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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

Note 12. Income Taxes

We record our interim provision for income taxes by applying our estimated annual effective tax rate to our year-to-date pre-tax income and adjusting for discrete tax items recorded in the period. Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the reporting of amounts for financial statement purposes and income tax purposes. These differences relate primarily to different methods used for income tax reporting purposes, including for depreciation and amortization, warranty and vacation accruals, and deductions related to allowances for doubtful accounts receivable and inventory reserves. Our provision for income taxes included current federal and state income tax expense, as well as deferred federal and state income tax expense.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was an expense of 28.2%, compared to an expense of 28.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The primary driver of the change in the Company’s effective tax rate is attributable to the relative impact of stock based-compensation discrete tax items. We recorded an income tax expense of $3.2 million and an expense of $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was an expense of 28.9%, compared to an expense of 31.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The primary drivers of the change in the Company’s effective tax rate were attributable to a lower discrete expense in the current year period as compared to true-ups recognized in the prior year period and rate changes in the current year period compared to prior year period. We recorded an income tax expense of $3.4 million and an expense of $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority is more-likely-than-not to sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority.

The Company currently is not under examination in any jurisdictions.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted. Key income tax-related provisions of the OBBBA include the repeal of mandatory capitalization of research and development

expenditures under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 174 (reinstating full expensing beginning in 2025), extension of bonus depreciation, and revisions to international tax regimes. We have evaluated the financial implications of the OBBBA and have reflected its effects in the three months ended September 30, 2025. The OBBBA is expected to have no impact on our effective tax rate and a favorable impact on the timing of cash taxes. We currently expect our full-year 2025 cash tax benefit will be approximately $4.5 million.