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BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Note 2 | 9 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2014
Notes to Financial Statements |
BASIS OF PRESENTATION - Note 2 | 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared on substantially the same basis as our annual consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014. In the opinion of the Company's management, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair statement of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The March 31, 2014 year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data in this document was derived from audited consolidated financial statements and does not include all of the disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014 and notes thereto included in the Company's fiscal 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods included in these condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or the entire fiscal year. Service and Product Revenue The Company recognizes service revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company defers recognition of service revenues in instances when cash receipts are received before services are delivered and recognizes deferred revenues ratably as services are provided. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales for which there are no related services to be rendered upon shipment to customers provided that persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed, title has transferred, collection of resulting receivables is reasonably assured, there are no customer acceptance requirements, and there are no remaining significant obligations. Gross outbound shipping and handling charges are recorded as revenue, and the related costs are included in cost of goods sold. Reserves for returns and allowances for customer sales are recorded at the time of shipment. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 985-605, Software - Revenue Recognition, the Company records shipments to distributors, retailers, and resellers, where the right of return exists, as deferred revenue. The Company defers recognition of revenue on sales to distributors, retailers, and resellers until products are resold to the customer. The Company records revenue net of any sales-related taxes that are billed to its customers. The Company believes this approach results in consolidated financial statements that are more easily understood by users. Under the terms of the Company's typical subscription agreement, new customers can terminate their service within 30 days of order placement and receive a full refund of fees previously paid. The Company has determined that it has sufficient history of subscriber conduct to make a reasonable estimate of cancellations within the 30-day trial period. Therefore, the Company recognizes new subscriber revenue in the month in which the new order was shipped, net of an allowance for expected cancellations. Multiple Element Arrangements ASC 605-25, Multiple Element Arrangements - Revenue Recognition, requires that revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables be divided into separate units of accounting if the deliverables in the arrangement meet specific criteria. The provisioning of the 8x8 cloud service with the accompanying 8x8 IP telephone constitutes a revenue arrangement with multiple deliverables. For arrangements with multiple deliverables, the Company allocates the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, the accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the relative selling price to be used for allocating arrangement consideration to units of accounting as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value ("VSOE"), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price ("TPE"), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price ("BESP"). VSOE generally exists only when the Company sells the deliverable separately, on more than a limited basis, at prices within a relatively narrow range. When VSOE cannot be established, the Company attempts to establish the selling price of deliverables based on relevant TPE. TPE is determined based on manufacturers’ prices for similar deliverables when sold separately, when possible. When the Company is unable to establish selling price using VSOE or TPE, it uses a BESP for the allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which the Company would transact a sale if the product or service was sold on a stand-alone basis. BESP is generally used for offerings that are not typically sold on a stand-alone basis or for new or highly customized offerings. The Company determines BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to: the price list established by its management which is typically based on general pricing practices and targeted gross margin of products and services sold; and analysis of pricing history of new arrangements, including multiple element and stand-alone transactions. In accordance with the guidance of ASC 605-25, when the Company enters into revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables the Company allocates arrangement consideration, including activation fees, among the 8x8 IP telephones and subscriber services based on their relative selling prices. Arrangement consideration allocated to the IP telephones that is fixed or determinable and that is not contingent on future performance or deliverables is recognized as product revenues during the period of the sale less the allowance for estimated returns during the 30-day trial period. Arrangement consideration allocated to subscriber services telephones that is fixed or determinable and that is not contingent on future performance or deliverables is recognized ratably as service revenues as the related services are provided, which is generally over the initial contract term. Deferred Cost of Goods Sold Deferred cost of goods sold represents the cost of products sold for which the end customer or distributor has a right of return. The cost of the products sold is recognized contemporaneously with the recognition of revenue, when the subscriber has accepted the service. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Management determines the appropriate categorization of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates the classification at each reporting date. The cost of the Company's investments is determined based upon specific identification. The Company's investments are comprised of mutual funds, commercial paper, corporate debt, municipal securities, asset backed securities, mortgage backed securities, international government securities, certificates of deposit and money market funds. At December 31, 2014 and March 31, 2014, all investments were classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, based either upon quoted prices in active markets, quoted prices in less active markets, or quoted market prices for similar investments, with unrealized gains and losses, net of related tax, if any, included in other comprehensive loss and disclosed as a separate component of consolidated stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses on sales of all such investments are reported within the caption of "other income, net" in the consolidated statements of income and are computed using the specific identification method. The Company classifies its investments as current based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations. The Company's investments in marketable securities are monitored on a periodic basis for impairment. In the event that the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis for the investment is established. These available-for-sale investments are primarily held in the custody of a major financial institution. Available-for-sale investments were (in thousands):
|  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |
|  |  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Estimated
As of December 31, 2014 |  |  | Costs |  |  | Gain |  |  | Loss |  |  | Fair Value
Money market funds |  | $ | 16,821 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 16,821
Fixed income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | - |  |  | (129) |  |  | 1,871
Commercial paper |  |  | 22,948 |  |  | 4 |  |  | - |  |  | 22,952
Corporate debt |  |  | 71,890 |  |  | 47 |  |  | (22) |  |  | 71,915
Municipal securities |  |  | 5,435 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 5,431
Asset backed securities |  |  | 23,598 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 23,594
Mortgage backed securities |  |  | 6,583 |  |  | - |  |  | (56) |  |  | 6,527
International government securities |  |  | 800 |  |  | 2 |  |  | - |  |  | 802
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 2,200 |  |  | - |  |  | (1) |  |  | 2,199
Total available-for-sale investments |  | $ | 152,275 |  | $ | 58 |  | $ | (221) |  | $ | 152,112
Reported as (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 16,821
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 135,291
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 152,112
Contractual maturities of mutual funds, commercial paper, corporate debt, municipal securities, asset backed securities, mortgage backed securities, international government securities, certificates of deposit and money market funds as of December 31, 2014 are set forth below (in thousands):
Due within one year |  | $ | 120,291
Due after one year |  |  | 31,821
Total |  | $ | 152,112
|  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |
|  |  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Estimated
As of March 31, 2014 |  |  | Costs |  |  | Gain |  |  | Loss |  |  | Fair Value
Money market funds |  | $ | 32,611 |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 32,611
Fixed income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  |  | 1,964 |  |  | - |  |  | (55) |  |  | 1,909
Commercial paper |  |  | 30,374 |  |  | 5 |  |  | - |  |  | 30,379
Corporate debt |  |  | 63,621 |  |  | 35 |  |  | (39) |  |  | 63,617
Municipal securities |  |  | 5,435 |  |  | 5 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 5,439
Asset backed securities |  |  | 17,049 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 17,054
International government securities |  |  | 800 |  |  | 4 |  |  | - |  |  | 804
Total available-for-sale investments |  | $ | 151,854 |  | $ | 55 |  | $ | (96) |  | $ | 151,813
Reported as (in thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,611
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47,181
Long-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 72,021
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 151,813
Contractual maturities of mutual funds, commercial paper, corporate debt, municipal securities, asset backed securities, international government securities and money market funds as of March 31, 2014 are set forth below (in thousands):
Due within one year |  | $ | 79,792
Due after one year |  |  | 72,021
Total |  | $ | 151,813
Intangible Assets Amortization expense for the customer relationship intangible asset is included in sales and marketing expenses. Amortization expense for technology is included in cost of service revenue. The carrying values of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2014 |  |  | March 31, 2014
|  | Gross |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Carrying |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Net Carrying |  |  | Carrying |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Net Carrying
|  | Amount |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Amount |  |  | Amount |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Amount
Technology | $ | 8,242 |  | $ | (2,699) |  | $ | 5,543 |  | $ | 8,242 |  | $ | (2,080) |  | $ | 6,162
Customer relationships |  | 9,686 |  |  | (3,154) |  |  | 6,532 |  |  | 9,686 |  |  | (1,710) |  |  | 7,976
Trade names/domains |  | 957 |  |  | - |  |  | 957 |  |  | 957 |  |  | - |  |  | 957
Total acquired identifiable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
intangible assets | $ | 18,885 |  | $ | (5,853) |  | $ | 13,032 |  | $ | 18,885 |  | $ | (3,790) |  | $ | 15,095
At December 31, 2014, annual amortization of intangible assets, based upon our existing intangible assets and current useful lives, is estimated to be the following (in thousands):
|  |  | Amount
Remaining 2015 |  | $ | 550
2016 |  |  | 2,198
2017 |  |  | 2,191
2018 |  |  | 1,943
2019 |  |  | 1,697
Thereafter |  |  | 3,496
Total |  | $ | 12,075
Research, Development and Software Costs The Company accounts for software to be sold or otherwise marketed in accordance with ASC 985-20 - Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed, which requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility. The Company defines establishment of technological feasibility as the completion of a working model. Software development costs for software to be sold or otherwise marketed incurred prior to the establishment of technological feasibility are included in research and development and are expensed as incurred. Software development costs incurred subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility through the period of general market availability of the product are capitalized, if material. In the first nine months of fiscal 2015, the Company expensed all research and development costs in accordance with ASC 985-20. At December 31, 2014 and March 31, 2014, total capitalized software development costs included in other long-term assets was approximately $1.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, and accumulated amortization costs related to capitalized software was approximately $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. In the first nine months of fiscal 2014, the Company capitalized $0.6 million in accordance with ASC 985-20. The Company accounts for computer software developed or obtained for internal use in accordance with ASC 350-40 - Internal Use Software, which requires capitalization of certain software development costs incurred during the application development stage. In the first nine months of fiscal 2015, the Company capitalized $1.1 million in accordance with ASC 350-40, of which $0.6 million is classified as property and equipment and $0.5 million is classified as long-term assets. No such costs were capitalized in the first nine months of fiscal 2014. Foreign Currency Translation The Company has determined that the functional currency of its UK foreign subsidiary is the subsidiary's local currency, the British Pound Sterling ("GBP"), which the Company believes most appropriately reflects the current economic facts and circumstances of the UK subsidiary's operations. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiary are translated at the applicable exchange rate as of the end of the balance sheet period and revenue and expenses are translated at an average rate over the period presented. Resulting currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss within the stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Stock Purchase Right/Restricted Stock Unit and Option Activity Stock purchase right activity for the nine months ended December 31, 2014 is summarized as follows:
|  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  | Weighted
|  |  |  |  | Average |  |  | Average
|  |  |  |  | Grant-Date |  |  | Remaining
|  | Number of |  |  | Fair Market |  |  | Contractual
|  | Shares |  |  | Value |  |  | Term (in Years)
Balance at March 31, 2014 |  | 489,627 |  | $ | 4.83 |  |  | 1.93
Granted |  | 31,432 |  |  | 7.88 |  |  |
Vested |  | (202,575) |  |  | 3.96 |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (69,864) |  |  | 5.36 |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | 248,620 |  | $ | 5.77 |  |  | 1.68
Restricted stock unit and performance stock unit activity for the nine months ended December 31, 2014 is summarized as follows:
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted
|  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  | Average
|  |  |  |  | Average |  |  | Remaining
|  | Number of |  |  | Purchase |  |  | Contractual
|  | Shares |  |  | Price |  |  | Term (in Years)
Balance at March 31, 2014 |  | 1,134,856 |  | $ | - |  |  | 2.00
Granted |  | 1,849,300 |  |  |  |  |  |
Vested |  | (166,758) |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (141,600) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | 2,675,798 |  | $ | - |  |  | 2.06
Stock option activity and shares available for grant for all equity incentive plans for the nine months ended December 31, 2014 is summarized as follows:
|  |  |  |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted
|  | Shares |  |  | Subject to |  |  | Average
|  | Available |  |  | Options |  |  | Exercise Price
|  | for Grant |  |  | Outstanding |  |  | Per Share
Balance at March 31, 2014 |  | 1,613,943 |  |  | 6,002,382 |  | $ | 4.14
Additional shares authorized for grant |  | 8,000,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted - options (1) |  | (1,295,906) |  |  | 992,764 |  |  | 7.09
Stock purchase rights/restricted stock unit (2) |  | (1,880,732) |  |  | - |  |  | -
Exercised |  | - |  |  | (1,041,982) |  |  | 1.60
Canceled/forfeited - options |  | 392,076 |  |  | (392,076) |  |  | 5.74
Canceled/forfeited - restricted stock unit |  | 142,910 |  |  | - |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | 6,972,291 |  |  | 5,561,088 |  | $ | 5.03
(1) | As reflected in the preceding table, for each share awarded as a stock option under the 2012 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan, an equivalent of 1.5 shares were deducted from the shares available for grant balance.
(2) | The reduction to shares available for grant includes awards granted of 1,880,732 shares.
The following table summarizes stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2014:
|  | Options Outstanding |  | Options Exercisable
|  |  |  |  | Weighted |  | Weighted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Average |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | Exercise |  | Remaining |  |  | Aggregate |  |  |  |  | Exercise |  |  | Aggregate
Range of |  |  |  |  | Price |  | Contractual |  |  | Intrinsic |  |  |  |  | Price |  |  | Intrinsic
Exercise Price |  | Shares |  |  | Per Share |  | Life (Years) |  |  | Value |  | Shares |  |  | Per Share |  |  | Value
$0.55 - $1.26 |  | 1,204,815 |  | $ | 1.10 |  | 2.83 |  | $ | 9,702,578 |  | 1,204,815 |  | $ | 1.10 |  | $ | 9,702,578
$1.27 - $2.58 |  | 1,118,397 |  | $ | 1.61 |  | 1.62 |  |  | 8,444,013 |  | 1,113,189 |  | $ | 1.61 |  |  | 8,407,885
$2.81 - $6.86 |  | 1,700,263 |  | $ | 6.03 |  | 8.05 |  |  | 5,326,085 |  | 658,248 |  | $ | 5.35 |  |  | 2,505,175
$7.52 - $9.74 |  | 1,387,613 |  | $ | 9.29 |  | 8.76 |  |  | 346,598 |  | 368,942 |  | $ | 9.63 |  |  | 1,866
$10.97 - $11.26 |  | 150,000 |  | $ | 11.11 |  | 9.02 |  |  | - |  | 21,875 |  | $ | 10.97 |  |  | -
|  | 5,561,088 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 23,819,274 |  | 3,367,069 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,617,504
Stock-based Compensation Expense The Company accounts for its employee stock options, stock purchase rights, restricted stock units including restricted performance stock units granted under the 1996 Stock Plan, 1996 Director Option Plan, the 2006 Stock Plan, the 2003 Contactual Plan, the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the 2013 New Employee Inducement Incentive Plan and stock purchase rights under the 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (collectively "Equity Compensation Plans") under the provisions of ASC 718 - Stock Compensation. Under the provisions of ASC 718, stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee's requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant), net of estimated forfeitures. To value option grants, stock purchase rights and restricted stock units under the Equity Compensation Plans for stock-based compensation, the Company used the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Fair value determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model varies based on assumptions used for the expected stock prices volatility, expected life, risk-free interest rates and future dividend payments. For the three and nine months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company used the historical volatility of its stock over a period equal to the expected life of the options. The expected life assumptions represent the weighted-average period stock-based awards are expecting to remain outstanding. These expected life assumptions were established through the review of historical exercise behavior of stock-based award grants with similar vesting periods. The risk-free interest rate is based on the closing market bid yields on actively traded U.S. treasury securities in the over-the-counter market for the expected term equal to the expected term of the option. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company's history and expectation of future dividend payout. Compensation expense for stock-based payment awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method and includes the impact of estimated forfeitures. The Company has issued restricted performance stock units to a group of executives with vesting that is contingent on both market performance and continued service. For the market-based restricted performance stock units issued during the nine months ended December 31, 2014: the number of shares of the Company's stock to be received at vesting if applicable service requirements are also met will range from 0% to 100% of the target amount based total shareholder return ("TSR"), which compares the performance of the price per share of the Company's common stock with the NASDAQ Composite Index ("Index") for the three performance periods ending March 31, 2016, March 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018, in the following manner: where in each such measurement period, (1) if the performance return on the price per share of the Company's common stock exceeds the performance return on the NASDAQ Composite Index, (which shall be determined by subtracting the percentage return on the NASDAQ Composite Index from the percentage return on the price per share of the Common Stock), then all of the TSR Performance Shares for such measurement period will be deemed earned and will vest; (2) if the performance return on the price per share of Common Stock is more than 50% lower than the performance return on the NASDAQ Composite Index, then none of the TSR Performance Shares for such measurement period will be deemed earned and will vest; and (3) if the performance return on the price per share of Common Stock is between 0% and 50% lower than the performance return on the NASDAQ Composite Index, then the number of TSR Performance Shares deemed earned and vesting for such measurement period will be reduced by 2% for each 1% by which the performance return on the NASDAQ Composite Index exceeds the performance return on the Common Stock, and the number of shares of the Company's stock to be received at vesting will range from 0% or 100% of the target amount based on four tranches, with each tranche vesting at the later of (a) the satisfaction of the applicable service-based vesting requirement for that tranche, and (b) on the first date that the average stock price of the Company's common stock for a consecutive 30 trading day period exceeds 150% of the grant date stock price. The minimum service vesting requirement for each tranche is as follows: Tranche 1: One year following the date of the grant Tranche 2: Two years following the date of the grant Tranche 3: Three years following the date of the grant Tranche 4: Four years following the date of the grant To value these market-based restricted performance stock units under the Equity Compensation Plans, the Company used a Monte Carlo simulation model on the date of grant. Fair value determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model varies based on the assumptions used for the expected stock price volatility, the correlation coefficient between the Company and the NASDAQ Composite Index, risk free interest rates, and future dividend payments. For the nine months ended December 31, 2014, the Company used the historical volatility and correlation of our stock and the Index over a period equal to the remaining performance period as of the grant date. The risk-free interest rate was based on the closing market bid yields on actively traded U.S. treasury securities in the over-the-counter market for the expected term equal to the remaining performance period as of the grant date. The dividend yield assumption was based on our history and expectation of future dividend payout. Compensation expense for restricted stock units with performance and market conditions is recognized over the requisite service period using the straight-line method on a tranche by tranche basis and includes the impact of estimated forfeitures. As of December 31, 2014, unamortized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock awards was approximately $24.7 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.93 years. The following table summarizes the assumptions used to compute reported stock-based compensation to employees and directors for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013:
|  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended
|  |  | December 31, |  |  | December 31,
|  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013
Expected volatility |  |  | 61% |  |  | 63% |  |  | 61% |  |  | 64%
Expected dividend yield |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | -
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.71% |  |  | 1.62% |  |  | 1.71% |  |  | 1.86%
Weighted average expected option term |  |  | 6.10 years |  |  | 5.59 years |  |  | 6.00 years |  |  | 6.00 years
Weighted average fair value of options granted |  | $ | 4.02 |  | $ | 5.64 |  | $ | 4.01 |  | $ | 5.64
In accordance with ASC 718 - Stock Compensation, the Company recorded $2.4 million and $2.1 million in compensation expense relative to stock-based awards for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, and $5.8 million and $4.8 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, eligible employees can participate and purchase common stock semi-annually through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of each one year offering period or the end of the applicable six month purchase period within that offering period, whichever is lower. The contribution amount may not exceed 10% of an employee's base compensation, including commissions but not including bonuses and overtime. The Company accounts for the ESPP as a compensatory plan and recorded compensation expense of $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, and $0.7 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, in accordance with ASC 718. The estimated fair value of ESPP options granted under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan was estimated at the date of grant using Black-Scholes pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
|  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended
|  |  | December 31, |  |  | December 31,
|  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013
Expected volatility |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 46% |  |  | 38%
Expected dividend yield |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | -
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 0.90% |  |  | 0.11%
Weighted average expected ESPP option term |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | 0.75 years |  |  | 0.75 years
Weighted average fair value of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ESPP options granted |  | $ | - |  | $ | - |  | $ | 2.46 |  | $ | 2.60
As of December 31, 2014, there were approximately $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to employee stock purchases. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.5 years. ASC 718 requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation costs to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow. The future realization of tax benefits related to stock-based compensation is dependent upon the timing of employee exercises and future taxable income, among other factors. The Company did not realize any tax benefit from the stock-based compensation charges incurred during the three and nine months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following table summarizes the classification of stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock awards and employee stock purchases under ASC 718 among the Company's operating functions for the three and nine months ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 which was recorded as follows (in thousands):
|  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended
|  |  | December 31, |  |  | December 31,
|  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2014 |  |  | 2013
Cost of service revenue |  | $ | 201 |  | $ | 101 |  | $ | 476 |  | $ | 237
Cost of product revenue |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | -
Research and development |  |  | 420 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 1,049 |  |  | 634
Sales and marketing |  |  | 966 |  |  | 660 |  |  | 2,620 |  |  | 1,400
General and administrative |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 2,132 |  |  | 2,344 |  |  | 2,974
Total stock-based compensation expense related to employee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
stock awards and employee stock purchases, pre-tax |  |  | 2,634 |  |  | 3,232 |  |  | 6,489 |  |  | 5,245
Tax benefit |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | - |  |  | -
Stock-based compensation expense related to employee |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
stock awards and employee stock purchases, net of tax |  | $ | 2,634 |  | $ | 3,232 |  | $ | 6,489 |  | $ | 5,245
Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and the IASB has issued IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The issuance of these documents completes the joint effort by the FASB and the IASB to improve financial reporting by creating common revenue recognition guidance for U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The new guidance affects any entity that either enters into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enters into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets unless those contracts are within the scope of other standards. This ASU will supersede the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, and most industry-specific guidance. For public entities, the amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early application is not permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this pronouncement to its consolidated financial statements. In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period. This ASU requires that a performance target that affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. A reporting entity should apply existing guidance in ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, as it relates to such awards. ASU 2014-12 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2017 with early adoption permitted using either of two methods: (i) prospective to all awards granted or modified after the effective date; or (ii) retrospective to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter, with the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-12 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this pronouncement to its consolidated financial statements. In November 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-17, Pushdown Accounting. This ASU provides companies with the option to apply pushdown accounting in its separate financial statements upon occurrence of an event in which an acquirer obtains control of the acquired entity. The election to apply pushdown accounting can be made either in the period in which the change of control occurred, or in a subsequent period. If the election is made in a subsequent period, it would be considered a change in accounting principle and treated in accordance with Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. This ASU is effective as of November 18, 2014. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

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