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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 8. Income Taxes

In order to determine the quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions. However, to the extent that application of the estimated annual effective tax rate is not representative of the quarterly portion of actual tax expense expected to be recorded for the year, the Company determines the provision for income taxes based on actual year-to-date income (loss). Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized as discrete items in the period during which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

The following table presents the Company’s income tax expense and effective income tax rate:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Income tax benefit

 

$

(54

)

 

$

(4,740

)

 

$

(124

)

 

$

(7,379

)

Effective income tax rate

 

 

0.3

%

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

0.5

%

 

 

23.3

%

 

 

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily impacted by a true-up to foreign incomes tax payable, partially offset by the change in U.S. valuation allowance, foreign taxes and interest on uncertain tax positions.

The Company recognizes only those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold and establishes tax reserves for uncertain tax positions that do not meet this threshold. Interest and penalties associated with income tax matters are included in the provision for income taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of June 30, 2023, the Company had uncertain tax positions of $2.9 million, inclusive of $0.8 million of interest and penalties.

As required by the authoritative guidance on accounting for income taxes the Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis at each reporting date. Accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred taxes will not be realized. The Company considers all positive and negative evidence in determining if, based on the weight of such evidence, a valuation allowance is required. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that the deferred tax assets are not more likely than not realizable, the Company establishes a valuation allowance. Due to the significant 2022 pre-tax loss, coupled with cumulative book losses projected in early future years, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on its net U.S. deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2022. The Company’s continues to maintain this valuation allowance for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

The Company is subject to income taxes domestically and in various foreign jurisdictions. The Company files U.S., state and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with various statutes of limitations. The federal tax years open under the statute of limitations are 2019 through 2021, and the state tax years open under the statute of limitations are 2018 through 2021.