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Income Taxes
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 8. Income Taxes

In order to determine the quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions. However, to the extent that application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is not representative of the quarterly portion of actual tax expense expected to be recorded for the year, the Company determines the provision for income taxes based on actual year-to-date income (loss). Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized as discrete items in the period during which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

The following table presents the Company’s income tax expense and effective income tax rate:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

March 31,

 

 

 

2022

 

 

2021

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Income tax expense (benefit)

 

$

(2,639

)

 

$

2,766

 

Effective income tax rate

 

 

29.0

%

 

 

23.8

%

 

Income tax benefit for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $2.6 million at an effective tax rate of 29.0% and income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $2.8 million at an effective tax rate of 23.8%. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily impacted by certain non-deductible costs and state income tax expense, offset by the deduction for foreign derived intangible income and stock option exercises.

The Company is subject to income taxes domestically and in various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating uncertain tax positions and determining the provision for income taxes.

The Company recognizes only those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold and establishes tax reserves for uncertain tax positions that do not meet this threshold. Interest and penalties associated with income tax matters are included in the provision for income taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had uncertain tax positions of $3.8 million, inclusive of $1.1 million of interest and penalties.

The Company files U.S., state and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with various statutes of limitations. The federal tax years open under the statute of limitations are 2018 through 2020, and the state tax years open under the statute of limitations are 2017 through 2020.