stockholder's attorney-in-fact. The revocability of a proxy
that states on its face that it is irrevocable shall be governed by the
provisions of Section&nbsp;212(e) of the General Corporation Law of
Delaware.</P>

<P>2.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382948"><U>LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO
VOTE</A></P>

</U><P>The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number
of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held,
which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be
produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. Such list shall
presumptively determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the
meeting and the number of shares held by each of them.</P>

</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE III<BR>
<BR>
<U><A NAME="_Toc18382949">DIRECTORS</A></P></U>

<DIR>
<P>3.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382950"><U>POWERS</A></P>
</U><P>Subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and
any limitations in the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws relating to
action required to be approved by the stockholders or by the outstanding shares,
the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed and all corporate
powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board of
Directors.</P>

<P>3.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382951"><U>NUMBER OF DIRECTORS</A></P>
</U><P>The number of directors which constitute the whole Board of Directors
shall be fixed exclusively by one or more resolutions adopted from time to time
by the Board of Directors.</P>
<P>No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of
removing any director before that director's term of office expires.</P>

<P>3.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382952"><U>ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF
DIRECTORS</A></P>
</U><P>Except as provided in Section&nbsp;3.4 of these by-laws, the certificate
of incorporation, directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of
stockholders to hold office until the next annual meeting. Directors need not be
stockholders unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws, wherein other qualifications for directors may be prescribed. Each
director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy, shall hold office
until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier
resignation or removal.</P>
<P>Elections of directors need not be by written ballot.</P>

<P>3.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382953"><U>RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES</A></P>
</U><P>Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the attention
of the Secretary of the corporation. Subject to the provisions of the
certificate of incorporation, when one or more directors so resigns and the
resignation is effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in
office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such
vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or
resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold
office as provided in this section in the filling of other vacancies.</P>
<P>Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws;</P><OL START=0>

<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the
authorized number of directors elected by all of the stockholders having the
right to vote as a single class may be filled by a majority of the directors
then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining
director.</LI>
<LI>Whenever the holders of any class or classes of stock or series thereof are
entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the certificate of
incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships of such class or
classes or series may be filled by a majority of the directors elected by such
class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining
director so elected.</LI></OL>
</OL>

<P>If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the
corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer or any
stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a stockholder,
or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate
of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders in accordance with
the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, or may
apply to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election as
provided in Section&nbsp;211 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.</P>
<P>If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the
directors then in office constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as
constituted immediately prior to any such increase), then the Court of Chancery
may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten
(10) percent of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having
the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to
fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the
directors chosen by the directors then in office as aforesaid, which election
shall be governed by the provisions of Section&nbsp;211 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware as far as applicable.</P>

<P>3.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382954"><U>PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE</A></P>
</U><P>The Board of Directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both regular
and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.</P>
<P>Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the
Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or
any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications
equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in
person at the meeting.</P>

<P>3.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382955"><U>REGULAR MEETINGS</A></P>
</U><P>Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at
such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the
board.</P>

<P>3.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382956"><U>SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE</A></P>
</U><P>Special meetings of the Board of Directors for any purpose or purposes
may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice
President, the Secretary or any one director.</P>
<P>Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered
personally or by telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail or
telegram, charges prepaid, addressed to each director at that director's address
as it is shown on the records of the corporation. If the notice is mailed, it
shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the
time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is delivered personally or by
telephone or by telegram, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or to
the telegraph company at least forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the
holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be
communicated either to the director or to a person at the office of the director
who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate
it to the director. The notice need not specify the purpose or the place of the
meeting, if the meeting is to be held at the principal executive office of the
corporation.</P>

<P>3.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382957"><U>QUORUM</A></P>
</U><P>At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the authorized
number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business
and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there
is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be
otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the certificate of
incorporation. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time
to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
is present.</P>
<P>A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact
business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is
approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.</P>

<P>3.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382958"><U>WAIVER OF NOTICE</A></P>
</U><P>Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the
General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or
these by-laws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to
notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for
the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any
regular or special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee of
directors, need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required
by the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws.</P>

<P>3.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382959"><U>BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A
MEETING</A></P>
</U><P>Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the
Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting
if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in
writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of
the board or committee.</P>

<P>3.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382960"><U>FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS</A></P>
</U><P>Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these
by-laws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation
of directors.</P>

<P>3.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382961"><U>APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS</A></P>
</U><P>The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or
otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its
subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the
corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such
loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the
corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without
interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the Board of
Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of
stock of the corporation. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to
deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at
common law or under any statute.</P>

<P>3.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382962"><U>REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS</A></P>
</U><P>Unless otherwise restricted by statute, and except as otherwise provided
by the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, any director or the entire
Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a
majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors;
provided, however, that, so long as stockholders of the corporation are entitled
to cumulative voting, if less than the entire board is to be removed, no
director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against his or her
removal would be sufficient to elect such director if then cumulatively voted at
an election of the entire Board of Directors.</P>
<P>No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of
removing any director prior to the expiration of such director's term of
office.</P>
</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE IV<BR>
<BR>
<U><A NAME="_Toc18382963">COMMITTEES</A></P></U>

<DIR>
<P>4.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382964"><U>COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS</A></P>
</U><P>The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the
whole board, designate one or more committees, with each committee to consist of
one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or
more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent
or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or
disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof
present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such
member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of
the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or
disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the
resolution of the Board of Directors or in the by-laws of the corporation, shall
have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in
the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize
the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but
no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i)&nbsp;amend the
certificate of incorporation (except that a committee may, to the extent
authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the issuance of shares
of stock adopted by the Board of Directors as provided in Section&nbsp;151(a) of
the General Corporation Law of Delaware, fix the designations and any of the
preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends, redemption,
dissolution, any distribution of assets of the corporation or the conversion
into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class or classes
or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of stock of the
corporation or fix the number of shares of any series of stock or authorize the
increase or decrease of the shares of any series), (ii)&nbsp;adopt an agreement
of merger or consolidation under Sections&nbsp;251 or 252 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware, (iii)&nbsp;recommend to the stockholders the sale,
lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and
assets, (iv)&nbsp;recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation
or a revocation of a dissolution, or (v)&nbsp;amend the bylaws of the
corporation; and, unless the board resolution establishing the committee, the
by-laws or the certificate of incorporation expressly so provide, no such
committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize
the issuance of stock, or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger
pursuant to Section&nbsp;253 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.</P>

<P>4.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382965"><U>COMMITTEE MINUTES</A></P>
</U><P>Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the
same to the Board of Directors when required.</P>

<P>4.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382966"><U>MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES</A></P>

</U><P>Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and
taken in accordance with, the provisions of Article&nbsp;III of these by-laws,
Section&nbsp;3.5 (place of meetings and meetings by telephone), Section&nbsp;3.6
(regular meetings), Section&nbsp;3.7 (special meetings and notice),
Section&nbsp;3.8 (quorum), Section&nbsp;3.9 (waiver of notice), and
Section&nbsp;3.10 (action without a meeting), with such changes in the context
of those by-laws as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members
for the Board of Directors and its members; provided, however, that the time of
regular meetings of committees may be determined either by resolution of the
Board of Directors or by resolution of the committee, that special meetings of
committees may also be called by resolution of the Board of Directors and that
notice of special meetings of committees shall also be given to all alternate
members, who shall have the right to attend all meetings of the committee. The
Board of Directors may adopt rules for the government of any committee not
inconsistent with the provisions of these by-laws.</P>
</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE V<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc18382967"><U>OFFICERS</A></P></U>
<DIR>

<P>5.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382968"><U>OFFICERS</A></P>
</U><P>The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a secretary, and a
chief financial officer. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the
Board of Directors, a chairman of the board, one or more vice presidents, one or
more assistant vice presidents, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more
assistant treasurers, and any such other officers as may be appointed in
accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;5.3 of these by-laws. Any number
of offices may be held by the same person.</P>

<P>5.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382969"><U>APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS</A></P>
</U><P>The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed
in accordance with the provisions of Sections&nbsp;5.3 or 5.5 of these by-laws,
shall be appointed by the Board of Directors, subject to the rights, if any, of
an officer under any contract of employment.</P>

<P>5.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382970"><U>SUBORDINATE OFFICERS</A></P>
</U><P>The Board of Directors may appoint, or empower the Chief Executive
Officer of the corporation to appoint, such other officers and agents as the
business of the corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such
period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these
by-laws or as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.</P>

<P>5.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382971"><U>REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS</A></P>
</U><P>Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of
employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an
affirmative vote of the majority of the Board of Directors at any regular or
special meeting of the board or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the
Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be
conferred by the Board of Directors.</P>
<P>Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of
that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise
specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the
rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a
party.</P>

<P>5.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382972"><U>VACANCIES IN OFFICES</A></P>
</U><P>Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled by
the Board of Directors.</P>

<P>5.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382973"><U>CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD</A></P>
</U><P>The Chairman of the Board, if such an officer be elected and unless
otherwise designated by the Board of Directors, shall, if present, preside at
meetings of the Board of Directors. In addition, such officer shall exercise and
perform such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him
by the Board of Directors or as may be prescribed by these by-laws. If so
designated by the Board of Directors, then the Chairman of the Board shall also
be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation and shall have the powers and
duties prescribed in Section&nbsp;5.7 of these by-laws.</P>

<P>5.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382974"><U>PRESIDENT</A></P>
</U><P>Subject to such powers and duties, if any, as may be given by the Board
of Directors to the Chairman of the Board or any vice chairman, if there be such
an officer, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the
corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have
general supervision, direction, and control of the business and the officers of
the corporation. The President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders
and, in the absence or nonexistence of a Chairman of the Board or if otherwise
designated by the Board of Directors, at all meetings of the Board of Directors.
The President shall have the general powers and duties of management usually
vested in the office of president of a corporation and shall have such other
powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these
by-laws.</P>

<P>5.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382975"><U>VICE PRESIDENTS</A></P>
</U><P>In the absence or disability of the Chairman of the Board, any vice
chairman and the President, the Vice Presidents, if any, in order of their rank
as fixed by the Board of Directors or, if not ranked, a vice president
designated by the board of directors, shall perform all the duties of the
president and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all
the restrictions upon, the president. The vice presidents shall have such other
powers and perform such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for
them respectively by the Board of Directors, these by-laws, the President or the
Chairman of the Board.</P>

<P>5.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382976"><U>SECRETARY</A></P>
</U><P>The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal executive
office of the corporation or such other place as the Board of Directors may
direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of directors, committees
of directors, and stockholders. The minutes shall show the time and place of
each meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how authorized and
the notice given), the names of those present at directors' meetings or
committee meetings, the number of shares present or represented at stockholders'
meetings, and the proceedings thereof.</P>
<P>The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive
office of the corporation or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent
or registrar, as determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, a share
register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of all stockholders
and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number
and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and the number and date of
cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.</P>
<P>The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors required to be given by law or by
these by-laws. The Secretary shall keep the seal of the corporation, if one be
adopted, in safe custody and shall have such other powers and perform such other
duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by these by-laws.</P>

<P>5.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382977"><U>CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER</A></P>
</U><P>The Chief Financial Officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept
and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the
properties and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of
its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital
retained earnings, and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable
times be open to inspection by any director.</P>
<P>The Chief Financial Officer shall deposit all moneys and other valuables in
the name and to the credit of the corporation with such depositories as may be
designated by the Board of Directors. The Chief Financial Officer shall disburse
the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, shall
render to the Chief Executive Officer and directors, whenever they request it,
an account of all his or her transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of the
financial condition of the corporation, and shall have other powers and perform
such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these
by-laws.</P>
<P>The Chief Financial Officer shall be the Treasurer of the corporation unless
otherwise designated by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P>5.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382978"><U>ASSISTANT SECRETARY</A></P>
</U><P>The Assistant Secretary, or, if there is more than one, the Assistant
Secretaries in the order determined by the stockholders or Board of Directors
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election)
shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his or her inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be
prescribed by the Board of Directors or these by-laws.</P>

<P>5.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382979"><U>ASSISTANT TREASURER</A></P>
</U><P>The Assistant Treasurer, or, if there is more than one, the Assistant
Treasurers, in the order determined by the stockholders or Board of Directors
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election),
shall, in the absence of the Chief Financial Officer or in the event of his or
her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of
the Chief Financial Officer and shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these
by-laws.</P>

<P>5.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382980"><U>REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER
CORPORATIONS</A></P>
</U><P>The Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President, the Chief
Financial Officer, the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of this corporation, or
any other person authorized by the Board of Directors or the President or a vice
president, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this
corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation
or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority granted
herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person
authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person
having the authority.</P>

<P>5.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382981"><U>AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS</A></P>
</U><P>In addition to the foregoing authority and duties, all officers of the
corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in
the management of the business of the corporation as may be designated from time
to time by the Board of Directors or the stockholders.</P>

</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE VI<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc18382982"><U>INDEMNITY</A></U></P>
<DIR>

<P>6.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382983"><U>INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS</A></P>
</U><P>The corporation shall, to the maximum extent and in the manner permitted
by the General Corporation Law of Delaware, indemnify each of its directors and
officers against expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines,
settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection
with any proceeding, arising by reason of the fact that such person is or was an
agent of the corporation. For purposes of this Section&nbsp;6.1, a "director" or
"officer" of the corporation includes any person (i)&nbsp;who is or was a
director or officer of the corporation, (ii)&nbsp;who is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as a director or officer of another corporation
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii)&nbsp;who was a
director or officer of a corporation that was a predecessor corporation of the
corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor
corporation.</P>

<P>6.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382984"><U>INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS</A></P>
</U><P>The corporation shall have the power, to the extent and in the manner
permitted by the General Corporation Law of Delaware, to indemnify each of its
employees and agents (other than directors and officers) against expenses
(including attorney's fees), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts
actually and reasonably incurred in connection with any proceeding arising by
reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the corporation. For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;6.2, an "employee" or "agent" of the corporation
(other than a director or officer) includes any person (i)&nbsp;who is or was an
employee or agent of the corporation, (ii)&nbsp;who is or was serving at the
request of the corporation as an employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, or (iii)&nbsp;who was an
employee or agent of a corporation which was a predecessor corporation of the
corporation or of another enterprise at the request of such predecessor
corporation.</P>

<P>6.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382985"><U>INSURANCE</A></P>

</U><P>The corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any
person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation,
or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him
in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the
corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under
the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.</P>

</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE VII<BR>
<BR>

<A NAME="_Toc18382986"><U>RECORDS AND REPORTS</A></U></P>
<DIR>

<P>7.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382987"><U>MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS</A></P>
</U><P>The corporation shall, either at its principal executive officer or at
such place or places as designated by the Board of Directors, keep a record of
its stockholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of
shares held by each stockholder, a copy of these by-laws as amended to date,
accounting books, and other records.</P>
<P>Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall,
upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right
during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the
corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and
records and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a
purpose reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every
instance where an attorney or other agent is the person who seeks the right to
inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or
such other writing that authorizes the attorney or other agent so to act on
behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the
corporation at its registered office in Delaware or at its principal place of
business.</P>
<P>The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall
prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a
complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in
alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of
shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to
the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting,
during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to
the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held,
which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be
produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.</P>

<P>7.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382988"><U>INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS</A></P>
</U><P>Any director shall have the right to examine the corporation's stock
ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records for a
purpose reasonably related to his position as a director. The Court of Chancery
is hereby vested with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether a director
is entitled to the inspection sought. The Court may summarily order the
corporation to permit the director to inspect any and all books and records, the
stock ledger, and the stock list and to make copies or extracts therefrom. The
Court may, in its discretion, prescribe any limitations or conditions with
reference to the inspection, or award such other and further relief as the Court
may deem just and proper.</P>

<P>7.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382989"><U>ANNUAL STATEMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS</A></P>

</U><P>The Board of Directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any
special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders,
a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the corporation.</P>

</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE VIII<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc18382990"><U>GENERAL MATTERS</A></U></P>
<DIR>

<P>8.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382991"><U>CHECKS</A></P>
</U><P>From time to time, the Board of Directors shall determine by resolution
which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for
payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in
the name of or payable to the corporation, and only the persons so authorized
shall sign or endorse those instruments.</P>

<P>8.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382992"><U>EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND
INSTRUMENTS</A></P>
</U><P>The Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided in these by-laws,
may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any
contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the
corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
Unless so authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency
power ofan officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or
authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its
credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.</P>

<P>8.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382993"><U>STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES</A></P>
</U><P>The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates,
provided that the Board of Directors of the corporation may provide by
resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of
its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to
shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the
corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the Board of
Directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request
every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a certificate
signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the Chairman or Vice-Chairman of
the Board of Directors, or the President or Vice-President, and by the Chief
Financial Officer or an assistant treasurer, or the Secretary or an assistant
secretary of such corporation representing the number of shares registered in
certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a
facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or
whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be
such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it
may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if the person were such
officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.</P>
<P>The corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid
and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor.
Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such
partly paid shares, or upon the books and records of the corporation in the case
of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to
be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the
declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the corporation shall declare
a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of
the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.</P>

<P>8.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382994"><U>SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES</A></P>
</U><P>If the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or
more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the
preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights
of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or
restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall
issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided, however, that,
except as otherwise provided in Section&nbsp;202 of the General Corporation Law
of Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the
face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent
such class or series of stock a statement that the corporation will furnish
without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations,
the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.</P>

<P>8.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382995"><U>LOST CERTIFICATES</A></P>
</U><P>Except as provided in this Section&nbsp;8.5, no new certificates for
shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the
latter is surrendered to the corporation and canceled at the same time. The
corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the
place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed, and the corporation may require the owner of the lost,
stolen or destroyed certificate, or the owner's legal representative, to give
the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be
made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such
certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated
shares.</P>

<P>8.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382996"><U>CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS</A></P>
</U><P>Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of
construction, and definitions in the Delaware General Corporation Law shall
govern the construction of these by-laws. Without limiting the generality of
this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number
includes the singular, and the term "person" includes both a corporation and a
natural person.</P>

<P>8.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382997"><U>DIVIDENDS</A></P>
</U><P>The directors of the corporation, subject to any restrictions contained
in (i)&nbsp;the General Corporation Law of Delaware or (ii)&nbsp;the certificate
of incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of its capital
stock. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the
corporation's capital stock.</P>
<P>The directors of the corporation may set apart out of any of the funds of the
corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose
and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be limited
to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the
corporation, and meeting contingencies.</P>

<P>8.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382998"><U>FISCAL YEAR</A></P>
</U><P>The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the
Board of Directors and may be changed by the Board of Directors.</P>

<P>8.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18382999"><U>SEAL</A></P>
</U><P>The corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be adopted and
which may be altered by the Board of Directors, and may use the same by causing
it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner
reproduced.</P>

<P>8.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18383000"><U>TRANSFER OF STOCK</A></P>
</U><P>Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the
corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper
evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the
duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled
thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the transaction in its
books.</P>

<P>8.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18383001"><U>STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS</A></P>
</U><P>The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement
with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the
corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of
any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited
by the General Corporation Law of Delaware.</P>

<P>8.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc18383002"><U>REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS</A></P>

</U><P>The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a
person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and
to vote as such owner, shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and
assessments the person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall
not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such
share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have
express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of
Delaware.</P>

</DIR>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE IX<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc18383003"><U>AMENDMENTS</A></U></P>
<DIR>
<P>Subject to any voting requirements set forth in the corporation's
certificate of incorporation, the by-laws of the corporation may be adopted,
amended or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however,
that the corporation may, in its certificate of incorporation, confer the power
to adopt, amend or repeal by-laws upon the directors. The fact that such power
has been so conferred upon the directors shall not divest the stockholders of
the power, nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal by-laws.</P>
</DIR>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.1
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>exh4-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>04012004 S3 Exhibit 4.1</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY LINK="#0000ff" VLINK="#800080">
<font FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">

<P ALIGN="CENTER">&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;Exhibit 4.1
&#9;</P>

<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">8X8, INC.</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">TO</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">________________,</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">AS TRUSTEE</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">INDENTURE</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">DATED AS OF ___________, 2004</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">SENIOR DEBT SECURITIES</P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">TABLE OF CONTENTS</P>

<DIR>
<DIR>
<P>ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889637">*</A><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<P>Section 1.1&#9;Definitions&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889638">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.2&#9;Compliance Certificates and Opinions&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889639">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.3&#9;Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889640">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.4&#9;Acts of Holders; Record Dates&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889641">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.5&#9;Notices, etc&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889642">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.6&#9;Notice to Holders; Waiver&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889643">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.7&#9;Conflict with Trust Indenture Act&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889644">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.8&#9;Effect of Headings and Table of Contents&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889645">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.9&#9;Successors and Assigns&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889646">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.10&#9;Separability Clause&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889647">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.11&#9;Benefits of Indenture&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889648">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.12&#9;Governing Law&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889649">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.13&#9;Legal Holidays&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889650">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.14&#9;Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889651">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.15&#9;Indenture May be Executed in Counterparts&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889652">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 2 SECURITY FORMS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889653">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 2.1&#9;Forms Generally&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889654">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.2&#9;Form of Face of Security&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889655">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.3&#9;Form of Reverse of Security&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889656">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.4&#9;Form of Legend for Global Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889657">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.5&#9;Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889658">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.6&#9;Form of Conversion Notice&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889659">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 3 THE SECURITIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889660">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 3.1&#9;Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889661">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.2&#9;Denominations&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889662">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.3&#9;Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889663">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.4&#9;Temporary Securities&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889664">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.5&#9;Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889665">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.6&#9;Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889666">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.7&#9;Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889667">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.8&#9;Persons Deemed Owners&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889668">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.9&#9;Cancellation&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889669">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.10&#9;Computation of Interest&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889670">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 4 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889671">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 4.1&#9;Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889672">*</A></P>
<P>Section 4.2&#9;Application of Trust Money&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889673">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 5 REMEDIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889674">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 5.1&#9;Events of Default&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889675">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.2&#9;Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889676">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.3&#9;Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889677">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.4&#9;Trustee May File Proofs of Claim&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889678">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.5&#9;Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889679">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.6&#9;Application of Money Collected&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889680">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.7&#9;Limitation on Suits&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889681">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.8&#9;Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium
and Interest and to Convert&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889682">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.9&#9;Restoration of Rights and Remedies&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889683">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.10&#9;Rights and Remedies Cumulative&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889684">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.11&#9;Delay or Omission Not Waiver&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889685">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.12&#9;Control by Holders&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889686">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.13&#9;Waiver of Past Defaults&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889687">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.14&#9;Undertaking for Costs&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889688">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.15&#9;Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889689">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 6 THE TRUSTEE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889690">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 6.1&#9;Certain Duties and Responsibilities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889691">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.2&#9;Notice of Defaults&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889692">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.3&#9;Certain Rights of Trustee&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889693">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.4&#9;Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889694">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.5&#9;May Hold Securities and Act as Trustee under Other
Indentures&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889695">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.6&#9;Money Held in Trust&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889696">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.7&#9;Compensation and Reimbursement&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889697">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.8&#9;Conflicting Interests&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889698">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.9&#9;Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889699">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.10&#9;Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889700">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.11&#9;Acceptance of Appointment by Successor&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889701">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.12&#9;Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889702">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.13&#9;Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889703">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.14&#9;Appointment of Authenticating Agent&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889704">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 7 HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889705">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 7.1&#9;Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
Holders&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889706">*</A></P>
<P>Section 7.2&#9;Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889707">*</A></P>
<P>Section 7.3&#9;Reports by Trustee&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889708">*</A></P>
<P>Section 7.4&#9;Reports by Company&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889709">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 8 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889710">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 8.1&#9;Company May Consolidate, etc&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889711">*</A></P>
<P>Section 8.2&#9;Successor Substituted&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889712">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889713">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 9.1&#9;Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889714">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.2&#9;Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889715">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.3&#9;Execution of Supplemental Indentures&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889716">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.4&#9;Effect of Supplemental Indentures&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889717">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.5&#9;Conformity with Trust Indenture Act&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889718">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.6&#9;Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889719">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 10 COVENANTS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889720">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 10.1&#9;Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889721">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.2&#9;Maintenance of Office or Agency&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889722">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.3&#9;Money for Securities Payments to be Held in Trust&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889723">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.4&#9;Statement by Officers as to Default&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889724">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.5&#9;Existence&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889725">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.6&#9;Waiver of Certain Covenants&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889726">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 11 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889727">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 11.1&#9;Applicability of Article&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889728">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.2&#9;Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889729">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.3&#9;Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889730">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.4&#9;Notice of Redemption&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889731">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.5&#9;Deposit of Redemption Price&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889732">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.6&#9;Securities Payable on Redemption Date&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889733">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.7&#9;Securities Redeemed in Part&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889734">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 12 SINKING FUNDS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889735">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 12.1&#9;Applicability of Article&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889736">*</A></P>
<P>Section 12.2&#9;Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889737">*</A></P>
<P>Section 12.3&#9;Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889738">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 13 DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889739">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 13.1&#9;Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889740">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.2&#9;Defeasance and Discharge&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889741">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.3&#9;Covenant Defeasance&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889742">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.4&#9;Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889743">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.5&#9;Deposited Money&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889744">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.6&#9;Reinstatement&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889745">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 14 CONVERSION OF SECURITIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889746">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 14.1&#9;Applicability of Article&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889747">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.2&#9;Exercise of Conversion Privilege&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889748">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.3&#9;No Fractional Shares&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889749">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.4&#9;Adjustment of Conversion Price or Conversion Rate&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889750">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.5&#9;Notice of Certain Corporate Actions&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889751">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.6&#9;Reservation of Shares of Common Stock&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889752">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.7&#9;Payment of Certain Taxes upon Conversion&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889753">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.8&#9;Nonassessability&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889754">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.9&#9;Provision in Case of Consolidation, Merger or Sale of
Assets&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62889755">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.10&#9;Duties of Trustee Regarding Conversion&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889756">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.11&#9;Repayment of Certain Funds upon Conversion&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62889757">*</A></P>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</P>

<P>Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to Sections 310 through 318,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939:</P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>


<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=662>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 310(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(2)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(3)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(4)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.8, 6.10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 311(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 312(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.1, 7.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(c)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 313(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(c)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(d)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 314(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">7.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(4)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">1.1, 10.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(c)(1)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">1.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(c)(2)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">1.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(c)(3)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(d)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(e)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">1.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 315(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(c)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(d)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">6.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(e)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">5.14</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 316(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">1.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(1)(A)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">5.2, 5.12</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(1)(B)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">5.13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(2)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">5.8</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(c)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">1.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 317(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">5.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(a)(2)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">5.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP"><DIR>
<DIR>

<FONT SIZE=2><P>(b)</DIR>
</DIR>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">10.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="83%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section 318(a)</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="RIGHT">1.7</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P>NOTE:&#9;This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to
be a part of the Indenture.</P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>INDENTURE, dated as of ____________, 2004, between 8X8, Inc., a corporation
duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware  (herein
called the &quot;Company&quot;), having its principal executive office at 2445
Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95054, as Trustee (herein
called the &quot;Trustee&quot;).</P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">RECITALS OF THE COMPANY</P>
</B><P>The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called the
&quot;Securities&quot;), to be issued in one or more series as provided in this
Indenture.</P>
<P>All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company,
in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:</P>
</B><P>For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the
equal and proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series
thereof appertaining, as follows:</P>


<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 1<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889637">DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION</A></P>

<DIR>

<P> Section 1.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889638">Definitions</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or
unless the context otherwise requires:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the terms defined in this Article have the meanings assigned to them in this
Article and include the plural as well as the singular;</LI>
<LI>all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act,
either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them
therein;</LI>
<LI>all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned
to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States of America, and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided,
the term &quot;generally accepted accounting principles&quot; with respect to
any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting
principles in the United States of America as are generally accepted at the date
of such computation;</LI>
<LI>all references to &quot;$&quot; refer to the lawful currency of the United
States of America;</LI>
<LI>unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an
&quot;Article&quot; or a &quot;Section&quot; refers to an Article or a Section,
as the case may be, of this Indenture; and</LI>
<LI>the words &quot;herein,&quot; &quot;hereof&quot; and &quot;hereunder&quot;
and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to
any particular Article, Section&nbsp;or other subdivision.</LI>


<P>&quot;Act,&quot; when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning
specified in Section&nbsp;1.4.</P>
</OL>

<P>&quot;Affiliate&quot; of any specified Person means any other Person directly
or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person. </P>
<P>&quot;Authenticating Agent&quot; means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more series.</P>
<P>&quot;Board of Directors&quot; means either the board of directors of the
Company or any duly authorized committee of that board empowered to act for it
with respect to this Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Board Resolution&quot; means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.</P>
<P>&quot;Business Day,&quot; when used with respect to any Place of Payment,
means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on
which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated
by law or executive order to close.</P>
<P>&quot;Commission&quot; means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from
time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time
after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and
performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the
body performing such duties at such time.</P>
<P>&quot;Common Stock&quot; includes any stock of any class of the Company which
has no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of
any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the
Company and which is not subject to redemption by the Company; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;14.9, shares issuable
upon conversion of Securities shall include only shares of the class designated
as Common Stock of the Company at the date of this Indenture or shares of any
class or classes resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications
thereof and which have no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts
payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of the Company and which are not subject to redemption by the
Company; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that if at any time there shall be
more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then so
issuable shall be substantially in the proportion which the total number of
shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the
total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such
reclassifications.</P>
<P>&quot;Company&quot; means the corporation named as the &quot;Company&quot; in
the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have
become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and
thereafter &quot;Company&quot; shall mean such successor Person.</P>
<P>&quot;Company Request&quot; or &quot;Company Order&quot; means a written
request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board,
its Vice Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its President or a
Vice President, and by its principal financial officer, its Treasurer, an
Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to
the Trustee.</P>
<P>&quot;control&quot; when used with respect to any specified Person means the
power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or
indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise; and the terms &quot;controlling&quot; and &quot;controlled&quot; have
meanings correlative to the foregoing.</P>

<P>&quot;Corporate Trust Office&quot; means the corporate trust office of the
Trustee at __________________________, Attention:  __________, or such other
office, designated by the Trustee by written notice to the Company, at which at
any particular time its corporate trust business shall be administered.</P>
<P>&quot;corporation&quot; means a corporation, association, company, joint-
stock company or business trust.</P>
<P>&quot;Covenant Defeasance&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;13.3.</P>
<P>&quot;Defaulted Interest&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>
<P>&quot;Defeasance&quot; has the meaning specified in Section&nbsp;13.2.</P>
<P>&quot;Depositary&quot; means, with respect to Securities of any series
issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a
clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as
Depositary for such Securities as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>
<P>&quot;euro&quot; or &quot;euros&quot; means the currency adopted by those
nations participating in the third stage of the economic and monetary union
provisions of the Treaty on European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 7,
1992.</P>
<P>&quot;European Economic Area&quot; means the member nations of the European
Economic Area pursuant to the Oporto Agreement on the European Economic Area
dated May 2, 1992, as amended.</P>
<P>&quot;European Union&quot; means the member nations of the European Union
established by the Treaty of European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 2,
1992, which amended the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Community.</P>
<P>&quot;Event of Default&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;5.1.</P>
<P>&quot;Exchange Act&quot; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.</P>
<P>&quot;Expiration Date&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;1.4.</P>
<P>&quot;Foreign Government Obligation&quot; means with respect to Securities of
any series which are not denominated in the currency of the United States of
America (x)&nbsp;any security which is (i)&nbsp;a direct obligation of the
government which issued or caused to be issued the currency in which such
security is denominated and for the payment of which obligations its full faith
and credit is pledged, or, with respect to Securities of any series which are
denominated in euros, a direct obligation of any member nation of the European
Union for the payment of which obligation the full faith and credit of the
respective nation is pledged so long as such nation has a credit rating at least
equal to that of the highest rated member nation of the European Economic Area,
or (ii)&nbsp;an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as
an agency or instrumentality of a government specified in clause (i) above the
payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit
obligation by the such government, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not
callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y)&nbsp;any
depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section&nbsp;3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any Foreign Government Obligation
which is specified in clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of
the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment
of principal of or interest on any Foreign Government Obligation which is so
specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is
not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of
such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of
the Foreign Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or
interest evidenced by such depositary receipt. </P>
<P>&quot;Global Security&quot; means a Security that evidences all or part of
the Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section&nbsp;2.4
(or such legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for such
Securities).</P>
<P>&quot;Holder&quot; means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in
the Security Register.</P>
<P>&quot;Indenture&quot; means this instrument as originally executed and as it
may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a
part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture,
respectively. The term &quot;Indenture&quot; shall also include the terms of
particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that if at any time more than one Person is
acting as Trustee under this Indenture due to the appointment of one or more
separate Trustees for any one or more separate series of Securities,
&quot;Indenture&quot; shall mean, with respect to such series of Securities for
which any such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as
it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof
and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities for which such
Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, exclusive,
however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of
Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms
or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by
means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after
such Person had become such Trustee, but to which such person, as such Trustee,
was not a party; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U> that in the event that this
Indenture is supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto which are only applicable to certain series of Securities, the term
&quot;Indenture&quot; for a particular series of Securities shall only include
the supplemental indentures applicable thereto.</P>
<P>&quot;interest,&quot; when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security, which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest
payable after Maturity.</P>
<P>&quot;Interest Payment Date,&quot; when used with respect to any Security,
means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.</P>
<P>&quot;Investment Company Act&quot; means the Investment Company Act of 1940
and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to
time.</P>
<P>&quot;Maturity,&quot; when used with respect to any Security, means the date
on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes
due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or
by declaration of acceleration, repurchase at the option of the Holder, upon
redemption or otherwise.</P>
<P>&quot;Notice of Default&quot; means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section&nbsp;5.1(4).</P>
<P>&quot;Officers' Certificate&quot; means a certificate signed by the Chairman
of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the
President or a Vice President, and by the principal financial officer, the
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of
the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an
Officers' Certificate given pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.4 shall be the principal
executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company.</P>
<P>&quot;Opinion of Counsel&quot; means a written opinion of counsel, who may be
counsel for, or an employee of, the Company, and who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.</P>
<P>&quot;Original Issue Discount Security&quot; means any Security that provides
for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon
a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2.</P>
<P>&quot;Outstanding,&quot; when used with respect to Securities, means, as of
the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, except</P>
<OL>

<LI>Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation;</LI>
<LI>Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has
been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the
Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the
Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities;
<U>provided</U> that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such
redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor
satisfactory to the Trustee has been made; </LI>
<LI>Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to
Section&nbsp;13.2; and </LI>
<LI>Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.6 or in exchange
for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered
pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which
there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that
such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities
are valid obligations of the Company; </LI>
</OL>

<U><P>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in determining whether the Holders of
the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or
taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action hereunder as of any date, (A)&nbsp;the principal amount of an
Original Issue Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall
be the amount of the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such
date upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2, (B)&nbsp;if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at
the Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of
such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as
specified or determined as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, (C)&nbsp;the
principal amount of a Security denominated in one or more non-U.S. dollar
currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be
the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner provided as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, of the principal amount of such Security (or,
in the case of a Security described in clause&nbsp;(A) or (B) above, of the
amount determined as provided in such clause), and (D)&nbsp;Securities owned by
the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the
Company or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be
Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other action, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be
so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which have been pledged in
good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the
satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such
Securities and that the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the
Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.</P>
<P>&quot;Paying Agent&quot; means any Person authorized by the Company to pay
the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.</P>
<P>&quot;Person&quot; means any individual, corporation, limited liability
company, partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.</P>
<P> &quot;Place of Payment,&quot; when used with respect to the Securities of
any series, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>
<P>&quot;Predecessor Security&quot; of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section&nbsp;3.6 in exchange for or
in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.</P>
<P>&quot;Record Date&quot; means any Regular Record Date or Special Record
Date.</P>
<P>&quot;Redemption Date,&quot; when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Redemption Price,&quot; when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Regular Record Date&quot; for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>
<P>&quot;Responsible Officer&quot; means, when used with respect to the Trustee,
an officer of the Trustee in the Corporate Trust Office assigned and duly
authorized by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters.</P>
<P>&quot;Securities&quot; has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Securities Act&quot; means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.</P>
<P>&quot;Security Register&quot; and &quot;Security Registrar&quot; have the
respective meanings specified in Section&nbsp;3.5.</P>
<P>&quot;Special Record Date&quot; for the payment of any Defaulted Interest
means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>
<P>&quot;Stated Maturity,&quot; when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.</P>
<P>&quot;Subsidiary&quot; means a Person of which more than 50% of the
outstanding voting stock having the power to elect a majority of the board of
directors of such Person (in the case of a corporation) is, or of which more
than 50% of the equity interests (in the case of a Person which is not a
corporation) are, at the time owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or
by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other
Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition, &quot;voting stock&quot;
means stock or similar interests to the Company which ordinarily has or have
voting power for the election of directors, or persons performing similar
functions, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock or
other interests has or have such voting power by reason of any contingency.</P>
<P>&quot;Trust Indenture Act&quot; means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in
force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended
after such date, &quot;Trust Indenture Act&quot; means, to the extent required
by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.</P>
<P>&quot;Trustee&quot; means the Person named as the &quot;Trustee&quot; in the
first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
&quot;Trustee&quot; shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee
hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person,
&quot;Trustee&quot; as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall
mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.</P>
<P>&quot;U.S. Government Obligation&quot; means (x)&nbsp;any security which is
(i)&nbsp;a direct obligation of the United States of America for the payment of
which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or
(ii)&nbsp;an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an
agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which
is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the
United States of America, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not callable or
redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y)&nbsp;any depositary
receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section&nbsp;3(a)(2) of the Securities
Act) as custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation which is
specified in clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of the
holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment of
principal of or interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so specified
and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not
authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such
depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the
U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest
evidenced by such depositary receipt.</P>
<P>&quot;Vice President,&quot; when used with respect to the Company or the
Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a
word or words added before or after the title &quot;vice president.&quot;</P>



<B><P> Section 1.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889639">Compliance Certificates and Opinions</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any
action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust
Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an
Officers' Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in
this Indenture.</P>
<P>Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or
covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include,</P>
<OL>

<LI>a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has
read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating
thereto;</LI>
<LI>a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based;</LI>
<LI>a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he or she has made
such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to
express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has
been complied with; and</LI>
<LI>a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such
condition or covenant has been complied with.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 1.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889640">Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered
by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such
matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or
that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person
may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more
other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give
an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.</P>
<P>Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar
as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion is
based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based,
insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.</P>
<P>Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889641">Acts of Holders; Record Dates</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. The
Trustee shall promptly deliver to the Company copies of all such instrument or
instruments delivered to the Trustee. Such instrument or instruments (and the
action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to
as the &quot;Act&quot; of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments.
Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such
agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to
Section&nbsp;6.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in
the manner provided in this Section.</P>
<P>The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or
writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a
certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument
or writing acknowledged to him or her the execution thereof. Where such
execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his or her individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his or her authority. The fact and date of the execution of any such
instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may
also be proved in any other manner that the Trustee deems sufficient.</P>
<P>The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.</P>
<P>Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.</P>
<P>The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to give, make or
take any request, demand, authorization, direction, vote, notice, consent,
waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made
or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, <U>provided</U> that the
Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph
shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice,
declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders,
shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders
remain Holders after such record date; <U>provided</U> that no such action shall
be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration
Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of
such series on such record date. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to
prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a
record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the
record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person
be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action
is taken. Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the
proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in
the manner set forth in Section&nbsp;1.6.</P>
<P>The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join in the
giving or making of (i)&nbsp;any Notice of Default, (ii)&nbsp;any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section&nbsp;5.2, (iii)&nbsp;any request to
institute proceedings referred to in Section&nbsp;5.7(2) or (iv)&nbsp;any
direction referred to in Section&nbsp;5.12, in each case with respect to
Securities of such series.  If any record date is set pursuant to this
paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record
date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice,
declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders
after such record date; <U>provided</U> that no such action shall be effective
hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on
such record date.  Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the
Trustee from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date
has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date
previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled
and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render
ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken.
Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee,
at the Company's expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed
action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company
in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner
set forth in Section&nbsp;1.6.</P>
<P>With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the
&quot;Expiration Date&quot; and from time to time may change the Expiration Date
to any earlier or later day; <U>provided</U> that no such change shall be
effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the
other party hereto in writing, and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant
series in the manner set forth in Section&nbsp;1.6, on or prior to the existing
Expiration Date.  If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any
record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which set such record
date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such
record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to
change the Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the
applicable record date.</P>
<P>Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any
action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to
all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly
appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with
regard to all or any part of such principal amount.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889642">Notices, etc</A>
.., to Trustee and Company</B>.</P>
<P>Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or Act
of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made
upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every
purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing (or by facsimile
transmissions, <U>provided</U> that oral confirmation of receipt shall have been
received) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention:
Corporate Trust Department, or</LI>
<LI>the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every
purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and
mailed, first-class postage prepaid, personally delivered or sent via overnight
courier to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office
specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address
previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company, Attention: Chief
Financial Officer.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 1.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889643">Notice to Holders; Waiver</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice
shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in
writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or
overnight courier to each Holder affected by such event, at its address as it
appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and
not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such
notice.  Neither the failure to mail or deliver by hand or overnight courier any
notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed or delivered by hand or overnight
courier, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice
with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any
manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive
such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the
equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the
Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of
any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.</P>
<P>In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of
any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such
notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute
a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889644">Conflict with Trust Indenture Act</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of
the Trust Indenture Act that is required under the Trust Indenture Act to be a
part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control. If any
provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust
Indenture Act, which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall
be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the
case may be.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889645">Effect of Headings and Table of Contents</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Article and Section&nbsp;headings herein and the Table of Contents are
for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889646">Successors and Assigns</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its
successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889647">Separability Clause</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired
thereby.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889648">Benefits of Indenture</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall
give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors hereunder
and the Holders, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim
under this Indenture.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889649">Governing Law</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<B><P>THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED UNDER
THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.</P>

<P> Section 1.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889650">Legal Holidays</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security or the last date on which a Holder has the right to
convert a Security at a particular conversion price or conversion rate, as the
case may be, shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then
(notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities
(other than a provision of any Security which specifically states that such
provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) or, if applicable to a particular series of Securities,
conversion need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be
made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same
force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, at
the Stated Maturity or on such last day for conversion, as the case may be.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889651">Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate
Obligations</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No recourse for the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect
thereof, and no recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of
the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any
Security, or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby,
shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, employee, agent, officer, or
director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of
any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any
successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of
law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being
expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and
released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this
Indenture and the issue of the Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.15 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889652">Indenture May be Executed in
Counterparts</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which
shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one
and the same instrument.</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 2<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889653">SECURITY FORMS</A></P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 2.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889654">Forms Generally</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form set forth in
this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or pursuant to a
Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case
with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations
as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters,
numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed
thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange
or Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the
officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof. If
the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to
a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.3 for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities. Any such Board Resolution or record of such action shall have
attached thereto a true and correct copy of the form of Security referred to
therein approved by or pursuant to such Board Resolution.</P>
<P>The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel
engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by
the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such
Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 2.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889655">Form of Face of Security</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>

<B><P>[INSERT ANY LEGEND REQUIRED BY THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE
REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.]</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">8X8, INC.</P>
</B><P>NO.  __________&#9;$__________</P>
<P>&#9;CUSIP:____________</P>
<P
ALIGN="CENTER">_________________________________________________________________
____</P>

<P>8X8, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of
Delaware (herein called the &quot;Company,&quot; which term includes any
successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to ____________, or registered assigns, the
principal sum of _____________ dollars on _____________________________<B>
</B>[<B>if the Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert --</B> ,
and to pay interest thereon from __________ or from the most recent Interest
Payment Date to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually
on ___________ and __________ in each year, commencing _________, at the rate of
___% per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment
[<B>if applicable, insert --</B> , <U>provided</U> that any principal and
premium, and any such installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear
interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such
interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment, and such interest shall be
payable on demand]. The interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly
provided for, on any Interest Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture,
be paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest, which shall be the ______ or ______ (whether or not a
Business Day), as the case may be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date.
Any such interest not so punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith
cease to be payable to the Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be
paid to the Person in whose name this Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on a Special Record Date for
the payment of such Defaulted Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice
whereof shall be given to Holders of Securities of this series not less than 10
days prior to such Special Record Date, or be paid at any time in any other
lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange
on which the Securities of this series may be listed, and upon such notice as
may be required by such exchange, all as more fully provided in said
Indenture].</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert --</B>
The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall
bear interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of
such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue
principal or premium shall be payable on demand. [Any such interest on overdue
principal or premium which is not paid on demand shall bear interest at the rate
of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest on interest
shall be legally enforceable), from the date of such demand until the amount so
demanded is paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue interest
shall be payable on demand.]]</P>
<P>Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [<B>if applicable,
insert --</B> any such] interest on this Security will be made at the office or
agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in _______, in such coin or
currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal
tender for payment of public and private debts [<B>if applicable, insert --</B>
; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that at the option of the Company payment of
interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person entitled
thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register].</P>
<P>Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth
on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the
same effect as if set forth at this place.</P>
<P>Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the
Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.</P>
<P>IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed.</P>
<P>Dated: ____________</P>


<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>


<P>Dated: ____________&#9;8X8, INC.<BR>
       By: ________________<BR>
           Title:_____________________</P>

</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ATTEST:<BR> __________________</P>

<B><P> Section 2.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889656">Form of Reverse of Security</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company
(herein called the &quot;Securities&quot;), issued and to be issued in one or
more series under an Indenture, dated as of ________, 200_ (herein called the
&quot;Indenture,&quot; which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in such
instrument), between the Company and ________________, as Trustee (herein called
the &quot;Trustee,&quot; which term includes any successor trustee under the
Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the Indenture and all indentures
supplemental thereto for a statement of the respective rights, limitations of
rights, duties and immunities thereunder of the Company, the Trustee and the
Holders of the Securities and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and
are to be, authenticated and delivered. This Security is one of the series
designated on the face hereof <B>[if applicable, insert  --</B> , limited in
aggregate principal amount to $________].</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert  --</B> The Securities of this series are subject
to redemption upon not less than [<B>if</B> <B>applicable, insert --</B> 30]
days' notice by mail, [<B>if applicable, insert--</B> (1)&nbsp;on __________ in
any year commencing with the year ________ and ending with the year ________
through operation of the sinking fund for this series at a Redemption Price
equal to 100% of the principal amount, and (2)]&nbsp;at any time [<B>if
applicable, insert-- </B>on or after __________, 20__], as a whole or in part,
at the election of the Company, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed as
percentages of the principal amount): If redeemed [<B>if applicable, insert--
</B> on or before __________, ___%, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period
beginning ____________ of the years indicated,</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=8 WIDTH=590>
<TR><TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><U> <FONT SIZE=2><P>Year</B></U></TD>
<TD WIDTH="31%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><U> <FONT SIZE=2><P>Redemption Price</B></U></TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><U> <FONT SIZE=2><P>Year</B></U></TD>
<TD WIDTH="33%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><U> <FONT SIZE=2><P>Redemption Price</B></U></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P>and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ___% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [<B>if applicable, insert--</B>
(whether through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued
interest to the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity
is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of
business on the relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as
provided in the Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert--</B> The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than [if applicable, insert 30] days' notice by mail,
(1)&nbsp;on __________ in any year commencing with the year _____ and ending
with the year _____ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below,
and (2)&nbsp;at any time [<B>if applicable, insert-- </B>on or after
__________], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the
Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking
fund (expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table
below: If redeemed during the 12-month period beginning __________ of the years
indicated,</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=8 WIDTH=647>
<TR><TD WIDTH="24%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><U> <FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Year</B></U></TD>
<TD WIDTH="38%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B> <FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Redemption Price for<BR>
                                Redemption Through
                                Operation of the<BR>
<U>                                Sinking Fund</B></U></TD>
<TD WIDTH="38%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B> <FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Redemption Price for<BR>
                                Redemption Otherwise than Through<BR>
                                Operation of the<BR>
<U>                                Sinking Fund</B></U></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P>and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert  -- </B>Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company
may not, prior to __________, redeem any Securities of this series as
contemplated by [<B>if applicable, insert--</B> clause&nbsp;(2) of] the
preceding paragraph as a part of, or in anticipation of, any refunding operation
by the application, directly or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an
interest cost to the Company (calculated in accordance with generally accepted
financial practice) of less than ___% per annum.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert--</B> The sinking fund for this series provides for
the redemption on __________ in each year beginning with the year ______ and
ending with the year ______ of [<B>if applicable, insert--</B> not less than
$_______ (&quot;mandatory sinking fund&quot;) and not more than] $_______
aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this
series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [<B>if
applicable, insert--</B> mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited
against subsequent [<B>if applicable, insert --</B> mandatory] sinking fund
payments otherwise required to be made [<B>if applicable, insert--</B> , in the
inverse order in which they become due].]</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert --</B> In
the event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or
Securities of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof
will be issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation
hereof.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert--</B> The Indenture contains provisions for
defeasance at any time of [the entire indebtedness of this Security] [or]
[certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this
Security] [, in each case] upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in
the Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is convertible into other securities of the Company,
specify the conversion features.</B>]</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert --</B>
If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and
be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared
due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert --</B> If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to <B>-- insert formula for determining
the amount</B>. Upon payment (i)&nbsp;of the amount of principal so declared due
and payable and (ii)&nbsp;of interest on any overdue principal, premium and
interest (in each case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be
legally enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment
of the principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this
series shall terminate.]</P>
<P>The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series to be affected. The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not
notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.</P>
<P>As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of
this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding with respect
to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or for any
other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the
Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made
written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event
of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the
Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction
inconsistent with such request, and shall have failed to institute any such
proceeding, for 60 days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of
indemnity. The foregoing shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder of
this Security for the enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any
premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed
herein.</P>
<P>No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of
the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest
on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency,
herein prescribed.</P>
<P>As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set
forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security Register,
upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or
agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any premium and
interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a
written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or its attorney duly
authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series
and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate
principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or
transferees.</P>
<P>The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without
coupons in denominations of $______ and any integral multiple thereof. As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount
of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized
denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.</P>
<P>No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or
exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.</P>
<P>Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.</P>
<P>All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture shall have
the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.</P>

<B><P> Section 2.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889657">Form of Legend for Global Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for the
Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: </P>
<B><P>THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A
NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A
SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE
REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE
THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.</P>

<P> Section 2.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889658">Form of Trustee's Certificate of
Authentication</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the
following form:</P>
<P>This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred to in
the within-mentioned Indenture.</P>
<P>________________________,<BR>
   as Trustee</P>
<P>By: _____________________<BR>
       Authorized Officer</P>

<B><P> Section 2.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889659">Form of Conversion Notice</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 3.1 for the Securities
evidenced thereby, or in a supplemental indenture for the Securities evidenced
thereby, conversion notices shall be in substantially the following form:</P>

<P>To 8X8, Inc.:</P>
<P>The undersigned owner of this Security hereby irrevocably exercises the
option to convert this Security, or portion hereof (which is $1,000 or an
integral multiple thereof) below designated, into shares of Common Stock of the
Company in accordance with the terms of the Indenture referred to in this
Security, and directs that the shares issuable and deliverable upon the
conversion, together with any check in payment for fractional shares and any
Securities representing any unconverted principal amount hereof, be issued and
delivered to the registered holder hereof unless a different name has been
indicated below.  If shares are to be issued in the name of a person other than
the undersigned, the undersigned will pay all transfer taxes payable with
respect hereto. Any amount required to be paid by the undersigned on account of
interest accompanies this Security.</P>
<P>Principal Amount to be Converted<BR>
(in an integral multiple of $1,000, if less than all)</P>
<P>U.S. $_________</P>
<P>Dated:  ___________</P>
<P>Signature(s) must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution (banks,
stockbrokers, savings and loan associations and credit unions with membership in
an approved signature guarantee medallion program) pursuant to Securities and
Exchange Commission Rule 17Ad-15.</P>
<P>________________________<BR>
       Signature Guaranty</P>
<P>Fill in for registration of shares of Common Stock and Security if to be
issued otherwise than to the registered Holder.</P>
<U><P>&#9;</U>&#9;<U>&#9;</P>
</U><P>(Name)&#9;&#9;Social Security or Other Taxpayer Identification<BR>
&#9;&#9;Number</P>
<U><P>&#9;</P>
</U><P>&nbsp;</P>
<U><P>&#9;</P>
</U><P>Please print Name and Address<BR>
(including zip code)</P>
<P>[The above conversion notice is to be modified, as appropriate, for
conversion into other securities or property of the Company.]</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 3<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889660">THE SECURITIES</A></P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 3.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889661">Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.</P>
<P>The Securities may be issued in one or more series. There shall be
established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and, subject to
Section&nbsp;3.3, set forth, or determined in the manner provided, in an
Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental
hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series,</P>
<OL>

<LI>the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the
Securities of the series from Securities of any other series);</LI>
<LI>any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the
series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for
Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in
exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7 and except for any Securities which,
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.3, are deemed never to have been authenticated and
delivered hereunder);</LI>
<LI>the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series shall be
payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more
Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular
Record Date for such interest;</LI>
<LI>the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of the series is
payable;</LI>
<LI>the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) at which any Securities
of the series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such
interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest
shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on
any Interest Payment Date (or the method for determining the dates and
rates);</LI>
<LI>the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on
any Securities of the series shall be payable;</LI>
<LI>the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the
terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series may be redeemed, in
whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than by a Board
Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to redeem the
Securities shall be evidenced;</LI>
<LI>the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase any Securities
of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the
option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price
or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the
series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such
obligation;</LI>
<LI>if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the
denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be issuable;</LI>
<LI>if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities
of the series may be determined with reference to an index or pursuant to a
formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;</LI>
<LI>if other than the currency of the United States of America, the currency,
currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and the manner of
determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the United States of
America for any purpose, including for purposes of the definition of
&quot;Outstanding&quot; in Section&nbsp;1.1;</LI>
<LI>if the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the
series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or the Holder thereof,
in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which
such Securities are stated to be payable, the currency, currencies or currency
units in which the principal of or any premium or interest on such Securities as
to which such election is made shall be payable, the periods within which and
the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amount
so payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined);</LI>
<LI>if other than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2;</LI>
<LI>if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any Securities of
the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the
Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of
such Securities as of any such date for any purpose thereunder or hereunder,
including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any
Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be
Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case,
the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be
determined);</LI>
<LI>if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or any specified
part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.2 or Section&nbsp;13.3 or
both such Sections, or any other defeasance provisions applicable to any
Securities of the series, and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner
in which any election by the Company to defease such Securities shall be
evidenced;</LI>
<LI>if applicable, the terms of any right to convert or exchange Securities of
the series into shares of Common Stock of the Company or other securities or
property;</LI>
<LI>if applicable, that any Securities of the series shall be issuable in whole
or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the
respective Depositaries for such Global Securities, the form of any legend or
legends which shall be borne by any such Global Security in addition to or in
lieu of that set forth in Section&nbsp;2.4 and any circumstances in addition to
or in lieu of those set forth in clause&nbsp;(2) of the last paragraph of
Section&nbsp;3.5 in which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or
in part for Securities registered, and any transfer of such Global Security in
whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than
the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof;</LI>
<LI>any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any
Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the
requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due
and payable pursuant to Section&nbsp;5.2;</LI>
<LI>any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article 10 which
applies to Securities of the series; </LI>
<LI>any Authenticating Agents, Paying Agents, Security Registrars or such other
agents necessary in connection with the issuance of the Securities of such
series, including, without limitation, exchange rate agents and calculation
agents;</LI>
<LI>if applicable, the terms of any security that will be provided for a series
of Securities, including any provisions regarding the circumstances under which
collateral may be released or substituted;</LI>
<LI>if applicable, the terms of any guaranties for the Securities and any
circumstances under which there may be additional obligors on the Securities;
and</LI>
<LI>any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with
the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by
Section&nbsp;9.1(5)).</LI></OL>

<P>All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as
to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the
Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section&nbsp;3.3) set forth,
or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers' Certificate referred to
above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.</P>
<P>If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to
a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers'
Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889662">Denominations</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form
without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1. In the absence of any such specified
denomination with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of
such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889663">Execution, Authentication, Delivery and
Dating</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of
the Board, its Vice Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its
principal financial officer, its President or one of its Vice Presidents,
attested by its Treasurer, its Secretary or one of its Assistant Treasurers or
Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities
may be manual or facsimile.</P>
<P>Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were
at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.</P>
<P>At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1,
in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section&nbsp;6.1) shall be fully protected
in relying upon, a copy of such Board Resolution, the Officers' Certificate
setting forth the terms of the series and an Opinion of Counsel, with such
Opinion of Counsel stating,</P>
<OL>

<LI>if the form of such Securities has been established by or pursuant to Board
Resolution as permitted by Section&nbsp;2.1, that such form has been established
in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;</LI>
<LI>if the terms of such Securities have been established by or pursuant to
Board Resolution as permitted by Section&nbsp;3.1, that such terms have been
established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and</LI>
<LI>that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and
issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in
such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations
of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to
bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and
similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors' rights
and to general equity principles.</LI></OL>

<P>If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.</P>
<P>Notwithstanding the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.1 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 or the Company Order and Opinion of
Counsel otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or prior to
the authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are
delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first
Security of such series to be issued.</P>
<P>Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.</P>
<P>No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid
or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any
Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security
has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder
but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such
Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section&nbsp;3.9, for
all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.</P>
<P>Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall have any responsibility for any
defect in the CUSIP number that appears on any Security, check, advice of
payment or redemption notice, and any such document may contain a statement to
the effect that CUSIP numbers have been assigned by an independent service for
convenience of reference and that neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be
liable for any inaccuracy in such numbers.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889664">Temporary Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company
may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed
or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the
tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with
such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as
the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their
execution of such Securities.</P>
<P>If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause
definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.
After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary
Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of
such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor
and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of
any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889665">Registration; Registration of Transfer and
Exchange</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
collectively referred to as the &quot;Security Register&quot;) in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide
for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities. The Trustee
is hereby appointed &quot;Security Registrar&quot; for the purpose of
registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.</P>
<P>Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at
the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of
the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate
principal amount.</P>
<P>At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for
other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like
tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be
exchanged at such office or agency. Whenever any Securities are so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, the Securities that the Holder making the exchange is entitled to
receive.</P>
<P>All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.</P>
<P>Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for
exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed,
or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder thereof or
its attorney duly authorized in writing.</P>
<P>No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange
of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any
registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4, 9.6 or 11.7 not involving any transfer.</P>
<P>If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor) are to
be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required (A)&nbsp;to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that
series and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15&nbsp;days before the day of the mailing of a notice of
redemption of any such Securities selected for redemption under
Section&nbsp;11.3 and ending at the close of business on the day of such
mailing, or (B)&nbsp;to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so
selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any Security being redeemed in part.</P>
<P>The provisions of clauses&nbsp;(1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only
to Global Securities:</P>
<OL>

<LI>Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be registered
in the name of the Depositary designated for such Global Security or a nominee
thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian
therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for
all purposes of this Indenture.</LI>
<LI>Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global Security
may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and no transfer
of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any
Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof
unless (A)&nbsp;such Depositary (i)&nbsp;has notified the Company that it is
unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or
(ii)&nbsp;has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act,
(B)&nbsp;there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with
respect to such Global Security or (C)&nbsp;there shall exist such
circumstances, if any, in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as have been
specified for this purpose as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</LI>
<LI>Subject to clause&nbsp;(2) above, any exchange of a Global Security for
other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities issued in
exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in
such names as the Depositary for such Global Security shall direct.</LI>
<LI>Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of,
or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any portion thereof,
whether pursuant to this Section, Section&nbsp;3.4, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7 or
otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a
Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person
other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee
thereof.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 3.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889666">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>
<P>If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i)&nbsp;evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and
(ii)&nbsp;such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to
the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>
<P>In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or
is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead
of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.</P>
<P>Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>
<P>Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section&nbsp;in lieu
of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original
additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.</P>
<P>The provisions of this Section&nbsp;are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889667">Payment of Interest; Interest Rights
Preserved</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 with respect
to any series of Securities or in a supplemental indenture with respect to any
series of Securities, interest on any Security which is payable, and is
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid
to the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular Record Date
for such interest.</P>
<P>Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called &quot;Defaulted Interest&quot;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to
the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such
Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election
in each case, as provided in clause&nbsp;(1) or (2) below:</P>
<OL>

<LI>The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the
Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special
Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in
the following manner. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series
and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of
the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause
provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment
of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be not more than 15 days and not less
than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days
after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The
Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in
the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed
payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be
given to each Holder of Securities of such series in the manner set forth in
Section&nbsp;1.6, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date.
Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record
Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to
the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special
Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following
clause&nbsp;(2).</LI>
<LI>The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Securities of
any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of
any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such
notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the
Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such
manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.</LI></OL>

<P>Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered
under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in
lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and
unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889668">Persons Deemed Owners</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security
for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium and
(subject to Section&nbsp;3.7) any interest on such Security and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the
Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be
affected by notice to the contrary.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889669">Cancellation</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer
or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered
to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be
promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder
which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to
the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company
has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly
canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture. All canceled Securities held by the
Trustee shall be disposed of in accordance with its customary procedures.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889670">Computation of Interest</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for
Securities of any series or in a supplemental indenture with respect to any
series of Securities, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 4<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889671">SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</A></LI></P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 4.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889672">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
(except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture, when </P>
<OL>

<LI>either</LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than
(i)&nbsp;Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have
been replaced or paid as provided in Section&nbsp;3.6 and (ii)&nbsp;Securities
for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated
and held in trust by the Trustee or the Company and thereafter repaid to the
Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section&nbsp;10.3) have
been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or</LI>
<LI>all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation</LI>
<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>have become due and payable, or</LI>
<LI>will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, or
</LI>
<LI>are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, </LI></OL>
</OL>

<P>and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii) or (iii) above, has deposited or
caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose
money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on
such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for
principal and any premium and interest to the date of such deposit (in the case
of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or
Redemption Date, as the case may be;</P>
<LI>the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder
by the Company; and</LI>
<LI>the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided
for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been
complied with.</LI></OL>

<P>Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7, the
obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section&nbsp;6.14
and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to
subclause&nbsp;(B) of clause&nbsp;(1) of this Section, the obligations of the
Trustee under Section&nbsp;4.2 and the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;10.3 shall
survive.</P>

<B><P> Section 4.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889673">Application of Trust Money</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>

<P>Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;10.3, all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.1 shall be held in
trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and
this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and
interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 5<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889674">REMEDIES</A></P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 5.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889675">Events of Default</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>&quot;Event of Default,&quot; wherever used herein with respect to Securities
of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for
such Event of Default and whether it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be
effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any
court or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental
body), unless in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers'
Certificate establishing such series, it is provided that such series shall not
have the benefit of said Event of Default:</P>
<OL>

<LI>default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that series when
it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30
days; or</LI>
<LI>default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any Security of
that series at its Maturity; or</LI>
<LI>default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by the
terms of a Security of that series; or</LI>
<LI>default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of the
Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose
performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section&nbsp;specifically dealt
with or which has expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the
benefit of series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such
default or breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by
registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company
and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series a written notice specifying such default
or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a
&quot;Notice of Default&quot; hereunder; or</LI>
<LI>the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A)&nbsp;a
decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or
proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar law or (B)&nbsp;a decree or order adjudging the
Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition
seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect
of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a
custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other
similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of
any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed
and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or</LI>
<LI>the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any
applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or
insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in
respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable
Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or
to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against
it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking
reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the
consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking
possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator
or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its
property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or
the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as
they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance
of any such action; or</LI>
<LI>any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that
series in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate
establishing that series.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 5.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889676">Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and
Annulment</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Unless the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate
establishing such series provides otherwise, if an Event of Default (other than
an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(5) or 5.1(6)) with respect to
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then
in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal
amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of that
series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof), and
premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon, to
be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to
the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such
principal amount (or specified amount), and premium, if any, together with
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon, shall become immediately due and
payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(5) or 5.1(6) with
respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs, the
principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of
that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the
principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof),
and premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon,
shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of
the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable.</P>
<P>At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to
pay</LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,</LI>
<LI>the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of that series
which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any
interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such
Securities,</LI>
<LI>to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue
interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and</LI>
<LI>all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel; and</LI></OL>

<LI>all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than
the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series that have become
due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as
provided in Section&nbsp;5.13. </LI></OL>

<P>No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889677">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for
Enforcement by Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company covenants that if</P>
<OL>

<LI>default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such
interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30
days, or</LI>
<LI>default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on)
any Security at the Maturity thereof, the Company will, upon demand of the
Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole
amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and
interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue
interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in
addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.</LI></OL>

<P>If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is
continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its
rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any
covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889678">Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the Trustee shall
be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to
take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to
have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding. In
particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or
other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the
same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator
or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized
by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to
pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>
<P>No provision of this Indenture shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to
authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of
reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities
or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in
respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that the Trustee may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the
election of a trustee in bankruptcy or similar official and be a member of a
creditors' or other similar committee.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889679">Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be
prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any
such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as
trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision
for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of
the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been
recovered.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889680">Application of Money Collected</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied
in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case
of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium or
interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the
payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</P>
<P>FIRST:  To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under
Section&nbsp;6.7;</P>
<P>SECOND:  To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of
and any premium, if any, and interest on the Securities in respect of which or
for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without
preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on
such Securities for principal and any premium, if any, and interest,
respectively; and</P>
<P>THIRD:  The balance, if any, to the Company or any other Person or Persons
entitled thereto.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889681">Limitation on Suits</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any
proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless</P>
<OL>

<LI>such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a
continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;</LI>
<LI>the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;</LI>
<LI>such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity
against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with
such request;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer
of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and</LI>
<LI>no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the
Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; </LI></OL>

<P>it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall
have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any
provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any
other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference
over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture,
except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of
all of such Holders.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889682">Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive
Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any
Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive
payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section&nbsp;3.7)
interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date), to convert
such Securities in accordance with Article 14 to the extent that such right to
convert is applicable to such Security, and to institute suit for the
enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without
the consent of such Holder.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889683">Restoration of Rights and Remedies</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any
right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or
to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in
such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though
no such proceeding had been instituted.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889684">Rights and Remedies Cumulative</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of
Section&nbsp;3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the
Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or
remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be
cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or
now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or
employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889685">Delay or Omission Not Waiver</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to
exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article or by law to
the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often
as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee (subject to the limitations contained
in this Indenture) or by the Holders, as the case may be.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889686">Control by Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of
such series, <U>provided</U> that</P>
<OL>

<LI>such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this
Indenture and the Trustee shall not have determined that the action so directed
would be unjustly prejudicial to Holders of Securities of that series, or any
other series, not taking part in such direction; and</LI>
<LI>the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee that is
not inconsistent with such direction or this Indenture.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 5.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889687">Waiver of Past Defaults</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such
series and its consequences, except</P>
<OL>

<LI>a default in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on
any Security of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable by
the terms thereof, otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been
cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest,
principal and premium, if any, has been deposited with the Trustee), or</LI>
<LI>to the extent such right is applicable to such Security, a failure by the
Company on request to convert any Security into Common Stock; or</LI>
<LI>in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article 9 cannot be
modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding
Security of such series affected.</LI></OL>

<P>Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889688">Undertaking for Costs</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture,
or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by
it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an
undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against any such
party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture
Act; <U>provided</U> <U>that</U> neither this Section&nbsp;nor the Trust
Indenture Act shall be deemed to authorize any court to require such an
undertaking or to make such an assessment in any suit instituted by the Company
or in any suit for the enforcement of the right to convert any Security in
accordance with Article 14.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.15 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889689">Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension
Laws</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will
not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take
the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted,
now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the
performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 6<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889690">THE TRUSTEE</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 6.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889691">Certain Duties and Responsibilities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by the
Trust Indenture Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise
incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder,
or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable
grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against
such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it. Whether or not therein
expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct
or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Section. </P>

<B><P> Section 6.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889692">Notice of Defaults</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Securities of any series, the
Trustee shall give the Holders of Securities of such series notice of such
default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that except in the case of a default in the
payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of
such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment or any conversion
right applicable to Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in
withholding such notice if and so long as a trust committee of directors and/or
Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding
of such notice is in the interests of the holders of Securities of such series;
<U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the case of any default
of the character specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(4) with respect to Securities of
such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 60 days
after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term
&quot;default&quot; means any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or
both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such
series.</P>
<P>Except with respect to Section&nbsp;10.1, the Trustee shall have no duty to
inquire as to the performance of the Company with respect to the covenants
contained in Article&nbsp;10.  In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to
have knowledge of an Event of Default except (i)&nbsp;any Default or Event of
Default occurring pursuant to Sections&nbsp;5.1(1), 5.1(2) and 5.1(3) (defaults
in payments on the Securities) or (ii)&nbsp;any Default or Event of Default of
which the Trustee shall have received written notification or obtained actual
knowledge.</P>
<P>Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under
Section&nbsp;7.4 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of
the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information
contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including
the Company's compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the
Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively on Officers' Certificates).</P>

<B><P> Section 6.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889693">Certain Rights of Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.1:</P>
<OL>

<LI>in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may rely
and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution,
certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction,
consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other
paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or
presented by the proper party or parties;</LI>
<LI>any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be
sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any resolution
of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board
Resolution;</LI>
<LI>whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it
desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or
omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein
specifically prescribed) is entitled to and may, in the absence of bad faith on
its part, rely upon an Officers' Certificate;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel
or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or
powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the
Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to
the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and
liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or
direction;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or
matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other
evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its
discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or
matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such
further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books,
records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;
and</LI>
<LI>the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any
duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the
Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of
any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 6.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889694">Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility
for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity,
sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the
Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or
application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889695">May Hold Securities and Act as Trustee under Other
Indentures</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to
Sections&nbsp;6.8 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same
rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent,
Security Registrar or such other agent.</P>
<P>Subject to the limitations imposed by the Trust Indenture Act, nothing in
this Indenture shall prohibit the Trustee from becoming and acting as trustee
under other indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest
of participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding in the same
manner as if it were not Trustee hereunder.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889696">Money Held in Trust</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise
agreed with the Company.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889697">Compensation and Reimbursement</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company agrees:</P>
<OL>

<LI>to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all
services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by
any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express
trust);</LI>
<LI>except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon
its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or
made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture
(including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its
agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be
attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and</LI>
<LI>to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its part,
arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the
trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself
against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of
any of its powers or duties hereunder.</LI></OL>

<P>&#9;When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of
Default specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(5) or Section&nbsp;5.1(6) hereof occurs,
the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and
expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or
similar law.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889698">Conflicting Interests</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning
of the Trust Indenture Act and there is an Event of Default under the Securities
of that series, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to
the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the
Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by the Trust
Indenture Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest by
virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to Securities of
more than one series.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889699">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with respect
to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder for Securities
of one or more other series. Each Trustee shall be a Person that is eligible
pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has (or if the Trustee is
a member of a bank holding company system, its bank holding company has) a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If any such Person or bank
holding company publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to
law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, then for
the purposes of this Section&nbsp;and to the extent permitted by the Trust
Indenture Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person or bank holding
company shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in
its most recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in
the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889700">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of
Successor</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor
Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of
appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11.</P>
<P>The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities of one or
more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument
of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section&nbsp;6.11 shall not
have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such
notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series.</P>
<P>The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any
series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.</P>
<P>If at any time:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section&nbsp;6.8 after written request
therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security for at least six months, or</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section&nbsp;6.9 and shall fail
to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder,
or</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt
or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed
or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its
property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
liquidation, </LI></OL>

<P>then, in any such case, (A)&nbsp;the Company by a Board Resolution may remove
the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (B)&nbsp;subject to
Section&nbsp;5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for
at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with
respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or
Trustees.</P>
<P>If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if
a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to
the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities
of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may
be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series
and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11. If, within one year after such resignation,
removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee
so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in
accordance with the applicable requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11, become the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that
extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been so
appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the manner
required by Section&nbsp;6.11, the retiring Trustee may petition, or any Holder
who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six
months may petition, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of such series.</P>
<P>The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of
Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;1.6. Each
notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889701">Acceptance of Appointment by Successor</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to
all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument
accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the
Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of
its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor
Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly
assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.</P>
<P>In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to
the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring
Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each
successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1)&nbsp;shall contain
such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to,
and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)&nbsp;if the
retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain
such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to
the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not
retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3)&nbsp;shall
add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary
to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more
than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such
supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same
trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder
separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other
such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture
the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the
extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or
those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on
request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall
duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and
money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of
that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee
relates.</P>
<P>Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and
all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such
successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the first or
second preceding paragraph, as the case may be.</P>
<P>No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such
acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this
Article.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889702">Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this
Indenture), shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.  In the
event that any Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor
Trustee, any such successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Securities
in either its own name or that of such predecessor Trustee, with the full force
and effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication
of the Trustee.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889703">Preferential Collection of Claims Against
Company</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any
other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against
the Company (or any such other obligor).</P>

<B><P> Section 6.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889704">Appointment of Authenticating Agent</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one
or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the
Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue and
upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent. Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having (or if the Authenticating Agent is a member of a bank holding
company system, its bank holding company has) a combined capital and surplus of
not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal
or State authority. If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition
at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so
published. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this
Section.</P>
<P>Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be
a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate
trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.</P>
<P>An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate
the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof to such
Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of
resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such
appointment in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;1.6 to all Holders of
Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will
serve. Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment
hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its
predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an
Authenticating Agent. No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed
unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.</P>
<P>The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustee
shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions
of Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>
<P>If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this
Section&nbsp;6.12, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
lieu of the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate
of authentication in the following form:</P>
<P>This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in
the within-mentioned Indenture.</P>
<P>________________,<BR>
   as Trustee</P>
<P>By: ______________<BR>
           as Authenticating Agent</P>
<P>By: ______________<BR>
           Authorized Officer</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 7<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889705">HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND
COMPANY</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 7.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889706">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>

<P>The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee</P>
<OL>

<LI>semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular Record Date for each
respective series of Securities, a list, in such form as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of
each series as of such Regular Record Date, as the case may be, or if there is
no Regular Record Date for such series of Securities, semi-annually, and</LI>
<LI>at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days
after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and
content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is
furnished; </LI></OL>

<U><P>provided</U> that no such list need be furnished by the Company to the
Trustee so long as the Trustee is acting as Security Registrar.</P>

<B><P> Section 7.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889707">Preservation of Information; Communications to
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section&nbsp;7.1 and the names and
addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar. The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section&nbsp;7.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</P>
<P>The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their
rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust
Indenture Act.</P>
<P>Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees with
the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any
agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any disclosure of
information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act.</P>

<B><P> Section 7.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889708">Reports by Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and
its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto.</P>
<P>Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more than 12
months shall be transmitted no later than July&nbsp;15 in each calendar year,
commencing with the first July&nbsp;15 after the first issuance of Securities
pursuant to this Indenture.</P>
<P>A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock
exchange.</P>

<B><P> Section 7.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889709">Reports by Company</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to
Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries
thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and
in the manner provided pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act; <U>provided</U> that
any such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the
Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be
filed with the Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed
with the Commission.</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 8<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889710">CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR
LEASE</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 8.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889711">Company May Consolidate, etc</A>.,
Only on Certain Terms<A NAME="eight"></A></B>.  </P>
<P>The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any other Person (in a
transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation) or convey,
transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any
Person, unless:</P>
<OL>

<LI>in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person (in
a transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation) or convey,
transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any
Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is
merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases,
the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a
corporation, limited liability company, partnership or trust, shall be organized
and validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State
thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture
supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory
to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium
and interest on all the Securities and the performance or observance of every
covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or
observed and the conversion rights shall be provided for in accordance with
Article 14, if applicable, or as otherwise specified pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.1, by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee,
executed and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person (if other than the Company)
formed by such consolidation or into which the Company shall have been merged or
by the Person which shall have acquired the Company's assets;</LI>
<LI>immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating any
indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary as a
result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such
Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event
which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default,
shall have occurred and be continuing; and</LI>
<LI>the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection
with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and
that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction
have been complied with.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 8.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889712">Successor Substituted</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into,
any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with
Section&nbsp;8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into
which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is
made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and
power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such
successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in
the case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations
and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>
</DIR>


<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 9<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889713">SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</A></LI></P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 9.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889714">Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee,
for any of the following purposes:</P>
<OL>

<LI>to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive
successions, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the
Company herein and in the Securities in compliance with Article&nbsp;8; or</LI>
<LI>to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all
or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of
less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly
being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right
or power herein conferred upon the Company; or</LI>
<LI>to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders of
all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events of Default are to
be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such
additional Events of Default are expressly being included solely for the benefit
of such series); or</LI>
<LI>to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent
as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in
bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without
interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in
uncertificated form; or</LI>
<LI>to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in
respect of one or more series of Securities, <U>provided</U> that any such
addition, change or elimination (A)&nbsp;shall neither (i)&nbsp;apply to any
Security of any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental
indenture and entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii)&nbsp;modify the
rights of the Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or
(B)&nbsp;shall become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding;
or</LI>
<LI>to secure the Securities, including provisions regarding the circumstances
under which collateral may be released or substituted; or</LI>
<LI>to add or provide for a guaranty of the Securities or additional obligors on
the Securities; or</LI>
<LI>to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by
Sections&nbsp;2.1 and 3.1; or</LI>
<LI>to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to
add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary
to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more
than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11; or</LI>
<LI>to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which
may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any
other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this
Indenture, <U>provided</U> <U>that</U> such action pursuant to this
clause&nbsp;(10) shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
Securities of any series in any material respect; or</LI>
<LI>to supplement any of the provisions of the Indenture to such extent as shall
be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series
of Securities pursuant to Articles&nbsp;4 and&nbsp;13, <U>provided</U> that any
such action shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of
Securities of such series or any other series of Securities in any material
respect.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 9.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889715">Supplemental Indentures with Consent of
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture,
by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company,
when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities of such series under this Indenture; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of
each Outstanding Security affected thereby,</P>
<OL>

<LI>change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of
principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount
thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the
redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue
Discount Security or any other Security which would be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2, or change the coin or currency in which, any Security or any
premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit
for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
(or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or modify the
provisions of this Indenture in the case of Securities of any series that are
convertible into Securities or other securities of the Company, adversely affect
the right of Holders to convert any of the Securities of such series other than
as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, or</LI>
<LI>reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental
indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of
compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults
hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or</LI>
<LI>modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section&nbsp;5.13 or
Section&nbsp;10.8, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that
certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without
the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that this clause shall not be deemed to require
the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to &quot;the
Trustee&quot; and concomitant changes in this Section and Section&nbsp;10.8, or
the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of
Sections&nbsp;6.11 and&nbsp;9.1(8), or</LI>
<LI>if applicable, make any change that adversely affects the right to convert
any security as provided in Article&nbsp;14 or pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1
(except as permitted by Section&nbsp;9.1(9)).</LI></OL>

<P>A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.</P>
<P>It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section&nbsp;to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889716">Execution of Supplemental Indentures</A></LI>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental
indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts
created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and
(subject to Sections&nbsp;6.1 and 6.3) shall be fully protected in relying upon,
an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture
is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee may, but shall not be
obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889717">Effect of Supplemental Indentures</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889718">Conformity with Trust Indenture Act</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform
to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889719">Reference in Securities to Supplemental
Indentures</A>

</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required
by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and
executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 10<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889720">COVENANTS</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 10.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889721">Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities
that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the
Securities and this Indenture.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889722">Maintenance of Office or Agency</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered
for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for conversion and where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.
The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and
any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company
shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to
furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands. Unless otherwise provided
in a supplemental indenture or pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 hereof, the Place of
Payment for any series of Securities shall be the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee.</P>
<P>The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or
agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such
designations; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for
such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any
such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such
other office or agency.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889723">Money for Securities Payments to be Held in
Trust</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to
any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal
of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series, segregate
and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum
sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due
until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein
provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to
act.</P>
<P>Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of
Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying
Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided by
the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the
Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.</P>
<P>The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other
than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which
such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1)&nbsp;comply with the provisions of
the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2)&nbsp;during
the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the
Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the
Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in
respect of the Securities of that series.</P>
<P>The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
money.</P>
<P>Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the
Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest
on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for a period ending on the
earlier of the date that is ten Business Days prior to the date such money would
escheat to the State or two years after such principal, premium or interest has
become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if
then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of
such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to
the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying
Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as
trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that
the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such
repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a
newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each
Business Day and of general circulation in each Place of Payment, notice that
such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which
shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed
balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889724">Statement by Officers as to Default</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof
the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms,
provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of
grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be
in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of
which they may have knowledge. The fiscal year of the Company currently ends on
December 31; and the Company will give the Trustee prompt written notice of any
change of its fiscal year.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889725">Existence</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Subject to Article 8, the Company will do or cause to be done all things
necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889726">Waiver of Certain Covenants</A>

</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for
Securities of such series, the Company may, with respect to the Securities of
any series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision
or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.1(19), 9.1(2) or 9.1(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such
series if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall, by Act
of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally
waive compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver
shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent
so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the
obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such
term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 11<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889727">REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 11.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889728">Applicability of Article</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Securities of any series that are redeemable before their Stated Maturity
shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities) in accordance
with this Article.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889729">Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a
Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by
Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election
of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series (including any such
redemption affecting only a single Security), the Company shall, at least 45
days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice
shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption
Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and,
if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any
redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate
evidencing compliance with such restriction.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889730">Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be
Redeemed</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless all
the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or
unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
not previously called for redemption, by lot, or in the Trustee's discretion, on
a pro-rata basis, <U>provided</U> that the unredeemed portion of the principal
amount of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not
be less than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security. If less
than all the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be
redeemed (unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
and specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the
preceding sentence.</P>
<P>If any Security selected for partial redemption is converted in part before
termination of the conversion right with respect to the portion of the Security
so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as
may be) to be the portion selected for redemption. Securities that have been
converted during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by
the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.</P>
<P>The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities
selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for
partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed.</P>
<P>The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with respect
to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such Security is to
be redeemed in whole or in part. In the case of any such redemption in part, the
unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the Security shall be in an
authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized
denomination) for such Security.</P>
<P>For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be
redeemed.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889731">Notice of Redemption</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>

<P>Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
mailed not fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date,
unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to each
Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at its address appearing in the Security
Register.</P>
<P>All notices of redemption shall state:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Redemption Date,</LI>
<LI>the Redemption Price (including accrued interest, if any),</LI>
<LI>if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series consisting of more
than a single Security are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case
of partial redemption of any such Securities, the principal amounts) of the
particular Securities to be redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding
Securities of any series consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the
principal amount of the particular Security to be redeemed,</LI>
<LI>in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, that on and after the
Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security
will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,</LI>
<LI>that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable
upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon
will cease to accrue on and after said date,</LI>
<LI>the place or places where each such Security is to be surrendered for
payment of the Redemption Price,</LI>
<LI>if applicable, the conversion price or the conversion rate, as the case may
be, the date on which the right to convert the principal of the Securities or
the portions thereof to be redeemed will terminate, and the place or places
where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion,</LI>
<LI>that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, and</LI>
<LI>the CUSIP number or numbers and/or common codes of the Security being
redeemed.</LI></OL>

<P>Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the
Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be
irrevocable.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889732">Deposit of Redemption Price</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section&nbsp;10.3) an amount
of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the
Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the
Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.</P>
<P>If any Security called for redemption is converted, any money deposited with
the Trustee or with a Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for the
redemption of such Security shall (subject to the right of any Holder of such
Security to receive interest as provided in the last paragraph of
Section&nbsp;3.7) be paid to the Company on Company Request, or if then held by
the Company, shall be discharged from such trust.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889733">Securities Payable on Redemption Date</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be
redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption
Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall
default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such
Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such Security for
redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the
Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the
Redemption Date; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, installments of interest whose
Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the
Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as
such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their
terms and the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>
<P>If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender
thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear
interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the
Security.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889734">Securities Redeemed in Part</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a
Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due
endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or its attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of
any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal
amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of
the Security so surrendered.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 12<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889735">SINKING FUNDS</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 12.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889736">Applicability of Article</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for
the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities.</P>
<P>The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of
any Securities is herein referred to as a &quot;mandatory sinking fund
payment,&quot; and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of such Securities is herein referred to as an &quot;optional sinking
fund payment.&quot; If provided for by the terms of any Securities, the cash
amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in
Section&nbsp;12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption
of Securities as provided for by the terms of such Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 12.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889737">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company (1)&nbsp;may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other
than any previously called for redemption) and (2)&nbsp;may apply as a credit
Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of
permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to any Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as and to the extent provided for by
the terms of such Securities; <U>provided</U> that the Securities to be so
credited have not been previously so credited. The Securities to be so credited
shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption
Price, as specified in the Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through
operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly.</P>

<B><P> Section 12.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889738">Redemption of Securities for Sinking
Fund</A> </OL>

</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Not fewer than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such
Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to
Section&nbsp;12.2 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered. Not fewer than 30 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date,
the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;11.3 and cause notice of
the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the
Company in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;11.4. Such notice having been
duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and
in the manner stated in Sections&nbsp;11.6 and 11.7.</P>
</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 13<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889739">DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 13.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889740">Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section&nbsp;13.2
or Section 13.3 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the
case may be, designated pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 as being defeasible
pursuant to such Section&nbsp;13.2 or 13.3, in accordance with any applicable
requirements provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 and upon compliance with the
conditions set forth below in this Article. Any such election shall be evidenced
by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by
Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889741">Defeasance and Discharge</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be, the
Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with
respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the date the
conditions set forth in Section&nbsp;13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter called
&quot;Defeasance&quot;). For this purpose, such Defeasance means that the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness
represented by such Securities and to have satisfied all its other obligations
under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are
concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging the same), subject to the following which shall
survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust
fund described in Section&nbsp;13.4 and as more fully set forth in such Section,
payments in respect of the principal of and any premium and interest on such
Securities when payments are due, </LI>
<LI>the Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under
Sections&nbsp;3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 10.2 and 10.3, and, if applicable, Article&nbsp;14,
</LI>
<LI>the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder,
and </LI>
<LI>this Article.  </LI></OL>

<P>Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option
(if any) to have this Section&nbsp;applied to any Securities notwithstanding the
prior exercise of its option (if any) to have Section&nbsp;13.3 applied to such
Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889742">Covenant Defeasance</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this
Section&nbsp;applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case
may be, </P>
<OL>

<LI>the Company shall be released from its obligations under any covenants
provided pursuant to Sections&nbsp;3.1(19), 9.1(2) or 9.1(7) for the benefit of
the Holders of such Securities and</LI>
<LI>the occurrence of any event specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(4) (with respect
to any such covenants provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1(19), 9.1(2) or
9.1(7)) and the occurrence of any other Event of Default specified pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.1 shall be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default,
</LI></OL>

<P>in each case with respect to such Securities or any series of Securities as
provided in this Section on and after the date the conditions set forth in
Section&nbsp;13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter called &quot;Covenant
Defeasance&quot;). For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with
respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have
no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any
such specified Section (to the extent so specified in the case of
Section&nbsp;5.1(4) and the occurrence of any Event of Default specified
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1), whether directly or indirectly by reason of any
reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or by reason of any reference in
any such Section to any other provision herein or in any other document, but the
remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889743">Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section&nbsp;13.2
or Section&nbsp;13.3 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case
may be:</P>
<OL>

<LI>The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with
the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the requirements contemplated by
Section&nbsp;6.9 and agrees to comply with the provisions of this Article
applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the
following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely
to, the benefits of the Holders of such Securities, </LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>in the case of Securities of a series denominated in currency of the United
States of America, </LI>
<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>cash in currency of the United States of America in an amount, or </LI>
<LI>U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal
and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not
later than one day before the due date of any payment, an amount in cash, or
</LI>
<LI>a combination thereof, or </LI></OL>

<LI>in the case of Securities of a series denominated in currency other than
that of the United States of America, </LI>
<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>cash in the currency in which such series of Securities is denominated in an
amount, or </LI>
<LI>Foreign Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of
principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will
provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, an amount in
cash, or </LI>
<LI>a combination thereof, </LI></OL>
</OL>

<P>in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by
the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the
principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities on the respective
Stated Maturities, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such
Securities. </P>
<LI>For Securities denominated in United States dollars, in the event of an
election to have Section&nbsp;13.2 apply to any Securities or any series of
Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
an Opinion of Counsel stating that </LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal
Revenue Service a ruling or</LI>
<LI>since the date of this instrument, there has been a change in the applicable
Federal income tax law, </LI></OL>

<P>in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion
shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or
loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, Defeasance and
discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to
Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times
as would be the case if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to
occur.</P>
<LI>For Securities denominated in United States dollars, in the event of an
election to have Section&nbsp;13.3 apply to any Securities or any series of
Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not
recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the
deposit and Covenant Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities
and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner
and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant
Defeasance were not to occur.</LI>
<LI>The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate to
the effect that neither such Securities nor any other Securities of the same
series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result
of such deposit.</LI>
<LI>No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an
Event of Default with respect to such Securities or any other Securities shall
have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit or, with regard to
any such event specified in Sections&nbsp;5.1(5) and (6), at any time on or
prior to the 90th day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that
this condition shall not be deemed satisfied until after such 90th day).</LI>
<LI>Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to have a
conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act (assuming all
Securities are in default within the meaning of such Act).</LI>
<LI>Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or
violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other
agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is
bound.</LI>
<LI>Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in the trust arising
from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the
Investment Company Act unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or
exempt from registration thereunder.</LI>
<LI>The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and
an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect
to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 13.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889744">Deposited Money, U</A>
..S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations to be Held in
Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions.</P>
</B><P>Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;10.3, all
money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations (including
the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee
(solely for purposes of this Section and Section&nbsp;13.6, the Trustee and any
such other trustee are referred to collectively as the &quot;Trustee&quot;)
pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.4 in respect of any Securities shall be held in
trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such
Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any
such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but
money so held in trust need not be segregated from other funds except to the
extent required by law. The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against
any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited pursuant to
Section&nbsp;13.4 or the principal and interest received in respect thereof
other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of
the Holders of Outstanding Securities. Anything in this Article to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to
time upon Company Request any money, U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign
Government Obligations held by it as provided in Section&nbsp;13.4 with respect
to any Securities which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then
be required to be deposited to effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as
the case may be, with respect to such Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889745">Reinstatement</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance
with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any order or
judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or
otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this
Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or
released pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.2 or 13.3 shall be revived and reinstated
as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article with respect to such
Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply
all money held in trust pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.5 with respect to such
Securities in accordance with this Article; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that if the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or interest
on any such Security following such reinstatement of its obligations, the
Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such
Securities to receive such payment from the money so held in trust.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 14<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62889746">CONVERSION OF SECURITIES</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 14.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889747">Applicability of Article</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any
series which are convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company, and the
issuance of such shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of such Securities,
except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for the
Securities of such series or in a supplemental indenture for the Securities of
such series.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889748">Exercise of Conversion Privilege</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In order to exercise a conversion privilege, the Holder of a Security of a
series with such a privilege shall surrender such Security to the Company at the
office or agency maintained for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.2,
accompanied by a duly executed conversion notice to the Company substantially in
the form set forth in Section&nbsp;2.6 stating that the Holder elects to convert
such Security or a specified portion thereof. Such notice shall also state, if
different from the name and address of such Holder, the name or names (with
address) in which the certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock,
which shall be issuable on such conversion, shall be issued. Securities
surrendered for conversion shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee)
be duly endorsed by or accompanied by instruments of transfer in forms
satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder or its
attorney duly authorized in writing.  As promptly as practicable after the
receipt of such notice and of any payment required pursuant to a Board
Resolution and, subject to Section&nbsp;3.3, set forth, or determined in the
manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto setting forth the terms of such series of
Security, and the surrender of such Security in accordance with such reasonable
regulations as the Company may prescribe, the Company shall issue and shall
deliver, at the office or agency at which such Security is surrendered, to such
Holder or on its written order, a certificate or certificates for the number of
full shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of such Security (or
specified portion thereof), in accordance with the provisions of such Board
Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture, and cash as
provided therein in respect of any fractional share of such Common Stock
otherwise issuable upon such conversion. Such conversion shall be deemed to have
been effected immediately prior to the close of business on the date on which
such notice and such payment, if required, shall have been received in proper
order for conversion by the Company and such Security shall have been
surrendered as aforesaid (unless such Holder shall have so surrendered such
Security and shall have instructed the Company to effect the conversion on a
particular date following such surrender and such Holder shall be entitled to
convert such Security on such date, in which case such conversion shall be
deemed to be effected immediately prior to the close of business on such date)
and at such time the rights of the Holder of such Security as such Security
Holder shall cease and the person or persons in whose name or names any
certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock of the Company shall be
issuable upon such conversion shall be deemed to have become the Holder or
Holders of record of the shares represented thereby. Except as set forth above
and subject to the final paragraph of Section&nbsp;3.7, no payment or adjustment
shall be made upon any conversion on account of any interest accrued on the
Securities (or any part thereof) surrendered for conversion or on account of any
dividends on the Common Stock of the Company issued upon such conversion. In the
case of any Security which is converted in part only, upon such conversion the
Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to or on
the order of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security
or Securities of the same series, of authorized denominations, in aggregate
principal amount equal to the unconverted portion of such Security.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889749">No Fractional Shares</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No fractional share of Common Stock of the Company shall be issued upon
conversions of Securities of any series. If more than one Security shall be
surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of full
shares which shall be issuable upon conversion shall be computed on the basis of
the aggregate principal amount of the Securities (or specified portions thereof
to the extent permitted hereby) so surrendered. If, except for the provisions of
this Section&nbsp;14.3, any Holder of a Security or Securities would be entitled
to a fractional share of Common Stock of the Company upon the conversion of such
Security or Securities, or specified portions thereof, the Company shall pay to
such Holder an amount in cash equal to the current market value of such
fractional share computed, (i)&nbsp;if such Common Stock is listed or admitted
to unlisted trading privileges on a national securities exchange or market, on
the basis of the last reported sale price regular way on such exchange or market
on the last trading day prior to the date of conversion upon which such a sale
shall have been effected, or (ii)&nbsp; if such Common Stock is not at the time
so listed or admitted to unlisted trading privileges on a national securities
exchange or market, on the basis of the average of the bid and asked prices of
such Common Stock in the over-the-counter market, on the last trading day prior
to the date of conversion, as reported by the National Quotation Bureau,
Incorporated or similar organization if the National Quotation Bureau,
Incorporated is no longer reporting such information, or if not so available,
the fair market price as determined by the Board of Directors. For purposes of
this Section, &quot;trading day&quot; shall mean each Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday and Friday other than any day on which the Common Stock is
not traded on the Nasdaq National Market, or if the Common Stock is not traded
on the Nasdaq National Market, on the principal exchange or market on which the
Common Stock is traded or quoted.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889750">Adjustment of Conversion Price or Conversion
Rate</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The conversion price or conversion rate, as the case may be, of Securities of
any series that is convertible into Common Stock of the Company shall be
adjusted for any stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications, combinations
or similar transactions in accordance with the terms of the supplemental
indenture or Board Resolutions setting forth the terms of the Securities of such
series. Whenever the conversion price or conversion rate, as the case may be, is
adjusted, the Company shall compute the adjusted conversion price or conversion
rate, as the case may be, in accordance with terms of the applicable Board
Resolution or supplemental indenture and shall prepare an Officers' Certificate
setting forth the adjusted conversion price or conversion rate, as the case may
be, and showing in reasonable detail the facts upon which such adjustment is
based, and such certificate shall forthwith be filed at each office or agency
maintained for the purpose of conversion of Securities pursuant to
Section&nbsp;10.2 and, if different, with the Trustee. The Company shall
forthwith cause a notice setting forth the adjusted conversion price or
conversion rate, as the case may be, to be mailed, first class postage prepaid,
to each Holder of Securities of such series at its address appearing on the
Security Register and to any conversion agent other than the Trustee.  </P>

<B><P> Section 14.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889751">Notice of Certain Corporate Actions</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution) on its
Common Stock payable otherwise than in cash out of its retained earnings (other
than a dividend for which approval of any shareholders of the Company is
required) that would require an adjustment pursuant to Section&nbsp;14.4;
or</LI>
<LI>the Company shall authorize the granting to all or substantially all of the
holders of its Common Stock of rights, options or warrants to subscribe for or
purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any other rights (other
than any such grant for which approval of any shareholders of the Company is
required); or</LI>
<LI>of any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Company (other than a
subdivision or combination of its outstanding shares of Common Stock, or of any
consolidation, merger or share exchange to which the Company is a party and for
which approval of any shareholders of the Company is required), or of the sale
of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; or</LI>
<LI>of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of
the Company; </LI></OL>

<P>then the Company shall cause to be filed with the Trustee, and shall cause to
be mailed to all Holders at their last addresses as they shall appear in the
Security Register, at least 20 days (or 10 days in any case specified in
clause&nbsp;(1) or (2) above) prior to the applicable record date hereinafter
specified, a notice stating (i)&nbsp;the date on which a record is to be taken
for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, rights, options or warrants, or,
if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock
of record to be entitled to such dividend, distribution, rights, options or
warrants are to be determined, or (ii)&nbsp;the date on which such
reclassification, consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale, dissolution,
liquidation or winding up is expected to become effective, and the date as of
which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to
exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property
deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, share exchange,
sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. If at any time the Trustee shall
not be the conversion agent, a copy of such notice shall also forthwith be filed
by the Company with the Trustee.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889752">Reservation of Shares of Common Stock</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available, free from
preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued Common Stock, for the
purpose of effecting the conversion of Securities, the full number of shares of
Common Stock of the Company then issuable upon the conversion of all outstanding
Securities of any series that has conversion rights.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889753">Payment of Certain Taxes upon Conversion</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as provided in the next sentence, the Company will pay any and all
taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of shares of its
Common Stock on conversion of Securities pursuant hereto. The Company shall not,
however, be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any
transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares of its Common Stock in a
name other than that of the Holder of the Security or Securities to be
converted, and no such issue or delivery shall be made unless and until the
person requesting such issue has paid to the Company the amount of any such tax,
or has established, to the satisfaction of the Company, that such tax has been
paid.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889754">Nonassessability</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company covenants that all shares of its Common Stock that may be issued
upon conversion of Securities will upon issue in accordance with the terms
hereof be duly and validly issued and fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889755">Provision in Case of Consolidation, Merger or Sale
of Assets</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise provided by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of
Securities or in a supplemental indenture with respect to any series of
Securities, in case of any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into
any other Person, any merger of another Person with or into the Company (other
than a merger which does not result in any reclassification, conversion,
exchange or cancellation of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company)
or any conveyance, sale, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the
assets of the Company, the Person formed by such consolidation or resulting from
such merger or which acquires such assets, as the case may be, shall execute and
deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture providing that the Holder of
each Security of a series then Outstanding that is convertible into Common Stock
of the Company shall have the right thereafter (which right shall be the
exclusive conversion right thereafter available to said Holder), during the
period such Security shall be convertible, to convert such Security only into
the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such
consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by a holder of the
number of shares of Common Stock of the Company into which such Security might
have been converted immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
sale, transfer or lease, assuming such holder of Common Stock of the Company
(i)&nbsp;is not a Person with which the Company consolidated or merged with or
into or which merged into or with the Company or to which such conveyance, sale,
transfer or lease was made, as the case may be (a &quot;Constituent
Person&quot;), or an Affiliate of a Constituent Person and (ii)&nbsp;failed to
exercise his rights of election, if any, as to the kind or amount of securities,
cash and other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
sale, transfer or lease (provided that if the kind or amount of securities, cash
and other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale,
transfer, or lease is not the same for each share of Common Stock of the Company
held immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer
or lease by others than a Constituent Person or an Affiliate thereof and in
respect of which such rights of election shall not have been exercised
(&quot;Non-electing Share&quot;), then for the purpose of this Section&nbsp;14.9
the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such
consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by the holders of
each Non-electing Share shall be deemed to be the kind and amount so receivable
per share by a plurality of the Non-electing Shares). Such supplemental
indenture shall provide for adjustments which, for events subsequent to the
effective date of such supplemental indenture, shall be as nearly equivalent as
may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Article or in
accordance with the terms of the supplemental indenture or Board Resolutions
setting forth the terms of such adjustments. The above provisions of this
Section&nbsp;14.9 shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers,
conveyances, sales, transfers or leases. Notice of the execution of such a
supplemental indenture shall be given by the Company to the Holder of each
Security of a series that is convertible into Common Stock of the Company as
provided in Section&nbsp;1.6 promptly upon such execution. Neither the Trustee
nor any conversion agent, if any, shall be under any responsibility to determine
the correctness of any provisions contained in any such supplemental indenture
relating either to the kind or amount of shares of stock or other securities or
property or cash receivable by Holders of Securities of a series convertible
into Common Stock of the Company upon the conversion of their Securities after
any such consolidation, merger, conveyance, transfer, sale or lease or to any
such adjustment, but may accept as conclusive evidence of the correctness of any
such provisions, and shall be protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel
with respect thereto, which the Company shall cause to be furnished to the
Trustee upon request.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889756">Duties of Trustee Regarding Conversion</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall at any time be under any
duty or responsibility to any Holder of Securities of any series that is
convertible into Common Stock of the Company to determine whether any facts
exist which may require any adjustment of the conversion price or conversion
rate, as the case may be, or with respect to the nature or extent of any such
adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed, whether herein or
in any supplemental indenture, any resolutions of the Board of Directors or
written instrument executed by one or more officers of the Company provided to
be employed in making the same. Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent
shall be accountable with respect to the validity or value (or the kind or
amount) of any shares of Common Stock of the Company, or of any securities or
property, which may at any time be issued or delivered upon the conversion of
any Securities and neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent makes any
representation with respect thereto. Subject to the provisions of
Section&nbsp;6.1, neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be
responsible for any failure of the Company to issue, transfer or deliver any
shares of its Common Stock or stock certificates or other securities or property
upon the surrender of any Security for the purpose of conversion or to comply
with any of the covenants of the Company contained in this Article 14 or in the
applicable supplemental indenture, resolutions of the Board of Directors or
written instrument executed by one or more duly authorized officers of the
Company.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62889757">Repayment of Certain Funds upon
Conversion</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any funds which at any time shall have been deposited by the Company or on
its behalf with the Trustee or any other paying agent for the purpose of paying
the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on any of the
Securities (including, but not limited to, funds deposited for the sinking fund
referred to in Article&nbsp;12 hereof and funds deposited pursuant to
Article&nbsp;13 hereof) and which shall not be required for such purposes
because of the conversion of such Securities as provided in this Article&nbsp;14
shall after such conversion be repaid to the Company by the Trustee upon the
Company's written request.</P>
</DIR>



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<P>IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly
executed as of the day and year first above written.</P><DIR>
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<P>8X8, INC.<BR>
   By:_________________<BR>
       Title: ________________</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>_______________,<BR>
   as Trustee</P>
<P>By:_________________<BR>
       Title: ________________</P>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.2
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>exh4-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>04012004 S3 Exhibit 4.2</TITLE>
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<font FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="2">

<P ALIGN="CENTER">&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;Exhibit 4.2
&#9;</P>


<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">8X8, INC.</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">TO</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">________________,</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">AS TRUSTEE</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">INDENTURE</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">DATED AS OF __________, 2004</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">SUBORDINATED DEBT SECURITIES</P>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">TABLE OF CONTENTS</P>


<DIR>
<DIR>
<P>ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896551">*</A><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>



<P>Section 1.1&#9;Definitions&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896552">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.2&#9;Compliance Certificates and Opinions&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896553">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.3&#9;Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896554">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.4&#9;Acts of Holders; Record Dates&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896555">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.5&#9;Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896556">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.6&#9;Notice to Holders; Waiver&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896557">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.7&#9;Conflict with Trust Indenture Act&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896558">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.8&#9;Effect of Headings and Table of Contents&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896559">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.9&#9;Successors and Assigns&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896560">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.10&#9;Separability Clause&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896561">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.11&#9;Benefits of Indenture&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896562">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.12&#9;Governing Law&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896563">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.13&#9;Legal Holidays&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896564">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.14&#9;Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate Obligations&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896565">*</A></P>
<P>Section 1.15&#9;Indenture May be Executed in Counterparts&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896566">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 2 SECURITY FORMS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896567">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 2.1&#9;Forms Generally&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896568">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.2&#9;Form of Face of Security&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896569">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.3&#9;Form of Reverse of Security&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896570">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.4&#9;Form of Legend for Global Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896571">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.5&#9;Form of Trustee's Certificate of Authentication&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896572">*</A></P>
<P>Section 2.6&#9;Form of Conversion Notice&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896573">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 3 THE SECURITIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896574">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 3.1&#9;Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896575">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.2&#9;Denominations&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896576">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.3&#9;Execution, Authentication, Delivery and Dating&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896577">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.4&#9;Temporary Securities&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896578">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.5&#9;Registration; Registration of Transfer and Exchange&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896579">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.6&#9;Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896580">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.7&#9;Payment of Interest; Interest Rights Preserved&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896581">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.8&#9;Persons Deemed Owners&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896582">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.9&#9;Cancellation&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896583">*</A></P>
<P>Section 3.10&#9;Computation of Interest&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896584">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 4 SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896585">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 4.1&#9;Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896586">*</A></P>
<P>Section 4.2&#9;Application of Trust Money&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896587">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 5 REMEDIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896588">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 5.1&#9;Events of Default&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896589">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.2&#9;Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896590">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.3&#9;Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896591">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.4&#9;Trustee May File Proofs of Claim&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896592">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.5&#9;Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896593">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.6&#9;Application of Money Collected&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896594">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.7&#9;Limitation on Suits&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896595">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.8&#9;Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal, Premium
and Interest and to Convert&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896596">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.9&#9;Restoration of Rights and Remedies&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896597">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.10&#9;Rights and Remedies Cumulative&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896598">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.11&#9;Delay or Omission Not Waiver&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896599">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.12&#9;Control by Holders&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896600">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.13&#9;Waiver of Past Defaults&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896601">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.14&#9;Undertaking for Costs&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896602">*</A></P>
<P>Section 5.15&#9;Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension Laws&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896603">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 6 THE TRUSTEE&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896604">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 6.1&#9;Certain Duties and Responsibilities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896605">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.2&#9;Notice of Defaults&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896606">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.3&#9;Certain Rights of Trustee&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896607">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.4&#9;Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896608">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.5&#9;May Hold Securities and Act as Trustee under Other
Indentures&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896609">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.6&#9;Money Held in Trust&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896610">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.7&#9;Compensation and Reimbursement&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896611">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.8&#9;Conflicting Interests&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896612">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.9&#9;Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896613">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.10&#9;Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896614">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.11&#9;Acceptance of Appointment by Successor&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896615">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.12&#9;Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896616">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.13&#9;Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896617">*</A></P>
<P>Section 6.14&#9;Appointment of Authenticating Agent&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896618">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 7 HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896619">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 7.1&#9;Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
Holders&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896620">*</A></P>
<P>Section 7.2&#9;Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896621">*</A></P>
<P>Section 7.3&#9;Reports by Trustee&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896622">*</A></P>
<P>Section 7.4&#9;Reports by Company&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896623">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 8 CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR LEASE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896624">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 8.1&#9;Company May&nbsp;Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain
Terms.&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896625">*</A></P>
<P>Section 8.2&#9;Successor Substituted&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896626">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 9 SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896627">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 9.1&#9;Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896628">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.2&#9;Supplemental Indentures with Consent of Holders&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896629">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.3&#9;Execution of Supplemental Indentures&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896630">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.4&#9;Effect of Supplemental Indentures&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896631">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.5&#9;Conformity with Trust Indenture Act&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896632">*</A></P>
<P>Section 9.6&#9;Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896633">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 10 COVENANTS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896634">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 10.1&#9;Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896635">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.2&#9;Maintenance of Office or Agency&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896636">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.3&#9;Money for Securities Payments to be Held in Trust&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896637">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.4&#9;Statement by Officers as to Default&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896638">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.5&#9;Existence&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896639">*</A></P>
<P>Section 10.6&#9;Waiver of Certain Covenants&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896640">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 11 REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896641">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 11.1&#9;Applicability of Article&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896642">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.2&#9;Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896643">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.3&#9;Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be Redeemed&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896644">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.4&#9;Notice of Redemption&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896645">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.5&#9;Deposit of Redemption Price&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896646">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.6&#9;Securities Payable on Redemption Date&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896647">*</A></P>
<P>Section 11.7&#9;Securities Redeemed in Part&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896648">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 12 SINKING FUNDS&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896649">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 12.1&#9;Applicability of Article&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896650">*</A></P>
<P>Section 12.2&#9;Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896651">*</A></P>
<P>Section 12.3&#9;Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896652">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 13 DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896653">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 13.1&#9;Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896654">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.2&#9;Defeasance and Discharge&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896655">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.3&#9;Covenant Defeasance&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896656">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.4&#9;Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896657">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.5&#9;Deposited Money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign
Government Obligations to be Held in Trust; Miscellaneous Provisions.&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896658">*</A></P>
<P>Section 13.6&#9;Reinstatement&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896659">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 14 CONVERSION OF SECURITIES&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896660">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 14.1&#9;Applicability of Article&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896661">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.2&#9;Exercise of Conversion Privilege&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896662">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.3&#9;No Fractional Shares&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896663">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.4&#9;Adjustment of Conversion Price or Conversion Rate&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896664">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.5&#9;Notice of Certain Corporate Actions&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896665">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.6&#9;Reservation of Shares of Common Stock&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896666">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.7&#9;Payment of Certain Taxes upon Conversion&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896667">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.8&#9;Nonassessability&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896668">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.9&#9;Provision in Case of Consolidation, Merger or Sale of
Assets&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896669">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.10&#9;Duties of Trustee Regarding Conversion&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896670">*</A></P>
<P>Section 14.11&#9;Repayment of Certain Funds upon Conversion&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896671">*</A></P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>

<P>ARTICLE 15 SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896672">*</A></P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>Section 15.1&#9;Agreement of Subordination&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896673">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.2&#9;Payments to Holders&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896674">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.3&#9;Subrogation of Securities&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896675">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.4&#9;Authorization to Effect Subordination&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896676">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.5&#9;Notice to Trustee&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896677">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.6&#9;Trustee's Relation to Senior Debt&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896678">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.7&#9;No Impairment of Subordination&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896679">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.8&#9;Certain Conversions/Exchanges Deemed Payment&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896680">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.9&#9;Article Applicable to Paying Agents&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896681">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.10&#9;Senior Debt Entitled to Rely&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896682">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.11&#9;Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of Liquidating
Agent&#9;<A HREF="#_Toc62896683">*</A></P>
<P>Section 15.12&#9;Trust Monies Not Subordinated.&#9;<A
HREF="#_Toc62896684">*</A></P>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P>
<P>Certain Sections of this Indenture relating to Sections 3.10 through 3.18,
inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939:</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=7 WIDTH=662>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;310&#9;(a)(1)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(2)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.9</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(3)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(4)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.8, 6.10</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;311&#9;(a)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;312&#9;(a)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.1, 7.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(c)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;313&#9;(a)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(c)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(d)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;314&#9;(a)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;7.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(4)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;1.1, 10.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(c)(1)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;1.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(c)(2)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;1.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(c)(3)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(d)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(e)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;1.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;315 &#9;(a)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.2</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(c)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(d)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;6.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(e)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;5.14</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;316 &#9;(a)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;1.1</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(1)(A)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;5.2, 5.12</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(1)(B)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;5.13</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(2)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;Not Applicable</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;5.8</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(c)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;1.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;317&#9;(a)(1)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;5.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(a)(2)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;5.4</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;(b)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;10.3</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD WIDTH="81%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>Section&nbsp;318&#9;(a)&#9;</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%" VALIGN="TOP">
<FONT SIZE=2><P>&#9;1.7</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<FONT SIZE=3><P>NOTE:  This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose,
be deemed to be a part of the Indenture.</P>
</FONT><P>INDENTURE, dated as of __________, 2004, between 8X8, Inc., a
corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware
(herein called the &quot;Company&quot;), having its principal executive office
at 2445 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95054, as Trustee
(herein called the &quot;Trustee&quot;).</P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">RECITALS OF THE COMPANY</P>
</B><P>The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its unsecured
subordinated debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (herein called
the &quot;Securities&quot;), to be issued in one or more series as provided in
this Indenture.</P>
<P>All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company,
in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH</B>:</P>
<P>For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities
by the Holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and
proportionate benefit of all Holders of the Securities or of series thereof
appertaining, as follows:</P>


<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 1<BR><BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896551">DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL
APPLICATION</A></P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 1.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896552">Definitions</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>For all purposes of this Indenture, except as otherwise expressly provided or
unless the context otherwise requires:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the terms defined in this Article&nbsp;have the meanings assigned to them in
this Article and include the plural as well as the singular;</LI>
<LI>all other terms used herein which are defined in the Trust Indenture Act,
either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them
therein;</LI>
<LI>all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings assigned
to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States of America, and, except as otherwise herein expressly
<U>provided</U>, the term &quot;generally accepted accounting principles&quot;
with respect to any computation required or permitted hereunder shall mean such
accounting principles in the United States of America as are generally accepted
at the date of such computation;</LI>
<LI>all references to &quot;$&quot; refer to the lawful currency of the United
States of America;</LI>
<LI>unless the context otherwise requires, any reference to an
&quot;Article&quot; or a &quot;Section&quot; refers to an Article&nbsp;or a
Section, as the case may be, of this Indenture; and</LI>
<LI>the words &quot;herein,&quot; &quot;hereof&quot; and &quot;hereunder&quot;
and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to
any particular Article, Section&nbsp;or other subdivision.</LI>
</OL>

<P>&quot;Act,&quot; when used with respect to any Holder, has the meaning
specified in Section&nbsp;1.4.</P>
<P>&quot;Affiliate&quot; of any specified Person means any other Person directly
or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common
control with such specified Person.</P>
<P>&quot;Authenticating Agent&quot; means any Person authorized by the Trustee
pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.14 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of one or more series.</P>
<P>&quot;Board of Directors&quot; means either the board of directors of the
Company or any duly authorized committee of that board empowered to act for it
with respect to this Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Board Resolution&quot; means a copy of a resolution certified by the
Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by
the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such
certification, and delivered to the Trustee.</P>
<P>&quot;Business Day,&quot; when used with respect to any Place of Payment,
means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday which is not a day on
which banking institutions in that Place of Payment are authorized or obligated
by law or executive order to close.</P>
<P>&quot;Commission&quot; means the Securities and Exchange Commission, from
time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act, or, if at any time
after the execution of this instrument such Commission is not existing and
performing the duties now assigned to it under the Trust Indenture Act, then the
body performing such duties at such time.</P>
<P>&quot;Common Stock&quot; includes any stock of any class of the Company which
has no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of
any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the
Company and which is not subject to redemption by the Company; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;14.9, shares issuable
upon conversion of Securities shall include only shares of the class designated
as Common Stock of the Company at the date of this Indenture or shares of any
class or classes resulting from any reclassification or reclassifications
thereof and which have no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts
payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or
winding-up of the Company and which are not subject to redemption by the
Company; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that if at any time there shall be
more than one such resulting class, the shares of each such class then so
issuable shall be substantially in the proportion which the total number of
shares of such class resulting from all such reclassifications bears to the
total number of shares of all such classes resulting from all such
reclassifications.</P>
<P>&quot;Company&quot; means the corporation named as the &quot;Company&quot; in
the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Person shall have
become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and
thereafter &quot;Company&quot; shall mean such successor Person.</P>
<P>&quot;Company Request&quot; or &quot;Company Order&quot; means a written
request or order signed in the name of the Company by its Chairman of the Board,
its Vice Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its President or a
Vice President, and by its principal financial officer, its Treasurer, an
Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, and delivered to
the Trustee.</P>
<P>&quot;control&quot; when used with respect to any specified Person means the
power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or
indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise; and the terms &quot;controlling&quot; and &quot;controlled&quot; have
meanings correlative to the foregoing.</P>
<P>&quot;Corporate Trust Office&quot; means the corporate trust office of the
Trustee at _________________________________, Attention:  ____________, or such
other office, designated by the Trustee by written notice to the Company, at
which at any particular time its corporate trust business shall be
administered.</P>
<P>&quot;corporation&quot; means a corporation, association, company, joint-
stock company or business trust.</P>
<P>&quot;Covenant Defeasance&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;13.3.</P>
<P>&quot;Defaulted Interest&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>
<P>&quot;Defeasance&quot; has the meaning specified in Section&nbsp;13.2.</P>
<P>&quot;Depositary&quot; means, with respect to Securities of any series
issuable in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, a
clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act that is designated to act as
Depositary for such Securities as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>
<P>&quot;Designated Senior Debt&quot; means the Company's obligations under any
particular Senior Debt in which the instrument creating or evidencing the same
or the assumption or guarantee thereof (or related agreements or documents to
which the Company is a party) expressly provides that such Senior Debt shall be
&quot;Designated Senior Debt&quot; for purposes of this Indenture (<I>provided
that</I> such instrument, agreement or other document may place limitations and
conditions on the right of such Senior Debt to exercise the rights of Designated
Senior Debt).  If any payment made to any holder of any Designated Senior Debt
or its Representative with respect to such Designated Senior Debt is rescinded
or must otherwise be returned by such holder or Representative upon the
insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of the Company or otherwise, the
reinstated Indebtedness of the Company arising as a result of such rescission or
return shall constitute Designated Senior Debt effective as of the date of such
rescission or return.</P>
<P>&quot;euro&quot; or &quot;euros&quot; means the currency adopted by those
nations participating in the third stage of the economic and monetary union
provisions of the Treaty on European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 7,
1992.</P>
<P>&quot;European Economic Area&quot; means the member nations of the European
Economic Area pursuant to the Oporto Agreement on the European Economic Area
dated May 2, 1992, as amended.</P>
<P>&quot;European Union&quot; means the member nations of the European Union
established by the Treaty of European Union, signed at Maastricht on February 2,
1992, which amended the Treaty of Rome establishing the European Community.</P>
<P>&quot;Event of Default&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;5.1.</P>
<P>&quot;Exchange Act&quot; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and any
statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.</P>
<P>&quot;Expiration Date&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;1.4.</P>
<P>&quot;Foreign Government Obligation&quot; means with respect to Securities of
any series which are not denominated in the currency of the United States of
America (x)&nbsp;any security which is (i)&nbsp;a direct obligation of the
government which issued or caused to be issued the currency in which such
security is denominated and for the payment of which obligations its full faith
and credit is pledged, or, with respect to Securities of any series which are
denominated in euros, a direct obligation of any member nation of the European
Union for the payment of which obligation the full faith and credit of the
respective nation is pledged so long as such nation has a credit rating at least
equal to that of the highest rated member nation of the European Economic Area,
or (ii)&nbsp;an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as
an agency or instrumentality of a government specified in clause (i) above the
payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit
obligation by the such government, which, in either case (i) or (ii), is not
callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y)&nbsp;any
depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section&nbsp;3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any Foreign Government Obligation
which is specified in clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of
the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment
of principal of or interest on any Foreign Government Obligation which is so
specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is
not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of
such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of
the Foreign Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or
interest evidenced by such depositary receipt. </P>
<P>&quot;Global Security&quot; means a Security that evidences all or part of
the Securities of any series and bears the legend set forth in Section&nbsp;2.4
(or such legend as may be specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for such
Securities).</P>
<P>&quot;Holder&quot; means a Person in whose name a Security is registered in
the Security Register.</P>
<P>&quot;Indebtedness&quot; means, with respect to any Person, and without
duplication, (a) all indebtedness, obligations and other liabilities (contingent
or otherwise) of such Person for borrowed money (including obligations of such
Person in respect of overdrafts, foreign exchange contracts, currency exchange
agreements, interest rate protection agreements, and any loans or advances from
banks, whether or not evidenced by notes or similar instruments) or evidenced by
bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments (whether or not the recourse of
the lender is to the whole of the assets of such person or to only a portion
thereof), other than any account payable or other accrued current liability or
obligation incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with the
obtaining of materials or services; (b)&nbsp;all reimbursement obligations and
other liabilities (contingent or otherwise) of such Person with respect to
letters of credit, bank guarantees or bankers' acceptances or similar
facilities; (c) all obligations and liabilities (contingent or otherwise) in
respect of leases of such Person required, in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles, to be accounted for as capitalized lease obligations on
the balance sheet of such Person and all obligations and other liabilities
(contingent or otherwise) under any lease or related document (including a
purchase agreement) in connection with the lease of real property which provides
that such Person is contractually obligated to purchase or cause a third party
to purchase the leased property and thereby guarantee a minimum residual value
of the leased property to the lessor and the obligations of such Person under
such lease or related document to purchase or to cause a third party to purchase
such leased property; (d)&nbsp;all obligations of such Person (contingent or
otherwise) with respect to interest rate and currency swaps, caps, floors,
collars, hedge agreements, forward contracts or similar agreements or
arrangements or foreign currency hedge, exchange, purchase or similar agreements
or arrangements; (e)&nbsp;all direct or indirect guaranties or similar
agreements by such Person in respect of, and obligations or liabilities
(contingent or otherwise) of such Person to purchase or otherwise acquire or
otherwise assure a creditor against loss in respect of, indebtedness,
obligations or liabilities of another person of the kind described in clauses
(a) through (d) above; (f)&nbsp;any indebtedness or other obligations described
in clauses (a) through (e) above secured by any mortgage, pledge, lien or other
encumbrance existing on property which is owned or held by such Person,
regardless of whether the indebtedness or other obligation secured thereby shall
have been assumed by such Person; and (g)&nbsp;any and all renewals, extensions,
modifications, replacements, restatements and refundings of, or, any
indebtedness or obligation issued in exchange for, any such indebtedness or
obligation of the kind described in clauses (a) through (f) above.</P>
<P>&quot;Indenture&quot; means this instrument as originally executed and as it
may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof,
including, for all purposes of this instrument and any such supplemental
indenture, the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act that are deemed to be a
part of and govern this instrument and any such supplemental indenture,
respectively.  The term &quot;Indenture&quot; shall also include the terms of
particular series of Securities established as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that if at any time more than one Person is
acting as Trustee under this Indenture due to the appointment of one or more
separate Trustees for any one or more separate series of Securities,
&quot;Indenture&quot; shall mean, with respect to such series of Securities for
which any such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as
it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures
supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof
and shall include the terms of particular series of Securities for which such
Person is Trustee established as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, exclusive,
however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of
Securities for which such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms
or provisions were adopted, and exclusive of any provisions or terms adopted by
means of one or more indentures supplemental hereto executed and delivered after
such Person had become such Trustee, but to which such person, as such Trustee,
was not a party; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U> that in the event that this
Indenture is supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental
hereto which are only applicable to certain series of Securities, the term
&quot;Indenture&quot; for a particular series of Securities shall only include
the supplemental indentures applicable thereto.</P>
<P>&quot;interest,&quot; when used with respect to an Original Issue Discount
Security, which by its terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest
payable after Maturity.</P>
<P>&quot;Interest Payment Date,&quot; when used with respect to any Security,
means the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.</P>
<P>&quot;Investment Company Act&quot; means the Investment Company Act of 1940
and any statute successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to
time.</P>
<P>&quot;Maturity,&quot; when used with respect to any Security, means the date
on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes
due and payable as therein or herein <U>provided</U>, whether at the Stated
Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, repurchase at the option of the
Holder, upon redemption or otherwise.</P>
<P>&quot;Notice of Default&quot; means a written notice of the kind specified in
Section&nbsp;5.1(4).</P>
<P>&quot;Officers' Certificate&quot; means a certificate signed by the Chairman
of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the
President or a Vice President, and by the principal financial officer, the
Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of
the Company, and delivered to the Trustee. One of the officers signing an
Officers' Certificate given pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.4 shall be the principal
executive, financial or accounting officer of the Company.</P>
<P>&quot;Opinion of Counsel&quot; means a written opinion of counsel, who may be
counsel for, or an employee of, the Company, and who shall be reasonably
acceptable to the Trustee.</P>
<P>&quot;Original Issue Discount Security&quot; means any Security that provides
for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon
a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2.</P>
<P>&quot;Outstanding,&quot; when used with respect to Securities, means, as of
the date of determination, all Securities theretofore authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture, except</P>

<OL>

<LI>Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or delivered to the Trustee
for cancellation;</LI>
<LI>Securities for whose payment or redemption money in the necessary amount has
been theretofore deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the
Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the
Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such Securities;
provided that, if such Securities are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption
has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor
satisfactory to the Trustee has been made;</LI>
<LI>Securities as to which Defeasance has been effected pursuant to
Section&nbsp;13.2; and</LI>
<LI>Securities which have been paid pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.6 or in exchange
for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered
pursuant to this Indenture, other than any such Securities in respect of which
there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that
such Securities are held by a bona fide purchaser in whose hands such Securities
are valid obligations of the Company; </LI>
</OL>

<U><P>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in determining whether the Holders of
the requisite principal amount of the Outstanding Securities have given, made or
taken any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action hereunder as of any date, (A)&nbsp;the principal amount of an
Original Issue Discount Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall
be the amount of the principal thereof which would be due and payable as of such
date upon acceleration of the Maturity thereof to such date pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2, (B)&nbsp;if, as of such date, the principal amount payable at
the Stated Maturity of a Security is not determinable, the principal amount of
such Security which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be the amount as
specified or determined as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, (C)&nbsp;the
principal amount of a Security denominated in one or more non-U.S. dollar
currencies or currency units which shall be deemed to be Outstanding shall be
the U.S. dollar equivalent, determined as of such date in the manner provided as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, of the principal amount of such Security (or,
in the case of a Security described in clause (A) or (B) above, of the amount
determined as provided in such clause), and (D)&nbsp;Securities owned by the
Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company
or of such other obligor shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding,
except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying
upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver
or other action, only Securities which the Trustee knows to be so owned shall be
so disregarded.  Securities so owned which have been pledged in good faith may
be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of the
Trustee the pledgee's right so to act with respect to such Securities and that
the pledgee is not the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any
Affiliate of the Company or of such other obligor.</P>
<P>&quot;Paying Agent&quot; means any Person authorized by the Company to pay
the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities on behalf of the
Company.</P>
<P>&quot;Payment Blockage Notice&quot; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;15.2.</P>
<P>&quot;Person&quot; means any individual, corporation, limited liability
company, partnership, joint venture, trust, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.</P>
<P>&quot;Place of Payment,&quot; when used with respect to the Securities of any
series, means the place or places where the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series are payable as specified as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>
<P>&quot;Predecessor Security&quot; of any particular Security means every
previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced
by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any
Security authenticated and delivered under Section&nbsp;3.6 in exchange for or
in lieu of a mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be deemed to
evidence the same debt as the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security.</P>
<P>&quot;Record Date&quot; means any Regular Record Date or Special Record
Date.</P>
<P>&quot;Redemption Date,&quot; when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this
Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Redemption Price,&quot; when used with respect to any Security to be
redeemed, means the price at which it is to be redeemed pursuant to this
Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Regular Record Date&quot; for the interest payable on any Interest
Payment Date on the Securities of any series means the date specified for that
purpose as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>
<P>&quot;Representative&quot; means the (a)&nbsp;indenture trustee or other
trustee, agent or representative for any Senior Debt or (b)&nbsp;with respect to
any Senior Debt that does not have any such trustee, agent or other
representative, (i)&nbsp;in the case of such Senior Debt issued pursuant to an
agreement providing for voting arrangements as among the holders or owners of
such Senior Debt, any holder or owner of such Senior Debt acting with the
consent of the required persons necessary to bind such holders or owners of such
Senior Debt and (ii)&nbsp;in the case of all other such Senior Debt, the holder
or owner of such Senior Debt.</P>
<P>&quot;Responsible Officer&quot; means, when used with respect to the Trustee,
an officer of the Trustee in the Corporate Trust Office assigned and duly
authorized by the Trustee to administer its corporate trust matters.</P>
<P>&quot;Securities&quot; has the meaning stated in the first recital of this
Indenture and more particularly means any Securities authenticated and delivered
under this Indenture.</P>
<P>&quot;Securities Act&quot; means the Securities Act of 1933 and any statute
successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.</P>
<P>&quot;Security Register&quot; and &quot;Security Registrar&quot; have the
respective meanings specified in Section&nbsp;3.5.</P>
<P>&quot;Senior Debt&quot; means the principal of, premium, if any, and interest
(including all interest accruing subsequent to the commencement of any
bankruptcy or similar proceeding, whether or not a claim for post-petition
interest is allowable as a claim in any such proceeding) on, and all fees and
other amounts payable in connection with, Indebtedness of the Company, whether
outstanding on the date of this Indenture or thereafter created, incurred,
assumed, guaranteed or in effect guaranteed by the Company (including all
deferrals, renewals, extensions or refundings of, or amendments, modifications
or supplements to, the foregoing), unless in the case of any particular
Indebtedness the instrument creating or evidencing the same or the assumption or
guarantee thereof expressly provides that such Indebtedness shall not be senior
in right of payment to the Securities or expressly provides that such
Indebtedness is &quot;<I>pari</I> <I>passu</I>&quot; or &quot; junior&quot; to
the Securities.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term Senior Debt shall not
include any Indebtedness of the Company to any Subsidiary of the Company.  If
any payment made to any holder of any Senior Debt or its Representative with
respect to such Senior Debt is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by such
holder or Representative upon the insolvency, bankruptcy or reorganization of
the Company or otherwise, the reinstated Indebtedness of the Company arising as
a result of such rescission or return shall constitute Senior Debt effective as
of the date of such rescission or return.</P>
<P>&quot;Special Record Date&quot; for the payment of any Defaulted Interest
means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>
<P>&quot;Stated Maturity,&quot; when used with respect to any Security or any
installment of principal thereof or interest thereon, means the date specified
in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or
such installment of principal or interest is due and payable.</P>
<P>&quot;Subsidiary&quot; means a Person of which more than 50% of the
outstanding voting stock having the power to elect a majority of the board of
directors of such Person (in the case of a corporation) is, or of which more
than 50% of the equity interests (in the case of a Person which is not a
corporation) are, at the time owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company or
by one or more other Subsidiaries, or by the Company and one or more other
Subsidiaries. For the purposes of this definition, &quot;voting stock&quot;
means stock or other similar interests to the Company which ordinarily has or
have voting power for the election of directors, or persons performing similar
functions, whether at all times or only so long as no senior class of stock or
other interests has or have such voting power by reason of any contingency.</P>
<P> &quot;Trust Indenture Act&quot; means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as in
force at the date as of which this instrument was executed; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended
after such date, &quot;Trust Indenture Act&quot; means, to the extent required
by any such amendment, the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 as so amended.</P>
<P>&quot;Trustee&quot; means the Person named as the &quot;Trustee&quot; in the
first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become
such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter
&quot;Trustee&quot; shall mean or include each Person who is then a Trustee
hereunder, and if at any time there is more than one such Person,
&quot;Trustee&quot; as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall
mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that series.</P>
<P>&quot;U.S. Government Obligation&quot; means (x) any security which is
(i)&nbsp;a direct obligation of the United States of America for the payment of
which the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged or
(ii)&nbsp;an obligation of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an
agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which
is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the
United States of America, which, in either case (i)&nbsp;or (ii), is not
callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and (y)&nbsp;any
depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the
Securities Act) as custodian with respect to any U.S. Government Obligation
which is specified in clause (x) above and held by such bank for the account of
the holder of such depositary receipt, or with respect to any specific payment
of principal of or interest on any U.S. Government Obligation which is so
specified and held, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is
not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of
such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of
the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of principal or interest
evidenced by such depositary receipt.</P>
<P>&quot;Vice President,&quot; when used with respect to the Company or the
Trustee, means any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a
word or words added before or after the title &quot;vice president.&quot;</P>



<B><P> Section 1.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896553">Compliance Certificates and Opinions</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any
action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee such certificates and opinions as may be required under the Trust
Indenture Act. Each such certificate or opinion shall be given in the form of an
Officers' Certificate, if to be given by an officer of the Company, or an
Opinion of Counsel, if to be given by counsel, and shall comply with the
requirements of the Trust Indenture Act and any other requirements set forth in
this Indenture.</P>
<P>Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or
covenant provided for in this Indenture shall include,</P>
<OL>

<LI>a statement that each individual signing such certificate or opinion has
read such covenant or condition and the definitions herein relating
thereto;</LI>
<LI>a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or
investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such
certificate or opinion are based;</LI>
<LI>a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he or she has made
such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to
express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has
been complied with; and</LI>
<LI>a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual, such
condition or covenant has been complied with.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 1.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896554">Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In any case where several matters are required to be certified by, or covered
by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such
matters be certified by, or covered by the opinion of, only one such Person, or
that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person
may certify or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more
other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may certify or give
an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.</P>
<P>Any certificate or opinion of an officer of the Company may be based, insofar
as it relates to legal matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, counsel, unless such officer knows, or in the exercise of
reasonable care should know, that the certificate or opinion or representations
with respect to the matters upon which his or her certificate or opinion is
based are erroneous. Any such certificate or opinion of counsel may be based,
insofar as it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or
representations by, an officer or officers of the Company stating that the
information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the
Company, unless such counsel knows, or in the exercise of reasonable care should
know, that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such
matters are erroneous.</P>
<P>Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other
instruments under this Indenture, they may, but need not, be consolidated and
form one instrument.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896555">Acts of Holders; Record Dates</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made or taken
by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced by one or more instruments of
substantially similar tenor signed by such Holders in person or by agent duly
appointed in writing; and, except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such
action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments are delivered
to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company.  The
Trustee shall promptly deliver to the Company copies of all such instrument or
instruments delivered to the Trustee. Such instrument or instruments (and the
action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to
as the &quot;Act&quot; of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments.
Proof of execution of any such instrument or of a writing appointing any such
agent shall be sufficient for any purpose of this Indenture and (subject to
Section&nbsp;6.1) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company, if made in
the manner provided in this Section.</P>
<P>The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such instrument or
writing may be proved by the affidavit of a witness of such execution or by a
certificate of a notary public or other officer authorized by law to take
acknowledgments of deeds, certifying that the individual signing such instrument
or writing acknowledged to him or her the execution thereof.  Where such
execution is by a signer acting in a capacity other than his or her individual
capacity, such certificate or affidavit shall also constitute sufficient proof
of his or her authority.  The fact and date of the execution of any such
instrument or writing, or the authority of the Person executing the same, may
also be proved in any other manner that the Trustee deems sufficient.</P>
<P>The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register.</P>
<P>Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or
other Act of the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the
same Security and the Holder of every Security issued upon the registration of
transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of
anything done, omitted or suffered to be done by the Trustee or the Company in
reliance thereon, whether or not notation of such action is made upon such
Security.</P>
<P>The Company may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to give, make or
take any request, demand, authorization, direction, vote, notice, consent,
waiver or other action provided or permitted by this Indenture to be given, made
or taken by Holders of Securities of such series, <U>provided</U> that the
Company may not set a record date for, and the provisions of this paragraph
shall not apply with respect to, the giving or making of any notice,
declaration, request or direction referred to in the next paragraph. If any
record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding
Securities of the relevant series on such record date, and no other Holders,
shall be entitled to take the relevant action, whether or not such Holders
remain Holders after such record date; <U>provided</U> that no such action shall
be effective hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration
Date by Holders of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of
such series on such record date.  Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to prevent the Company from setting a new record date for any action for which a
record date has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the
record date previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person
be canceled and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed
to render ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal
amount of Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action
is taken.  Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the
Company, at its own expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the
proposed action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the
Trustee in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in
the manner set forth in Section&nbsp;1.6.</P>
<P>The Trustee may set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining
the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any series entitled to join in the
giving or making of (i)&nbsp;any Notice of Default, (ii)&nbsp;any declaration of
acceleration referred to in Section&nbsp;5.2, (iii)&nbsp;any request to
institute proceedings referred to in Section&nbsp;5.7(2) or (iv)&nbsp;any
direction referred to in Section&nbsp;5.12, in each case with respect to
Securities of such series.  If any record date is set pursuant to this
paragraph, the Holders of Outstanding Securities of such series on such record
date, and no other Holders, shall be entitled to join in such notice,
declaration, request or direction, whether or not such Holders remain Holders
after such record date; <U>provided</U> that no such action shall be effective
hereunder unless taken on or prior to the applicable Expiration Date by Holders
of the requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of such series on
such record date.  Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the
Trustee from setting a new record date for any action for which a record date
has previously been set pursuant to this paragraph (whereupon the record date
previously set shall automatically and with no action by any Person be canceled
and of no effect), and nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to render
ineffective any action taken by Holders of the requisite principal amount of
Outstanding Securities of the relevant series on the date such action is taken.
Promptly after any record date is set pursuant to this paragraph, the Trustee,
at the Company's expense, shall cause notice of such record date, the proposed
action by Holders and the applicable Expiration Date to be given to the Company
in writing and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant series in the manner
set forth in Section&nbsp;1.6.</P>
<P>With respect to any record date set pursuant to this Section, the party
hereto which sets such record dates may designate any day as the
&quot;Expiration Date&quot; and from time to time may change the Expiration Date
to any earlier or later day; <U>provided</U> that no such change shall be
effective unless notice of the proposed new Expiration Date is given to the
other party hereto in writing, and to each Holder of Securities of the relevant
series in the manner set forth in Section&nbsp;1.6, on or prior to the existing
Expiration Date.  If an Expiration Date is not designated with respect to any
record date set pursuant to this Section, the party hereto which set such record
date shall be deemed to have initially designated the 180th day after such
record date as the Expiration Date with respect thereto, subject to its right to
change the Expiration Date as provided in this paragraph. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, no Expiration Date shall be later than the 180th day after the
applicable record date.</P>
<P>Without limiting the foregoing, a Holder entitled hereunder to take any
action hereunder with regard to any particular Security may do so with regard to
all or any part of the principal amount of such Security or by one or more duly
appointed agents each of which may do so pursuant to such appointment with
regard to all or any part of such principal amount.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896556">Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company</A>
</B><P>.&nbsp;Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this
Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to, or filed with,</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Trustee by any Holder or by the Company shall be sufficient for every
purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing (or by facsimile
transmissions, provided that oral confirmation of receipt shall have been
received) to or with the Trustee at its Corporate Trust Office, Attention:
Corporate Trust Department, or</LI>
<LI>the Company by the Trustee or by any Holder shall be sufficient for every
purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and
mailed, first-class postage prepaid, personally delivered or sent via overnight
courier to the Company addressed to it at the address of its principal office
specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at any other address
previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company, Attention: Chief
Financial Officer.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 1.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896557">Notice to Holders; Waiver</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of any event, such notice
shall be sufficiently given (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in
writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, or delivered by hand or
overnight courier, to each Holder affected by such event, at its address as it
appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest date (if any), and
not earlier than the earliest date (if any), prescribed for the giving of such
notice. Neither the failure to mail or deliver by hand or overnight courier any
notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed or delivered by hand or overnight
courier, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of such notice
with respect to other Holders. Where this Indenture provides for notice in any
manner, such notice may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive
such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall be the
equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders shall be filed with the
Trustee, but such filing shall not be a condition precedent to the validity of
any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.</P>
<P>In case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of
any other cause it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such
notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee shall constitute
a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896558">Conflict with Trust Indenture Act</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with a provision of
the Trust Indenture Act that is required under the Trust Indenture Act to be a
part of and govern this Indenture, the latter provision shall control.  If any
provision of this Indenture modifies or excludes any provision of the Trust
Indenture Act, which may be so modified or excluded, the latter provision shall
be deemed to apply to this Indenture as so modified or to be excluded, as the
case may be.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896559">Effect of Headings and Table of Contents</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents are for
convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896560">Successors and Assigns</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall bind its
successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896561">Separability Clause</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of
the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired
thereby.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896562">Benefits of Indenture</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall
give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and their successors
hereunder, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders, any benefit or any legal
or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896563">Governing Law</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<B><P>THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED UNDER
THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.</P></B>

<B><P> Section 1.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896564">Legal Holidays</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In any case where any Interest Payment Date, Redemption Date or Stated
Maturity of any Security or the last date on which a Holder has the right to
convert a Security at a particular conversion price or conversion rate, as the
case may be, shall not be a Business Day at any Place of Payment, then
(notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or of the Securities
(other than a provision of any Security which specifically states that such
provision shall apply in lieu of this Section)) payment of interest or principal
(and premium, if any) or, if applicable to a particular series of Securities,
conversion need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, but may be
made on the next succeeding Business Day at such Place of Payment with the same
force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or Redemption Date, at
the Stated Maturity or on such last day for conversion, as the case may be.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896565">Indenture and Securities Solely Corporate
Obligations</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No recourse for the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, or
interest on any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect
thereof, and no recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of
the Company in this Indenture or in any supplemental indenture or in any
Security, or because of the creation of any indebtedness represented thereby,
shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, employee, agent, officer, or
director or subsidiary, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of
any successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any
successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of
law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being
expressly understood that all such liability is hereby expressly waived and
released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this
Indenture and the issue of the Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 1.15 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896566">Indenture May be Executed in
Counterparts</A>

</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which
shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one
and the same instrument.</P>

</DIR>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 2<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896567">SECURITY FORMS</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 2.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896568">Forms Generally</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Securities of each series shall be in substantially the form set forth in
this Article, or in such other form as shall be established by or pursuant to a
Board Resolution or in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in each case
with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations
as are required or permitted by this Indenture, and may have such letters,
numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements placed
thereon as may be required to comply with the rules of any securities exchange
or Depositary therefor or as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the
officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution thereof.  If
the form of Securities of any series is established by action taken pursuant to
a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Company Order
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.3 for the authentication and delivery of such
Securities.  Any such Board Resolution or record of such action shall have
attached thereto a true and correct copy of the form of Security referred to
therein approved by or pursuant to such Board Resolution.</P>
<P>The definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved on steel
engraved borders or may be produced in any other manner, all as determined by
the officers executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such
Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 2.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896569">Form of Face of Security</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<B><P>[INSERT ANY LEGEND REQUIRED BY THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE
REGULATIONS THEREUNDER.]</P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">8X8, INC.</P>
</B>
<P ALIGN="CENTER">____________________________________________________________________</P>

<P>NO. _____&#9;$___________</P>
<P>&#9;CUSIP: ___________</P>
<P>8X8, Inc., a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of
Delaware (herein called the &quot;Company,&quot; which term includes any
successor Person under the Indenture hereinafter referred to), for value
received, hereby promises to pay to _______________________________, or
registered assigns, the principal sum of
________________________________________ dollars on ____________ [<B>if the
Security is to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert -</B> , and to pay
interest thereon from _________ or from the most recent Interest Payment Date to
which interest has been paid or duly provided for, semi-annually on ___________
and __________ in each year, commencing _______________, at the rate of ____%
per annum, until the principal hereof is paid or made available for payment
[<B>if applicable, insert -</B> , provided that any principal and premium, and
any such installment of interest, which is overdue shall bear interest at the
rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be
legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due until they are paid or
made available for payment, and such interest shall be payable on demand].  The
interest so payable, and punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest
Payment Date will, as provided in such Indenture, be paid to the Person in whose
name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest, which shall be
the ___________ or ___________ (whether or not a Business Day), as the case may
be, next preceding such Interest Payment Date.  Any such interest not so
punctually paid or duly provided for will forthwith cease to be payable to the
Holder on such Regular Record Date and may either be paid to the Person in whose
name this Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the
close of business on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted
Interest to be fixed by the Trustee, notice whereof shall be given to Holders of
Securities of this series not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record
Date, or be paid at any time in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with
the requirements of any securities exchange on which the Securities of this
series may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange,
all as more fully provided in said Indenture].</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is not to bear interest prior to Maturity, insert -</B>
The principal of this Security shall not bear interest except in the case of a
default in payment of principal upon acceleration, upon redemption or at Stated
Maturity and in such case the overdue principal and any overdue premium shall
bear interest at the rate of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of
such interest shall be legally enforceable), from the dates such amounts are due
until they are paid or made available for payment.  Interest on any overdue
principal or premium shall be payable on demand.  [Any such interest on overdue
principal or premium which is not paid on demand shall bear interest at the rate
of ___% per annum (to the extent that the payment of such interest on interest
shall be legally enforceable), from the date of such demand until the amount so
demanded is paid or made available for payment. Interest on any overdue interest
shall be payable on demand.]]  </P>
<P>Payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and [<B>if applicable,
insert - </B>any such] interest on this Security will be made at the office or
agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in _____________________, in
such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment
is legal tender for payment of public and private debts [<B>if applicable,
insert -</B>; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that at the option of the Company
payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the address of the Person
entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register].</P>
<P>Reference is hereby made to the further provisions of this Security set forth
on the reverse hereof, which further provisions shall for all purposes have the
same effect as if set forth at this place.</P>
<P>Unless the certificate of authentication hereon has been executed by the
Trustee referred to on the reverse hereof by manual signature, this Security
shall not be entitled to any benefit under the Indenture or be valid or
obligatory for any purpose.</P>
<P>IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this instrument to be duly
executed.</P>
<P>Dated: __________________</P>








<P>8X8, INC.<BR>
       By:______________________<BR>
           Title:_______________________</P>
    <P>ATTEST:<BR>
   <P>_____________________</P>

<B><P> Section 2.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896570">Form of Reverse of Security</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>This Security is one of a duly authorized issue of securities of the Company
(herein called the &quot;Securities&quot;), issued and to be issued in one or
more series under an Indenture, dated as of ____________, 200_ (herein called
the &quot;Indenture,&quot; which term shall have the meaning assigned to it in
such instrument), between the Company and ________________________________, as
Trustee (herein called the &quot;Trustee,&quot; which term includes any
successor trustee under the Indenture), and reference is hereby made to the
Indenture and all indentures supplemental thereto for a statement of the
respective rights, limitations of rights, duties and immunities thereunder of
the Company, the Trustee, the holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of the
Securities and of the terms upon which the Securities are, and are to be,
authenticated and delivered. This Security is one of the series designated on
the face hereof [<B>if applicable, insert - </B>, limited in aggregate principal
amount to $_________].</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert --</B> The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than [<B>if applicable, insert -- </B>30] days' notice
by mail, [<B>if applicable, insert</B> - (1) on _____________ in any year
commencing with the year _____ and ending with the year _____ through operation
of the sinking fund for this series at a Redemption Price equal to 100% of the
principal amount, and (2)] at any time <B>[if applicable, insert -</B> on or
after _____________, 20__], as a whole or in part, at the election of the
Company, at the following Redemption Prices (expressed as percentages of the
principal amount): If redeemed <B>[if applicable, insert -</B> on or before
______________, ___%, and if redeemed] during the 12-month period beginning
________ of the years indicated,</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=8 WIDTH=624>
<TR><TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Year</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Redemption Price</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Year</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Redemption Price</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P>and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to _____% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption [<B>if applicable, insert -</B>
(whether through operation of the sinking fund or otherwise)] with accrued
interest to the Redemption Date, but interest installments whose Stated Maturity
is on or prior to such Redemption Date will be payable to the Holders of such
Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of
business on the relevant Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as
provided in the Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert -</B>The Securities of this series are subject to
redemption upon not less than [if applicable, insert - 30] days' notice by mail,
(1)&nbsp;on _________ in any year commencing with the year _____ and ending with
the year _____ through operation of the sinking fund for this series at the
Redemption Prices for redemption through operation of the sinking fund
(expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table below,
and (2)&nbsp;at any time [<B>if applicable, insert -</B> on or after
__________], as a whole or in part, at the election of the Company, at the
Redemption Prices for redemption otherwise than through operation of the sinking
fund (expressed as percentages of the principal amount) set forth in the table
below:  If redeemed during the 12-month period beginning ________ of the years
indicated,</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING=0 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=8 WIDTH=647>
<TR><TD WIDTH="24%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Year</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="38%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Redemption Price for <BR>
Redemption Through <BR>
Operation of the Sinking Fund</B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="38%" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<B><FONT SIZE=2><P ALIGN="CENTER">Redemption Price for Redemption Otherwise than
Through <BR>
Operation of the Sinking Fund</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>

<P>and thereafter at a Redemption Price equal to ___% of the principal amount,
together in the case of any such redemption (whether through operation of the
sinking fund or otherwise) with accrued interest to the Redemption Date, but
interest installments whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to such Redemption
Date will be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, of record at the close of business on the relevant
Record Dates referred to on the face hereof, all as provided in the
Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert -</B> Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company
may not, prior to __________, redeem any Securities of this series as
contemplated by [<B>if applicable, insert -</B> clause&nbsp;(2) of] the
preceding paragraph as a part of, or in anticipation of, any refunding operation
by the application, directly or indirectly, of moneys borrowed having an
interest cost to the Company (calculated in accordance with generally accepted
financial practice) of less than ___% per annum.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert -</B> The sinking fund for this series provides for
the redemption on ___________, in each year beginning with the year _____ and
ending with the year _____ of [<B>if applicable, insert --</B> not less than
$__________ (&quot;mandatory sinking fund&quot;) and not more than] $___________
aggregate principal amount of Securities of this series. Securities of this
series acquired or redeemed by the Company otherwise than through [<B>if
applicable, insert -</B> mandatory] sinking fund payments may be credited
against subsequent [<B>if applicable, insert -</B> mandatory] sinking fund
payments otherwise required to be made <B>if applicable, insert -</B>, in the
inverse order in which they become due].]</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is subject to redemption of any kind, insert -</B> In the
event of redemption of this Security in part only, a new Security or Securities
of this series and of like tenor for the unredeemed portion hereof will be
issued in the name of the Holder hereof upon the cancellation hereof.]</P>
<P>[<B>If applicable, insert -</B> The Indenture contains provisions for
defeasance at any time of [the entire indebtedness of this Security] [or]
[certain restrictive covenants and Events of Default with respect to this
Security] [, in each case] upon compliance with certain conditions set forth in
the Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is convertible into other securities of the Company,
specify the conversion features.</B>]</P>
<P>The indebtedness evidenced by this Security is, to the extent and in the
manner provided in the Indenture, subordinate and subject in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt of the Company, and this Security
is issued subject to such provisions of the Indenture with respect thereto.
Each Holder of this Security, by accepting the same, (a)&nbsp;agrees to and
shall be bound by such provisions, (b)&nbsp;authorizes and directs the Trustee
on his behalf to take such action as may be necessary or appropriate to
effectuate the subordination so provided and (c)&nbsp;appoints the Trustee his
attorney-in-fact for any and all such purposes.</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is not an Original Issue Discount Security, insert -</B>
If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and
be continuing, the principal of the Securities of this series may be declared
due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture.]</P>
<P>[<B>If the Security is an Original Issue Discount Security, insert - </B> If
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of this series shall occur and be
continuing, an amount of principal of the Securities of this series may be
declared due and payable in the manner and with the effect provided in the
Indenture. Such amount shall be equal to - <B>insert formula for determining the
amount</B>. Upon payment (i)&nbsp;of the amount of principal so declared due and
payable and (ii)&nbsp;of interest on any overdue principal, premium and interest
(in each case to the extent that the payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable), all of the Company's obligations in respect of the payment of the
principal of and premium and interest, if any, on the Securities of this series
shall terminate.]</P>
<P>The Indenture permits, with certain exceptions as therein provided, the
amendment thereof and the modification of the rights and obligations of the
Company and the rights of the Holders of the Securities of each series to be
affected under the Indenture at any time by the Company and the Trustee with the
consent of the Holders of more than 50% in principal amount of the Securities at
the time Outstanding of each series to be affected.  The Indenture also contains
provisions permitting the Holders of specified percentages in principal amount
of the Securities of each series at the time Outstanding, on behalf of the
Holders of all Securities of such series, to waive compliance by the Company
with certain provisions of the Indenture and certain past defaults under the
Indenture and their consequences. Any such consent or waiver by the Holder of
this Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such Holder and upon all
future Holders of this Security and of any Security issued upon the registration
of transfer hereof or in exchange herefor or in lieu hereof, whether or not
notation of such consent or waiver is made upon this Security.</P>
<P>As provided in and subject to the provisions of the Indenture, the Holder of
this Security shall not have the right to institute any proceeding with respect
to the Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee or for any
other remedy thereunder, unless such Holder shall have previously given the
Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the
Securities of this series, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal
amount of the Securities of this series at the time Outstanding shall have made
written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event
of Default as Trustee and offered the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the
Trustee shall not have received from the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of Securities of this series at the time Outstanding a direction
inconsistent with such request, and shall have failed to institute any such
proceeding, for 60 days after receipt of such notice, request and offer of
indemnity.  The foregoing shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Holder
of this Security for the enforcement of any payment of principal hereof or any
premium or interest hereon on or after the respective due dates expressed
herein.</P>
<P>No reference herein to the Indenture and no provision of this Security or of
the Indenture shall alter or impair the obligation of the Company, which is
absolute and unconditional, to pay the principal of and any premium and interest
on this Security at the times, place and rate, and in the coin or currency,
herein prescribed.</P>
<P>As provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set
forth, the transfer of this Security is registrable in the Security Register,
upon surrender of this Security for registration of transfer at the office or
agency of the Company in any place where the principal of and any premium and
interest on this Security are payable, duly endorsed by, or accompanied by a
written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the
Security Registrar duly executed by, the Holder hereof or its attorney duly
authorized in writing, and thereupon one or more new Securities of this series
and of like tenor, of authorized denominations and for the same aggregate
principal amount, will be issued to the designated transferee or
transferees.</P>
<P>The Securities of this series are issuable only in registered form without
coupons in denominations of $_____ and any integral multiple thereof. As
provided in the Indenture and subject to certain limitations therein set forth,
Securities of this series are exchangeable for a like aggregate principal amount
of Securities of this series and of like tenor of a different authorized
denomination, as requested by the Holder surrendering the same.</P>
<P>No service charge shall be made for any such registration of transfer or
exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any
tax or other governmental charge payable in connection therewith.</P>
<P>Prior to due presentment of this Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name this Security is registered as the owner hereof for all
purposes, whether or not this Security be overdue, and neither the Company, the
Trustee nor any such agent shall be affected by notice to the contrary.</P>
<P>All terms used in this Security that are defined in the Indenture shall have
the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture.</P>

<B><P> Section 2.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896571">Form of Legend for Global Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Unless otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for the
Securities evidenced thereby, every Global Security authenticated and delivered
hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: </P>
<B><P>THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE
HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A
NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS SECURITY MAY NOT BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FOR A
SECURITY REGISTERED, AND NO TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART MAY BE
REGISTERED, IN THE NAME OF ANY PERSON OTHER THAN SUCH DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE
THEREOF, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE.</P></B>

<B><P> Section 2.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896572">Form of Trustee's Certificate of
Authentication</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee's certificates of authentication shall be in substantially the
following form:</P>
<P>This is one of the Securities of the series designated herein referred to in
the within-mentioned Indenture.</P>
<P>________________<BR>
as Trustee</P>
<P>By: _________________<BR>
           Authorized Officer</P>

<B><P> Section 2.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896573">Form of Conversion Notice</A> </OL>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Unless otherwise as contemplated by Section 3.1 or in a supplemental
indenture for the Securities evidenced hereby, conversion notices shall be in
substantially the following form:</P>

<P>To 8X8, Inc.:</P>
<P>The undersigned owner of this Security hereby irrevocably exercises the
option to convert this Security, or portion hereof (which is $1,000 or an
integral multiple thereof) below designated, into shares of Common Stock of the
Company in accordance with the terms of the Indenture referred to in this
Security, and directs that the shares issuable and deliverable upon the
conversion, together with any check in payment for fractional shares and any
Securities representing any unconverted principal amount hereof, be issued and
delivered to the registered holder hereof unless a different name has been
indicated below.  If shares are to be issued in the name of a person other than
the undersigned, the undersigned will pay all transfer taxes payable with
respect hereto. Any amount required to be paid by the undersigned on account of
interest accompanies this Security.</P>
<P>Principal Amount to be Converted<BR>
(in an integral multiple of $1,000, if less than all):<BR>
&#9;U.S. $_____________.</P>
<P>Dated: _____________________</P>
<P>Signature(s) must be guaranteed by an eligible guarantor institution (banks,
stockbrokers, savings and loan associations and credit unions with membership in
an approved signature guarantee medallion program) pursuant to Securities and
Exchange Commission Rule 17Ad-15.</P>
   <P>_______________________<BR>
       Signature Guaranty</P>
<P>Fill in for registration of shares of Common Stock and Security if to be
issued otherwise than to the registered Holder.</P>
<P>_____________________  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   __________________________<BR>
       (Name)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Social Security or Other Taxpayer Identification Number</P>

<P>_____________________________<BR>
       Please print Name and Address<BR>
(including zip code)</P>
<P>[The above conversion notice is to be modified, as appropriate, for
conversion into other securities or property of the Company.]</P>
</DIR>


<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 3<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896574">THE SECURITIES</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 3.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896575">Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and
delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one
or more series. There shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution
and, subject to Section&nbsp;3.3, set forth, or determined in the manner
provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more indentures
supplemental hereto, prior to the issuance of Securities of any series,</P>
<OL>

<LI>the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the
Securities of the series from Securities of any other series);</LI>
<LI>any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of the
series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for
Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in
exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the series pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7 and except for any Securities which,
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.3, are deemed never to have been authenticated and
delivered hereunder);</LI>
<LI>the Person to whom any interest on a Security of the series shall be
payable, if other than the Person in whose name that Security (or one or more
Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the Regular
Record Date for such interest;</LI>
<LI>the date or dates on which the principal of any Securities of the series is
payable;</LI>
<LI>the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) at which any Securities
of the series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which any such
interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which any such interest
shall be payable and the Regular Record Date for any such interest payable on
any Interest Payment Date (or the method for determining the dates and
rates);</LI>
<LI>the place or places where the principal of and any premium and interest on
any Securities of the series shall be payable;</LI>
<LI>the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the
terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the series may be redeemed, in
whole or in part, at the option of the Company and, if other than by a Board
Resolution, the manner in which any election by the Company to redeem the
Securities shall be evidenced;</LI>
<LI>the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase any Securities
of the series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the
option of the Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price
or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which any Securities of the
series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such
obligation;</LI>
<LI>if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the
denominations in which any Securities of the series shall be issuable;</LI>
<LI>if the amount of principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities
of the series may be determined with reference to an index or pursuant to a
formula, the manner in which such amounts shall be determined;</LI>
<LI>if other than the currency of the United States of America, the currency,
currencies or currency units in which the principal of or any premium or
interest on any Securities of the series shall be payable and the manner of
determining the equivalent thereof in the currency of the United States of
America for any purpose, including for purposes of the definition of
&quot;Outstanding&quot; in Section&nbsp;1.1;</LI>
<LI>if the principal of or any premium or interest on any Securities of the
series is to be payable, at the election of the Company or the Holder thereof,
in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which
such Securities are stated to be payable, the currency, currencies or currency
units in which the principal of or any premium or interest on such Securities as
to which such election is made shall be payable, the periods within which and
the terms and conditions upon which such election is to be made and the amount
so payable (or the manner in which such amount shall be determined);</LI>
<LI>if other than the entire principal amount thereof, the portion of the
principal amount of any Securities of the series which shall be payable upon
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2;</LI>
<LI>if the principal amount payable at the Stated Maturity of any Securities of
the series will not be determinable as of any one or more dates prior to the
Stated Maturity, the amount which shall be deemed to be the principal amount of
such Securities as of any such date for any purpose thereunder or hereunder,
including the principal amount thereof which shall be due and payable upon any
Maturity other than the Stated Maturity or which shall be deemed to be
Outstanding as of any date prior to the Stated Maturity (or, in any such case,
the manner in which such amount deemed to be the principal amount shall be
determined);</LI>
<LI>if applicable, that the Securities of the series, in whole or any specified
part, shall be defeasible pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.2 or Section&nbsp;13.3 or
both such Sections, or any other defeasance provisions applicable to any
Securities of the series,  and, if other than by a Board Resolution, the manner
in which any election by the Company to defease such Securities shall be
evidenced;</LI>
<LI>if applicable, the terms of any right to convert or exchange Securities of
the series into shares of Common Stock of the Company or other securities or
property;</LI>
<LI>if applicable, that any Securities of the series shall be issuable in whole
or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and, in such case, the
respective Depositaries for such Global Securities, the form of any legend or
legends which shall be borne by any such Global Security in addition to or in
lieu of that set forth in Section&nbsp;2.4 and any circumstances in addition to
or in lieu of those set forth in clause (2) of the last paragraph of
Section&nbsp;3.5 in which any such Global Security may be exchanged in whole or
in part for Securities registered, and any transfer of such Global Security in
whole or in part may be registered, in the name or names of Persons other than
the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof;</LI>
<LI>any addition to or change in the Events of Default which applies to any
Securities of the series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the
requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due
and payable pursuant to Section&nbsp;5.2;</LI>
<LI>any addition to or change in the covenants set forth in Article&nbsp;10
which applies to Securities of the series; </LI>
<LI>any Authenticating Agents, Paying Agents, Security Registrars or such other
agents necessary in connection with the issuance of the Securities of such
series, including, without limitation, exchange rate agents and calculation
agents;</LI>
<LI>if applicable, the terms of any security that will be provided for a series
of Securities, including provisions regarding the circumstances under which
collateral may be released or substituted; </LI>
<LI>if applicable, the terms of any guaranties for the Securities and any
circumstances under which there may be additional obligors on the
Securities;</LI>
<LI>any addition to or change in or modification to the subordinated provisions
of this Indenture relating to the Securities of that series (including the
provisions of Article&nbsp;15), or different subordination provisions, including
a different definition of &quot;Senior Debt&quot; or &quot;Designated Senior
Debt,&quot; will apply to Securities of the series; and</LI>
<LI>any other terms of the series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with
the provisions of this Indenture, except as permitted by
Section&nbsp;9.1(5)).</LI></OL>

<P>All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as
to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to the
Board Resolution referred to above and (subject to Section&nbsp;3.3) set forth,
or determined in the manner provided, in the Officers' Certificate referred to
above or in any such indenture supplemental hereto.</P>
<P>If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to
a Board Resolution, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be
certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company and
delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers'
Certificate setting forth the terms of the series.</P>
<P>The Securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to Senior Debt as
provided in Article&nbsp;15.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896576">Denominations</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Securities of each series shall be issuable only in registered form
without coupons and only in such denominations as shall be specified as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1. In the absence of any such specified
denomination with respect to the Securities of any series, the Securities of
such series shall be issuable in denominations of $1,000 and any integral
multiple thereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896577">Execution, Authentication, Delivery and
Dating</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by its Chairman of
the Board, its Vice Chairman of the Board, its Chief Executive Officer, its
principal financial officer, its President or one of its Vice Presidents,
attested by its Treasurer, its Secretary or one of its Assistant Treasurers or
Assistant Secretaries. The signature of any of these officers on the Securities
may be manual or facsimile.</P>
<P>Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were
at any time the proper officers of the Company shall bind the Company,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them have ceased to hold such
offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not
hold such offices at the date of such Securities.</P>
<P>At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this
Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the
Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a Company Order for the
authentication and delivery of such Securities, and the Trustee in accordance
with the Company Order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities. If the
form or terms of the Securities of the series have been established by or
pursuant to one or more Board Resolutions as permitted by Sections 2.1 and 3.1,
in authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities
under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be
entitled to receive, and (subject to Section&nbsp;6.1) shall be fully protected
in relying upon, a copy of such Board Resolution, the Officers' Certificate
setting forth the terms of the series and an Opinion of Counsel, with such
Opinion of Counsel stating,</P>
<OL>

<LI>if the form of such Securities has been established by or pursuant to Board
Resolution as permitted by Section&nbsp;2.1, that such form has been established
in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture;</LI>
<LI>if the terms of such Securities have been established by or pursuant to
Board Resolution as permitted by Section&nbsp;3.1, that such terms have been
established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture; and</LI>
<LI>that such Securities, when authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and
issued by the Company in the manner and subject to any conditions specified in
such Opinion of Counsel, will constitute valid and legally binding obligations
of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, subject to
bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and
similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors' rights
and to general equity principles.</LI></OL>

<P>If such form or terms have been so established, the Trustee shall not be
required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities
pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee's own rights, duties or
immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner
which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.</P>
<P>Notwithstanding the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.1 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one
time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the Officers' Certificate otherwise
required pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 or the Company Order and Opinion of
Counsel otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or prior to
the authentication of each Security of such series if such documents are
delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the first
Security of such series to be issued.</P>
<P>Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.</P>
<P>No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture or be valid
or obligatory for any purpose unless there appears on such Security a
certificate of authentication substantially in the form provided for herein
executed by the Trustee by manual signature, and such certificate upon any
Security shall be conclusive evidence, and the only evidence, that such Security
has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated and delivered hereunder
but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such
Security to the Trustee for cancellation as provided in Section&nbsp;3.9, for
all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the
benefits of this Indenture.</P>
<P>Neither the Company nor the Trustee shall have any responsibility for any
defect in the CUSIP number that appears on any Security, check, advice of
payment or redemption notice, and any such document may contain a statement to
the effect that CUSIP numbers have been assigned by an independent service for
convenience of reference and that neither the Company nor the Trustee shall be
liable for any inaccuracy in such numbers.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896578">Temporary Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company
may execute, and upon Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver,
temporary Securities which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed
or otherwise produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the
tenor of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued and with
such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as
the officers executing such Securities may determine, as evidenced by their
execution of such Securities.</P>
<P>If temporary Securities of any series are issued, the Company will cause
definitive Securities of that series to be prepared without unreasonable delay.
After the preparation of definitive Securities of such series, the temporary
Securities of such series shall be exchangeable for definitive Securities of
such series upon surrender of the temporary Securities of such series at the
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, without
charge to the Holder. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more
temporary Securities of any series, the Company shall execute and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor one or more definitive
Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor
and aggregate principal amount. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of
any series shall in all respects be entitled to the same benefits under this
Indenture as definitive Securities of such series and tenor.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896579">Registration; Registration of Transfer and
Exchange</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company shall cause to be kept at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee a register (the register maintained in such office and in any other
office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment being herein sometimes
collectively referred to as the &quot;Security Register&quot;) in which, subject
to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall provide
for the registration of Securities and of transfers of Securities.  The Trustee
is hereby appointed &quot;Security Registrar&quot; for the purpose of
registering Securities and transfers of Securities as herein provided.</P>
<P>Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Security of a series at
the office or agency of the Company in a Place of Payment for that series, the
Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the
name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Securities of
the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate
principal amount.</P>
<P>At the option of the Holder, Securities of any series may be exchanged for
other Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like
tenor and aggregate principal amount, upon surrender of the Securities to be
exchanged at such office or agency.  Whenever any Securities are so surrendered
for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, the Securities that the Holder making the exchange is entitled to
receive.  </P>
<P>All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same
debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Securities
surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.</P>
<P>Every Security presented or surrendered for registration of transfer or for
exchange shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee) be duly endorsed,
or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to
the Company and the Security Registrar duly executed, by the Holder thereof or
its attorney duly authorized in writing.</P>
<P>No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or exchange
of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover
any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any
registration of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4, 9.6 or 11.7 not involving any transfer.</P>
<P>If the Securities of any series (or of any series and specified tenor) are to
be redeemed in part, the Company shall not be required (A)&nbsp;to issue,
register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of that series (or of that
series and specified tenor, as the case may be) during a period beginning at the
opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of
redemption of any such Securities selected for redemption under
Section&nbsp;11.3 and ending at the close of business on the day of such
mailing, or (B)&nbsp;to register the transfer of or exchange any Security so
selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of
any Security being redeemed in part.</P>
<P>The provisions of clauses&nbsp;(1), (2), (3) and (4) below shall apply only
to Global Securities:</P>
<OL>

<LI>Each Global Security authenticated under this Indenture shall be registered
in the name of the Depositary designated for such Global Security or a nominee
thereof and delivered to such Depositary or a nominee thereof or custodian
therefor, and each such Global Security shall constitute a single Security for
all purposes of this Indenture.</LI>
<LI>Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, no Global Security
may be exchanged in whole or in part for Securities registered, and no transfer
of a Global Security in whole or in part may be registered, in the name of any
Person other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee thereof
unless (A)&nbsp;such Depositary (i)&nbsp;has notified the Company that it is
unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or
(ii)&nbsp;has ceased to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act,
(B)&nbsp;there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default with
respect to such Global Security or (C)&nbsp;there shall exist such
circumstances, if any, in addition to or in lieu of the foregoing as have been
specified for this purpose as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1.</LI>
<LI>Subject to clause&nbsp;(2) above, any exchange of a Global Security for
other Securities may be made in whole or in part, and all Securities issued in
exchange for a Global Security or any portion thereof shall be registered in
such names as the Depositary for such Global Security shall direct.</LI>
<LI>Every Security authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of,
or in exchange for or in lieu of, a Global Security or any portion thereof,
whether pursuant to this Section, Section&nbsp;3.4, 3.6, 9.6 or 11.7 or
otherwise, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a
Global Security, unless such Security is registered in the name of a Person
other than the Depositary for such Global Security or a nominee
thereof.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 3.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896580">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall
execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a
new Security of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and
bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>
<P>If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i)&nbsp;evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and
(ii)&nbsp;such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of
them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to
the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security
of the same series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number
not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>
<P>In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or
is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead
of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.</P>
<P>Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may
require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including
the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>
<P>Every new Security of any series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of
any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an original additional
contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or
stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be
entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that series duly issued hereunder.</P>
<P>The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the
extent lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896581">Payment of Interest; Interest Rights
Preserved</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise provided as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 or in a
supplemental indenture with respect to any series of Securities, interest on any
Security which is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any
Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Security
(or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business
on the Regular Record Date for such interest.</P>
<P>Any interest on any Security of any series which is payable, but is not
punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date (herein
called &quot;Defaulted Interest&quot;) shall forthwith cease to be payable to
the Holder on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such
Holder, and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election
in each case, as provided in clause&nbsp;(1) or (2) below:</P>
<OL>

<LI>The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest to the
Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a Special
Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in
the following manner.  The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each Security of such series
and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall
deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount
proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of
the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the
benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause
provided.  Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for the payment
of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be not more than 15 days and not less
than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days
after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment.  The
Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in
the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed
payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be
given to each Holder of Securities of such series in the manner set forth in
Section&nbsp;1.6, not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date.
Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record
Date therefor having been so mailed, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to
the Persons in whose names the Securities of such series (or their respective
Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on such Special
Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the following
clause&nbsp;(2).</LI>
<LI>The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on the Securities of
any series in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of
any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such
notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the
Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such
manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.</LI></OL>

<P>Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security delivered
under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in
lieu of any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and
unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896582">Persons Deemed Owners</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Prior to due presentment of a Security for registration of transfer, the
Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the
Person in whose name such Security is registered as the owner of such Security
for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and any premium and
(subject to Section&nbsp;3.7) any interest on such Security and for all other
purposes whatsoever, whether or not such Security be overdue, and neither the
Company, the Trustee nor any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be
affected by notice to the contrary.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896583">Cancellation</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration of transfer
or exchange or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered
to any Person other than the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee and shall be
promptly canceled by it. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder
which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and may deliver to
the Trustee (or to any other Person for delivery to the Trustee) for
cancellation any Securities previously authenticated hereunder which the Company
has not issued and sold, and all Securities so delivered shall be promptly
canceled by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in
exchange for any Securities canceled as provided in this Section, except as
expressly permitted by this Indenture.  All canceled Securities held by the
Trustee shall be disposed of in accordance with its customary procedures.</P>

<B><P> Section 3.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896584">Computation of Interest</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for
Securities of any series or in a supplemental indenture with respect to any
series of Securities, interest on the Securities of each series shall be
computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 4<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896585">SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 4.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896586">Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>This Indenture shall upon Company Request cease to be of further effect
(except as to any surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of
Securities herein expressly provided for), and the Trustee, at the expense of
the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and
discharge of this Indenture, when</P>
<OL>

<LI>either</LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>all Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than
(i)&nbsp;Securities which have been destroyed, lost or stolen and which have
been replaced or paid as provided in Section&nbsp;3.6 and (ii)&nbsp;Securities
for whose payment money has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated
and held in trust by the Trustee or the Company and thereafter repaid to the
Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section&nbsp;10.3) have
been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or</LI>
<LI>all such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation</LI>
<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>have become due and payable, or</LI>
<LI>will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year,
or</LI>
<LI>are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements
satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the
Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, </LI></OL>
</OL>

<P>and the Company, in the case of&nbsp;(i), (ii)&nbsp;or (iii)&nbsp;above, has
deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for
the purpose money in an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire
indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for
cancellation, for principal and any premium and interest to the date of such
deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the
Stated Maturity or Redemption Date, as the case may&nbsp;be;</P>
<LI>the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder
by the Company; and</LI>
<LI>the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided
for relating to the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture have been
complied with.</LI></OL>

<P>Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, the
obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7, the
obligations of the Trustee to any Authenticating Agent under Section&nbsp;6.14
and, if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to
subclause&nbsp;(B) of clause&nbsp;(1) of this Section, the obligations of the
Trustee under Section&nbsp;4.2 and the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;10.3 shall
survive.</P>

<B><P> Section 4.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896587">Application of Trust Money</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;10.3, all
money deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.1 shall be held in
trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and
this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent
(including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may
determine, to the Persons entitled thereto, of the principal and any premium and
interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with the Trustee.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 5<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896588">REMEDIES</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 5.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896589">Events of Default</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>&quot;Event of Default,&quot; wherever used herein with respect to Securities
of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for
such Event of Default and whether it shall be occasioned by the provisions of
Article&nbsp;15 or be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of
law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court or any order, rule
or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless in the Board
Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate establishing such
series, it is provided that such series shall not have the benefit of said Event
of Default:</P>
<OL>

<LI>default in the payment of any interest upon any Security of that series when
it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30
days; or</LI>
<LI>default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on any Security of
that series at its Maturity; or</LI>
<LI>default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, when and as due by the
terms of a Security of that series; or</LI>
<LI>default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of the
Company in this Indenture (other than a covenant or warranty a default in whose
performance or whose breach is elsewhere in this Section specifically dealt with
or which has expressly been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of
series of Securities other than that series), and continuance of such default or
breach for a period of 90 days after there has been given, by registered or
certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee
by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of that series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring
it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a &quot;Notice of
Default&quot; hereunder; or</LI>
<LI>the entry by a court having jurisdiction in the premises of (A)&nbsp;a
decree or order for relief in respect of the Company in an involuntary case or
proceeding under any applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or other similar law or (B)&nbsp;a decree or order adjudging the
Company a bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition
seeking reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition of or in respect
of the Company under any applicable Federal or State law, or appointing a
custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator or other
similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its property, or
ordering the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of
any such decree or order for relief or any such other decree or order unstayed
and in effect for a period of 90 consecutive days; or</LI>
<LI>the commencement by the Company of a voluntary case or proceeding under any
applicable Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other
similar law or of any other case or proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt or
insolvent, or the consent by it to the entry of a decree or order for relief in
respect of the Company in an involuntary case or proceeding under any applicable
Federal or State bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law or
to the commencement of any bankruptcy or insolvency case or proceeding against
it, or the filing by it of a petition or answer or consent seeking
reorganization or relief under any applicable Federal or State law, or the
consent by it to the filing of such petition or to the appointment of or taking
possession by a custodian, receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator
or other similar official of the Company or of any substantial part of its
property, or the making by it of an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or
the admission by it in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as
they become due, or the taking of corporate action by the Company in furtherance
of any such action; or</LI>
<LI>any other Event of Default provided with respect to Securities of that
series in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate
establishing that series.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 5.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896590">Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and
Annulment</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Unless the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture or Officers' Certificate
establishing such series provides otherwise, if an Event of Default (other than
an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(5) or 5.1(6)) with respect to
Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs and is continuing, then
in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series may declare the principal
amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of that
series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the principal
amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof), and
premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon, to
be due and payable immediately, by a notice in writing to the Company (and to
the Trustee if given by the Holders), and upon any such declaration such
principal amount (or specified amount), and premium, if any, together with
accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon, shall become immediately due and
payable. If an Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(5) or 5.1(6) with
respect to Securities of any series at the time Outstanding occurs, the
principal amount of all the Securities of that series (or, if any Securities of
that series are Original Issue Discount Securities, such portion of the
principal amount of such Securities as may be specified by the terms thereof),
and premium, if any, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, thereon,
shall automatically, and without any declaration or other action on the part of
the Trustee or any Holder, become immediately due and payable.  Any payments by
the Company on the Securities following any such acceleration will be subject to
the subordination provisions of Article&nbsp;15 to the extent provided
therein.</P>
<P>At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to
Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for
payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this
Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series, by written notice to the Company and the
Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to
pay</LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>all overdue interest on all Securities of that series,</LI>
<LI>the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any Securities of that series
which have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and any
interest thereon at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such
Securities,</LI>
<LI>to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue
interest at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and</LI>
<LI>all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable
compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents
and counsel; and</LI></OL>

<LI>all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that series, other than
the non-payment of the principal of Securities of that series that have become
due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as
provided in Section&nbsp;5.13.  </LI></OL>

<P>No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right
consequent thereon.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896591">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for
Enforcement by Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>

<P>The Company covenants that if</P>
<OL>

<LI>default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such
interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30
days, or</LI>
<LI>default is made in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on)
any Security at the Maturity thereof, the Company will, upon demand of the
Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole
amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium and
interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally
enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and premium and on any overdue
interest, at the rate or rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in
addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs
and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel.</LI></OL>

<P>If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any series occurs and is
continuing, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its
rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such
appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to
protect and enforce any such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any
covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power
granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896592">Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case of any judicial proceeding relative to the Company (or any other
obligor upon the Securities), its property or its creditors, the Trustee shall
be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise, to
take any and all actions authorized under the Trust Indenture Act in order to
have claims of the Holders and the Trustee allowed in any such proceeding.  In
particular, the Trustee shall be authorized to collect and receive any moneys or
other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the
same; and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator
or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized
by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the
Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to
pay to the Trustee any amount due it for the reasonable compensation, expenses,
disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other
amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7.  No provision of this Indenture
shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or
adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement,
adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder
thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any
Holder in any such proceeding; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Trustee
may, on behalf of the Holders, vote for the election of a trustee in bankruptcy
or similar official and be a member of a creditors' or other similar
committee.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896593">Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be
prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the
Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any
such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as
trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision
for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and
advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of
the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such judgment has been
recovered.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896594">Application of Money Collected</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied
in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case
of the distribution of such money on account of principal or any premium or
interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the
payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</P>
<P>FIRST:  To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7;
</P>
<P>SECOND:  Subject to Article&nbsp;15, to the payment of the amounts then due
and unpaid for principal of and any premium, if any, and interest on the
Securities in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been
collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the
amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and any premium, if
any, and interest, respectively; and</P>
<P>THIRD:  The balance, if any, to the Company or any other Person or Persons
entitled thereto.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896595">Limitation on Suits</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to institute any
proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the
appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder,
unless</P>
<OL>

<LI>such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a
continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that series;</LI>
<LI>the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of that series shall have made written request to the
Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own
name as Trustee hereunder;</LI>
<LI>such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity
against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with
such request;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer
of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and</LI>
<LI>no direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the
Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; </LI></OL>

<P>it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders shall
have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any
provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any
other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference
over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture,
except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of
all of such Holders.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896596">Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive
Principal, Premium and Interest and to Convert</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any
Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive
payment of the principal of and any premium and (subject to Section&nbsp;3.7)
interest on such Security on the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such
Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption Date), to convert
such Securities in accordance with Article&nbsp;14 to the extent that such right
to convert is applicable to such Security, and to institute suit for the
enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without
the consent of such Holder.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896597">Restoration of Rights and Remedies</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted any proceeding to enforce any
right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued
or abandoned for any reason, or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or
to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in
such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored
severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter
all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as though
no such proceeding had been instituted.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896598">Rights and Remedies Cumulative</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of
Section&nbsp;3.6, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the
Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or
remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law, be
cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or
now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise.  The assertion or
employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the
concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896599">Delay or Omission Not Waiver</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Securities to
exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any
such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an
acquiescence therein.  Every right and remedy given by this Article&nbsp;or by
law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as
often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee (subject to the limitations
contained in this Indenture) or by the Holders, as the case may be.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896600">Control by Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of
conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising
any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of
such series, provided that</P>
<OL>

<LI>such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this
Indenture and the Trustee shall not have determined that the action so directed
would be unjustly prejudicial to Holders of Securities of that series, or any
other series, not taking part in such direction; and</LI>
<LI>the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee that is
not inconsistent with such direction or this Indenture.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 5.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896601">Waiver of Past Defaults</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series may on behalf of the Holders of all the
Securities of such series waive any past default hereunder with respect to such
series and its consequences, except</P>
<OL>

<LI>a default in the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on
any Security of such series as and when the same shall become due and payable by
the terms thereof, otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been
cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest,
principal and premium, if any, has been deposited with the Trustee), or</LI>
<LI>to the extent such right is applicable to such Security, a failure by the
Company on request to convert any Security into Common Stock; or</LI>
<LI>in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article&nbsp;9
cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each
Outstanding Security of such series affected.</LI></OL>

<P>Upon any such waiver, such default shall cease to exist, and any Event of
Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose
of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896602">Undertaking for Costs</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture,
or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by
it as Trustee, a court may require any party litigant in such suit to file an
undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and may assess costs against any such
party litigant, in the manner and to the extent provided in the Trust Indenture
Act; provided that neither this Section nor the Trust Indenture Act shall be
deemed to authorize any court to require such an undertaking or to make such an
assessment in any suit instituted by the Company or in any suit for the
enforcement of the right to convert any Security in accordance with
Article&nbsp;14.</P>

<B><P> Section 5.15 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896603">Waiver of Usury, Stay or Extension
Laws</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will
not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take
the benefit or advantage of, any usury, stay or extension law wherever enacted,
now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the
performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may
lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law
and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any
power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of
every such power as though no such law had been enacted.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 6<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896604">THE TRUSTEE</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 6.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896605">Certain Duties and Responsibilities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided by the
Trust Indenture Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no provision of this
Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise
incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder,
or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if it shall have reasonable
grounds for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against
such risk or liability is not reasonably assured to it.  Whether or not therein
expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct
or affecting the liability of or affording protection to the Trustee shall be
subject to the provisions of this Section. </P>

<B><P> Section 6.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896606">Notice of Defaults</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If a default occurs hereunder with respect to Securities of any series, the
Trustee shall give the Holders of Securities of such series notice of such
default as and to the extent provided by the Trust Indenture Act;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that except in the case of a default in the
payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of
such series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment or any conversion
right applicable to Securities of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in
withholding such notice if and so long as a trust committee of directors and/or
Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding
of such notice is in the interests of the holders of Securities of such series;
<U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the case of any default
of the character specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(4) with respect to Securities of
such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 60 days
after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of this Section, the term
&quot;default&quot; means any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or
both would become, an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such
series.</P>
<P>Except with respect to Section&nbsp;10.1, the Trustee shall have no duty to
inquire as to the performance of the Company with respect to the covenants
contained in Article&nbsp;10.  In addition, the Trustee shall not be deemed to
have knowledge of an Event of Default except (i)&nbsp;any Default or Event of
Default occurring pursuant to Sections&nbsp;5.1(1), 5.1(2) and 5.1(3) (defaults
in payments on the Securities) or (ii)&nbsp;any Default or Event of Default of
which the Trustee shall have received written notification or obtained actual
knowledge.</P>
<P>Delivery of reports, information and documents to the Trustee under
Section&nbsp;7.4 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee's receipt of
the foregoing shall not constitute constructive notice of any information
contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including
the Company's compliance with any of their covenants hereunder (as to which the
Trustee is entitled to rely conclusively on Officers' Certificates).</P>

<B><P> Section 6.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896607">Certain Rights of Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.1:</P>
<OL>

<LI>in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may rely
and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution,
certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction,
consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other
paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or
presented by the proper party or parties;</LI>
<LI>any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall be
sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or Company Order, and any resolution
of the Board of Directors shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board
Resolution;</LI>
<LI>whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it
desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or
omitting any action hereunder, the Trustee (unless other evidence be herein
specifically prescribed) is entitled to and may, in the absence of bad faith on
its part, rely upon an Officers' Certificate;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel
or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and
protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder
in good faith and in reliance thereon;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or
powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the
Holders pursuant to this Indenture, unless such Holders shall have offered to
the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and
liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or
direction;</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or
matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion,
report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other
evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its
discretion, may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or
matters as it may see fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such
further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine the books,
records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney;
and</LI>
<LI>the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any
duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the
Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of
any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 6.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896608">Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the Trustee's
certificates of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company,
and neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility
for their correctness.  The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity,
sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the
Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable for the use or
application by the Company of Securities or the proceeds thereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896609">May Hold Securities and Act as Trustee under Other
Indentures</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other agent of the Company, in its individual or any other
capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to
Sections&nbsp;6.8 and 6.13, may otherwise deal with the Company with the same
rights it would have if it were not Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent,
Security Registrar or such other agent.</P>
<P>Subject to the limitations imposed by the Trust Indenture Act, nothing in
this Indenture shall prohibit the Trustee from becoming and acting as trustee
under other indentures under which other securities, or certificates of interest
of participation in other securities, of the Company are outstanding in the same
manner as if it were not Trustee hereunder.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896610">Money Held in Trust</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated from
other funds except to the extent required by law.  The Trustee shall be under no
liability for interest on any money received by it hereunder except as otherwise
agreed with the Company.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896611">Compensation and Reimbursement</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company agrees:</P>
<OL>

<LI>to pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for all
services rendered by it hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by
any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express
trust);</LI>
<LI>except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse the Trustee upon
its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or
made by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture
(including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its
agents and counsel), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may be
attributable to its negligence or bad faith; and</LI>
<LI>to indemnify the Trustee for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss,
liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on its part,
arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the
trust or trusts hereunder, including the costs and expenses of defending itself
against any claim or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of
any of its powers or duties hereunder.</LI></OL>

<P>&#9;When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of
Default specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(5) or Section&nbsp;5.1(6) hereof occurs,
the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and
expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of
administration under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or
similar law.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896612">Conflicting Interests</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within the meaning
of the Trust Indenture Act and there is an Event of Default under the Securities
of that series, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to
the extent and in the manner provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the
Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by the Trust
Indenture Act, the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest by
virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to Securities of
more than one series.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896613">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>There shall at all times be one (and only one) Trustee hereunder with respect
to the Securities of each series, which may be Trustee hereunder for Securities
of one or more other series.  Each Trustee shall be a Person that is eligible
pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act to act as such and has (or if the Trustee is
a member of a bank holding company system, its bank holding company has) a
combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000. If any such Person or bank
holding company publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to
law or to the requirements of its supervising or examining authority, then for
the purposes of this Section and to the extent permitted by the Trust Indenture
Act, the combined capital and surplus of such Person or bank holding company
shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most
recent report of condition so published. If at any time the Trustee with respect
to the Securities of any series shall cease to be eligible in accordance with
the provisions of this Section, it shall resign immediately in the manner and
with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896614">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of
Successor</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment of a successor
Trustee pursuant to this Article shall become effective until the acceptance of
appointment by the successor Trustee in accordance with the applicable
requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11.  The Trustee may resign at any time with
respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof
to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required
by Section&nbsp;6.11 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days
after the giving of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.</P>
<P>The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities of any
series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to the Trustee and to the
Company.</P>
<P>If at any time:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Trustee shall fail to comply with Section&nbsp;6.8 after written request
therefor by the Company or by any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a
Security for at least six months, or</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section&nbsp;6.9 and shall fail
to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Holder,
or</LI>
<LI>the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged a bankrupt
or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed
or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its
property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
liquidation, then, in any such case, (A)&nbsp;the Company by a Board Resolution
may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities, or (B)&nbsp;subject to
Section&nbsp;5.14, any Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security for
at least six months may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with
respect to all Securities and the appointment of a successor Trustee or
Trustees.</LI></OL>

<P>If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable of acting, or if
a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to
the Securities of one or more series, the Company, by a Board Resolution, shall
promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities
of that or those series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may
be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more or all of such series
and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the
Securities of any particular series) and shall comply with the applicable
requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11.  If, within one year after such resignation,
removal or incapability, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee
with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed by Act of the
Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such
series delivered to the Company and the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee
so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in
accordance with the applicable requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11, become the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and to that
extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company.  If no
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall have been
so appointed by the Company or the Holders and accepted appointment in the
manner required by Section&nbsp;6.11, the retiring Trustee may petition, or any
Holder who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least
six months may petition, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated,
any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of such successor
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.</P>
<P>The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal of the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series to all Holders of
Securities of such series in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;1.6. Each
notice shall include the name of the successor Trustee with respect to the
Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896615">Acceptance of Appointment by Successor</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to
all Securities, every such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute,
acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument
accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the
retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor Trustee, without any
further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the
Company or the successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of
its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor
Trustee all the rights, powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly
assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and money
held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.</P>
<P>In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor Trustee with respect to
the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring
Trustee and each successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more
series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each
successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (1)&nbsp;shall contain
such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to,
and to vest in, each successor Trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series
to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (2)&nbsp;if the
retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities, shall contain
such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to
the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not
retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (3)&nbsp;shall
add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary
to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more
than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such
supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same
trust and that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder
separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other
such Trustee; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture
the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the
extent provided therein and each such successor Trustee, without any further
act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts
and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or
those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on
request of the Company or any successor Trustee, such retiring Trustee shall
duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee all property and
money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of
that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee
relates.</P>
<P>Upon request of any such successor Trustee, the Company shall execute any and
all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such
successor Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in the first or
second preceding paragraph, as the case may be.</P>
<P>No successor Trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such
acceptance such successor Trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this
Article.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896616">Merger, Conversion, Consolidation or Succession to
Business</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all the corporate trust business
of the Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this
Indenture), shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided such
corporation shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under this Article,
without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of
any of the parties hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated,
but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger,
conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such
authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect
as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.  In the
event that any Securities shall not have been authenticated by such predecessor
Trustee, any such successor Trustee may authenticate and deliver such Securities
in either its own name or that of a predecessor Trustee, with the full force and
effect which this Indenture provides for the certificate of authentication of
the Trustee.</P>

<B><P> Section 6.13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896617">Preferential Collection of Claims Against
Company</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If and when the Trustee shall be or become a creditor of the Company (or any
other obligor upon the Securities), the Trustee shall be subject to the
provisions of the Trust Indenture Act regarding the collection of claims against
the Company (or any such other obligor).</P>

<B><P> Section 6.14 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896618">Appointment of Authenticating Agent</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee may appoint an Authenticating Agent or Agents with respect to one
or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the
Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon original issue and
upon exchange, registration of transfer or partial redemption thereof or
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled
to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all
purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder.  Wherever reference is
made in this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the
Trustee or the Trustee's certificate of authentication, such reference shall be
deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an
Authenticating Agent and a certificate of authentication executed on behalf of
the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.  Each Authenticating Agent shall be
acceptable to the Company and shall at all times be a corporation organized and
doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any State thereof
or the District of Columbia, authorized under such laws to act as Authenticating
Agent, having (or if the Authenticating Agent is a member of a bank holding
company system, its bank holding company has) a combined capital and surplus of
not less than $50,000,000 and subject to supervision or examination by Federal
or State authority.  If such Authenticating Agent publishes reports of condition
at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of said supervising or
examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital
and surplus of such Authenticating Agent shall be deemed to be its combined
capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so
published.  If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of this Section, such Authenticating Agent shall
resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in this
Section.</P>
<P>Any corporation into which an Authenticating Agent may be merged or converted
or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any
merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be
a party, or any corporation succeeding to the corporate agency or corporate
trust business of an Authenticating Agent, shall continue to be an
Authenticating Agent, provided such corporation shall be otherwise eligible
under this Section, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further
act on the part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.</P>
<P>An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written notice
thereof to the Trustee and to the Company.  The Trustee may at any time
terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving written notice thereof
to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company.  Upon receiving such a notice
of resignation or upon such a termination, or in case at any time such
Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the
provisions of this Section, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating
Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall give notice of such
appointment in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;1.6 to all Holders of
Securities of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent will
serve.  Any successor Authenticating Agent upon acceptance of its appointment
hereunder shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its
predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an
Authenticating Agent.  No successor Authenticating Agent shall be appointed
unless eligible under the provisions of this Section.</P>
<P>The Trustee agrees to pay to each Authenticating Agent from time to time
reasonable compensation for its services under this Section, and the Trustee
shall be entitled to be reimbursed for such payments, subject to the provisions
of Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>
<P>If an appointment with respect to one or more series is made pursuant to this
Section&nbsp;6.12, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in
lieu of the Trustee's certificate of authentication, an alternative certificate
of authentication in the following form:</P>
<P>This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred to in
the within-mentioned Indenture.</P>
<P>________________,</P>
<P>as Trustee</P>
<P>By: _________________<BR>
           as Authenticating Agent</P>
<P>By: _________________<BR>
           Authorized Officer</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 7<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896619">HOLDERS' LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND
COMPANY</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 7.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896620">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee</P>
<OL>

<LI>semi-annually, not later than 15 days after the Regular Record Date for each
respective series of Securities, a list, in such form as the Trustee may
reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities of
each series as of such Regular Record Date, as the case may be, or if there is
no Regular Record Date for such series of Securities, semi-annually, and</LI>
<LI>at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within 30 days
after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and
content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is
furnished; </LI></OL>

<P>provided that no such list need be furnished by the Company to the Trustee so
long as the Trustee is acting as Security Registrar.</P>

<B><P> Section 7.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896621">Preservation of Information; Communications to
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably
practicable, the names and addresses of Holders contained in the most recent
list furnished to the Trustee as provided in Section&nbsp;7.1 and the names and
addresses of Holders received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security
Registrar.  The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in
Section&nbsp;7.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.</P>
<P>The rights of Holders to communicate with other Holders with respect to their
rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and the corresponding
rights and privileges of the Trustee, shall be as provided by the Trust
Indenture Act.  Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same,
agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee
nor any agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of any
disclosure of information as to names and addresses of Holders made pursuant to
the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<B><P> Section 7.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896622">Reports by Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee shall transmit to Holders such reports concerning the Trustee and
its actions under this Indenture as may be required pursuant to the Trust
Indenture Act at the times and in the manner provided pursuant thereto.</P>
<P>Reports so required to be transmitted at stated intervals of not more than 12
months shall be transmitted no later than July&nbsp;15 in each calendar year,
commencing with the first July&nbsp;15 after the first issuance of Securities
pursuant to this Indenture.</P>
<P>A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to
Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange upon which any
Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company.  The Company
will notify the Trustee when any Securities are listed on any stock
exchange.</P>

<B><P> Section 7.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896623">Reports by Company</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, and transmit to
Holders, such information, documents and other reports, and such summaries
thereof, as may be required pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act at the times and
in the manner provided pursuant to the Trust Indenture Act; provided that any
such information, documents or reports required to be filed with the Commission
pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act shall be filed with the
Trustee within 15 days after the same is so required to be filed with the
Commission.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 8<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896624">CONSOLIDATION, MERGER, CONVEYANCE, TRANSFER OR
LEASE</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 8.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896625">Company May&nbsp;Consolidate, etc., Only on
Certain Terms</B>.</A>
<P><A NAME="here"></A>The Company shall not consolidate with or merge into any
other Person (in a transaction in which the Company is not the surviving
corporation) or convey, transfer or lease its properties and assets
substantially as an entirety to any Person, unless:</P>
<OL>

<LI>in case the Company shall consolidate with or merge into another Person (in
a transaction in which the Company is not the surviving corporation) or convey,
transfer or lease its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any
Person, the Person formed by such consolidation or into which the Company is
merged or the Person which acquires by conveyance or transfer, or which leases,
the properties and assets of the Company substantially as an entirety shall be a
corporation, limited liability company, partnership or trust, shall be organized
and validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any State
thereof or the District of Columbia and shall expressly assume, by an indenture
supplemental hereto, executed and delivered to the Trustee, in form satisfactory
to the Trustee, the due and punctual payment of the principal of and any premium
and interest on all the Securities and the performance or observance of every
covenant of this Indenture on the part of the Company to be performed or
observed and the conversion rights shall be provided for in accordance with
Article&nbsp;14, if applicable, or as otherwise specified pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.1, by supplemental indenture satisfactory in form to the Trustee,
executed and delivered to the Trustee, by the Person (if other than the Company)
formed by such consolidation or into which the Company shall have been merged or
by the Person which shall have acquired the Company's assets;</LI>
<LI>immediately after giving effect to such transaction and treating any
indebtedness which becomes an obligation of the Company or any Subsidiary as a
result of such transaction as having been incurred by the Company or such
Subsidiary at the time of such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event
which, after notice or lapse of time or both, would become an Event of Default,
shall have occurred and be continuing; and</LI>
<LI>the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an
Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
transfer or lease and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection
with such transaction, such supplemental indenture comply with this Article and
that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction
have been complied with.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 8.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896626">Successor Substituted</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon any consolidation of the Company with, or merger of the Company into,
any other Person or any conveyance, transfer or lease of the properties and
assets of the Company substantially as an entirety in accordance with
Section&nbsp;8.1, the successor Person formed by such consolidation or into
which the Company is merged or to which such conveyance, transfer or lease is
made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and
power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such
successor Person had been named as the Company herein, and thereafter, except in
the case of a lease, the predecessor Person shall be relieved of all obligations
and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 9<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896627">SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</A></P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 9.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896628">Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Without the consent of any Holders, the Company, when authorized by a Board
Resolution, and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into
one or more indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee,
for any of the following purposes:</P>
<OL>

<LI>to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company, or successive
successions, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the
Company herein and in the Securities in compliance with Article&nbsp;8; or</LI>
<LI>to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the Holders of all
or any series of Securities (and if such covenants are to be for the benefit of
less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants are expressly
being included solely for the benefit of such series) or to surrender any right
or power herein conferred upon the Company; or</LI>
<LI>to add any additional Events of Default for the benefit of the Holders of
all or any series of Securities (and if such additional Events of Default are to
be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such
additional Events of Default are expressly being included solely for the benefit
of such series);&nbsp;or</LI>
<LI>to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture to such extent
as shall be necessary to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in
bearer form, registrable or not registrable as to principal, and with or without
interest coupons, or to permit or facilitate the issuance of Securities in
uncertificated form; or</LI>
<LI>to add to, change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture in
respect of one or more series of Securities, provided that any such addition,
change or elimination (A)&nbsp;shall neither (i)&nbsp;apply to any Security of
any series created prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture and
entitled to the benefit of such provision nor (ii)&nbsp;modify the rights of the
Holder of any such Security with respect to such provision or (B)&nbsp;shall
become effective only when there is no such Security Outstanding; or</LI>
<LI>to secure the Securities, including provisions regarding the circumstances
under which collateral may be released or substituted; or</LI>
<LI>to add or provide for a guaranty of the Securities or additional obligors on
the Securities; or</LI>
<LI>to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as permitted by
Sections 2.1 and 3.1;&nbsp;or</LI>
<LI>to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to
add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary
to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more
than one Trustee, pursuant to the requirements of Section&nbsp;6.11; or</LI>
<LI>to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision herein which
may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any
other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under this
Indenture, provided that such action pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(10) shall not
adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series in any
material respect; or</LI>
<LI>to supplement any of the provisions of the Indenture to such extent as shall
be necessary to permit or facilitate the defeasance and discharge of any series
of Securities pursuant to Articles&nbsp;4 and 13, provided that any such action
shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Securities of such
series or any other series of Securities in any material respect.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 9.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896629">Supplemental Indentures with Consent of
Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>With the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture,
by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company,
when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may enter into an
indenture or indentures supplemental hereto for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of
this Indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of
Securities of such series under this Indenture; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the Holder of
each Outstanding Security affected thereby,</P>
<OL>

<LI>change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of
principal of or interest on, any Security, or reduce the principal amount
thereof or the rate of interest thereon or any premium payable upon the
redemption thereof, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue
Discount Security or any other Security which would be due and payable upon a
declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to
Section&nbsp;5.2, or change the coin or currency in which, any Security or any
premium or interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit
for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof
(or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date), or modify the
provisions of this Indenture with respect to the subordination of such series of
Securities in a manner adverse to the Holders of Securities of such series, or,
in the case of Securities of any series that are convertible into Securities or
other securities of the Company, adversely affect the right of Holders to
convert any of the Securities of such series other than as provided in or
pursuant to this Indenture, or</LI>
<LI>reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
any series, the consent of whose Holders is required for any such supplemental
indenture, or the consent of whose Holders is required for any waiver (of
compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults
hereunder and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or</LI>
<LI>modify any of the provisions of this Section, Section&nbsp;5.13 or
Section&nbsp;10.8, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that
certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot be modified or waived without
the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that this clause shall not be deemed to require
the consent of any Holder with respect to changes in the references to &quot;the
Trustee&quot; and concomitant changes in this Section and Section&nbsp;10.8, or
the deletion of this proviso, in accordance with the requirements of
Sections&nbsp;6.11 and 9.1(8), or</LI>
<LI>if applicable, make any change that adversely affects the right to convert
any security as provided in Article&nbsp;14 or pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1
(except as permitted by Section&nbsp;9.1(9)).</LI></OL>

<P>A supplemental indenture which changes or eliminates any covenant or other
provision of this Indenture which has expressly been included solely for the
benefit of one or more particular series of Securities, or which modifies the
rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant
or other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this
Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.</P>
<P>It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders under this Section&nbsp;to
approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall
be sufficient if such Act shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896630">Execution of Supplemental Indentures</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental
indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby of the trusts
created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and
(subject to Sections&nbsp;6.1 and 6.3) shall be fully protected in relying upon,
an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture
is authorized or permitted by this Indenture.  The Trustee may, but shall not be
obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture which affects the
Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or
otherwise.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896631">Effect of Supplemental Indentures</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental
indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all purposes; and every Holder
of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated and delivered hereunder
shall be bound thereby.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896632">Conformity with Trust Indenture Act</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article shall conform
to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<B><P> Section 9.6 &nbsp;&nbsp; <A NAME="_Toc62896633">Reference in Securities to Supplemental
Indentures</A>

</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution of
any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article may, and shall if required
by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved by the Trustee as to any matter
provided for in such supplemental indenture.  If the Company shall so determine,
new Securities of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the
Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may be prepared and
executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in
exchange for Outstanding Securities of such series.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 10<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896634">COVENANTS</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 10.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896635">Payment of Principal, Premium and Interest</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of each series of Securities
that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and any premium and
interest on the Securities of that series in accordance with the terms of the
Securities and this Indenture.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896636">Maintenance of Office or Agency</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company will maintain in each Place of Payment for any series of
Securities an office or agency where Securities of that series may be presented
or surrendered for payment, where Securities of that series may be surrendered
for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of that series may be
surrendered for conversion and where notices and demands to or upon the Company
in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be served.
The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and
any change in the location, of such office or agency.  If at any time the
Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail
to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders,
notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all
such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.  Unless otherwise provided
in a supplemental indenture or pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 hereof, the Place of
Payment for any series of Securities shall be the Corporate Trust Office of the
Trustee.</P>
<P>The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or
agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or
surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such
designations; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that no such designation or
rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain
an office or agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for
such purposes.  The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of
any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such
other office or agency.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896637">Money for Securities Payments to be Held in
Trust</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with respect to
any series of Securities, it will, on or before each due date of the principal
of or any premium or interest on any of the Securities of that series, segregate
and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum
sufficient to pay the principal and any premium and interest so becoming due
until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein
provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to
act.</P>
<P>Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any series of
Securities, it will, on or prior to each due date of the principal of or any
premium or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with a Paying
Agent a sum sufficient to pay such amount, such sum to be held as provided by
the Trust Indenture Act, and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the
Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its action or failure so to act.</P>
<P>The Company will cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities other
than the Trustee to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which
such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of
this Section, that such Paying Agent will (1)&nbsp;comply with the provisions of
the Trust Indenture Act applicable to it as a Paying Agent and (2)&nbsp;during
the continuance of any default by the Company (or any other obligor upon the
Securities of that series) in the making of any payment in respect of the
Securities of that series, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith
pay to the Trustee all sums held in trust by such Paying Agent for payment in
respect of the Securities of that series.</P>
<P>The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company
Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by
the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the
same trusts as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such
Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such
money.</P>
<P>Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the
Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest
on any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for a period ending on the
earlier of the date that is ten Business Days prior to the date such money would
escheat to the State or two years after such principal, premium or interest has
become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if
then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of
such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to
the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying
Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as
trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that
the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such
repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in a
newspaper published in the English language, customarily published on each
Business Day and of general circulation in each Place of Payment, notice that
such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which
shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication, any unclaimed
balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896638">Statement by Officers as to Default</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company will deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year of the Company ending after the date hereof, an Officers'
Certificate, stating whether or not to the best knowledge of the signers thereof
the Company is in default in the performance and observance of any of the terms,
provisions and conditions of this Indenture (without regard to any period of
grace or requirement of notice provided hereunder) and, if the Company shall be
in default, specifying all such defaults and the nature and status thereof of
which they may have knowledge.  The fiscal year of the Company currently ends on
December 31; and the Company will give the Trustee prompt written notice of any
change of its fiscal year.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896639">Existence</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Subject to Article&nbsp;8, the Company will do or cause to be done all things
necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence.</P>

<B><P> Section 10.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896640">Waiver of Certain Covenants</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for
Securities of such series, the Company may, with respect to the Securities of
any series, omit in any particular instance to comply with any term, provision
or condition set forth in any covenant provided pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.1(19), 9.1(2) or 9.1(7) for the benefit of the Holders of such
series if before the time for such compliance the Holders of at least a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall, by Act
of such Holders, either waive such compliance in such instance or generally
waive compliance with such term, provision or condition, but no such waiver
shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent
so expressly waived, and, until such waiver shall become effective, the
obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee in respect of any such
term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.</P>



</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 11<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896641">REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 11.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896642">Applicability of Article</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Securities of any series that are redeemable before their Stated Maturity
shall be redeemable in accordance with their terms and (except as otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities) in accordance
with this Article.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896643">Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The election of the Company to redeem any Securities shall be evidenced by a
Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated by
Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities. In case of any redemption at the election
of the Company of less than all the Securities of any series (including any such
redemption affecting only a single Security), the Company shall, at least 45
days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice
shall be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption
Date, of the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed and,
if applicable, of the tenor of the Securities to be redeemed. In the case of any
redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such
redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this
Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers' Certificate
evidencing compliance with such restriction.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896644">Selection by Trustee of Securities to Be
Redeemed</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If less than all the Securities of any series are to be redeemed (unless all
the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed or
unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
not previously called for redemption, by lot, or in the Trustee's discretion, on
a pro-rata basis, provided that the unredeemed portion of the principal amount
of any Security shall be in an authorized denomination (which shall not be less
than the minimum authorized denomination) for such Security.  If less than all
the Securities of such series and of a specified tenor are to be redeemed
(unless such redemption affects only a single Security), the particular
Securities to be redeemed shall be selected not more than 45 days prior to the
Redemption Date by the Trustee, from the Outstanding Securities of such series
and specified tenor not previously called for redemption in accordance with the
preceding sentence.</P>
<P>If any Security selected for partial redemption is converted in part before
termination of the conversion right with respect to the portion of the Security
so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as
may be) to be the portion selected for redemption.  Securities that have been
converted during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated by
the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.</P>
<P>The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the Securities
selected for redemption as aforesaid and, in case of any Securities selected for
partial redemption as aforesaid, the principal amount thereof to be
redeemed.</P>
<P>The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall not apply with respect
to any redemption affecting only a single Security, whether such Security is to
be redeemed in whole or in part.  In the case of any such redemption in part,
the unredeemed portion of the principal amount of the Security shall be in an
authorized denomination (which shall not be less than the minimum authorized
denomination) for such Security.</P>
<P>For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise requires,
all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the
case of any Securities redeemed or to be redeemed only in part, to the portion
of the principal amount of such Securities which has been or is to be
redeemed.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896645">Notice of Redemption</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Notice of redemption shall be given by first-class mail, postage prepaid,
mailed not fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date,
unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed, to each
Holder of Securities to be redeemed, at its address appearing in the Security
Register.</P>
<P>All notices of redemption shall state:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Redemption Date,</LI>
<LI>the Redemption Price (including accrued interest, if any),</LI>
<LI>if less than all the Outstanding Securities of any series consisting of more
than a single Security are to be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case
of partial redemption of any such Securities, the principal amounts) of the
particular Securities to be redeemed and, if less than all the Outstanding
Securities of any series consisting of a single Security are to be redeemed, the
principal amount of the particular Security to be redeemed,</LI>
<LI>in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, that on and after the
Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of such Security
will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized
denominations for the principal amount thereof remaining unredeemed,</LI>
<LI>that on the Redemption Date the Redemption Price will become due and payable
upon each such Security to be redeemed and, if applicable, that interest thereon
will cease to accrue on and after said date,</LI>
<LI>the place or places where each such Security is to be surrendered for
payment of the Redemption Price,</LI>
<LI>if applicable, the conversion price or the conversion rate, as the case may
be, the date on which the right to convert the principal of the Securities or
the portions thereof to be redeemed will terminate, and the place or places
where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion, </LI>
<LI>that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case, and</LI>
<LI>&#9;the CUSIP number or numbers and/or common codes of the Security being
redeemed.</LI></OL>

<P>Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election of the
Company shall be given by the Company or, at the Company's request, by the
Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company and shall be
irrevocable.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896646">Deposit of Redemption Price</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>On or prior to any Redemption Date, the Company shall deposit with the
Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying
Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided in Section&nbsp;10.3) an amount
of money sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the
Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date) accrued interest on, all the
Securities which are to be redeemed on that date.</P>
<P>If any Security called for redemption is converted, any money deposited with
the Trustee or with a Paying Agent or so segregated and held in trust for the
redemption of such Security shall (subject to the right of any Holder of such
Security to receive interest as provided in the last paragraph of
Section&nbsp;3.7) be paid to the Company on Company Request, or if then held by
the Company, shall be discharged from such trust.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896647">Securities Payable on Redemption Date</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid, the Securities so to be
redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become due and payable at the Redemption
Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall
default in the payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such
Securities shall cease to bear interest.  Upon surrender of any such Security
for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by
the Company at the Redemption Price, together with accrued interest to the
Redemption Date; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, unless otherwise
specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1, installments of interest whose
Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date will be payable to the
Holders of such Securities, or one or more Predecessor Securities, registered as
such at the close of business on the relevant Record Dates according to their
terms and the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>
<P>If any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender
thereof for redemption, the principal and any premium shall, until paid, bear
interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the
Security.</P>

<B><P> Section 11.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896648">Securities Redeemed in Part</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any Security which is to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered at a
Place of Payment therefor (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due
endorsement by, or a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the
Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or its attorney
duly authorized in writing), and the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without service
charge, a new Security or Securities of the same series and of like tenor, of
any authorized denomination as requested by such Holder, in aggregate principal
amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of
the Security so surrendered.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 12<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896649">SINKING FUNDS</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 12.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896650">Applicability of Article</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to any sinking fund for
the retirement of Securities of any series except as otherwise specified as
contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities.</P>
<P>The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of
any Securities is herein referred to as a &quot;mandatory sinking fund
payment,&quot; and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by
the terms of such Securities is herein referred to as an &quot;optional sinking
fund payment.&quot;  If provided for by the terms of any Securities, the cash
amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in
Section&nbsp;12.2.  Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption
of Securities as provided for by the terms of such Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 12.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896651">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with
Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company (1)&nbsp;may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series (other
than any previously called for redemption) and (2)&nbsp;may apply as a credit
Securities of a series which have been redeemed either at the election of the
Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of
permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such
Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund
payment with respect to any Securities of such series required to be made
pursuant to the terms of such Securities as and to the extent provided for by
the terms of such Securities; provided that the Securities to be so credited
have not been previously so credited.  The Securities to be so credited shall be
received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price,
as specified in the Securities so to be redeemed, for redemption through
operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly.</P>

<B><P> Section 12.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896652">Redemption of Securities for Sinking
Fund</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Not fewer than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any
Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate
specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for such
Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if
any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities pursuant to
Section&nbsp;12.2 and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
delivered.  Not fewer than 30 days prior to each such sinking fund payment date,
the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund
payment date in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;11.3 and cause notice of
the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the
Company in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;11.4.  Such notice having been
duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and
in the manner stated in Sections&nbsp;11.6 and 11.7.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 13<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896653">DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 13.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896654">Company's Option to Effect Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company may elect, at its option at any time, to have Section&nbsp;13.2
or Section&nbsp;13.3 applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as
the case may be, designated pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 as being defeasible
pursuant to such Section&nbsp;13.2 or 13.3, in accordance with any applicable
requirements provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 and upon compliance with the
conditions set forth below in this Article.  Any such election shall be
evidenced by a Board Resolution or in another manner specified as contemplated
by Section&nbsp;3.1 for such Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896655">Defeasance and Discharge</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this
Section&nbsp;applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case
may be, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged from its
obligations, and the provisions of Article&nbsp;15 shall cease to be effective,
with respect to such Securities as provided in this Section on and after the
date the conditions set forth in Section&nbsp;13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter
called &quot;Defeasance&quot;).  For this purpose, such Defeasance means that
the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness
represented by such Securities and to have satisfied all its other obligations
under such Securities and this Indenture insofar as such Securities are
concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper
instruments acknowledging the same), subject to the following which shall
survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the rights of Holders of such Securities to receive, solely from the trust
fund described in Section&nbsp;13.4 and as more fully set forth in such Section,
payments in respect of the principal of and any premium and interest on such
Securities when payments are due,</LI>
<LI>the Company's obligations with respect to such Securities under
Sections&nbsp;3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 10.2 and 10.3, and, if applicable,
Article&nbsp;14,</LI>
<LI>the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder,
and</LI>
<LI>this Article.</LI></OL>

<P>Subject to compliance with this Article, the Company may exercise its option
(if any) to have this Section applied to any Securities notwithstanding the
prior exercise of its option (if any) to have Section&nbsp;13.3 applied to such
Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896656">Covenant Defeasance</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Upon the Company's exercise of its option (if any) to have this Section
applied to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case may be,</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Company shall be released from its obligations under any covenants
provided pursuant to Sections&nbsp;3.1(19), 9.1(2) or 9.1(7) for the benefit of
the Holders of such Securities,</LI>
<LI>the occurrence of any event specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(4) (with respect
to any such covenants provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1(19), 9.1(2) or
9.1(7)) and the occurrence of any Event of Default specified pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.1 shall be deemed not to be or result in an Event of Default,
and</LI>
<LI>the provisions of Article&nbsp;15 shall cease to be effective, </LI></OL>

<P>in each case with respect to such Securities or any series of Securities as
provided in this Section&nbsp;on and after the date the conditions set forth in
Section&nbsp;13.4 are satisfied (hereinafter called &quot;Covenant
Defeasance&quot;).  For this purpose, such Covenant Defeasance means that, with
respect to such Securities, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have
no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any
such specified Section (to the extent so specified in the case of
Section&nbsp;5.1(4) and the occurrence of any Event of Default specified
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1) or Article&nbsp;15, whether directly or indirectly
by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such Section or Article or by
reason of any reference in any such Section or Article to any other provision
herein or in any other document, but the remainder of this Indenture and such
Securities shall be unaffected thereby.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896657">Conditions to Defeasance or Covenant
Defeasance</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The following shall be the conditions to the application of Section&nbsp;13.2
or Section&nbsp;13.3 to any Securities or any series of Securities, as the case
may be:</P>
<OL>

<LI>The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be deposited with
the Trustee (or another trustee which satisfies the requirements contemplated by
Section&nbsp;6.9 and agrees to comply with the provisions of this
Article&nbsp;applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making
the following payments, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated
solely to, the benefits of the Holders of such Securities,</LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>in the case of Securities of a series denominated in currency of the United
States of America, </LI>
<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>cash in currency of the United States of America in an amount, or </LI>
<LI>U.S. Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of principal
and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will provide, not
later than one day before the due date of any payment, an amount in cash, or
</LI>
<LI>a combination thereof, or</LI></OL>

<LI>in the case of Securities of a series denominated in currency other than
that of the United States of America, </LI>
<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>cash in the currency in which such series of Securities is denominated in an
amount, or </LI>
<LI>Foreign Government Obligations which through the scheduled payment of
principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance with their terms will
provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, an amount in
cash, or</LI>
<LI>a combination thereof, </LI></OL>
</OL>

<P>in each case sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of
independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof
delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge, and which shall be applied by
the Trustee (or any such other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, the
principal of and any premium and interest on such Securities on the respective
Stated Maturities, in accordance with the terms of this Indenture and such
Securities.</P>
<LI>For Securities denominated in United States dollars, in the event of an
election to have Section&nbsp;13.2 apply to any Securities or any series of
Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
an Opinion of Counsel stating that</LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal
Revenue Service a ruling or</LI>
<LI>since the date of this instrument, there has been a change in the applicable
Federal income tax law, </LI></OL>

<P>in either case (A) or (B) to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion
shall confirm that, the Holders of such Securities will not recognize gain or
loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the deposit, Defeasance and
discharge to be effected with respect to such Securities and will be subject to
Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner and at the same times
as would be the case if such deposit, Defeasance and discharge were not to
occur.</P>
<LI>For Securities denominated in United States dollars, in the event of an
election to have Section&nbsp;13.3 apply to any Securities or any series of
Securities, as the case may be, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee
an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of such Securities will not
recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of the
deposit and Covenant Defeasance to be effected with respect to such Securities
and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount, in the same manner
and at the same times as would be the case if such deposit and Covenant
Defeasance were not to occur.</LI>
<LI>The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate to
the effect that neither such Securities nor any other Securities of the same
series, if then listed on any securities exchange, will be delisted as a result
of such deposit.</LI>
<LI>No event which is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become, an
Event of Default with respect to such Securities or any other Securities shall
have occurred and be continuing at the time of such deposit or, with regard to
any such event specified in Sections 5.1(5) and (6), at any time on or prior to
the 90th day after the date of such deposit (it being understood that this
condition shall not be deemed satisfied until after such 90th day).</LI>
<LI>Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not cause the Trustee to have a
conflicting interest within the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act (assuming all
Securities are in default within the meaning of such Act).</LI>
<LI>Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or
violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other
agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is
bound.</LI>
<LI>Such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in the trust arising
from such deposit constituting an investment company within the meaning of the
Investment Company Act unless such trust shall be registered under such Act or
exempt from registration thereunder.</LI>
<LI>At the time of such deposit,</LI>
<OL TYPE="A">

<LI>no default in the payment of any principal of or premium or interest on any
Senior Debt shall have occurred and be continuing,</LI>
<LI>no event of default with respect to any Senior Debt shall have resulted in
such Senior Debt becoming, and continuing to be, due and payable prior to the
date on which it would otherwise have become due and payable (unless payment of
such Senior Debt has been made or duly provided for), and</LI>
<LI>no other event of default with respect to any Senior Debt shall have
occurred and be continuing permitting (after notice or lapse of time or both)
the holders of such Senior Debt (or a trustee on behalf of such holders) to
declare such Senior Debt due and payable prior to the date on which it would
otherwise have become due and payable.</LI></OL>

<LI>The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and
an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent with respect
to such Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance have been complied with.</LI></OL>

<B><P> Section 13.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896658">Deposited Money, U.S. Government Obligations and
Foreign Government Obligations to be Held in Trust</B>; <B>Miscellaneous
Provisions.</A>
</B><P>Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;10.3, all
money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign Government Obligations (including
the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee
(solely for purposes of this Section&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;13.6, the Trustee and
any such other trustee are referred to collectively as the &quot;Trustee&quot;)
pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.4 in respect of any Securities shall be held in
trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such
Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any
such Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the
Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Securities, of all sums due and to
become due thereon in respect of principal and any premium and interest, but
money so held in trust need not be segregated from other funds except to the
extent required by law.  Money, U.S. Government Obligations and Foreign
Government Obligations so held in trust shall not be subject to the provisions
of Article&nbsp;15.</P>
<P>The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other
charge imposed on or assessed against the U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign
Government Obligations deposited pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.4 or the principal
and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other
charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of Outstanding
Securities.</P>
<P>Anything in this Article&nbsp;to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee
shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any
money, U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held by it
as provided in Section&nbsp;13.4 with respect to any Securities which, in the
opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants
expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are in
excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to
effect the Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance, as the case may be, with respect
to such Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 13.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896659">Reinstatement</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money in accordance
with this Article with respect to any Securities by reason of any order or
judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or
otherwise prohibiting such application, then the obligations under this
Indenture and such Securities from which the Company has been discharged or
released pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.2 or 13.3 shall be revived and reinstated
as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to this Article&nbsp;with respect to
such Securities, until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to
apply all money held in trust pursuant to Section&nbsp;13.5 with respect to such
Securities in accordance with this Article; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that if the Company makes any payment of principal of or any premium or interest
on any such Security following such reinstatement of its obligations, the
Company shall be subrogated to the rights (if any) of the Holders of such
Securities to receive such payment from the money so held in trust.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 14<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896660">CONVERSION OF SECURITIES</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 14.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896661">Applicability of Article</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The provisions of this Article shall be applicable to the Securities of any
series which are convertible into shares of Common Stock of the Company, and the
issuance of such shares of Common Stock upon the conversion of such Securities,
except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section&nbsp;3.1 for the
Securities of such series or in a supplemental indenture for Securities of such
series.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896662">Exercise of Conversion Privilege</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In order to exercise a conversion privilege, the Holder of a Security of a
series with such a privilege shall surrender such Security to the Company at the
office or agency maintained for that purpose pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.2,
accompanied by a duly executed conversion notice to the Company substantially in
the form set forth in Section&nbsp;2.6 stating that the Holder elects to convert
such Security or a specified portion thereof.  Such notice shall also state, if
different from the name and address of such Holder, the name or names (with
address) in which the certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock,
which shall be issuable on such conversion, shall be issued.  Securities
surrendered for conversion shall (if so required by the Company or the Trustee)
be duly endorsed by or accompanied by instruments of transfer in forms
satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by the Holder or its
attorney duly authorized in writing.  As promptly as practicable after the
receipt of such notice and of any payment required pursuant to a Board
Resolution and, subject to Section&nbsp;3.3, set forth, or determined in the
manner provided, in an Officers' Certificate, or established in one or more
indentures supplemental hereto setting forth the terms of such series of
Security, and the surrender of such Security in accordance with such reasonable
regulations as the Company may prescribe, the Company shall issue and shall
deliver, at the office or agency at which such Security is surrendered, to such
Holder or on its written order, a certificate or certificates for the number of
full shares of Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of such Security (or
specified portion thereof), in accordance with the provisions of such Board
Resolution, Officers' Certificate or supplemental indenture, and cash as
provided therein in respect of any fractional share of such Common Stock
otherwise issuable upon such conversion. Such conversion shall be deemed to have
been effected immediately prior to the close of business on the date on which
such notice and such payment, if required, shall have been received in proper
order for conversion by the Company and such Security shall have been
surrendered as aforesaid (unless such Holder shall have so surrendered such
Security and shall have instructed the Company to effect the conversion on a
particular date following such surrender and such Holder shall be entitled to
convert such Security on such date, in which case such conversion shall be
deemed to be effected immediately prior to the close of business on such date)
and at such time the rights of the Holder of such Security as such Security
Holder shall cease and the person or persons in whose name or names any
certificate or certificates for shares of Common Stock of the Company shall be
issuable upon such conversion shall be deemed to have become the Holder or
Holders of record of the shares represented thereby.  Except as set forth above
and subject to the final paragraph of Section&nbsp;3.7, no payment or adjustment
shall be made upon any conversion on account of any interest accrued on the
Securities (or any part thereof) surrendered for conversion or on account of any
dividends on the Common Stock of the Company issued upon such conversion.</P>
<P>In the case of any Security which is converted in part only, upon such
conversion the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and
deliver to or on the order of the Holder thereof, at the expense of the Company,
a new Security or Securities of the same series, of authorized denominations, in
aggregate principal amount equal to the unconverted portion of such
Security.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896663">No Fractional Shares</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No fractional share of Common Stock of the Company shall be issued upon
conversions of Securities of any series.  If more than one Security shall be
surrendered for conversion at one time by the same Holder, the number of full
shares which shall be issuable upon conversion shall be computed on the basis of
the aggregate principal amount of the Securities (or specified portions thereof
to the extent permitted hereby) so surrendered.  If, except for the provisions
of this Section&nbsp;14.3, any Holder of a Security or Securities would be
entitled to a fractional share of Common Stock of the Company upon the
conversion of such Security or Securities, or specified portions thereof, the
Company shall pay to such Holder an amount in cash equal to the current market
value of such fractional share computed, (i)&nbsp;if such Common Stock is listed
or admitted to unlisted trading privileges on a national securities exchange or
market, on the basis of the last reported sale price regular way on such
exchange or market on the last trading day prior to the date of conversion upon
which such a sale shall have been effected, or (ii)&nbsp;if such Common Stock is
not at the time so listed or admitted to unlisted trading privileges on a
national securities exchange or market, on the basis of the average of the bid
and asked prices of such Common Stock in the over-the-counter market, on the
last trading day prior to the date of conversion, as reported by the National
Quotation Bureau, Incorporated or similar organization if the National Quotation
Bureau, Incorporated is no longer reporting such information, or if not so
available, the fair market price as determined by the Board of Directors.  For
purposes of this Section, &quot;trading day&quot; shall mean each Monday,
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday other than any day on which the Common
Stock is not traded on the Nasdaq National Market, or if the Common Stock is not
traded on the Nasdaq National Market, on the principal exchange or market on
which the Common Stock is traded or quoted.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896664">Adjustment of Conversion Price or Conversion
Rate</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The conversion price or conversion rate, as the case may be, of Securities of
any series that is convertible into Common Stock of the Company shall be
adjusted for any stock dividends, stock splits, reclassifications, combinations
or similar transactions in accordance with the terms of the supplemental
indenture or Board Resolutions setting forth the terms of the Securities of such
series.</P>
<P>Whenever the conversion price or conversion rate, as the case may be, is
adjusted, the Company shall compute the adjusted conversion price or conversion
rate, as the case may be, in accordance with terms of the applicable Board
Resolution or supplemental indenture and shall prepare an Officers' Certificate
setting forth the adjusted conversion price or conversion rate, as the case may
be, and showing in reasonable detail the facts upon which such adjustment is
based, and such certificate shall forthwith be filed at each office or agency
maintained for the purpose of conversion of Securities pursuant to
Section&nbsp;10.2 and, if different, with the Trustee.  The Company shall
forthwith cause a notice setting forth the adjusted conversion price or
conversion rate, as the case may be, to be mailed, first class postage prepaid,
to each Holder of Securities of such series at its address appearing on the
Security Register and to any conversion agent other than the Trustee.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896665">Notice of Certain Corporate Actions</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>In case:</P>
<OL>

<LI>the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution) on its
Common Stock payable otherwise than in cash out of its retained earnings (other
than a dividend for which approval of any shareholders of the Company is
required) that would require an adjustment pursuant to Section&nbsp;14.4;
or</LI>
<LI>the Company shall authorize the granting to all or substantially all of the
holders of its Common Stock of rights, options or warrants to subscribe for or
purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any other rights (other
than any such grant for which approval of any shareholders of the Company is
required); or</LI>
<LI>of any reclassification of the Common Stock of the Company (other than a
subdivision or combination of its outstanding shares of Common Stock, or of any
consolidation, merger or share exchange to which the Company is a party and for
which approval of any shareholders of the Company is required), or of the sale
of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; or</LI>
<LI>of the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of
the Company; </LI></OL>

<P>then the Company shall cause to be filed with the Trustee, and shall cause to
be mailed to all Holders at their last addresses as they shall appear in the
Security Register, at least 20 days (or 10 days in any case specified in
clause&nbsp;(1) or (2) above) prior to the applicable record date hereinafter
specified, a notice stating (i)&nbsp;the date on which a record is to be taken
for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, rights, options or warrants, or,
if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of Common Stock
of record to be entitled to such dividend, distribution, rights, options or
warrants are to be determined, or (ii)&nbsp;the date on which such
reclassification, consolidation, merger, share exchange, sale, dissolution,
liquidation or winding up is expected to become effective, and the date as of
which it is expected that holders of Common Stock of record shall be entitled to
exchange their shares of Common Stock for securities, cash or other property
deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, share exchange,
sale, dissolution, liquidation or winding up. If at any time the Trustee shall
not be the conversion agent, a copy of such notice shall also forthwith be filed
by the Company with the Trustee.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896666">Reservation of Shares of Common Stock</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available, free from
preemptive rights, out of its authorized but unissued Common Stock, for the
purpose of effecting the conversion of Securities, the full number of shares of
Common Stock of the Company then issuable upon the conversion of all outstanding
Securities of any series that has conversion rights.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896667">Payment of Certain Taxes upon Conversion</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as provided in the next sentence, the Company will pay any and all
taxes that may be payable in respect of the issue or delivery of shares of its
Common Stock on conversion of Securities pursuant hereto.  The Company shall
not, however, be required to pay any tax which may be payable in respect of any
transfer involved in the issue and delivery of shares of its Common Stock in a
name other than that of the Holder of the Security or Securities to be
converted, and no such issue or delivery shall be made unless and until the
person requesting such issue has paid to the Company the amount of any such tax,
or has established, to the satisfaction of the Company, that such tax has been
paid.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896668">Nonassessability</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company covenants that all shares of its Common Stock that may be issued
upon conversion of Securities will upon issue in accordance with the terms
hereof be duly and validly issued and fully paid and nonassessable.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896669">Provision in Case of Consolidation, Merger or Sale
of Assets</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise provided by Section 3.1 with respect to any series of
Securities or in a supplemental indenture with respect to any series of
Securities, in case of any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into
any other Person, any merger of another Person with or into the Company (other
than a merger which does not result in any reclassification, conversion,
exchange or cancellation of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company)
or any conveyance, sale, transfer or lease of all or substantially all of the
assets of the Company, the Person formed by such consolidation or resulting from
such merger or which acquires such assets, as the case may be, shall execute and
deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture providing that the Holder of
each Security of a series then Outstanding that is convertible into Common Stock
of the Company shall have the right thereafter (which right shall be the
exclusive conversion right thereafter available to said Holder), during the
period such Security shall be convertible, to convert such Security only into
the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such
consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by a holder of the
number of shares of Common Stock of the Company into which such Security might
have been converted immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
sale, transfer or lease, assuming such holder of Common Stock of the Company
(i)&nbsp;is not a Person with which the Company consolidated or merged with or
into or which merged into or with the Company or to which such conveyance, sale,
transfer or lease was made, as the case may be (a &quot;Constituent
Person&quot;), or an Affiliate of a Constituent Person and (ii)&nbsp;failed to
exercise his rights of election, if any, as to the kind or amount of securities,
cash and other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
sale, transfer or lease (provided that if the kind or amount of securities, cash
and other property receivable upon such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale,
transfer, or lease is not the same for each share of Common Stock of the Company
held immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer
or lease by others than a Constituent Person or an Affiliate thereof and in
respect of which such rights of election shall not have been exercised
(&quot;Non-electing Share&quot;), then for the purpose of this Section&nbsp;14.9
the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property receivable upon such
consolidation, merger, conveyance, sale, transfer or lease by the holders of
each Non-electing Share shall be deemed to be the kind and amount so receivable
per share by a plurality of the Non-electing Shares).  Such supplemental
indenture shall provide for adjustments which, for events subsequent to the
effective date of such supplemental indenture, shall be as nearly equivalent as
may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Article or in
accordance with the terms of the supplemental indenture or Board Resolutions
setting forth the terms of such adjustments.  The above provisions of this
Section&nbsp;14.9 shall similarly apply to successive consolidations, mergers,
conveyances, sales, transfers or leases. Notice of the execution of such a
supplemental indenture shall be given by the Company to the Holder of each
Security of a series that is convertible into Common Stock of the Company as
provided in Section&nbsp;1.6 promptly upon such execution.</P>
<P>Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent, if any, shall be under any
responsibility to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in any
such supplemental indenture relating either to the kind or amount of shares of
stock or other securities or property or cash receivable by Holders of
Securities of a series convertible into Common Stock of the Company upon the
conversion of their Securities after any such consolidation, merger, conveyance,
transfer, sale or lease or to any such adjustment, but may accept as conclusive
evidence of the correctness of any such provisions, and shall be protected in
relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel with respect thereto, which the Company
shall cause to be furnished to the Trustee upon request.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896670">Duties of Trustee Regarding Conversion</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall at any time be under any
duty or responsibility to any Holder of Securities of any series that is
convertible into Common Stock of the Company to determine whether any facts
exist which may require any adjustment of the conversion price or conversion
rate, as the case may be, or with respect to the nature or extent of any such
adjustment when made, or with respect to the method employed, whether herein or
in any supplemental indenture, any resolutions of the Board of Directors or
written instrument executed by one or more officers of the Company provided to
be employed in making the same.  Neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent
shall be accountable with respect to the validity or value (or the kind or
amount) of any shares of Common Stock of the Company, or of any securities or
property, which may at any time be issued or delivered upon the conversion of
any Securities and neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent makes any
representation with respect thereto.  Subject to the provisions of
Section&nbsp;6.1, neither the Trustee nor any conversion agent shall be
responsible for any failure of the Company to issue, transfer or deliver any
shares of its Common Stock or stock certificates or other securities or property
upon the surrender of any Security for the purpose of conversion or to comply
with any of the covenants of the Company contained in this Article&nbsp;14 or in
the applicable supplemental indenture, resolutions of the Board of Directors or
written instrument executed by one or more duly authorized officers of the
Company.</P>

<B><P> Section 14.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896671">Repayment of Certain Funds upon
Conversion</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Any funds which at any time shall have been deposited by the Company or on
its behalf with the Trustee or any other paying agent for the purpose of paying
the principal of, and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on any of the
Securities (including, but not limited to, funds deposited for the sinking fund
referred to in Article&nbsp;12 hereof and funds deposited pursuant to
Article&nbsp;13 hereof) and which shall not be required for such purposes
because of the conversion of such Securities as provided in this Article&nbsp;14
shall after such conversion be repaid to the Company by the Trustee upon the
Company's written request.</P>

</DIR>
<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">ARTICLE 15<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="_Toc62896672">SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES</A> </P>
<DIR>

<P> Section 15.1 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896673">Agreement of Subordination</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Except as otherwise provided in a supplemental indenture or pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.1, the Company covenants and agrees, and each Holder of
Securities issued hereunder by its acceptance thereof likewise covenants and
agrees, that all Securities shall be issued subject to the provisions of this
Article&nbsp;15; and each Person holding any Security, whether upon original
issue or upon transfer, assignment or exchange thereof, accepts and agrees to be
bound by such provisions.</P>
<P>The payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on all
Securities (including, but not limited to, the redemption price with respect to
the Securities called for redemption in accordance with Article&nbsp;11 as
provided in the Indenture) issued hereunder shall, to the extent and in the
manner hereinafter set forth, be subordinated and subject in right of payment to
the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt, whether outstanding at the date of
this Indenture or thereafter incurred.</P>
<P>No provision of this Article&nbsp;15 shall prevent the occurrence of any
default or Event of Default hereunder.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896674">Payments to Holders</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No payment shall be made with respect to the principal of, or premium, if
any, or interest on the Securities (including, but not limited to, the
redemption price with respect to the Securities to be called for redemption in
accordance with Article&nbsp;11 as provided in the Indenture), except payments
and distributions made by the Trustee as permitted by the first or second
paragraph of Section&nbsp;15.5, if:</P>
<OL TYPE="A">

<OL TYPE="i">

<LI>a default in the payment of principal, premium, if any, interest, rent or
other obligations due on any Senior Debt occurs and is continuing (or, in the
case of Senior Debt for which there is a period of grace, in the event of such a
default that continues beyond the period of grace, if any, specified in the
instrument or lease evidencing such Senior Debt) (a &quot;Payment
Default&quot;), unless and until such default shall have been cured or waived or
shall have ceased to exist; or</LI>
<LI>a default, other than a Payment Default, on any Designated Senior Debt
occurs and is continuing that then permits holders of such Designated Senior
Debt to accelerate its maturity and the Trustee receives a notice of the default
(a &quot;Payment Blockage Notice&quot;) from a holder of Designated Senior Debt,
a Representative of Designated Senior Debt or the Company (a &quot;Non-Payment
Default&quot;).</LI>
</OL>
</OL>
<P>If the Trustee receives any Payment Blockage Notice pursuant to clause
(ii)&nbsp;above, no subsequent Payment Blockage Notice shall be effective for
purposes of this Section&nbsp;unless and until at least 365 days shall have
elapsed since the initial effectiveness of the immediately prior Payment
Blockage Notice.  No Non-Payment Default that existed or was continuing on the
date of delivery of any Payment Blockage Notice to the Trustee shall be, or be
made, the basis for a subsequent Payment Blockage Notice.</P>
<P>The Company may and shall resume payments on and distributions in respect of
the Securities upon the earlier of:</P>

<OL TYPE="1">
<LI VALUE=1>in the case of any Payment Default, the date upon which the Payment
Default is cured or waived or ceases to exist, or</LI>
<LI>in the case of a Non-Payment Default, the earlier of (a) the date upon which
such Non-Payment Default is cured, waived or ceases to exist or (b) 179 days
after the date on which the applicable Payment Blockage Notice is received by
the Trustee,</LI>
</OL>
<P>unless this Article&nbsp;15 otherwise prohibits the payment or distribution
at such time.</P>
<P>Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or
character, whether in cash, property or securities, to creditors upon any
dissolution or winding-up or liquidation or reorganization of the Company,
whether voluntary or involuntary or in bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
liquidation, receivership or other proceedings, or upon an assignment for the
benefit of creditors or any marshalling of the assets and liabilities of the
Company, or otherwise, all amounts due or to become due upon all Senior Debt
shall first be paid in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders
of such Senior Debt, or payment thereof in accordance with its terms provided
for in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Debt,
before any payment is made on account of the principal of, premium, if any, or
interest on the Securities (except payments made pursuant to Article&nbsp;4 from
monies deposited with the Trustee pursuant thereto prior to commencement of
proceedings for such dissolution, winding-up, liquidation, reorganization,
assignment for the benefit of creditors or the marshalling of assets and
liabilities of the Company); and upon any such dissolution, winding-up,
liquidation, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors or
marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company or bankruptcy, insolvency,
receivership or other proceeding, any payment by the Company, or distribution of
assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash, property or
securities, to which the Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be
entitled, except for the provision of this Article&nbsp;15, shall (except as
aforesaid) be paid by the Company or by any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy,
liquidating trustee, agent or other Person making such payment or distribution,
or by the Holders of the Securities or by the Trustee under this Indenture if
received by them or it, directly to the holders of Senior Debt (pro rata to such
holders on the basis of the respective amounts of Senior Debt held by such
holders, or as otherwise required by law or a court order) or their
Representative or Representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any
indenture pursuant to which any instruments evidencing any Senior Debt may have
been issued, as their respective interests may appear, to the extent necessary
to pay all Senior Debt in full, in cash or other payment satisfactory to the
holders of such Senior Debt, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or
distribution to or for the holders of Senior Debt, before any payment or
distribution or provision therefor is made to the Holders of the Securities or
to the Trustee.</P>
<P>For purposes of this Article&nbsp;15, the words, &quot;cash, property or
securities&quot; shall not be deemed to include shares of stock of the Company
as reorganized or readjusted, or securities of the Company or any other
corporation provided for by a plan of reorganization or readjustment, the
payment of which is subordinated at least to the extent provided in this
Article&nbsp;15 with respect to the Securities to the payment of all Senior Debt
which may at the time be outstanding; <U>provided</U> that (i)&nbsp;the Senior
Debt is assumed by the new corporation, if any, resulting from any
reorganization or readjustment, and (ii)&nbsp;the rights of the holders of
Senior Debt (other than leases which are not assumed by the Company or the new
corporation, as the case may be) are not, without the consent of such holders,
altered by such reorganization or readjustment.  The consolidation of the
Company with, or the merger of the Company into, another corporation or the
liquidation or dissolution of the Company following the conveyance or transfer
of its property as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to another
corporation upon the terms and conditions provided for in Article&nbsp;8 shall
not be deemed a dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization for the
purposes of this Section&nbsp;15.2 if such other corporation shall, as a part of
such consolidation, merger, conveyance or transfer, comply with the conditions
stated in Article&nbsp;8.</P>
<P>In the event of the acceleration of the Securities because of an Event of
Default, no payment or distribution shall be made to the Trustee or any Holder
of Securities in respect of the principal of, premium, if any, or interest on
the Securities (including, but not limited to, the redemption price with respect
to the Securities called for redemption in accordance with Article&nbsp;11 as
provided in the Indenture), except payments and distributions made by the
Trustee as permitted by the first or second paragraph of Section&nbsp;15.5,
until all Senior Debt has been paid in full in cash or other payment
satisfactory to the holders of Senior Debt or such acceleration is rescinded in
accordance with the terms of this Indenture.  If payment of the Securities is
accelerated because of an Event of Default, the Company shall promptly notify
holders of Senior Debt of the acceleration.</P>
<P>In the event that, notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, any payment or
distribution of assets of the Company of any kind or character, whether in cash,
property or securities (including, without limitation, by way of setoff or
otherwise), prohibited by the foregoing, shall be received by the Trustee or the
Holders of the Securities before all Senior Debt is paid in full in cash or
other payment satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Debt, or provision is
made for such payment thereof in accordance with its terms in cash or other
payment satisfactory to the holders of such Senior Debt, such payment or
distribution shall be held in trust for the benefit of and shall be paid over or
delivered to the holders of Senior Debt or their Representative or
Representatives, or to the trustee or trustees under any indenture pursuant to
which any instruments evidencing any Senior Debt may have been issued, as their
respective interests may appear, as calculated by the Company, for application
to the payment of all Senior Debt remaining unpaid to the extent necessary to
pay all Senior Debt in full in cash or other payment satisfactory to the holders
of such Senior Debt, after giving effect to any concurrent payment or
distribution to or for the holders of such Senior Debt.</P>
<P>Nothing in this Section&nbsp;15.2 shall apply to claims of, or payments to,
the Trustee under or pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.7.  This Section&nbsp;15.2 shall
be subject to the further provisions of Section&nbsp;15.5.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.3 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896675">Subrogation of Securities</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Subject to the payment in full of all Senior Debt, the rights of the Holders
of the Securities shall be subrogated to the extent of the payments or
distributions made to the holders of such Senior Debt pursuant to the provisions
of this Article&nbsp;15 (equally and ratably with the holders of all
indebtedness of the Company which by its express terms is subordinated to other
indebtedness of the Company to substantially the same extent as the Securities
are subordinated and is entitled to like rights of subrogation) to the rights of
the holders of Senior Debt to receive payments or distributions of cash,
property or securities of the Company applicable to the Senior Debt until the
principal, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities shall be paid in
full; and, for the purposes of such subrogation, no payments or distributions to
the holders of the Senior Debt of any cash, property or securities to which the
Holders of the Securities or the Trustee would be entitled except for the
provisions of this Article&nbsp;15, and no payment over pursuant to the
provisions of this Article&nbsp;15, to or for the benefit of the holders of
Senior Debt by Holders of the Securities or the Trustee, shall, as between the
Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior Debt, and the Holders of the
Securities, be deemed to be a payment by the Company to or on account of the
Senior Debt; and no payments or distributions of cash, property or securities to
or for the benefit of the Holders of the Securities pursuant to the subrogation
provisions of this Article&nbsp;15, which would otherwise have been paid to the
holders of Senior Debt shall be deemed to be a payment by the Company to or for
the account of the Securities.  It is understood that the provisions of this
Article&nbsp;15 are and are intended solely for the purposes of defining the
relative rights of the Holders of the Securities, on the one hand, and the
holders of the Senior Debt, on the other hand.</P>
<P>Nothing contained in this Article&nbsp;15 or elsewhere in this Indenture or
in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as among the Company, its
creditors other than the holders of Senior Debt, and the Holders of the
Securities, the obligation of the Company, which is absolute and unconditional,
to pay to the Holders of the Securities the principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest on the Securities as and when the same shall become due and payable
in accordance with their terms, or is intended to or shall affect the relative
rights of the Holders of the Securities and creditors of the Company other than
the holders of the Senior Debt, nor shall anything herein or therein prevent the
Trustee or the Holder of any Security from exercising all remedies otherwise
permitted by applicable law upon default under this Indenture, subject to the
rights, if any, under this Article&nbsp;15 of the holders of Senior Debt in
respect of cash, property or securities of the Company received upon the
exercise of any such remedy.</P>
<P>Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this
Article&nbsp;15, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.1, and
the Holders of the Securities shall be entitled to rely upon any order or decree
made by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such bankruptcy,
dissolution, winding-up, liquidation or reorganization proceedings are pending,
or a certificate of the receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee,
agent or other person making such payment or distribution, delivered to the
Trustee or to the Holders of the Securities, for the purpose of ascertaining the
persons entitled to participate in such distribution, the holders of the Senior
Debt and other indebtedness of the Company, the amount thereof or payable
thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article&nbsp;15.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.4 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896676">Authorization to Effect Subordination</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>Each Holder of a Security by the holder's acceptance thereof authorizes and
directs the Trustee on the holder's behalf to take such action as may be
necessary or appropriate to effectuate the subordination as provided in this
Article&nbsp;15 and appoints the Trustee to act as the holder's attorney-in-fact
for any and all such purposes.  If the Trustee does not file a proper proof of
claim or proof of debt in the form required in any proceeding referred to in
Section&nbsp;5.4 hereof at least 30 days before the expiration of the time to
file such claim, the holders of any Senior Debt or their representatives are
hereby authorized to file an appropriate claim for and on behalf of the Holders
of the Securities.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.5 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896677">Notice to Trustee</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Company shall give prompt written notice in the form of an Officers'
Certificate to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee and to any Paying Agent of
any fact known to the Company which would prohibit the making of any payment of
monies to or by the Trustee or any Paying Agent in respect of the Securities
pursuant to the provisions of this Article&nbsp;15.  Notwithstanding the
provisions of this Article&nbsp;15 or any other provision of this Indenture, the
Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge of the existence of any facts which
would prohibit the making of any payment of monies to or by the Trustee in
respect of the Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Article&nbsp;15,
unless and until a Responsible Officer of the Trustee shall have received
written notice thereof at the Corporate Trust Office from the Company (in the
form of an Officers' Certificate) or a Representative or a holder or holders of
Senior Debt or from any trustee therefor; and before the receipt of any such
written notice, the Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.1,
shall be entitled in all respects to assume that no such facts exist;
<U>provided</U> that if on a date not fewer than two Business Days prior to the
date upon which by the terms hereof any such monies may become payable for any
purpose (including, without limitation, the payment of the principal of, or
premium, if any, or interest on any Security) the Trustee shall not have
received, with respect to such monies, the notice provided for in this
Section&nbsp;15.5, then, anything herein contained to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Trustee shall have full power and authority to receive such
monies and to apply the same to the purpose for which they were received, and
shall not be affected by any notice to the contrary which may be received by it
on or after such prior date.</P>
<P>Notwithstanding anything in this Article&nbsp;15 to the contrary, nothing
shall prevent&nbsp;any payment by the Trustee to the Holders of monies deposited
with it pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.1, and any such payment shall not be subject
to the provisions of Section&nbsp;15.1 or 15.2.</P>
<P>The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.1, shall be entitled
to rely on the delivery to it of a written notice by a Representative or a
person representing himself to be a holder of Senior Debt (or a trustee on
behalf of such holder) to establish that such notice has been given by a
Representative or a holder of Senior Debt or a trustee on behalf of any such
holder or holders.  The Trustee shall not be required to make any payment or
distribution to or on behalf of a holder of Senior Debt pursuant to this
Article&nbsp;15 unless it has received satisfactory evidence as to the amount of
Senior Debt held by such person, the extent to which such person is entitled to
participate in such payment or distribution and any other facts pertinent to the
rights of such person under this Article&nbsp;15.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.6 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896678">Trustee's Relation to Senior Debt</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The Trustee in its individual capacity shall be entitled to all the rights
set forth in this Article&nbsp;15 in respect of any Senior Debt at any time held
by it, to the same extent as any other holder of Senior Debt, and nothing in
this Indenture shall deprive the Trustee of any of its rights as such
holder.</P>
<P>With respect to the holders of Senior Debt, the Trustee undertakes to perform
or to observe only such of its covenants and obligations as are specifically set
forth in this Article&nbsp;15, and no implied covenants or obligations with
respect to the holders of Senior Debt shall be read into this Indenture against
the Trustee.  The Trustee shall not be deemed to owe any fiduciary duty to the
holders of Senior Debt and, subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.1, the
Trustee shall not be liable to any holder of Senior Debt (i) for any failure to
make any payments or distributions to such holders or (ii) if it shall pay over
or deliver to Holders of Securities, the Company or any other Person money or
assets to which any holder of Senior Debt shall be entitled by virtue of this
Article&nbsp;15 or otherwise.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.7 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896679">No Impairment of Subordination</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>No right of any present or future holder of any Senior Debt to enforce
subordination as herein provided shall at any time in any way be prejudiced or
impaired by any act or failure to act on the part of the Company or by any act
or failure to act, in good faith, by any such holder, or by any noncompliance by
the Company, the Trustee or any Holder of Securities with the terms, provisions
and covenants of this Indenture, regardless of any knowledge thereof which any
such holder may have or otherwise be charged with.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.8 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896680">Certain Conversions/Exchanges Deemed
Payment</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>For the purposes of this Article&nbsp;15 only, (1)&nbsp;the issuance and
delivery of junior securities upon conversion or exchange of Securities in
accordance with Article&nbsp;14 or otherwise (except upon conversion of the
Securities in accordance with their terms) shall not be deemed to constitute a
payment or distribution on account of the principal of (or premium, if any) or
interest on Securities or on account of the purchase or other acquisition of
Securities, and (2)&nbsp;the payment, issuance or delivery of cash (except in
satisfaction of fractional shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;14.3), property or
securities (other than junior securities) upon conversion or exchange of a
Security shall be deemed to constitute payment on account of the principal of
such Security.  For the purposes of this Section&nbsp;15.8, the term
&quot;junior securities&quot; means (a)&nbsp;shares of any stock of any class of
the Company, or (b)&nbsp;securities of the Company which are subordinated in
right of payment to all Senior Debt which may be outstanding at the time of
issuance or delivery of such securities to substantially the same extent as, or
to a greater extent than, the Securities are so subordinated as provided in this
Article.  Nothing contained in this Article&nbsp;15 or elsewhere in this
Indenture or in the Securities is intended to or shall impair, as among the
Company, its creditors other than holders of Senior Debt and the Holders of
Securities, the right, which is absolute and unconditional, of the Holder of any
Security to convert such Security in accordance with Article&nbsp;14.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.9 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896681">Article Applicable to Paying Agents</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>If at any time any Paying Agent other than the Trustee shall have been
appointed by the Company and be then acting hereunder, the term
&quot;Trustee&quot; as used in this Article&nbsp;shall (unless the context
otherwise requires) be construed as extending to and including such Paying Agent
within its meaning as fully for all intents and purposes as if such Paying Agent
were named in this Article&nbsp;in addition to or in place of the Trustee;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the first paragraph of Section&nbsp;15.5
shall not apply to the Company or any Affiliate of the Company if the Company or
such Affiliate acts as Paying Agent.</P>
<P>The Trustee shall not be responsible for the actions or inactions of any
other Paying Agents (including the Company if acting as its own Paying Agent)
and shall have no control of any funds held by such other Paying Agents.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.10 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896682">Senior Debt Entitled to Rely</A>
</B>.&nbsp; </P>
<P>The holders of Senior Debt (including, without limitation, Designated Senior
Debt) shall have the right to rely upon this Article&nbsp;15, and no amendment
or modification of the provisions contained herein shall diminish the rights of
such holders unless such holders shall have agreed in writing thereto.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.11 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896683">Reliance on Judicial Order or Certificate of
Liquidating Agent</A>
</B>.&nbsp;</P>
<P>Upon any payment or distribution of assets of the Company referred to in this
Article, the Trustee and the Holders shall be entitled to rely upon any order or
decree entered by any court of competent jurisdiction in which such dissolution,
winding up, liquidation, reorganization, assignment for the benefit of creditors
or marshalling of assets and liabilities of the Company or bankruptcy,
insolvency, receivership or other like proceeding is pending, or a certificate
of the trustee in bankruptcy, liquidating trustee, custodian, receiver, assignee
for the benefit of creditors, agent or other person making such payment or
distribution, delivered to the Trustee or to the Holders, for the purpose of
ascertaining the persons entitled to participate in such payment or
distribution, the holders of Senior Debt and other indebtedness of the Company,
the amount thereof or payable thereon, the amount or amounts paid or distributed
thereon and all other facts pertinent thereto or to this Article.</P>

<B><P> Section 15.12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<A NAME="_Toc62896684">Trust Monies Not Subordinated.</A>
</B><P>Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, payments from
money, U.S. Government Obligations and/or Foreign Government Obligations held in
trust under Article&nbsp;4 or Article&nbsp;13 by the Trustee for the payment of
the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the Securities shall not be
subordinated to the prior payment in full of any Senior Debt of the Company or
subject to the restrictions set forth in this Article&nbsp;15, and none of the
Holders shall be obligated to pay over any such amount to the Company or any
holder of Senior Debt of the Company or any other creditor of the Company.</P>
</DIR>

<P ALIGN="CENTER">[The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank.]</P>

<P>IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly
executed as of the day and year first above written.</P><DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>
<DIR>

<P>8X8, INC.</P>
<P>By:_____________________<BR>
       Title:__________________</P>

<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>________________,<BR>
   as Trustee</P>
<P>By:_____________________<BR>
       Title:  <U>&#9;</P></DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</DIR>
</U>

</BODY>
</HTML>

</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-12.1
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>exh12-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EARNINGS
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Ratio of earnings to Fixed Charges</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<B><p align="RIGHT">
                                                                   EXHIBIT 12.1</P></B>


<Table border=0>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE=+1><B>
Statement Regarding the Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges</B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=9 ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
YEAR ENDED MARCH 31,</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom">
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;(amounts in thousands)</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
1999</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
2000</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
2001</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
2002</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
2003</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
Nine months<BR> ended<BR> December 31, 2003</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
PRE-TAX LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (19,224)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (28,848)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (74,399)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $    (9,105)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (11,403)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $          (1,507)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
=============</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
FIXED CHARGES:</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
Interest Expense</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           391 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
        1,456 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           884 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                       - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
Rental Expense (33%)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           259 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           387 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           466 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           515 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           510 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
152 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
TOTAL FIXED CHARGES</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           259 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           778 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
        1,922 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
        1,399 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
           510 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                  152 </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
=============</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
EARNINGS:</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
Pre-tax loss from continuing operations plus fixed charges</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (18,965)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (28,070)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (72,477)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $    (7,706)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $  (10,893)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_($* #,##0_)[semicolon]_($* (#,##0)[semicolon]_($* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
 $          (1,355)</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
=============</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
RATIO OF EARNING TO FIXED CHARGES</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:_(* #,##0.0_)[semicolon]_(* (#,##0.0)[semicolon]_(* [dquote]-[dquote]_)[semicolon]_(@_)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
                       - </FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
==========</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" STYLE="vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0_)[semicolon](#,##0)"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
=============</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>

<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="right"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman">
&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</Table>



<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Due to losses incurred for the nine months ended December 31, 2003 and years ended March 31, 2003, 2002, 2001,
2001 and 1999 we would have had to generate additional earnings of $1.5 million, $11.4 million, $9.1 million, $74.4 million,
$28.8 million and $19.2 million, respectively, to achieve a coverage of 1:1.

</BODY>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>exh23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<TITLE>04012004 S3 Exhibit 23.1</TITLE>
</head>
<body bgcolor=white>
<font FACE="Times New Roman" SIZE="3">


<B><P ALIGN="RIGHT">Exhibit 23.1</P></B>

<B><P ALIGN="CENTER">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS </P>
</B>
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on
Form S-3 of our report dated May 2, 2003, except as to the Liquidity paragraph in Note 1
and Note 12, for which the date is March 26, 2004, relating to the consolidated financial
statements and financial statement schedule, which appears in 8x8, Inc.'s Current Report
on Form 8-K dated March 31, 2004. We also consent to the reference to us under the
heading "Experts" in such Registration Statement.


<P>/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP</P>

<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>San Jose, California<BR>
March 30, 2004</P>

<br>
<br>
<HR align=center SIZE=2 width="85%">
<br>
<br>
</BODY>
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end

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</SUBMISSION>
