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Income Taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

Note 15.  Income Taxes

The (benefit) provision for income tax expense consisted of the following:

Year Ended December 31,

(In thousands)

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

Current income taxes, Federal

$

5,045

$

1,838

$

(1,274)

Current income taxes, State

1,440

637

214

6,485

2,475

(1,060)

Deferred income taxes, Federal

 

(19,046)

 

(32)

 

7,874

Deferred income taxes, State

(332)

2,356

(19,378)

(32)

10,230

Unrecognized tax benefit, Federal

 

148

 

(50)

 

348

Unrecognized tax benefit, State

148

(50)

348

Total (benefit) provision for income taxes

$

(12,745)

$

2,393

$

9,518

The components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

At December 31,

(In thousands)

    

2023

    

2022

Deferred tax assets:

Operating lease liability

$

5,394

$

5,945

Net operating loss carryforwards

50

179

Accounts receivable and inventory reserves

7,065

6,013

Stock-based compensation

5,144

4,886

Accrued liabilities

 

2,056

 

1,914

Warranty reserves

1,025

1,071

Intangible assets

1,645

2,947

Business credits

630

536

R&D expenses

2,189

1,103

Other

 

309

 

183

Total deferred tax assets

25,507

24,777

Deferred tax liabilities:

Right-of-use asset

 

(4,799)

 

(5,425)

Fixed assets

(975)

(1,080)

Prepaid expenses

(232)

(251)

Other

(123)

(186)

Total deferred tax liabilities

(6,129)

(6,942)

Valuation allowance

(17,835)

Net deferred tax assets

$

19,378

$

A reconciliation of income tax (benefit) expense to the statutory federal tax rate is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

    

2023

2022

2021

Tax expense at statutory rate

 

21.0

%  

21.0

%  

21.0

%

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

5.2

4.1

(1.1)

Executive compensation

0.9

(14.2)

Meals and entertainment

2.1

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

0.9

(1.0)

(7.5)

Federal business credits

(1.5)

1.6

10.9

Valuation allowance

(113.3)

(37.4)

(525.0)

Return to provision

0.5

(0.2)

(6.5)

Research and development credits

60.2

Deferred reprice - state

 

0.2

 

0.9

 

3.3

Unrecognized tax benefits

0.3

(0.3)

(2.2)

Excess benefit on non-qualified stock options and RSUs

2.3

(3.7)

47.2

Interest and penalties

0.1

(0.7)

162(m) write down

1.6

Other

 

(1.1)

 

(0.5)

 

(0.5)

Net effective rate

 

(80.8)

%  

(15.5)

%  

(415.1)

%

A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits (“UTB”) is as follows:

December 31,

(In thousands)

    

2023

    

2022

    

2021

Balance beginning of the year

$

612

$

522

$

Gross change — tax positions in prior year

90

90

522

Balance end of the year

$

702

$

612

$

522

Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the reporting of amounts for financial statement purposes and income tax purposes. These differences relate primarily to different methods used for income tax purposes including depreciation and amortization, warranty and vacation accruals, and deductions related to allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, and inventory reserves.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had approximately $50 thousand of state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards. A portion of the state NOL carry forward amounts have begun to expire in the current year. The state NOL carryforward amounts expire beginning in tax years 2027 if not utilized.

The Company is subject to income tax examinations in the U.S. federal jurisdiction as well as in various state jurisdictions. U.S. federal and state tax years prior to 2019 are closed to examination. In the event of any future tax assessments, we have elected to record the income taxes and any related interest and penalties as income tax expense on our Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company is not under exam in any jurisdictions.

We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority.

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2023, in part because in the current year we achieved three years of cumulative pretax income in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, management determined that there was sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that additional deferred taxes of $19.4 million are realizable. We therefore reduced the valuation allowance related to the future realization of deferred tax assets accordingly.