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Note 12 - Stock-based Compensation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]

NOTE 12 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock Options and Restricted Stock

On May 17, 2018, the shareholders of FS Bancorp approved the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) that authorized 1.3 million shares of the Company’s common stock to be awarded. The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, and up to 326,000 shares as restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) to directors, emeritus directors, officers, employees or advisory directors of the Company. At June 30, 2024, there were 265,532 stock option awards and 80,622 RSAs available for future grants under the 2018 Plan.

Total share-based compensation expense was $389,000 and $784,000 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $364,000 and $1.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Stock Options

The 2018 Plan consists of stock option awards that may be granted as incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options. Stock option awards generally vest over a one-year period for independent directors or over a five-year period for employees and officers with 20% vesting on the anniversary date of each grant date as long as the award recipient remains in service to the Company. The options are exercisable after vesting for up to the remaining term of the original grant. The maximum term of the options granted is 10 years. Any unexercised stock options will expire 10 years after the grant date or sooner in the event of the award recipient’s termination of service with the Company or the Bank. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the grant date using a Black-Scholes Option pricing model that uses the following assumptions. The dividend yield is based on the current quarterly dividend in effect at the time of the grant. Historical employment data is used to estimate the forfeiture rate. The historical volatility of the Company's stock price over a specified period of time is used for the expected volatility. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the comparable U.S. Treasury rate for the discount rate associated with the stock in effect on the date of the grant. The Company elected to use Staff Accounting Bulletin 107, simplified expected term calculation for the “Share-Based Payments” method permitted by the SEC to calculate the expected term. This method uses the vesting term of an option along with the contractual term, setting the expected life at 5.5 years for one-year vesting and 6.5 years for five-year vesting.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s stock option awards during the dates indicated (shown as actual):

										Weighted-Average
						Weighted-				Remaining
						Average				Contractual Term In				Aggregate
		Shares				Exercise Price				Years				Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 2024			662,279			$	28.12				6.69			$	5,852,975
Granted			—			$	—				—				—
Less exercised			18,612			$	8.45				—			$	531,699
Less forfeited			12,000				30.73				—				—
Outstanding at June 30, 2024			631,667			$	28.65				6.32			$	4,925,343

Expected to vest, assuming a 0.31% annual forfeiture rate at June 30, 2024 ⁽¹⁾			624,770			$	28.65				6.24			$	4,872,165

Exercisable at June 30, 2024			364,850			$	27.88				5.28			$	3,125,310

(1)

Forfeiture rate has been calculated and estimated to assume a forfeiture of 3.1% of the options over 10 years.

At June 30, 2024, there was $1.3 million of total unrecognized forfeiture adjusted compensation cost related to nonvested stock options granted under the 2018 Plan. The cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 3.0 years.

Restricted Stock Awards

The RSAs’ fair value is equal to the value of the market price of FS Bancorp’s common stock on the grant date and compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the restricted stock. Shares granted under the 2018 Plan generally vest over a one-year period for independent directors and a five-year period for employees and officers beginning on the grant date. Any nonvested RSAs will be forfeited in the event of the award recipient’s termination of service with the Company or the Bank.

The following table presents a summary of the Company’s nonvested awards during the dates indicated (shown as actual):

						Weighted-Average
						Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested Shares		Shares				Per Share
Nonvested at January 1, 2024			102,144			$	29.61
Granted			—				—
Less vested			—				—
Less forfeited			4,000				30.73
Nonvested at June 30, 2024			98,144			$	29.57

At June 30, 2024, there was $2.0 million of total unrecognized forfeiture adjusted compensation cost related to nonvested shares granted under the 2018 Plan as RSAs. The cost is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 3.0 years.