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Note 19 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

(19) Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements


Generally accepted accounting standards in the U.S. require disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized on the face of the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The assumptions used in the estimation of the fair value of Colony Bankcorp, Inc. and Subsidiary’s financial instruments are detailed hereafter. Where quoted prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using discounted cash flows and other valuation techniques. The use of discounted cash flows can be significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. The following disclosures should not be considered a surrogate of the liquidation value of the Company, but rather a good-faith estimate of the increase or decrease in value of financial instruments held by the Company since purchase, origination or issuance.


Cash and Short-Term Investments - For cash, due from banks, bank-owned deposits and federal funds sold, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value and is classified Level 1.


Investment Securities - Fair values for investment securities are based on quoted market prices where available and classified as Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments and classified as Level 2. If a comparable is not available, the investment securities are classified as Level 3.


Federal Home Loan Bank Stock - The fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates carrying value and is classified as Level 1.


Loans - The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings. For variable rate loans, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value. Most loans are classified as Level 2, but impaired loans with a related allowance are classified as Level 3.


Bank-Owned Life Insurance - The carrying value of bank-owned life insurance policies approximates fair value and is classified as Level 1.


Deposit Liabilities - The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date and is classified as Level 1. The fair value of fixed maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities and is classified as Level 2.


Subordinated Debentures – The fair value of subordinated debentures is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the current rates at which similar advances would be obtained. Subordinated debentures are classified as Level 2.


Other Borrowed Money - The fair value of other borrowed money is calculated by discounting contractual cash flows using an estimated interest rate based on current rates available to the Company for debt of similar remaining maturities and collateral terms. Other borrowed money is classified as Level 2 due to their expected maturities.


The carrying amount and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments as of December 31 are as follows:


   

Carrying

    

Estimated

    

Level

  
2015  

Amount

    

Fair Value

     1     2     3  
   

(in Thousands)

  

Assets

                                        

Cash and Short-Term Investments

   $ 60,872     $ 60,872     $ 60,872     $ -     $ -  

Investment Securities Available for Sale

     296,149       296,149       -       295,219       930  

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

     2,731       2,731       2,731       -       -  

Loans, Net

     749,675       750,412       -       741,867       8,545  

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

     14,830       14,830       14,830       -       -  
                                         

Liabilities

                                        

Deposits

     1,011,554       1,013,111       611,822       401,289       -  

Subordinated Debentures

     24,229       24,229       -       24,229       -  

Other Borrowed Money

     40,000       40,421       -       40,421       -  
                                         

2014

                                        
                                         

Assets

                                        

Cash and Short-Term Investments

   $ 65,811     $ 65,811     $ 65,811     $ -     $ -  

Investment Securities Available for Sale

     274,595       274,595       -       273,647       948  

Investment Securities Held to Maturity

     30       30       -       30       -  

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

     2,831       2,831       2,831       -       -  

Loans, Net

     736,930       738,948       -       731,170       7,778  

Bank-Owned Life Insurance

     14,531       14,531       14,531       -       -  
                                         

Liabilities

                                        

Deposits

     979,303       980,874       551,057       429,817       -  

Subordinated Debentures

     24,229       24,229       -       24,229       -  

Other Borrowed Money

     40,000       41,962       -       41,962       -  

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on many judgments. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.


Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include deferred income taxes and premises and equipment. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.


Fair Value Measurements


Generally accepted accounting principles related to Fair Value Measurements define fair value, establish a framework for measuring fair value, establish a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhance disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:


 

●

Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

 

●

Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

 

●

Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and represent the Company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy:


Assets


Securities - Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 inputs include securities that have quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flow. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include certain collateralized mortgage and debt obligations and certain high-yield debt securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. When measuring fair value, the valuation techniques available under the market approach, income approach and/or cost approach are used. The Company’s evaluations are based on market data and the Company employs combinations of these approaches for its valuation methods depending on the asset class.


Impaired Loans - Impaired loans are those loans which the Company has measured impairment generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. These assets are included as level 3 fair values, based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements.


Other Real Estate - Other real estate owned assets are adjusted to fair value less estimated selling costs upon transfer of the loans to other real estate owned. Typically, an external, third-party appraisal is performed on the collateral upon transfer into the other real estate owned account to determine the asset’s fair value. Subsequent adjustments to the collateral’s value may be based upon either updated third-party appraisals or management’s knowledge of the collateral and the current real estate market conditions.   Appraised amounts used in determining the asset’s fair value, whether internally or externally prepared, are discounted 10 percent to account for selling and marketing costs. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Because of the high degree of judgment required in estimating the fair value of other real estate owned assets and because of the relationship between fair value and general economic conditions, we consider the fair value of other real estate owned assets to be highly sensitive to changes in market conditions.


Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis - The following table presents the recorded amount of the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, aggregated by the level in the fair value hierarchy within which those measurements fall. The table below includes only impaired loans with a specific reserve and only other real estate properties with a valuation allowance at December 31, 2014. Those impaired loans and other real estate properties are shown net of the related specific reserves and valuation allowances.


           

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using

  

2015

  

Total Fair Value

    

Quoted Prices

in Active

Markets for

Identical Assets

(Level 1)

    

Significant Other Observable

Inputs

(Level 2)

    

Significant

Unobservable

Inputs

(Level 3)

  
                                 

Recurring

                                

Securities Available for Sale

                                

U.S. Government Agencies

                                

Mortgage-Backed

   $ 291,049,853     $ -     $ 291,049,853     $ -  

State, County and Municipal

     5,099,446       -       4,169,135       930,311  
                                 
    $ 296,149,299     $ -     $ 295,218,988     $ 930,311  

Nonrecurring

                                

Impaired Loans

   $ 8,544,993     $ -     $ -     $ 8,544,993  
                                 

Other Real Estate

   $ 2,535,884     $ -     $ -     $ 2,535,884  
                                 

2014

                                
                                 

Recurring

                                

Securities Available for Sale

                                

U.S. Government Agencies

                                

Mortgage-Backed

   $ 271,063,669     $ -     $ 271,063,669     $ -  

State, County and Municipal

     3,530,917       -       2,582,527       948,390  
                                 
    $ 274,594,586     $ -     $ 273,646,196     $ 948,390  

Nonrecurring

                                

Impaired Loans

   $ 7,778,279     $ -     $ -     $ 7,778,279  
                                 

Other Real Estate

   $ 6,128,365     $ -     $ -     $ 6,128,365  

Liabilities


The Company did not identify any liabilities that are required to be presented at fair value.


Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)


The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements for assets in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy measured on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2015 and 2014. These tables are comprised primarily of collateral dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned:


 

December 31, 2015

  

Valuation Techniques

  

Unobservable

Inputs

  

Range

(Weighted Avg)
               

Commercial

$ 28,390

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(31.77)% - 34.00%
              (1.12%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.00% - 10.00%
              (5.00%)
               
     

Income Approach

  

Capitalization Rate

  

11.00%
               

Real Estate

              

Commercial Construction

51,300

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(5.00)% - 99.00%
              (47.00%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.00% - 10.00%
              (5.00%)
               

Residential Real Estate

767,179

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(22.00)% - 10.80%
              (5.60)%
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.00% - 25.00%
              (12.50%)
               

Commercial Real Estate

7,347,541

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(31.77)% - 34.00%
              (1.12%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.00% - 10.00%
              (5.00%)
               
     

Income Approach

  

Capitalization Rate

  

10.25%
               

Farmland

350,583

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(27.00)% - 15.00%
              (6.00)%
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

10.00% - 75.00%
              (42.50%)
               

Other Real Estate Owned

2,535,884

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(50.80)% - 142.90%
              (46.05%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

15.53% - 72.75%
              (43.37%)
               
     

Income Approach

  

Discount Rate

  

12.50%

 

December 31, 2014

  

Valuation Techniques

  

Unobservable

Inputs

  

Range

(Weighted Avg)
               

Impaired Loans

              

Commercial Construction

$ 82,422

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(22.00)% - 38.10%
              (8.05%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.00% - 10.00%
              (5.00%)
               

Residential Real Estate

1,650,474

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(2.30)% - 191.70%
              (94.70%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.00% - 10.00%
              (5.00%)
               
     

Income Approach

  

Capitalization Rate

  

13.75%
               

Commercial Real Estate

5,678,297

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

0.00% - 0.00%
              (0.00%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.00% - 90.00%
              (45.00%)
               
     

Income Approach

  

Capitalization Rate

  

11.00%
               

Farmland

367,086

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(8.30)% - 252.50%
              (122.10%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

10.00% - 50.00%
              (30.00%)
               

Other Real Estate Owned

6,128,365

  

Sales Comparison

  

Adjustment for Differences Between the Comparable Sales

  

(40.00)% - 45.00%
              (2.50%)
               
         

Management Adjustments for Age of Appraisals and/or Current Market Conditions

  

0.33% - 69.36%
              (31.88%)
               
     

Income Approach

  

Discount Rate

  

9.00%
               
         

Capitalization Rate

  

10.00%

The following table presents a reconciliation and statement of income classification of gains and losses for all assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (level 3) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:


   

Available for Sale Securities

  
   

2015

    

2014

    

2013

  
                         

Balance, Beginning

   $ 948,390     $ 941,265     $ 1,138,238  
                         

Transfers into Level 3

     -       -       -  

Transfers out of Level 3

     -       -       (41,908 )

Securities Purchased During the Year

     -       -       -  

Securities Called During the Year

     -       -       -  

Loss on OTTI Impairment Included in Noninterest Income

     -       -       (366,623 )

 

                        

Unrealized Gains(Losses) Included in Other Comprehensive Income

     (18,079 )     7,125       211,558  
                         

Balance, Ending

   $ 930,311     $ 948,390     $ 941,265  

The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out of levels 1, 2 and 3 as of the end of a reporting period. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company had transfers out of level 3 and into level 2. The transfers out of level 3 were the result of increased market activity for these types of securities, as well as more current credit ratings on these securities. There were no transfers of securities between level 1 and level 2 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013.


The following table presents quantitative information about recurring level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:


December 31, 2015

  

Fair Value

  

Valuation Techniques

  

Unobservable Inputs

  

Range

(Weighted Avg)

  
                       

State, County and Municipal

   $ 930,311  

Discounted Cash Flow

  

Discount Rate

or Yield

     N/A*  
                       

December 31, 2014

                      
                       

State, County and Municipal

   $ 948,390  

Discounted Cash Flow

  

Discount Rate

or Yield

    N/A*  

* The Company relies on a third-party pricing service to value its municipal securities. The details of the unobservable inputs and other adjustments used by the third-party pricing service were not readily available to the Company.